卷一 尚书序
《尚(shang)书》序《释文》：“此孔氏所(suo)作，述《尚(shang)书》起之时代，并叙为注之由(you)。故(gu)相承讲之，今依旧为音。”
[疏]正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：道(dao)本冲(chong)寂，非有(you)名(ming)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。既形(xing)以(yi)道(dao)生，物由名(ming)举(ju)，则凡诸经(jing)史(shi)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)物立(li)名(ming)。物有(you)本形(xing)，形(xing)从事(shi)(shi)著(zhu)(zhu)，圣贤阐(chan)教(jiao)，事(shi)(shi)显於(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)惬群心，书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)而示法(fa)，既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)法(fa)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)号(hao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。后人(ren)见其(qi)(qi)久远，自(zi)於(wu)上(shang)世，“尚”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)此上(shang)代以(yi)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。且言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声，书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)记(ji)，是故(gu)(gu)(gu)存言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)声意，立(li)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)记(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)易曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)尽言(yan)(yan)(yan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)尽意。”是言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筌蹄，书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)生者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，舒(shu)也(ye)(ye)。《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)纬·璿玑钤》云：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如也(ye)(ye)。”则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，写其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，如其(qi)(qi)意，情得展舒(shu)也(ye)(ye)。又刘熙(xi)《释名(ming)》云：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，庶(shu)也(ye)(ye)，以(yi)记(ji)庶(shu)物。又为(wei)(wei)著(zhu)(zhu)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)事(shi)(shi)得彰著(zhu)(zhu)。五(wu)(wu)经(jing)六籍皆是笔书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，此独称(cheng)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)彼五(wu)(wu)经(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非是君口出(chu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，即(ji)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)法(fa)，所(suo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，各有(you)云为(wei)(wei)，遂以(yi)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)别立(li)其(qi)(qi)称(cheng)。称(cheng)以(yi)事(shi)(shi)立(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)名(ming)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。至於(wu)此书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，本书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)君事(shi)(shi)，事(shi)(shi)虽有(you)别，正是君言(yan)(yan)(yan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)而见书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而立(li)号(hao)，以(yi)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，名(ming)异诸部。但(dan)诸部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，随事(shi)(shi)立(li)名(ming)，名(ming)以(yi)事(shi)(shi)举(ju)，要名(ming)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，亦是笔书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)百氏六经(jing)总(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”也(ye)(ye)。《论(lun)谶》所(suo)谓“题(ti)意别名(ming)，各自(zi)载耳”。昭(zhao)二年(nian)《左传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，晋(jin)韩(han)起(qi)適鲁(lu)，“观书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)太史(shi)氏，见易象与《鲁(lu)春秋》”。此总(zong)名(ming)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”也(ye)(ye)。“序(xu)(xu)(xu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)序(xu)(xu)(xu)述《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》起(qi)、存亡注(zhu)(zhu)说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由，序(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)(wei)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》而作，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)”。《周颂》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“继序(xu)(xu)(xu)思不(bu)忘(wang)。”《毛传》云：“序(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，绪(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)。”则绪(xu)(xu)述其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)，使理相(xiang)胤续，若茧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抽绪(xu)(xu)。但(dan)易有(you)《序(xu)(xu)(xu)卦》，子(zi)夏作《诗序(xu)(xu)(xu)》，孔子(zi)亦作《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)》，故(gu)(gu)(gu)孔君因(yin)(yin)(yin)此作序(xu)(xu)(xu)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。郑玄谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“赞(zan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)分(fen)(fen)散，避其(qi)(qi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)名(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“赞(zan)”。赞(zan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明也(ye)(ye)，佐也(ye)(ye)。佐成序(xu)(xu)(xu)义，明以(yi)注(zhu)(zhu)解故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。安国(guo)以(yi)孔子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)分(fen)(fen)附篇端，故(gu)(gu)(gu)已(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)述亦谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“序(xu)(xu)(xu)”。事(shi)(shi)不(bu)烦重(zhong)，义无所(suo)嫌(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
古者伏牺氏之王天下也，始画八卦，造书契，以代结绳之政，由是文籍生焉。
○伏牺(xi)(xi)氏，伏古作虙，牺(xi)(xi)本又(you)作羲，亦作戏，辞皮反(fan)(fan)。《说文(wen)》云(yun)(yun)，贾侍中说此牺(xi)(xi)非(fei)古字。张揖(yi)《字诂》云(yun)(yun)：“羲古字，戏今字。”一号包羲氏。三皇之最先，风姓，母曰(yue)华(hua)胥，以(yi)木(mu)德(de)王(wang)，即(ji)太皞也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)，于况反(fan)(fan)。画，乎麦反(fan)(fan)。卦，俱(ju)卖反(fan)(fan)。契(qi)，苦计反(fan)(fan)。书(shu)(shu)者，文(wen)字；契(qi)者，刻(ke)木(mu)而书(shu)(shu)其侧：故曰(yue)“书(shu)(shu)契(qi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。一云(yun)(yun)以(yi)书(shu)(shu)契(qi)约(yue)其事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄云(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)书(shu)(shu)书(shu)(shu)木(mu)边，言其事，刻(ke)其木(mu)，谓之书(shu)(shu)契(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”结(jie)绳，《易(yi)(yi)·系辞》上(shang)：“上(shang)古结(jie)绳以(yi)治，后世圣人(ren)易(yi)(yi)之以(yi)书(shu)(shu)契(qi)。”文(wen)，文(wen)字也(ye)(ye)(ye)。籍，籍书(shu)(shu)
[疏]“古者”至“生焉”
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“代(dai)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)用结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)，今(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)时(shi)(shi)始(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“由是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)籍生(sheng)焉(yan)”。自(zi)(zi)今(jin)本昔(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“古(gu)(gu)”。古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)德伏(fu)(fu)(fu)物教人(ren)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)牲，故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”。字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或作宓(mi)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，音亦(yi)同(tong)(tong)。《律历(li)(li)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：结(jie)(jie)作网(wang)罟(gu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)牲，故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”。或曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“包(bao)(bao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”，言(yan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)包(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。顾(gu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)读包(bao)(bao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庖(pao)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)牲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)供庖(pao)厨。顾(gu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)又引《帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)纪(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)母曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)华胥(xu)(xu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巨人(ren)迹(ji)，出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)雷泽，华胥(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)足履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)娠，生(sheng)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)成纪(ji)(ji)，蛇(she)身(shen)人(ren)首(shou)。”《月令》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)太(tai)昊(hao)。”《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)包(bao)(bao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)直变“包(bao)(bao)”言(yan)“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)”耳。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)(huang)，言(yan)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皇(huang)(huang)与帝(di)(di)(di)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)据(ju)迹(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)优劣，通(tong)(tong)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。故《礼运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”，亦(yi)谓(wei)上代(dai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。但(dan)自(zi)(zi)下言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上身(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，据(ju)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身(shen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)下，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)“始(shi)(shi)画(hua)(hua)(hua)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“包(bao)(bao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，后(hou)乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“始(shi)(shi)画(hua)(hua)(hua)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)神(shen)(shen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类(lei)(lei)万(wan)(wan)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情”，故知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)“造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上古(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)，后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)，盖取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)夬(guai)”，是(shi)(shi)造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)直言(yan)“后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)”，知(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)理比况(kuang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)。何(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)画(hua)(hua)(hua)万(wan)(wan)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)百事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“仰则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)观(guan)(guan)象於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)，俯则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)观(guan)(guan)法於(wu)(wu)(wu)地，观(guan)(guan)鸟(niao)兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜，近取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)身(shen)，远(yuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)物，始(shi)(shi)画(hua)(hua)(hua)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。”是(shi)(shi)万(wan)(wan)象见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)画(hua)(hua)(hua)亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，与卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)相(xiang)(xiang)类(lei)(lei)，故知(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)亦(yi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。由此(ci)(ci)孔(kong)意(yi)正欲须(xu)言(yan)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)时(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)，本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。今(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)相(xiang)(xiang)类(lei)(lei)，据(ju)《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)画(hua)(hua)(hua)八(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，当(dang)如(ru)(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“为(wei)(wei)(wei)约，事(shi)(shi)(shi)大大其(qi)(qi)绳(sheng)(sheng)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)小小其(qi)(qi)绳(sheng)(sheng)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)，识(shi)其(qi)(qi)政(zheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)木，刻(ke)(ke)其(qi)(qi)侧为(wei)(wei)(wei)契(qi)(qi)，各持其(qi)(qi)一(yi)，后(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)考(kao)(kao)合，若(ruo)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)。”孔(kong)无(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，义(yi)或当(dang)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。《说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，物象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“籍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，借也(ye)(ye)(ye)，借此(ci)(ci)简书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记(ji)录政(zheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“籍”。“盖取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)夬(guai)”，“夬(guai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，决也(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)籍所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)决断，宣扬(yang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夬(guai)。《繇(zhou)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“扬(yang)于王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)庭。”《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“包(bao)(bao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)(tian)下”，又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)罔(wang)罟(gu)，盖取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)离”。彼(bi)谓(wei)结(jie)(jie)罔(wang)罟(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绳(sheng)(sheng)，与结(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绳(sheng)(sheng)异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)纬》及《孝经谶》皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三皇(huang)(huang)无(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，又班固、马融、郑(zheng)(zheng)玄、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃诸(zhu)儒(ru)(ru)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)籍初(chu)自(zi)(zi)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)，亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三皇(huang)(huang)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，与此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？又苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本》，苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)岂伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)时(shi)(shi)乎？且《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目，未(wei)乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“上古(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)，后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)。”是(shi)(shi)后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)即黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)，何(he)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)哉(zai)？孔(kong)何(he)所(suo)(suo)据(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)更与《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》相(xiang)(xiang)反，如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？《艺文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)志》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“仲尼没而(er)(er)(er)(er)微言(yan)绝，七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)子(zi)丧而(er)(er)(er)(er)大义(yi)乖。”