●卷四
◎天(tian)官冢宰下(xia)
(
○陆曰:“本亦作天官冢宰(zai)下。”)
医师掌医之政令,聚毒药以共医事。(毒药,药之辛苦者,药之物恒多毒。《孟子》曰:“若药不瞑眩,厥疾不瘳。”
○瞑,眠(mian)见反(fan),徐亡于反(fan)。眩,玄(xuan)见反(fan),徐音玄(xuan),刘音虎县反(fan)。不瘳,敕(chi)留反(fan)。)
[疏]“医师”至“医事”
○释曰:医师者,众医之长,故掌医之政令。言“聚毒药以共医事”者,谓所有药物并皆聚之,以供疾医、疡医等,故言以供医事。
○注“毒药”至“不瘳”
○释(shi)曰(yue):言(yan)(yan)“毒(du)(du)药(yao)(yao)(yao),药(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)辛苦(ku)”者(zhe),细辛,苦(ku)参,虽辛苦(ku)而无毒(du)(du),但有毒(du)(du)者(zhe)多辛苦(ku),故云(yun)毒(du)(du)药(yao)(yao)(yao)药(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)辛苦(ku)者(zhe)。又云(yun)“药(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)物恒多毒(du)(du)”者(zhe),药(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)有毒(du)(du)者(zhe),谓巴(ba)豆、狼牙(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也。药(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)有无毒(du)(du)者(zhe),谓人参、芎穷之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也。药(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)无毒(du)(du)亦(yi)聚之(zhi)(zhi)。直言(yan)(yan)聚毒(du)(du)药(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),以毒(du)(du)为主,故郑云(yun)药(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)物恒多毒(du)(du)。又引《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)》者(zhe),案《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)》滕文(wen)公为世(shi)子(zi)(zi),将(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)楚,过宋,级孟(meng)子(zi)(zi),而谓之(zhi)(zhi)云(yun):“今滕国,绝(jue)长补短,将(jiang)(jiang)五(wu)十里(li),可以为善国乎(hu)?《书》曰(yue):‘药(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)瞑眩,厥疾不(bu)瘳。’”注云(yun):“逸《书》也。药(yao)(yao)(yao)使人瞑眩闷乱(luan),乃(nai)得瘳愈,犹人敦(dun)德(de)惠(hui)乃(nai)治也。”引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证药(yao)(yao)(yao)中(zhong)有毒(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)意。此是(shi)《古(gu)文(wen)尚(shang)书·说(shuo)命(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian),高宗(zong)语傅说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)也。不(bu)引《说(shuo)命(ming)》而引《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)》者(zhe),郑不(bu)见《古(gu)文(wen)尚(shang)书》故也。
凡邦之有疾病者、<疒匕>疡者造焉,则使医分而治之。(<疒匕>,头疡,亦谓秃也。身伤曰疡。分之者,医各有能。
○<疒(chuang)匕>,戚匹婢反(fan),徐(xu)芳(fang)鄙反(fan),刘芳(fang)指反(fan),一(yi)音芳(fang)夷反(fan)。疡,音羊,身创也。造,七报反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“治之”
○释曰:国中有疾病者,谓若《疾医》所云者是也。<疒匕>疡者,谓若《疡医》所云者是也。云“造焉”者,此二者,皆来造医师也。云“医师则使医分而治之”者,疾病者付疾医,<疒匕>疡者付疡医,故云分而治之。下有食医、兽医,亦属医师,不来造医师者,食医主齐和饮食,不须造医师;兽医,畜兽之贱,便造兽医,故亦不须造医师。
○注“<疒匕>头”至“有能”
○释曰:言“<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>,头疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe),案下《疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)医(yi)(yi)(yi)》肿(zhong)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)等不(bu)言<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>,此特(te)言<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>者(zhe)(zhe),肿(zhong)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)等可以兼之,故云(yun)<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>头疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),谓(wei)头上有(you)疮含脓(nong)血(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)云(yun)“亦(yi)谓(wei)秃(tu)(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),秃(tu)(tu)(tu)含脓(nong)血(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe),则入<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>中(zhong);秃(tu)(tu)(tu)而不(bu)含脓(nong)血(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe),<疒(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)匕(bi)(bi)>中(zhong)可以兼之,故云(yun)亦(yi)谓(wei)秃(tu)(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“身伤曰疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)“身有(you)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)则浴”是(shi)也(ye)(ye),即《疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)医(yi)(yi)(yi)》所云(yun)肿(zhong)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已下亦(yi)是(shi)。云(yun)“分之者(zhe)(zhe),医(yi)(yi)(yi)各有(you)能(neng)”者(zhe)(zhe),疾医(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)疾不(bu)知(zhi)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)医(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)疡(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)知(zhi)疾,故云(yun)医(yi)(yi)(yi)各有(you)能(neng)。
岁终,则稽其医事以制其食。十全为上,十失一次之,十失二次之,十失三次之,十失四为下。(食,禄也。全犹愈也。以失四为下者,五则半矣,或不治自愈。
○稽,古(gu)兮反(fan),考也,後皆放(fang)此。)
[疏]“岁终”至“为下”
○释曰:言“岁终”者,谓至周之岁终。云“则稽其医事”者,谓疾医等岁始已来,治病有愈有不愈,并有案记。今岁终总考计之,故言稽其医事。云“以制其食”,据所治愈不愈之状而制其食禄,而制五等之差。云“十全为上”者,谓治十还得十,制之上等之食。云“十失一次之”者,谓治十得九,制禄次少於上者。云“十失二次之”者,谓治十得八,制禄次少於九者。“十失三次之”者,谓治十得七,制禄次少於八者。“十失四为下”者,谓治十得六,制禄次於得七者。
○注“食禄”至“自愈”
○释(shi)曰:“食(shi)(shi),禄(lu)也(ye)”者(zhe),食(shi)(shi)即月俸,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)禄(lu)解食(shi)(shi)。依《序官》,疾医(yi)中士(shi)(shi),疡医(yi)下士(shi)(shi)。案(an)《礼记(ji)·王(wang)制(zhi)》:下士(shi)(shi)视(shi)上农夫,食(shi)(shi)九人禄(lu);中士(shi)(shi)倍下士(shi)(shi),十八人禄(lu)。若然(ran),中士(shi)(shi)禄(lu)食(shi)(shi)有常,今(jin)差为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)者(zhe),但功(gong)中者(zhe)守本禄(lu),功(gong)高者(zhe)益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi),功(gong)下者(zhe)损(sun)之(zhi)(zhi),欲勉励医(yi)者(zhe),故(gu)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)差。云(yun)“失四为(wei)下者(zhe),五(wu)(wu)(wu)则(ze)半矣(yi),或不(bu)治自愈”者(zhe),案(an)《汉书·艺文志》云(yun):《神农黄帝(di)食(shi)(shi)药》七卷(juan),云(yun)寒(han)温(wen)疾病之(zhi)(zhi)浅,深辨五(wu)(wu)(wu)苦六辛,致水火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)齐,以(yi)(yi)通开结(jie)。反之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)乃失其宜者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)热(re)益(yi)热(re),以(yi)(yi)寒(han)益(yi)寒(han),积气内伤,是以(yi)(yi)独失,故(gu)谚云(yun)“有病不(bu)治,恒得(de)中医(yi)汉书《艺文志》。若然(ran),此(ci)(ci)经失四之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)亦(yi)是以(yi)(yi)寒(han)益(yi)寒(han),以(yi)(yi)热(re)益(yi)热(re)。言(yan)有病不(bu)治恒得(de)中医(yi),故(gu)郑云(yun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)则(ze)半矣(yi),或不(bu)治自愈,释(shi)经所以(yi)(yi)不(bu)言(yan)十失五(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。
食医掌和王之六食、六饮、六膳、百羞、百酱、八珍之齐。(和,调也。
○食(shi),音嗣(si),下(xia)“食(shi)齐”同。齐,才细(xi)反,下(xia)皆同。徐蒋(jiang)细(xi)反。)
[疏]“食医”至“之齐”
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)“掌和(he)王(wang)之六食”以下(xia)者,此等并是膳夫所掌,此食医调和(he)而(er)已。其(qi)六食、六饮等之义(yi),并在《膳夫》。
凡食齐氐春时,(饭宜温。
○氐(di)(di)(di),音视(shi)。)羹(geng)齐氐(di)(di)(di)夏(xia)时,(羹(geng)宜热(re)。)酱齐氐(di)(di)(di)秋时,(酱宜凉(liang)。)饮(yin)齐氐(di)(di)(di)冬时。(饮(yin)宜寒。)
[疏]“凡食”至“冬时”
○释曰:言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“凡(fan)食(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)春时(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“凡(fan)者(zhe),总与(yu)下四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)为目,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)凡(fan)以该(gai)(gai)之(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“食(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),即上(shang)六(liu)食(shi)(shi),则《内则》所云食(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)一也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“饭之(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)和。氐(di)(di),犹(you)比也(ye)。四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)常温,比於(wu)春时(shi)(shi)(shi),故郑云“饭宜(yi)温”。“羹(geng)齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)夏(xia)时(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),谓大羹(geng)、羹(geng)、菜羹(geng),等其所齐(qi)(qi)和,四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)常热,故云氐(di)(di)夏(xia)时(shi)(shi)(shi),羹(geng)宜(yi)热故也(ye)。云“酱齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)秋时(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),案(an)《醢人(ren)》、《醯(xi)人(ren)》唯有(you)醯(xi)醢,不言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)酱,即豆酱也(ye)。案(an)《公食(shi)(shi)大夫》“公亲(qin)设酱”。酱者(zhe),食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)主,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)酱则该(gai)(gai)诸(zhu)豆实。四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)须(xu)凉,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)酱齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)秋时(shi)(shi)(shi)。又云“饮齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)冬时(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),谓若(ruo)《浆(jiang)人(ren)》六(liu)饮水浆(jiang)之(zhi)等。四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)须(xu)寒,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)饮齐(qi)(qi)氐(di)(di)冬时(shi)(shi)(shi),饮宜(yi)寒故也(ye)。
凡和,春多酸,夏多苦,秋多辛,冬多咸,调以滑甘。(各尚其时味,而甘以成之,犹水火金木之载於土。《内则》曰:“枣栗饴蜜以甘之,堇榆娩槁氵氵隋以滑之。”
○和,胡卧(wo)反(fan)。饴,以之反(fan)。堇,音(yin)谨。,音(yin)桓。,符云反(fan)。娩,音(yin)问(wen)。槁,苦(ku)老(lao)反(fan)。氵,刘思(si)酒(jiu)反(fan),徐相幼反(fan)。氵隋,相蕊(rui)反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡和”至“滑甘”
○释曰:言“凡和”者,亦与下四时为目。言“春多酸”者,东方木味酸,属春,谓和食,酸多於馀味一分,故云春多酸。云“夏多苦”者,南方火味苦,属夏,夏时调和食,苦亦多於馀味一分,故云夏多苦。“秋多辛”者,西方金味辛,属秋,秋时调和食,辛亦多於馀味一分,故云秋多辛。冬多咸”者,北方水味咸,属冬,冬时调和食,咸亦多於馀味一分,故言冬多咸。“调以滑甘”者,中央土味甘,属季夏,金木水火,非土不载,於五行土为尊,於五味甘为上,故甘总调四味。“滑”者,通利往来,亦所以调和四味,故云调以滑甘。此五味之言,出《洪范》及《月令》。
○注“各尚”至“滑之”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):言“各(ge)尚(shang)其时味”者(zhe),多(duo)一(yi)分者(zhe)也,必多(duo)其时味者(zhe),所以(yi)助时气也。又引“《内则(ze)》曰(yue)(yue)枣(zao)栗饴蜜以(yi)甘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),证(zheng)经甘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用物(wu)也。又云“堇榆娩槁(gao)氵氵隋(sui)(sui)以(yi)滑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),证(zheng)经滑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。郑君注《内则(ze)》:“,堇类。榆白曰(yue)(yue)。娩,新生者(zhe)。槁(gao),乾也。齐人溲曰(yue)(yue)盎。秦人滑曰(yue)(yue)氵隋(sui)(sui)。”谓(wei)将此(ci)堇已下,和溲以(yi)滑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
凡会膳食之宜,牛宜余,羊宜黍,豕宜稷,犬宜粱,雁宜麦,鱼宜菰。(会,成也,谓其味相成。郑司农云:“余,更也,《尔雅》曰‘余,稻’,菰,胡也。”
○余,音杜,又他杜反。菰,音孤。更,本亦作亢(kang),音庚。,刘本作凋(diao),音。)
[疏]“凡会”至“宜菰”
○释曰:“凡会膳食之宜”者,谓会成膳食相宜之法。言“牛宜余”者,依《本草》、《素问》,牛味甘平,稻味苦而又温,甘苦相成,故云牛宜余。“羊宜黍”者,羊味甘热,黍味苦温,亦是甘苦相成,故云羊宜黍。“豕宜稷”者,猪味酸,牝猪味苦,稷米味甘,亦是甘苦相成,故云豕宜稷。“犬宜粱”者,犬味酸而温,粱米味甘而微寒,亦是气味相成,故云犬宜粱。又云“雁宜麦”者,雁味甘平,大麦味酸而温,小麦味甘微寒,亦是气味相成,故云雁宜麦。云“鱼宜菰”者,鱼味寒,鱼族甚多,寒热酸苦兼有,而云宜菰,或同是水物相宜,故云鱼宜菰。
○注“会成”至“胡也”
○释曰:云“余(yu),更也(ye)”者,亦方(fang)俗异名。云“《尔雅》曰余(yu),稻也(ye),菰,胡(hu)也(ye)”者,今(jin)南方(fang)见(jian)有(you)菰米是也(ye)。
凡君子之食恒放焉。(放犹依也。
○放,甫往反。)
[疏]“凡君”至“放焉”
○释曰:上六食六饮(yin)一经,据共(gong)王,不通(tong)放下(xia)。凡(fan)食“春多酸”已下(xia),至(zhi)“鱼(yu)宜菰”已上,齐和(he)相成之事(shi),虽以王为(wei)主,君子大夫(fu)已上亦(yi)依之,故(gu)云“恒(heng)放焉(yan)”。
疾医掌养万民之疾病。四时皆有疠疾:春时有首疾,夏时有痒疥疾,秋时有疟寒疾,冬时有嗽上气疾。(疠疾,气不和之疾。,酸削也。首疾,头痛也。嗽,也。上气,逆喘也。《五行传》曰:“六疠作见。”
○,音(yin)消。痒,以掌(zhang)反(fan)(fan)。疥,音(yin)介。嗽,西豆反(fan)(fan),本亦作束。上,时(shi)掌(zhang)反(fan)(fan),注同。,苦代反(fan)(fan)。喘,音(yin)昌兖反(fan)(fan)。见,音(yin)贤遍(bian)反(fan)(fan),下同。)
[疏]“疾医”至“气疾”
○释曰:言“掌养万民之有疾病五行传者,此主疗治疾病。而云养者,但是疗治,必须将养,故以养言之。疾病两言之者,疾轻,病重,故注《论语》云“疾甚曰病”。谓疾病俱疗,故两言之。此直言万民,不言王与大夫,《医师》虽不言,或可医师治之。云“四时皆有疠疾”者,此言亦与下为目。云“春时有首疾”者,春是四时之首,阳气将盛,惟金木,故有头首之疾。言者,谓头痛之外别有酸削之痛。云“夏时有痒疥疾”者,四月纯阳用事,五月已後阴气始起,惟水火,水为甲,疥有甲,故有疥痒之疾。云“秋时有疟寒疾”者,秋时阳气渐销,阴气方盛,惟火金,兼寒兼热,故有疟寒之疾。云“冬时有嗽上气疾”者,冬时阴气盛,阳气方起,惟土水,以土壅水,其气不通,故有嗽上气之疾。
○注“疠疾”至“作见”
○释曰(yue)(yue):言(yan)(yan)“疠(li)疾,气不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾”者(zhe),疠(li),谓(wei)疠(li)疫。人君政(zheng)教失(shi)所,则有五(wu)行(xing)相(xiang)克,气叙不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)疠(li)疫起,故(gu)云(yun)气不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾。云(yun)“,酸(suan)(suan)(suan)削也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),人患头痛,则有酸(suan)(suan)(suan)嘶(si)而痛,酸(suan)(suan)(suan)削,则酸(suan)(suan)(suan)嘶(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“嗽,也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)若《内则》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢嚏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)嗽也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“上气,逆喘(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),向(xiang)上喘(chuan)息谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逆喘(chuan)。引“《五(wu)行(xing)传》曰(yue)(yue)六(liu)疠(li)作见(jian)”,案《五(wu)行(xing)传》云(yun):“五(wu)福乃降,用彰於下,六(liu)作见(jian)。一曰(yue)(yue)貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭,是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肃,惟(wei)(wei)金木。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)又(you),惟(wei)(wei)火(huo)金。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“氐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明,是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)哲,惟(wei)(wei)水(shui)火(huo)。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聪,是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋,惟(wei)(wei)土水(shui)。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)睿(rui),是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圣,惟(wei)(wei)木金水(shui)火(huo)土。”此其五(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)六(liu)者(zhe),天虽无,案《洪范》六(liu)极(ji),又(you)案《书传》致六(liu)极(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you),皆由(you)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)事。一曰(yue)(yue)凶短(duan)折,思(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)睿(rui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu);二(er)曰(yue)(yue)疾,氐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu);三曰(yue)(yue)忧,言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu);四曰(yue)(yue)贫,听不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu);五(wu)曰(yue)(yue)恶,貌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu);六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)弱(ruo),皇(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)极(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu)。据(ju)此六(liu)极(ji),皇(huang)(huang)极(ji)为(wei)属(shu)天王者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)极(ji)亦(yi)有疴疾病,并前(qian)五(wu)者(zhe)为(wei)六(liu)。彼言(yan)(yan)此郑(zheng)注言(yan)(yan)疠(li)者(zhe),言(yan)(yan)谓(wei)五(wu)行(xing)相(xiang)乘(cheng),此言(yan)(yan)疠(li),疠(li)气与人为(wei)疫,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。若据(ju)五(wu)事所置言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾皆据(ju)氐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以五味、五、五药养其病,(养犹治也。病由气胜负而生,攻其赢,养其不足者。五味,醯酒饴蜜姜盐之属。五,麻黍稷麦豆也。五药,草木石也。其治合之齐,则存乎神农、子仪之术云。
○赢,音盈,後不音者同。合,如(ru)字,又音ト,下同。)
[疏]注“养犹”至“术云”
