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陈书 列传第二十七 儒林 在线阅读

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列传第二十七 儒林

沈文阿(a) 沈洙(zhu) 戚衮(gun) 郑灼(zhuo) 张(zhang)崖 陆诩 沈德威 贺德基(ji) 全缓 张(zhang)讥 顾越 沈不(bu)害 王元规(gui)

盖(gai)(gai)今儒(ru)(ru)(ru)者,本因古之(zhi)六学(xue),斯则王教之(zhi)典籍(ji),先圣(sheng)所以(yi)(yi)明天道,正人伦,致治之(zhi)成法也。秦始皇焚书坑儒(ru)(ru)(ru),六学(xue)自(zi)此(ci)缺矣(yi)。汉武(wu)(wu)帝(di)立《五经》博士,置(zhi)弟子员,设(she)科射策,劝以(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)禄,其传业(ye)者甚众焉。自(zi)两汉登贤,咸资经术。魏、晋浮荡(dang),儒(ru)(ru)(ru)教沦歇(xie),公卿士庶,罕(han)通经业(ye)矣(yi)。宋、齐之(zhi)间,国(guo)学(xue)时复开置(zhi)。梁武(wu)(wu)帝(di)开五馆,建国(guo)学(xue),总(zong)以(yi)(yi)《五经》教授,经各(ge)置(zhi)助教云(yun)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)或纡銮驾,临幸(xing)庠序,释(shi)奠(dian)先师(shi),躬亲试(shi)胄,申之(zhi)宴语,劳(lao)之(zhi)束(shu)帛,济(ji)济(ji)焉斯盖(gai)(gai)一(yi)代之(zhi)盛矣(yi)。高(gao)祖创(chuang)业(ye)开基,承前(qian)代离乱,衣冠殄尽,寇贼(zei)未宁,既(ji)日不暇给,弗遑劝课。世(shi)祖以(yi)(yi)降,稍置(zhi)学(xue)官(guan)(guan),虽博延生徒,成业(ye)盖(gai)(gai)寡(gua)。今之(zhi)采缀(zhui),盖(gai)(gai)亦梁之(zhi)遗儒(ru)(ru)(ru)云(yun)。

沈文阿,字国(guo)卫,吴兴武康(kang)人也。父峻,以(yi)儒学闻于梁世(shi),授桂州刺史,不行。文阿性刚强,有膂力,少习(xi)父业,研精(jing)章句。祖舅太史叔明、舅王慧兴并通经术,而文阿颇传(chuan)之。又博采(cai)先儒异同,自为义疏(shu)。治《三礼》、《三传(chuan)》。察孝廉,为梁临川王国(guo)侍郎(lang),累(lei)迁兼国(guo)子助教(jiao)、《五经》博士。

梁简文(wen)在东宫(gong),引为(wei)学(xue)士(shi),深相(xiang)礼遇,及(ji)撰《长(zhang)春(chun)义记》,多使文(wen)阿撮异闻以广之。及(ji)侯(hou)景(jing)(jing)寇逆,简文(wen)别遣(qian)文(wen)阿招募(mu)士(shi)卒(zu),入援京师。城陷,与张(zhang)乘共保(bao)吴兴(xing),乘败,文(wen)阿窜(cuan)于山野。景(jing)(jing)素闻其名。求(qiu)之甚急,文(wen)阿穷迫不知所出,登树自(zi)(zi)缢,遇有所亲(qin)救(jiu)之,便自(zi)(zi)投而下,折其左臂。及(ji)景(jing)(jing)平,高(gao)祖以文(wen)阿州里,表为(wei)原(yuan)乡令,监江阴郡。

绍泰元(yuan)年,入为(wei)国子博士,寻领步兵校尉,兼掌仪(yi)礼。自太清之(zhi)乱,台阁故事,无有(you)存者,文(wen)阿(a)(a)父峻,梁武世(shi)尝掌朝仪(yi),颇有(you)遗稿,于是斟酌(zhuo)裁撰,礼度皆(jie)自之(zhi)出(chu)。及高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)受禅,文(wen)阿(a)(a)辄弃官还武康,高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)大怒,发使往诛之(zhi)。时(shi)文(wen)阿(a)(a)宗(zong)人沈恪为(wei)郡,请使者宽其死,即(ji)面缚锁颈致(zhi)于高(gao)(gao)祖(zu),高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)视而笑(xiao)曰:“腐(fu)儒复何(he)为(wei)者?”遂赦之(zhi)。

高(gao)祖崩,文(wen)阿与尚书(shu)左丞徐(xu)陵、中书(shu)舍(she)人刘师知(zhi)等(deng)议大行皇帝灵座侠御衣服之制(zhi),语在(zai)师知(zhi)传。及(ji)世祖即皇帝位,克日谒庙,尚书(shu)右丞庾(yu)持奉(feng)诏遣(qian)博(bo)士议其(qi)礼。文(wen)阿议曰:

民物推移,质文殊轨,圣贤(xian)因机而立教,王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)随时以(yi)适宜。夫千人无君(jun),不(bu)散(san)则(ze)乱(luan),万乘无主(zhu),不(bu)危则(ze)亡。当隆周之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),公(gong)旦叔父,吕、召爪牙,成王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)丧(sang),祸几覆国。是以(yi)既(ji)葬便有公(gong)冠之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),始殡受麻冕之(zhi)(zhi)策。斯盖(gai)示天下(xia)以(yi)有主(zhu),虑社稷之(zhi)(zhi)艰难。逮乎末叶纵(zong)横(heng),汉承其弊,虽文、景刑厝(cuo),而七国连兵。或逾月(yue)即(ji)尊,或崩日(ri)称诏,此皆有为而为之(zhi)(zhi),非无心于(yu)礼(li)制也(ye)。今(jin)国讳之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),虽抑(yi)哀于(yu)玺绂(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)重,犹未序于(yu)君(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)。古礼(li),朝庙退坐(zuo)正寝(qin),听群(qun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng),今(jin)皇帝拜庙还,宜御太极(ji)殿,以(yi)正南面之(zhi)(zhi)尊,此即(ji)周康(kang)在(zai)朝一二(er)臣卫者也(ye)。其壤奠(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)节,周礼(li)以(yi)玉作(zuo)贽,公(gong)侯以(yi)圭,子(zi)男执璧,此瑞(rui)玉也(ye)。奠(dian)贽既(ji)竟,又复致享,天子(zi)以(yi)璧,王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)用琮(cong)。秦烧(shao)经(jing)典,威仪(yi)散(san)灭(mie),叔孙通定礼(li),尤(you)失前宪(xian),奠(dian)贽不(bu)圭,致享无帛,公(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)同璧,鸿胪奏贺(he)。若(ruo)此数事,未闻于(yu)古,后(hou)相沿袭,至梁行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。夫称觞奉(feng)寿,家国大庆,四厢雅乐(le),歌奏欢欣(xin)。今(jin)君(jun)臣吞哀,万民抑(yi)割(ge),岂同于(yu)惟新之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)乎?且周康(kang)宾(bin)称奉(feng)圭,无万寿之(zhi)(zhi)献,此则(ze)前准明(ming)矣(yi)。三宿三咤(zha),上宗曰飨,斯盖(gai)祭傧受福,宁谓贺(he)酒(jiu)邪!愚以(yi)今(jin)坐(zuo)正殿,止行(xing)荐(jian)璧之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),无贺(he)酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。谨撰(zhuan)谒庙还升(sheng)正寝(qin)、群(qun)臣陪(pei)荐(jian)仪(yi)注如别。

诏(zhao)可施行(xing)。寻迁通直散骑(qi)常侍,兼国子博士,领(ling)羽林监,仍令于(yu)东宫(gong)讲《孝经》、《论(lun)语》。天(tian)嘉四年(nian)(nian)卒,时年(nian)(nian)六十一(yi)。诏(zhao)赠廷尉卿。

文阿所撰《仪礼》八十馀卷(juan)(juan),《经典大(da)义》十八卷(juan)(juan),并行于世,诸儒多(duo)传其学。

沈洙(zhu),字弘道,吴兴武康人也。祖(zu)休稚,梁(liang)馀杭令。父(fu)山卿(qing),梁(liang)国子博士(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)散大(da)(da)夫。洙(zhu)少方(fang)雅(ya)好学,不妄交(jiao)游。治《三礼》、《春(chun)秋左氏(shi)传》。精识强记(ji),《五经(jing)》章句(ju),诸子史(shi)书(shu),问无(wu)不答。解巾梁(liang)湘东王国左常侍(shi),转中(zhong)(zhong)军宣(xuan)城王限内参军,板仁威临(lin)贺(he)王记(ji)室参军,迁尚书(shu)祠部郎中(zhong)(zhong),时年盖二(er)十馀。大(da)(da)同中(zhong)(zhong),学者(zhe)多涉(she)猎(lie)文史(shi),不为章句(ju),而洙(zhu)独积思(si)经(jing)术,吴郡(jun)硃异(yi)、会(hui)稽(ji)贺(he)琛甚嘉之(zhi)。及异(yi)、琛于(yu)士(shi)林馆讲(jiang)制旨义,常使洙(zhu)为都讲(jiang)。侯景之(zhi)乱,洙(zhu)窜于(yu)临(lin)安(an),时世祖(zu)在焉,亲就习业。及高祖(zu)入辅,除(chu)国子博士(shi),与沈文阿同掌仪礼。

高祖受(shou)禅,加员外散骑常(chang)侍(shi),历扬州别(bie)驾(jia)从事史、大匠卿。有(you)(you)司奏前宁远(yuan)将军(jun)、建康令沈孝(xiao)轨(gui)门生陈(chen)三儿(er)牒称主(zhu)人(ren)翁灵(ling)柩在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou),主(zhu)人(ren)奉使(shi)关(guan)内,因欲迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),久而(er)(er)(er)未(wei)返。此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)晦(hui)即是再(zai)周(zhou)(zhou),主(zhu)人(ren)弟(di)(di)息见在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe),为至(zhi)月(yue)末除(chu)(chu)(chu)灵(ling),内外即吉?为待主(zhu)人(ren)还(hai)情礼(li)(li)申(shen)竟?以(yi)事谘左丞江德藻(zao),德藻(zao)议:“王卫军(jun)云(yun)(yun):‘久丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)(zang),唯主(zhu)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)变,其馀(yu)亲各终月(yue)数(shu)而(er)(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)(chu)。’此(ci)(ci)(ci)盖(gai)引《礼(li)(li)》文论在(zai)家(jia)内有(you)(you)事故未(wei)得葬(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)耳。孝(xiao)轨(gui)既在(zai)异域(yu),虽已迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),还(hai)期无指(zhi),诸弟(di)(di)若(ruo)遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)(chu),永绝婚嫁,此(ci)(ci)(ci)于人(ren)情,或(huo)(huo)为未(wei)允。中原沦陷已后,理有(you)(you)事例(li),宜(yi)(yi)谘沈常(chang)侍(shi)详议。”洙议曰:“礼(li)(li)有(you)(you)变正,又有(you)(you)从宜(yi)(yi)。《礼(li)(li)小记》云(yun)(yun):‘久而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe),唯主(zhu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)(chu),其馀(yu)以(yi)麻(ma)终月(yue)数(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)则已。’《注》云(yun)(yun):‘其馀(yu)谓傍亲。’如郑所(suo)解,众(zhong)子皆应(ying)不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)(chu),王卫军(jun)所(suo)引,此(ci)(ci)(ci)盖(gai)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正也。但魏氏东关(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,既失亡(wang)尸柩,葬(zang)(zang)礼(li)(li)无期,议以(yi)为礼(li)(li)无终身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),故制使(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)服(fu)。晋氏丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)乱,或(huo)(huo)死于虏庭,无由(you)迎殡,江左故复申(shen)明其制。李胤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖,王华之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父,并存亡(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)测(ce),其子制服(fu)依时释(shi)縗,此(ci)(ci)(ci)并变礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)也。孝(xiao)轨(gui)虽因奉使(shi)便欲迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),而(er)(er)(er)戎(rong)狄难亲,还(hai)期未(wei)克。愚谓宜(yi)(yi)依东关(guan)故事,在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)国内者(zhe)(zhe),并应(ying)释(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)縗麻(ma),毁(hui)灵(ling)附祭(ji),若(ruo)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)柩得还(hai),别(bie)行改葬(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。自(zi)天下寇乱,西(xi)朝倾覆(fu),流播绝域(yu),情礼(li)(li)莫申(shen),若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu),谅非一二,宁可丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)期无数(shu),而(er)(er)(er)弗除(chu)(chu)(chu)衰(shuai)服(fu),朝庭自(zi)应(ying)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限制,以(yi)义断恩,通访博(bo)识,折之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)衷。”德藻(zao)依洙议,奏可。

