卷三下·公孙丑章句上
孟子曰：“以力假仁者，霸霸必有大国。以德行仁者王，王不待大。汤以七十里，文王以百里。（言霸者以大国之力，假仁义之道，然后能霸，若齐桓、晋文等是也。以己之德，行仁政于民，小国则可以致王，若汤、文王是也。）
以力服人者，非心服也，力不赡也。以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也，如七十子之服孔子也。（赡，足也。以已力不足而往服就于人，非心服者也。以已德不如彼而往服从之，诚心服者也。如颜渊、子贡等之服于仲尼，心服者也。）
《诗》云：‘自西自东，自南自北，无思不服。”此之谓也。（《诗·大雅·文王有声》之篇。言从四方来者，无思不服武王之德，此亦心服之谓也。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“此之谓也”。
○正义曰：此章指言王者任德，霸者兼力，力服心服，优劣不同，故曰远人不服，修文德以怀之。“孟子曰：以力假仁者霸”至“文王百里”者，孟子言以大国之力，而假以仁义之道行之者，乃能为霸，以把握诸侯之权也，故必有其大国。以德泽而行仁政者，乃能为之王，使天下皆归往者也，故不待有大国而为之也。汤但以七十里起而为商之汤王，文王但以百里而天下归，是其以德泽行仁政于天下，故不待有大国而为之王，此汤、文二者是也。“以力服人者”至“服孔子也”者，孟子言但以力而服人，人虽面从而服之，然亦非是心服之也。以德服人，人则中心悦乐而诚心服也，如七十子之服仲尼者也，是其以诚心服之也，非面从而服之者也。“《诗》云：自西自东，自南自北，无思不服，此之谓也”者，此盖《诗·大雅·文王有声》之篇文也。盖孟子引此而证其诚服之意，故援之，曰自南而自北，自西而自东，而四方皆归之，无有所思而不服，是亦此之谓与。
○注“《大雅·文王有声》之诗”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此篇(pian)盖(gai)言文(wen)王继(ji)伐，武王能广文(wen)王之声，卒(zu)其伐功(gong)也。笺(jian)云：自，由(you)也，言武王于(yu)镐京(jing)行辟雍之礼，自四(si)方(fang)来观者，皆感化其德(de)，而心无不服(fu)者。
孟子曰：“仁则荣，不仁则辱。今恶辱而居不仁，是犹恶湿而居下也。（行仁政则国昌而民安，得其荣乐。行不仁则国破民残，蒙其耻辱。恶辱而不行仁，譬犹恶湿而居卑下近水泉之地也。）
如恶之，莫如贵德而尊士，贤者在位，能者在职，（诸侯如恶辱之来，则当贵德以治身，尊士以敬人，使贤者居位，官得其人，能者居职，人任其事也。）
国家闲暇，及是时明其政刑，虽大国必畏之矣。（及无邻国之虞，以是闲暇之时，明修其政教，审其刑罚，虽天下大国，必来畏服。）
《诗》云：‘迨天之未阴雨，彻彼桑土，绸缪牖户。今此下民，或敢侮予。’孔子曰：‘为此诗者，其知道乎？能治其国家，谁敢侮之。’（《诗》国《鸱》之篇。迨，及。彻，取也。桑土，桑根也。言此鸱小鸟，犹尚知反天未阴雨而取桑根之皮，以缠绵牖户。人君能治国家，谁敢侮之。剌君曾不如此鸟。孔子善之，故谓此诗知道也。）
今国家闲暇，及是时，般乐怠敖，是自求祸也。祸福无不自已求之者。（般，大也。孟子伤今时之君，国家有闲暇，且以大作乐，怠惰敖游，不政刑，是以见侵而不能距，皆自求祸者也。）
《诗》云：永言配命，自求多福。‘（《诗·大雅·文王》之篇。永，长；言，我也。长我周家之命，配当善道，皆内自求责，故有多福也。）
《太甲》曰：‘天作孽，犹可违。自作孽，不可活。’此之谓也。（殷王太甲，言天之妖孽，尚可违避，譬若高宗ず雉，宋景守心之变，皆可以德消去也。自已作孽者，若帝乙慢神震死，是为不可活也。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“此之谓也”。
○正义曰：此章指言国必修政，君必行仁，祸福由己，不专在天，当防患于未乱也。“孟子曰：仁则荣，不仁则辱。今恶辱而居不仁，是犹恶湿而居下也”者，孟子言国君行仁，则国昌民安，享其荣乐。行不仁，则国破民残，故己蒙其耻辱。今之国君，既能疾恶其有耻辱于己，而以居处于不仁之道，是若疾恶其湿污，而以居其卑下近水泉之地也。“如恶之，莫如贵德而尊士，贤者在位，能者在职”者，言今之国君，如能疾恶其耻辱，莫若尚其有德之贤，而尊敬其有道之士也。既能贵德尊士，则贤者居其官位，能者任其官职也。所贵德者，为其有德也，所以尊士者，为其事道也。能为人所不能为，贤长于德行者也；能为人之所能为能，长于道艺者也。得贤能在位在职，则国无不治也。所以谓仁则荣之意也。“今国家暇，及是时明其政刑，虽大国必畏之矣”者，言今国家闲暇无事，以及此时，若能修明政教刑罚，虽强大之国，亦必畏服矣。“《诗》云：迨天之未阴雨，彻彼桑土”至“谁敢侮之”者，自“迨天”至“或敢侮予”，盖《诗》国《鸱》之篇文也。言此鸱小鸟，尚知天未阴雨之前，取彼桑根之皮土，以缠绵牖户，喻人君能于闲暇之时，治其国家，以明其刑政，则今此下民，谁敢侮慢我也。诗人盖以天之未阴雨，国家闲暇之譬也。彻彼桑土，绸缪牖户，明其政刑之譬也。今此下民，或敢侮予，大国必畏之譬也。鸱所以彻彼桑土于天未阴雨之前，以缠绵牖户，则风雨莫得以漂摇，人君所以明政刑于暇之时，以维持国家，则邻国莫得以侵侮。此孔子所以曰作为此诗者，是能知其治道者也。以其能治其国家，则谁敢侮之矣。是宜孔子善之，以谓为此诗者，其知道乎？“今国家闲暇，及是时，般乐怠敖，是自求祸也。祸福无不自已求”者，孟子伤今之人君，于国家闲暇以及于此时乃大作乐，怠惰敖游，而不修明刑政，是自求其祸也。以其祸福无有不自于己求之矣，如所谓夫人必自畏然后人畏之，夫人必自侮然后人侮之，是其祸福无不自已求之意也。“诗云：永言配命，自求多福”者，盖《诗·大雅·文王》之篇文也。永，长也。言，我也。盖谓我长配天命而行，以自求多福也。“《太甲》曰：天作孽，犹可违。自作孽，不可活。此之谓也”者，太甲，殷王之名也，言大甲尝谓上天作其灾孽，尚可违避。如已自作其灾孽，不可得而生活也。如高宗、宋景二者，修德以消去者，是天作孽犹可违也。帝乙慢神震死，是自作孽，不可活也。凡此孟子所以引之者，是亦证其祸福无不自已求之之意也。
○注“诗国之篇”。
○正义曰：《鸱》之诗，盖言周公救乱也。成王未知周公之志，公乃为诗以遗王，名之曰《鸱》焉。毛云：“鸱，宁也。迨，及也。彻，剥也。桑土，桑根也。绸缪犹缠绵也。”笺云：“鸱自说作巢至苦矣，如是以喻诸臣之先臣，亦及文武未定天下，积日累功，以固定此官位与土地。今女我巢下之民，宁有敢侮慢欲毁之者乎？意欲恚怒之，以喻诸臣之先臣固定此官位土地，亦不欲见其绝夺矣。”
○注“《诗·大雅·文王》之篇”。
○正义曰：此诗盖言文王受命作周之诗也。笺云：“长犹常也，王既述修祖德，常言当配天命而行，则福禄自求也。”
○注“殷王太甲”至“不可活也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：案(an)(an)《本纪》云：“太(tai)(tai)甲，成汤(tang)长(zhang)孙也(ye)，太(tai)(tai)丁(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye)。太(tai)(tai)甲既立(li)三年(nian)，不(bu)(bu)明暴虐，不(bu)(bu)遵汤(tang)法，乱德(de)。于是(shi)伊尹放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于桐宫。三年(nian)悔过自责，反善，伊尹乃迎太(tai)(tai)甲而(er)(er)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)。太(tai)(tai)甲修德(de)，诸侯咸归，百姓以宁。伊尹嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，作《太(tai)(tai)甲训》，以褒太(tai)(tai)甲，号称(cheng)太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。”云“高宗(zong)(zong)(zong)ず雉“者，案(an)(an)《史(shi)记》云武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)也(ye)，“武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)祭(ji)成汤(tang)，明日有(you)飞雉登鼎耳而(er)(er)ず。