○释曰:言(yan)(yan)(yan)“养(yang)(yang)犹治(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),病(bing)者(zhe)须养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)养(yang)(yang)犹治(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“病(bing)由气胜(sheng)负而生(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe),假令夏时(shi)热(re),病(bing)者(zhe)体寒(han),即(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)水(shui),水(shui)羸而胜(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),火(huo)气负而不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)犹气胜(sheng)负而生(sheng)(sheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)其(qi)赢,养(yang)(yang)其(qi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)”者(zhe),夏时(shi)病(bing)者(zhe),则(ze)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan),五(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)稷(ji),以甘(gan)(gan)稷(ji)是(shi)(shi)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味,土所克(ke)水(shui),是(shi)(shi)攻(gong)其(qi)赢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。土生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)火(huo),土是(shi)(shi)火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),食(shi)(shi)甘(gan)(gan)稷(ji),为(wei)子(zi)养(yang)(yang)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)养(yang)(yang)其(qi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)味,醯酒饴蜜姜(jiang)盐(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe),醯则(ze)酸(suan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),酒则(ze)苦(ku)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),饴蜜即(ji)(ji)(ji)甘(gan)(gan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),姜(jiang)即(ji)(ji)(ji)辛(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),盐(yan)即(ji)(ji)(ji)咸也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此即(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味酸(suan)苦(ku)辛(xin)咸甘(gan)(gan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味酸(suan)咸等(deng),而言(yan)(yan)(yan)醯酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属者(zhe),当时(shi)医方,见用醯酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),故(gu)举(ju)以言(yan)(yan)(yan)焉。又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu),麻(ma)(ma)黍稷(ji)麦(mai)豆(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此依《月令》五(wu)(wu)(wu)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此五(wu)(wu)(wu),据养(yang)(yang)疾而食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非必入(ru)於(wu)药(yao)(yao)分(fen)。又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)药(yao)(yao),草木虫石(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),草谓麻(ma)(ma)黄(huang)勺药(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),木谓厚朴杜仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),虫谓吴公(gong)蠃鳖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),石(shi)(shi)谓磁(ci)石(shi)(shi)白(bai)石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓五(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)有入(ru)药(yao)(yao)分(fen)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)治(zhi)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐,则(ze)存乎神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)、子(zi)仪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术云(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe),案刘向云(yun)(yun)(yun):“扁鹊(que)治(zhi)赵太子(zi)暴疾尸{厥足(zu)(zu)(zu)}之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing),使子(zi)明炊汤,子(zi)仪脉神(shen)(shen),子(zi)术案摩。”又(you)(you)(you)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)经(jing)簿(bu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“《子(zi)义本草经(jing)》一卷。”仪与义,一人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,子(zi)义亦周末时(shi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。并不(bu)说神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)。案张(zhang)仲景《金匮》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“神(shen)(shen)农(nong)(nong)能(neng)尝百(bai)药(yao)(yao)”,则(ze)炎帝者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)此二人(ren),能(neng)合和此术耳。
以五气、五声、五色氐其死生。(三者剧易之徵,见於外者。五气,五藏所出气也。肺气热,心气次之,肝气凉,脾气温,肾气寒。五声,言语宫商角徵羽也。五色,面貌青赤黄白黑也。察其盈虚休王,吉凶可知。审用此者,莫若扁鹊、仓公。
○易,以鼓反。藏,才浪反,下文及注同。徵(zhi),张里反。王,往况反。扁(bian),本亦作扁(bian),蒲典反,徐抗(kang)忍反。鹊(que),《汉书音义(yi)》云:“扁(bian)鹊(que),魏(wei)桓侯时医人(ren)(ren)。”《史(shi)记》云:“姓秦,名少齐,越人(ren)(ren)。”仓公,《史(shi)记》云:“姓淳于,名意,临淄(zi)人(ren)(ren),为齐太仓令,汉文帝时人(ren)(ren)。”)
[疏]“以五”至“死生”
○释曰:上文三五,所以治疗。此经三五,观其死生。故云“氐其死生”。
○注“三者”至“仓公”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)剧易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵,见(jian)(jian)於(wu)外(wai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)经三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)是(shi)(shi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)气(qi)(qi)与声(sheng)(sheng)色(se)(se)(se)。其(qi)病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)内,人所(suo)不(bu)睹,见(jian)(jian)其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)色(se)(se)(se),则(ze)知(zhi)增剧及简易,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)剧易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵见(jian)(jian)於(wu)外(wai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藏所(suo)出气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藏谓气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)藏,故(gu)知(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)气(qi)(qi)出於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藏。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肺(fei)气(qi)(qi)热(re)(re)(re)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)已下(xia)并(bing)据(ju)《月(yue)令(ling)》“牲南(nan)首(shou)”而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。肺(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上,当(dang)夏,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肺(fei)气(qi)(qi)热(re)(re)(re)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“心气(qi)(qi)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),心在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)肺(fei)下(xia),心位(wei)当(dang)土(tu),心气(qi)(qi)亦(yi)热(re)(re)(re),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肝(gan)气(qi)(qi)凉(liang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),肝(gan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)心下(xia)近右(you),其(qi)位(wei)当(dang)秋(qiu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肝(gan)气(qi)(qi)凉(liang)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)三藏并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)膈(ge)上。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“脾(pi)气(qi)(qi)温”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)藏值(zhi)春,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)温。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肾(shen)气(qi)(qi)寒(han)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),肾(shen)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia),於(wu)藏值(zhi)冬(dong),故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)寒(han)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)膈(ge)下(xia)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藏寒(han)热(re)(re)(re)等,据(ju)《月(yue)令(ling)》成(cheng)文而(er)(er)说。及其(qi)医方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术,心属(shu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),肝(gan)属(shu)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),肺(fei)属(shu)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),脾(pi)属(shu)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),肾(shen)属(shu)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),此(ci)(ci)(ci)并(bing)据(ju)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),不(bu)据(ju)气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)热(re)(re)(re)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng),言(yan)(yan)(yan)语宫(gong)商角(jiao)徵羽也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宫(gong)数八十(shi)(shi)一配(pei)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)土(tu),商数七十(shi)(shi)二配(pei)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)金角(jiao),数六十(shi)(shi)四配(pei)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)木,徵数五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)四配(pei)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火,羽数四十(shi)(shi)八配(pei)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)数多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)声(sheng)(sheng)浊(zhuo),数少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)声(sheng)(sheng)清,人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)语似之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)言(yan)(yan)(yan)语宫(gong)商角(jiao)徵羽也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)(se),面(mian)貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青(qing)赤黄白黑(hei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),东方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)木色(se)(se)(se),青(qing)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火色(se)(se)(se)赤,中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)土(tu)色(se)(se)(se)黄,西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)金色(se)(se)(se)白,北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)色(se)(se)(se)黑(hei),病(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)面(mian)色(se)(se)(se)似之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“察(cha)其(qi)盈(ying)虚休(xiu)王,吉凶可(ke)知(zhi)月(yue)令(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),假(jia)令(ling)冬(dong)时面(mian)色(se)(se)(se)黑(hei),其(qi)气(qi)(qi)寒(han),声(sheng)(sheng)应羽,此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)盈(ying)而(er)(er)王,吉可(ke)知(zhi)。若(ruo)冬(dong)时其(qi)色(se)(se)(se)黄,其(qi)气(qi)(qi)热(re)(re)(re),声(sheng)(sheng)应宫(gong),此(ci)(ci)(ci)得(de)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)土(tu)来克己,此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)虚而(er)(er)休(xiu),凶可(ke)知(zhi)。若(ruo)得(de)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)青(qing)色(se)(se)(se)等,则(ze)子(zi)来助己,亦(yi)吉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“审用此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),莫若(ruo)扁鹊(que)、仓公”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《汉(han)书·艺文志》,大古有岐伯、揄附,中(zhong)世有扁鹊(que)、秦和(he),汉(han)有仓公。若(ruo)然,扁鹊(que)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)周(zhou)时,仓公在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)汉(han)世,此(ci)(ci)(ci)二人知(zhi)气(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
两之以九窍之变,参之以九藏之动。(两参之者,以观其死生之验。窍之变,谓开闭非常。阳窍七,阴窍二。藏之动,谓脉至与不至。正藏五,又有胃、旁胱、大肠、小肠。脉之大候,要在阳明、寸口,能专是者,其唯秦和乎。岐伯、揄付则兼彼数术者。
○窍,音苦吊反(fan)。秦和,《左传》昭元年:“晋平公疾,秦伯(bo)(bo)使(shi)医(yi)和为之(zhi)”,即(ji)此人也。岐伯(bo)(bo),其(qi)宜反(fan)。揄,羊(yang)朱(zhu)反(fan),本亦作俞。付,刘音附,徐音。岐伯(bo)(bo)、揄付皆黄帝时医(yi)人。)
[疏]“两之”至“之动”
○释曰:上经观其气色,此炯溟其脉候,故以参两言之。
○注“两参”至“术者”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“参两之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),观其死生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验”者(zhe)(zhe),言两者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)九窍(qiao)(qiao)与(yu)所(suo)氐为两,两与(yu)九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)为参。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“窍(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变谓(wei)(wei)开(kai)闭非(fei)常(chang)”者(zhe)(zhe),九窍(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)开(kai)是(shi)其常(chang),或开(kai)或闭即是(shi)非(fei)常(chang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)开(kai)闭非(fei)常(chang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳(yang)窍(qiao)(qiao)七”者(zhe)(zhe),在头露见,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为阳(yang)也(ye)。阴窍(qiao)(qiao)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe),在下不(bu)见,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为阴。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动谓(wei)(wei)脉(mai)(mai)至与(yu)不(bu)至”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)在内,其病难知。但诊脉(mai)(mai)至与(yu)不(bu)至,即知九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动谓(wei)(wei)脉(mai)(mai)至与(yu)不(bu)至也(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正藏(zang)(zang)(zang)五”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)五藏(zang)(zang)(zang)肺心肝脾(pi)肾。并气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)藏(zang)(zang)(zang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得正藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。不(bu)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)已有(you)注(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)有(you)胃、旁胱、大(da)肠(chang)(chang)、小肠(chang)(chang)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)乃六府(fu)(fu)(fu)中(zhong)取(qu)此(ci)四者(zhe)(zhe),以益五藏(zang)(zang)(zang)为九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)。六府(fu)(fu)(fu),胃、小肠(chang)(chang)、大(da)肠(chang)(chang)、旁胱、胆、三(san)焦(jiao)。以其受(shou)盛,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为府(fu)(fu)(fu)。亦有(you)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)称,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数。然六府(fu)(fu)(fu)取(qu)此(ci)四者(zhe)(zhe),案《黄帝八十一难经》,说(shuo)(shuo)胃为水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)(fu),小肠(chang)(chang)为受(shou)盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)(fu),大(da)肠(chang)(chang)为行道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)(fu),旁胱为津滴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)(fu)。气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)生(sheng),下气(qi)(qi)象(xiang)天故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)写(xie)而不(bu)实,实不(bu)满。若然,此(ci)则正府(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)入九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)。其馀,胆者(zhe)(zhe)清净(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)(fu)(fu),三(san)焦(jiao)为孤府(fu)(fu)(fu),非(fei)正府(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)入九藏(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“脉(mai)(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候要(yao)在阳(yang)明、寸(cun)(cun)(cun)口(kou)”者(zhe)(zhe),但医(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)诊脉(mai)(mai),诸脉(mai)(mai)皆可据。若脉(mai)(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)候,取(qu)其要(yao)者(zhe)(zhe),在於阳(yang)明、寸(cun)(cun)(cun)口(kou)二(er)处(chu)而已。阳(yang)明者(zhe)(zhe),在大(da)拇指(zhi)本骨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高处(chu),与(yu)第(di)二(er)指(zhi)间。寸(cun)(cun)(cun)口(kou)者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)拇指(zhi)本高骨後一寸(cun)(cun)(cun)是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“能(neng)专是(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),其唯秦和(he)乎”者(zhe)(zhe),秦和(he)在中(zhong)世,如前说(shuo)(shuo)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岐伯、榆付则兼(jian)(jian)彼数术”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)二(er)人(ren)在大(da)古(gu),如前说(shuo)(shuo)。但上(shang)神农、子(zi)仪、扁(bian)鹊、仓公、秦和(he)等,各专一能(neng),此(ci)二(er)人(ren)兼(jian)(jian)上(shang)数术之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。
凡民之有疾病者,分而治之。死终,则各书其所以,而入于医师。(少者曰死,老者曰终。所以,谓治之不愈之状也。医师得以制其禄,且为後治之戒。
○少,诗照反。)
[疏]“凡民”至“医师”
○释曰(yue):以疾医中士(shi)二(er)人(ren),医各(ge)有(you)(you)能,故使分治(zhi)之(zhi)也。云(yun)“死(si)(si)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者,谓(wei)民之(zhi)有(you)(you)病,不(bu)问老少皆治(zhi)之(zhi)。不(bu)愈(yu),少死(si)(si)则曰(yue)死(si)(si),似不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)寿终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)然(ran)。少曰(yue)死(si)(si),老者则曰(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),谓(wei)虽治(zhi)不(bu)愈(yu),似得(de)(de)(de)寿终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故曰(yue)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也。云(yun)“则各(ge)书其(qi)所以”者,谓(wei)书录其(qi)不(bu)愈(yu)之(zhi)状(zhuang)。云(yun)“而入于(yu)医师(shi)”者,医师(shi)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)以制(zhi)其(qi)禄,则上(shang)(shang)“十(shi)全为上(shang)(shang)”已(yi)下是也。
疡医掌肿疡、溃疡、金疡、折疡之祝药刂杀之齐。(肿疡,痈而上生创者。溃疡,痈而含脓血者。金疡,刃创也。折疡,跌者。祝当为注,读如注病之注,声之误也。注谓附著药。刮,刮去脓血。杀谓以药食其恶肉。
○折(zhe),刘(liu)本(ben)作[A099],同时设(she)反(fan)。祝,之树反(fan),出注。刂,音刮,徐工滑(hua)反(fan)。齐(qi),才(cai)细反(fan)。创,初良反(fan)。,於阮反(fan),徐乌卧(wo)反(fan)。跌,待结反(fan),徐徒纥反(fan),刘(liu)徒没反(fan)。著,音猪略(lve)反(fan)。去,羌吕反(fan)。)
[疏]“疡医”至“之齐”
○释曰:疡医掌肿疡已下四种之疡疮而含脓血者。祝,注也。注药於疮,乃後刮杀。而言齐者,亦有齐量之宜也。
○注“肿疡”至“恶肉”
○释曰:“肿(zhong)疡,痈而上生疮”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)痈而有头(tou)未溃者(zhe)(zhe)。溃疡,而含脓血(xue)已溃破者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)“祝当为注(zhu)读”者(zhe)(zhe),疾医非主祝说之官,为祝,则(ze)义无(wu)所取(qu),故破从注(zhu)。注(zhu),谓(wei)注(zhu)药於(wu)中(zhong),食去脓血(xue)耳。
凡疗疡,以五毒攻之,(止病曰疗。攻,治也。五毒,五药之有毒者。今医方有五毒之药,作之,合黄[B138],置石胆、丹砂、雄黄、石、慈石其中。烧之三日三夜,其烟上著,以鸡羽扫取之。以注创,恶肉破,骨则尽出。
