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韩非子·六反原文与翻译

[移动版] 作者:韩非子

韩非子·六反原文与翻译

畏死远难,降北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“贵(gui)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”。学(xue)道立方,离法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“文学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”游居厚(hou)养,牟(mou)(mou)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“有(you)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”。语曲牟(mou)(mou)知,伪(wei)诈(zha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“辩(bian)智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”。行(xing)剑(jian)攻杀,暴憿(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“磏勇(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”。活贼匿(ni)奸(jian),当(dang)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“任誉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)”。此六民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)者,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)誉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。赴险殉诚,死节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“失(shi)计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寡闻(wen)从令,全法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“朴陋(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。力作而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食,生利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“寡能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),嘉厚(hou)纯(chun)粹,整谷(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“愚(yu)戆(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。重命畏事,尊(zun)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“怯慑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。挫贼遏奸(jian),明上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“謟谗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此六民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)者,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)毁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。奸(jian)伪(wei)无益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)六,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如彼(bi);耕战有(you)益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)六,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如此:此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓“六反”。布衣循私(si)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)誉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主听(ting)虚声而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai),利必(bi)加焉。百(bai)姓循私(si)害而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)訾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主壅于俗而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai),害必(bi)加焉。故名赏在(zai)乎(hu)私(si)恶当(dang)罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毁害在(zai)乎(hu)公善宜赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),索国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)强,不可得也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

害(hai)怕(pa)死(si)亡,逃(tao)避危难,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)投降败(bai)逃(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)珍惜生(sheng)命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雅士(shi)。学做(zuo)神(shen)仙,设立方术,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)违反法治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大有(you)学问的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文士(shi)。游(you)手好闲(xian),给(ji)养(yang)丰(feng)厚,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社会(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寄生(sheng)虫;世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)能耐(nai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。歪理诡辩,玩(wan)弄智巧(qiao),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虚(xu)(xu)伪巧(qiao)诈(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辩士(shi)智士(shi)。行(xing)侠舞剑,喜斗(dou)好杀(sha),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凶暴而(er)冒险的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刚强威(wei)武的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勇士(shi)。包庇(bi)大盗,隐藏(zang)坏人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)该判死(si)刑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)称(cheng)誉他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仗义(yi)舍身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)士(shi)。这(zhei)(zhei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社会(hui)舆论(lun)所(suo)赞(zan)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。奔赴国(guo)(guo)难,献身(shen)君(jun)主,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舍生(sheng)取义(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)失多得(de)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。见闻很少,服从(cong)命令(ling),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保全法令(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)浅薄愚(yu)昧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。尽心耕作,自食其力,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)创造(zao)财富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)没有(you)才能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。品德优异,单纯朴(po)实,本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正派(pai)善良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蠢笨呆板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。重(zhong)(zhong)视(shi)命令(ling),谨慎办事(shi)(shi),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊重(zhong)(zhong)君(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)胆(dan)小伯事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。打击(ji)贼(zei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),止住奸(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),本(ben)(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提醒君(jun)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),世(shi)(shi)俗却(que)贬(bian)(bian)斥他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)奉承(cheng)讨(tao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。这(zhei)(zhei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社会(hui)舆论(lun)所(suo)诋毁(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。奸(jian)诈(zha)虚(xu)(xu)伪而(er)无益(yi)(yi)于国(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),社会(hui)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)样地赞(zan)美他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men);努力耕战(zhan)而(er)有(you)益(yi)(yi)于国(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),社会(hui)上却(que)这(zhei)(zhei)样地诋毁(hui)他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men):这(zhei)(zhei)就叫做(zuo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)反。平民从(cong)私利出(chu)发称(cheng)赞(zan)前六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),当(dang)(dang)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主听(ting)到(dao)虚(xu)(xu)名(ming)而(er)尊重(zhong)(zhong)这(zhei)(zhei)些人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),而(er)得(de)到(dao)尊重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),一定会(hui)得(de)到(dao)好处。百姓从(cong)私害(hai)出(chu)发话毁(hui)后六(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),当(dang)(dang)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主受世(shi)(shi)俗蒙蔽而(er)鄙(bi)视(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men),而(er)受到(dao)鄙(bi)视(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),一定会(hui)受到(dao)迫(po)害(hai)。结果(guo)声誉和赏赐(ci)归于私下干坏事(shi)(shi)、应当(dang)(dang)判罪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),而(er)诋毁(hui)和迫(po)害(hai)却(que)给(ji)了(le)为国(guo)(guo)家做(zuo)好事(shi)(shi)、应当(dang)(dang)奖赏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。这(zhei)(zhei)样还想求得(de)国(guo)(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富强,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)。