武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)惧，祖乙(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：王(wang)勿(wu)忧，先修政(zheng)事。武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)乃修政(zheng)行德(de)，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)咸欢。武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)崩，祖乙(yi)(yi)嘉武(wu)(wu)丁(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以祥雉为(wei)(wei)德(de)，立(li)其庙，为(wei)(wei)高宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，遂(sui)作《高宗(zong)(zong)(zong)肜日》及《训》”是(shi)也(ye)。云“宋景(jing)守心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变”者，案(an)(an)《史(shi)记》云“头曼(man)立(li)二十七年(nian)，荧(ying)惑(huo)守心。心，宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分野也(ye)。景(jing)公(gong)忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，司星(xing)子韦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可(ke)移于相。’景(jing)公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘相，吾(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)股肱。’曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可(ke)移于民(min)(min)。’景(jing)公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘君者待民(min)(min)。’曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可(ke)移于岁。’景(jing)公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘岁饥民(min)(min)困，吾(wu)谁为(wei)(wei)君？’子韦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘天(tian)(tian)高听卑，君有(you)君人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，三荧(ying)惑(huo)宜有(you)动。’于是(shi)候之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，果徙三度。六十四年(nian)，景(jing)公(gong)卒”是(shi)也(ye)。云“帝(di)乙(yi)(yi)慢神(shen)震死”者，案(an)(an)《史(shi)记》云“庚丁(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye)武(wu)(wu)乙(yi)(yi)立(li)为(wei)(wei)帝(di)，无(wu)道，为(wei)(wei)偶人(ren)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)，与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抟，令人(ren)为(wei)(wei)行。天(tian)(tian)神(shen)不(bu)(bu)胜，乃﹃辱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)(wei)革(ge)囊(nang)盛血，仰而(er)(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，命(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)射(she)天(tian)(tian)。武(wu)(wu)乙(yi)(yi)猎于河(he)渭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，暴雷，武(wu)(wu)乙(yi)(yi)震死”是(shi)也(ye)。
孟子曰：“尊贤使能，俊杰在位，则天下之士皆悦，而原立于其朝矣。（俊，美才出众者也。万人者称杰。）
市廛而不征，法而不廛，则天下之商皆悦而原藏于其市矣。（廛，市宅也。古者无征，衰世征之。《王制》曰：“市廛而不税。”《周礼·载师》曰：“国宅无征。”法而不廛者，当以什一之法征其地耳，不当征其廛宅也。）
关讥而不征，则天下之旅皆悦而原出于其路矣。（言古之设关，但讥禁异言、识异服耳，不征税出入者也，故《王制》曰“古者关讥而不征”。《周礼·太宰》曰“九赋，七曰关市之赋”，《司关》曰“国凶扎，则无关门之征，犹讥”。《王制》谓文王以前也，文治岐，关讥而不征。《周礼》有征者，谓周公以来。孟子欲令复古之征，使天下行旅悦之也。）
耕者助而不税，则天下之农皆悦而原耕于其野矣。（助者，井田什一，助佐公家治公田，不横税赋，若履亩之类。）
廛无夫里之布，则天下之民皆悦而原为之氓矣。（里，居也。布，钱也。夫，一夫也。《周礼·载师》曰：“宅不毛者有里布，田不耕者有屋粟。凡民无职事者，出夫家之征。”孟子欲使宽独夫去里布，则人皆乐为之氓矣。氓者谓其民也。）
信能行此五者，则邻国之民，仰之若父母矣。率其子弟，攻其父母，自生民以来，未有能济者也。（今诸侯诚能行此五事，四邻之民，仰望而爱之如父母矣。邻国之君，欲将其民来伐之，譬若率勉人子弟，使自攻其父母。自生民以来，何能以此济成其欲也。）
如此，则无敌于天下。无敌于天下者，天吏也，然而不王者，未之有也。（言诸侯所行能如此者，何敌之有。是为天吏，天吏者，天使也。为政当为天所使，诛伐无道，故谓之天吏也。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“未之有也”。
○正义曰：此章指言修古之道，邻国之民以为父母。行今之政，自己之民不得而子。是故众夫扰扰，非所常有，命曰天吏，明天所使也。“孟子曰：尊贤使能，俊杰在位，则天下之士，皆悦而原立于其朝矣”者，孟子言今之国君，能尊敬贤者，任使能者，俊杰大才在官位，则天下为之士者皆悦乐，原立其朝廷矣。“市廛而不征，法而不廛，则天下之商皆悦而原藏于其市矣”者，言市廛宅而不征，取其税以什一之法，征其地而不征其廛宅，则天下为商贾者，皆喜悦而原藏贮于其市矣。“关讥而不征，则天下之旅皆悦而原出其路矣”者，言关门之所，但讥察其异言、异服之人，而不税出入者，则天下行旅之众，皆悦乐而原出于其道路矣。“耕者助而不税，则天下之农皆悦而原耕于其野矣”者，言耕田者但以井田制之，使助佐公田而治，不以横税取之，则天下为之农者，皆悦而原耕作其郊野矣。“廛无夫里之布，则天下之民皆悦而愿为之氓矣”者，言一夫所受之宅，而不出夫家之征，一廛所居之地，而不取其里布，则天下之民，皆悦乐而原为之氓矣。信能行此五者于天下，则邻国之民仰之若父母矣。“率其子弟，攻其父母，自有生民以来，未有能济者也”者，言今之国君，诚能信行此上五者之事，则四邻之国民，仰望之如父母而亲之矣。邻国虽欲勉率其民，如子弟攻其父母，言自有生民以来而至于今，未有能济成其欲者也。言其民皆仰望之，而亲敬之，不肯为其所恶，而贼其所好也。“如此，则无敌于天下，无敌于天下者，天吏也。然而不王者，未之有也”者，言国君行此五者之事，而民仰望之，如此则是无敌于天下也。言天下之人，无与敢为敌者也。既无敌于天下者，是名为天吏者也。天所使者，是谓天吏也。然而为天吏而不王者，必无也。故曰未之有也。廛者一夫所受之宅也，里者一廛所居之地也。野者氓者，案《周官》制地之法，六乡以教为主，其主民有郊于内，故其地为郊而民则谓之民，以其近主而有知者也；六遂以耕为主，而其民有遂于外，故其地为野而民故谓之氓，以其远主而无知者也：此孟子云野云氓之意也。盖孟子或云贵德而尊士，贤者在位，能者在职，或曰尊贤使能，俊杰在位者，以其贵士之有德，尊士之有道者，为其贤也，为其能也。即其贤而授之位，所以尊其贤。即其能而授之职，所以使其能。若夫俊杰则行而敏速，立而绝众，贤之豪者，非可使以职也，故曰在位而已。