○,本又作(zuo)蝥,刘音武,又音无(wu),徐(xu)音毋,又音务,沈武侯(hou)反(fan)。,音豫(yu)。著,以(yi)直略反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡疗”至“攻之”
○释曰:言“凡”,则兼上四疡,故云“凡疗疡以五毒攻治之”也。
○注“止病”至“尽出”
○释曰:言(yan)“止(zhi)病曰疗(liao)”者(zhe),治(zhi)病之(zhi)名(ming),言(yan)治(zhi)之(zhi)则(ze)(ze)病止(zhi),故云止(zhi)病曰疗(liao)也(ye)。言(yan)“合黄[B138]”者(zhe),谓《内则(ze)(ze)》有“敦[B138]卮”郑注(zhu)云“敦[B138],黍稷器”,不(bu)言(yan)黄。此(ci)言(yan)黄者(zhe),见今时(shi)合和丹药者(zhe)皆用(yong)黄瓦为(wei)之(zhi),亦名(ming)黄[B138],事出於古也(ye)。
以五气养之,以五药疗之,以五味节之。(既刮杀而攻尽其宿肉,乃养之也。五气当为“五”,字之误也。节,节成其药之力。
○五气,气音(yin),出(chu)注。)
[疏]“以五”至“节之”
○释曰:云“以五养之”者,亦当据病所宜,释善而用之,故云以五养之。云“以五药疗之”者,义如前注。“以五味节之”者,五味,亦酸苦辛咸甘,亦当据病所宜食之,以节成药力者也。
○注“既刮”至“之力”
○释曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)“既刮杀而(er)攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)尽其(qi)宿(su)肉,乃养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)经五(wu)(wu)(wu)药在(zai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),恐人以(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi),乃用(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)药疗之(zhi)(zhi),故郑(zheng)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。若然,此五(wu)(wu)(wu)药在(zai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)上已言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)毒攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),用(yong)此五(wu)(wu)(wu)养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi),则此五(wu)(wu)(wu)为前五(wu)(wu)(wu)毒攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),乃後(hou)用(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi),於理为顺。此文(wen)重言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)药者(zhe)(zhe),为下(xia)(xia)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味节(jie)成(cheng)此药,故须更(geng)言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)也。云(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)气当为五(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)气非养(yang)人之(zhi)(zhi)物,又疾医之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)味、五(wu)(wu)(wu)药、五(wu)(wu)(wu)相将(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)物,故破气从也。云(yun)“节(jie),节(jie)成(cheng)其(qi)药之(zhi)(zhi)力”者(zhe)(zhe),即下(xia)(xia)文(wen)“以(yi)(yi)酸养(yang)骨(gu)”之(zhi)(zhi)类是也。
凡药,以(yi)酸养(yang)(yang)骨,以(yi)辛(xin)(xin)养(yang)(yang)筋,以(yi)咸养(yang)(yang)脉(mai),以(yi)苦(ku)养(yang)(yang)气(qi),以(yi)甘养(yang)(yang)肉(rou),以(yi)滑(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)窍(qiao)。(以(yi)类相(xiang)养(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。酸,木味(wei)(wei),木根立地中,似(si)(si)骨。辛(xin)(xin),金味(wei)(wei),金之缠合异物,似(si)(si)筋。咸,水(shui)(shui)味(wei)(wei),水(shui)(shui)之流行地中,似(si)(si)脉(mai)。苦(ku),火(huo)味(wei)(wei),火(huo)出入无形(xing),似(si)(si)气(qi)。甘,土味(wei)(wei),土含(han)载四(si)者(zhe),似(si)(si)肉(rou)。滑(hua)(hua),滑(hua)(hua)石也(ye)(ye)。凡诸(zhu)滑(hua)(hua)物,通(tong)利(li)往(wang)来,似(si)(si)窍(qiao)。)
[疏]“凡药”至“养窍”
○释曰:上云以“五味节之”,此即经酸苦之等是也。今云凡药,以酸养骨,药味合言者,欲见五味节成五药,故上注云节成药力,故合言之。
○注“以类”至“似窍”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类相(xiang)养(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓若(ruo)酸(suan)与骨(gu)(gu)、辛(xin)与筋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)等是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“酸(suan),木味(wei)”之(zhi)等,并依《洪范》及(ji)《月令》为(wei)说也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“木立地(di)中(zhong),似(si)骨(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓似(si)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)立肉(rou)中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酸(suan)养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“辛(xin),金(jin)味(wei),金(jin)之(zhi)缠合异物,似(si)筋(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)亦缠合诸骨(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si)筋(jin)(jin),而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辛(xin)养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“咸(xian),水(shui)味(wei),水(shui)之(zhi)流行地(di)中(zhong),似(si)脉(mai)”者(zhe)(zhe),血脉(mai)在人(ren)(ren),亦流行不(bu)(bu)(bu)定,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si)脉(mai),而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咸(xian)养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“苦,火味(wei),火出入无(wu)形(xing)(xing),似(si)气(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),火乃人(ren)(ren)所睹见,似(si)若(ruo)有(you)形(xing)(xing),榄之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de),亦是(shi)无(wu)形(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si)气(qi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苦养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“甘(gan),土味(wei),土含(han)载(zai)四者(zhe)(zhe),似(si)肉(rou)”者(zhe)(zhe),金(jin)木水(shui)火,非土不(bu)(bu)(bu)载(zai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)含(han)载(zai)四者(zhe)(zhe)。似(si)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)肉(rou),亦含(han)载(zai)筋(jin)(jin)骨(gu)(gu)气(qi)脉(mai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si)肉(rou)也(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甘(gan)养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)味(wei)酸(suan)苦辛(xin)咸(xian)甘(gan),养(yang)(yang)骨(gu)(gu)筋(jin)(jin)气(qi)脉(mai)与肉(rou),相(xiang)配讫。前《食(shi)(shi)医》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“调(diao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)甘(gan)”。平(ping)常(chang)调(diao)食(shi)(shi),五(wu)味(wei)之(zhi)外有(you)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),彼(bi)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)用堇榆(yu)。今此(ci)养(yang)(yang)病,五(wu)味(wei)之(zhi)外亦宜有(you)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),但於药分之(zhi)中(zhong)慎(shen)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),则不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)如(ru)平(ping)常(chang)用堇等,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石解之(zhi)。凡诸滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物,通利往来似(si)窍(qiao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,此(ci)经(jing)五(wu)味(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)成为(wei)次,而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木金(jin)与火水(shui)相(xiang)对(dui)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)若(ruo)《洪范》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木曰曲(qu)直、金(jin)曰从革、火曰炎上、水(shui)曰润下,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类相(xiang)对(dui)而言也(ye)(ye)。
凡有疡者,受其(qi)药焉。
[疏]“凡有”至“药焉”
○释曰:药(yao)即上五药(yao)是也。凡国中有(you)疡(yang),不须身来者(zhe),并於疡(yang)医取药(yao)焉。
兽医掌疗兽病,疗兽疡。(畜兽之疾病及疡,疗同医。
○畜,许(xu)又反,下同。)
[疏]注“畜兽”至“同医”
○释曰:此(ci)医唯疗(liao)家畜(chu)(chu)(chu),不疗(liao)野兽,但畜(chu)(chu)(chu)兽义通,今以畜(chu)(chu)(chu)解兽,故畜(chu)(chu)(chu)兽连言之也。云“畜(chu)(chu)(chu)兽之疾(ji)病及疡,疗(liao)同医洪范者,以上之人,疾(ji)与疡别医;今此(ci)畜(chu)(chu)(chu),病之与疡同在一医者,重人贱畜(chu)(chu)(chu),故略同在一医也。
凡疗兽病,灌而行之以节之,以动其气,观其所发而养之。(疗畜兽必灌行之者,为其病状难知,灌以缓之,且强其气也。节,趋聚之节也。气谓脉气,既行之,乃以脉视之,以知所病。
○为(wei),于伪反(fan)(fan)。聚(ju),本(ben)亦作骤,同(tong)仕救反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡疗”至“养之”
○释曰(yue):兽必先灌之(zhi)者(zhe),郑(zheng)云(yun)为其(qi)病状难(nan)知,故先灌而知缓(huan)之(zhi)。以其(qi)瘦弱(ruo),且强其(qi)气力也。
凡疗兽疡,灌而刂之,以发其恶,然後药之,养之,食之。(亦先攻之而後养之。
○食,音嗣。)
[疏]注“亦先”至“养之”
○释曰:亦上《疡医》以五养(yang)之(zhi)养(yang)。彼注(zhu)先(xian)刮杀(sha)尽乃养(yang)之(zhi),此亦然,故(gu)云“亦先(xian)攻而後(hou)养(yang)之(zhi)”也。
凡兽之(zhi)有病者(zhe)、有疡(yang)者(zhe),使疗之(zhi),死则计(ji)其(qi)数,以进退之(zhi)。
[疏]“凡兽”至“退之”
○释曰(yue):上(shang)《医师》云(yun)十全为(wei)上(shang)者,唯据(ju)(ju)(ju)疾医与(yu)疡医,不据(ju)(ju)(ju)兽医,故此云(yun)计其(qi)数而进退之。进退,亦谓据(ju)(ju)(ju)功过进退其(qi)禄也。
酒正掌酒之政令,以式法授酒材。(式法,作酒之法式。作酒既有米麴之数,又有功沽之巧。《月令》曰:“乃命大酋,秫稻必齐,麴蘖必时,湛饣喜必洁,水泉必香,陶器必良,火齐必得。”郑司农云:“授酒人以其材。”
○沽,音(yin)古。酋(qiu),将由反(fan)(fan),下同。秫(shu),音(yin)述。齐,戚才细(xi)反(fan)(fan),下皆同,一读此,如(ru)字(zi)。蘖(nie),鱼列反(fan)(fan)。湛(zhan),接廉(lian)反(fan)(fan)。饣喜,音(yin)昌志反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“酒正”至“酒材”
○释曰:酒正辨四饮,则浆之政令亦掌之。今直言掌酒之政令,不言浆之政令者,但据酒之尊者而言,其实浆亦掌之。云“以式法授酒材”者,式法谓造酒法式,谓米麴多少及善恶也。酒材即米麴蘖,授与酒人,使酒人造酒。既言兼掌浆人,则浆之法式及浆材亦授之。不言者,亦举尊言也。
○注“式法”至“其材”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“作酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)既有米麴之(zhi)数”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)此为(wei)(wei)法式(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)“又有功(gong)沽之(zhi)巧”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),功(gong)沽谓(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)(shan)恶(e),善(shan)(shan)(shan)恶(e)亦是(shi)法式(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。引《月令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),十一月之(zhi)令(ling)。言乃命大(da)酋(qiu)监之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼注“酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)孰曰(yue)酋(qiu)。於《周礼》则为(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)”。案下(xia)注“昔酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),今之(zhi)酋(qiu)久(jiu)白酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”,则酋(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)久(jiu)远之(zhi)称,则是(shi)久(jiu)熟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)善(shan)(shan)(shan),故名(ming)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)官(guan)为(wei)(wei)大(da)酋(qiu)。若(ruo)然,彼注为(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren),此《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)》引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)以法式(shi)(shi)(shi)及酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)材授与酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren),使造酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),故引《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)》。云(yun)“秫稻必(bi)齐(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)使齐(qi)孰。“麴善(shan)(shan)(shan)必(bi)时”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),造之(zhi)必(bi)得(de)(de)时。“湛饣喜(xi)必(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,湛,渍。饣喜(xi),炊也(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)渍米炊酿之(zhi)时,必(bi)须净。“水泉必(bi)香(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)渍麴渍米之(zhi)水必(bi)须香(xiang)美。“陶器(qi)必(bi)良”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)瓮陶中所烧器(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)须成熟不津。云(yun)“火(huo)齐(qi)必(bi)得(de)(de)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)酿之(zhi)时,生熟必(bi)宜得(de)(de)所也(ye)。
凡为公酒者亦如之。(谓乡射饮酒以公事作酒者,亦以式法及酒材授之,使自酿之。
○酿,女亮反。)
[疏]“凡为”至“如之”
○释曰:言“凡为公酒”者,谓为公事而作酒。言“凡”,非一,谓若乡饮酒、乡射之等。言“亦如之”者,亦以式法授酒材。
○注“谓乡”至“酿之”
○释曰:言乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe),谓乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)、乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)。乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)中,有党正饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu),宾贤能(neng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)。乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)中,有州(zhou)长(zhang)春秋习射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於序,又(you)有乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)三年(nian)宾贤能(neng)後(hou),以五物询众庶(shu),用州(zhou)长(zhang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li),并是乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)。若然,州(zhou)长(zhang)、党正饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)而谓之(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe),或(huo)是乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)所居州(zhou)党,或(huo)是乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)亲(qin)来(lai)临礼(li),并得(de)(de)乡(xiang)(xiang)名,故谓之(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)。此数事者(zhe),皆为国(guo)行礼(li),不可(ke)横(heng)敛於民,故得(de)(de)公(gong)酒(jiu)(jiu)。其百家为族(zu),不得(de)(de)公(gong)酒(jiu)(jiu),族(zu)祭步神之(zhi)时,合钱饮(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)。
辨五齐之名,一曰泛齐,二曰醴齐,三曰盎齐,四曰缇齐,五曰沈齐。(泛者,成而滓浮泛泛然,如今宜成醪矣。醴犹体也,成而汁滓相将,如今恬酒矣。盎犹翁也,成而翁翁然,葱白色,如今ガ白矣。缇者,成而红赤,如今下酒矣。沈者,成而滓沈,如今造清矣。自醴以上尤浊,缩酌者。盎以下差清。其象类则然,古之法式未可尽闻。杜子春读齐皆为粢。又《礼器》曰:“缇酒之用,玄酒之尚。”玄谓齐者,每有祭祀,以度量节作之。
○泛(fan),芳剑(jian)反。盎,乌浪反。缇,音(yin)体。醪,鲁刀反。翁(weng),呜动(dong)反,下同,一音(yin)於(wu)勇反。ガ白,即今之白差(cha)酒也,宜作差(cha),作ガ,假借也,在何反。差(cha),初卖反。)
[疏]“辨五”至“沈齐”
○释曰:言“辨五齐之名”者,酒正不自造酒,使酒人为之,酒正直辨五齐之名,知其清浊而已。云“一曰泛齐”者,泛读如“泛泛扬舟”之泛。言泛者,谓此齐孰时,滓浮在上,泛泛然。“二曰醴齐”者,醴,体也。此齐孰时,上下一体,汁滓相将,故名醴齐。又此醴齐作时,恬於馀齐,与酒味稍殊,故亦入於六饮。“三曰盎齐”已下,其类可知。
○注“泛者”至“作之”
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)(yan)“泛(fan)(fan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)而滓(zi)浮(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)言(yan)(yan)成(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)孰(shu)(shu)曰成(cheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng)醪(lao)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng),说以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)名(ming),故(gu)曹(cao)植(zhi)《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赋》曰:“宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng)醴(li)(li)(li)醪(lao),苍梧缥(piao)清(qing)。”若马融所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng),会稽稻米(mi),清(qing)似宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)名(ming)。故(gu)刘杳《要雅(ya)》亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)名(ming)。二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)(wei)知孰(shu)(shu)是(shi)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)宜(yi)(yi)成(cheng)醪(lao)矣,亦(yi)(yi)未(wei)(wei)知郑(zheng)(zheng)意(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)名(ming)地(di)(di)名(ming)。类下(xia)ガ白,则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)名(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)恬(tian)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但於五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恬(tian),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)恬(tian)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)况之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)ガ白矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉(han)时(shi)萧何所(suo)封南阳地(di)(di)名(ming)ガ。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)下(xia)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)谓(wei)糟床下(xia)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)色(se)红赤,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)缇(ti)名(ming)之(zhi)。案郑(zheng)(zheng)下(xia)注“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)缇(ti)衣”,亦(yi)(yi)赤黑色(se)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“如(ru)今(jin)(jin)(jin)造(zao)清(qing)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉(han)时(shi)造(zao)清(qing),孰(shu)(shu)则(ze)滓(zi)沈,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)况沈齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)醴(li)(li)(li)已上(shang)尤(you)浊(zhuo),缩酌者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,言(yan)(yan)自(zi)醴(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),唯(wei)有(you)泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。泛(fan)(fan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)滓(zi)浮(fu),则(ze)浊(zhuo)于醴(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)汁滓(zi)相将者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)茅之(zhi),故(gu)《司(si)尊彝(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“醴(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缩酌”,《郊(jiao)特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“缩酌用(yong)茅,明酌也(ye)(ye)”,谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)事酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)上(shang)清(qing)明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)和醴(li)(li)(li)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)茅之(zhi),使可(ke)(ke)酌。