列(lie)传第十(shi)八 周(zhou)弘(hong)正 弟(di)弘(hong)直
周弘(hong)正,字思行,汝南安(an)城人,晋光(guang)禄大夫顗之(zhi)九(jiu)世孙也。祖颙,齐中(zhong)(zhong)书侍郎(lang)(lang)(lang),领(ling)著作。父(fu)(fu)宝始,梁(liang)司(si)(si)徒(tu)祭酒(jiu)。弘(hong)正幼孤(gu),及弟弘(hong)让、弘(hong)直,俱为(wei)伯父(fu)(fu)侍中(zhong)(zhong)护军舍所养。年(nian)十(shi)岁,通《老子》、《周易》,舍每(mei)与谈(tan)论(lun),辄异之(zhi),曰(yue):“观(guan)汝神情颖晤,清理警发,后世知名,当出(chu)吾右(you)。”河(he)东裴(pei)子野(ye)深相赏纳,请以(yi)(yi)女妻之(zhi)。十(shi)五,召(zhao)补国子生(sheng),仍于(yu)国学讲《周易》,诸生(sheng)传(chuan)习其义。以(yi)(yi)季春入学,孟冬应举,学司(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)其日浅,弗之(zhi)许(xu)焉(yan)。博士(shi)到洽议曰(yue):“周郎(lang)(lang)(lang)年(nian)未弱冠,便自讲一经,虽(sui)曰(yue)诸生(sheng),实(shi)堪师表,无俟策试。”起(qi)家梁(liang)太(tai)学博士(shi)。晋安(an)王为(wei)丹阳(yang)尹(yin),引为(wei)主簿。出(chu)为(wei)鄴(ye)令,丁母忧去职。服阕(que),历曲阿、安(an)吉令。普通中(zhong)(zhong),初置(zhi)司(si)(si)文义郎(lang)(lang)(lang),直寿(shou)光(guang)省,以(yi)(yi)弘(hong)正为(wei)司(si)(si)义侍郎(lang)(lang)(lang)。
中大通(tong)三年,梁昭明太子薨,其嗣(si)华容公不得立,乃以晋安王为(wei)皇太子,弘(hong)正乃奏记曰:
窃闻捴谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象,起于羲、轩(xuan)爻画,揖(yi)让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源,生于尧、舜禅受,其来尚(shang)矣(yi),可得而详焉(yan)。夫以庙堂、汾水,殊途(tu)而同归,稷、契、巢、许(xu),异名而一贯,出(chu)者(zhe)称为元(yuan)首,处者(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)臣(chen),莫不内外(wai)相资,表里(li)成治,斯盖(gai)万代同规(gui),百王不易(yi)者(zhe)也(ye)。暨于三王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,浸以陵(ling)夷(yi),各亲其亲,各子其子。乃至七国争雄,刘项竞逐,皇汉扇(shan)其俗,有晋扬其波,谦(qian)(qian)让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道废,多(duo)历年所矣(yi)。夫文质递(di)变,浇淳相革,还朴反古,今也(ye)其时(shi)。
伏惟明大(da)(da)王(wang)殿(dian)下(xia)(xia),天(tian)挺将(jiang)圣(sheng),聪明神武,百(bai)辟冠冕,四海归仁。是以皇(huang)上(shang)发德音,下(xia)(xia)明诏,以大(da)(da)王(wang)为(wei)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)储副,乃天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)本焉(yan)。虽(sui)复夏启(qi)、周诵,汉储、魏两,此数君者(zhe),安足(zu)为(wei)大(da)(da)王(wang)道哉。意者(zhe)愿闻殿(dian)下(xia)(xia)抗目夷上(shang)仁之(zhi)(zhi)义,执子臧大(da)(da)贤之(zhi)(zhi)节(jie),逃玉舆而弗乘,弃万乘如脱(tuo)屣,庶改浇竞之(zhi)(zhi)俗,以大(da)(da)吴国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)风。古有其人,今(jin)闻其语,能行之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),非殿(dian)下(xia)(xia)而谁?能使无为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)化,复兴于邃古,让(rang)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)道,不坠于来叶,岂不盛欤!岂不盛欤!
