卷二十 二十之三
商颂谱商者，契所封之地。有娀氏之女名简狄者，吞鳦卵而生契。尧之末年，舜举为司徒，有五教之功，乃赐姓而封之。
○正义曰(yue)：《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)本纪(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)：“契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)曰(yue)简狄，有(you)娀氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝喾(ku)次妃。三(san)人行浴，见鸟(niao)墯其(qi)(qi)卵。简狄取(qu)吞(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)孕(yun)生契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长而(er)(er)佐禹(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)水有(you)功，帝舜乃封(feng)於(wu)(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)。”又(you)《中(zhong)侯(hou)》亦有(you)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)。文十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)：“高辛氏(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)才子(zi)(zi)(zi)八(ba)人，天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)元。舜臣尧(yao)，举(ju)八(ba)元使布五(wu)教(jiao)於(wu)(wu)四(si)方(fang)。父义，母(mu)慈，兄友，弟恭，子(zi)(zi)(zi)孝，内平外成(cheng)。”又(you)《尚书(shu)·尧(yao)典》云(yun)(yun)：“帝曰(yue)：‘契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，汝作司(si)(si)徒(tu)，敷五(wu)教(jiao)，五(wu)教(jiao)在宽。’”由此(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，敷五(wu)教(jiao)者(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。举(ju)八(ba)元，使布五(wu)教(jiao)者(zhe)，正谓(wei)举(ju)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“尧(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末年(nian)(nian)，舜举(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)徒(tu)，有(you)五(wu)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，乃赐(ci)姓曰(yue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，而(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《中(zhong)候握河(he)纪(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)：“尧(yao)曰(yue)：‘嗟！朕(zhen)无(wu)德，钦奉丕图，赐(ci)示二三(san)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。’斯(si)封(feng)稷、契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)，赐(ci)姓号(hao)(hao)(hao)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“斯(si)，此(ci)。封(feng)三(san)臣，赐(ci)姓号(hao)(hao)(hao)者(zhe)，契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，稷为(wei)(wei)(wei)姬，皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)未(wei)闻。”又(you)《契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)握》汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)说(shuo)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)：“赐(ci)姓子(zi)(zi)(zi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)题朕(zhen)躬。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“题，名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。躬，身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引《孝经援神(shen)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》曰(yue)：“尧(yao)知(zhi)天(tian)命(ming)，赐(ci)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。”知(zhi)有(you)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)尧(yao)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓，而(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《本纪(ji)(ji)》称(cheng)(cheng)帝舜封(feng)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)，《长发(fa)》笺云(yun)(yun)：“尧(yao)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)。舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末年(nian)(nian)，益其(qi)(qi)土地(di)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)舜亦封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)，成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)一代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，而(er)(er)此(ci)云(yun)(yun)“商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)，契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”，则(ze)(ze)郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)取(qu)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)封(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。服虔、王(wang)肃(su)(su)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)。襄(xiang)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“阏(yan)伯居(ju)(ju)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)，相土因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”服虔云(yun)(yun)：“商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)，地(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。相土，契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙。因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，代(dai)阏(yan)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)居(ju)(ju)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)，汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。”又(you)《书(shu)》序王(wang)肃(su)(su)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孙相士(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)，故(gu)(gu)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。”而(er)(er)郑玄以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)由契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)，契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，见於(wu)(wu)《书(shu)》传(chuan)、《史(shi)记(ji)》、《中(zhong)候》，其(qi)(qi)文甚明(ming)。经典之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)，皆单谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，未(wei)有(you)称(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)者(zhe)。又(you)相士(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)商(shang)(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)恒厥邑。相士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)室，虽(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)先公(gong)俊者(zhe)，譬(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)周，则(ze)(ze)公(gong)刘(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俦耳。既非汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)功所(suo)起(qi)，又(you)非王(wang)迹所(suo)因(yin)，何当(dang)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)居(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？商(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，犹周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)稷。成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，文王(wang)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)邰(tai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)者(zhe)，自契(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，虽(sui)则(ze)(ze)八(ba)迁，而(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)号(hao)(hao)(hao)不(bu)(bu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)，商(shang)(shang)(shang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)未(wei)易。成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)，故(gu)(gu)当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。周即处(chu)邰(tai)、处(chu)豳，国(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)变(bian)易。大(da)王(wang)来居(ju)(ju)周地(di)，其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)始名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)周。文王(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周受(shou)(shou)命(ming)，当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)周为(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)远取(qu)邰(tai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)，汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)在亳(bo)地(di)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)，不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亳(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，而(er)(er)《礼记(ji)·郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)：“亳(bo)社(she)北牖。”