况(kuang)遭秦焚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，群(qun)言(yan)竞(jing)出(chu)，其(qi)(qi)纬文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)鄙近，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)贤共疑，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。通(tong)(tong)人(ren)考(kao)(kao)正，伪起(qi)哀、平，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)孔(kong)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)《纬》，何(he)可引以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)乎？其(qi)(qi)马、郑(zheng)(zheng)诸(zhu)儒(ru)(ru)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)立说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，见(jian)后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)九(jiu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科，便谓(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)起(qi)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)，自(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)见(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可难(nan)孔(kong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)九(jiu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。案(an)彼(bi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)历(li)(li)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、神(shen)(shen)农“盖取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”，下乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)垂衣裳而(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)下治(zhi)，盖取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)乾坤。”是(shi)(shi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又舟楫取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)涣(huan)，服牛取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)随，重门取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)豫，臼杵(chu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)小过(guo)，弧矢取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)睽，此(ci)(ci)五(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)时(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)系(xi)(xi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)时(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)否皆(jie)(jie)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。至於(wu)(wu)(wu)宫室(shi)、葬与书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)，皆(jie)(jie)先(xian)(xian)言(yan)“上古(gu)(gu)”、“古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，乃(nai)言(yan)“后(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)别起(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)指黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)时(shi)(shi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)葬事(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上古(gu)(gu)”，而(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)棺(guan)椁”。棺(guan)椁自(zi)(zi)殷汤而(er)(er)(er)(er)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，非(fei)是(shi)(shi)彼(bi)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上古(gu)(gu)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)何(he)废伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？其(qi)(qi)苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，故《世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)作书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。”司马迁(qian)、班固、韦诞、宋(song)忠、傅玄皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史官(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”崔瑗(yuan)，曹植，蔡邕，索靖皆(jie)(jie)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”徐整云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)神(shen)(shen)农、黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间。”谯周云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炎帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”卫氏(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庖(pao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、苍(cang)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”慎到云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庖(pao)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。”张(zhang)揖(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，生(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)禅通(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纪(ji)(ji)。”《广(guang)雅(ya)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)自(zi)(zi)开辟至获麟二(er)百七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)万(wan)(wan)岁，分为(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)纪(ji)(ji)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大率一(yi)纪(ji)(ji)二(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)万(wan)(wan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)千(qian)年。十(shi)(shi)纪(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，九(jiu)头一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，五(wu)龙二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，摄提(ti)三也(ye)(ye)(ye)，合雒(luo)四也(ye)(ye)(ye)，连通(tong)(tong)五(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，序命(ming)(ming)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，循(xun)飞七(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，因提(ti)八(ba)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，禅通(tong)(tong)九(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，流(liu)讫十(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)揖(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)获麟前(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)万(wan)(wan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)千(qian)馀年。是(shi)(shi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)苍(cang)颉(jie)(jie)其(qi)(qi)年代(dai)莫(mo)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)定，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)难(nan)孔(kong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)纪(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)燧(sui)人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)下，揖(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)(zi)开辟而(er)(er)(er)(er)设，又伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)纪(ji)(ji)后(hou)三纪(ji)(ji)，亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)据(ju)张(zhang)揖(yi)(yi)(yi)、慎到、徐整等说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年断。其(qi)(qi)涚讫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纪(ji)(ji)，似自(zi)(zi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)耳。又依《易(yi)纬·通(tong)(tong)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)验(yan)》，燧(sui)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，“表计(ji)置其(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：苍(cang)牙(ya)通(tong)(tong)灵，昌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成，孔(kong)演命(ming)(ming)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)道经”。郑(zheng)(zheng)玄注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“刻(ke)(ke)谓(wei)刻(ke)(ke)石而(er)(er)(er)(er)记(ji)识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”据(ju)此(ci)(ci)，伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)己有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)矣。又《阴阳书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》称天(tian)(tian)老对黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凤皇(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象，首(shou)戴德，背负(fu)仁(ren)，颈荷义(yi)，膺抱信(xin)，足履政(zheng)，尾系(xi)(xi)武(wu)。”又《山海(hai)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凤皇(huang)(huang)首(shou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)德，背文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)义(yi)，翼文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)顺，膺文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)仁(ren)，腹文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)信(xin)。”又《易(yi)·系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“河出(chu)图，洛出(chu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与天(tian)(tian)地并兴(xing)焉(yan)。又《韩(han)诗外(wai)传》称古(gu)(gu)封太(tai)山、禅梁甫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)万(wan)(wan)馀人(ren)，仲尼观(guan)(guan)焉(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)尽识(shi)。又《管子(zi)》书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)称管仲对齐桓公曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封太(tai)山者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)家，夷(yi)吾(wu)所(suo)(suo)识(shi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。”首(shou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“无(wu)(wu)怀氏(shi)(shi)(shi)封太(tai)山，禅云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”。其(qi)(qi)登封者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)刻(ke)(ke)石纪(ji)(ji)号，但(dan)远(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彫毁(hui)，故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可识(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)夷(yi)吾(wu)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)识(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)家，又在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)怀氏(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，孔(kong)子(zi)睹而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)识(shi)，又多於(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)吾(wu)，是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)己自(zi)(zi)久远(yuan)，何(he)怪(guai)(guai)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)乎？如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三皇(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)未(wei)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，至伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)乃(nai)用造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)契(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)结(jie)(jie)绳(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)，是(shi)(shi)教世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用，犹燧(sui)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火，中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)用以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燔黍捭豚，后(hou)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)乃(nai)修其(qi)(qi)利相(xiang)(xiang)似。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)理本有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，用否随世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)渐也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，惟《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》至神(shen)(shen)农始(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)噬嗑与益，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)时(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)未(wei)重，当(dang)无(wu)(wu)杂卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)诸(zhu)夬(guai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)自(zi)(zi)郑(zheng)(zheng)玄等说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)耳。案(an)《说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)幽赞於(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)(shen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)蓍。”《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)生(sheng)神(shen)(shen)物，圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)用蓍而(er)(er)(er)(er)筮矣。故郑(zheng)(zheng)注《说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)，谓(wei)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《系(xi)(xi)辞(ci)(ci)》又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)变而(er)(er)(er)(er)成卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。”是(shi)(shi)言(yan)爻(yao)皆(jie)(jie)三归(gui)奇为(wei)(wei)(wei)三变，十(shi)(shi)八(ba)变则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爻(yao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)矣。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)筮皆(jie)(jie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爻(yao)，伏(fu)(fu)(fu)牺(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)筮，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爻(yao)，何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重而(er)(er)(er)(er)怪(guai)(guai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夬(guai)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)乎？
伏牺、神农、黄帝之书，谓之“三坟”言大道也。少昊、颛顼、高辛、唐、虞之书，谓之“五典”，言常道也。
○少，诗照反(fan)。昊，胡老反(fan)。少昊。金天氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，名挚，字青阳，一曰(yue)(yue)玄器，已姓(xing)(xing)。黄(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，母(mu)曰(yue)(yue)女节。以(yi)金德王，五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)最先。颛音专。顼，许玉反(fan)。颛顼，高阳氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，姬姓(xing)(xing)。黄(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)孙，昌意之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，母(mu)曰(yue)(yue)景(jing)仆(pu)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)女枢。以(yi)水德王，五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)二也。高辛(xin)，帝(di)喾(ku)也，姬姓(xing)(xing)。喾(ku)，口(kou)毒反(fan)。母(mu)曰(yue)(yue)不见。以(yi)木(mu)德王，五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)三也。唐，帝(di)尧也，姓(xing)(xing)伊(yi)耆(qi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。尧初(chu)为唐侯，后为天子(zi)，都陶，故(gu)号陶唐氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。帝(di)喾(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，帝(di)挚之(zhi)(zhi)弟，母(mu)曰(yue)(yue)庆都。以(yi)火德王，五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)四也。虞(yu)，帝(di)舜也，姓(xing)(xing)姚氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，国号有虞(yu)。颛顼六(liu)世孙，瞽瞍之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，母(mu)曰(yue)(yue)握登。以(yi)土德王，五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)五也。先儒解三皇五帝(di)与孔(kong)子(zi)同(tong)，并见发题