弘正陋(lou)学书(shu)生(sheng),义(yi)惭稽古,家自汝、颍,世传忠(zhong)烈(lie),先人决曹掾燕抗辞九谏,高(gao)节万乘,正色三府,虽盛德之业将绝,而狂直之风未坠。是以(yi)敢布腹心,肆其愚瞽。如使刍言野说,少陈于(yu)听览,纵复委(wei)身烹鼎之下,绝命肺(fei)石之上,虽死之日(ri),犹生(sheng)之年。
其抗直守(shou)正(zheng),皆此类也。
累迁(qian)国子博士。时于(yu)(yu)(yu)城西立士林馆(guan),弘正居以(yi)讲授(shou),听者倾朝野(ye)焉。弘正启(qi)梁武帝《周易(yi)》疑义(yi)五(wu)十条,又请(qing)释《乾(qian)》、《坤(kun)(kun)》、《二(er)系(xi)》曰(yue):“臣(chen)闻《易(yi)》称立以(yi)尽(jin)(jin)(jin)意,系(xi)辞以(yi)尽(jin)(jin)(jin)言(yan),然后知圣人(ren)之情,几(ji)可见(jian)矣。自(zi)非(fei)含微(wei)体极,尽(jin)(jin)(jin)化穷(qiong)神,岂能通志成(cheng)务(wu),探赜致远。而(er)(er)宣(xuan)尼比之桎梏,绝韦编于(yu)(yu)(yu)漆(qi)字,轩辕之所听莹,遗玄(xuan)珠于(yu)(yu)(yu)赤水(shui)。伏惟陛下(xia)一(yi)日万机,匪(fei)劳神于(yu)(yu)(yu)瞬息,凝心妙本(ben),常自(zi)得于(yu)(yu)(yu)天真,圣智无(wu)(wu)以(yi)隐其(qi)(qi)几(ji)深(shen)(shen),明神无(wu)(wu)以(yi)沦其(qi)(qi)不(bu)测。至(zhi)若爻(yao)(yao)画之苞于(yu)(yu)(yu)《六经》,文辞之穷(qiong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)《两(liang)系(xi)》,名儒剧谈(tan)以(yi)历载,鸿(hong)生抵掌以(yi)终年,莫有(you)试游其(qi)(qi)籓(fan),未尝一(yi)见(jian)其(qi)(qi)涘。自(zi)制(zhi)旨(zhi)(zhi)降谈(tan),裁成(cheng)《易(yi)》道(dao),析至(zhi)微(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)秋毫,涣曾冰于(yu)(yu)(yu)幽(you)(you)谷。臣(chen)亲承(cheng)音旨(zhi)(zhi),职司宣(xuan)授(shou),后进诜诜,不(bu)无(wu)(wu)传(chuan)业。但《乾(qian)》、《坤(kun)(kun)》之蕴未剖(pou),《系(xi)》表之妙莫诠,使一(yi)经深(shen)(shen)致,尚多(duo)所惑。臣(chen)不(bu)涯庸浅(qian),轻率短陋,谨与受业诸生清河(he)张讥(ji)等(deng)三百一(yi)十二(er)人(ren),于(yu)(yu)(yu)《乾(qian)》、《坤(kun)(kun)》、《二(er)系(xi)》、《象(xiang)(xiang)》、《爻(yao)(yao)》未启(qi),伏愿听览之闲,曲垂提训,得使微(wei)臣(chen)钻仰,成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)笃习,后昆好事(shi),专门有(you)奉(feng)。自(zi)惟多(duo)幸(xing),欢(huan)沐(mu)道(dao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)尧年,肄业终身,不(bu)知老(lao)之将至(zhi)。天尊不(bu)闻,而(er)(er)冒陈(chen)请(qing),冰谷置怀,罔识攸厝。”诏答(da)曰(yue):“设《卦》观(guan)象(xiang)(xiang),事(shi)远文高,作(zuo)《系(xi)》表言(yan),辞深(shen)(shen)理奥,东(dong)鲁(lu)绝编之思,西伯幽(you)(you)忧之作(zuo),事(shi)逾三古,人(ren)更七(qi)圣,自(zi)商(shang)瞿禀承(cheng),子庸传(chuan)授(shou),篇简湮没(mei),岁月(yue)辽远。田生表菑川(chuan)之誉(yu),梁丘擅琅(lang)邪之学,代郡范生,山阳王氏,人(ren)藏荆山之宝,各尽(jin)(jin)(jin)玄(xuan)言(yan)之趣,说(shuo)或(huo)去取,意有(you)详(xiang)略(lve)。近搢(jin)绅之学,咸有(you)稽疑,随答(da)所问(wen),已具(ju)别解(jie)。知与张讥(ji)等(deng)三百一(yi)十二(er)人(ren)须(xu)释《乾(qian)》、《坤(kun)(kun)》、《文言(yan)》及(ji)《二(er)系(xi)》,万机小暇(xia),试当(dang)讨论。”