世(shi)祖(zu)即位,迁(qian)通直散骑(qi)常侍(shi),侍(shi)东宫读(du)。寻兼尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)左(zuo)丞,领扬州大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng),迁(qian)光(guang)禄卿,侍(shi)读(du)如故。废帝(di)嗣位,重(zhong)为通直散骑(qi)常侍(shi),兼尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)左(zuo)丞。迁(qian)戎昭将军、轻(qing)车衡(heng)阳王(wang)长(zhang)(zhang)史,行府国事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),带琅邪、彭城二(er)(er)郡(jun)丞。梁代(dai)旧(jiu)律(lv),测(ce)(ce)囚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),日(ri)(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),起(qi)自(zi)晡鼓(gu),尽于(yu)二(er)(er)更。及(ji)比(bi)(bi)部郎(lang)范泉(quan)删定律(lv)令,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旧(jiu)法(fa)测(ce)(ce)立(li)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)久(jiu),非(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)堪,分(fen)其(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)数,日(ri)(ri)(ri)再上(shang)(shang)(shang)。廷(ting)尉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)轻(qing),请(qing)集(ji)八(ba)座丞郎(lang)并(bing)祭(ji)酒孔奂、行事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沈洙五舍(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)会(hui)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)省详(xiang)议(yi)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)宗录尚(shang)(shang)书(shu),集(ji)众议(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),都官(guan)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)周(zhou)弘正(zheng)曰(yue)(yue):“未(wei)知狱(yu)所(suo)测(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren),有(you)几人(ren)(ren)(ren)款(kuan)(kuan)?几人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)?须前(qian)责取人(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)及(ji)数并(bing)其(qi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)目,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)更集(ji)。”得廷(ting)尉监沈仲由(you)列(lie)(lie)(lie)称,别制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已后(hou)(hou),有(you)寿羽儿一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)杀寿慧,刘磊(lei)渴等(deng)(deng)(deng)八(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)偷马仗(zhang)家口渡北,依法(fa)测(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),限(xian)讫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)。刘道朔坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)犯七(qi)(qi)改偷,依法(fa)测(ce)(ce)立(li),首尾二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而款(kuan)(kuan)。陈法(fa)满坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)被使封藏、阿(a)法(fa)受钱,未(wei)及(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而款(kuan)(kuan)。弘正(zheng)议(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“凡小大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu),必应以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing),正(zheng)言(yan)依准五听,验(yan)(yan)其(qi)虚实(shi)(shi),岂(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)全恣考掠,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)判刑罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。且测(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)节,本(ben)非(fei)(fei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),近代(dai)已来,方有(you)此法(fa)。起(qi)自(zi)晡鼓(gu),迄于(yu)二(er)(er)更,岂(qi)(qi)是常人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)能堪忍?所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)械之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),危堕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),无(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服,诬枉者(zhe)多(duo)。朝晚二(er)(er)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),同(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)数,进退而求(qiu),于(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为衷(zhong)。若谓(wei)(wei)小促前(qian)期(qi),致实(shi)(shi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伏,如复(fu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)节延长(zhang)(zhang),则(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)愆妄款(kuan)(kuan)。且人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)堪,既有(you)强(qiang)弱,人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)意(yi),固亦多(duo)途。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如贯高(gao)榜笞刺爇,身无(wu)(wu)(wu)完者(zhe),戴就熏(xun)针(zhen)并(bing)极,困笃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移,岂(qi)(qi)关(guan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)长(zhang)(zhang)短,掠测(ce)(ce)优劣?夫(fu)与杀不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辜,宁失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)经,罪(zui)(zui)(zui)疑(yi)惟(wei)轻(qing),功疑(yi)惟(wei)重(zhong),斯(si)(si)则(ze)古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣王(wang),垂此明(ming)(ming)法(fa)。愚谓(wei)(wei)依范泉(quan)著制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为允。”舍(she)人(ren)(ren)(ren)盛权议(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“比(bi)(bi)部范泉(quan)新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)周(zhou)弘正(zheng)明(ming)(ming)议(yi),咸允《虞书(shu)》惟(wei)轻(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,《殷颂》敷正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。窃(qie)寻廷(ting)尉监沈仲由(you)等(deng)(deng)(deng)列(lie)(lie)(lie)新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),凡有(you)狱(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)所(suo)测(ce)(ce)者(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)。愚谓(wei)(wei)染(ran)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囚,狱(yu)官(guan)宜(yi)明(ming)(ming)加(jia)辩(bian)析,穷考事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理。若罪(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)可(ke)(ke)疑(yi),自(zi)宜(yi)启(qi)审(shen)分(fen)判,幸无(wu)(wu)(wu)滥测(ce)(ce);若罪(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)实(shi)(shi)验(yan)(yan),乃可(ke)(ke)启(qi)审(shen)测(ce)(ce)立(li);此则(ze)枉直有(you)分(fen),刑宥(you)斯(si)(si)理。范泉(quan)今(jin)(jin)(jin)牒(die)(die)述(shu)《汉律(lv)》,云‘死罪(zui)(zui)(zui)及(ji)除名(ming),罪(zui)(zui)(zui)证明(ming)(ming)白(bai),考掠已至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而抵隐(yin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服者(zhe),处当列(lie)(lie)(lie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)’。杜(du)预(yu)注云‘处当,证验(yan)(yan)明(ming)(ming)白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,列(lie)(lie)(lie)其(qi)抵隐(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)’。窃(qie)寻旧(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深峻,百中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi),新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宽(kuan)优,十(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)九,参(can)会(hui)两(liang)文,宽(kuan)猛实(shi)(shi)异,处当列(lie)(lie)(lie)上(shang)(shang)(shang),未(wei)见厘革。愚谓(wei)(wei)宜(yi)付(fu)典(dian)法(fa),更详(xiang)‘处当列(lie)(lie)(lie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。”洙议(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“夜(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)测(ce)(ce)立(li),缓急易欺,兼用昼(zhou)漏(lou)(lou),于(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为允。但漏(lou)(lou)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)赊(she)促,今(jin)(jin)(jin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),《汉书(shu)·律(lv)历(li)》,何承天、祖(zu)冲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、釭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父子《漏(lou)(lou)经》,并(bing)自(zi)关(guan)鼓(gu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)鼓(gu),自(zi)晡鼓(gu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)关(guan)鼓(gu),皆十(shi)(shi)(shi)三刻(ke)(ke)(ke),冬夏(xia)四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异。若其(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)长(zhang)(zhang)短,分(fen)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)用梁末改漏(lou)(lou),下(xia)(xia)鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),分(fen)其(qi)短长(zhang)(zhang),夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),各(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke),冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),各(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。伏承命旨,刻(ke)(ke)(ke)同(tong)勒令,检一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)乃同(tong),而四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng),廷(ting)尉今(jin)(jin)(jin)牒(die)(die),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)短促,致罪(zui)(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)。愚意(yi)愿去夜(ye)(ye)测(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昧,从(cong)昼(zhou)漏(lou)(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming),斟(zhen)酌(zhuo)今(jin)(jin)(jin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,参(can)会(hui)二(er)(er)漏(lou)(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,舍(she)秋冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少刻(ke)(ke)(ke),从(cong)夏(xia)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)晷,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)问寒暑,并(bing)依今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),朝夕(xi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)测(ce)(ce),各(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。比(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)漏(lou)(lou),则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)多(duo)昔四(si)刻(ke)(ke)(ke),即用今(jin)(jin)(jin)漏(lou)(lou),则(ze)冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)五刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。虽冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),数刻(ke)(ke)(ke)侵夜(ye)(ye),正(zheng)是少日(ri)(ri)(ri),于(yu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)疑(yi)。庶罪(zui)(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)漏(lou)(lou)短而为捍,狱(yu)囚无(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在夜(ye)(ye)而致诬,求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄙意(yi),窃(qie)谓(wei)(wei)允合。”众议(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为宜(yi)依范泉(quan)前(qian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),高(gao)宗曰(yue)(yue):“沈长(zhang)(zhang)史议(yi)得中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),宜(yi)更博(bo)议(yi)。”左(zuo)丞宗元饶(rao)议(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“窃(qie)寻沈议(yi)非(fei)(fei)顿异范,正(zheng)是欲使四(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)均其(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)数,兼斟(zhen)酌(zhuo)其(qi)佳,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会(hui)优剧。即同(tong)牒(die)(die)请(qing)写还删定曹(cao)详(xiang)改前(qian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”高(gao)宗依事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施行。