襄(xiang)三(san)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)：“鸟(niao)鸣(ming)于亳(bo)社(she)。”皆谓(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亡(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亳(bo)社(she)者(zhe)，《礼》存(cun)亡(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)戒，亳(bo)实汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)所(suo)居(ju)(ju)地(di)，故(gu)(gu)指地(di)而(er)(er)言，以(yi)(yi)(yi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)纣无(wu)道，丧灭汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)(ju)，欲使诸(zhu)侯(hou)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，思自保固(gu)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)举(ju)代(dai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，而(er)(er)指亳(bo)社(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亳(bo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居(ju)(ju)耳，及(ji)(ji)纣灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，则(ze)(ze)在朝歌，非复亳(bo)地(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，以(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。及(ji)(ji)盘(pan)庚迁於(wu)(wu)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)或呼为(wei)(wei)(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，故(gu)(gu)《书(shu)》序云(yun)(yun)：“盘(pan)庚五(wu)迁，将治(zhi)(zhi)亳(bo)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“商(shang)(shang)(shang)家改(gai)(gai)(gai)号(hao)(hao)(hao)曰(yue)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”《玄鸟(niao)》云(yun)(yun)：“殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)咸(xian)宜。”《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)武》云(yun)(yun)：“挞彼(bi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)武。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)兼称(cheng)(cheng)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)或称(cheng)(cheng)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全改(gai)(gai)(gai)商(shang)(shang)(shang)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，故(gu)(gu)《大(da)明(ming)》云(yun)(yun)，“殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)商(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旅(lv)”，《荡》云(yun)(yun)，“咨汝殷(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)商(shang)(shang)(shang)”，皆取(qu)前后(hou)二号(hao)(hao)(hao)而(er)(er)双言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)全改(gai)(gai)(gai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
世有官守，十四世至汤，则受命伐夏桀，定天下。
○正义曰：尧以(yi)契为(wei)司徒，又封(feng)之(zhi)商国，子(zi)(zi)孙则当世(shi)为(wei)诸侯，或入列王(wang)官，故云(yun)(yun)“世(shi)有官守(shou)”。《国语》云(yun)(yun)：“玄王(wang)勤商，十四(si)世(shi)而兴。”《殷本纪》云(yun)(yun)：“契卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)昭明(ming)立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)相土立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)昌若立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)曹圉立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)冥立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)振立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)微立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)报丁。立(li)(li)(li)，卒(zu)(zu)(zu)子(zi)(zi)报乙(yi)立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)报丙立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)主(zhu)壬(ren)立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)主(zhu)癸立(li)(li)(li)。卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)天(tian)乙(yi)立(li)(li)(li)，是为(wei)成(cheng)汤。”是从(cong)契至汤为(wei)十四(si)世(shi)也。《中候·雒予命》云(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)乙(yi)在亳(bo)，东观於洛，黄(huang)鱼(yu)双跃，出济于坛。黑鸟以(yi)雒，随鱼(yu)亦上，化为(wei)黑玉，赤勒(le)曰：玄精天(tian)乙(yi)受神(shen)福，命之(zhi)予伐(fa)(fa)桀(jie)命克，子(zi)(zi)商灭(mie)夏天(tian)下(xia)服。”是受命伐(fa)(fa)桀(jie)，定天(tian)下(xia)也。
后世有中宗者，严恭寅畏，天命自度，治民祗惧，不敢荒宁。后有高宗者，旧劳於外，爰洎小人。作其即位，乃或谅闇，三年不言，言乃雍。不敢荒宁，嘉静殷邦。至于小大，无时或怨。
○正义曰：此《尚书·无逸》文也。彼注云：中宗，谓大戊也。高宗，谓武丁也。旧，犹久也。爰，於。洎，与也。武丁为太子时，殷道衰。为其父小乙将师役於外，与小人之故，言知其忧乐也。作，起也。谅闇转作梁闇。楣谓之梁。闇，庐也。小乙崩，武丁立，忧丧三年之礼，居凶庐柱楣，不言政事。此三王有受命中兴之功，时有作诗颂之者。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：受命，谓(wei)成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)(zhong)兴(xing)，谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《商颂(song)(song)(song)》五(wu)篇，唯有(you)(you)此(ci)三(san)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗，故郑历(li)言其功德(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《殷(yin)(yin)本(ben)纪》云(yun)：“大(da)戊(wu)立，亳(bo)有(you)(you)祥(xiang)桑(sang)穀共生(sheng)於朝，一暮大(da)拱。大(da)戊(wu)惧，问伊陟。伊陟曰(yue)：‘臣(chen)闻妖不胜德(de)(de)，帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政其有(you)(you)阙与(yu)？帝(di)其修德(de)(de)。’大(da)戊(wu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)祥(xiang)桑(sang)穀枯死(si)。殷(yin)(yin)复兴(xing)，诸(zhu)侯归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故称中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”《礼记·丧服四制》曰(yue)：“《书(shu)》云(yun)：‘高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)谅闇，三(san)年不言。’善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)莫不行此(ci)礼，何以独善(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)？高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)，武(wu)丁(ding)。武(wu)丁(ding)者(zhe)(zhe)，殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤王(wang)(wang)，继世(shi)即位，而(er)(er)慈良於丧。当此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，殷(yin)(yin)衰而(er)(er)复兴(xing)，礼废而(er)(er)复起(qi)，故善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《书(shu)》中(zhong)(zhong)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)中(zhong)(zhong)兴(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。由此(ci)三(san)王(wang)(wang)皆有(you)(you)功德(de)(de)，时(shi)人有(you)(you)作诗颂(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)。《那(nei)》序云(yun)：“祀(si)成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)。”是(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《烈(lie)祖(zu)》序云(yun)：“祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”是(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《玄(xuan)鸟(niao)》、《殷(yin)(yin)武(wu)》序皆云(yun)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，《长发(fa)》居中(zhong)(zhong)，从可知(zhi)是(shi)《玄(xuan)鸟(niao)》三(san)篇颂(song)(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)颂(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，皆在(zai)崩(beng)后颂(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《那(nei)》“祀(si)成(cheng)汤(tang)(tang)”，经称“汤(tang)(tang)孙”，笺以汤(tang)(tang)孙为太(tai)甲，则《那(nei)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作当太(tai)甲时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《烈(lie)祖(zu)》“祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，笺称“此(ci)祭(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，诸(zhu)侯来助”，明是(shi)其崩(beng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，或子孙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，未知(zhi)当谁世(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《玄(xuan)鸟(niao)》“祀(si)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，笺以祀(si)当为祫，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)崩(beng)而(er)(er)始祫祭(ji)於契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙，歌是(shi)诗焉，是(shi)崩(beng)后可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《殷(yin)(yin)武(wu)》云(yun)“祀(si)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，则亦在(zai)其崩(beng)后。《玄(xuan)鸟(niao)》、《殷(yin)(yin)武(wu)》既是(shi)崩(beng)后，则知(zhi)《长发(fa)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作亦在(zai)崩(beng)后矣。《长发(fa)》述(shu)其生(sheng)存(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，禘(di)祭(ji)先王(wang)(wang)。《殷(yin)(yin)武(wu)》述(shu)其征伐荆(jing)楚，修治寝室，皆是(shi)崩(beng)后追述(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