古者(zhe)有(you)谚曰(yue):“为政(zheng)犹沐也(ye)(ye),虽(sui)有(you)弃发(fa),必为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”爱(ai)弃发(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费而(er)忘(wang)长发(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li),不(bu)知权者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。夫弹(dan)(dan)痤(cuo)者(zhe)痛(tong),饮药者(zhe)苦,为苦惫(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故不(bu)弹(dan)(dan)痤(cuo)饮药,则身不(bu)活(huo),病不(bu)已矣。今(jin)上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接,无子父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽,而(er)欲以(yi)行义禁(jin)下,则交必有(you)郄矣。且父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于子也(ye)(ye),产(chan)(chan)男则相贺,产(chan)(chan)女(nv)(nv)则杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)俱出(chu)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怀衽(ren),然男子受(shou)贺,女(nv)(nv)子杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),虑其(qi)后便,计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长利(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。故父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于子也(ye)(ye),犹用计算之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心以(yi)相待也(ye)(ye),而(er)况无父(fu)(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽乎?今(jin)学者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说人主(zhu)也(ye)(ye),皆去求利(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,出(chu)相爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,是求人主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过父(fu)(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)也(ye)(ye),此(ci)不(bu)熟于论恩(en),诈(zha)而(er)诬也(ye)(ye),故明主(zhu)不(bu)受(shou)也(ye)(ye)。圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治也(ye)(ye),审于法(fa)禁(jin),法(fa)禁(jin)明著,则官(guan)法(fa);必于赏罚(fa),赏罚(fa)不(bu)阿,则民(min)用。官(guan)治则国富(fu),国富(fu)则兵强(qiang),而(er)霸(ba)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)成矣。霸(ba)王(wang)者(zhe),人主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。人主(zhu)挟大(da)利(li)(li)(li)以(yi)听治,故其(qi)任官(guan)者(zhe)当能,其(qi)赏罚(fa)无私。使士(shi)民(min)明焉,尽力(li)致(zhi)死(si),则功伐可立(li)而(er)爵禄可致(zhi),爵禄致(zhi)而(er)富(fu)贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)成矣。富(fu)贵者(zhe),人臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)利(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。人臣(chen)(chen)挟大(da)利(li)(li)(li)以(yi)从事,故其(qi)行危至死(si),其(qi)力(li)尽而(er)不(bu)望。此(ci)谓(wei)君不(bu)仁,臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)忠(zhong),则不(bu)可以(yi)霸(ba)王(wang)矣。