洙以太(tai)建元年(nian)卒(zu),时年(nian)五十二。

戚衮,字公文(wen),吴郡盐官人也(ye)。祖显(xian),齐(qi)给(ji)事中。父霸(ba),梁临贺王(wang)府(fu)中兵(bing)参军。衮少聪慧,游学京都(dou),受《三礼(li)》于(yu)国子助教(jiao)刘文(wen)绍,一(yi)二年(nian)中,大义(yi)略备。年(nian)十九,梁武帝敕策《孔子正言》并《周礼(li)》、《礼(li)记》义(yi),衮对高第。仍(reng)除扬州祭酒从事史。

就国子博(bo)士宋怀方质《仪(yi)礼》义(yi),怀方北人,自魏携《仪(yi)礼》、《礼记》疏(shu),秘惜(xi)不(bu)传,及将(jiang)亡(wang),谓家人曰:“吾死后(hou),戚生若(ruo)赴,便以《仪(yi)礼》、《礼记》义(yi)本付之,若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)来,即宜(yi)随尸而(er)殡。”其(qi)(qi)为儒(ru)者推许如此。寻兼太学博(bo)士。

梁简(jian)文(wen)在东宫,召衮(gun)讲论。又尝置宴(yan)集玄(xuan)儒(ru)之士(shi),先命道学互(hu)相质(zhi)难,次(ci)令中(zhong)庶子(zi)徐摛(chi)(chi)驰骋大义,间以剧(ju)谈。摛(chi)(chi)辞辩纵横(heng),难以答抗,诸人慑气,皆失次(ci)序。衮(gun)时骋义,摛(chi)(chi)与往复,衮(gun)精采自若,对答如流,简(jian)文(wen)深(shen)加叹赏(shang)。寻除员外(wai)散骑侍郎,又迁(qian)员外(wai)散骑常侍。敬帝承制,出为(wei)江州(zhou)长史,仍随沈泰(tai)镇南豫州(zhou)。泰(tai)之奔齐(qi)也,逼(bi)衮(gun)俱(ju)行,后(hou)自鄴下遁(dun)还(hai)。又随程文(wen)季北伐(fa),吕梁军败,衮(gun)没于周,久之得归(gui)。仍兼国子(zi)助(zhu)教,除中(zhong)卫(wei)始兴(xing)王府录(lu)事参军。太建十(shi)三年卒,时年六十(shi)三。

衮于梁代(dai)撰《三礼(li)义(yi)记(ji)》,值乱亡失,《礼(li)记(ji)义(yi)》四十卷行(xing)于世。

郑灼,字(zi)茂(mao)昭,东(dong)阳信(xin)安(an)(an)人也。祖(zu)惠,梁衡阳太(tai)守。父季徽,通(tong)直散(san)骑侍郎、建安(an)(an)令(ling)。灼幼而聪(cong)敏,励志儒学,少(shao)受业于(yu)皇(huang)侃。梁中(zhong)大(da)通(tong)五年,释(shi)褐奉朝请。累(lei)迁(qian)员外散(san)骑侍郎、给事中(zhong)、安(an)(an)东(dong)临川(chuan)王(wang)府(fu)记室(shi)参军,转(zhuan)平西邵陵王(wang)府(fu)记室(shi)。简(jian)文在东(dong)宫,雅爱经(jing)术,引灼为西省义学士(shi)(shi)。承圣中(zhong),除(chu)通(tong)直散(san)骑侍郎,兼(jian)国子(zi)博士(shi)(shi)。寻为威(wei)戎(rong)将军,兼(jian)中(zhong)书通(tong)事舍人。高祖(zu)、世(shi)祖(zu)之(zhi)世(shi),历安(an)(an)东(dong)临川(chuan)、镇北鄱阳二王(wang)府(fu)谘议参军,累(lei)迁(qian)中(zhong)散(san)大(da)夫(fu),以(yi)本职兼(jian)国子(zi)博士(shi)(shi)。未(wei)拜,太(tai)建十三年卒,时年六(liu)十八。