郑(zheng)(zheng)彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)泛(fan)(fan)从(cong)醴(li)(li)(li),是(shi)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)缩酌,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)自(zi)醴(li)(li)(li)已上(shang)尤(you)浊(zhuo)缩酌也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“盎以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)差清(qing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《司(si)尊彝(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“盎齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氵(shui)兑(dui)酌”。郑(zheng)(zheng)注:“氵(shui)兑(dui),清(qing)也(ye)(ye)。”谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)清(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi),则(ze)不用(yong)茅,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)盎已清(qing)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)彼(bi)注又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“泛(fan)(fan)从(cong)醴(li)(li)(li),缇(ti)沈从(cong)盎”,则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)用(yong)清(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)象类则(ze)然(ran)(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)举汉(han)法(fa)(fa)况之(zhi),是(shi)其(qi)(qi)象类则(ze)然(ran)(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“古之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)式未(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)尽(jin)闻(wen)(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虽举汉(han)法(fa)(fa),汉(han)承周後,多得古之(zhi)法(fa)(fa),只(zhi)可(ke)(ke)略闻(wen)(wen),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)未(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)尽(jin)闻(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。“杜子(zi)春读齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粢(zi)(zi)(zi)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《礼(li)器》曰缇(ti)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)用(yong),玄酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)尚”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)春意(yi),见《礼(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“粢(zi)(zi)(zi)醍(ti)在(zai)堂”,又(you)见《礼(li)器》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“醴(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)用(yong)”,又(you)粢(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)醍(ti)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),则(ze)其(qi)(qi)馀四(si)(si)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)粢(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi),故(gu)读齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粢(zi)(zi)(zi)。“玄谓(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),每有(you)祭(ji)祀,以(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)量节作之(zhi)”,谓(wei)祭(ji)有(you)大小,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)多少,谓(wei)若祭(ji)备五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),祭(ji)备四(si)(si)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),时(shi)祭(ji)备二齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)量节作之(zhi)。不从(cong)子(zi)春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粢(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)运》唯(wei)有(you)醍(ti)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)称(cheng)粢(zi)(zi)(zi),於此五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)称(cheng)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),子(zi)春破五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)从(cong)一粢(zi)(zi)(zi),於义(yi)(yi)不可(ke)(ke),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)於《礼(li)运》注“粢(zi)(zi)(zi)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,破一粢(zi)(zi)(zi)从(cong)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),於义(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)。此五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)与(yu)下(xia)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)及春官鬯人(ren)所(suo)造(zao)鬯酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)俱用(yong)秫(shu)稻麴蘖(nie),又(you)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)味(wei)厚,人(ren)所(suo)饮(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye),五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)薄,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)经(jing)郑(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)祀必用(yong)五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),至敬不尚味(wei)而贵(gui)多品(pin)。”五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)对三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)异;通而言(yan)(yan)之(zhi),五(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)曰酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)《礼(li)·坊记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“醴(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)室,醍(ti)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)堂”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)鬯酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自(zi)用(yong)黑黍(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi),与(yu)此别也(ye)(ye)。
辨三酒之物,一曰事酒,二曰昔酒,三曰清酒。(郑司农云:“事酒,有事而饮也。昔酒,无事而饮也。清酒,祭祀之酒。”玄谓事酒,酌有事者之酒,其酒则今之酒也。昔酒,今之酋久白酒,所谓旧者也。清酒,今中山冬酿,接夏而成。
○,音亦(yi),徐音昔(xi)。)
[疏]“辨三酒”至“清酒”
○释曰:辨者,豫先之名。物者,财也。以三酒所成有时,故豫给财,令作之也。言“一曰事酒”者,此三酒并人所饮,故下云共王四饮三酒也。但事酒酌有事人饮之,故以事上名酒也。二曰昔酒者,久酿乃熟,故以昔酒为名。酌无事之人饮之。三曰清酒者,此酒更久於昔,故以清为号。祭祀用之。此昔酒、清酒,皆以酒上为名也。
○注“郑司”至“而成”
○释曰:先郑云(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)而(er)饮(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)於(wu)(wu)祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,乃(nai)至(zhi)卑(bei)贱执(zhi)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,祭末(mo)(mo)并(bing)得饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),无事(shi)(shi)而(er)饮(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦於(wu)(wu)祭末(mo)(mo),群臣(chen)陪位不得行事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)得饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦於(wu)(wu)祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,宾(bin)长献(xian)尸,尸酢宾(bin)长,不敢与(yu)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神共(gong)器尊(zun),同酌(zhuo)齐,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)酌(zhuo)清(qing)(qing)以(yi)自酢,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《司尊(zun)彝》云(yun)“皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you),诸臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所酢”。此三(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),皆(jie)盛於(wu)(wu)尊(zun)在(zai)堂(tang)下。但此清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)受尸酢,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)祭祀(si)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),酌(zhuo)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe),先郑云(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)而(er)饮(yin)”,据(ju)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)时饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。後郑云(yun)“酌(zhuo)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”,谓(wei)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,但是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,虽不当祭时,亦酌(zhuo)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)就足先郑义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)则今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe),事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),冬(dong)酿春成,以(yi)汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)况(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酋久(jiu)白(bai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe),言“昔(xi)(xi)为久(jiu),酋亦远久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酋久(jiu)白(bai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)况(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)对事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为清(qing)(qing),若对清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)则为白(bai),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)酋久(jiu)白(bai)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《晋语》云(yun)“味厚实昔(xi)(xi)毒(du)”,酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)久(jiu)则毒(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“所谓(wei)旧”者(zhe)(zhe),案《礼记·郊特(te)牲》云(yun)“犹(you)明(ming)清(qing)(qing)与(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)于旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。彼(bi)上注(zhu)云(yun)“明(ming)酌(zhuo)者(zhe)(zhe),事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)盎齐,于旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。三(san)(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)除事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),则云(yun)旧,是(shi)昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。对事(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为新,昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为旧,清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不得名。云(yun)“清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)今(jin)中山(shan)冬(dong)酿,接夏而(er)成”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为久(jiu),冬(dong)酿接春,明(ming)此清(qing)(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)久(jiu)於(wu)(wu)昔(xi)(xi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),自然接夏也(ye)(ye)(ye)。中山(shan),郡名,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《魏都(dou)赋》云(yun):“醇酎中山(shan),洗湎千日。”
辨四饮之物,一曰清,二曰医,三曰浆,四曰酏。(清,谓醴之者。医,《内则》所谓或以酏为醴。凡醴浊,酿酏为之,则少清矣。医之字,从从酉省也。浆,今之浆也。酏,今之粥。《内则》有黍酏。酏饮,粥稀者之清也。郑司农说以《内则》曰“饮重醴,稻醴清{艹酒},黍醴清{艹酒},梁醴清{艹酒},或以酏为醴,浆、水、臆”。后致饮于宾客之礼,有医酏糟。糟音声与{艹酒}相似,医与臆亦相似,文字不同,记之者各异耳,此皆一物。
○医(yi),於(wu)已反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。徐(xu)於(wu)计反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),注同(tong)。酏,以支反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。子(zi)(zi)礼(li)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。,乌(wu)兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)为例(li)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),本或(huo)作(zuo){巫}。省,所景反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,昨再反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。粥,之六反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),刘(liu)音育。稀(xi),音希。{艹酒},音糟,下同(tong),沈子(zi)(zi)由反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。臆,本又作(zuo)意,於(wu)纪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)於(wu)力反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“辨四”至“曰酏”
○释曰:案《浆人》有六饮,此言四者,以《浆人》注“酒正不辨水凉者,无厚薄之齐”,故此唯辨四饮之物也。云“一曰清”,则《浆人》云“醴,清也”。“二曰医”者,谓酿粥为醴则为医。“三曰浆”者,今之浆。“四曰酏”者,即今薄粥也。
○注“清谓”至“一物”
○释曰(yue):言“清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),谓醴(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)郑据《浆(jiang)(jiang)人》解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).《浆(jiang)(jiang)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)醴(li)(li),此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)谓醴(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“医(yi),《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》所谓或(huo)以(yi)(yi)酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li)”者(zhe),按《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》,上言饮,下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重醴(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟,又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)或(huo)以(yi)(yi)酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li),彼(bi)酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li),在(zai)饮中,而(er)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟下(xia),此(ci)(ci)医(yi)又(you)在(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)下(xia),故(gu)(gu)知酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li),当此(ci)(ci)医(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡醴(li)(li)浊,酿酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)少清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)矣”者(zhe),谓经(jing)中医(yi)酿粥(zhou)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)(yu)(yu)醴(li)(li)少异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“医(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字,从(cong)(cong)从(cong)(cong)酉(you)省(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),从(cong)(cong)省(sheng)者(zhe)去羽,从(cong)(cong)酉(you)省(sheng)者(zhe)去水(shui),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)从(cong)(cong)从(cong)(cong)酉(you)省(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“浆(jiang)(jiang),今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浆(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)浆(jiang)(jiang)亦(yi)是酒(jiu)类,故(gu)(gu)其字亦(yi)从(cong)(cong)载从(cong)(cong)酉(you)省(sheng)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言载,米汁(zhi)相(xiang)载,汉(han)时名为(wei)(wei)浆(jiang)(jiang),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浆(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“酏(yi)(yi),今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粥(zhou)。《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》有(you)黍酏(yi)(yi)。酏(yi)(yi)饮,粥(zhou)稀(xi)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》,黍酏(yi)(yi)在(zai)饮中,故(gu)(gu)知此(ci)(ci)酏(yi)(yi)当《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》黍酏(yi)(yi)。以(yi)(yi)其为(wei)(wei)饮,故(gu)(gu)知粥(zhou)稀(xi)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑司农说以(yi)(yi)《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》曰(yue)“饮重醴(li)(li),稻醴(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)”至“或(huo)以(yi)(yi)酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li)”,总当此(ci)(ci)经(jing)一(yi)曰(yue)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)浆(jiang)(jiang)当此(ci)(ci)经(jing)中浆(jiang)(jiang),水(shui)於此(ci)(ci)经(jing)无所当,连引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。意(yi)(yi)当此(ci)(ci)经(jing)中医(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“后致饮于宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,有(you)医(yi)酏(yi)(yi)糟”,此(ci)(ci)引(yin)下(xia)文,欲取“糟”与(yu)(yu)(yu)《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》“{艹(cao)酒(jiu)}”一(yi)物(wu)(wu),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)糟音(yin)声与(yu)(yu)(yu){艹(cao)酒(jiu)}相(xiang)似(si)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“医(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)意(yi)(yi)亦(yi)相(xiang)似(si)”者(zhe),与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)经(jing)医(yi)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文字不(bu)同,记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)各异耳,此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)”者(zhe),《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“{艹(cao)酒(jiu)}”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“糟”,《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“意(yi)(yi)”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“医(yi)”,是其文字不(bu)同,皆(jie)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重醴(li)(li)者(zhe),清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟并(bing)设(she),则(ze)(ze)稻醴(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟、黍醴(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟、粱醴(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)糟,是其重醴(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。向者(zhe)後郑解或(huo)以(yi)(yi)酏(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)医(yi),今(jin)先郑以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)醴(li)(li),共重醴(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)物(wu)(wu)。又(you)後郑於《内(nei)则(ze)(ze)》注意(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)梅浆(jiang)(jiang),亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)先郑不(bu)同,以(yi)(yi)无正文,故(gu)(gu)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)下(xia),亦(yi)得(de)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)义(yi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