○注“廛市宅”至“廛宅也”。
○正义曰：《王制》云“市廛而不税”者，案郑注云：“廛，市物邸舍，税其舍，不税其物也。”注云“《周礼·载师》云宅无征”者，载师者，掌任土之法，以物地事授地职而待其政令者也。宅无征，所以言宅无税也。
○注“言古之设关”至“旅税之也”。
○正(zheng)义曰：云(yun)“《王制》曰古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)关讥(ji)(ji)而不(bu)(bu)征(zheng)(zheng)”，《礼记》有(you)《王制》之(zhi)篇，中有(you)云(yun)此(ci)。案郑(zheng)注云(yun)：讥(ji)(ji)异服(fu)，识异言也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“《周礼·太宰》曰九赋(fu)，七(qi)曰关市之(zhi)赋(fu)”。“一(yi)(yi)曰邦中之(zhi)赋(fu)，二曰四郊(jiao)之(zhi)赋(fu)，三曰郊(jiao)甸之(zhi)赋(fu)，四曰家(jia)(jia)削(xue)之(zhi)赋(fu)，五(wu)曰邦县之(zhi)赋(fu)，六曰邦都之(zhi)赋(fu)，七(qi)曰关市之(zhi)赋(fu)，八曰山泽之(zhi)赋(fu)，九曰币(bi)(bi)(bi)馀之(zhi)赋(fu)，郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)：“币(bi)(bi)(bi)馀，百工(gong)之(zhi)馀。”《司(si)关》曰：“国(guo)凶(xiong)(xiong)扎，则无(wu)(wu)关门之(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)，犹讥(ji)(ji)。”郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)：“凶(xiong)(xiong)谓(wei)凶(xiong)(xiong)年饥荒(huang)也(ye)(ye)，札(zha)谓(wei)疾疫死(si)亡也(ye)(ye)。越人(ren)谓(wei)死(si)为札(zha)。”《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰：“札(zha)瘥(chai)夭昏(hun)，无(wu)(wu)关门之(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，出(chu)入关门，无(wu)(wu)租税(shui)(shui)，犹苛察不(bu)(bu)得令奸(jian)人(ren)出(chu)入也(ye)(ye)。”注《周礼·载师》曰：宅不(bu)(bu)毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)里布(bu)(bu)(bu)，田(tian)不(bu)(bu)耕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)屋粟(su)。凡民无(wu)(wu)职(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，出(chu)夫家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)”。郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)：“宅不(bu)(bu)毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)树桑麻也(ye)(ye)。里布(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，布(bu)(bu)(bu)参印书，广二寸，长二尺(chi)，以(yi)为币(bi)(bi)(bi)贸易物。”《诗》云(yun)“抱(bao)布(bu)(bu)(bu)贸丝”，此(ci)布(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)，或曰布(bu)(bu)(bu)，泉也(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰“贸之(zhi)百两一(yi)(yi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)”又《廛(chan)人(ren)职(zhi)》“掌(zhang)敛市之(zhi)次布(bu)(bu)(bu)、亻布(bu)(bu)(bu)、质(zhi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、罚(fa)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、廛(chan)布(bu)(bu)(bu)”。不(bu)(bu)知言“布(bu)(bu)(bu)参印书”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何见旧时说也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄谓(wei)宅不(bu)(bu)毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)罚(fa)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)里二十五(wu)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)泉，空田(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)罚(fa)以(yi)三家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)税(shui)(shui)粟(su)，以(yi)共吉凶(xiong)(xiong)二服(fu)及(ji)丧器也(ye)(ye)。民虽有(you)，无(wu)(wu)职(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，犹出(chu)夫税(shui)(shui)、家(jia)(jia)税(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)。夫税(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，百亩之(zhi)税(shui)(shui)。家(jia)(jia)税(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，出(chu)士(shi)徒车(che)辇(nian)给徭役。
孟子曰：“人皆有不忍人之心，（言人人皆有不忍加恶于人之心也。）
先王有不忍人之心，斯有不忍人之政矣。以不忍人之心，行不忍人之政，治天下可运之掌上。（先圣王推不忍害人之心，以行不忍伤民之政，以是治天下，易于转丸于掌上也。）
所以谓人皆有不忍人之心者，今人乍见孺子将入于井，皆有怵惕恻隐之心，非所以内交于孺子之父母也，非所以要誉于乡党朋友也，非恶其声而然也。（乍，暂也。孺子，未有知之小子。所以言人皆有是心，凡人暂见小孺子将入井，贤愚皆有惊骇之情，情发于中，非为人也，非恶有不仁之声名，故怵惕也。）
由是观之，无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。（言无此四者，当若禽兽，非人心耳。为人则有之矣。凡人但不能演用为行耳。）
恻隐之心，仁之端也；羞恶之心，义之端也；辞让之心，礼之端也；是非之心，智之端也。（端者，首也。人皆有仁义礼智之首，可引用之。）
人之有是四端也，犹其有四体也。有是四端，而自谓不能者，自贼者也。（自谓不能为善，自贼害其性，使不为善也。）
谓其君不能者，贼其君者也。（谓君不能为善而不匡正者，贼其君使陷恶也。）