灼(zhuo)性精勤(qin),尤明《三礼》。少时尝梦(meng)与(yu)皇侃遇于途,侃谓灼(zhuo)曰“郑郎开口(kou)”,侃因唾灼(zhuo)口(kou)中,自后义(yi)理逾进。灼(zhuo)家贫,抄义(yi)疏(shu)以日继夜,笔毫尽,每削用之(zhi)。灼(zhuo)常(chang)蔬食,讲(jiang)授(shou)多(duo)苦心(xin)热,若瓜(gua)时,辄偃卧(wo)以瓜(gua)镇心(xin),起(qi)便(bian)诵读,其笃志如此。

时有晋陵张崖、吴(wu)郡陆诩、吴(wu)兴(xing)沈德威、会稽贺(he)德基,俱以(yi)礼学自(zi)命。

张崖传(chuan)《三礼》于同郡刘文(wen)绍,仕梁历王(wang)府中(zhong)记室。天嘉(jia)元(yuan)年,为尚书(shu)仪曹郎,广沈文(wen)阿《仪注》,撰(zhuan)五礼。出为丹阳(yang)令、王(wang)府谘(zi)议(yi)参(can)军(jun)。御史中(zhong)丞(cheng)宗元(yuan)饶表荐(jian)为国子博士。

陆诩少习崔(cui)灵(ling)恩《三礼义宗》,梁世百济国(guo)表求讲礼博士,诏令诩行。还(hai)除(chu)给事中(zhong)(zhong)、定阳(yang)令。天嘉初,侍始兴(xing)王(wang)伯茂(mao)读,迁尚书祠(ci)部(bu)郎中(zhong)(zhong)。

沈(shen)德威字(zi)怀远(yuan),少有操行。梁太(tai)(tai)清末,遁于(yu)天目山,筑室以(yi)居(ju),虽(sui)处乱(luan)离,而(er)笃(du)学无倦,遂治经业。天嘉元年,征出(chu)都,侍太(tai)(tai)子(zi)讲《礼传》。寻(xun)授(shou)太(tai)(tai)学博(bo)士(shi),转国子(zi)助教。每自(zi)学还私室以(yi)讲授(shou),道俗受业者数十百人,率常如此。迁太(tai)(tai)常丞,兼五礼学士(shi),寻(xun)为尚书仪曹郎(lang),后为祠部郎(lang)。俄丁母忧去职。祯明三年入隋,官至秦王府主簿(bu)。年五十五卒。

贺德(de)基(ji)字承业,世传《礼》学。祖(zu)文发,父淹,仕梁俱为(wei)(wei)祠部(bu)郎,并有名当世。德(de)基(ji)少游学于京邑,积年(nian)不(bu)归,衣资罄乏,又(you)耻服故(gu)弊(bi),盛冬止衣裌(jia)襦袴。尝于白马寺前逢(feng)一妇人,容服甚盛,呼德(de)基(ji)入寺门,脱(tuo)白纶巾以赠之(zhi)。仍谓德(de)基(ji)曰:“君方为(wei)(wei)重器,不(bu)久(jiu)贫寒,故(gu)以此(ci)相(xiang)遗耳。”德(de)基(ji)问(wen)妪姓名,不(bu)答而去。德(de)基(ji)于《礼记》称为(wei)(wei)精明,居(ju)以传授,累(lei)迁(qian)尚书(shu)祠部(bu)郎。德(de)基(ji)虽不(bu)至大官,而三(san)世儒学,俱为(wei)(wei)祠部(bu),时论(lun)美其不(bu)坠焉。

全缓,字弘立,吴(wu)郡钱塘人也(ye)。幼受《易》于博士褚(chu)仲都,笃志研(yan)玩(wan),得其精(jing)微。梁太(tai)清初,历王国(guo)侍郎(lang)、奉朝(chao)请,俄转(zhuan)国(guo)子(zi)助教,兼司(si)义郎(lang),专(zhuan)讲《诗》、《易》。绍泰元年,除尚书水部郎(lang)。太(tai)建(jian)中,累迁镇(zhen)南始兴(xing)王府谘议参军,随府诣湘州,以(yi)疾卒,时年七(qi)十四。缓治《周易》、《老庄》,时人言玄者咸推(tui)之。

张讥(ji)(ji),字(zi)直(zhi)言(yan),清(qing)河(he)武城人也。祖僧宝,梁(liang)散(san)骑(qi)侍(shi)郎(lang)、太子洗马(ma)。父仲悦,梁(liang)庐(lu)陵王府录事参军、尚书祠部郎(lang)中。讥(ji)(ji)幼聪俊,有思理,年十四,通《孝经》、《论语》。笃好玄言(yan),受学于(yu)(yu)汝南周弘正,每有新意,为先辈推伏。梁(liang)大同中,召补国子《正言(yan)》生(sheng)。梁(liang)武帝(di)尝于(yu)(yu)文德殿(dian)释《乾(qian)》、《坤》文言(yan),讥(ji)(ji)与(yu)陈郡袁(yuan)宪等预(yu)焉,敕令(ling)论议,诸儒(ru)莫敢(gan)先出,讥(ji)(ji)乃整容而进,谘(zi)审循(xun)环,辞(ci)令(ling)温雅。梁(liang)武帝(di)甚异之,赐裙襦(ru)绢(juan)等,仍(reng)云“表卿稽古之力”。