商德之坏，武王伐纣，乃以陶唐氏火正阏伯之墟，封纣兄微子启为宋公，代武庚为商后。
○正义曰：商德之坏，谓纣时也。《乐记》说武王伐纣，“既下车，而投殷之后於宋”，是伐纣即封微子。昭元年《左传》曰：“昔高辛氏有二子，伯曰阏伯，季曰实沈，居于旷林，不相能也，日寻干戈相征讨。后帝不臧，迁阏伯于商丘，主辰，商人是因，故辰为商星。”襄九年《左传》曰：“陶唐氏之火正阏伯居商丘，祀大火，而火纪时焉。相土因之，故商主大火。”以此言之，是宋居阏伯故地，故《汉书·地理志》云：“周封微子於宋，今之睢阳是也。本陶唐氏火正阏伯之墟。”郑取其言以为说也。《书传》云：“武王杀纣，继公子禄父。”《史记·卫世家》云：“武王已克殷纣，复以殷馀民封纣子武庚禄父，以奉其先祀。”是武王初杀纣，以武庚为商后也。至周公摄政，武庚叛，而诛之，乃命微子代武庚为商后。《书序》云：“成王既黜殷命，杀武庚，命微子。”是命微子在成王时也。今因伐纣之下，即连言封微子於宋，代武庚为商后者，以封之於宋，竟为商后，以宋是武王所封，故《谱》终言之。
○其封域在《禹贡》徐州泗滨，西及豫州明猪之野。
○正义(yi)曰：《禹贡》徐州(zhou)云“泗滨(bin)浮磬(qing)”，豫州(zhou)云“导荷泽(ze)，被(bei)盟猪”。《地(di)理志》云：“盟猪泽(ze)在梁国(guo)睢(sui)阳(yang)东北(bei)。”是盟猪在豫州(zhou)。《地(di)理志》云：“宋地(di)今之(zhi)(zhi)梁国(guo)、沛、楚、山阳(yang)、济阴(yin)、东平及东群之(zhi)(zhi)须昌(chang)、寿张(zhang)，皆(jie)宋分也(ye)。”据(ju)时验之(zhi)(zhi)，是宋之(zhi)(zhi)封域(yu)东至泗滨(bin)，西至孟(meng)猪也(ye)。
自后政衰，散亡商之礼乐。七世至戴公时，当宣王，大夫正考父者，校商之名颂十二篇於周太师，以《那》为首，归以祀其先王。
○正义曰：微子为商之后，得行殷之礼乐，明时《商颂》皆在宋矣。於后不具，明是政衰而失之。《那》序云：“微子至於戴公，其间礼乐废坏。”是散亡商之礼乐也。《史记·宋世家》云：“微子启卒，弟仲衍立。卒，子宋公稽立。卒，子丁公申立。卒，子湣公共立。卒，弟炀公熙立。湣公子鲋祀杀炀公而自立，是为厉公。卒，子釐公举立。卒，子惠公覸立。卒，子哀公立。卒，子戴公立。”自微子至戴公凡十君，除二及，馀八君，是微子之后七世至戴公也。《世家》又云：“惠公四年，周宣王即位。戴公二十九年，周幽王为犬戎所杀。”考校其年，宣王以戴公十八年崩，是戴公当宣王时也。“正考父考校商之名颂十二篇於周之大师，以《那》为首”，《鲁语》文也。韦昭云：“名颂，颂之美者。”然则言校者，宋之礼乐虽则亡散，犹有此诗之本，考父恐其舛谬，故就太师校之也。此颂皆为祀先王而作，故知校之既正，归以祀其先王也。
○孔子录《诗》之时，则得五篇而已，乃列之以备三颂，著为后王之义，监三代之成功，法莫大於是矣。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：今诗是(shi)(shi)孔子所定，《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)》止有五(wu)篇(pian)，明(ming)是(shi)(shi)孔子录《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)已亡其七篇(pian)，唯(wei)得此五(wu)篇(pian)而(er)已。王者存二(er)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，所以(yi)通天三统。夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)章既以(yi)泯弃，唯(wei)有《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)》而(er)已。孔子既录《鲁颂(song)》，同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，乃(nai)复取《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)》，列之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)备三颂(song)，著为后王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，使后人(ren)监视三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成法，其法莫大於(wu)是(shi)(shi)。言圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有深(shen)意也。
问者曰：“列国政衰则变风作，宋何独无乎？”曰：“有焉，乃不录之。王者之后，时王所客也，巡守述职，不陈其诗，亦示无贬黜，客之义也。”
○正义曰：巡守之陈诗者，以观民之好恶，示有刺责则贬黜之。今不陈其诗，示无贬黜，客之义。亦既示无贬黜，不陈恶诗，虽有其美者，亦不得复采，故所以无宋诗也。示无贬黜者，示法而已。其有大罪，亦当如《鲁谱》所云“侯伯监之，行人书之”，不得全无贬黜，故《春秋》之时，杞为伯爵，是其为时王所黜也。
○又问曰：“周大师何由得《商颂》？”曰：“周用六代之乐，故有之。”
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：以(yi)周(zhou)用六(liu)代之乐(le)，乐(le)章固当有(you)之，故(gu)得(de)有(you)《商(shang)(shang)颂》也。然则自夏(xia)以(yi)上，周(zhou)人(ren)亦存其乐(le)，而(er)得(de)无其诗(shi)者，或(huo)本自不(bu)作，或(huo)有(you)而(er)灭(mie)亡故(gu)也。此《商(shang)(shang)颂》五(wu)篇(pian)，自是商(shang)(shang)世之书，由宋(song)而(er)后得(de)有(you)，故(gu)郑(zheng)为《谱》，因商(shang)(shang)而(er)又(you)序宋(song)也。
《那》，祀成汤也。微子至于戴公，其间礼乐废坏。有正考甫者，得《商颂》十二篇於周之大师，以《那》为首。礼乐废坏者，君怠慢於为政，不修祭祀、朝聘、养贤、待宾之事，有司忘其礼之仪制，乐师失其声之曲折，由是散亡也。自正考甫至孔子之时，又无七篇矣。正考甫，孔子之先也，其祖弗甫何，以有宋而授厉公。
○那，乃河反。微子名启，纣庶兄，周武王(wang)封之於(wu)宋(song)，为殷(yin)后(hou)。正考父音(yin)甫，本亦作“甫”，宋(song)湣公(gong)之曾孙，孔子七世祖。大(da)(da)音(yin)泰，后(hou)“大(da)(da)甲”、“大(da)(da)古”、“大(da)(da)戊(wu)”、“大(da)(da)祖”皆(jie)放此。朝，直(zhi)遥(yao)反。折，之设(she)反。
[疏]“《那》一章二十二句”至“为首”。
○正义曰：《那》诗者，祀成汤之乐歌也。成汤创业垂统，制礼作乐。及其崩也，后世以时祀之。诗人述其功业而作此歌也。又总序《商颂》废兴所由。言微子至于戴公之时，其间十有馀世，其有君闇政衰，致使礼乐废坏，令《商颂》散亡。至戴公之时，其大夫有名曰正考父者，得《商颂》十二篇於周之太师。此十二篇以《那》为首，是故孔子录《诗》之时，得其五篇，列之以备三颂也。《殷本纪》云：“主癸生天乙，是为成汤。”案《中候·雒予命》云：“天乙在亳。”注云：“天乙，汤名。”是郑以汤之名为天乙也，则成汤非复名也。《周书·谥法》者，周公所为。《礼记·檀弓》云：“死谥，周道也。”则自殷以上，未有谥法，盖生为其号，死因为谥耳。《谥法》“安民立政曰成。除残去虐曰汤”。盖以天乙有此行，故号曰成汤也。《长发》称“武王载旆”，又呼汤为武王者，以其伐桀革命，成就武功，故以武名之，非其号谥也。《国语》云：“校商之名颂十二篇。”此云：“得《商颂》十二篇。”谓於周之太师校定真伪，是从太师而得之也。言得之太师，以《那》为首，则太师先以《那》为首。矣且殷之创基，成汤为首，《那》序云“祀成汤”，明知无先《那》者，故知太师以《那》为首也。经之所陈，皆是祀汤之事。毛以终篇皆论汤之生存所行之事。郑以“奏鼓”以下，言汤孙太甲祭汤之时，有此美事，亦是祀汤而有此事，故序总云“祀成汤也”。
○笺“礼乐”至“厉公”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：礼(li)(li)乐(le)废坏者(zhe)，正(zheng)谓礼(li)(li)不(bu)行，乐(le)不(bu)用(yong)，故(gu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废坏。废坏者(zhe)，若墙屋(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)脩也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但礼(li)(li)事非(fei)一(yi)，笺(jian)略举礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大者(zhe)以言焉(yan)。由(you)君不(bu)复(fu)行礼(li)(li)，有(you)(you)司不(bu)复(fu)脩习，故(gu)忘其礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪制。由(you)君不(bu)复(fu)用(yong)乐(le)，乐(le)师不(bu)复(fu)脩习，故(gu)失其声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲折(zhe)。由(you)是礼(li)(li)乐(le)崩(beng)坏，故(gu)商诗(shi)散亡(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知孔子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，七篇已亡(wang)者(zhe)，以其考甫校(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太师，归以祀其先王(wang)，则非(fei)烦(fan)重芜秽，不(bu)是可弃者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)作序，已无(wu)七篇，明是孔子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前已亡(wang)灭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世(shi)(shi)(shi)本》云(yun)(yun)：“宋(song)(song)(song)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)弗(fu)(fu)(fu)甫何(he)(he)(he)，弗(fu)(fu)(fu)甫何(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)宋(song)(song)(song)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，宋(song)(song)(song)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)考父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，正(zheng)考甫生(sheng)(sheng)孔父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)嘉，为(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)司马(ma)华督(du)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)绝其世(shi)(shi)(shi)。其子(zi)(zi)木金父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)士。木金父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)祁父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，祁父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)防(fang)叔(shu)，为(wei)(wei)华氏所(suo)逼，奔鲁，为(wei)(wei)防(fang)大夫，故(gu)曰防(fang)叔(shu)。防(fang)叔(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)伯夏(xia)，伯夏(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)叔(shu)梁(liang)纥(he)，叔(shu)梁(liang)纥(he)生(sheng)(sheng)仲(zhong)尼(ni)，则正(zheng)考甫是孔子(zi)(zi)七世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)孔子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“其祖(zu)(zu)弗(fu)(fu)(fu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)(he)(he)，以有(you)(you)宋(song)(song)(song)而(er)(er)(er)授厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，昭七年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。服虔云(yun)(yun)：“弗(fu)(fu)(fu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)(he)(he)，宋(song)(song)(song)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)，厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄。以有(you)(you)宋(song)(song)(song)，言湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適嗣，当(dang)有(you)(you)宋(song)(song)(song)国，而(er)(er)(er)让与(yu)弟厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《宋(song)(song)(song)世(shi)(shi)(shi)家》称(cheng)厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)杀炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)自立(li)(li)，传(chuan)言弗(fu)(fu)(fu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)(he)(he)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，何(he)(he)(he)是湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)，父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒当(dang)立(li)(li)，而(er)(er)(er)炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)篡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。盖厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既杀炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，将立(li)(li)弗(fu)(fu)(fu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何(he)(he)(he)，而(er)(er)(er)何(he)(he)(he)让与(yu)厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