弘(hong)正(zheng)博物知(zhi)玄象,善占候。大同末,尝谓弟(di)弘(hong)让(rang)曰(yue):“国家厄运,数(shu)年当有(you)(you)兵起,吾(wu)与(yu)(yu)汝不(bu)知(zhi)何所逃之(zhi)(zhi)。”及梁武帝(di)纳侯景,弘(hong)正(zheng)谓弘(hong)让(rang)曰(yue):“乱阶此矣。”京(jing)(jing)城陷,弘(hong)直(zhi)为衡阳内(nei)史,元帝(di)在(zai)江陵(ling),遗弘(hong)直(zhi)书(shu)曰(yue):“适有(you)(you)都信(xin),贤(xian)兄(xiong)博士(shi)平(ping)安。但京(jing)(jing)师搢绅,无(wu)不(bu)附(fu)逆,王(wang)克已为家臣,陆缅身充(chong)卒伍(wu),唯有(you)(you)周(zhou)生,确乎不(bu)拔。言及西(xi)军,潺湲掩泪,恒思吾(wu)至,如望(wang)岁(sui)焉,松柏后凋(diao),一人而已。”王(wang)僧(seng)辩之(zhi)(zhi)讨侯景也,弘(hong)正(zheng)与(yu)(yu)弘(hong)让(rang)自拔迎(ying)军,僧(seng)辩得之(zhi)(zhi)甚喜(xi),即日启元帝(di),元帝(di)手书(shu)与(yu)(yu)弘(hong)正(zheng)曰(yue): “獯丑逆乱,寒暑亟(ji)离,海内(nei)相识,零落略(lve)尽(jin)。韩(han)非之(zhi)(zhi)智(zhi),不(bu)免秦(qin)狱,刘歆(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)学,犹弊(bi)亡新(xin),音(yin)尘不(bu)嗣,每以耿灼。常欲访(fang)山东而寻子(zi)云,问(wen)关西(xi)而求伯起,遇有(you)(you)今信(xin),力附(fu)相闻,迟比来邮,慰其延伫。”仍遣(qian)使迎(ying)之(zhi)(zhi),谓朝士(shi)曰(yue):“晋氏平(ping)吴,喜(xi)获二陆,今我破贼,亦得两周(zhou),今古一时,足(zu)为连类。”及弘(hong)正(zheng)至,礼数(shu)甚优,朝臣无(wu)与(yu)(yu)比者。授黄门(men)侍郎,直(zhi)侍中省(sheng)。俄迁左民尚书(shu),寻加(jia)散(san)骑常侍。
元帝尝著《金楼子》,曰:“余于(yu)诸僧(seng)重招(zhao)提琰法师,隐士(shi)重华阳陶贞白,士(shi)大夫重汝(ru)南周弘正,其于(yu)义理(li),清(qing)转无穷,亦一时之名(ming)士(shi)也。”及侯景平,僧(seng)辩(bian)启送秘书图籍(ji),敕弘正雠校(xiao)。
时朝(chao)议(yi)迁都,朝(chao)士(shi)家(jia)在荆州者,皆(jie)(jie)不欲迁,唯(wei)弘正(zheng)与仆射王裒言于元(yuan)帝(di)(di)曰(yue): “若束脩以上诸士(shi)大夫微见古今者,知(zhi)帝(di)(di)王所都本无定(ding)处,无所与疑。至如黔首万姓(xing),若未(wei)见舆驾入建鄴,谓是(shi)列(lie)国诸王,未(wei)名(ming)天子。今宜赴百姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)心,从四海之(zhi)(zhi)望。” 时荆陕人(ren)(ren)士(shi)咸云王、周皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)东人(ren)(ren),志愿东下,恐非良计(ji)。弘正(zheng)面折之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“若东人(ren)(ren)劝东,谓为非计(ji),君等西(xi)人(ren)(ren)欲西(xi),岂成良策?”元(yuan)帝(di)(di)乃大笑之(zhi)(zhi),竟不还都。
及江(jiang)陵陷,弘(hong)正遁围而出(chu),归于京师(shi)(shi),敬(jing)帝以为大司马王僧辩长(zhang)史,行扬州事(shi)(shi)。太(tai)平元年(nian),授(shou)(shou)侍(shi)中,领国子(zi)祭(ji)(ji)酒,迁太(tai)常(chang)卿(qing)、都官尚书。高(gao)祖受禅,授(shou)(shou)太(tai)子(zi)詹事(shi)(shi)。天嘉元年(nian),迁侍(shi)中、国子(zi)祭(ji)(ji)酒,往(wang)长(zhang)安迎(ying)高(gao)宗。三年(nian),自周还,诏授(shou)(shou)金紫光禄大夫,加(jia)金章紫绶,领慈训太(tai)仆。废帝嗣位,领都官尚书,总知五礼事(shi)(shi)。仍(reng)授(shou)(shou)太(tai)傅长(zhang)史,加(jia)明威(wei)将军。高(gao)宗即位,迁特进,重领国子(zi)祭(ji)(ji)酒,豫(yu)州大中正,加(jia)扶。太(tai)建(jian)五年(nian),授(shou)(shou)尚书右仆射,祭(ji)(ji)酒、中正如故。寻敕(chi)侍(shi)东宫讲《论语》、《孝经》。太(tai)子(zi)以弘(hong)正朝(chao)廷(ting)旧臣(chen),德望(wang)素重,于是降情屈(qu)礼,横经请益(yi),有(you)师(shi)(shi)资之敬(jing)焉。