讥幼丧母(mu)(mu),有错(cuo)彩经帕,即母(mu)(mu)之遗制,及有所(suo)识,家(jia)人具(ju)以告(gao)之,每岁(sui)时辄对帕哽噎(ye),不能自胜。及丁父忧,居丧过礼。服阕,召(zhao)补湘东王国(guo)左常(chang)侍,转田曹参(can)军,迁(qian)士林馆学士。

简文在(zai)东宫,出士(shi)林馆(guan)发《孝经》题,讥论议往(wang)复(fu),甚见(jian)嗟赏,自是每有讲集,必遣使召讥。及侯景(jing)寇逆,于围(wei)城之中,犹侍哀(ai)太(tai)子于武德后殿(dian)讲《老》、《庄》。梁台陷(xian),讥崎岖(qu)避难,卒不事景(jing),景(jing)平,历临安令。

高(gao)祖受禅,除太常丞,转始(shi)兴王府刑狱参(can)军(jun)。天嘉(jia)中,迁国子助(zhu)教。是时周(zhou)弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)在国学(xue),发(fa)《周(zhou)易》题(ti),弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)第四(si)弟弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直亦在讲席。讥与(yu)弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)论议,弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)乃屈,弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直危(wei)坐(zuo)厉声,助(zhu)其申(shen)理。讥乃正(zheng)色(se)谓(wei)弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直曰:“今日义集,辩(bian)正(zheng)名理,虽(sui)知兄弟急难,四(si)公不得有助(zhu)。”弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直曰:“仆助(zhu)君师,何为不可(ke)?”举座(zuo)以为笑(xiao)乐。弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)尝谓(wei)人曰:“吾每登座(zuo),见(jian)张讥在席,使入(ru)懔然。”高(gao)宗世(shi),历建安王府记室参(can)军(jun),兼东宫学(xue)士(shi),转武陵王限内记室,学(xue)士(shi)如故。

后(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)在东宫,集宫僚置宴,时造玉柄麈尾(wei)新成,后(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)亲执之(zhi),曰(yue)(yue):“当今虽复多士(shi)如林,至于堪捉(zhuo)此(ci)者,独张讥(ji)耳。”即手(shou)授讥(ji)。仍令(ling)于温文殿讲《庄(zhuang)》、《老》,高宗幸(xing)宫临听,赐御所服衣一(yi)袭(xi)。后(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)嗣位,领南平王府谘(zi)议参军、东宫学士(shi)。寻(xun)迁国子(zi)博士(shi),学士(shi)如故。后(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)尝(chang)幸(xing)钟山开(kai)善(shan)寺,召从臣(chen)坐于寺西南松(song)林下,敕召讥(ji)竖义。时索(suo)麈尾(wei)未至,后(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)敕取松(song)枝,手(shou)以属讥(ji),曰(yue)(yue)“可代麈尾(wei)”。顾谓群臣(chen)曰(yue)(yue) “此(ci)即是张讥(ji)后(hou)事”。祯(zhen)明三年入(ru)隋,终于长安,时年七十六。

讥性恬静,不求(qiu)荣利,常慕(mu)闲逸,所居宅营山池,植花果(guo),讲《周易》、《老》、《庄(zhuang)》而教授焉。吴(wu)郡陆(lu)元朗、硃(zhu)孟博、一(yi)乘寺(si)沙门法(fa)才、法(fa)云寺(si)沙门慧休、至真(zhen)观道(dao)士姚绥,皆传其业。讥所撰《周易义(yi)(yi)》三十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《尚(shang)书(shu)义(yi)(yi)》十(shi)(shi)五(wu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《毛诗义(yi)(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《孝经义(yi)(yi)》八卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《论语义(yi)(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《老子义(yi)(yi)》十(shi)(shi)一(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《庄(zhuang)子内(nei)篇义(yi)(yi)》十(shi)(shi)二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《外篇义(yi)(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《杂(za)篇义(yi)(yi)》十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《玄部(bu)通义(yi)(yi)》十(shi)(shi)二(er)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),又撰《游玄桂林》二(er)十(shi)(shi)四卷(juan)(juan)(juan),后(hou)主尝敕(chi)人就其家写入秘阁。

子孝则(ze),官至始安王(wang)记室参军。

顾越(yue),字思南,吴郡盐(yan)官人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。所(suo)(suo)居新坡黄冈,世(shi)(shi)有(you)乡校,由(you)是顾氏多儒学焉。越(yue)少孤,以(yi)勤苦自立(li),聪慧有(you)口(kou)辩,说《毛氏诗(shi)》,傍通异(yi)义,梁太子詹事(shi)周舍甚赏之(zhi)。解(jie)褐扬州(zhou)议曹史,兼太子左(zuo)率丞。越(yue)于(yu)义理(li)精明(ming),尤善持论,与会稽(ji)贺文(wen)发俱为(wei)梁南平(ping)王伟所(suo)(suo)重,引(yin)为(wei)宾客。寻补(bu)《五经》博(bo)士(shi)。绍泰元(yuan)年(nian),迁(qian)国(guo)子博(bo)士(shi)。世(shi)(shi)祖即(ji)位,除始兴(xing)王谘议参军(jun),侍(shi)东宫读。世(shi)(shi)祖以(yi)越(yue)笃老,厚(hou)遇(yu)之(zhi),除给事(shi)黄门侍(shi)郎,又领国(guo)子博(bo)士(shi),侍(shi)读如故。废帝嗣(si)立(li),除通直(zhi)散(san)骑常侍(shi)、中(zhong)书(shu)舍人(ren)(ren)。华皎之(zhi)构逆也(ye),越(yue)在东阳,或(huo)谮之(zhi)于(yu)高宗,言其有(you)异(yi)志,诏下狱,因坐免。太建元(yuan)年(nian)卒于(yu)家,时年(nian)七十八。

时有东阳(yang)龚孟(meng)舒(shu)者,亦治《毛氏诗》,善谈(tan)名(ming)理。梁(liang)武(wu)世,仕至寻阳(yang)郡丞,元帝在江州,遇之甚重,躬师事焉(yan)。承圣中,兼中书(shu)舍人。天(tian)嘉初(chu),除员外散骑常侍(shi),兼国子助教、太(tai)(tai)中大夫。太(tai)(tai)建(jian)中卒(zu)。