掌其(qi)厚薄之(zhi)齐(qi),以共王之(zhi)四(si)饮(yin)三酒之(zhi)馔,及后(hou)、世(shi)(shi)子之(zhi)饮(yin)与其(qi)酒。(后(hou)、世(shi)(shi)子不言馔,其(qi)馈食(shi)不必具设之(zhi)。五齐(qi)正用醴为饮(yin)者,取(qu)醴恬与酒味异也。其(qi)馀四(si)齐(qi),味皆(jie)似酒。)
[疏]“掌其”至“其酒”
○释曰:言“掌其厚薄之齐”者,从五齐已下,非酒正所造,并是酒人、浆人所作,故云直辨其厚薄之齐。云“以供王之四饮、三酒之馔”者,谓馔陈具设之也。云“及后、世子之饮与其酒”者,不言四饮、三酒,直言饮与酒,复不言馔,郑云“不必具设之”,是以不言馔与数也。
○注“后世”至“似酒”
○释曰:云“五齐(qi)(qi)正用(yong)醴(li)(li)(li)为饮(yin)者(zhe),取(qu)醴(li)(li)(li)恬(tian)与(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)味异也(ye)”者(zhe),郑(zheng)意五齐(qi)(qi)之(zhi)中不用(yong)馀四齐(qi)(qi),以其(qi)醴(li)(li)(li)恬(tian),故(gu)取(qu)入(ru)六饮(yin)。“其(qi)馀四齐(qi)(qi)味皆似酒(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe),三酒(jiu)(jiu)味厚,五齐(qi)(qi)味薄,故(gu)言似酒(jiu)(jiu)。醴(li)(li)(li)恬(tian),全与(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)味别也(ye)。
凡祭祀,以法共五齐三酒,以实八尊。大祭三贰,中祭再贰,小祭壹贰,皆有酌数。唯齐酒不贰,皆有器量。(酌器,所用注尊中者,数量之多少未闻。郑司农云:“三贰,三益副之也。大祭天地,中祭宗庙,小祭五祀。齐酒不贰,为尊者质,不敢副益也。”杜子春云:“齐酒不贰,谓五齐以祭不益也。其三酒,人所饮者,益也。《弟子职》曰:‘周旋而贰,唯兼之视。’”玄谓大祭者,王服大裘、衮冕所祭也。中祭者,王服冕、毳冕所祭也。小祭者,王服希冕、玄冕所祭也。三贰、再贰、一贰者,谓就三酒之尊而益之也。《礼运》曰:“玄酒在室,醴在户,粢醍在堂,澄酒在下。”澄酒是三酒也。益之者,以饮诸臣,若今常满尊也。祭祀必用五齐者,至敬不尚味,而贵多品。
○贰,徐(xu)音二,下同。为,于伪反(fan)(fan)(fan)。兼,苦簟反(fan)(fan)(fan)。衮,古(gu)本(ben)(ben)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,必列反(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)、刘方利反(fan)(fan)(fan)。毳(cui),充芮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。希,本(ben)(ben)又作,同张里反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,侧产反(fan)(fan)(fan)。粢,才许反(fan)(fan)(fan)。醍(ti),音体,本(ben)(ben)亦作缇。饮,於(wu)鸩反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“器量”
○释曰:言“凡祭祀”者,谓天地及宗庙祭,总目之言。云“以法共五齐三酒”者,但祭有小大,齐有多少,各有常法,故云以法共五齐三酒。云“以实八尊”者,五齐五尊,三酒三尊,故云以实八尊。此除明水、玄酒,若五齐加明水,三酒加玄酒,此八尊为十六尊。不言之者,举其正尊而言也。云“大祭三贰”者,大祭谓王服大裘、衮冕所祭者也。三贰者,贰,副也。就三酒人所饮者,三度副益之。云“中祭再贰”者,中祭谓王服冕、毳冕所祭者也。再贰亦谓就三酒之中再度益之。云“小祭壹贰”者,小祭谓王服希冕、玄冕所祭者也。云“皆有酌数”者,谓三酒之祭,副益等尊,皆有酌器,盛酒益尊,故言皆酌。云数者,谓多少之数。有“□齐酒不贰”者,齐酒,所祭祀,非人所饮,故不副益。云“皆有器量”者,器谓酌齐酒注於尊中,量谓皆有多少之量。
○注“酌器”至“多品”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“酌器(qi)”者,释经皆(jie)有酌器(qi)二者,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)於(wu)(wu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)中(zhong)(zhong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“数量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)少未(wei)闻”者,数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)量,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),但未(wei)闻升数耳。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)贰三(san)益(yi)副(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,皆(jie)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)於(wu)(wu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)中(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)副(fu),子(zi)春(chun)、後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)”等者,先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意,天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),宗(zong)庙(miao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。其实天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)自有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),宗(zong)庙(miao)亦(yi)有次小(xiao)(xiao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)贰,为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)者质,不(bu)敢(gan)副(fu)益(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)其主(zhu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)尸,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用少,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)副(fu)益(yi)。杜子(zi)春(chun)引《弟(di)(di)子(zi)职》者,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《管子(zi)》书《弟(di)(di)子(zi)职》篇,谓(wei)(wei)弟(di)(di)子(zi)□□□饮(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,弟(di)(di)子(zi)用注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)周旋而(er)(er)贰者,欲(yu)副(fu)益(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,兼谓(wei)(wei)不(bu)满(man),唯酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)不(bu)满(man)者,视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更益(yi)。“玄(xuan)(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者,王(wang)(wang)服(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu)衮(gun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至“玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,并据《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》六冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)有六,天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)庙(miao)各有三(san)等,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)六冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)(an)(an)《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》,王(wang)(wang)祀(si)(si)昊天(tian)上(shang)(shang)帝,则服(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu)而(er)(er)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),祀(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),祀(si)(si)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)则衮(gun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)用大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)庙(miao)皆(jie)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者,王(wang)(wang)服(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)(an)(an)《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》先(xian)(xian)公则冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),四(si)望山川(chuan)则毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)与(yu)宗(zong)庙(miao)次祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次祀(si)(si)不(bu)见(jian)衣(yi)服(fu)(fu)者,日月(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次祀(si)(si),以(yi)(yi)其大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)报天(tian),主(zhu)日,配(pei)以(yi)(yi)月(yue),服(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu),故(gu)(gu)春(chun)分(fen)(fen)朝(chao)日,秋分(fen)(fen)夕月(yue),兼服(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),故(gu)(gu)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次祀(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)见(jian)衣(yi)服(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者,王(wang)(wang)服(fu)(fu)希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)(an)(an)《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》“社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)则希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),群小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)则玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)彼注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“山林川(chuan)泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽不(bu)言(yan)风(feng)师(shi)、雨师(shi)等,“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”中(zhong)(zhong)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。惟见(jian)天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),不(bu)见(jian)宗(zong)庙(miao)小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),马融以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)庙(miao)小(xiao)(xiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,或可亦(yi)用玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。若(ruo)然(ran),则《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)质”,谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群小(xiao)(xiao)祀(si)(si),当(dang)(dang)玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。“三(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)文”,谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si),当(dang)(dang)希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。“五(wu)(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)察(cha)”,谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)望山川(chuan),当(dang)(dang)毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。“七(qi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)神”,谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)公,当(dang)(dang)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。虽不(bu)言(yan)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian),下(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)飨,其王(wang)(wang)事与(yu)”,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)飨谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian),当(dang)(dang)衮(gun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》下(xia)(xia)(xia)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)飨不(bu)足以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旅”。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)旅当(dang)(dang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu)。据此一(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)至九(jiu)献(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)(yi)此献(xian)(xian)(xian)数约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)六服(fu)(fu)差为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)。按(an)(an)(an)《司(si)服(fu)(fu)》,山川(chuan)服(fu)(fu)毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),五(wu)(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian),社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),三(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian),社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)山川(chuan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。按(an)(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯》“以(yi)(yi)血祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)”,而(er)(er)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)上(shang)(shang)者,五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)与(yu)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)异形,若(ruo)畿外诸侯,服(fu)(fu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)则尊(zun)(zun)(zun)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣;社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)号曰(yue)土(tu)神,似若(ruo)王(wang)(wang)朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,服(fu)(fu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)则卑於(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue),而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)上(shang)(shang)者,似若(ruo)王(wang)(wang)人虽微,犹叙诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。按(an)(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)制》“宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牛(niu)角握”,《国(guo)(guo)语》“山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牛(niu)角尺”。社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)於(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)者,彼自从国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神莫贵於(wu)(wu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),故(gu)(gu)与(yu)宗(zong)庙(miao)同(tong)用握。引“《礼(li)(li)运(yun)》曰(yue)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)”者,谓(wei)(wei)郁鬯(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)即明水(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),配(pei)郁鬯(chang),故(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)。“醴(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)户(hu)”者,醴(li)谓(wei)(wei)醴(li)齐(qi)(qi),谓(wei)(wei)盎齐(qi)(qi),并在(zai)(zai)(zai)户(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“粢(zi)醍(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)”者,粢(zi)当(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi),齐(qi)(qi)醍(ti)在(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“澄(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”者,澄(cheng)(cheng)谓(wei)(wei)沈(shen)齐(qi)(qi),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)谓(wei)(wei)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),二者并在(zai)(zai)(zai)堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“澄(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,案(an)《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志》赵商问:《礼(li)(li)运(yun)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)澄(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)齐(qi)(qi),今(jin)此注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)澄(cheng)(cheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)何(he)?郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)答:“今(jin)解(jie)(jie)可去澄(cheng)(cheng)字。”若(ruo)然(ran),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)本於(wu)(wu)此注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)时,直云(yun)(yun)(yun)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),无澄(cheng)(cheng)字,有澄(cheng)(cheng)字者误(wu),当(dang)(dang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者以(yi)(yi)饮(yin)(yin)诸臣”者,言(yan)益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),解(jie)(jie)经中(zhong)(zhong)贰。案(an)《司(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)彝》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)有,诸臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)酢(zuo)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)饮(yin)(yin)诸臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)常满(man)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,言(yan)益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)常满(man),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)汉法况之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)必用五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)者,至敬不(bu)尚(shang)味,而(er)(er)贵多(duo)品”者,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)味薄(bo)於(wu)(wu)三(san)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)数多(duo),但鬼(gui)神享(xiang)德不(bu)享(xiang)味,故(gu)(gu)须至极敬而(er)(er)已(yi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)引《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)至敬不(bu)尚(shang)味而(er)(er)贵多(duo)品也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
共宾客(ke)之(zhi)礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),共后(hou)之(zhi)致(zhi)饮(yin)(yin)于宾客(ke)之(zhi)礼(li)医(yi)酏糟,皆使其(qi)士奉(feng)之(zhi)。(礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),王所致(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)也。王致(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu),后(hou)致(zhi)饮(yin)(yin),夫妇之(zhi)义。糟,医(yi)酏不(bu)(bu)者。曰清,不(bu)(bu)曰糟。后(hou)致(zhi)饮(yin)(yin),无醴医(yi)酏不(bu)(bu)清者,与王同体,屈也,亦因以少为(wei)贵。士谓(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)人、浆人、奄士。)
[疏]“共宾”至“奉之”
○释曰:云“共宾客之礼酒”者,谓王有故,不亲飨燕,传人致酒於客馆。云“共后之致饮于宾客之礼医酏糟”者,言致饮之中取二饮以致之。云医酏糟者,谓医酏不者也。云“皆使其士奉之”者,酒使酒人,浆使浆人,皆奄士,故云使其士奉之。
○注“礼酒”至“奄士”