猗与那与，置我鞉鼓。猗，叹辞。那，多也。鞉鼓，乐之所成也。夏后氏足鼓，殷人置鼓，周人县鼓。笺云：置读曰植。植鞉鼓者，为楹贯而树之。美汤受命伐桀，定天下而作《濩》乐，故叹之。多其改夏之制，乃始植我殷家之乐鞉与鼓也。鞉虽不植，贯而摇之，亦植之类。
○猗，於宜反。与音余。下同。置，毛如字。殷人置鼓，郑作“植”字，时职反，又音值。鞉音桃，小鼓也。夏，户雅反。注同。县音玄。下同。楹音盈，柱也。贯，古乱反。濩，户故反，殷汤乐曰“大濩”。奏鼓简简，衎我烈祖。汤孙奏假，绥我思成。衎，乐也。烈祖，汤有功烈之祖也。假，大也。笺云：奏鼓，奏堂下之乐也。烈祖，汤也。汤孙，太甲也。假，升。绥，安也。以金奏堂下诸县，其声和大简简然，以乐我功烈之祖成汤。汤孙太甲又奏升堂之乐，弦歌之，乃安我心所思而成之。谓神明来格也。《礼记》曰：“齐之日，思其居处，思其笑语，思其志意，思其所乐，思其所嗜。齐三日，乃见其所为齐者。祭之日，入室，僾然必有见乎其位；周旋出户，肃然必有闻乎其容声；出户而听，忾然必有闻乎其叹息之声。”此之谓思成。
○衎，苦旦反。假，毛古雅反，郑作格，升也。乐音洛。下“以乐我”同。齐，侧皆反，本亦作“斋”。下同。耆，市志反。为，于伪反。僾音暧。忾，苦代反。鞉鼓渊渊，嘒嘒管声。既和且平，依我磬声。嘒嘒然和也。平，正平也。依，倚也。磬，声之清者也，以象万物之成。周尚臭，殷尚声。笺云：磬，玉磬也。堂下诸县与诸管声皆和平不相夺伦，又与玉磬之声相依，亦谓和平也。玉磬尊，故异言之。
○渊，古玄反，又乌玄反。嘒，呼惠反。倚，於绮反。於赫汤孙，穆穆厥声。庸鼓有斁，万舞有奕。於赫汤孙，盛矣，汤为人子孙也。大锺曰庸。斁斁然盛也。奕奕然闲也。笺云：穆穆，美也。於，盛矣！汤孙，呼太甲也。此乐之美，其声锺鼓则斁斁然有次序，其干舞又闲习。
○於音乌。注同。庸如字，依字作“镛”，大锺也。斁、奕、绎并音亦。“绎”，字又作“怿”，同。我有嘉客，亦不夷怿。自古在昔，先民有作。温恭朝夕，执事有恪。夷，说也。先王称之曰自古，古曰在昔，昔曰先民。有作，有所作也。恪，敬也。笺云：嘉客，谓二王后及诸侯来助祭者。我客之来助祭者，亦不说怿乎。言说怿也。乃大古而有此助祭礼，礼非专於今也。其礼仪温温然恭敬，执事荐馔则又敬也。
○恪，苦各(ge)反。说音悦，下(xia)同。{荐(jian)豕}，笺练反，本(ben)又作(zuo)“荐(jian)”，同。馔(zhuan)，士恋反。
顾予烝尝，汤孙之将。笺云：顾，犹念也。将，犹扶助也。嘉客念我殷家有时祭之事而来者，乃太甲之扶助也，序助者来之意也。
○烝，之丞反。
[疏]“猗与”至“汤孙之将”。
○毛以为，成汤崩后，祀於其庙。诗人美汤功业，述而叹之曰：猗与，汤之功亦甚多，而能制作《护》乐，植立我殷家鞉与鼓也。既立一代之乐，用之以祭其先。祭之时，庙中奏此鞉鼓，其声简简然而和大也，以乐我有功烈之祖。汤之上祖有功烈者，谓契、冥、相士之属也。既以乐祭祖，而德当神明，故更述汤功，美其奏乐。言汤之能为人子孙也，奏此大乐，以祭鬼神，故得降福，安我所思而得成也。思之所成者，正谓万福来宜，天下和平也。又述祭时之乐，其鞉鼓之声渊渊而和也。嘒嘒然而清烈者，是其管籥之声。诸乐之音既以和谐，且复齐平，不相夺伦，又依倚我玉磬之声，与之和合。以其乐音和谐，更复叹美成汤。於乎！赫然盛矣者，乃汤之为人之子孙也。穆穆然而美者，其乐之音声，大锺之镛与所植之鼓有斁然而盛，执其干戈为万舞者有奕然而闲习。言其用乐之得宜也。於此之时，有王者之后及诸侯来助汤祭，我有嘉善之宾客矣。其助祭也，岂亦不夷悦而怿乐乎！言其夷悦而怿乐也。此助祭之法，乃从上古在於昔代先王之民，有作此助祭之礼，非专於今，故此嘉客依礼来助祭，其仪温温然而恭敬，早朝乡夕在於宾位，其执事荐馔则有恭敬。此嘉宾所以来顾念我此烝、尝之时祭者，正以汤为人之子孙，亦有显大之德所致也。以汤能制作礼乐，善为子孙，嘉客助祭，鬼神降福，故陈其功德以歌颂之也。
○郑以“奏鼓”以下皆述汤孙祭汤之事。烈祖正谓成汤，是殷家有功烈之祖也。汤孙奏假，谓太甲奏升堂之乐。绥我思成，谓神明来格，安我所思得成也。於赫汤孙，美太甲之盛。顾予烝尝，谓嘉客念太甲之祭。汤孙之将，言来为扶助太甲。唯此为异。其文义略同。
○传“猗叹”至“县鼓”。
○正义曰：《齐风》猗嗟共文，是猗为叹，谓美而叹之也。“那，多”，《释诂》文。“鞉鼓，乐之所成”者，《礼记》曰：“鼓无当於五声，五声不得不和。”是乐之所成，在於鼓也。鞉则鼓之小者，故连言之。《王制》曰：“天子赐诸侯乐则以柷将之，赐伯子男乐则以鞉将之。”注云：“柷、鞉皆所以节乐。”是乐成亦由鞉也。“夏后氏足鼓”以下，皆《明堂位》文。所异者，唯彼“置”作“楹”。传依此经而改之矣。
○笺“置读”至“之类”。
○正义曰：《金縢》云：“植璧秉圭。”注云：“植，古置字。”然则古者置、植字同，故置读曰植。此云“植我鞉鼓”，《明堂位》作“楹鼓”，故知植鞉鼓者为楹贯而树之。《大濩》之乐，殷之乐也。此述成汤之功，而云“植我鞉鼓”，明是美汤作《濩》乐，故叹之，多其改夏之制，始植我殷家之鼓也。《吕氏春秋·仲夏纪》云：“殷汤即位，夏为无道，暴虐万民。汤於是率六州以讨桀之罪，乃命伊尹作为《大濩》，歌《晨露》，修《九招》、《六列》，以见其善。”高诱注云：“《大濩》、《晨露》、《九招》、《六列》，皆乐名也。”是成汤作《濩》乐之事也。《晨露》、《九招》、《六列》之乐，盖《大濩》之乐别曲名也。又解鞉亦称植之意，鞉虽不植，以木贯而摇之，亦植之类，故与鼓同言植也。《春官·小师》注云：“鞉如鼓而小，持其柄摇之，傍耳还自击。”是说鞉之状也。
○传“衎乐”至“假大”。
○正义曰：“衎，乐。假，大”，皆《释诂》文。下传“汤为人子孙”，则此篇上下皆述汤事。美汤之祭而云“烈祖”，则是美汤之先公有功烈者，故云“烈祖，汤有功烈之祖”。汤之前有功烈者，止契、冥、相土之属也。王肃云：“汤之为人子孙，能奏其大乐，以安我思之所成，谓万福来宜，天下和平。”
○笺“奏鼓”至“思成”。
○正义曰：礼设乐悬之位，皆锺鼓在庭，故知“奏鼓，堂下乐也”。以序称“祀成汤”，则经之所陈，是祀汤之事，不宜为汤之祀祖，故易传以烈祖为汤。下篇烈祖既是成汤，则知此亦成汤，其子孙奏鼓以乐之也。《殷本纪》“汤生太丁，太丁生太甲”。太甲，成汤適长孙也，故知汤孙谓太甲也。孙之为言，虽可以关之后世，以其追述成汤，当在初崩之后。太甲是殷之贤王，汤之亲孙，故知指谓太甲也。“假，升。绥，安”，皆《释诂》文也。以奏者作乐之名，假又正训为升，故易传以奏假为“奏升堂之乐”，对鼓在堂下，故言“奏升堂之乐”。乐之初作，皆击锺奏之，经虽言鼓，而锺亦在焉，故云“以金奏堂下诸悬”也。琴瑟在堂，故知奏升堂之乐谓弦歌之声也。於祭之时，心之所思，唯思神耳，故知安我心所思而成之，谓神明来格也。《皋陶谟》说作《箫韶》之乐得所，而云“祖考来格”，意与此协，故言“神明来格”，取彼意以为说也。所引《礼记·祭义》文也。致思之深，想若闻见，是其有所成，故引以证之，此之谓思成也。所思五事，先思居处，后思乐嗜者，先粗而后精，自外而入内也。居处，措身之所。笑语，貌之所发。此皆目所可见，是外之粗者。在内有常理可测度者，志意也。在内无常，缘物而动者，乐嗜也。内事难测，深思然后及之，故后言之也。齐三日乃见其所为齐者，谓致齐也。散齐则不御不吊而已，未能至於深思而及此五事也。祭之日，所以得有出户而听者，彼注云“周旋出户”，谓设荐时也。无尸者阖户，若食间则有出户而听之，是由无尸者有阖户出听之事也。古之祭者，莫不以孙行者为尸。而得有无尸者，《士虞记》云：“无尸则礼及荐馔皆如初。”注云：“无尸，谓无孙列可使者也。”是祭有无尸者，故作《记》者言及之也。
○传“磬声”至“尚声”。
○正义曰：传意亦以磬为玉磬。《聘义》说玉之德云：“其声清越以长。”是玉声必清，故云“声之清者”，解其别言依磬之意也。象万物之成者，以秋天是万物成就之时，其律吕数短，声调皆清，故《楚辞》宋玉云：“秋之为气也，天高而气清。”“周尚臭，殷尚声”，《郊特牲》文。言此者，以祭祀之礼有食有乐，此诗美成汤之祭先祖，不言酒食，唯论声乐，由其殷人尚声，故解之。
○笺“磬，玉磬”。
○正义曰：此申说传意，言磬声清之意也。知是玉磬者，以锺鼓磬管同为乐器，磬非乐之主，而云鼓管和平，来依磬声，明此异於常磬，非石磬也。《皋陶谟》云“戛击鸣球”，谓玉磬也。成二年《左传》“齐人赂晋以玉磬”，是古人以玉为磬也。由玉磬尊，故异言之。
○传“於赫”至“然闲”。
○正义曰：毛以此篇祀成汤，美汤之德，而云汤孙，故云“汤善为人之子孙”也。以上句言“衎我烈祖”，陈汤之祭祖，故以孙对之。子孙祭祖，而谓祖善为人之子孙，犹《闵予小子》言皇考之“念兹皇祖，永世克孝”也。此篇三云“汤孙”，於此为传者，举中以明上下也。《释乐》云：“大锺谓之镛。”是大锺曰庸也。以斁为锺鼓之状，故为盛。奕，万舞之容，故为闲也。笺云：“斁斁然有次序。”亦言其音声盛也。
○笺“嘉客”至“扶助”。
○正义曰：《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》、《祭统》言四时(shi)祭名，皆云(yun)(yun)春(chun)礿、夏(xia)(xia)禘、秋尝(chang)(chang)、冬(dong)烝。注以为(wei)，夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)祭名是烝、尝(chang)(chang)为(wei)时(shi)祭，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“念我(wo)殷(yin)家有时(shi)祭之事而(er)来(lai)也”。若(ruo)然，《郊特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)：“飨禘有乐，而(er)食尝(chang)(chang)无乐，故(gu)春(chun)禘而(er)秋尝(chang)(chang)。”注：“禘当(dang)为(wei)礿字之误(wu)也。”《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“春(chun)礿、夏(xia)(xia)禘。”郑(zheng)引《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)以正《特(te)牲》之文，则(ze)《特(te)牲》所云(yun)(yun)“食尝(chang)(chang)无乐”，当(dang)是夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)礼(li)矣。此云(yun)(yun)“烝、尝(chang)(chang)”，则(ze)是秋冬(dong)之祭。而(er)上句盛(sheng)陈声(sheng)乐者，此经所陈，总论四时(shi)之祭，非独为(wei)秋冬(dong)发，文直取(qu)烝、尝(chang)(chang)之言为(wei)韵(yun)耳。纵使尝(chang)(chang)实无乐，而(er)礿、禘有之，故(gu)得言其(qi)声(sheng)乐也。且礼(li)文残缺(que)，郑(zheng)以异於周(zhou)法者，即便推为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)、殷(yin)，未必(bi)食尝(chang)(chang)无乐，非夏(xia)(xia)礼(li)也。笺以汤(tang)孙(sun)为(wei)太甲，故(gu)言太甲之扶助。传以汤(tang)为(wei)人(ren)之子孙(sun)，则(ze)将当(dang)训为(wei)大(da)，不得与郑(zheng)同也。王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)云(yun)(yun)：“言嘉客顾我(wo)烝尝(chang)(chang)而(er)来(lai)者，乃汤(tang)为(wei)人(ren)子孙(sun)显大(da)之所致也。”
《那》一章(zhang)，二(er)十二(er)句。
《烈祖》，祀中宗也。中宗，殷王大戊，汤之玄孙也。有桑穀之异，惧而修德，殷道复兴，故表显之，号为中宗。
○烈祖(zu)烈祖(zu)，有功烈之祖(zu)。复(fu)，扶(fu)又反。下(xia)“亦复(fu)”同(tong)。
[疏]“《烈祖》一章二十二句”。
○正义曰：《烈祖》诗者，祀中宗之乐歌也。谓中宗既崩之后，子孙祀之。诗人述中宗之德，陈其祭时之事而作此歌焉。经称成汤王有天下，中宗承而兴之，诸侯助祭，神明降福，皆是祀时之事，故言祀以总之。
○笺“中宗”至“中宗”。
○正义曰(yue)：案《殷(yin)本纪》云：“汤(tang)生太丁，太丁生太甲。崩，子沃丁立(li)。崩，弟(di)太庚(geng)立(li)。崩，子小甲立(li)。崩，弟(di)雍己立(li)。崩，弟(di)大戊(wu)立(li)。”是太戊(wu)为(wei)汤(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄孙也(ye)(ye)。《本纪》又(you)云：“太戊(wu)立(li)。亳(bo)有(you)(you)(you)祥(xiang)桑穀共生於(wu)朝，一暮大拱。大戊(wu)惧，问伊(yi)陟。伊(yi)陟曰(yue)：’帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)阙与？帝其(qi)修德(de)。’大戊(wu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)祥(xiang)桑穀枯死(si)。殷(yin)复兴，诸(zhu)侯(hou)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)称中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。”是表(biao)显立(li)号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。《礼》“王者(zhe)祖有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)(you)(you)德(de)，不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)”，故(gu)《异义》：《诗鲁》说(shuo)丞相(xiang)匡衡以(yi)为(wei)殷(yin)中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，周成、宣(xuan)王皆以(yi)时毁(hui)(hui)(hui)；《古文尚书(shu)》说(shuo)经(jing)称中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，明(ming)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)；谨案，《春秋公羊》御史大夫贡禹说(shuo)，王者(zhe)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)(you)(you)德(de)，庙(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)而(er)(er)复毁(hui)(hui)(hui)，非尊德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。