弘(hong)正(zheng)特善玄言,兼(jian)明释典,虽硕学名(ming)僧,莫(mo)不请(qing)质疑滞。六年(nian),卒(zu)于官(guan)(guan),时年(nian)七(qi)十九。诏(zhao)曰(yue):“追远(yuan)褒德,抑有恒(heng)规。故(gu)尚书(shu)右(you)仆射(she)、领(ling)国(guo)子(zi)祭酒、豫(yu)州大中(zhong)正(zheng)弘(hong)正(zheng),识宇凝深(shen),艺业通备,辞林义府(fu),国(guo)老(lao)民宗,道映庠门(men),望高(gao)礼阁(ge),卒(zu)然殂殒,朕(zhen)用恻(ce)然。可赠(zeng)侍中(zhong)、中(zhong)书(shu)监,丧事所(suo)须,量(liang)加资给(ji)。”便出临哭(ku)。谥曰(yue)简子(zi)。所(suo)著《周易讲疏(shu)》十六卷(juan),《论语(yu)疏(shu)》十一卷(juan),《庄子(zi)疏(shu)》八卷(juan),《老(lao)子(zi)疏(shu)》五卷(juan),《孝经疏(shu)》两卷(juan),《集》二十卷(juan),行于世。子(zi)坟,官(guan)(guan)至吏部郎。
弘(hong)(hong)正二(er)弟:弘(hong)(hong)让(rang),弘(hong)(hong)直。弘(hong)(hong)让(rang)性简(jian)素,博学多通,天嘉初(chu),以白衣领太常卿、光禄大夫,加金章紫绶。
弘(hong)直字思方(fang),幼而聪敏。解(jie)褐梁太学博士,稍迁(qian)(qian)西中郎湘(xiang)东王(wang)(wang)外兵(bing)记(ji)(ji)室参军(jun),与东海鲍(bao)泉、南阳宗懔、平(ping)原刘缓(huan)、沛郡刘同(tong)掌书记(ji)(ji)。入(ru)为尚(shang)书仪曹郎。湘(xiang)东王(wang)(wang)出镇(zhen)江(jiang)、荆二州,累除(chu)录事咨(zi)议(yi)参军(jun),带柴(chai)桑、当阳二县令。及梁元帝承(cheng)制,授(shou)假节(jie)、英(ying)果(guo)将(jiang)军(jun)、世子长(zhang)(zhang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。寻(xun)除(chu)智(zhi)武(wu)将(jiang)军(jun)、衡阳内史(shi)(shi)(shi)。迁(qian)(qian)贞毅将(jiang)军(jun)、平(ping)南长(zhang)(zhang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)、长(zhang)(zhang)沙(sha)内史(shi)(shi)(shi),行湘(xiang)州府州事,湘(xiang)滨(bin)县侯,邑六百(bai)户。历邵陵、零陵太守、云(yun)麾将(jiang)军(jun)、昌州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。王(wang)(wang)琳(lin)之(zhi)举兵(bing)也,弘(hong)直在湘(xiang)州,琳(lin)败,乃还朝(chao)。天嘉中,历国子博士、庐(lu)陵王(wang)(wang)长(zhang)(zhang)史(shi)(shi)(shi)、尚(shang)书左丞、领羽林监(jian)、中散大(da)(da)夫、秘书监(jian),掌国史(shi)(shi)(shi)。迁(qian)(qian)太常卿、光禄大(da)(da)夫,加金章紫绶。
太建七(qi)年(nian),遇疾且(qie)卒(zu),乃遗疏敕其家曰:“吾今年(nian)已来,筋力(li)减耗(hao),可谓(wei)衰矣,而好生之(zhi)情,曾不自觉,唯务行乐,不知老之(zhi)将至。今时制(zhi)云及,将同(tong)朝(chao)露(lu),七(qi)十馀(yu)年(nian),颇(po)经(jing)称足,启手告全,差无遗恨(hen)。气绝已后(hou),便买市(shi)中见材(cai),材(cai)必须小形者,使易提挈。敛以时服,古人(ren)通制(zhi),但下见先人(ren),必须备(bei)礼,可著(zhu)单衣裙衫(shan)故履。既(ji)应侍养,宜备(bei)纷兑,或逢善友,又须香烟,棺内唯安白布(bu)手巾、粗香炉而已,其外一(yi)无所用(yong)。”卒(zu)于(yu)家,时年(nian)七(qi)十六。有集(ji)二十卷。子确。