[疏]“伏牺”至“常道”也。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：坟”，大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)论三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)至大(da)(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“典(dian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)代常(chang)(chang)行(xing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)常(chang)(chang)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，或(huo)(huo)举(ju)德(de)(de)号，或(huo)(huo)举(ju)地(di)名，或(huo)(huo)直(zhi)指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及便(bian)称(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)例(li)。顾氏(shi)(shi)引《帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王世(shi)纪》云(yun)(yun)：农(nong)(nong)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)女(nv)登，有(you)(you)(you)神(shen)龙首感(gan)(gan)女(nv)登而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身牛首。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)附宝(bao)，见(jian)大(da)(da)电(dian)光(guang)绕北(bei)斗枢(shu)星，附宝(bao)感(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)怀(huai)孕，二(er)十四月(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，日角龙颜。少昊(hao)金(jin)天(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)女(nv)节，有(you)(you)(you)星如(ru)虹下流，意(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)少昊(hao)。颛顼(xu)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)景(jing)仆，昌(chang)意(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)妃，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)枢(shu)，有(you)(you)(you)星贯月(yue)(yue)(yue)如(ru)虹，感(gan)(gan)女(nv)枢(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)幽房(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)颛顼(xu)。尧母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)庆都，观河遇(yu)赤龙，晻然(ran)(ran)(ran)阴风，感(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)孕，十四月(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)尧。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)舜(shun)(shun)母(mu)(mu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)握登，见(jian)大(da)(da)虹感(gan)(gan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)舜(shun)(shun)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟”，“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，因(yin)《左传》有(you)(you)(you)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)指而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)，则(ze)《虞(yu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·皋陶(tao)谟》、《益稷》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属，亦(yi)应称(cheng)(cheng)典(dian)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)立(li)名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若主论帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)德(de)(de)，则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)典(dian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣下所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，随义(yi)立(li)称(cheng)(cheng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟”直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)”直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)常(chang)(chang)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)训“坟”、“典(dian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坟大(da)(da)典(dian)常(chang)(chang)，常(chang)(chang)训可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“常(chang)(chang)道(dao)(dao)”所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)“大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)公(gong)平天(tian)(tian)下，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)(chang)行(xing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“典(dian)”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)优於(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)常(chang)(chang)行(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)更大(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)常(chang)(chang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“坟”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)对例(li)耳。虽少有(you)(you)(you)优劣，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)，并可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)常(chang)(chang)行(xing)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)运》云(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)号同(tong)天(tian)(tian)，名所(suo)莫加，优而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)美(mei)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后代措庙立(li)主，尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”，生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)莫敢称(cheng)(cheng)焉(yan)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)士(shi)庶祖父称(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取(qu)美(mei)名，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通称(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《左传》上有(you)(you)(you)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坟是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，典(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。孔(kong)知(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)今(jin)《尧典(dian)》、《舜(shun)(shun)典(dian)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)典(dian)，推(tui)此(ci)二(er)典(dian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上，则(ze)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。今(jin)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，数(shu)(shu)与(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)相(xiang)(xiang)当，坟又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)名，与(yu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)义(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟。孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)必知(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)有(you)(you)(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《周礼(li)(li)·小史职》“掌三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)即三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)坟五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)典(dian)。但(dan)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)无(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)，或(huo)(huo)据(ju)后录(lu)(lu)定。孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)记当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)后追录(lu)(lu)，若当时无(wu)(wu)(wu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，后代何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？此(ci)亦(yi)孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)据(ju)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)耳。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)注《中(zhong)候》，依(yi)(yi)《运斗枢(shu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伏(fu)牺(xi)、女(nv)娲(wa)、神(shen)农(nong)(nong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)坐，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鸿(hong)、金(jin)天(tian)(tian)、高(gao)阳、高(gao)辛、唐(tang)、虞(yu)氏(shi)(shi)。知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)既(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)(yi)纬(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纬(wei)难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)易(yi)(yi)(yi)兴作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)(you)女(nv)娲(wa)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辄(zhe)数(shu)(shu)？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)：“女(nv)娲(wa)修伏(fu)牺(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)改作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)则(ze)。”已(yi)上修旧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)众，岂皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)乎(hu)？既(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)(shu)女(nv)娲(wa)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)取(qu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)充三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)耳。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)数(shu)(shu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)？或(huo)(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)云(yun)(yun)，德(de)(de)协五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，座(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)限多(duo)少，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)六(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)名五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。若六(liu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)何(he)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)座(zuo)？而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)指大(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，所(suo)谓(wei)“耀魄(po)宝(bao)”，止(zhi)一而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，本(ben)(ben)(ben)自无(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，何(he)云(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)？岂可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)数(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)数(shu)(shu)座(zuo)，二(er)文(wen)舛互，自相(xiang)(xiang)乖阻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诸儒(ru)说(shuo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，或(huo)(huo)数(shu)(shu)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，或(huo)(huo)数(shu)(shu)祝(zhu)融(rong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)牺(xi)、农(nong)(nong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)自轩辕(yuan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)数(shu)(shu)少昊(hao)，斯亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)矣(yi)。何(he)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)说(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)牺(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，据(ju)易(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)震”，震，东方，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)昊(hao)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)包牺(xi)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王天(tian)(tian)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)莫先於(wu)(wu)(wu)伏(fu)牺(xi)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)侧(ce)在(zai)(zai)前(qian)乎(hu)？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)祝(zhu)融(rong)及颛顼(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下火官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号，金(jin)天(tian)(tian)已(yi)上百(bai)(bai)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)徵五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经，无(wu)(wu)(wu)云(yun)(yun)祝(zhu)融(rong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，纵(zong)有(you)(you)(you)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)如(ru)共工氏(shi)(shi)。共工有(you)(you)(you)水瑞，乃与(yu)牺(xi)、农(nong)(nong)、轩、挚相(xiang)(xiang)类(lei)，尚(shang)云(yun)(yun)霸其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九州，祝(zhu)融(rong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)无(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)瑞，何(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)？《左传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“少昊(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)，凤鸟(niao)適至。”於(wu)(wu)(wu)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)秋享食(shi)，所(suo)谓(wei)白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)独非(fei)(fei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乎(hu)？故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上数(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，少昊(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首耳。若然(ran)(ran)(ran)，案(an)今(jin)《世(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)·帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)系(xi)》及《大(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)·五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)德(de)(de)》并《家语》宰我问、太(tai)史公(gong)《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)本(ben)(ben)(ben)纪》皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)乃史籍明文(wen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。孟轲曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“信《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》，吾於(wu)(wu)(wu)《武成》取(qu)二(er)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)策而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)渐染之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟轲已(yi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，况(kuang)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乎(hu)？又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)系(xi)》、《本(ben)(ben)(ben)纪》、《家语》、《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)德(de)(de)》皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)：“少昊(hao)即黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)子青(qing)阳是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，颛顼(xu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)、昌(chang)意(yi)(yi)(yi)子，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾高(gao)辛氏(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)、玄(xuan)(xuan)嚣(xiao)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)、侨极子，尧为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾子，舜(shun)(shun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)颛顼(xu)七(qi)世(shi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)。此(ci)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，说(shuo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，原(yuan)由(you)《世(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)》。经於(wu)(wu)(wu)暴秦，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)乱。《家语》则(ze)王肃多(duo)私定，《大(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)》、《本(ben)(ben)(ben)纪》出於(wu)(wu)(wu)《世(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同(tong)。盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少昊(hao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下皆(jie)(jie)出黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先说(shuo)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，因(yin)此(ci)谬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耳。亦(yi)由(you)《系(xi)辞》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)尧、舜(shun)(shun)同(tong)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)共数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)。孔(kong)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)今(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)意(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》春(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)昊(hao)，夏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，中(zhong)央曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，依(yi)(yi)次以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)依(yi)(yi)《系(xi)辞》，先包牺(xi)氏(shi)(shi)王。没，神(shen)农(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)没，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)氏(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。亦(yi)文(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)次。皆(jie)(jie)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》秋曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)少昊(hao)，冬曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)颛顼(xu)，自此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，今(jin)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)亦(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，别(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)美(mei)名耳。太(tai)昊(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)昊(hao)”，易(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)震”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)轩辕(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，犹神(shen)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，神(shen)农(nong)(nong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怪(guai)炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，何(he)怪(guai)轩辕(yuan)称(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)？而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)梁主云(yun)(yun)：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)起(qi)轩辕(yuan)，同(tong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)至尧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过(guo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)舜(shun)(shun)非(fei)(fei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)王，亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，与(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)王为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四代而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)与(yu)诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雅则(ze)风，除皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)已(yi)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)王则(ze)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，何(he)有(you)(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)王非(fei)(fei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乎(hu)？典(dian)，谟皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”，非(fei)(fei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)如(ru)何(he)！
至于夏、商、周之书，虽设教不伦，雅诰奥义，其归一揆。
○夏(xia)，禹天(tian)下号(hao)也。以(yi)金德(de)王(wang)(wang)，三(san)王(wang)(wang)之最先。商，汤(tang)天(tian)下号(hao)，亦号(hao)殷，以(yi)水德(de)王(wang)(wang)，三(san)王(wang)(wang)之二也。周，文王(wang)(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)(wang)有天(tian)下号(hao)也。以(yi)木德(de)王(wang)(wang)，三(san)王(wang)(wang)之三(san)也。诰，故报反(fan)，告也，示也。奥，乌(wu)报反(fan)，深也。揆，葵癸反(fan)，度也。