郑从而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)驳，明(ming)亦以(yi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)。则非徒六庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)已。郑言殷(yin)六庙(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)其(qi)正者(zhe)而(er)(er)言也(ye)(ye)。《礼稽命徵》曰(yue)：“殷(yin)五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)，至於(wu)子孙六。”注云：“契为(wei)始祖，汤(tang)为(wei)受命王，各立(li)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)，与亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)四，故(gu)六。”是此六者(zhe)决定不(bu)(bu)毁(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)郑据(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)为(wei)殷(yin)立(li)六庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。至於(wu)中(zhong)兴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，有(you)(you)(you)德(de)则宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)既无常，数亦不(bu)(bu)定，故(gu)郑不(bu)(bu)数二宗(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)。
嗟嗟烈祖！有秩斯祜，申锡无疆，及尔斯所。既载清酤，赉我思成。秩，常。申，重。酤，酒。赉，赐也。笺云：祜，福也。赉读如往来之来。嗟嗟乎！我功烈之祖成汤，既有此王天下之常福，天又重赐之以无竟界之期，其福乃及女之此所。女，女中宗也。言承汤之业，能兴之也。既载清酒於尊，酌以祼献，而神灵来至。我致齐之所思则用成。重言嗟嗟，美叹之深。
○祜音户。疆，居良反，竟也。下同。酤音户。赉，毛如字，郑音来。重，直用反。下皆同。王天下，于况反。竟音境，本又作“境”。祼，古乱反。齐，侧皆反，本亦作“斋”。亦有和羹，既戒既平。鬷假无言，时靡有争。绥我眉寿，黄耇无疆。戒，至。鬷，緫。假，大也。緫大，无言无争也。笺云：和羹者，五味调，腥熟得节，食之於人性安和，喻诸侯有和顺之德也。我既祼献，神灵来至，亦复由有和顺之诸侯来助祭也。其在庙中既恭肃敬戒矣，既齐立平列矣，至于设荐进俎，又緫升堂而齐一，皆服其职，劝其事，寂然无言语者，无争讼者。此由其心平性和，神灵用之故，安我以寿考之福，归美焉。
○鬷，子东反。假，毛古雅反，郑音格，至也。下“以假以享”同。争，争斗之争。注同。绥音妥，安也。耇音苟。緫音揔。调音条。祼音灌。约軧错衡，八鸾鸧鸧。以假以享，我受命溥将。自天降康，丰年穰穰。八鸾鸧鸧，言文德之有声也。假，大也。笺云：约軧，毂饰也。鸾在镳，四马则八鸾。假，升也。享，献也。将，犹助也。诸侯来助祭者，乘篆毂金饰错衡之车，驾四马，其鸾鸧鸧然声和。言车服之得其正也。以此来朝，升堂献其国之所有，於我受政教，至祭祀又溥助我。言得万国之欢心也。天於是下平安之福，使年丰。
○軧，祁支反。错如字，徐又采故反。鸧，七羊反，本又作“锵”。溥音普。攘如羊反。毂饰，古木反，下音式。镳，彼苗反。篆，直转反。朝，直遥反。来假来飨，降福无疆。笺云：飨，谓献酒使神享之也。诸侯助祭者来升堂，来献酒，神灵又下与我久长之福也。
○假音(yin)格，郑云“升也(ye)”，王云“至也(ye)”。
顾予烝尝，汤孙(sun)之将。笺(jian)云：此(ci)祭中宗，诸侯来(lai)助之。所言汤孙(sun)之将者，中宗之享此(ci)祭，由汤之功，故(gu)本言之。
[疏]“嗟嗟”至“之将”。
○毛以为，中宗崩后，子孙祀之。中宗之有天下，乃由成汤创业，作者述成汤之功，言其福流於后，故言“嗟嗟乎，我功烈之祖成汤”也。有常者，是此王天下之福，言当常王天下也。成汤既有此福，天又重赐我商家以无疆境之期，故得及尔中宗以此处所也。谓能成汤之业，复使中兴也。中宗既有此业，故祭祀之。既载清酒於樽，酌以祼献，以其絜敬之故，神明赐之我所思而得成。亦谓万福来宜，天下和平也。其祭之时，非直群臣而已，亦有和羹也。羹者，五味调和，以喻诸侯有和顺之德。此和顺诸侯来在庙中，既肃敬而戒至矣，既齐立於列位矣，莫不总集大众而能寂然无言语者，於时凡在庙中无有争讼者，以此故神灵安我孝子以秀眉之寿，使得黄发耇老无有疆境之福也。既言在庙助祭，又本其初来之时，所乘之车，以朱篆约其长毂之軧，以采饰错置於衡之上，其八鸾之声则锵锵然。以其大礼而来，以献国之所有，於我殷王受其政教之命。至祭祀之时，又溥来助祭。由此得万国之欢心，故从天下平安之福，故获得丰年穰穰然而每物丰多也。既言天使之丰，又说神降之福。中宗之神来至其坐矣，来享其祭矣，乃下与大福，无有疆境也。又言诸侯所以来故。念我此烝、尝之时祭者，乃由汤善为人子孙，亦显大之所致也。此祭中宗，而引汤善为子孙者，以汤是商家王业之所起，故归功於汤。
○郑以赉我思成，谓神灵来至，我孝子所思得成也。鬷假无言，谓总集升堂皆无言语也。以假以享，谓来朝升堂献国之所有也。来假，谓诸侯来升堂献酒。来飨，谓神来歆飨之。汤孙之将，正谓此时设祭之君，诸侯来扶助之。然则此时祭者，当是中宗子孙，而云汤孙者，中宗之飨此祭，由汤之功，故本言之。虽中宗子孙，亦是汤远孙，故亦得言汤孙也。唯此为异。其文义略同。
○传“秩常”至“赉赐”。
○正义曰：“秩，常”，“申，重”，“赉，赐”，皆《释诂》文也。言赐我思成者，王肃云：“先祖赐我思之所欲成也。”知酤是酒者，以此说祭事，而云“既载清酤”，文与《旱麓》“清酒既载”事同，故知酤是酒也。
○笺“祜福”至“思成”。
○正义曰：“祜，福”，《释诂》文。以思成者，齐之所思成也。思之得成，由神明来格，故知赉读如往来之来。商之王功起於汤，故知功烈之祖正谓成汤也。王天下之常福，言汤之子孙常王天下也。既言常福，又言重赐无疆界，福之长短，天之所赐，故知是天重赐之也。及汝之此所，所谓处所，言中宗之得中兴，是天福之所及也。此祭，祭中宗也，故知汝者，汝中宗也。言中宗承汤之业，能中兴之故，陈汤有常福，以及中宗也。酒者，祼献所用，故知既载清酒於樽，谓酌以祼献。案《礼》言周法祼用郁鬯，殷礼虽则不明其祼，亦应用郁。而云用酒以祼献者，郁鬯酿秬为酒，筑郁金草和之而已，揔而言之，亦是酒也。诗人所述，举其大纲，非如记事立制，曲辩酒齐之异。清酤之言，可兼祼献之用，故郑并举祼献以充之。
○传“戒至”至“言无争也”。
○正义曰：言戒至者，谓恭肃敬戒而至，非训戒为至也。鬷、揔，古今字之异也，故转之以从今。“假，大”，《释诂》文。“揔大，无言无争”者，以诸侯大众揔集，或有言语忿争，故云无言无争，美其能心平性和也。
○笺“和羹”至“美焉”。
○正义曰：祭之设馔，有大羹、鉶羹，何知不实论羹，而以为喻诸侯有和顺之德者，以昭二十年《左传》“晏子曰：‘和如羹焉，水、火、醯、醢、盐、梅，以烹鱼肉，燀之以薪，宰夫和之，齐之以味，济其不及，以泄其过。君子食之，以平其心。君臣亦然。’”故曰“亦有和羹，既戒且平。鬷假无言，时靡有争”。彼引此和羹，证君臣之和，则知以和羹为喻，非实羹也。下句“约軧错衡”，诸侯来朝之事，无言无争，又美助祭之人，故知亦有和羹，谓诸侯对朝廷群臣而称“亦”也。《释诂》假为升，故易传以鬷假为“设荐进俎”之时，诸侯揔集而升堂齐一也。神之降福，自祭之得礼，非独为助祭者也。而云“神灵用是之故，安我以寿考之福”者，善其助祭得礼，故归美焉。
○传“八鸾”至“假大”。
○正义曰：此解在车之饰，非直鸾和而已。独言鸾声之意，故云“言文德之有声也”。有声，谓此助祭诸侯有文德、有声闻，故作者因事见义，举其鸾声以显之。传训假为大，而其义不明，但軧衡是诸侯之车，以享谓献国之所有，则“以假”亦是来朝之事，当谓以大礼而来朝也。
○笺“约軧”至“欢心”。
○正义曰：軧者，长毂之名；约，谓以采色缠约之，故云“约軧，毂饰也”。《采芑》言“约軧错衡”，文与此同。传云：“朱而约之。”则此亦当以皮缠约而朱漆之也。郑於《秦风·驷驖》之笺云：“置鸾於镳，异於乘车。”《礼记》注云：“鸾在衡。”则郑以乘车之鸾必在衡，而此之鸾在镳者，以鸾之所在，经无正文，而殷周或异，故从旧说，以为在镳，以示不敢质也。言篆毂金饰者，《考工记》云：“容毂必直，陈篆必正。”注云：“篆，毂约也。容毂者，治毂为之形容。”彼言篆毂，即此约軧，故言“诸侯来助祭者，乘篆毂金饰错衡之车”也。知金饰者，以《采芑》“约軧错衡”与“辂车有奭”连文，奭，赤貌，则彼是金辂。彼为金辂，则此亦金辂，知约軧错衡为金饰也。案《春官》巾车之职，“金辂，同姓以封”，则王子母弟同姓公侯乃得乘金辂耳。殷礼虽亡，不应三等之爵皆乘金辂。此说诸侯来助，独言金辂，举其尊者言之耳。假之为升，乃是正训。诸侯之朝，必升堂授玉，故易传以假为来朝升堂也。朝必献国所有，故言以享也。既行朝礼，后乃助祭，故云“至祭祀又溥助我，言其得万国之欢心”也。
○笺“享谓”至“献酒”。
○正义曰：笺以说祭之事，而云来享，故知是献酒使神享之也。献酒必升堂，故知来假谓来升堂献酒也。传於上下“假”皆不训为升，则此亦不得与郑同也。王肃云：“祖考来至，来享嘉荐。”然则音为格，故训为至也。
○笺“此祭”至“言之”。
○正义曰：此祭(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)，在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)崩后，当(dang)是中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)子孙，而(er)云“汤(tang)孙”，故(gu)知本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)，传於上篇以“汤(tang)孙”为“汤(tang)为人子孙”，则(ze)此亦当(dang)然。祭(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)而(er)美汤(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)为人子孙者(zhe)，王肃云：“祭(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)而(er)引汤(tang)者(zhe)，本(ben)王业之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)起也(ye)。”
《烈(lie)祖(zu)》一章，二十二句。
《玄鸟》，祀高宗也。祀当为“祫”。祫，合也。高宗，殷王武丁，中宗玄孙之孙也。有雊雉之异，又惧而修德，殷道复兴，故亦表显之，号为高宗。云崩而始合祭於契之庙，歌是诗焉。古者，君丧三年既毕，禘於其庙，而后祫祭於太祖。明年春，禘于群庙。自此之后，五年而再殷祭。一禘一祫，《春秋》谓之大事。
○玄(xuan)鸟(niao)玄(xuan)鸟(niao)，燕也(ye)(ye)，一(yi)名鳦，音(yin)乙。祀，毛上(shang)如字(zi)，郑作“祫(xia)”，户(hu)夹(jia)反(fan)，三(san)年(nian)(nian)丧(sang)毕之祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)。雊，古(gu)(gu)(gu)豆反(fan)。之异，《尚书》云“高宗祭(ji)成汤，有(you)飞雉升(sheng)鼎耳而雊”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。复，扶又反(fan)。契，息(xi)列反(fan)，殷之始祖也(ye)(ye)；本又作“偰”，同；又作“卨”，古(gu)(gu)(gu)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)。后放此。“古(gu)(gu)(gu)者，丧(sang)三(san)年(nian)(nian)既毕，祫(xia)于(yu)大祖。明年(nian)(nian)，禘于(yu)群(qun)庙”，一(yi)本作“古(gu)(gu)(gu)者，君(jun)丧(sang)三(san)年(nian)(nian)既毕，禘于(yu)其庙，而后祫(xia)祭(ji)于(yu)太祖。明年(nian)(nian)春，禘于(yu)群(qun)庙。”案此序一(yi)，注旧有(you)两本，前祫(xia)后禘是(shi)(shi)前本，禘夹(jia)一(yi)祫(xia)是(shi)(shi)后本也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“《玄鸟》一章二十二句”。
○正义曰：《玄鸟》诗者，祀高宗之乐歌也。郑以“祀”为“祫”，谓高宗崩，三年丧毕，始为祫祭於契之庙。诗人述其事而作此歌焉，以高宗上能兴汤之功，下能垂法后世，故经远本玄鸟生契。“帝命武汤”，言高宗能兴其功业，又述武丁孙子无不胜服，四海来至，百禄所归。言高宗之功，泽流后世，因祫祭而美其事，故序言祫以总之。毛无破字之理，未必以此为祫。或与《殷武》同为时祀，但所述之事自有广狭耳。