○释曰:言(yan)“礼(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),王(wang)(wang)所致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),下《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云“宾客(ke)(ke)之陈(chen)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”。彼言(yan)陈(chen),谓若致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飨饩,列陈(chen)於(wu)客(ke)(ke)馆中(zhong)。言(yan)礼(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)陈(chen),谓飨燕(yan)之酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),王(wang)(wang)当亲飨燕(yan),王(wang)(wang)有故(gu),则使人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)就馆,以(yi)酬币致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之。云“王(wang)(wang)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),后(hou)(hou)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin),夫(fu)(fu)妇之义(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)阳,故(gu)王(wang)(wang)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之。饮(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)阴(yin),故(gu)后(hou)(hou)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之。是(shi)(shi)(shi)阴(yin)阳相(xiang)成,故(gu)云夫(fu)(fu)妇之义(yi)。云“后(hou)(hou)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin),无(wu)醴(li)(li)医(yi)(yi)酏不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)者(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)王(wang)(wang)同体,屈也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)后(hou)(hou)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin)无(wu)醴(li)(li)医(yi)(yi)酏不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)者(zhe)(zhe),对下《浆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》“共(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin)於(wu)宾客(ke)(ke)之礼(li)(li),清(qing)醴(li)(li)医(yi)(yi)酏糟,而奉之”,谓夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)卑於(wu)后(hou)(hou),致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三饮(yin)医(yi)(yi)酏糟上,加之以(yi)清(qing)醴(li)(li)。今后(hou)(hou)尊,唯(wei)有医(yi)(yi)酏二饮(yin),无(wu)清(qing)醴(li)(li)。既(ji)无(wu)清(qing)醴(li)(li),医(yi)(yi)酏当清(qing),今皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其后(hou)(hou)尊,夫(fu)(fu)妻片合,与(yu)王(wang)(wang)同体,故(gu)屈。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)卑,与(yu)王(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同体,得申,故(gu)加之以(yi)清(qing)醴(li)(li)也(ye)。云“亦因(yin)以(yi)少(shao)(shao)为(wei)贵(gui)(gui)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《礼(li)(li)器(qi)》云“有以(yi)少(shao)(shao)为(wei)贵(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子无(wu)介,祭天(tian)特牲”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)少(shao)(shao)为(wei)贵(gui)(gui)。则夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)三饮(yin),后(hou)(hou)二饮(yin),是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)以(yi)少(shao)(shao)为(wei)贵(gui)(gui)。云“士(shi)谓酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、浆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、奄士(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《序官(guan)》,酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)奄十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),浆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)奄五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)士(shi)。此(ci)经注皆士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)官(guan)首当是(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi)。但非贤,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)士(shi)。内(nei)小臣(chen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)奄而称(cheng)士(shi),郑云异其贤。
凡王之燕饮酒,共其计,酒正奉之。(共其计者,献酬多少,度当足也。故书“酒正”无酒字。郑司农云:“正奉之,酒正奉之也。”
○度,徒洛(luo)反。)
[疏]“凡王”至“奉之”
○释曰:谓(wei)王与群(qun)臣燕饮之酒。共(gong)其计者,谓(wei)计群(qun)臣多(duo)少(shao),以(yi)足为(wei)度。酒正奉之者,以(yi)其共(gong)王,故酒正自奉之。
凡飨士庶子,飨耆老孤子,皆共(gong)其酒,无酌数。(要以(yi)醉为度(du)。)
[疏]“凡飨”至“酌数”
○释曰:言“飨(xiang)士庶子(zi)”,谓(wei)(wei)若《宫伯》宿卫(wei)王(wang)宫者,士,子(zi);庶子(zi),其支(zhi)庶。云“飨(xiang)耆(qi)(qi)老孤子(zi)”者,谓(wei)(wei)《外饔(yong)》注(zhu):耆(qi)(qi)老谓(wei)(wei)国老,孤子(zi)者,谓(wei)(wei)死王(wang)事之子(zi)。王(wang)皆飨(xiang)养之,则(ze)共其酒。
掌酒之(zhi)赐颁,皆(jie)有(you)法以行之(zhi)。(法,尊卑之(zhi)差。)
[疏]“掌酒”至“行之”
○释曰:云“赐颁皆(jie)有法以行(xing)之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓以酒颁群臣也。皆(jie)有法以行(xing)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)得多,卑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)得少,多少皆(jie)有常法。言以行(xing)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓依法给之。
凡有秩酒者,以书契授之。(郑司农云:“有秩酒者,给事中予之酒。秩,常也。常受酒者,《国语》曰:至于今秩之。”玄谓所秩者,谓老臣。《王制》曰:“七十不俟朝,八十月告存,九十日有秩。”
○朝,直遥反。)
[疏]“凡有”至“授之”
○释曰:秩,常也。谓若老臣年九十已上,常与之酒。云“以书契授之已上者,谓酒正授使者酒,书之多少,以为契要而与之,故云以书契授之。
○注“郑司”至“有秩”
○释曰:郑司农云“有(you)(you)秩(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe),给事(shi)中予之(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。秩(zhi),常(chang)(chang)也。常(chang)(chang)受(shou)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)”,司农之(zhi)(zhi)意,谓在(zai)朝(chao)群臣(chen),亲近於王(wang),总名给事(shi)中,王(wang)常(chang)(chang)以酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)与之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云常(chang)(chang)受(shou)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)。又(you)引《国语》者(zhe),案(an)《楚语》云:“斗(dou)且廷(ting)见令(ling)尹(yin)子(zi)常(chang)(chang),闻子(zi)常(chang)(chang)畜货聚马,斗(dou)且廷(ting)以为(wei)非,遂陈令(ling)尹(yin)子(zi)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),云“昔斗(dou)子(zi)文(wen)三舍(she)令(ling)尹(yin),无一(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)积。成王(wang)闻子(zi)文(wen)行(xing),於是每朝(chao)设脯(fu)一(yi)束、糗一(yi)篚,以羞子(zi)文(wen)。至於今秩(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”後(hou)郑皆(jie)不从之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),给事(shi)中与之(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),不言秩(zhi),因朝(chao)而羞子(zi)文(wen),又(you)非酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)不从之(zhi)(zhi)矣。引《王(wang)制》曰“七十(shi)不俟(si)朝(chao)”者(zhe),谓不待朝(chao)事(shi)毕即(ji)去(qu)。“八十(shi)月(yue)告有(you)(you)”者(zhe),谓月(yue)月(yue)使报(bao)告老(lao)人(ren)有(you)(you)否。“九十(shi)日(ri)有(you)(you)秩(zhi)”者(zhe),谓日(ri)日(ri)有(you)(you)秩(zhi)膳,即(ji)此经(jing)秩(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是也,故(gu)引以为(wei)证。
酒正之(zhi)出(chu),日入其(qi)成,月(yue)入其(qi)要,小宰听之(zhi)。(出(chu)谓授酒材及(ji)用(yong)酒之(zhi)多少也(ye)。受用(yong)酒者,日言其(qi)计(ji)於(wu)酒正,酒正月(yue)尽言於(wu)小宰。)
[疏]“酒正”至“听之”
○释曰:言“酒正之出”者,谓授酒材与酒人,及出酒与人。云“日入其成”者,谓酒人用多少,日计所用酒,以此成入於酒正。云“月入其要”者,谓酒正得酒人日计文书,日计其月要,至月尽,以月计文书入於小宰,故云月入其要。“小宰听之”者,小宰得酒正文书,听断之,知其得失。
○注“出谓”至“小宰”
○释曰:言“出谓授(shou)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)材”者(zhe),谓授(shou)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人以其材,《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)职》首所言者(zhe)是也(ye)。“及用(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)多少”者(zhe),谓若(ruo)共五(wu)齐三酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)以下是也(ye)。云“受用(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe),日(ri)言其计於酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)”者(zhe),受用(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)谓用(yong)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)多少,是酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人也(ye)。故曰言其计於酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)也(ye)。云“酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)月尽言於小宰”者(zhe),释经月入(ru)其要。
岁(sui)终则会,唯王及后之(zhi)饮(yin)酒不会。以酒式诛(zhu)赏。(诛(zhu)赏作酒之(zhi)善恶者。)
[疏]“岁终”至“诛赏”
○释曰:直言(yan)“唯王及后不(bu)会”,不(bu)云世子,以其(qi)酒(jiu)与膳异。膳羞食之(zhi)(zhi)正,则(ze)世子亦不(bu)会。膳禽食之(zhi)(zhi)加,世子会之(zhi)(zhi),酒(jiu)亦为加,故亦会之(zhi)(zhi)。“以酒(jiu)式(shi)诛(zhu)赏(shang)”者(zhe),作(zuo)酒(jiu)有(you)旧(jiu)法式(shi),依法善者(zhe)则(ze)赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi),恶(e)者(zhe)则(ze)诛(zhu)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)。
酒人掌为五齐三酒,祭祀则共奉之,以役世妇。(世妇谓宫卿之官,掌女宫之宿戒,及祭祀,比其具。酒人共酒,因留与其奚为世妇役,亦官联。
○比(bi),戚必(bi)履反(fan),又毗志反(fan),徐扶利(li)反(fan)。)
[疏]“酒人”至“世妇”
○释曰:言“为五齐三酒”者,为犹作也。云“祭祀则共奉之”者,谓酒人共而奉之。云“以役世妇”者,属《春官》宫卿官也。酒人以奚送酒至世妇,因为世妇所役使。
○注“世妇”至“官联”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“世(shi)妇谓(wei)宫卿之官”者,所谓(wei)《春官》云(yun)(yun)“每宫卿一人”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)世(shi)妇谓(wei)宫卿之官也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“掌女宫之宿戒”者,此(ci)亦《世(shi)妇职》文。引此(ci)者,其(qi)(qi)职云(yun)(yun)“及祭(ji),比其(qi)(qi)具”,则此(ci)酒等是(shi)(shi),故(gu)送(song)酒以往(wang),为世(shi)妇所役(yi)。言(yan)“亦官联(lian)(lian)”者,即《小宰》云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)祀之联(lian)(lian)事”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
共宾客之礼酒、饮酒而奉之。(酒正使之也。礼酒,飨燕之酒。饮酒,食之酒。此谓给宾客之稍,王不亲飨燕,不亲食,而使人各以其爵,以酬币侑币致之,则从而以酒往。
○亲食,音嗣。侑(you),音又。)
[疏]“共宾”至“奉之”
○释曰:云“共宾客之礼酒饮酒”者,此二者酒正使酒人奉授宾客。
○注“酒正”至“酒往”
○释曰:知酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正》云(yun)(yun):“共宾(bin)(bin)客(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),使(shi)(shi)其(qi)士奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”士即此(ci)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)也。彼不(bu)言饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中可(ke)以(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)“礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),飨(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓飨(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)食(shi)(shi)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也。云(yun)(yun)“饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓食(shi)(shi)时(shi)有(you)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。《曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)浆处右”,则此(ci)非献酬(chou)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),是口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)谓给宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稍(shao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)礼(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),总言王(wang)(wang)若不(bu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)燕(yan)(yan)饮(yin)食(shi)(shi),则使(shi)(shi)人(ren)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於客(ke)(ke)馆,任(ren)宾(bin)(bin)客(ke)(ke)稍(shao)稍(shao)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)给宾(bin)(bin)客(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稍(shao)。云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)不(bu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)飨(xiang)燕(yan)(yan),不(bu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)食(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓王(wang)(wang)有(you)故,不(bu)得速宾(bin)(bin),亲(qin)(qin)(qin)行此(ci)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“使(shi)(shi)人(ren)各(ge)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)爵(jue)(jue),以(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)侑币(bi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)并(bing)《聘礼(li)》文(wen)。案彼云(yun)(yun):“若不(bu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)食(shi)(shi),使(shi)(shi)大夫各(ge)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)爵(jue)(jue)朝(chao)服,致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)侑币(bi),致飨(xiang)以(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)亦(yi)(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼虽无致燕(yan)(yan)法,案《鹿鸣》燕(yan)(yan)群臣嘉宾(bin)(bin),有(you)实币(bi)帛,则致燕(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与飨(xiang)同。云(yun)(yun)“各(ge)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)爵(jue)(jue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则诸侯来(lai)朝(chao),遣三公致飨(xiang);卿来(lai)聘,遣卿大夫致飨(xiang)。燕(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi),致食(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)侑币(bi),故云(yun)(yun)“酬(chou)币(bi)侑币(bi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。云(yun)(yun)“则从而(er)以(yi)(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)往(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)从使(shi)(shi)人(ren)欲往(wang)客(ke)(ke)馆,授与宾(bin)(bin)客(ke)(ke)。
凡(fan)事,共酒(jiu)而(er)入(ru)于(yu)酒(jiu)府。(入(ru)于(yu)酒(jiu)正之府者,是(shi)王燕饮之酒(jiu),酒(jiu)正当奉(feng)之。)
[疏]“凡事”至“酒府”
○释曰:此谓酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正所奉者,则《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正》云(yun)“凡王之燕饮(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正奉之”。并共王之四饮(yin)三酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之馔,亦是酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正奉之。以(yi)其事非一,故言凡事共酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)入於酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正之府。
凡祭(ji)祀(si),共酒以(yi)往。(不(bu)言奉,小祭(ji)祀(si)。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“以往”
○释曰:上云祭(ji)祀(si)共奉之,谓大祭(ji)、次祭(ji)。此不(bu)言奉,谓小祭(ji)祀(si),王玄冕所祭(ji)者(zhe),故云“共酒以往”。
宾客之(zhi)陈酒(jiu)亦(yi)如之(zhi)。(谓若(ruo)归饔饩之(zhi)酒(jiu),亦(yi)自有奉之(zhi)者,以(yi)酒(jiu)从往。)
[疏]“宾客”至“如之”
○释曰:谓上公饔饩九牢之等。案《聘礼》云,卿韦弁归饔饩牲牢及刍薪米禾等,并归於客馆。彼入壶设於西序,北上。天子致礼於诸侯,亦当陈於西序,故云宾客之陈酒。亦如之者,亦以酒从使人往。
○注“谓若”至“从往”
○释曰:经直(zhi)云宾客陈酒,不指斥言饔(yong)饩(xi),郑(zheng)不敢正言,故言若饔(yong)饩(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)酒。云“亦自有奉之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)”,谓使卿(qing)韦弁(bian)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)是也。云“以酒从(cong)往”者(zhe),谓卿(qing)韦弁(bian)归(gui)饔(yong)饩(xi)等之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),亦使人以此(ci)酒从(cong)往致之(zhi)(zhi)。
浆人掌共王之六饮,水、浆、醴、凉、医、酏,入于酒府。(王之六饮,亦酒正当奉之。醴,醴清也。郑司农云:“凉,以水和酒也。”玄谓凉,今寒粥,若糗饭杂水也。酒正不辨水凉者,无厚薄之齐。
○糗,丘(qiu)酉反,又昌绍(shao)反。)
[疏]“浆人”至“酒府”
○释曰:言“入於酒府”者,亦入於酒正之府,与三酒同,以其酒正奉之故也。
○注“王之”至“之齐”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六饮(yin),亦(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)当(dang)(dang)奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),亦(yi)如酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人共酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)入於酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)府,酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)亦(yi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)当(dang)(dang)奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)“当(dang)(dang)”者(zhe),《酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)不(bu)自奉者(zhe),唯共王乃奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)当(dang)(dang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“醴(li)(li)(li),醴(li)(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)辨四饮(yin),言(yan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)言(yan)醴(li)(li)(li),彼郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)(qing)(qing),醴(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)。此(ci)(ci)浆人言(yan)醴(li)(li)(li)不(bu)言(yan)清(qing)(qing)(qing),谓醴(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu),清(qing)(qing)(qing)浊虽(sui)殊,本是一(yi)物,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)醴(li)(li)(li)清(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凉(liang)以水(shui)(shui)(shui)和酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),和水(shui)(shui)(shui)非人所饮(yin)。又(you)且若以酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和水(shui)(shui)(shui),即是厚(hou)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi),酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)何(he)因不(bu)辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎,故(gu)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从。“玄谓凉(liang),今寒粥,若糗饭杂水(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),案《内(nei)则》,饮(yin)内(nei)有(you)滥(lan)(lan)无凉(liang),彼郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun),以《周礼》六饮(yin)校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则滥(lan)(lan),凉(liang)也(ye)(ye)。纪(ji)、莒(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间名诸为滥(lan)(lan),言(yan)诸者(zhe),非一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。《内(nei)则》名凉(liang)为滥(lan)(lan),参验相当(dang)(dang),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凉(liang),今寒粥,若糗饭杂水(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)不(bu)辨水(shui)(shui)(shui)凉(liang)者(zhe),无厚(hou)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)文六饮(yin),并有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)凉(liang)。酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)辨四饮(yin),无水(shui)(shui)(shui)凉(liang),以其(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)则临(lin)时取用(yong),凉(liang)则至用(yong)乃和,二(er)者(zhe)并不(bu)须豫(yu)辨,故(gu)言(yan)无厚(hou)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)。