[疏]“至于”至“一揆”
○正义(yi)曰：既(ji)皇(huang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“坟”，帝书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“典(dian)(dian)”，除(chu)皇(huang)与帝坟、典(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，以(yi)次(ci)累(lei)陈，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)”。夏、商、周三(san)(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，虽(sui)(sui)复(fu)当(dang)时所(suo)(suo)设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，与皇(huang)及(ji)(ji)帝坟、典(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等不(bu)(bu)相伦类(lei)，要其言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)雅正辞诰(gao)(gao)，有(you)深奥(ao)(ao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，其所(suo)(suo)归(gui)(gui)趣与坟、典(dian)(dian)一揆(kui)。明虽(sui)(sui)事(shi)(shi)异坟、典(dian)(dian)而(er)理(li)(li)趣终同(tong)，故(gu)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)同(tong)入《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》，共(gong)为(wei)世教(jiao)也(ye)。孔(kong)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，以(yi)坟、典(dian)(dian)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》，故(gu)此因坟、典(dian)(dian)而(er)及(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)代。下云“讨(tao)论坟、典(dian)(dian)，断自唐、虞以(yi)下”，是(shi)(shi)坟、典(dian)(dian)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，而(er)小史偏掌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，以(yi)其远(yuan)代故(gu)也(ye)。此既(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)坟、典(dian)(dian)，不(bu)(bu)依外(wai)文连类(lei)，解八索、九(jiu)丘，而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)厕於其间(jian)者，孔(kong)意以(yi)坟、典(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》，丘、索是(shi)(shi)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》外(wai)物(wu)(wu)，欲先(xian)(xian)说(shuo)《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》事(shi)(shi)讫，然(ran)后及(ji)(ji)其外(wai)物(wu)(wu)，故(gu)先(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。夏、商、周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)训(xun)诰(gao)(gao)誓(shi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“设(she)教(jiao)”者，以(yi)此训(xun)诰(gao)(gao)誓(shi)命(ming)即为(wei)教(jiao)而(er)设(she)，故(gu)云“设(she)教(jiao)”也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)伦”者，伦，类(lei)也(ye)。三(san)(san)代战争不(bu)(bu)与皇(huang)帝等类(lei)，若(ruo)然(ran)，五帝称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“典(dian)(dian)”，三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)劣而(er)不(bu)(bu)伦，不(bu)(bu)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“典(dian)(dian)”。则(ze)三(san)(san)代非典(dian)(dian)，不(bu)(bu)可常行，何(he)以(yi)垂法乎？然(ran)三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)世浇，不(bu)(bu)如上代，故(gu)随(sui)事(shi)(shi)立(li)名，虽(sui)(sui)篇不(bu)(bu)目典(dian)(dian)，理(li)(li)实是(shi)(shi)典(dian)(dian)，故(gu)曰“雅诰(gao)(gao)奥(ao)(ao)义(yi)，其归(gui)(gui)一揆(kui)”，即为(wei)典(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)。然(ran)三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，惟(wei)无典(dian)(dian)谟，以(yi)外(wai)训(xun)、诰(gao)(gao)、誓(shi)、命(ming)、歌、贡(gong)、征、范，类(lei)犹有(you)八，独言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“诰(gao)(gao)”者，以(yi)别而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其类(lei)有(you)八，文从要约，一“诰(gao)(gao)”兼焉。何(he)者？以(yi)此八事(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)诰(gao)(gao)示，故(gu)总谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“诰(gao)(gao)”。又言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“奥(ao)(ao)义(yi)”者，指其言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰(gao)(gao)，论其理(li)(li)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，故(gu)以(yi)义(yi)配(pei)焉。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“其归(gui)(gui)一揆(kui)”，见三(san)(san)代自归(gui)(gui)於一，亦(yi)(yi)与坟、典(dian)(dian)为(wei)一揆(kui)者，况喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。假譬人(ren)射，莫不(bu)(bu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)发，志揆(kui)度於的(de)，犹如圣人(ren)立(li)教(jiao)，亦(yi)(yi)同(tong)揆(kui)度於至(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，故(gu)云“一揆(kui)”。
是故历代(dai)宝之，以为大训。
[疏]正义曰：《顾命(ming)》云(yun)：“越玉五重，陈宝。”即以赤刀、大训在(zai)西序(xu)，是(shi)“宝之(zhi)，以为大训”之(zhi)文。彼注以典(dian)谟为之(zhi)，与此(ci)(ci)相当。要(yao)六艺皆是(shi)，此(ci)(ci)直(zhi)(zhi)为《书(shu)》者，指而言之(zhi)，故(gu)彼注亦然也。彼直(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)时宝之(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)历(li)代(dai)者，以坟、典(dian)久(jiu)远，周(zhou)尚宝之(zhi)，前代(dai)可知(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)言“历(li)代(dai)”耳。
八卦之说，谓之“八索”，求其义也。九州之志，谓之“九丘”。丘，聚也。言九州所有，土地所生，风气所宜，皆聚此书也。
○八索，所白反(fan)，下同，求也。徐音素，本或(huo)作素。
[疏]“八卦”至“此书”也。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：以(yi)(yi)坟(fen)(fen)、典(dian)(dian)因外文而(er)(er)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)丘(qiu)、索(suo)(suo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)坟(fen)(fen)、典(dian)(dian)文连，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)连而(er)(er)说(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)总引(yin)传(chuan)文以(yi)(yi)充足(zu)己意，且(qie)为(wei)於(wu)(wu)下见与(yu)(yu)(yu)坟(fen)(fen)、典(dian)(dian)俱被黜削，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)说(shuo)(shuo)而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)首引(yin)。言(yan)(yan)为(wei)论八卦(gua)事(shi)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)者，其(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“八索(suo)(suo)”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)论九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)所(suo)有(you)(you)志记(ji)者，其(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)丘(qiu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)名“丘(qiu)”者，以(yi)(yi)丘(qiu)，聚(ju)也(ye)，言(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)当有(you)(you)土(tu)地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)物，风(feng)(feng)(feng)气所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，莫不(bu)皆聚(ju)见於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)书(shu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“九(jiu)(jiu)丘(qiu)”焉。然八卦(gua)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)“说(shuo)(shuo)”，九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)“志”，不(bu)同(tong)者，以(yi)(yi)八卦(gua)交互(hu)相说(shuo)(shuo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li)，九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)当州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)所(suo)志识，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)同(tong)。此(ci)(ci)“索(suo)(suo)”谓(wei)求索(suo)(suo)，亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)搜索(suo)(suo)，以(yi)(yi)易八卦(gua)为(wei)主，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)易曰(yue)(yue)：“八卦(gua)成列，象(xiang)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)矣。因而(er)(er)重之(zhi)(zhi)，爻在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)矣。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue)：“八卦(gua)相荡。”是六十四(si)卦(gua)，三百(bai)八十四(si)爻，皆出於(wu)(wu)八卦(gua)。就八卦(gua)而(er)(er)求其(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li)，则万有(you)(you)一千五百(bai)二十策，天下之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)得，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“索(suo)(suo)”，非一索(suo)(suo)再索(suo)(suo)而(er)(er)已(yi)。此(ci)(ci)“索(suo)(suo)”於(wu)(wu)《左传(chuan)》亦(yi)(yi)或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“索(suo)(suo)”，说(shuo)(shuo)有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)，皆后人失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)真理(li)，妄穿凿(zao)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)“九(jiu)(jiu)丘(qiu)”取名於(wu)(wu)聚(ju)，义(yi)多如(ru)山丘(qiu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)聚(ju)。《左传(chuan)》或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)“九(jiu)(jiu)区(qu)”，得为(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)当九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)区(qu)域，义(yi)亦(yi)(yi)通也(ye)。又(you)言(yan)(yan)“九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)有(you)(you)”，此(ci)(ci)一句与(yu)(yu)(yu)下为(wei)总，即“土(tu)地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)气所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)”是所(suo)有(you)(you)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“土(tu)地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)”，即其(qi)(qi)(qi)动(dong)物、植(zhi)物，大(da)率土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)生(sheng)不(bu)出此(ci)(ci)二者。又(you)云“风(feng)(feng)(feng)气所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)”者，亦(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)大(da)同(tong)。何(he)者？以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)各(ge)有(you)(you)土(tu)地(di)，有(you)(you)生(sheng)与(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)生(sheng)，由(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)气所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)。此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)《职(zhi)方》、《禹贡(gong)》之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)。别而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)，“土(tu)地(di)所(suo)生(sheng)”若(ruo)《禹贡(gong)》之(zhi)(zhi)“厥贡(gong)”、“厥篚”也(ye)，“风(feng)(feng)(feng)气所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)”若(ruo)《职(zhi)方》其(qi)(qi)(qi)畜宜(yi)(yi)若(ruo)干(gan)、其(qi)(qi)(qi)民若(ruo)干(gan)男、若(ruo)干(gan)女(nv)是也(ye)。上“坟(fen)(fen)”、“典(dian)(dian)”及“索(suo)(suo)”不(bu)别训(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)可知(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略之(zhi)(zhi)。“丘(qiu)”训(xun)既难，又(you)须别言(yan)(yan)“九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)宜(yi)(yi)”已(yi)下，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先训(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)下结义(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“皆聚(ju)此(ci)(ci)书(shu)”也(ye)。
《春秋左氏传》曰，楚左史倚相“能读三坟、五典、八索、九丘”，即谓上世帝王遗书也。
○左(zuo)(zuo)史，史官(guan)左(zuo)(zuo)右。倚，於绮反，刘琴(qin)绮反。相，息亮反。倚相，楚(chu)灵(ling)王时史官(guan)也。
[疏]“春秋”至“遗书”也。正义曰：以(yi)上因有(you)外文言(yan)(yan)(yan)坟、典、丘(qiu)、索而(er)(er)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故引成文以(yi)证结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)昭十二年《左传》楚灵王(wang)(wang)见(jian)倚相(xiang)(xiang)趋过(guo)，告右尹子革以(yi)此(ci)(ci)辞。知(zhi)“倚相(xiang)(xiang)”是其(qi)(qi)名(ming)字，盖为太史(shi)，而(er)(er)主记(ji)左动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“左史(shi)”。不(bu)(bu)然，或楚俗与诸国不(bu)(bu)同，官多以(yi)左右为名(ming)，或别有(you)此(ci)(ci)左史(shi)乎？彼子革答王(wang)(wang)云(yun)：“倚相(xiang)(xiang)，臣问(wen)《祈招》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，若问(wen)远焉，其(qi)(qi)焉能(neng)(neng)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”彼以(yi)为倚相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)“能(neng)(neng)”者，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)据(ju)《左传》成文，因王(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。假不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)读，事亦无妨，况子革欲开谏王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路，倚相(xiang)(xiang)未必不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)读也。言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)坟、典、丘(qiu)，索即此(ci)(ci)书是谓(wei)上世帝王(wang)(wang)遗馀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书也。以(yi)楚王(wang)(wang)论时已在三王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，故云(yun)“遗书”。其(qi)(qi)丘(qiu)、索知(zhi)是前事，亦不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)在何代，故直总言(yan)(yan)(yan)“帝王(wang)(wang)”耳。
先君孔子，生於周末，史籍之烦文，惧览之者不一，遂乃定《礼》、《乐》，明旧章，删《诗》为三百篇，约史记而修《春秋》，赞易道以黜八索，述《职方》以除九丘。
○删，色(se)奸(jian)反。
[疏]“先君”至“九丘”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：既(ji)结申帝王遗书(shu)，欲言孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)就(jiu)而(er)刊(kan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。《孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)世(shi)(shi)家》云(yun)(yun)，安国是(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一世(shi)(shi)孙，而(er)上(shang)(shang)尊先(xian)(xian)祖，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)“先(xian)(xian)君”。《穀梁》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)襄公(gong)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一月庚子(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生，《左传》哀公(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏四月已丑孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卒(zu)(zu)，计(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周灵王时(shi)生，敬王时(shi)卒(zu)(zu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“周末”。上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)“文(wen)籍(ji)(ji)”，下云(yun)(yun)“灭先(xian)(xian)代典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)籍(ji)(ji)”，此(ci)言“史籍(ji)(ji)”。“籍(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，古(gu)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大名(ming)。由文(wen)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)籍(ji)(ji)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“文(wen)籍(ji)(ji)”；因(yin)史所(suo)书(shu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“史籍(ji)(ji)”；可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)“典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)籍(ji)(ji)”，义(yi)亦(yi)(yi)相通也(ye)(ye)。但上(shang)(shang)因(yin)书(shu)契而(er)言“文(wen)”，下伤秦灭道以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)称“典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)言“史”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但义(yi)通上(shang)(shang)下，又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)“史籍(ji)(ji)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必是(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)王正史，是(shi)(shi)后代好事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)作(zuo)(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)惧其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)：“盖有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，我无是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”先(xian)(xian)言“定(ding)(ding)(ding)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲明(ming)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)欲反於(wu)(wu)(wu)圣(sheng)道以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)一，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)言其(qi)(qi)旧(jiu)行(xing)可从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。修而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)曰(yue)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)”，就(jiu)而(er)减削曰(yue)“删”，准依其(qi)(qi)事曰(yue)“约”，因(yin)而(er)佐成曰(yue)“赞”，显而(er)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)“述(shu)(shu)(shu)”，各从(cong)义(yi)理而(er)言。独《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》圣(sheng)人(ren)制作(zuo)(zuo)，已无贵位，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因(yin)而(er)定(ding)(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“明(ming)旧(jiu)章”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》、《诗》、易(yi)(yi)(yi)、《春秋》是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“易(yi)(yi)(yi)道”、“职(zhi)方(fang)”与(yu)(yu)“黜八(ba)(ba)索”、“除(chu)九丘(qiu)(qiu)”相对(dui)，其(qi)(qi)约史记以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)删《诗》、《书(shu)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)偶，其(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》文(wen)孤(gu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“明(ming)旧(jiu)章”配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，作(zuo)(zuo)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体也(ye)(ye)。