古代有(you)句(ju)谚语说:“执政好(hao)比洗(xi)头(tou)(tou)一样(yang),即(ji)使(shi)会(hui)有(you)一些(xie)头(tou)(tou)发(fa)掉落(luo),仍是(shi)(shi)必须洗(xi)头(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”看重掉头(tou)(tou)发(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)损耗而(er)忘记促使(shi)头(tou)(tou)发(fa)生长(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)处,是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)懂得(de)(de)(de)权衡利(li)弊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人。针刺痈(yong)疮是(shi)(shi)痛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),吃药是(shi)(shi)苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);因(yin)为(wei)(wei)苦痛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缘故就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)刺痈(yong)和(he)吃药,就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)救不(bu)(bu)了命,治不(bu)(bu)了病。现(xian)在君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao),没有(you)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恩泽,却(que)想(xiang)用施行仁义(yi)去控制臣(chen)下,那么君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)之间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)往必定(ding)会(hui)出现(xian)裂(lie)痕(hen)。况(kuang)且父母(mu)对(dui)于(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),生了男(nan)孩就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)互相(xiang)祝贺(he),生了女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)孩就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)把她杀了。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)都(dou)出自(zi)父母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)怀抱(bao),然(ran)而(er)是(shi)(shi)男(nan)孩就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)受到(dao)祝贺(he),是(shi)(shi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)孩就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)杀了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin),是(shi)(shi)考(kao)虑(lv)到(dao)今(jin)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益,从(cong)长(zhang)远(yuan)利(li)益打算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)(suo)以父母(mu)对(dui)于(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),尚且用计算利(li)弊相(xiang)对(dui)待,何况(kuang)是(shi)(shi)对(dui)于(yu)(yu)没有(you)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)间(jian)(jian)恩泽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人呢(ni)?现(xian)在学者游(you)说君(jun)(jun)主(zhu),都(dou)要君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)抛(pao)弃求(qiu)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打算,而(er)采用相(xiang)爱(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原则(ze),这是(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)有(you)超过(guo)父母(mu)对(dui)于(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亲情,也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)属于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)善于(yu)(yu)谈(tan)论恩泽问(wen)题的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谎言和(he)欺(qi)诈了,所(suo)(suo)以明君(jun)(jun)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。圣人治理(li)国(guo)家(jia),一是(shi)(shi)能(neng)详(xiang)细地(di)考(kao)察法律(lv)禁令,法律(lv)禁令彰明了,官府(fu)事(shi)务就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)妥(tuo)善治理(li);二是(shi)(shi)能(neng)坚决(jue)地(di)实行赏罚,赏罚不(bu)(bu)出偏差,民众就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)听(ting)(ting)从(cong)使(shi)唤。民众听(ting)(ting)从(cong)使(shi)唤,官府(fu)事(shi)务得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)妥(tuo)善处理(li),国(guo)家(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)富强(qiang);国(guo)家(jia)富强(qiang),兵力(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)强(qiang)盛。结果(guo),统一天下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)业也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)随之完成(cheng)(cheng)了。统一天下,是(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)怀着(zhe)统一天下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)来治理(li)国(guo)家(jia),所(suo)(suo)以他根(gen)据能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)任用官员(yuan),实行赏罚没有(you)私心(xin)(xin)。要让士人民众明白,为(wei)(wei)国(guo)家(jia)尽(jin)(jin)力(li)(li)(li)拼死(si),功劳就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)建立,爵(jue)禄(lu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)获(huo)得(de)(de)(de);获(huo)得(de)(de)(de)爵(jue)禄(lu),富贵(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)业就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)完成(cheng)(cheng)了。富贵(gui)(gui)(gui)是(shi)(shi)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)怀着(zhe)取得(de)(de)(de)富贵(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)来办事(shi),所(suo)(suo)以他们(men)会(hui)冒着(zhe)生命危险力(li)(li)(li)、事(shi),竭尽(jin)(jin)全(quan)力(li)(li)(li)。死(si)而(er)无怨。这叫做君(jun)(jun)主(zhu)不(bu)(bu)讲仁爱(ai),臣(chen)下不(bu)(bu)讲忠心(xin)(xin),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以因(yin)此统一天下了。

夫奸(jian)必知(zhi)(zhi)则备,必诛则止;不知(zhi)(zhi)则肆,不诛则行。夫陈轻货(huo)于(yu)(yu)幽隐,虽(sui)曾(ceng)、史可(ke)(ke)疑也(ye);悬百金于(yu)(yu)市,虽(sui)大(da)盗(dao)不取也(ye)。不知(zhi)(zhi),则曾(ceng)、史可(ke)(ke)疑于(yu)(yu)幽隐;必知(zhi)(zhi),则大(da)盗(dao)不取悬金于(yu)(yu)市。故(gu)明主(zhu)之(zhi)治(zhi)国也(ye),众其(qi)守而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重其(qi)罪,使(shi)民以(yi)(yi)(yi)法禁而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不以(yi)(yi)(yi)廉(lian)止。母之(zhi)爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)子(zi)也(ye)倍父,父令(ling)之(zhi)行于(yu)(yu)子(zi)者十母;吏之(zhi)于(yu)(yu)民无爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai),令(ling)之(zhi)行于(yu)(yu)民也(ye)万父。母积爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)令(ling)穷,吏威严(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民听(ting)(ting)从,严(yan)爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)之(zhi)策(ce)亦(yi)可(ke)(ke)决(jue)矣。且父母之(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)于(yu)(yu)子(zi)也(ye),动作则欲其(qi)安(an)利也(ye),行身则欲其(qi)远(yuan)罪也(ye)。君(jun)上(shang)之(zhi)于(yu)(yu)民也(ye),有(you)难则用其(qi)死,安(an)平则尽其(qi)力(li)。亲以(yi)(yi)(yi)厚爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)关子(zi)于(yu)(yu)安(an)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不听(ting)(ting),君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)无爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)利求(qiu)民之(zhi)死力(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)令(ling)行。明主(zhu)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi),故(gu)不养恩爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)之(zhi)心而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)增(zeng)威严(yan)之(zhi)势。故(gu)母厚爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)处,子(zi)多败,推爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)也(ye);父薄(bo)爱(ai)(ai)(ai)(ai)教(jiao)笞,子(zi)多善,用严(yan)也(ye)。