○笺“祀当”至“大事”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“祀”当(dang)(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)“祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所陈(chen)，乃(nai)(nai)上述(shu)玄鸟生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)商，及(ji)(ji)(ji)成汤受(shou)命。若是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)时常祀，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应远颂上祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)武(wu)》与(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)祀，《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)武(wu)》所陈(chen)，高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)身事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，则(ze)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与(yu)彼殊，宜当(dang)(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)。案《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)本纪(ji)》，太(tai)(tai)戊(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仲丁及(ji)(ji)(ji)外壬及(ji)(ji)(ji)河(he)亶甲，亶甲生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乙，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乙生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)辛(xin)(xin)，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)辛(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)丁，祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)丁生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)阳(yang)甲及(ji)(ji)(ji)盘庚(geng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)小(xiao)辛(xin)(xin)及(ji)(ji)(ji)小(xiao)乙，小(xiao)乙生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)武(wu)丁。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)丁为(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)戊(wu)玄孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)。《书》序(xu)云(yun)：“高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祭(ji)(ji)成汤，有(you)飞雉升(sheng)鼎耳而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)雊，作(zuo)《高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)肜日(ri)》。”《殷(yin)(yin)(yin)本纪(ji)》称“武(wu)丁见雉升(sheng)鼎耳，惧(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)脩(xiu)政行德(de)，天下(xia)咸欢，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)道复(fu)兴，立(li)其(qi)(qi)庙(miao)，为(wei)(wei)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”《丧(sang)(sang)服四(si)(si)制》说高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)云(yun)：“当(dang)(dang)(dang)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，殷(yin)(yin)(yin)衰而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)复(fu)兴，礼(li)(li)(li)废(fei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)复(fu)起，高(gao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)道复(fu)兴，表显立(li)号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)》三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)，祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)新(xin)崩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)序(xu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)昭穆(mu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)崩，丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，新(xin)与(yu)群(qun)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)始(shi)合祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)，故(gu)(gu)诗(shi)人因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，乃(nai)(nai)述(shu)序(xu)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)歌此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)焉。郑《驳异义(yi)》云(yun)：“三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，百王(wang)通义(yi)，则(ze)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)，三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)为(wei)(wei)。”而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)必(bi)知此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)崩而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)始(shi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)云(yun)“祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)”。若是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)常祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，则(ze)毁(hui)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)陈(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，未毁(hui)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)升(sheng)合食(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，使遍(bian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独(du)主(zhu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。今序(xu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，故(gu)(gu)知是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)崩后(hou)(hou)初祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)也(ye)。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)崩而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)始(shi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，因(yin)(yin)辩(bian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)，及(ji)(ji)(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)君(jun)丧(sang)(sang)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏数(shu)(shu)也(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》及(ji)(ji)(ji)《王(wang)制》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)：“鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)，三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)，祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)庙(miao)。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)。一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)。”彼二(er)(er)(er)注(zhu)，其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)正同。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)“鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)”，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)君(jun)丧(sang)(sang)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，谓鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)笺(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)《礼(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)所言(yan)(yan)(yan)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)疏数(shu)(shu)，经(jing)(jing)无正文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)郑作(zuo)《鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)志(zhi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)略云(yun)：鲁(lu)庄公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)薨(hong)，闵(min)(min)(min)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时，庆父使贼杀子(zi)般之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，闵(min)(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)心惧(ju)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)难，务自(zi)(zi)尊成，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厌其(qi)(qi)祸。至二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，其(qi)(qi)间有(you)闰。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)禫(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)，夏(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)则(ze)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，又即(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。比(bi)月(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)速。讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)速者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)当(dang)(dang)(dang)异岁(sui)也(ye)。经(jing)(jing)独(du)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“吉(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庄公(gong)(gong)”，闵(min)(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服凡二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)少四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)，又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禫(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，无恩也(ye)。鲁(lu)闵(min)(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)，公(gong)(gong)薨(hong)。僖(xi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，乃(nai)(nai)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)，六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，故(gu)(gu)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)经(jing)(jing)曰(yue)：“秋七(qi)月(yue)(yue)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)，用(yong)致(zhi)夫(fu)人。”然致(zhi)夫(fu)人自(zi)(zi)鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)，因(yin)(yin)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)哀姜，故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)焉。