易(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言“定(ding)(ding)(ding)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)非如(ru)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》，人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)事，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须云(yun)(yun)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)”。又(you)(you)(you)因(yin)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)翼》，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“赞”耳。易(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)在(zai)(zai)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“黜八(ba)(ba)索”与(yu)(yu)“除(chu)九丘(qiu)(qiu)”相近故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)例。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修六艺(yi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)月孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)无明(ming)说。《论语(yu)》曰(yue)：“吾(wu)自(zi)卫(wei)反鲁(lu)，然后乐(le)(le)(le)正，《雅》、《颂》各得其(qi)(qi)所(suo)。”则(ze)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鲁(lu)哀公(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)反鲁(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大夫，十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)《孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)》卒(zu)(zu)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)吊，则(ze)致仕时(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后。“脩”，述(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。《诗》有(you)(you)(you)序三(san)(san)百(bai)一十(shi)(shi)(shi)一篇，全者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)百(bai)五篇，云(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)百(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)举(ju)全数计(ji)。《职(zhi)方(fang)》在(zai)(zai)《周礼(li)(li)(li)·夏官(guan)》，亦(yi)(yi)武帝时(shi)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)山岩屋壁，即(ji)藏秘府(fu)，世(shi)(shi)人(ren)莫见。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)君为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武帝博士，於(wu)(wu)(wu)秘府(fu)而(er)见为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。知必“黜八(ba)(ba)索”、“除(chu)九丘(qiu)(qiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)坟(fen)、五典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)本有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)，今序只有(you)(you)(you)二典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)已，其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)坟(fen)今乃寂寞，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)除(chu)去(qu)，既(ji)坟(fen)、典(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)书(shu)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正尚有(you)(you)(you)去(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，况书(shu)外乎？故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知丘(qiu)(qiu)、索亦(yi)(yi)黜除(chu)也(ye)(ye)。“黜”与(yu)(yu)“除(chu)”其(qi)(qi)义(yi)一也(ye)(ye)，黜退不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用而(er)除(chu)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必云(yun)(yun)“赞易(yi)(yi)(yi)道以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黜”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)兴，孰(shu)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)废(fei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《职(zhi)方(fang)》即(ji)《周礼(li)(li)(li)》也(ye)(ye)，上(shang)(shang)已云(yun)(yun)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)(le)》”，即(ji)《职(zhi)方(fang)》在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)内(nei)。别(bie)云(yun)(yun)述(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“除(chu)九丘(qiu)(qiu)”，举(ju)其(qi)(qi)类者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。则(ze)云(yun)(yun)“述(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)遵述(shu)(shu)(shu)，更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)书(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)述(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
讨论坟、典，断自唐虞以下，讫于周。芟夷烦乱，翦截浮辞，举其宏纲，撮其机要，足以垂世立教，典、谟、训、诰、誓、命之文凡百篇。
○断，丁乱反。讫(qi)，居乙反，又许乙反。芟(shan)，色咸反。翦(jian)，咨浅反。撮，七活反。机，本又作几。典(dian)凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)五篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)典(dian)二(er)，摄(she)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)。谟(mo)，莫胡反。凡三(san)篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)二(er)，摄(she)一(yi)。训凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)六篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)二(er)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)，摄(she)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四，三(san)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)。诰(gao)凡三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)八(ba)(ba)，摄(she)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)。誓(shi)，市制反。凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)八(ba)(ba)，摄(she)二(er)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)。命凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)篇(pian)，正(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)，三(san)篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)，摄(she)六，四篇(pian)亡(wang)(wang)。
[疏]“讨论”至“百篇”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：言(yan)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)既惧览(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)但删《诗(shi)(shi)》、约史(shi)、定《礼》、赞易，有(you)(you)所黜除(chu)而(er)已，又(you)讨整论(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)此三(san)坟(fen)、五典(dian)并三(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《论(lun)(lun)语》曰(yue)(yue)：“世叔讨论(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)。”郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“讨论(lun)(lun)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整理(li)(li)，孔(kong)(kong)君(jun)(jun)既取(qu)彼文(wen)，义亦当然。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)乱物，故(gu)(gu)就而(er)整理(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然，坟(fen)、典(dian)周(zhou)公制礼，使(shi)小史(shi)掌之(zhi)(zhi)；而(er)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖随(sui)(sui)世不(bu)(bu)(bu)同亦可(ke)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)时，坟(fen)、典(dian)已杂乱，故(gu)(gu)因去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)。《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)“芟夷(yi)蕴崇之(zhi)(zhi)”，又(you)曰(yue)(yue)“俘翦惟命”，《诗(shi)(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)“海(hai)外有(you)(you)截”，此孔(kong)(kong)君(jun)(jun)所取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“芟夷(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)全(quan)代、全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)似草随(sui)(sui)次皆芟，使(shi)平夷(yi)。若(ruo)自帝(di)喾(ku)己上三(san)典(dian)、三(san)坟(fen)是(shi)芟夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，自夏(xia)至周(zhou)虽有(you)(you)所留，全(quan)篇(pian)(pian)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)(ji)“芟夷(yi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“翦截”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，就代就篇(pian)(pian)辞有(you)(you)浮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)翦截而(er)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)，去(qu)而(er)少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“翦截”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“举其(qi)宏纲(gang)”即(ji)(ji)上“芟夷(yi)烦乱”也(ye)(ye)(ye)，“撮其(qi)机(ji)要(yao)”即(ji)(ji)上“翦截浮辞”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。且“宏纲(gang)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“举”，是(shi)据(ju)篇(pian)(pian)、代大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)；“机(ji)要(yao)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“撮”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)就篇(pian)(pian)、代之(zhi)(zhi)内而(er)撮出之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。“宏”，大(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；“纲(gang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，网之(zhi)(zhi)索(suo)，举大(da)(da)(da)纲(gang)则众(zhong)目(mu)随(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)。“机(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，机(ji)关(guan)，撮取(qu)其(qi)机(ji)关(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“断自唐虞(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孔(kong)(kong)无(wu)明说。《书(shu)(shu)(shu)纬(wei)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)喾(ku)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，朴(po)略(lve)难传(chuan)，唐虞(yu)已来，焕炳可(ke)法(fa)(fa)。又(you)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)(shou)，至周(zhou)五代一(yi)意故(gu)(gu)耳(er)，孔(kong)(kong)义或然。“典(dian)”即(ji)(ji)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》、《舜(shun)典(dian)》，“谟”即(ji)(ji)《大(da)(da)(da)禹(yu)谟》、《皋陶谟》，“训(xun)”即(ji)(ji)《伊训(xun)》、《高宗之(zhi)(zhi)训(xun)》，“诰(gao)”即(ji)(ji)《汤(tang)诰(gao)》、《大(da)(da)(da)诰(gao)》，“誓”即(ji)(ji)《甘誓》、《汤(tang)誓》，“命”即(ji)(ji)《毕命》、《顾命》之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。说者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)》体(ti)例(li)有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)，此六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)外尚(shang)有(you)(you)征、贡(gong)(gong)、歌、范四者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，并之(zhi)(zhi)则十(shi)(shi)矣。若(ruo)《益稷(ji)》、《盘庚》，单言(yan)附於(wu)十(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)。今(jin)孔(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)但举其(qi)机(ji)约，亦自征、贡(gong)(gong)、歌、范非君(jun)(jun)出言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)名，六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)。此云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)百篇(pian)(pian)”，据(ju)序而(er)数故(gu)(gu)耳(er)。或云(yun)(yun)(yun)百二(er)(er)篇(pian)(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，误有(you)(you)所由(you)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)时，有(you)(you)东莱张霸伪造《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》百两篇(pian)(pian)，而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纬(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)附之(zhi)(zhi)。因此郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)在大(da)(da)(da)司徒、大(da)(da)(da)仆(pu)正乎？此事(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)经也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)作《书(shu)(shu)(shu)论(lun)(lun)》，依(yi)《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)纬(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)求书(shu)(shu)(shu)，得黄(huang)帝(di)玄(xuan)孙(sun)帝(di)魁(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，迄於(wu)秦穆公，凡(fan)(fan)三(san)千二(er)(er)百四十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)。断远取(qu)近(jin)，定可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世法(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)百二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百二(er)(er)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》，十(shi)(shi)八篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《中候》。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)去(qu)三(san)千一(yi)百二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上取(qu)黄(huang)帝(di)玄(xuan)孙(sun)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)依(yi)用。今(jin)所考(kao)核《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》，首(shou)(shou)自舜(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)末年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)於(wu)禹(yu)，上录(lu)舜(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)得用之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，由(you)尧(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》，下取(qu)舜(shun)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)后，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舜(shun)让(rang)得人，故(gu)(gu)史(shi)体(ti)例(li)别(bie)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必君(jun)(jun)言(yan)。若(ruo)《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》全(quan)非君(jun)(jun)言(yan)，而(er)禹(yu)身事(shi)(shi)受禅(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)后无(wu)入(ru)《夏(xia)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。是(shi)舜(shun)史(shi)自录(lu)成(cheng)一(yi)法(fa)(fa)，后代因之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。
所以恢弘至道，示人主以轨范也。帝王之制，坦然明白，可举而行，三千之徒并受其义。
○恢，苦回反，大(da)也。坦，土管反
[疏]“所以”至“其义”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此(ci)论(lun)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)正(zheng)理群经已(yi)毕，总而结之，故(gu)为此(ci)言(yan)。《家(jia)语》及(ji)《史记》皆云(yun)“孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)三千人”，故(gu)云(yun)“三千之徒”也。
及秦始皇灭先代典籍，焚书坑儒，天下学士，逃难解散，我先人用藏其家书于屋壁。
○始(shi)皇名政，二十六年初并六国，自号始(shi)皇帝。焚《书(shu)》、《诗》在始(shi)皇之三(san)十四年，坑儒在三(san)十五年。坑，苦庚反。难，乃旦反。解音蟹(xie)。
[疏]“及秦”至“屋壁”。
○正义曰：言孔(kong)子(zi)既定(ding)(ding)此(ci)书后，虽曰明白，反遭(zao)秦(qin)(qin)始(shi)(shi)皇(huang)灭(mie)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)。依《秦(qin)(qin)本纪(ji)》云(yun)，秦(qin)(qin)王正二十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年平定(ding)(ding)天(tian)下(xia)，尊为(wei)皇(huang)帝(di)，不(bu)(bu)复立(li)谥，以(yi)为(wei)初(chu)并天(tian)下(xia)，故(gu)号始(shi)(shi)皇(huang)。为(wei)灭(mie)先代(dai)典(dian)籍，故(gu)云(yun)“坑儒(ru)焚书”。以(yi)即位三十(shi)(shi)四年，因置酒於(wu)咸(xian)阳宫，丞相(xiang)李斯奏请“天(tian)下(xia)敢有(you)藏(zang)(zang)《诗》、《书》、百(bai)家(jia)语者(zhe)，悉诣守、尉(wei)亲烧之(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)敢偶语《诗》、《书》者(zhe)弃市。令(ling)(ling)下(xia)三十(shi)(shi)日不(bu)(bu)烧，黥(qing)为(wei)城旦”。制曰：“可。”是(shi)(shi)“焚书”也。三十(shi)(shi)五年，始(shi)(shi)皇(huang)以(yi)方(fang)士(shi)(shi)卢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)求仙药(yao)不(bu)(bu)得，以(yi)为(wei)诽(fei)谤(bang)，诸(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)连相(xiang)告引(yin)，四百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)馀(yu)人(ren)皆(jie)坑之(zhi)(zhi)咸(xian)阳。是(shi)(shi)“坑儒(ru)”也。又卫宏《古(gu)文奇字(zi)(zi)序(xu)》云(yun)：“秦(qin)(qin)改(gai)古(gu)文以(yi)为(wei)篆隶，国人(ren)多诽(fei)谤(bang)。秦(qin)(qin)患天(tian)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)，而(er)召诸(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，至者(zhe)皆(jie)拜为(wei)郎，凡(fan)七百(bai)人(ren)。又密令(ling)(ling)冬月种瓜於(wu)骊山硎谷(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)温处，瓜实，乃使人(ren)上(shang)书曰：‘瓜冬有(you)实。’有(you)诏(zhao)天(tian)下(xia)博士(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)说之(zhi)(zhi)，人(ren)人(ren)各(ge)异，则(ze)皆(jie)使往视之(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)为(wei)伏机，诸(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)方(fang)相(xiang)论(lun)难，因发(fa)机，从(cong)上(shang)填之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)土，皆(jie)终命也。”“我先人(ren)用藏(zang)(zang)其家(jia)书于屋壁(bi)”者(zhe)，《史记·孔(kong)子(zi)世家(jia)》云(yun)，孔(kong)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鲤，字(zi)(zi)伯鱼。鱼生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)伋，字(zi)(zi)子(zi)思(si)。思(si)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白，字(zi)(zi)子(zi)上(shang)。上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)求，字(zi)(zi)子(zi)家(jia)。家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)箕，字(zi)(zi)子(zi)京(jing)。京(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)穿，字(zi)(zi)子(zi)高。高生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)慎(shen)(shen)，慎(shen)(shen)为(wei)魏相(xiang)。慎(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鲋(fu)，鲋(fu)为(wei)陈涉(she)博士(shi)(shi)。鲋(fu)弟子(zi)襄(xiang)，为(wei)惠(hui)帝(di)博士(shi)(shi)，长(zhang)沙太(tai)守。襄(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)。中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)武。武生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)延陵及安(an)国，为(wei)武帝(di)博士(shi)(shi)，临淮(huai)太(tai)守。《家(jia)语序(xu)》云(yun)：“子(zi)襄(xiang)以(yi)秦(qin)(qin)法峻(jun)急(ji)，壁(bi)中(zhong)藏(zang)(zang)其家(jia)书。”是(shi)(shi)安(an)国祖藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)。