奸(jian)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定能被(bei)察觉(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),才(cai)(cai)会(hui)戒惧;在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定要(yao)受(shou)惩(cheng)(cheng)罚(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),才(cai)(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)再犯。在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能被(bei)察觉(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)放(fang)肆(si);在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)会(hui)受(shou)惩(cheng)(cheng)罚(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)况(kuang)下(xia),他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)横行。把廉价的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)东西放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冷僻之处(chu),即使是曾参、史(shi){鱼(yu)酋}这样有(you)修养的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)也有(you)偷窃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫌疑;把百(bai)金放(fang)置在(zai)(zai)(zai)闹市(shi)中,即使出名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盗(dao)贼也不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)取走。不(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)察觉(jue),曾参、史(shi)绍就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可能在(zai)(zai)(zai)暗处(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)坏事;一(yi)定察觉(jue);大盗(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)闹市(shi)上取走放(fang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)金。所(suo)以明君治理国家,多(duo)(duo)设耳(er)目(mu),重罚(fa)罪(zui)犯,使民众(zhong)(zhong)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)法令(ling)而(er)受(shou)到约束,不(bu)(bu)(bu)靠廉洁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品德而(er)停止作(zuo)恶。母(mu)亲(qin)(qin)爱(ai)(ai)护子(zi)女(nv)(nv)要(yao)倍(bei)(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)父亲(qin)(qin),然而(er)父亲(qin)(qin)严(yan)(yan)令(ling)子(zi)女(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果更十倍(bei)(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)母(mu)亲(qin)(qin);官(guan)吏(li)对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民众(zhong)(zhong)没(mei)有(you)爱(ai)(ai)心(xin)(xin),然而(er)对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民众(zhong)(zhong)发号施令(ling),其效果更要(yao)万倍(bei)(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)父亲(qin)(qin)。母(mu)亲(qin)(qin)过分(fen)宠(chong)爱(ai)(ai)子(zi)女(nv)(nv),命令(ling)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)行不(bu)(bu)(bu)通;官(guan)吏(li)运(yun)用刑罚(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)严(yan)(yan),命令(ling)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能让人(ren)服从。采(cai)用威(wei)严(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)略好(hao)(hao),还(hai)是仁(ren)爱(ai)(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策略好(hao)(hao),由(you)此也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可以决(jue)断(duan)了。况(kuang)且父母(mu)寄希望于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)女(nv)(nv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),行动(dong)上是想让他(ta)们(men)安(an)全(quan)有(you)利,做(zuo)人(ren)上是想他(ta)们(men)不(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)犯罪(zui)。君主对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)民众(zhong)(zhong),危(wei)难时就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)他(ta)们(men)拼(pin)死作(zuo)战(zhan),安(an)定时就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)他(ta)们(men)尽力(li)(li)耕(geng)作(zuo)。父母(mu)怀着(zhe)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爱(ai)(ai),把子(zi)女(nv)(nv)安(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)有(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)环境中,但(dan)子(zi)女(nv)(nv)却(que)不(bu)(bu)(bu)听父母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话;君主在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用爱(ai)(ai)与利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)条件下(xia)要(yao)求民众(zhong)(zhong)为自(zi)己(ji)出死力(li)(li),命令(ling)却(que)能行得(de)通。明君懂(dong)得(de)这些(xie),所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)培养仁(ren)爱(ai)(ai)之心(xin)(xin)而(er)加(jia)强(qiang)威(wei)严(yan)(yan)之势。所(suo)以母(mu)亲(qin)(qin)对子(zi)女(nv)(nv)厚爱(ai)(ai),子(zi)女(nv)(nv)多(duo)(duo)数不(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)(hao),是因为宠(chong)爱(ai)(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结(jie)果;父亲(qin)(qin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)偏爱(ai)(ai),常(chang)用体罚(fa),子(zi)女(nv)(nv)多(duo)(duo)数,很好(hao)(hao),是因为严(yan)(yan)厉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结(jie)果。

 

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