鲁(lu)僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)薨(hong)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。僖(xi)薨(hong)至此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)(chu)，间有(you)闰，积(ji)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)，从闵(min)(min)(min)除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禫(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，故(gu)(gu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)月(yue)(yue)即(ji)(ji)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。经(jing)(jing)云(yun)：“八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)丁卯，大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)，跻僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服亦(yi)少四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)刺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)恩也(ye)。鲁(lu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)薨(hong)，宣二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)，与(yu)僖(xi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同。六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，故(gu)(gu)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。经(jing)(jing)曰(yue)：“夏(xia)(xia)六月(yue)(yue)，辛(xin)(xin)巳，有(you)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)，仲遂卒於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垂。”说者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)，有(you)事(shi)(shi)谓禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，为(wei)(wei)仲遂卒张本，故(gu)(gu)略之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)事(shi)(shi)耳。鲁(lu)昭公(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia)(xia)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)，夫(fu)人归(gui)氏薨(hong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia)(xia)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)祥，七(qi)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。公(gong)(gong)会刘子(zi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)侯(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)丘，公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得志(zhi)。八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)归(gui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。冬(dong)(dong)，公(gong)(gong)如晋。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)归(gui)乃(nai)(nai)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。故(gu)(gu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)乃(nai)(nai)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。经(jing)(jing)曰(yue)：“二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)癸酉，有(you)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)宫。”传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)：“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)。”及(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)“将(jiang)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)襄公(gong)(gong)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)；二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兹明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。儒家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)，通俗(su)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，学(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)竞(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)其(qi)(qi)闻，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)讻讻争(zheng)论，从数(shu)(shu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)来矣(yi)。窃念《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，书天子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)中失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，得礼(li)(li)(li)则(ze)善(shan)，违(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)则(ze)讥(ji)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发起是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非，故(gu)(gu)据而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)述(shu)焉。从其(qi)(qi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)，考其(qi)(qi)疏数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)粗记注(zhu)焉。鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)，三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)，则(ze)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)庙(miao)。僖(xi)也(ye)，宜也(ye)，八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)，则(ze)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》所云(yun)“五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)”，祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)在六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂位》曰(yue)：“鲁(lu)，王(wang)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相准况，可知也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑君(jun)考校鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)疏数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。闵(min)(min)(min)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庄公(gong)(gong)，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)(jing)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，经(jing)(jing)无祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)事(shi)(shi)。郑知四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)经(jing)(jing)书“大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)”，《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)：“大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)。”彼是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，则(ze)知闵(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，亦(yi)当(dang)(dang)(dang)先(xian)有(you)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时有(you)庆父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难，君(jun)子(zi)原情免之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但为(wei)(wei)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成尊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假(jia)更复(fu)为(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)又禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书“吉(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”也(ye)。讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未应从吉(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)知明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)当(dang)(dang)(dang)异岁(sui)也(ye)。且五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)，乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，后(hou)(hou)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)去前禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi)。僖(xi)也(ye)，宣也(ye)，皆(jie)(jie)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)知前禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当(dang)(dang)(dang)在三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)，祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)在除(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)宜在三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)与(yu)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)当(dang)(dang)(dang)异岁(sui)也(ye)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》上下(xia)考校，知其(qi)(qi)必(bi)然，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)笺(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)《礼(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)定解(jie)，仍恐(kong)后(hou)(hou)学(xue)致(zhi)惑，故(gu)(gu)又作(zuo)《志(zhi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如《志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)，先(xian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，恐(kong)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)便，无义(yi)例也(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)，指谓文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)耳。