确字士潜,美容仪,宽大(da)有(you)行检,博涉经史,笃好玄言(yan),世父(fu)弘正特所钟爱(ai)。解褐(he)梁太(tai)学博士、司(si)徒祭酒、晋安王(wang)主簿。高(gao)祖(zu)受禅,除(chu)尚书殿中(zhong)郎,累迁安成王(wang)限内(nei)记室。高(gao)宗即位,授(shou)东宫(gong)通(tong)事舍(she)人(ren),丁母忧,去职。及欧阳纥平,起为(wei)中(zhong)书舍(she)人(ren),命于广州慰劳,服阕(que),为(wei)太(tai)常卿。历太(tai)子中(zhong)庶子、尚书左(zuo)丞、太(tai)子家令,以父(fu)忧去职。寻起为(wei)贞威(wei)将(jiang)军、吴(wu)令,确固辞不之官(guan)。至德(de)元年,授(shou)太(tai)子左(zuo)卫率、中(zhong)书舍(she)人(ren),迁散骑常侍,加(jia)贞威(wei)将(jiang)军、信州南平王(wang)府长史,行扬(yang)州事,为(wei)政平允,称为(wei)良吏。迁都官(guan)尚书。祯明初,遘(gou)疾、卒于官(guan),时年五(wu)十九。诏赠散骑常侍、太(tai)常卿,官(guan)给(ji)丧事。
袁宪,字德章,尚书左仆(pu)射枢之(zhi)弟也(ye)。幼聪敏,好学(xue),有雅量。梁(liang)武(wu)帝修建(jian)庠序(xu),别开五(wu)馆,其一馆在宪宅(zhai)西(xi),宪常(chang)招(zhao)引诸(zhu)生,与之(zhi)谈论(lun),每有新议,出人意表(biao),同辈咸嗟服焉。
大同八年(nian),武帝撰《孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言章句》,诏下(xia)国(guo)(guo)学,宣制(zhi)旨义(yi)(yi)。宪(xian)(xian)(xian)时年(nian)十(shi)四(si),被召为国(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)《正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言》生(sheng)(sheng),谒(ye)祭酒到溉(gai),溉(gai)目而(er)送之(zhi),爱其(qi)神(shen)彩。在(zai)学一岁,国(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)博士周弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓宪(xian)(xian)(xian)父君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰:“贤子(zi)(zi)(zi)今兹欲策(ce)试不?”君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰:“经义(yi)(yi)犹浅,未敢令试。” 居数日(ri),君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)遣门下(xia)客岑文豪与(yu)(yu)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)候弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),会(hui)弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)将登讲坐,弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)毕(bi)集,乃延(yan)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)入室,授以(yi)麈(zhu)尾,令宪(xian)(xian)(xian)树义(yi)(yi)。时谢岐(qi)、何妥在(zai)坐,弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓曰:“二贤虽穷(qiong)奥赜(ze),得(de)无惮此后生(sheng)(sheng)耶!”何、谢于(yu)是递起(qi)义(yi)(yi)端,深极理致(zhi),宪(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)往复数番,酬对(dui)闲敏。弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓妥曰:“恣(zi)卿所问,勿(wu)以(yi)童稚相期。”时学众满堂,观者(zhe)重(zhong)沓,而(er)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)神(shen)色自若,辩(bian)论有(you)馀(yu)。