凡有四端于我者，知皆扩而充之矣。若火之始然，泉之始达。苟能充之，足以保四海；苟不充之，不足以事父母。”（扩，廓也。凡有四端在于我者，知皆廓而充大之，若火、泉之始微小，广大之则无所不至。以喻人之四端也，人诚能充大之，可保安四海之民，诚不充大之，内不足以事父母，言无仁义礼智，何以事父母也。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“不足以事父母”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)章(zhang)指言人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行当(dang)内(nei)求诸己(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)演大四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)，充(chong)(chong)广其(qi)道，上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匡君，下以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)荣身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)言人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为人(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)加(jia)恶(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“先王有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，斯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政”至(zhi)“掌(zhang)上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)言古(gu)先圣王有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)加(jia)恶(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，斯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)伤民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。既(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)加(jia)恶(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)伤民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，其(qi)治天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)，但(dan)若(ruo)(ruo)转运(yun)走丸于(yu)(yu)(yu)掌(zhang)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，今人(ren)(ren)(ren)乍见孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)将入井(jing)”至(zhi)“然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)言所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)加(jia)恶(e)(e)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，且以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)今人(ren)(ren)(ren)乍见孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)，无(wu)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今人(ren)(ren)(ren)乍见无(wu)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小子(zi)(zi)(zi)，相(xiang)将匍匐(fu)，欲坠于(yu)(yu)(yu)井(jing)，但(dan)见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)怵惕恐惧(ju)恻隐(yin)(yin)痛忍(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)内(nei)尝结(jie)交于(yu)(yu)(yu)孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)母(mu)然后(hou)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欲要求美誉于(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)党朋友(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恶(e)(e)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声而然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“由是(shi)(shi)(shi)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)恻隐(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”至(zhi)“无(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)言由此(ci)(ci)(ci)见孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)将入于(yu)(yu)(yu)井(jing)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)怵惕恻隐(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)观察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)恻隐(yin)(yin)、羞(xiu)恶(e)(e)、辞(ci)让(rang)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，皆(jie)非(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，乃若(ruo)(ruo)禽(qin)兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禽(qin)兽所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)恻隐(yin)(yin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)无(wu)羞(xiu)恶(e)(e)惭(can)耻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)无(wu)辞(ci)让(rang)揖(yi)逊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)无(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)好恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言苟无(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，乃禽(qin)兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