沈不害,字(zi)孝和,吴兴武康(kang)人也(ye)。祖总(zong),齐尚书祠(ci)部郎。父懿,梁邵陵王(wang)参(can)(can)军(jun)。不害幼孤,而(er)修立(li)好学。十四召(zhao)补国(guo)子生,举明经。累迁(qian)梁太学博士。转(zhuan)庐陵王(wang)府刑狱参(can)(can)军(jun),长沙王(wang)府谘议,带汝南令。天嘉初,除衡阳(yang)王(wang)府中记(ji)室参(can)(can)军(jun),兼嘉德(de)殿学士。自(zi)梁季丧(sang)乱,至(zhi)是国(guo)学未立(li),不害上书曰:

臣闻立人(ren)(ren)(ren)建国,莫尚于尊儒(ru),成(cheng)俗(su)化(hua)民,必崇于教学。故东胶西(xi)序(xu),事隆乎三代,环林璧水,业盛(sheng)于两京。自淳(chun)源(yuan)既远,浇波已(yi)扇,物之(zhi)(zhi)感人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)穷,人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)逐(zhu)欲(yu)无(wu)节,是(shi)(shi)以设训垂范,启导心灵,譬彼(bi)染蓝,类诸(zhu)琢玉,然后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)伦以睦(mu),卑高有(you)(you)序(xu),忠孝之(zhi)(zhi)理既明,君(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)道攸固。执礼自基,鲁公所以难侮,歌乐已(yi)细,郑(zheng)伯于是(shi)(shi)前亡,干戚舞而(er)有(you)(you)苗至(zhi),泮宫(gong)成(cheng)而(er)淮夷服,长想洙(zhu)、泗之(zhi)(zhi)风,载怀(huai)淹、稷之(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng),有(you)(you)国有(you)(you)家,莫不(bu)尚已(yi)。

梁太清季(ji)年,数(shu)钟否剥,戎狄外侵,奸回内[B192],朝闻鼓鼙,夕炤烽火。洪(hong)儒硕学,解(jie)散(san)甚于坑夷,《五典》、《九丘》,湮灭逾乎帷(wei)盖。成均自斯坠(zhui)业,瞽宗于是不(bu)修(xiu),裒成之(zhi)(zhi)祠弗陈稞享,释菜(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)礼无称俎豆,颂声寂寞,遂逾一纪。后生敦悦,不(bu)见函(han)杖之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),晚(wan)学钻仰(yang),徒(tu)深倚席之(zhi)(zhi)叹。

陛(bi)下继历升统(tong),握镜临(lin)宇(yu),道洽(qia)寰中,威加(jia)无外,浊流已(yi)清,重氛载廓(kuo),含生(sheng)熙阜,品(pin)庶咸亨。宜其(qi)弘振礼乐,建(jian)立庠(xiang)序(xu),式(shi)稽(ji)古典,纡迹儒宫,选公(gong)卿门(men)子(zi),皆入于学,助教博士,朝(chao)夕讲肄(yi),使担簦负(fu)笈,锵(qiang)锵(qiang)接衽,方领(ling)矩(ju)步,济济成林。如(ru)切(qie)如(ru)磋,闻(wen)《诗(shi)》闻(wen)《礼》,一年可(ke)以(yi)功倍(bei),三冬于是足用。故能(neng)擢秀雄(xiong)州,扬庭观国,入仕登朝(chao),资优学以(yi)自辅,莅官(guan)从(cong)政,有经(jing)业以(yi)治身,轖驾列(lie)庭,青紫拾地。

古者王(wang)世(shi)子(zi)之贵,犹与国子(zi)齿,降及汉储,兹礼不坠,暨乎两晋,斯事弥(mi)隆,所以(yi)(yi)见(jian)师(shi)严而(er)道尊者也。皇太(tai)子(zi)天纵生知,无待审喻,犹宜晦(hui)迹俯同(tong),专经请业,奠爵前(qian)师(shi),肃若旧典。昔(xi)阙里之堂,草莱自辟,旧宅之内,丝竹(zhu)流(liu)音,前(qian)圣遗烈,深(shen)以(yi)(yi)炯戒(jie)。况复江表无虞,海外(wai)有截(jie),岂得不开阐大猷,恢弘至(zhi)道?宁可(ke)使玄(xuan)教(jiao)儒风,弗兴圣世(shi),盛德大业,遂蕴尧年?臣末学小生,词(ci)无足算,轻献(xian)瞽言,伏(fu)增悚惕(ti)。

诏答曰:“省(sheng)表闻之(zhi)。自旧章弛废,微言将绝,朕(zhen)嗣(si)膺宝业,念在(zai)缉熙,而兵革未息,军(jun)国草创,常恐前(qian)王令典(dian),一朝泯灭。卿才思优(you)洽(qia),文理可求,弘惜大(da)体,殷(yin)勤(qin)名教,付外(wai)详议,依事施(shi)行。”又表改定(ding)乐章,诏使制三朝乐歌八(ba)(ba)首,合二十(shi)八(ba)(ba)曲,行之(zhi)乐府。

五年(nian)(nian),除赣令。入为(wei)尚(shang)(shang)书仪(yi)曹(cao)郎,迁国子博士,领羽林监,敕治五礼,掌策(ce)文谥议(yi)。太(tai)建中,除仁武南康嗣(si)王(wang)府(fu)长(zhang)史(shi)(shi),行丹阳郡事。转员外散骑(qi)常(chang)侍、光禄卿。寻(xun)为(wei)戎昭(zhao)将(jiang)军(jun)、明威(wei)武陵(ling)王(wang)长(zhang)史(shi)(shi),行吴兴郡事。俄入为(wei)通直散骑(qi)常(chang)侍,兼尚(shang)(shang)书左丞(cheng)。十二(er)年(nian)(nian)卒,时年(nian)(nian)六(liu)十三。

不害治(zhi)经术,善属文,虽(sui)博综坟典(dian),而家无卷轴。每制(zhi)文,操(cao)笔立成,曾无寻检(jian)。仆射(she)汝南周弘正常(chang)称之曰:“沈生可谓意(yi)圣人乎(hu)!”著治(zhi)《五(wu)礼(li)仪》一百卷,《文集》十(shi)四卷。