汉室龙兴，开设学校，旁求儒雅，以阐大猷。济南伏生，年过九十，失其本经，口以传授。裁二十馀篇。以其上古之书，谓之《尚书》。百篇之义，世莫得闻。
○校，户教反(fan)。《诗(shi)》笺云：“郑国谓学(xue)为校。”阐，尺善反(fan)，大也(ye)(ye)，明也(ye)(ye)。济，子礼反(fan)，郡(jun)名也(ye)(ye)。伏生，名胜。过，古卧反(fan)，后同。传(chuan)，直专反(fan)，下“传(chuan)之”同。“二(er)十馀篇”即(ji)马、郑所注二(er)十九篇也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“汉室”至“得闻”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：将(jiang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)由，故(gu)(gu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“龙兴(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)龙能变化，故(gu)(gu)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣人(ren)。九(jiu)(jiu)五“飞龙在(zai)(zai)天(tian)”，犹(you)圣人(ren)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“龙兴(xing)(xing)(xing)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“学(xue)校”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，校，学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《郑(zheng)诗序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)衿，刺学(xue)校废”，《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)明请毁乡校”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《汉(han)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“惠帝除挟书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律，立学(xue)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)教(jiao)(jiao)，招聘名(ming)士(shi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)景以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更众，至武(wu)帝尤甚。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“旁求(qiu)儒(ru)雅(ya)”。《诗·小雅(ya)》曰(yue)(yue)：“匪(fei)先(xian)民是(shi)(shi)程(cheng)，匪(fei)大(da)猷是(shi)(shi)经(jing)。”彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“猷，道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”大(da)道(dao)即先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)六(liu)籍是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)胜，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秦二(er)(er)世(shi)博士(shi)，《儒(ru)林(lin)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孝文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帝时(shi)(shi)(shi)，求(qiu)能治《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)下(xia)无(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，闻(wen)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，欲(yu)召。时(shi)(shi)(shi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)年(nian)已(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)馀，老不(bu)(bu)(bu)能行(xing)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)诏太常，使掌故(gu)(gu)臣晁(chao)错往受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间。”是(shi)(shi)“年(nian)过九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《史记》：“秦时(shi)(shi)(shi)焚(fen)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壁藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)后(hou)兵火(huo)起，流。汉(han)定天(tian)下(xia)，伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)求(qiu)其(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，亡(wang)数(shu)(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)，独(du)(du)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)于齐鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壁内(nei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“失其(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)经(jing)，口以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)授”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖(gai)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)初实(shi)(shi)壁内(nei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)齐鲁(lu)，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)既(ji)久，诵(song)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)熟，至其(qi)末(mo)年(nian)，因其(qi)习诵(song)，或(huo)亦(yi)(yi)目(mu)暗(an)，至年(nian)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晁(chao)错往受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)执经(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)口授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“裁二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馀篇(pian)(pian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，意(yi)在(zai)(zai)伤亡(wang)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)势。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数(shu)(shu)法(fa)随所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)近而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)欲(yu)多之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，当云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)，今(jin)“裁二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馀篇(pian)(pian)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“裁”亦(yi)(yi)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。又(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)自(zi)是(shi)(shi)计(ji)卷，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)计(ji)篇(pian)(pian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)，去《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》犹(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)。案(an)《史记》及《儒(ru)林(lin)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)独(du)(du)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)齐鲁(lu)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，非初伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。案(an)马(ma)融(rong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》后(hou)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”，郑(zheng)玄《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)论(lun)》亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民间得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》”。《别(bie)录》曰(yue)(yue)：“武(wu)帝末(mo)，民有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)壁内(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。与(yu)博士(shi)使读说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，数(shu)(shu)月皆(jie)起，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》非伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)司(si)马(ma)迁(qian)在(zai)(zai)武(wu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)见《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》出(chu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)，入於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)内(nei)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)史总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)出(chu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)曲别(bie)分析。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)民间所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)实(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)虽无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)篇(pian)(pian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八百诸侯(hou)俱至孟津，白鱼入舟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，与(yu)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》事同(tong)(tong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)说(shuo)？不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》出(chu)后(hou)。后(hou)人(ren)加(jia)增(zeng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)语？案(an)王(wang)(wang)(wang)充《论(lun)衡》及《后(hou)汉(han)史》献(xian)帝建安十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)黄门侍郎房宏(hong)等说(shuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，宣帝本(ben)(ben)(ben)始(shi)元年(nian)，河内(nei)女子(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)坏(huai)老子(zi)屋(wu)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》三(san)篇(pian)(pian)。《论(lun)衡》又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)掘(jue)地所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”今(jin)《史》、《汉(han)》书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)司(si)马(ma)迁(qian)时(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)并归於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)宣帝时(shi)(shi)(shi)始(shi)出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)宣帝时(shi)(shi)(shi)女子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可信。或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尔时(shi)(shi)(shi)重得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)亦(yi)(yi)据而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《史记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)篇(pian)(pian)，《武(wu)帝记》载今(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》末(mo)篇(pian)(pian)，由此(ci)(ci)(ci)刘向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作《别(bie)录》，班固(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《儒(ru)林(lin)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》，不(bu)(bu)(bu)分明，因同(tong)(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《史记》。而(er)(er)(er)(er)刘向(xiang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)武(wu)帝末(mo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，理(li)当是(shi)(shi)一(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)今(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即马(ma)融(rong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“吾见书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)多矣(yi)，凡诸所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)引，今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》皆(jie)无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)真，亦(yi)(yi)复(fu)何(he)疑？但(dan)(dan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)张霸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)伪造《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藏(zang)壁中，故(gu)(gu)后(hou)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)惑(huo)世(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)(yi)可今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》百篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)《周书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)实(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)观兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)录入《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。故(gu)(gu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)《泰(tai)(tai)(tai)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)“皇天(tian)震怒，命我文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)考，肃(su)将(jiang)天(tian)威，大(da)勋未(wei)集。肆(si)予(yu)小子(zi)发，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尔友邦冢君(jun)，观政於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)商”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)继在(zai)(zai)“伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指解(jie)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，名(ming)已(yi)先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)当云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，今(jin)先(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)加(jia)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”字(zi)乃伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)加(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”解(jie)上(shang)(shang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”训(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)。上(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，下(xia)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)慕尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，故(gu)(gu)义(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔(kong)(kong)君(jun)既(ji)陈伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)义(yi)(yi)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)更无(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)非，明即用伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，故(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。马(ma)融(rong)虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)见孔(kong)(kong)君(jun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)说(shuo)，理(li)自(zi)然(ran)同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)曰(yue)(yue)：“上(shang)(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，史所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。”郑(zheng)氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，尊(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)天(tian)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。”二(er)(er)家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”与(yu)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”相(xiang)将(jiang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)名(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)正出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)？郑(zheng)玄依(yi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)纬》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”字(zi)是(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)加(jia)，故(gu)(gu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)赞(zan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)乃尊(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》。”《璿玑钤》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“因而(er)(er)(er)(er)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》，加(jia)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue)：“《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》务以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”郑(zheng)玄溺於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)纬》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，何(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)须系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)乎？且(qie)孔(kong)(kong)君(jun)亲见伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)悉，自(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”，何(he)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)加(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，史所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”字(zi)与(yu)“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”俱有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，无(wu)(wu)先(xian)后(hou)。既(ji)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)“，何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)？书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)笔画记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)，群(qun)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)，何(he)知(zhi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》要责史所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？此(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)前儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)密耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)指定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)，自(zi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)汉(han)世(shi)，仰(yang)遵前代，自(zi)周已(yi)上(shang)(shang)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)。马(ma)融(rong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)氏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初耳(er)。”若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)易(yi)历(li)三(san)世(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)牺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。《礼(li)运(yun)》郑(zheng)玄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)食(shi)腥与(yu)易(yi)“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)结(jie)绳”同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，神农为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，五帝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)对，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)例(li)耳(er)。且(qie)太之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)上(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)异，《礼(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)唐虞(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)代，冠而(er)(er)(er)(er)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)定则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。但(dan)(dan)今(jin)世(shi)已(yi)上(shang)(shang)，仰(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，便为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)耳(er)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》是(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)名(ming)，“尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”是(shi)(shi)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)加(jia)，故(gu)(gu)诸引《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》曰(yue)(yue)”，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)配(pei)代而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)“《夏书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”无(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。