“恻隐(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”至(zhi)“智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)言人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)恻隐(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)，本(ben)起于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)羞(xiu)恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)，本(ben)起于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)辞(ci)让(rang)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)、智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)，本(ben)起于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)仁(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)(ren)恻隐(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言恻隐(yin)(yin)羞(xiu)恶(e)(e)辞(ci)让(rang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)礼(li)智(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端(duan)(duan)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，犹其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”至(zhi)“贼(zei)其(qi)君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)言人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)恻隐(yin)(yin)、羞(xiu)恶(e)(e)、辞(ci)让(rang)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)为仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)礼(li)智(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)，若(ruo)(ruo)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)肢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)，而自谓(wei)(wei)已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能为善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)自贼(zei)害(hai)其(qi)善(shan)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为善(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)君，如(ru)谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能为善(shan)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)匡正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)亦贼(zei)害(hai)其(qi)君，使陷于(yu)(yu)(yu)恶(e)(e)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)他(ta)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为人(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)推用而行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。如(ru)能推此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)礼(li)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣，所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)礼(li)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即善(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)善(shan)矣，故(gu)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。“凡(fan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)我者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，知皆(jie)扩而充(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”至(zhi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)父(fu)母(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)言凡(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)端(duan)(duan)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)我己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，能皆(jie)廓而充(chong)(chong)大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)若(ruo)(ruo)火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初燃，泉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始达，而终(zhong)极(ji)乎燎(liao)原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炽，襄陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荡也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。苟能充(chong)(chong)大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虽四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大，亦足(zu)保(bao)安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。苟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能充(chong)(chong)大之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虽己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)母(mu)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奉事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)曰(yue)：苟能充(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)，苟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)父(fu)母(mu)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)亦推恩足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)推恩无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