共宾客之稍礼。(稍礼,非飧饔之礼,留间,王稍所给宾客者。浆人所给亦六饮而已。
○间,如字,馀音间。)
[疏]注“稍礼”至“而已”
○释曰:云“稍(shao)礼(li)(li),非(fei)飧饔之礼(li)(li),留(liu)间,王(wang)稍(shao)所(suo)给(ji)宾(bin)客者(zhe)”,谓(wei)宾(bin)未去,留(liu)间,王(wang)稍(shao)稍(shao)所(suo)给(ji)宾(bin)者(zhe)也,故以稍(shao)言之。云“浆人(ren)所(suo)给(ji)亦六饮(yin)而已”者(zhe),浆人(ren)不主(zhu)酒齐,唯主(zhu)饮(yin),故知此稍(shao)礼(li)(li)所(suo)给(ji),六饮(yin)而已。
共夫人致饮于宾客之礼,清醴医酏糟,而奉之。(亦酒正使之。三物有清有糟。夫人不体王,得备之。礼,饮醴用四者糟也,不用四者清也。
○四,音(yin)四。)
[疏]“共夫”至“奉之”
○释曰:夫人,谓三夫人。致饮於宾客之礼,助王养宾,亦致於客馆。“清醴医酏糟”者,清醴之者,即《酒正》所云“一曰清”是也。“医酏糟”者,谓医酏不者。此二饮与后同。“而奉之”者,亦使浆人、奄士奉之。
○注“亦酒”至“清也”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦酒正(zheng)使之”者(zhe)(zhe),亦谓酒正(zheng)使酒人(ren)(ren)(ren)、浆(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、奄士(shi)也。故《酒正(zheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“医(yi)(yi)酏,使其士(shi)奉之”。彼注:“士(shi),酒人(ren)(ren)(ren)、浆(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren),奄士(shi)。”故知亦酒正(zheng)使之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)物有(you)清(qing)(qing)有(you)糟。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)不体王,得备之”者(zhe)(zhe),对后体王,屈,故医(yi)(yi)酏糟而(er)无清(qing)(qing)醴(li)(li)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼,饮醴(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)槽也”者(zhe)(zhe),案《士(shi)冠礼》“礼,子用(yong)(yong)醴(li)(li)有(you)四(si)”,是用(yong)(yong)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)糟也。但四(si)只为糟设(she),醴(li)(li)既而(er)清(qing)(qing),则(ze)不假四(si),则(ze)此经清(qing)(qing)醴(li)(li)是也,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不用(yong)(yong)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)清(qing)(qing)”也。
凡饮共之。(谓非食时。)
[疏]“凡饮共之”
○释曰(yue):上共(gong)王(wang)六(liu)饮,食时(shi)以共(gong)讫,此又云(yun)“凡饮共(gong)之(zhi)”,故(gu)云(yun)“谓(wei)非食时(shi)”。
凌(ling)人掌(zhang)(zhang)冰(bing)(bing),正(zheng)(zheng)岁十有二月,令(ling)斩冰(bing)(bing),三(san)(san)其(qi)(qi)凌(ling)。(正(zheng)(zheng)岁季冬,火星中(zhong)(zhong),大寒(han),冰(bing)(bing)方盛之(zhi)时(shi)。《春秋(qiu)传》曰:“火星中(zhong)(zhong)而寒(han)暑退(tui)。”凌(ling),冰(bing)(bing)室也。三(san)(san)之(zhi)者,为(wei)消释度也。故书“正(zheng)(zheng)”为(wei)“政”。郑司农云:“掌(zhang)(zhang)冰(bing)(bing)政,主(zhu)藏(zang)冰(bing)(bing)之(zhi)政也。”杜(du)子春读(du)掌(zhang)(zhang)冰(bing)(bing)为(wei)主(zhu)冰(bing)(bing)也。政当为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)。正(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)夏正(zheng)(zheng)。三(san)(san)其(qi)(qi)凌(ling),三(san)(san)倍其(qi)(qi)冰(bing)(bing)。)
[疏]“凌人”至“其凌”
○释曰:言“掌冰”者,谓凌人总掌藏冰出冰之事,故云掌冰也。云“正岁十有二月令斩冰”者,正岁谓夏之建寅为正,十有二月谓建丑之月。冰坚腹厚之时,令入山斩冰。三其凌者,凌谓冰室之中三倍纳冰,备消释度故也。
○注“正岁”至“其冰”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)岁(sui)季(ji)冬(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)虽(sui)以(yi)建子(zi)(zi)(zi)为正(zheng),行(xing)事(shi)皆用夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)岁(sui)。若(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)殷周(zhou),则十(shi)二(er)(er)月冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)坚(jian)。若(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)(er)月,冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)则坚(jian)厚,故(gu)(gu)正(zheng)岁(sui)据(ju)夏(xia)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“火(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)中,大(da)寒(han)(han)(han),冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)方盛(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),火(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)中,谓(wei)十(shi)二(er)(er)月平(ping)旦火(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)中,於(wu)(wu)十(shi)二(er)(er)月小寒(han)(han)(han)节。大(da)寒(han)(han)(han)中,是(shi)(shi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)方盛(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)也(ye)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)“《春(chun)秋传》曰火(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing)中而(er)寒(han)(han)(han)暑(shu)(shu)退(tui)(tui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《左氏》昭公(gong)三年(nian),郑(zheng)游吉如(ru)晋,送(song)少(shao)姜(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬,张见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自今,子(zi)(zi)(zi)其(qi)无事(shi)矣,譬如(ru)火(huo)(huo)(huo)焉,火(huo)(huo)(huo)中而(er)寒(han)(han)(han)暑(shu)(shu)乃退(tui)(tui)”。注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“火(huo)(huo)(huo)星(xing)(xing)(xing),季(ji)冬(dong)十(shi)二(er)(er)月平(ping)旦,正(zheng)在南,大(da)寒(han)(han)(han)退(tui)(tui)。季(ji)夏(xia)六月黄昏,火(huo)(huo)(huo)中,暑(shu)(shu)退(tui)(tui)。此其(qi)极也(ye),能无退(tui)(tui)乎?”引(yin)(yin)(yin)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证十(shi)二(er)(er)月寒(han)(han)(han)退(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)最(zui)盛(sheng),故(gu)(gu)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)书正(zheng)为政”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),政是(shi)(shi)政教字,故(gu)(gu)先郑(zheng)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)政,主(zhu)藏冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政”。後郑(zheng)不(bu)从先郑(zheng),故(gu)(gu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)读(du)掌冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)为主(zhu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),言(yan)正(zheng)谓(wei)夏(xia)正(zheng),於(wu)(wu)下(xia)还从经正(zheng)岁(sui)向下(xia)为义。後郑(zheng)依子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)改(gai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)岁(sui)字向下(xia),即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)(er)月冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)未(wei)厚,故(gu)(gu)从子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)也(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三其(qi)凌,三倍其(qi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)应十(shi)石,加至四十(shi)石,即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)三倍其(qi)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)也(ye)。
春始治鉴。(鉴,如<垂瓦>,大口,以盛冰,置食物于中,以御温气。春而始治之,为二月将献羔而启冰。
○鉴,胡暂反(fan),本(ben)或作监,音(yin)同。<垂瓦>,直(zhi)伪(wei)反(fan),与缒(zhui)音(yin)同。盛,音(yin)成。为(wei),于伪(wei)反(fan)。)
[疏]“春始治鉴”
○释曰:春,谓正月。“始治鉴”者,鉴是盛冰之器,春豫治之,为二月将出冰。
○注“鉴如”至“启冰”
○释曰:“鉴,如<垂瓦>”者,汉时名为<垂瓦>,即今之(zhi)瓮(weng)是也,故云“如<垂瓦>,大口,以盛冰”。云“春而始(shi)治之(zhi),为二月(yue)(yue)将(jiang)献(xian)羔而启冰”者,案《月(yue)(yue)令·仲春》云:“献(xian)羔而开冰,先荐(jian)寝庙。”《七(qi)月(yue)(yue)》诗(shi)亦云:“四(si)之(zhi)日(ri)其蚤,献(xian)羔祭韭。”是二月(yue)(yue)出冰者,公(gong)始(shi)用之(zhi)。
凡(fan)(fan)外内饔之膳羞,鉴焉(yan)。凡(fan)(fan)酒浆之酒醴亦如之。(酒醴见温气(qi)亦失味(wei)。酒浆,酒人(ren)(ren)、浆人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。)
[疏]“凡外”至“如之”
○释曰:言“凡(fan)外内饔之(zhi)膳羞鉴(jian)焉(yan)”者,谓(wei)王后及世(shi)子,并飨(xiang)耆老孤子之(zhi)等。以下文云祭祀,此经(jing)直云膳羞,明非祭祀也。二月之(zhi)後,皆须鉴(jian)以盛冰,故云鉴(jian)焉(yan)。云“凡(fan)酒(jiu)(jiu)浆(jiang)之(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)醴”者,酒(jiu)(jiu)谓(wei)酒(jiu)(jiu)人之(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu),谓(wei)三酒(jiu)(jiu)五齐(qi),举酒(jiu)(jiu)而(er)言。浆(jiang)人之(zhi)醴谓(wei)六饮,举醴而(er)言。云“亦(yi)如之(zhi)”者,亦(yi)以鉴(jian)盛冰。
祭祀,共(gong)冰鉴;宾客,共(gong)冰。(不以(yi)鉴往,嫌(xian)使(shi)停(ting)膳羞(xiu)。)
[疏]“祭祀”至“共冰”
○释曰:此云“祭祀”者,谓天地、社稷及宗庙之等,皆共鉴。云“宾客,共冰”者,谓诸侯来朝,王礼之以飧及饔饩,直共冰以往,无鉴也。
○注“不以”至“膳羞”
○释曰:冰若有(you)鉴(jian),则(ze)冰不(bu)销(xiao)释,食得(de)停久,故郑云不(bu)以鉴(jian)往,嫌使停膳羞(xiu)。
大丧,共夷冰。(夷之言尸也。实冰于夷中,置之尸床之下,所以寒尸。尸之曰夷,床曰夷床,衾曰夷衾,移尸曰夷于堂,皆依尸而为言也。《汉礼器制度》大广八尺,长丈二尺,深三尺,漆赤中。
○释云(yun):广八尺(chi),长(zhang)丈(zhang)二,深三尺(chi):凡(fan)度(du)(du)长(zhang)短曰长(zhang),直亮反。度(du)(du)浅深曰深,尸鸩(zhen)反。度(du)(du)广狭曰广,光旷反。度(du)(du)高(gao)下曰高(gao),古到反。相承(cheng)用此,音(yin)或皆依(yi)字读,後放(fang)此。漆赤中,用朱漆其中。)
[疏]“大丧共夷冰”
○释曰:亦谓三月已後遭大丧,则共夷及冰,举王丧共,后、世子及三夫人已下小丧亦共之。但王及后有夷,自外当与诸侯已下同大等。其世妇已上有冰,则与大夫同。女御与士同,无冰,见赐乃有也。
○注“夷之”至“赤中”
○释曰(yue):《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun):“君设(she)大(da)(da)(da)(da)造(zao)冰焉(yan)(yan),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫设(she)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)造(zao)冰焉(yan)(yan),士并瓦盘(pan),无(wu)冰。”下又云(yun)(yun)“设(she)床(chuang)衤笫,有枕。含一床(chuang),袭一床(chuang)”。是实冰置尸(shi)(shi)床(chuang)之下,以寒尸(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“床(chuang)曰(yue)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)床(chuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《仪礼(li)·既(ji)夕礼(li)》文。云(yun)(yun)“夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)“自小敛(lian)已後用夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衾”是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“移(yi)尸(shi)(shi)曰(yue)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於堂(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)“既(ji)小敛(lian),男女奉尸(shi)(shi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)于堂(tang)”。是皆依(yi)尸(shi)(shi)而为言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“汉(han)(han)礼(li)器制(zhi)度(du)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),叔孙通前汉(han)(han)时作(zuo)汉(han)(han)礼(li)器制(zhi)度(du),多得古之周制(zhi),故郑君依(yi)而用之也(ye)(ye)。依(yi)《制(zhi)度(du)》云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da),广八尺(chi),长(zhang)丈(zhang)二尺(chi),深三尺(chi),漆赤中”,此(ci)经虽云(yun)(yun)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),无(wu)形制(zhi),故依(yi)焉(yan)(yan)。若然,此(ci)周谓之夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),汉(han)(han)谓之大(da)(da)(da)(da),是别大(da)(da)(da)(da)异名。案《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)记(ji)》君设(she)大(da)(da)(da)(da)盘(pan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)诸(zhu)侯,不敢(gan)与天(tian)子(zi)同名夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盘(pan),故名大(da)(da)(da)(da)盘(pan)。彼(bi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫云(yun)(yun)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盘(pan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卑(bei)不嫌得与天(tian)子(zi)同名,其(qi)制(zhi)则小也(ye)(ye)。
夏颁冰,掌事。(暑气盛,王以冰颁赐,则主为之。《春秋传》曰:“古者日在北陆而藏冰,西陆朝觌而出之。”
○觌,直历反(fan)。)
[疏]“夏颁冰掌事”
○释曰:“夏颁冰”者,据颁赐群臣言。“掌事”者,谓主此赐冰多少,合得不合得之事。
○注“暑气盛,王以冰颁赐,则主为之。《春秋传》曰:‘古者日在北陆而藏冰,西陆朝觌而出之。’”
○释曰:谓(wei)二(er)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,蝇虫(chong)已生,公(gong)(gong)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)(si)月已後,暑气渐盛(sheng),则(ze)(ze)赐(ci)及群下。云“《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)传》曰”者(zhe),《左(zuo)氏(shi)》昭四(si)(si)年正(zheng)月,大雨雹,季(ji)武子问于申丰曰:“雹可(ke)御(yu)乎?”对曰:“圣人在(zai)上,无雹。虽有,不(bu)为(wei)(wei)灾。古(gu)者(zhe)日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)北(bei)陆(lu)(lu)而(er)(er)藏冰(bing),西(xi)陆(lu)(lu)朝(chao)觌(di)而(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),深山穷(qiong)谷,固(gu)阴Ё寒(han),於(wu)(wu)(wu)是乎取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄位,宾、食、丧、祭,於(wu)(wu)(wu)是乎用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),黑牡、黍,以(yi)享司寒(han)。其(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),桃(tao)弧、棘矢,以(yi)除(chu)其(qi)(qi)灾。其(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)也(ye)时。食肉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄,冰(bing)皆与焉。大夫命妇丧浴用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)。祭寒(han)而(er)(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),献羔而(er)(er)启之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),火出(chu)(chu)(chu)而(er)(er)毕赋(fu)。”服氏(shi)云:“火出(chu)(chu)(chu),於(wu)(wu)(wu)夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)三(san)月,於(wu)(wu)(wu)商为(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)月,於(wu)(wu)(wu)周为(wei)(wei)五月。”“自(zi)命夫命妇,至於(wu)(wu)(wu)老疾(ji),无不(bu)受冰(bing)。”《尔雅(ya)》云:“北(bei)陆(lu)(lu),虚(xu)也(ye)。”服氏(shi)云:“陆(lu)(lu),道也(ye)。北(bei)陆(lu)(lu)言(yan)在(zai),谓(wei)十二(er)月日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)危一度。西(xi)陆(lu)(lu)朝(chao)觌(di)不(bu)言(yan)在(zai),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)在(zai)昴,谓(wei)二(er)月在(zai)娄四(si)(si)度,谓(wei)春(chun)(chun)分时,奎(kui)娄晨见东方(fang)而(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)冰(bing),是公(gong)(gong)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”今此(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)注引(yin)朝(chao)觌(di)而(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)经夏(xia)颁冰(bing),则(ze)(ze)西(xi)陆(lu)(lu),《尔雅(ya)》曰:“西(xi)陆(lu)(lu),昴也(ye)。”朝(chao)觌(di)而(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)冰(bing),群臣用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若然,日(ri)(ri)(ri)体在(zai)昴在(zai)三(san)月内,得为(wei)(wei)夏(xia)颁冰(bing)者(zhe),据(ju)三(san)月末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节气,故证夏(xia)颁冰(bing)。此(ci)言(yan)夏(xia),据(ju)得夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节气。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》言(yan)火出(chu)(chu)(chu)者(zhe),据(ju)周。至於(wu)(wu)(wu)《七月》诗(shi)“二(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)凿冰(bing),三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)纳(na)於(wu)(wu)(wu)凌室(shi),四(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)其(qi)(qi)蚤,献羔祭韭”,孙皓问:“藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既晚,出(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)早(zao)何?”郑(zheng)(zheng)答:“豳士晚寒(han),故夏(xia)正(zheng)月纳(na)冰(bing)。夏(xia)二(er)月仲春(chun)(chun),大蔟用(yong)(yong)事(shi),阳气出(chu)(chu)(chu)地,始(shi)(shi)温,故礼应开冰(bing),先荐寝庙,是公(gong)(gong)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”
秋,刷。(刷,清也。郑司农云:“刷除冰室,当更内新冰。”玄谓秋凉,冰不用,可以清除其室。
○刷,所(suo)劣反。清(qing),如字又,才政反,下同。)
[疏]注“刷清”至“其室”
○释曰(yue):先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“刷除(chu)凌室,当更纳(na)(na)新冰(bing)”者,先郑(zheng)直云(yun)(yun)除(chu)旧(jiu)纳(na)(na)新,不(bu)(bu)言秋凉而冰(bing)不(bu)(bu)用(yong),於(wu)理未当经(jing)旨,故後郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“秋凉,冰(bing)不(bu)(bu)用(yong),可以清除(chu)其室”。至十(shi)二月,自(zi)然(ran)更纳(na)(na)新冰(bing)也。
笾(bian)人掌四笾(bian)之实。(笾(bian),竹器如豆者,其容实皆四升。)
[疏]“笾人”至“之实”
○释曰:言“四笾”,谓下经朝事、馈食、加笾、羞笾是也。云“之实”者,谓掌此四种笾中所实之物,、ナ、白、黑之等是也。
○注“笾竹”至“四升”
○释(shi)曰:郑知笾是竹器者(zhe),以其字竹下(xia)为之,亦(yi)依《汉礼(li)器制度》而知也。云“如(ru)豆”者(zhe),皆(jie)面径尺(chi)(chi),柄尺(chi)(chi),亦(yi)依《汉礼(li)》知之也。云“其容实(shi)(shi)皆(jie)四(si)升”者(zhe),据其笾之所受(shou)则曰容,据其所实(shi)(shi)ナ等则曰实(shi)(shi)。故云“容实(shi)(shi)皆(jie)四(si)升”,亦(yi)约与豆四(si)升同也。
朝事之笾,其实、ナ、白、黑、形盐、无、鲍鱼、肃。(ナ,实也。郑司农云:“朝事谓清朝未食,先进寒具口实之笾。故麦曰,麻曰ナ,稻曰白,黍曰黑。筑盐以为虎形,谓之形盐,故《春秋传》曰:盐虎形。”玄谓以《司尊彝》之职参之,朝事谓祭宗庙荐血腥之事。形盐,盐之似虎者。无,生鱼为大脔。鲍者,於室中糗乾之,出於江淮也。肃者,析乾之,出东海。王者备物,近者腥之,远者乾之,因其宜也。今河间以北,煮童麦卖之,名曰逢。燕人脍鱼方寸,切其腴以所贵。
○<麦丰>,芳弓反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)(xu)又(you)(you)芳勇反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或(huo)郎第反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。ナ,符文反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)(xu)蒲闷反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。无,火吴反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。肃,所求反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,思里反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,戚章涉反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)(you)直辄反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。,皮逼反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),本又(you)(you)作,同。糗,音(yin)乾,又(you)(you)作乾,“析”同。童,直龙反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)(you)音(yin)童。腴,音(yin)臾。,刘徒览(lan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),徐(xu)(xu)徒暂反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“朝事”至“鱼肃”