至鲁共王好治宫室，坏孔子旧宅，以广其居，於壁中得先人所藏古文虞夏商周之书及传《论语》、《孝经》，皆科斗文字。王又升孔子堂，闻金石丝竹之音，乃不坏宅。
○共音恭(gong)，亦(yi)作(zuo)龚，又作(zuo)恭(gong)。共王，汉景帝之(zhi)子，名(ming)馀。好，呼报反(fan)，下“好古”同。坏音怪，下同。《字林》作(zuo)<褱攴(po)>，云(yun)公坏反(fan)，毁也。传谓《春(chun)秋》也，一云(yun)周易十翼，非经谓之(zhi)传。论(lun)如字，又音伦。科，苦禾反(fan)。科斗，虫名(ming)，虾(xia)蟆(ma)子。书形似(si)之(zhi)。
[疏]“至鲁”至“坏宅”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：欲(yu)云(yun)得(de)百篇之由，故(gu)序(xu)其(qi)事。汉景帝之子(zi)(zi)名馀(yu)，封於(wu)(wu)(wu)鲁，为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，死谥曰(yue)(yue)(yue)共。存日以居(ju)(ju)於(wu)(wu)(wu)鲁，近孔子(zi)(zi)宅。好治(zhi)宫室(shi)，故(gu)欲(yu)裒益(yi)，乃坏(huai)(huai)孔子(zi)(zi)旧宅，以增(zeng)广其(qi)居(ju)(ju)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)所坏(huai)(huai)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)得(de)安国先人所藏古文虞(yu)夏(xia)商周之书(shu)及(ji)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》，皆(jie)是(shi)科斗文字(zi)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)虽得(de)此(ci)(ci)(ci)书(shu)，犹坏(huai)(huai)不止。又(you)升孔子(zi)(zi)庙堂，闻金锺(zhong)石磬丝琴竹管之音(yin)，以惧其(qi)神异乃止，不复敢坏(huai)(huai)宅也(ye)。上言(yan)(yan)藏家(jia)书(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)屋(wu)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)屋(wu)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)得(de)书(shu)也(ye)，亦(yi)得(de)及(ji)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》等。不从(cong)约云(yun)“得(de)《尚书(shu)》”，而(er)烦文言(yan)(yan)“虞(yu)夏(xia)商周之书(shu)”者，以壁(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)所得(de)，上有题目(mu)“虞(yu)夏(xia)商周书(shu)”，其(qi)序(xu)直(zhi)云(yun)“书(shu)序(xu)”，皆(jie)无(wu)“尚”字(zi)，故(gu)其(qi)目(mu)录亦(yi)然，故(gu)不云(yun)“尚书(shu)”而(er)言(yan)(yan)“虞(yu)夏(xia)商周之书(shu)”。安国亦(yi)以此(ci)(ci)(ci)知“尚”字(zi)是(shi)伏生(sheng)所加。惟此(ci)(ci)(ci)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)所无(wu)，则书(shu)本无(wu)“尚”字(zi)明矣。凡书(shu)，非经(jing)则谓(wei)(wei)之传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。言(yan)(yan)“及(ji)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》”，正(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》是(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。汉武帝谓(wei)(wei)东(dong)方朔云(yun)：“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘时然后言(yan)(yan)，人不厌其(qi)言(yan)(yan)。’”又(you)汉东(dong)平王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)刘云(yun)与其(qi)太师策书(shu)云(yun)：“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘陈力就列(lie)，不能者止。’”又(you)成帝赐翟方进(jin)策书(shu)云(yun)：“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘高而(er)不危，所以长(zhang)守(shou)贵也(ye)。’”是(shi)汉世通谓(wei)(wei)《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。以《论(lun)语》、《孝(xiao)(xiao)经(jing)》非先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之书(shu)，是(shi)孔子(zi)(zi)所传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)说(shuo)，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，所以异於(wu)(wu)(wu)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之书(shu)也(ye)。上已(yi)云(yun)“坏(huai)(huai)孔子(zi)(zi)旧宅”，又(you)云(yun)“乃不坏(huai)(huai)宅”者，初王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)意欲(yu)坏(huai)(huai)之，已(yi)坏(huai)(huai)其(qi)屋(wu)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)，闻八音(yin)之声，乃止，馀(yu)者不坏(huai)(huai)，明知已(yi)坏(huai)(huai)者亦(yi)不敢居(ju)(ju)，故(gu)云(yun)“乃不坏(huai)(huai)宅”耳。
悉以书还孔氏。科斗书废已久，时人无能知者，以所闻伏生之书考论文义，定其可知者，为隶古定，更以竹简写之，增多伏生二十五篇。伏生又以《舜典》合於《尧典》，《益稷》合於《皋陶谟》，《盘庚》三篇合为一，《康王之诰》合於《顾命》，复出此篇，并序，凡五十九篇，为四十六卷。其馀错乱摩灭，弗可复知，悉上送官，藏之书府，以待能者。
○隶音丽，谓用隶书(shu)(shu)写古(gu)文。二十(shi)五篇(pian)谓《虞书(shu)(shu)·大禹(yu)谟(mo)》，《夏书(shu)(shu)·五子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)》、《胤征(zheng)》，《商书(shu)(shu)·仲虺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰》、《汤诰》、《伊(yi)训》、《太甲》三篇(pian)、《咸有一德》、《说命(ming)》三篇(pian)，《周书(shu)(shu)·泰誓》三篇(pian)、《武成》、《旅(lv)(lv)獒(ao)》、《微子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)》、《蔡(cai)仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)》、《周官》、《君陈》、《毕(bi)命(ming)》、《君牙》、《冏命(ming)》。合旧音閤，又(you)(you)如字，下同(tong)。皋音高，本(ben)(ben)又(you)(you)作(zuo)咎。陶音遥，本(ben)(ben)又(you)(you)作(zuo)繇。盘，步干反(fan)，本(ben)(ben)又(you)(you)作(zuo)般。复，扶又(you)(you)反(fan)，下同(tong)。五十(shi)九篇(pian)即今所行(xing)五十(shi)八篇(pian)，其(qi)一是百篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)。谓《虞书(shu)(shu)·汩作(zuo)》、《九共》九篇(pian)、《膏饫(yu)》，《夏书(shu)(shu)·帝告》、《釐沃(wo)》、《汤征(zheng)》、《汝鸠》、《汝方(fang)》，《商书(shu)(shu)·夏社》、《疑至》、《臣扈》、《典宝》、《明居》、《肆(si)命(ming)》、《徂(cu)后》、《沃(wo)丁》、《咸乂》四篇(pian)、《伊(yi)陟》、《原命(ming)》、《仲丁》、《河(he)亶甲》、《祖乙》、《高宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训》，《周书(shu)(shu)·分器(qi)》、《旅(lv)(lv)巢命(ming)》、《归禾》、《嘉禾》、《成王政》、《将蒲姑》、《贿肃(su)慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)》、《亳姑》，凡四十(shi)二篇(pian)，亡(wang)。上，时掌反(fan)。
[疏]“悉以”至“能者”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：既云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)坏宅，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惧神灵，因还其(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。已前(qian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)，言(yan)“悉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)还孔(kong)氏(shi)”，则(ze)上(shang)“传(chuan)《论(lun)语》、《孝经》”等皆(jie)还之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)“悉”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)本(ben)(ben)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)今(jin)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)识，是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)名“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”。形(xing)多头粗尾(wei)细，状腹团圆，似水虫(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)经秦不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)废(fei)已久矣(yi)，时人(ren)无(wu)能(neng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。孔(kong)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)无(wu)能(neng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，己(ji)欲传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)闻伏(fu)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，比校起(qi)发，考论(lun)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。考文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)下(xia)事义推考其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“定其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，就古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)内(nei)(nei)(nei)定可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)隶(li)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)定。不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)就伏(fu)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)闻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明用(yong)(yong)伏(fu)生(sheng)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)外亦(yi)(yi)考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，谓(wei)并(bing)伏(fu)生(sheng)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)外有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)徒伏(fu)生(sheng)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)而(er)(er)(er)已。言(yan)“隶(li)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)谓(wei)就古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)(er)(er)从隶(li)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。存古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)慕，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隶(li)为(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)识，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“隶(li)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虽隶(li)而(er)(er)(er)犹(you)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)孔(kong)君(jun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)传(chuan)为(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)旧体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)世所(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)。案班固(gu)《汉志》及(ji)(ji)许氏(shi)《说(shuo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》，书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)本(ben)(ben)有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)指事，上(shang)下(xia)；二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)象(xiang)形(xing)，日(ri)月；三(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)形(xing)声，江(jiang)河；四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)会意，武信；五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)转注，考老；六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)假借(jie)，令长。此(ci)(ci)(ci)造字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)，字(zi)(zi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)虽变(bian)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)本(ben)(ben)皆(jie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)今(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)易也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)，皆(jie)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，未闻其(qi)(qi)异。宣(xuan)王(wang)纪(ji)其(qi)(qi)史籀始有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)篇(pian)(pian)，号曰(yue)(yue)(yue)篆(zhuan)籀，惟篆(zhuan)与(yu)(yu)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)(er)(er)已。卫恒曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)造书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，观(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)鸟(niao)迹，因而(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)(sui)滋，则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)。字(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)义，其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)代不(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)。及(ji)(ji)秦用(yong)(yong)篆(zhuan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，焚(fen)烧先代典(dian)籍，古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)绝矣(yi)。”许慎《说(shuo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》言(yan)自(zi)秦有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)篆(zhuan)，三(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)刻(ke)符(fu)，四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)虫(chong)(chong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)摹印(yin)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)署(shu)(shu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，七(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)殳书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)隶(li)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。亡(wang)(wang)新(xin)居摄，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)应(ying)制作，改(gai)定古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，使甄丰校定，时有(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，孔(kong)子(zi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)奇(qi)字(zi)(zi)，即(ji)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)字(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；三(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)篆(zhuan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，即(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)篆(zhuan)，下(xia)杜人(ren)程邈所(suo)(suo)(suo)作也(ye)(ye)(ye)；四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)佐书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，秦隶(li)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)缪(mou)(mou)篆(zhuan)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)摹印(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鸟(niao)虫(chong)(chong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)幡信也(ye)(ye)(ye)。由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)，即(ji)秦罢(ba)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，非(fei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)矣(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang)(wang)新(xin)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)并(bing)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，亦(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)造其(qi)(qi)字(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)新(xin)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)秦八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，用(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)篆(zhuan)、虫(chong)(chong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、摹印(yin)、隶(li)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，去(qu)其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)、刻(ke)符(fu)、殳书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、署(shu)(shu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，而(er)(er)(er)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)奇(qi)字(zi)(zi)，其(qi)(qi)刻(ke)符(fu)及(ji)(ji)署(shu)(shu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盖同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)摹印(yin)，殳书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)缪(mou)(mou)篆(zhuan)，大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)正(zheng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)慕古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)(nai)用(yong)(yong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)奇(qi)字(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)孔(kong)子(zi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)即(ji)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)颉(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)初(chu)出屋壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，皆(jie)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)时象(xiang)形(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)，今(jin)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)形(xing)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)，指体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)即(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)时秦世所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)，至(zhi)(zhi)汉犹(you)当(dang)识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)无(wu)能(neng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)亡(wang)(wang)新(xin)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)即(ji)孔(kong)氏(shi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)自(zi)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)，与(yu)(yu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)；又(you)秦有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)，若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)遂(sui)(sui)绝”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)篆(zhuan)非(fei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)虫(chong)(chong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)本(ben)(ben)别(bie)，则(ze)虫(chong)(chong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)非(fei)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)形(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，总指六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)象(xiang)科(ke)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)象(xiang)形(xing)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“更(geng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹简写之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，明留其(qi)(qi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。