孟子曰：“矢人岂不仁于函人哉！矢人惟恐不伤人，函人惟恐伤人。巫匠亦然，故术不可不慎也。（矢，箭也。函，甲也。《周礼》曰：“函人为甲。”作箭之人，其性非独不仁于作甲之人也，术使之然。巫欲祝活人。匠，梓匠，作棺欲其蚤售，利在于人死也。故治术当慎，修其善者也。）
孔子曰：‘里仁为美，择不处仁，焉得智？’（里，居也。仁，最其美者也。夫简择不处仁，为不智。）
夫仁，天之尊爵也，人之安宅也，莫之御而不仁，是不智也。（为仁则可以长天下，故曰天所以假人尊爵也。居之则安，无止之者，而人不能知入是仁道者，又安得为之智乎。）
不仁不智，无礼无义，人役也。（若此，为人所役者也。）
人役而耻为役，由弓人而耻为弓，矢人而耻为矢也。（治其事而耻其业者，惑也。）
如耻之，莫如为仁。（如其耻为人役而为仁，仁则不为役也。）
仁者如射，射者正己而后发，发而不中，不怨胜己者，反求诸己而已矣。”（以射喻人为仁，不得其报，当反责己之仁恩有所未至也，不怨胜己者。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“反求诸已而已矣”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：此章(zhang)指(zhi)言(yan)各治(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)术(shu)(shu)，术(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)善恶，祸(huo)福之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来(lai)，随行而(er)(er)(er)(er)作。耻(chi)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)役(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)居仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，治(zhi)(zhi)术(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忌，勿为(wei)矢(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孟(meng)子曰(yue)(yue)矢(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)函(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)哉”至(zhi)(zhi)“故(gu)(gu)术(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)子言(yan)作矢(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)过于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)函(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)哉？其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)函(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)术(shu)(shu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作矢(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)作箭(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，惟(wei)恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)伤害人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作函(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)作函(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，惟(wei)恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)坚厚而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)伤害于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)特此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)此，虽作巫祝、梓(zi)匠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)巫人(ren)(ren)祝，在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活人(ren)(ren)。梓(zi)匠作棺，欲(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速售，利在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)死(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此孟(meng)子所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu)(gu)云其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)术(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎择也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。矢(shi)(shi)，箭(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。函(han)(han)，铠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。