子志道,字(zi)崇基,少知名。解(jie)褐扬(yang)州(zhou)主簿,寻(xun)兼文林著士,历安(an)东(dong)新蔡王记(ji)室(shi)参军(jun)。祯明三年入(ru)隋。

王元(yuan)规(gui),字正范,太原晋(jin)阳人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。祖道宝(bao),齐员外(wai)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍、晋(jin)安(an)郡(jun)守。父玮,梁(liang)武陵王府(fu)中记室参(can)军(jun)。元(yuan)规(gui)八岁而孤(gu),兄(xiong)弟三人(ren)(ren),随母(mu)依舅氏往临海郡(jun),时年十二。郡(jun)土豪刘(liu)瑱(tian)者,资财巨万,以(yi)女妻之。元(yuan)规(gui)母(mu)以(yi)其兄(xiong)弟幼弱(ruo),欲结强援,元(yuan)规(gui)泣请(qing)曰:“姻(yin)不失亲,古人(ren)(ren)所重。岂得(de)苟安(an)异壤,辄婚非类!”母(mu)感其言而止。

元(yuan)规性孝,事母(mu)甚(shen)谨,晨昏未(wei)尝离(li)左右。梁(liang)时(shi)山阴县有(you)暴(bao)水(shui),流漂居(ju)宅,元(yuan)规唯有(you)一小船,仓卒引其母(mu)妹(mei)并(bing)孤侄入船,元(yuan)规自执楫棹而去(qu),留其男女三人,阁于(yu)树杪,及水(shui)退获全,时(shi)人皆(jie)称其至(zhi)行。

元规少好学(xue),从吴兴沈文(wen)阿(a)受业(ye),十八,通《春秋左(zuo)氏》、《孝经》、《论语》、《丧服(fu)》。梁(liang)中大通元年(nian),诏策《春秋》,举高第,时名儒(ru)咸称(cheng)赏(shang)之(zhi)。起家湘东(dong)王国(guo)左(zuo)常侍,转员外(wai)散骑侍郎。简文(wen)之(zhi)在东(dong)宫,引为宾客,每令(ling)讲(jiang)论,甚见优礼。除(chu)中军宣城王府记室参军。及侯景寇(kou)乱,携(xie)家属还会稽。天(tian)嘉中,除(chu)始兴王府功曹(cao)参军,领国(guo)子助教,转镇东(dong)鄱阳(yang)王府记室参军,领助教如(ru)故。

后主(zhu)在东宫(gong),引(yin)为学(xue)(xue)士,亲受《礼(li)记》、《左(zuo)(zuo)传》、《丧服》等(deng)义,赏赐优厚。迁国子(zi)祭酒(jiu)。新安王伯固尝因入宫(gong),适会元规将讲,乃启(qi)请(qing)执(zhi)经,时论以(yi)为荣。俄(e)除尚书祠部郎。自梁代诸儒(ru)相传为《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》学(xue)(xue)者,皆以(yi)贾(jia)逵(kui)、服虔之(zhi)义难驳杜(du)预(yu)(yu),凡一百八十(shi)(shi)条,元规引(yin)证通析(xi),无复疑滞。每国家议吉凶大(da)礼(li),常(chang)参预(yu)(yu)焉。丁母忧去职,服阕(que),除鄱阳王府(fu)(fu)中录事参军(jun),俄(e)转散骑侍郎,迁南平(ping)王府(fu)(fu)限内参军(jun)。王为江州,元规随府(fu)(fu)之(zhi)镇,四方学(xue)(xue)徒,不(bu)远千里来请(qing)道者,常(chang)数十(shi)(shi)百人。祯明(ming)三年入隋,为秦王府(fu)(fu)东阁祭酒(jiu)。年七十(shi)(shi)四,卒于广(guang)陵。

元(yuan)规(gui)著(zhu)《春秋发(fa)题辞(ci)》及(ji)《义(yi)记》十一卷,《续经典(dian)大义(yi)》十四卷,《孝经义(yi)记》两卷,《左传(chuan)音》三(san)卷,《礼(li)记音》两卷。

子大业,聪敏知名。

时有吴郡陆(lu)(lu)庆(qing)(qing),少好学,遍知(zhi)《五(wu)经》,尤明《春秋左氏传》,节操甚(shen)高。释褐(he)梁(liang)武陵(ling)王国右常侍(shi),历征(zheng)(zheng)西(xi)府墨曹行(xing)参军,除娄令。值梁(liang)季丧乱,乃覃心释典,经论靡不(bu)该究。天(tian)嘉(jia)初,征(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)通(tong)直散骑侍(shi)郎(lang),不(bu)就。永阳王为(wei)吴郡太守,闻其(qi)名(ming),欲与相(xiang)见,庆(qing)(qing)固(gu)辞以(yi)(yi)疾。时宗人陆(lu)(lu)荣(rong)为(wei)郡五(wu)官掾,庆(qing)(qing)尝诣焉(yan),王乃微服往荣(rong)第,穿壁(bi)以(yi)(yi)观(guan)之(zhi)。王谓荣(rong)曰:“观(guan)陆(lu)(lu)庆(qing)(qing)风神(shen)凝(ning)峻,殆不(bu)可测,严君平、郑子真何以(yi)(yi)尚(shang)兹。” 鄱阳、晋(jin)安王俱以(yi)(yi)记室(shi)征(zheng)(zheng),并不(bu)就。乃筑室(shi)屏居,以(yi)(yi)禅诵为(wei)事,由(you)是传经受业者盖(gai)鲜焉(yan)。

史(shi)臣曰:夫砥(di)身(shen)励行(xing),必先经(jing)术,树国(guo)崇(chong)家,率由(you)兹道,故王(wang)政因之(zhi)而至治,人伦(lun)得之(zhi)而攸序。若沈(shen)文阿之(zhi)徒(tu),各专经(jing)授(shou)业,亦一代之(zhi)鸿儒焉。文阿加复(fu)草创礼仪(yi),盖(gai)叔孙(sun)通之(zhi)流亚矣(yi)。

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