顾氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“策长二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)四寸，简长一(yi)(yi)(yi)尺(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸。”“曾多伏(fu)生(sheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)篇(pian)(pian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)篇(pian)(pian)题殊别(bie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《舜典(dian)》合(he)(he)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《尧典(dian)》，《益(yi)稷》合(he)(he)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《皋陶(tao)谟(mo)(mo)》”。伏(fu)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)亦(yi)(yi)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)(er)合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)老而(er)(er)(er)口授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，因诵(song)而(er)(er)(er)连之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)殊耳。其(qi)(qi)《盘(pan)庚(geng)》本(ben)(ben)当(dang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)并(bing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《康王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，连诵(song)而(er)(er)(er)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“王(wang)出在(zai)应(ying)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)”为(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)首(shou)，及(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“王(wang)若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，庶邦”亦(yi)(yi)误矣(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伏(fu)生(sheng)本(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)篇(pian)(pian)，《盘(pan)庚(geng)》出二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)篇(pian)(pian)，加(jia)《舜典(dian)》、《益(yi)稷》、《康王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰》凡五(wu)(wu)(wu)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)，加(jia)所(suo)(suo)(suo)增二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)，加(jia)序一(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九篇(pian)(pian)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“复出此(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)(pian)，并(bing)序，凡五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九篇(pian)(pian)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)除序也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“定五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)篇(pian)(pian)，既毕”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)数，明四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)尔。又(you)伏(fu)生(sheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)而(er)(er)(er)序在(zai)外，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然矣(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)见安国(guo)明说(shuo)，盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)序者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，异序者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)篇(pian)(pian)内(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)《太甲》、《盘(pan)庚(geng)》、《说(shuo)命》、《泰(tai)誓》皆(jie)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)共卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，减其(qi)(qi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)，又(you)《大(da)(da)(da)禹谟(mo)(mo)》、《皋陶(tao)谟(mo)(mo)》、《益(yi)稷》又(you)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)序共卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，其(qi)(qi)《康诰》、《酒(jiu)诰》、《梓(zi)材》亦(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)序共卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，则(ze)又(you)减四，通前(qian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)减十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)，非(fei)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)而(er)(er)(er)何？其(qi)(qi)《康王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰》乃(nai)(nai)与(yu)(yu)《顾命》别(bie)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)序故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“其(qi)(qi)馀错乱摩灭”，五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)篇(pian)(pian)外四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)篇(pian)(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)复知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦(yi)(yi)上(shang)送官。其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)己(ji)用(yong)(yong)竹简写得(de)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)，亦(yi)(yi)俱送入府(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)秘府(fu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)生(sheng)可(ke)(ke)畏，或(huo)贤圣间出，故(gu)(gu)(gu)须藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待能(neng)整理读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。
承诏为五十九篇作传，於是遂研精覃思，博考经籍，扌采摭群言，以立训传。约文申义，敷畅厥旨，庶几有补於将来。
○为，于(yu)伪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。覃(tan)，徒南(nan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，深也(ye)。思，息嗣反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。扌采，本(ben)又(you)作采。摭(zhi)，之石(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，一音之若反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。敷，芳夫反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。畅，丑亮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“承诏”至“将来”。
○正义(yi)曰：安国时为武(wu)帝博(bo)(bo)士(shi)，孔君考(kao)(kao)正古文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日，帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)知(zhi)，亦(yi)既(ji)定讫(qi)，当以(yi)闻(wen)於(wu)(wu)帝，帝令(ling)注(zhu)解，故云(yun)(yun)“承诏为五(wu)(wu)十九篇作(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”。以(yi)注(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)(duo)言(yan)(yan)曰“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”，“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)通(tong)故也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”名(ming)出自丘明。宾牟贾对孔子(zi)曰“史失其(qi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”。又《丧服》儒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)子(zi)夏作(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，是(shi)“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”名(ming)久(jiu)矣。但大率(lv)秦汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际，多(duo)(duo)名(ming)为“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”；於(wu)(wu)后(hou)儒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)其(qi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)多(duo)(duo)，或(huo)有(you)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别云(yun)(yun)“注(zhu)解”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；仍有(you)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意耳。说者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为例(li)院“前汉称(cheng)(cheng)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，於(wu)(wu)后(hou)皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)注(zhu)”，误矣。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？马融、王肃(su)亦(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)注(zhu)名(ming)为“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)何有(you)例(li)乎？以(yi)圣道弘深(shen)，当须(xu)详(xiang)悉(xi)，於(wu)(wu)是(shi)研核(he)精审，覃静思虑以(yi)求其(qi)理(li)(li)，冀免乖违，既(ji)顾(gu)察经(jing)(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，又取证(zheng)於(wu)(wu)外，故须(xu)广(guang)博(bo)(bo)推(tui)考(kao)(kao)群(qun)经(jing)(jing)六籍(ji)(ji)，又捃拾采摭(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，以(yi)此(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)证(zheng)造立训(xun)解，为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。明不(bu)率(lv)尔。虽(sui)复广(guang)证(zheng)，亦(yi)不(bu)烦多(duo)(duo)，为传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)直约(yue)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，令(ling)得(de)申尽其(qi)义(yi)。明文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)要(yao)义(yi)通(tong)，不(bu)假烦多(duo)(duo)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)此(ci)得(de)申，故能遍布通(tong)畅(chang)《书》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)意，是(shi)辞达而(er)已，不(bu)求於(wu)(wu)烦。既(ji)义(yi)畅(chang)而(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)要(yao)，则(ze)观者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)晓悟，故云(yun)(yun)庶几(ji)有(you)所(suo)补益(yi)於(wu)(wu)将来(lai)，读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)得(de)悟而(er)有(you)益(yi)也(ye)(ye)。敷，布也(ye)(ye)。厥，其(qi)也(ye)(ye)。庶，幸(xing)也(ye)(ye)。几(ji)，冀也(ye)(ye)。《尔雅》有(you)训(xun)。既(ji)云(yun)(yun)“经(jing)(jing)籍(ji)(ji)”，又称(cheng)(cheng)“群(qun)言(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“经(jing)(jing)籍(ji)(ji)”，五(wu)(wu)经(jing)(jing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)；“群(qun)言(yan)(yan)”，子(zi)史是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)《书》与经(jing)(jing)籍(ji)(ji)理(li)(li)相因通(tong)，故云(yun)(yun)“博(bo)(bo)考(kao)(kao)”；子(zi)史时有(you)所(suo)须(xu)，故云(yun)(yun)“采摭(zhi)(zhi)”耳。案孔君此(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)辞旨(zhi)不(bu)多(duo)(duo)，是(shi)“约(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”也(ye)(ye)。要(yao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)无不(bu)解，是(shi)“申义(yi)”也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)义(yi)既(ji)申，故云(yun)(yun)敷畅(chang)其(qi)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)趣耳。考(kao)(kao)其(qi)此(ci)注(zhu)，不(bu)但言(yan)(yan)少(shao)，《书》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为言(yan)(yan)多(duo)(duo)须(xu)诂训(xun)，而(er)孔君为例(li)，一(yi)训(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，重(zhong)训(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少(shao)，此(ci)亦(yi)约(yue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。
《书序》，序所以为作者之意。昭然义见，宜相附近，故引之各冠其篇首，定五十八篇。既毕，会国有巫蛊事，经籍道息，用不复以闻，传之子孙，以贻后代。若好古博雅君子，与我同志，亦所不隐也。
○为(wei)，于伪(wei)反(fan)，又如字。见，贤遍反(fan)。冠，工乱反(fan)。巫(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)，汉武(wu)帝末征和中，江充造蛊(gu)(gu)败(bai)戾(li)太子(zi)，故经籍(ji)道息焉。巫(wu)音无。蛊(gu)(gu)音古。贻，以之(zhi)反(fan)。
[疏]“书序”至“隐也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：孔君(jun)既言己(ji)(ji)立传(chuan)之(zhi)意，又当(dang)斟(zhen)酌所宜。而(er)(er)《书(shu)(shu)序》虽名(ming)为序，不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)总陈书(shu)(shu)意泛论，乃篇(pian)篇(pian)各序作(zuo)(zuo)意，但作(zuo)(zuo)序者不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢厕(ce)於正(zheng)经，故(gu)谦(qian)而(er)(er)聚於下。而(er)(er)注述者不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)代作(zuo)(zuo)者之(zhi)谦(qian)，须从利(li)益而(er)(er)欲分(fen)之(zhi)，从便云(yun)序，序所以(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)篇(pian)为作(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)(ci)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)意，则是(shi)(shi)当(dang)篇(pian)作(zuo)(zuo)意观序而(er)(er)昭然，意义显见。既义见由序，此(ci)(ci)序宜各与其本篇(pian)相(xiang)(xiang)从附(fu)近，不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜聚於一处(chu)。故(gu)每篇(pian)引(yin)而(er)(er)分(fen)之(zhi)，各冠加(jia)於篇(pian)首(shou)，令(ling)(ling)意昭见。序既分(fen)散，损其一篇(pian)，故(gu)定五十八篇(pian)。然此(ci)(ci)本承诏(zhao)(zhao)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)，作(zuo)(zuo)毕(bi)当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)奏闻(wen)知，但会值国(guo)家(jia)有(you)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)之(zhi)事，好爱(ai)经籍之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)灭息，假奏亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)用，为此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)故(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)奏闻(wen)。亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)既传(chuan)成不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)闻(wen)上(shang)，惟自传(chuan)於己(ji)(ji)之(zhi)子(zi)孙，以(yi)(yi)(yi)遗与后世(shi)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)使(shi)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)。亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢望(wang)后世(shi)必行(xing)(xing)，故(gu)云(yun)若后世(shi)有(you)好爱(ai)古道(dao)(dao)(dao)、广(guang)博学问、志怀(huai)雅(ya)正(zheng)如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)君(jun)子(zi)，冀能(neng)(neng)与我(wo)同於慕古之(zhi)志，以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)我(wo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。我(wo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)得(de)此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)流行(xing)(xing)，亦(yi)(yi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)隐(yin)蔽。是(shi)(shi)弘道(dao)(dao)(dao)由人(ren)(ren)也。言“巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)”者，《王制》曰(yue)(yue)：“执左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)乱政者杀(sha)。”郑玄注云(yun)：“左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)谓巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)之(zhi)属。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)非正(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，故(gu)谓之(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)蛊(gu)(gu)皆(jie)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)所行(xing)(xing)，故(gu)云(yun)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)。蛊(gu)(gu)者总名(ming)。《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》云(yun)：“惑(huo)(huo)蛊(gu)(gu)其君(jun)。”则蛊(gu)(gu)者怪惑(huo)(huo)之(zhi)名(ming)。指体则药(yao)毒(du)害人(ren)(ren)者是(shi)(shi)，若行(xing)(xing)符厌俗(su)之(zhi)为魅，令(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)蛊(gu)(gu)惑(huo)(huo)夭年伤性皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)也。依《汉书(shu)(shu)》，此(ci)(ci)时武帝(di)末(mo)年，上(shang)已年老，淫(yin)惑(huo)(huo)鬼神，崇信(xin)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)术。由此(ci)(ci)奸人(ren)(ren)江(jiang)充(chong)因(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)诈，先於太(tai)子(zi)宫(gong)埋桐人(ren)(ren)，告上(shang)云(yun)：“太(tai)子(zi)宫(gong)有(you)蛊(gu)(gu)气。”上(shang)信(xin)之(zhi)，使(shi)江(jiang)充(chong)治之(zhi)，於太(tai)子(zi)宫(gong)果(guo)得(de)桐人(ren)(ren)。太(tai)子(zi)知己(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为此(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)江(jiang)充(chong)故(gu)为陷己(ji)(ji)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)杀(sha)之(zhi)。而(er)(er)帝(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知太(tai)子(zi)实(shi)心，谓江(jiang)充(chong)言为实(shi)，即诏(zhao)(zhao)丞相(xiang)(xiang)刘(liu)屈氂发(fa)三辅兵(bing)讨之(zhi)。太(tai)子(zi)看长安因(yin)(yin)(yin)与斗，不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜而(er)(er)出(chu)走(zou)，奔湖关(guan)自杀(sha)。此(ci)(ci)即巫(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蛊(gu)(gu)事也。言“不(bu)(bu)(bu)隐(yin)”者，不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓恐隐(yin)藏(zang)己(ji)(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)己(ji)(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)知，惧其幽隐(yin)，人(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)使(shi)显，为不(bu)(bu)(bu)隐(yin)蔽耳。易曰(yue)(yue)：“谦(qian)谦(qian)君(jun)子(zi)。”仁(ren)者好谦(qian)，而(er)(er)孔君(jun)自作(zuo)(zuo)揄扬。云(yun)君(jun)子(zi)知己(ji)(ji)者亦(yi)(yi)意在(zai)教世(shi)，欲令(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)睹此(ci)(ci)言，知己(ji)(ji)传(chuan)是(shi)(shi)深远，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)有(you)所晓寤，令(ling)(ling)之(zhi)有(you)益，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)苟谦(qian)也。亦(yi)(yi)犹孔子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“何有(you)於我(wo)哉”。