其(qi)(qi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》或(huo)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，或(huo)云(yun)有(you)事(shi)(shi)，皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)。僖(xi)、宣八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)笺(jian)或(huo)云(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君(jun)丧(sang)(sang)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)，禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)庙(miao)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)再(zai)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)误也(ye)。何则(ze)？《礼(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)《志(zhi)》皆(jie)(jie)无此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)独(du)有(you)也(ye)。定本亦(yi)无此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。
天命玄鸟，降而生商，宅殷土芒芒。玄鸟，鳦也。春分，玄鸟降。汤之先祖有娀氏女简狄配高辛氏帝，帝率与之祈于郊禖而生契，故本其为天所命，以玄鸟至而生焉。芒芒，大貌。笺云：降，下也。天使鳦下而生商者，谓鳦遗卵，娀氏之女简狄吞之而生契，为尧司徒，有功，封商。尧知其后将兴，又锡其姓焉。自契至汤，八迁始居亳之殷地而受命，国日以广大芒芒然。汤之受命，由契之功，故本其天意。
○芒，莫刚反。后同。娀，夙忠反，契母之本国名。郊禖音梅，本亦作“高禖”。卵，力管反。亳，傍各反。地名。古帝命武汤，正域彼四方。方命厥后，奄有九有。正，长。域，有也。九有，九州也。笺云：古帝，天也。天帝命有威武之德者成汤，使之长有邦域，为政於天下。方命其君，谓徧告诸侯也。汤有是德，故覆有九州，为之王也。
○长，张丈反。下同。徧音遍。商之先后，受命不殆，在武丁孙子。武丁，高宗也。笺云：后，君也。商之先君受天命而行之不解殆者，在高宗之孙子。言高宗兴汤之功，法度明也。
○解音懈。武丁孙子，武王靡不胜。龙旂十乘，大糦是承。胜，任也。笺云：交龙为旂。糦，黍稷也。高宗之孙子有武功、有王德於天下者，无所不胜服。乃有诸侯建龙旂者十乘，奉承黍稷而进之者，亦言得诸侯之欢心。十乘者，二王后、八州之大国。
○武王，于况反，又如字。注同。胜，毛音升，郑式证反。乘，绳证反。注同。糦，尺志反，《韩诗》云：“大祭也。”任音壬。下“何任”同。邦畿千里，维民所止，肇域彼四海。畿，疆也。笺云：止犹居也。肇，当作“兆”。王畿千里之内，其民居安，乃后兆域正天下之经界。言其为政自内及外。
○疆，居良反。
四海来假，来假祁祁。景员维河，殷受命咸宜，百禄是何。景，大。员，均。何，任也。笺云：假，至也。祁祁，众多也。员，古文作云。河之言何也。天下既蒙王之政令，皆得其所，而来朝觐贡献。其至也祁祁然众多。其所贡於殷大至，所云维言何乎？言殷王之受命皆其宜也。百禄是何，谓当檐负天之多福。
○假音格。下同(tong)(tong)。祁(qi)，巨移反(fan)，或上之(zhi)、尺之(zhi)二反(fan)。员，毛(mao)音圆，郑音云(yun)。河(he)，王以为河(he)水。本或作“何”。何音河(he)，又河(he)可反(fan)。本亦作“荷”，音同(tong)(tong)。郑云(yun)：“担负(fu)也。”下篇(pian)“何天”同(tong)(tong)。朝(chao)，直遥(yao)反(fan)。担，都蓝反(fan)。下篇(pian)同(tong)(tong)。
[疏]“天命”至“是何”。
○毛以为，契母简狄，於春分玄鸟至日，祁於高禖而生契，封商，后世有此殷国。今以高宗有国，本而美之。言上天命此玄鸟，使下而生此商国，故契之子孙得居此殷土，其国境广大芒芒然。既总言天命生商，又指陈商兴之节。古之天帝命有威武之德者成汤，令长有彼四方之国，谓为之君长，有其土地。天既命成汤为长，又令四方归之。方方命其诸侯之君，使归成汤，故得同有此九州之民也。成汤既受天命，子孙又能循之。商之先君受天之命，年世延长，所以不至危殆者，在此高宗武丁善为人之孙子也。此武丁为人之子孙，行其先祖武德之王道，威德盛大，无所不胜任之也。故於此祀高宗也，乃有诸侯建龙旂者十乘来助殷祭。於祭之时，有大黍稷之食，此诸侯於是奉承而进之。言高宗泽及天下，故子孙祭之，得万国之欢心也。高宗前世，殷政衰微，又述高宗能兴之状。殷之邦畿之内，地方千里，维是民之所安止矣，然后始有彼四海。言高宗为政，先安畿内之民，后安四海之国，以为己有。由此能有彼四海，故四海诸侯莫不来至。其来至也，祁祁然数甚众多。此众多诸侯，其辞皆云：殷王之政甚大均矣，维如河之润物然。言其无不霑及也。成汤既受天命，子孙克循其道，则殷之受命皆得其宜，故百众福禄於是宜担负之。高宗兴殷之道，能为四海所庆，故因其祀也，述而歌之。郑以为，简狄吞鳦卵生契，故言“天命玄鸟，降而生商”也。正域彼四方，言长有邦域，为政於四方。又以奄为覆，言覆有九州，为之王也。又受命不怠，在武丁孙子，谓行之不解怠者，在武丁之孙子。言高宗兴汤之功，法度著明，以教戒后世，子孙行之不解怠也。武王靡不胜，谓武丁孙子有武功、有王德者，於天下无所不胜。由高宗功被后世，故子孙能服天下也。兆域彼四海，谓正天下之经界，为营兆境域，以至於彼四海也。景云维河，言诸侯大至，所言维云何乎？殷受命咸宜，百禄是荷，即其言之所云也。唯此为异。馀文义略同。
○传“玄鸟”至“大貌”。
○正义曰：《释鸟》云：“燕燕，鳦也。”色玄，故又名为玄鸟。毛氏不信谶纬，以天无命鸟生人之理。而《月令》仲春云：“是月也，玄鸟至之日，以大牢祀于高禖。天子亲往，后妃率九嫔御。”玄鸟降日，则有祀郊禖之礼也。《大戴礼·帝系篇》说“帝喾卜其四妃之子，皆有天下”，云“有娀氏女简狄”，则契为高辛之子；简狄，高辛之妃。而云玄鸟至生商，则是以玄鸟至日祈而得之也，故以为“春分，玄鸟降。汤之先祖简狄祈郊禖而生契”也。玄鸟以春分而至，气候之常，非天命之使生契。但天之生契，将令王有天下，故本其欲为天所命，以玄鸟至而生焉。记其祈福之时，美其得天之命，故言天命玄鸟，使下生商也。玄鸟之来，非从天至，而谓之降者，重之若自天来然。《月令》“季春，戴胜降于桑”，注云：“是时恒在桑，言降者，若始自天来，重之，故称降也。”襄四年《左传》称“芒芒禹迹，画为九州”，是芒芒为大貌也。
○笺“天使”至“天意”。
○正义曰：郑以《中候契握》云“玄鸟翔水遗卵，流，娀简吞之，生契，封商”，《殷本纪》云“简狄行浴，见玄鸟堕其卵，简狄取吞之，因孕生契”，此二文及诸纬言吞鳦生契者多矣，故郑据之以易传也。《书》序云：“自契至於成汤，八迁，汤始居亳。”又云：“盘庚五迁，将治亳殷。”於汤言居亳，於盘庚言亳殷，则殷是亳地之小别名，故知汤是亳之殷地而受命之也。自契至汤八迁者，皇甫谧云：“史失其传，故不得详。”是八迁地名不可知也。其亳地在河、洛之间，《书序》注云：“今属河南偃师。”《地理志》河南郡有偃师县有尸乡，“殷汤所都”也。皇甫谧云：“学者咸以为亳在河、洛之间今河南偃师西二十里有尸乡亭是也。谧考之事实，失其正也。《孟子》称汤居亳，与葛为邻。案《地理志》，葛今梁国宁陵之葛乡是也。汤地七十里耳。葛伯不祀，汤使亳众为之耕，有童子饷食，葛伯夺而杀之。古文《仲虺之诰》曰：‘汤征，自葛始。’计宁陵去偃师八百里，而使亳众为耕，有童子饷食，非其理也。今梁国自有二台也，南亳在穀熟之地，北亳在蒙地，非偃师也。《书》序曰‘盘庚五迁，将治亳殷’，即偃师是也。然则殷有三亳，二在梁国，一在河、洛之间。穀熟为南亳，即汤都也。蒙为北亳，即景亳，是汤所受命也。偃师为西亳，即盘庚所徙者也。”《立政》之篇曰“三亳阪尹”是也。如谧之言，非无理矣。郑必以亳为尸乡者，以《地理志》言尸乡为殷汤所都，是旧说为然，故从之也。且《中候格予命》云：“天乙在亳，东观于洛。”若亳在梁国，则居於洛东，不得东观於洛也。所言三亳，阪尹谓其尹在阪。谧之所言三亳，其地非皆有阪，故《立政》注云：“三亳者，汤旧都之民分为三邑，其长居险，故云阪尹。盖东成皋，南轘辕，西降谷也。”是郑以三亳为分亳民於三处有亳地也。杜预以景亳为周地。河南巩县西南有汤亭，或说即偃师也。《汉书音义》曰：“臣瓒案：汤居亳，今济阴薄县是也。今薄有汤冢，已氏有伊尹冢，皆相近。”又以亳为济阴薄县。以其经无正文，故各为异说。地名变易，难得而详也。《孟子》称汤以七十里有天下，则汤之初国犹尚小耳。言日以广大芒芒然，谓至汤身而渐大也。又解将述成汤，而远言契意。以汤之受命，由契之功，故本其天意而言契之初生也。
○传“正长”至“九州”。
○正义曰：“正，长”，《释诂》文。“域，有”者，言封域之内，皆为己有，非训域为有也。言“奄有九有”，是同有天下之辞，言分天下以为九分，皆为己有，故知“九有，九州”也。传於奄字皆训为同。王肃云“同有九州之贡赋也”。
○笺“古帝”至“之王”。
○正义曰：汤之受命，上天命之，故知古帝谓天也。《尚书纬》云：“曰若稽古帝尧。”稽，同也。古，天也。是谓天为古，故得称天为古帝也。方命其君，谓於四方之国，方方命之，故为遍告诸侯。言汤有是德，天道远矣，非与人道言。云遍告之者，正谓授汤圣德，令之所征无敌，使诸侯遍闻，是遍告之也。
○传“武丁，高宗”。
○正义曰：作诗所以称王名者，王肃云：“殷质，以名著。商之先君成汤受天命，所以不危殆者，在武丁之为人孙子也。”毛以为，汤孙，汤为人子孙，则此亦当如肃言也。
○笺“商之”至“度明”。
○正义曰：商之先君受天命，成汤是也。以天下之大，王业之重，创基甚难，守亦不易，故言行之不懈怠者，在高宗之孙子。美此高宗孙子，能得行之不懈怠也。又解此诗主颂高宗，而美高宗子孙者，言高宗兴汤之功，法度著明，故子孙能得行之，亦是高宗之美，故主颂高宗而言其子孙也。
○笺“交龙”至“大国”。
○正义曰：“交龙为旂”，《春官·司常》文也。言以“大糦是承”，谓奉承助祭，祭之粢盛唯黍稷耳。糦字从米，故知是黍稷也。乃有诸侯建龙旂者十乘，奉承黍稷而进之。殷礼既亡，无可案据。若以周法言之，则谓诸侯乘墨车，建龙旂，入天子之门。至祭时，奉黍稷之馔以助祭也。《觐礼》曰：“侯氏裨冕，乘墨车，载龙旂，弧韣乃朝。”注云：“墨车，大夫制也。乘之者，入天子之国，车服不可尽与王同。交龙为旂，诸侯所建。”是入天子之门乘墨车也。其在道路，则随其尊卑，故《觐礼记》云：“偏驾不入王门。”注云：“在傍与王同曰偏驾。同姓金辂，异姓象辂，四卫革辂，蕃国木辂。驾之与王同，谓之偏驾。不入王门者，乘墨车以朝，偏驾之车舍於馆矣。”是未入於王门。驾不入王门者，则所驾之车，随其尊卑。其建龙旂则终始同也。又解诸侯众多，独言十乘之意，谓二王之后与八州之大国，故十也。八州大国，谓州牧也。诸侯当以服数来朝，而得十乘并至者，举其有十乘耳，未必同时至也。或者王不巡守之岁，则诸侯并时来朝。四时更来，则年之间而十乘俱至也。
○传“畿，疆”。
○正义曰：畿者，为之畿限疆畔，故为疆也。毛无破字之理，则肇当训为始。王肃云：“殷道衰，四夷来侵。至高宗，然后始复以四海为境域也。”
○笺“肇当”至“及外”。
○正义曰：笺以肇域共文，当谓界域营兆，故转肇为兆。言已令千里之内民得安居，乃后正天下之经界，以四海为兆域。先安畿内，后正四海，言其自内及外也。
○传“景，大。员，均。何，任”。
○正义曰：“景，大”，《释诂》文。员者，周匝之言，故为均也。荷者，任负之义，故为任也。传解维河之义，既以景员为大均，则维河者当谓政教大均，如河之润物然，言其霑润无所不及也。
○笺“假至”至“多福”。
○正义(yi)曰：“假，至”，《释诂》文(wen)。彼(bi)作(zuo)格，音义(yi)同。转员(yuan)为(wei)(wei)云，河(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)何(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)《頍弁》、《既(ji)醉(zui)》言“维何(he)(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)，皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)设问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，与下(xia)句发端。此下(xia)句言“殷(yin)受命咸(xian)宜”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)对前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语，则此言“维何(he)(he)(he)”，当与彼(bi)同，不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)水傍河(he)(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)知河(he)(he)(he)当为(wei)(wei)何(he)(he)(he)。“维何(he)(he)(he)”既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)问辞，则大(da)员(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯大(da)至口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所云，不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)大(da)均(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。且古(gu)文(wen)云、员(yuan)字同，故(gu)(gu)易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上言“兆域彼(bi)四(si)海(hai)”，以(yi)(yi)四(si)海(hai)为(wei)(wei)界也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)言四(si)海(hai)为(wei)(wei)界，因即乘而立文(wen)，言“四(si)海(hai)来假”，正谓四(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，中国诸(zhu)侯来至贡献(xian)，非自四(si)夷(yi)贡献(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所云维言何(he)(he)(he)乎，将欲(yu)述其(qi)美殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，故(gu)(gu)开(kai)其(qi)问端也(ye)(ye)(ye)。荷任即是(shi)(shi)(shi)檐(yan)负(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，故(gu)(gu)言“檐(yan)负(fu)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多福(fu)”。
《玄鸟》一(yi)章，二十二句。