甲是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孔子曰(yue)(yue)：里(li)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)美，择不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)处仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，焉得(de)(de)智”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)子言(yan)孔子有(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)所(suo)居以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，最为(wei)美也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)拣(jian)择，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)里(li)，又(you)安(an)(an)(an)得(de)(de)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)智足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)知(zhi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)择处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，岂(qi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智哉！“夫(fu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)智也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)夫(fu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)道(dao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)彼(bi)得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)万(wan)物莫能(neng)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贱(jian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖营于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外而(er)(er)(er)(er)彼(bi)得(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)危(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)内(nei)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)万(wan)物莫能(neng)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今夫(fu)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事有(you)(you)形格势禁而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)为(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)道(dao)，乃(nai)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)爵(jue)(jue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)天(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)宅(zhai)(zhai)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)我者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)欲(yu)(yu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)矣，谁其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)哉。今仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)道(dao)，人(ren)(ren)莫御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)智，无礼(li)无义(yi)，人(ren)(ren)役(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”至(zhi)(zhi)“莫如(ru)(ru)为(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)智者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)无礼(li)无义(yi)，为(wei)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)役(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既为(wei)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)役(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)耻(chi)辱为(wei)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)役(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)若(ruo)非弓矢(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)择术(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)耻(chi)为(wei)弓矢(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)耻(chi)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)役(yi)，莫若(ruo)择术(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)礼(li)义(yi)随而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣，虽欲(yu)(yu)役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)荣(rong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)辱，亦(yi)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)射(she)”至(zhi)(zhi)“反求(qiu)诸(zhu)己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孟(meng)子比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)射(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)射(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，必待(dai)(dai)先正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)，已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)后而(er)(er)(er)(er)发(fa)(fa)矢(shi)(shi)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既发(fa)(fa)矢(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨恨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)射(she)胜于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)反责(ze)求(qiu)诸(zhu)己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。