弘(hong)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)请起(qi)数难(nan),终不能屈,因告文豪曰:“卿还(hai)咨袁吴郡,此郎已堪(kan)见(jian)代为博士矣(yi)(yi)。”时生(sheng)(sheng)徒对(dui)策(ce),多行贿赂,文豪请具束脩,君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰:“我岂能用(yong)钱为儿买(mai)第(di)耶?”学司衔之(zhi)。及(ji)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)试,争起(qi)剧难(nan),宪(xian)(xian)(xian)随问抗(kang)答,剖(pou)析(xi)如流,到溉(gai)顾(gu)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)曰: “袁君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)有(you)后矣(yi)(yi)。”及(ji)君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)将之(zhi)吴郡,溉(gai)祖道于(yu)征(zheng)虏亭,谓君正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曰:“昨(zuo)策(ce)生(sheng)(sheng)萧(xiao)敏孙、徐孝克,非(fei)不解义(yi)(yi),至于(yu)风神(shen)器局(ju),去贤子(zi)(zi)(zi)远矣(yi)(yi)。”寻举(ju)高第(di)。以(yi)贵公子(zi)(zi)(zi)选尚南沙公主(zhu),即梁简(jian)文之(zhi)女也。
大同(tong)元(yuan)年(nian),释褐秘书郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)。太清二年(nian),迁太子舍人。侯景寇(kou)逆,宪东之吴(wu)郡,寻丁父忧,哀(ai)毁过礼。敬帝(di)承制,征授尚书殿中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)。高祖(zu)作相,除司徒户(hu)曹(cao)。永(yong)定(ding)元(yuan)年(nian),授中(zhong)书侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang),兼散(san)骑常侍(shi)。与(yu)黄(huang)门(men)侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)王(wang)瑜使(shi)齐,数(shu)年(nian)不遣,天嘉初乃还。四年(nian),诏复中(zhong)书侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang),直侍(shi)中(zhong)省。太建元(yuan)年(nian),除给事(shi)黄(huang)门(men)侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang),仍(reng)知太常事(shi)。二年(nian),转尚书吏(li)部侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang),寻除散(san)骑常侍(shi),侍(shi)东宫。三年(nian),迁御史中(zhong)丞,领羽林监。时豫(yu)章王(wang)叔英不奉法度,逼取人马(ma),宪依事(shi)劾奏,叔英由是坐免黜,自是朝(chao)野皆严惮(dan)焉。
宪详练朝章,尤(you)明听(ting)断,至有(you)狱情未(wei)尽(jin)而(er)(er)有(you)司具法者,即伺闲暇,常为上言之(zhi),其(qi)所申(shen)理(li)者甚众(zhong)。尝陪(pei)宴承(cheng)香阁(ge),宾退(tui)之(zhi)后,高宗(zong)留(liu)宪与卫尉樊俊(jun)徙席山亭,谈宴终日。高宗(zong)目(mu)宪而(er)(er)谓俊(jun)曰“袁家(jia)故(gu)为有(you)人”,其(qi)见重如此(ci)。
五年,入(ru)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侍(shi)中。六年,除吴郡太守,以父任固(gu)辞不拜,改授(shou)明威(wei)将军、南康内史(shi)。九年,秩(zhi)满,除散骑(qi)常侍(shi),兼吏(li)部尚书(shu),寻而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)真。宪(xian)(xian)(xian)以久居清(qing)显(xian),累表自求解任。高宗(zong)曰(yue):“诸(zhu)人在职,屡有谤(bang)书(shu)。卿(qing)处事(shi)已多,可谓清(qing)白(bai),别相甄录(lu),且(qie)勿致辞。”十三年,迁(qian)右仆(pu)射(she)(she),参掌选事(shi)。先是(shi)(shi)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)长兄(xiong)简(jian)懿(yi)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)左仆(pu)射(she)(she),至是(shi)(shi)宪(xian)(xian)(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)右仆(pu)射(she)(she),台(tai)省内目(mu)简(jian)懿(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大仆(pu)射(she)(she),宪(xian)(xian)(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小仆(pu)射(she)(she),朝廷荣之(zhi)。
及高宗不豫,宪与吏部(bu)尚(shang)书毛(mao)喜(xi)俱受顾命。始兴王叔陵之肆逆也,宪指麾部(bu)分,预有力焉。后主(zhu)被疮病笃,执宪手(shou)曰:“我儿尚(shang)幼(you),后事委卿。”宪曰:“群情喁喁,冀圣躬(gong)康复,后事之旨,未敢奉诏。”以功封建安县伯(bo),邑四百户,领太子中庶子,馀并如故。寻除(chu)侍中、信威将军、太子詹事。
至德元年,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)加元服,二年,行(xing)释奠之(zhi)礼,宪(xian)于是表请解(jie)职(zhi),后主(zhu)不许(xu),给扶二人(ren)(ren),进号云麾(hui)将(jiang)军,置(zhi)佐史(shi)。皇太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)颇不率典训(xun),宪(xian)手(shou)表陈谏凡十(shi)条,皆(jie)援引古今(jin),言(yan)辞(ci)切直,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)虽外(wai)示容(rong)纳,而心无(wu)悛改。后主(zhu)欲立(li)宠姬张贵(gui)妃(fei)子(zi)(zi)始安王(wang)为(wei)嗣,尝从容(rong)言(yan)之(zhi),吏部(bu)尚书蔡徵顺旨称赏,宪(xian)厉色折之(zhi)曰:“皇太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)国家储嗣,亿兆宅心。卿是何人(ren)(ren),轻言(yan)废立(li)!”夏,竟废太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)吴兴王(wang)。后主(zhu)知宪(xian)有规谏之(zhi)事,叹曰“袁德章实(shi)骨鲠之(zhi)臣”,即日诏为(wei)尚书仆射。
祯明(ming)三年,隋军来伐(fa),隋将贺若弼进烧宫(gong)城北(bei)掖(ye)门,宫(gong)卫(wei)皆散走,朝(chao)士稍各引去,惟宪(xian)卫(wei)侍左右(you)。后(hou)主谓宪(xian)曰(yue):“我从(cong)来待卿(qing)不先馀人(ren),今日见卿(qing),可谓岁寒知松(song)柏(bo)后(hou)凋也。”后(hou)主遑遽将避匿,宪(xian)正色曰(yue):“北(bei)兵之(zhi)入,必无所犯,大(da)事如此,陛(bi)下(xia)安之(zhi)。臣(chen)愿陛(bi)下(xia)正衣冠,御前殿,依梁武(wu)见侯景故事。”后(hou)主不从(cong),因下(xia)榻驰去。宪(xian)从(cong)后(hou)堂景阳(yang)殿入,后(hou)主投下(xia)井中,宪(xian)拜哭而出(chu)。
京城陷(xian),入于隋(sui)(sui),隋(sui)(sui)授使(shi)持节、昌州诸军(jun)(jun)事、开府仪同三(san)司、昌州刺史(shi)。开皇十(shi)四年,诏(zhao)授晋(jin)王府长史(shi)。十(shi)八年卒,时年七十(shi)。赠(zeng)大将军(jun)(jun),安城郡公,谥(shi)曰简。长子(zi)承家(jia),仕(shi)隋(sui)(sui)至秘书(shu)丞、国子(zi)司业。
史臣曰:梁(liang)元帝(di)称(cheng)士大(da)夫中重汝南周弘正,信(xin)哉斯(si)言(yan)也!观其雅量标举,尤善玄(xuan)言(yan),亦一代之(zhi)国师矣。袁宪风格整峻(jun),徇义履道。韩子称(cheng)为人臣委质,心无(wu)有二(er)。宪弗渝终始,良可嘉焉。
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