盖君子以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存(cun)心(xin)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爱人(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)常(chang)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，犹(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后发(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此待(dai)(dai)我以(yi)(yi)(yi)横逆，犹(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，自(zi)反而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)责(ze)诸(zhu)人(ren)(ren)，犹(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨胜己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、反求(qiu)诸(zhu)己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。此孟(meng)子所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)比仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)射(she)，发(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨胜己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，反求(qiu)诸(zhu)己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。
孟子曰：“子路，人告之以有过则喜，禹闻善言则拜。（子路乐闻其过，过而能改也。《尚书》曰：“禹拜谠言。”）
大舜有大焉，善与人同，舍己从人，乐取于人以为善，（大舜，虞舜也。孔子称曰“巍巍”，故言大舜有大焉，能舍己从人，故为大也，于子路与禹同者也。）
自耕稼陶渔以至为帝，无非取于人者。取诸人以为善，是与人为善者也。故君子莫大乎与人为善。”（舜从耕于历山及其陶渔，皆取人之善谋而从之，故曰莫大乎与人为善。）
[疏]“孟子曰”至“与人为善”。
○正义曰：此章指言大圣之君，犹采善于人。故曰“计及下者无遗策，举及众者无废功”也。“孟子曰：子路，人告之以有过则喜，禹闻善言则拜”者，孟子言子路之为人，人有告之以过事则喜，乐从人之言而改其过。大禹之为人，闻有善言则拜而受之也。“大舜有大焉，善与人同，舍己从人，乐取于人以为善”者，孟子又言大舜之为帝，有大巍巍之功焉，无它，以其善能与人同之也。己之善，亦犹人之善，人之善，亦犹己之善，是与人同善也。所以能如此者，亦以能舍己之所见，而从人之见，又乐取诸人以为善也。自“耕稼”至“与人为善”者，此孟子自引舜之事迹，而自解舜取人以为善之言也。言舜自耕稼于历山、陶于河滨、渔于雷泽之时以至为帝，无非取人之善谋而从之也，取诸人以为善，是亦与人为其善者也。所谓“舜耕历山，历山之人皆让畔。渔雷泽，雷泽之人皆让居。陶河滨，河滨器皆不苦窳”，是亦与人为善之事也。“故君子莫大乎与人为善”者，此孟子所以复言凡为善之君子，莫大乎与人为善也。
○注“大舜虞帝”至“同者也”。正义曰：虞，舜之国号也。云“孔子称曰巍巍”者，案《论语》有云：“巍巍乎其有成功。”孔注云：“功成化隆，高大巍也”。
○注“舜从历山及其陶渔”者。
○正义曰(yue)：此(ci)皆案《史(shi)纪·帝记》有(you)云然也。
孟子曰：“伯夷，非其君不事，非其友不友，不立于恶人之朝，不与恶人言。立于恶人之朝，与恶人言，如以朝衣朝冠坐于涂炭。推恶恶之心，思与乡人立，其冠不正，望望然去之，若将浼焉。（伯夷，孤竹君之长子，让国而隐居者也。涂，泥。炭，墨也。浼，污也。思，念也。与乡人立，见其冠不正。望望然，惭愧之貌也。去之，恐其污己也。）
是故诸侯虽有善其辞命而至者，不受也。不受也者，是亦不屑就已。（屑，洁也。《诗》云：“不我屑已。”伯夷不洁诸侯之行，故不忍就见也。殷之末世，诸侯多不义，故不就之，后乃归于西伯也。）
柳下惠，不羞污君，不卑小官，进不隐贤，必以其道。遗佚而不怨，厄穷而不悯。故曰：‘尔为尔，我为我，虽袒裼裸裎于我侧，尔焉能浼我哉？’（柳下惠，鲁公族大夫也。姓展，名禽，字季，柳下是其号也。进不隐己之贤才，必欲行其道也。悯，懑也。云善己而已，恶人何能污于我邪。）
故由由然与之偕而不自失焉，援而止之而止。援而止之而止者，是亦不屑去已。”（由由，浩浩之貌。不惮与恶人同朝并立。偕，俱也。与之俪行于朝何伤？但不失己之正心而已耳。援而止之，谓三黜不惭去也。是柳下惠不以去为洁也。）
孟子曰：“伯夷隘，柳下惠不恭。隘与不恭，君子不由也。”（伯夷隘，惧人之污来及己，故无所含容，言其大隘狭也。柳下惠轻忽时人，禽兽畜之，无欲弹正之心，言其大不恭敬也。圣人之道，不取于此，故曰君子不由也。先言二人之行，孟子乃评之耳。）
[疏]“孟子曰伯夷”至“君子不由也”。
○正义曰：此章指言伯夷、柳下惠，古之大贤，犹有所阙。介者必偏，中和为贵，纯圣能然，君子所由，尧舜是尊也。“孟子曰：伯夷非其君不事”至“是亦不屑就已”者，孟子言伯夷非已所好之君则不奉事之，非与己同志之友则不与为交友。不立于恶人之朝，是不事非其君也；不与恶人言，是不友非其友也。谓立于恶人之朝，与恶人言语，如以服其朝衣朝冠而坐于涂泥炭墨之中矣，以其有污于己也。推已恶恶之心，乃至于与乡人立，其冠有不正，且望望然惭耻而远去之，若相将有污于己也。如此，故诸侯虽有善辞命而至者，亦不受也。以其不受之者，是亦不洁而不忍就见也。故以不就为洁也。屑，洁也。“柳下惠不羞污君，不卑小官”至“是亦不屑去已”者，孟子又言柳下惠不羞耻事其污君。污君，滥恶之君也。虽居小官之位，而不卑辱，进而仕，则不隐己之贤才，必以欲行其道。虽遗佚于野，而不怨恨，虽厄之使穷困，而不哀悯，故曰尔为之尔，我为之我，虽袒裼裸裎，袭其身体于我身侧，尔又安能浼渎于我哉。以其不殊于俗，一于和而已。如此，故由由然浩浩与人偕俪而行，但不失己之正心焉。牵援而止之而则止之，以其援而止之而止，是亦不洁而去已，故以不去为洁也。“孟子曰：伯夷隘，柳下惠不恭。隘与不恭，君子不由也”者，此孟子所以复言伯夷之行失之太清而不能含容，故为狭隘；柳下惠失之太和而轻忽时人，故为不恭敬。然狭隘与不恭敬，是非先王所行之道，故君子不由用而行之也。
○注“伯夷，孤竹君之长子，让国而隐居者也”。
○正义曰：案《春秋·少阳篇》云：“伯夷姓墨名允，字公信，谥为夷。”太史公云：“伯夷、叔齐，孤竹君之二子。父欲立叔齐，及父卒，叔齐让伯夷。伯夷曰：‘父命也。’遂逃去。叔齐不肯立，亦逃之。国人立其中子。于是伯夷叔齐闻西伯昌善养老，盍往归焉。及西伯卒，武王东伐纣。伯夷、叔齐叩马而谏曰：‘父死不葬，爰及干戈，可谓孝乎？以臣弑君，可谓仁乎？’左右欲兵之。太公曰：‘此义人也。’扶而去之。武王平殷，天下宗周。伯夷、叔齐耻之，义不食周粟，隐于首阳山，采薇而食之。及饿死”者是矣。孤竹，北方之远国也，号为孤竹。案《地理志》云：“辽西有孤竹城。”应劭曰“故伯夷国”是也。
○注“柳下惠，鲁公族大夫，姓展，名禽，字季，柳下是其号”者。
○正义曰(yue)：案(an)《史记》传云：“柳下惠(hui)姓展(zhan)，名禽(qin)，鲁人(ren)也，为鲁典狱(yu)(yu)之官，任以直道。故孔子(zi)云：‘柳下惠(hui)为士师(shi)，三黜。人(ren)曰(yue)：子(zi)未可去乎？曰(yue)直道而事(shi)人(ren)，焉往而不三黜，枉道而事(shi)人(ren)，何必去父母(mu)之邦(bang)？”孔注云：“士师(shi)，典狱(yu)(yu)之官。”郑玄(xuan)亦云然。
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