○释曰:此言朝事,谓祭宗庙,二灌之後,祝延尸於户外,后荐此八笾。八笾者,则为熬麦,一也;ナ为麻子,二也;白为熬稻米,三也;黑为熬黍米,四也;形盐,盐似虎形,五也;无,以鱼肉为大脔,六也;鲍,以鱼於室糗乾之,七也;肃为乾鱼,八也。
○注“ナ”至“所贵”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ナ,实也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《丧服》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“苴(ju)”,子(zi)夏传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“苴(ju),麻(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有ナ。”ナ是麻(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)实也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又案“疏衰裳(shang)齐(qi)牡麻(ma)”,子(zi)夏传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“牡麻(ma)者(zhe)(zhe),麻(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”则(ze)麻(ma)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雄(xiong)麻(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)然,麻(ma)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)实,而解ナ为(wei)实者(zhe)(zhe),举(ju)其类耳(er),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)圆曰(yue)(yue)箪,方曰(yue)(yue)笥,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。郑(zheng)注(zhu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“箪笥举(ju)类,义同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)事(shi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清朝(chao)未食(shi),先(xian)进寒(han)具口实之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笾”者(zhe)(zhe),此先(xian)郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)推上(shang)下(xia)文势祭祀为(wei)义,直以(yi)(yi)为(wei)生人所(suo)食(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“熬麦(mai)曰(yue)(yue)”,字从(cong)(cong)(cong)麦(mai),知(zhi)为(wei)熬麦(mai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“麻(ma)曰(yue)(yue)ナ”者(zhe)(zhe),已释讫。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“稻曰(yue)(yue)白”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其稻米见白。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黍(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)黑(hei)(hei)”者(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅》有黑(hei)(hei)黍(shu)(shu),故(gu)知(zhi)黑(hei)(hei)是黍(shu)(shu),二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)皆熬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。已上(shang)後郑(zheng)从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“筑(zhu)盐(yan)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)形”,又引《春秋(qiu)传》曰(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),《左氏(shi)》僖三十(shi)年冬,王(wang)使周公阅来聘,飨有昌(chang)蜀、白黑(hei)(hei)、形。服氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“昌(chang)蜀,昌(chang)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菹。”辞曰(yue)(yue):“国君(jun)文足昭(zhao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),武(wu)可(ke)畏(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),则(ze)有备(bei)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飨,以(yi)(yi)象(xiang)其德(de),荐五味,羞嘉(jia),盐(yan)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)形。”服云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“克形”。非是筑(zhu)克为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)《司尊彝(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),朝(chao)事(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭宗庙(miao)荐血(xue)(xue)(xue)腥(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《司尊彝(yi)职》,除二(er)灌有朝(chao)践馈献,为(wei)食(shi)前二(er)节(jie)(jie),彼(bi)又有朝(chao)献再献,食(shi)後尸(shi)为(wei)一节(jie)(jie)。又参《少牢》,主人酬尸(shi),宰夫羞房中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞,复为(wei)一,总四节(jie)(jie)。亦(yi)据祭宗庙(miao),故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭宗庙(miao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)血(xue)(xue)(xue),郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荐血(xue)(xue)(xue)腥(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)注(zhu)《论语》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,自血(xue)(xue)(xue)腥(xing)(xing)始”,皆谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毛以(yi)(yi)告纯,血(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)告杀。是为(wei)告杀时(shi)有血(xue)(xue)(xue),与朝(chao)践荐腥(xing)(xing)同(tong)节(jie)(jie),故(gu)连言血(xue)(xue)(xue)耳(er),非谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭血(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“形盐(yan),盐(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似虎(hu)(hu)(hu)形”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)自然似虎(hu)(hu)(hu)形,此破先(xian)郑(zheng)筑(zhu)盐(yan)为(wei)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)形也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),生鱼为(wei)大脔”者(zhe)(zhe),已释讫。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲍(bao)者(zhe)(zhe),於室(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)糗乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),出(chu)(chu)於江(jiang)淮也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)目验知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言室(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土为(wei)室(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肃(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe),析乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),出(chu)(chu)东海”者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏行居肃(su)(su)”,肃(su)(su)已释讫。言出(chu)(chu)东海者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)目验知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)备(bei)物,近者(zhe)(zhe)腥(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。远(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鲍(bao)及(ji)肃(su)(su)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。因(yin)其宜者(zhe)(zhe),近宜湿,远(yuan)宜乾(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)然,经鲍(bao)肃(su)(su)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe),鱼在於中(zhong)(zhong),明二(er)物皆鱼。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今河间以(yi)(yi)北,灸童(tong)麦(mai)卖(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),名曰(yue)(yue)逢(feng)”,引汉(han)法证亦(yi)是熬煮(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麦(mai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“燕人脍鱼方寸,切其腴以(yi)(yi)所(suo)贵”者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)引时(shi)事(shi)证无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦(yi)是腹腴,以(yi)(yi)拟祭与贵者(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
馈食之笾,其实枣、、桃、乾{艹}、榛实。(馈食,荐孰也。今吉礼存者,《特牲》、《少牢》,诸侯之大夫士祭礼也。不、不荐血腥,而自荐孰始,是以皆云馈食之礼。乾{艹},乾梅也。有桃诸、梅诸,是其乾者。榛,似栗而小。
○{艹},音老,徐力到反(fan)。榛,则巾反(fan),刘(liu)士(shi)邻反(fan)。少牢,诗(shi)诏反(fan),凡言“少牢”皆放此(ci)。,古(gu)乱反(fan)。)
[疏]“馈食”至“榛实”
○释曰:此谓朝践荐腥後,堂上更体其犬豕牛羊烹孰之时,后先谓之馈食之笾也。其八笾者,其实枣一也,栗二也,桃三也,乾{艹}谓乾梅,四也,榛实五也。其於八笾,仍少三。案:乾{艹}既为乾梅,经中桃是湿桃,既有湿桃、乾梅,明别有乾桃,则注引《内则》桃诸,郑云是其乾者。既有湿桃,明有湿梅可知。以乾梅湿梅二者,添五者为七笾。案:桃梅既并有乾湿,则枣中亦宜有乾湿,复取一,添前为八也。必知此五者之中有八者,案:《仪礼·特牲》、《少牢》,士二笾二豆,大夫四笾四豆,诸侯宜六,天子宜八。《醢人》馈食之豆有八,此馈食之笾言六,不类。又上文朝事之笾言八,下加笾亦八,岂此馈食在其中六乎?数事不可,故以义参之为八。若不如此,任贤者裁之也。
○注“馈食”至“而小”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun):“馈(kui)食,荐(jian)孰也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓於堂(tang)上馈(kui)熟之时(shi)后荐(jian)之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)吉(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)存者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,吉(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)谓祭(ji)祀(si),以(yi)(yi)其天子诸(zhu)侯(hou)祭(ji)祀(si)之礼(li)(li)(li)亡,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)存者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《特牲(sheng)》、《少(shao)牢》诸(zhu)侯(hou)之大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)祭(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)天子大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)牢祭(ji),今(jin)用《特牲(sheng)》、《少(shao)牢》,故知(zhi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)祭(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)、不(bu)荐(jian)血(xue)腥”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若天子诸(zhu)侯(hou),则(ze)有(you)室中(zhong)二、堂(tang)上朝(chao)践(jian)荐(jian)血(xue)腥之礼(li)(li)(li),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)无此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“而(er)(er)自荐(jian)孰始(shi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)馈(kui)食之礼(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子诸(zhu)侯(hou)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)虽同名(ming)馈(kui)食,仍(reng)有(you)少(shao)别。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?天子诸(zhu)侯(hou)尸食前仍(reng)有(you)馈(kui)献(xian)二,是(shi)(shi)馈(kui)孰阴厌,阴厌後,尸入室食,乃献(xian);大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)则(ze)馈(kui)孰与(yu)黍(shu)稷为(wei)阴厌,阴厌前无馈(kui)献(xian),以(yi)(yi)此为(wei)异耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian){艹},乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)梅也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)经乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian){艹}上有(you)桃,故知(zhi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian){艹}乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)梅也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)桃诸(zhu)、梅诸(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《内则(ze)》文。而(er)(er)郑引之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian){艹}中(zhong)有(you)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)桃、乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)梅,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)其乾(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)“榛似栗而(er)(er)小”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今(jin)居(ju)山者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见食之,似栗而(er)(er)小,亦目验(yan)知(zhi)之。
加笾之实,{艹凌}芡、、脯、{艹凌}、芡、、脯。(加笾,谓尸既食,后亚献尸所加之笾。重言之者,以四物为八笾。{艹凌},芰也。芡,鸡头也。栗与馈食同。郑司农云:“{艹凌}芡脯。”
○{艹凌},音陵。芡,音俭。,古栗字。重,直用反。芰,其寄(ji)反。)
[疏]“加笾”至“脯”
○释曰:此加笾,当尸食後。王尸,后亚王尸,於时荐之。四物重言之则八笾。
○注“加笾”至“脯”
○释曰:知笾(bian)(bian)是“尸(shi)既食,后亚(ya)献尸(shi)所加之(zhi)笾(bian)(bian)”者(zhe),案(an)《春(chun)官(guan)·内(nei)宗(zong)(zong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌宗(zong)(zong)庙之(zhi)祭祀,荐加豆笾(bian)(bian)。”以其(qi)内(nei)宗(zong)(zong)所荐,明主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)后。又见《特(te)牲(sheng)》主(zhu)(zhu)妇献尸(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“宗(zong)(zong)妇执两笾(bian)(bian)於(wu)户外,主(zhu)(zhu)妇受,设(she)於(wu)敦南(nan)。”主(zhu)(zhu)人献尸(shi)之(zhi)时(shi),不见有设(she)笾(bian)(bian)之(zhi)事(shi),故知唯主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)后也(ye)(ye)。《少牢》主(zhu)(zhu)妇不设(she)笾(bian)(bian)者(zhe),以其(qi)当日宾(bin)尸(shi)故也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)下大夫(fu)不宾(bin)尸(shi)者(zhe),亦(yi)与士同也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“菱芰(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),屈到嗜芰(ji)(ji),即(ji){艹(cao)凌(ling)}角者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“芡(qian),鸡头也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),俗(su)有二名,今人或(huo)谓之(zhi)雁头也(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“{艹(cao)凌(ling)}芡(qian),脯”者(zhe),先郑意怪(guai)馈(kui)食重言,故为(wei)替栗,得为(wei)一义,故引之(zhi)在下也(ye)(ye)。
羞笾之实,糗饵、粉。(羞笾,谓若《少牢》主人酬尸,宰夫羞房中之羞于尸、侑、主人、主妇,皆右之者。故书作茨。郑司农云:“糗,熬大豆与米也。粉,豆屑也。茨字或作,谓乾饵饼之也。”玄谓此二物皆粉稻米黍米所为也。合蒸曰饵,饼之曰。糗者,捣粉熬大豆,为饵之黏著,以粉之耳。饵言糗,言粉,互相足。
○饵(er),而志反(fan)(fan)。,昨资反(fan)(fan)。饼(bing),必领反(fan)(fan)。为饵(er),于伪反(fan)(fan),下文同。黏,女廉反(fan)(fan)。著,直略反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“羞笾”至“粉”
○释曰:此当王酬尸,内饔进之於尸侑等者也。云“糗饵粉”者,此为二笾,糗与粉为一物。恐饵黏著笾,故分于二笾之下。
○注“羞笾”至“相足”
○释曰:言(yan)(yan)(yan)“羞(xiu)笾,谓(wei)若《少牢》主(zhu)人酬尸(shi)(shi),宰夫羞(xiu)房中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞(xiu)于(yu)尸(shi)(shi)、侑、主(zhu)人、主(zhu)妇(fu),皆(jie)右(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)亡,故(gu)取(qu)《少牢》大(da)夫礼(li)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案《有(you)司(si)彻》,上大(da)夫当(dang)日宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi),正(zheng)祭(ji)不(bu)设内羞(xiu),故(gu)於(wu)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)在(zai)明日,则祭(ji)祀日当(dang)设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案《少牢》,下大(da)夫不(bu)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)长(zhang)致爵受(shou)(shou)酢,云(yun)宰夫羞(xiu)房中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞(xiu),司(si)士羞(xiu)庶(shu)羞(xiu)于(yu)尸(shi)(shi)祝(zhu)主(zhu)人主(zhu)妇(fu),内羞(xiu)在(zai)右(you),庶(shu)羞(xiu)在(zai)左。天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)长(zhang)受(shou)(shou)酢後(hou)(hou),亦当(dang)设此(ci)内羞(xiu)、庶(shu)羞(xiu)于(yu)尸(shi)(shi)祝(zhu)及王(wang)与后。然郑(zheng)不(bu)引(yin)(yin)不(bu)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)而引(yin)(yin)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),以其设内羞(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)同(tong),故(gu)只(zhi)引(yin)(yin)其一(yi)(yi)。但(dan)正(zheng)祭(ji)设於(wu)祝(zhu),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)故(gu)於(wu)侑,又宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)主(zhu)人酬尸(shi)(shi)後(hou)(hou),正(zheng)祭(ji)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)长(zhang)受(shou)(shou)酢後(hou)(hou)为(wei)异耳。云(yun)“故(gu)书作(zuo)(zuo)茨(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)宜(yi)从(cong)食不(bu)得从(cong)草,故(gu)先郑(zheng)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),从(cong)经为(wei)正(zheng)。郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun):“糗(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),熬大(da)豆与米(mi)也(ye)(ye)。粉,豆屑(xie)也(ye)(ye)”,并於(wu)义(yi)是(shi),但(dan)於(wu)义(yi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu),故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)增成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“茨(ci)字或作(zuo)(zuo)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)故(gu)书亦有(you)作(zuo)(zuo)次下食者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)“谓(wei)乾饵饼(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),饼(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰,未(wei)正(zheng)乾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)此(ci)二物(wu)皆(jie)粉稻米(mi)黍(shu)米(mi)所(suo)为(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe),据当(dang)时(shi)目验(yan)而知。云(yun)“合蒸曰饵,饼(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰“者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)粉稻米(mi)黍(shu)米(mi)合以为(wei)饵,饵既(ji)不(bu)饼(bing),明饼(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糕皆(jie)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),名出於(wu)此(ci)。云(yun)“糗(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe),捣粉熬大(da)豆”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)与司(si)农义(yi)同(tong)。司(si)农不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)捣,故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)增成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“饵言(yan)(yan)(yan)糗(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),言(yan)(yan)(yan)粉,互(hu)相足(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)本一(yi)(yi)物(wu),饵言(yan)(yan)(yan)糗(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),谓(wei)熬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦粉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)(yan)(yan)粉,捣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦糗(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)互(hu)者(zhe)(zhe),据两(liang)物(wu)相互(hu)。今一(yi)(yi)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上自相互(hu),直(zhi)是(shi)理不(bu)足(zu)(zu)明,故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)互(hu)相足(zu)(zu)。《内则》注:“捣,熬。”则大(da)豆也(ye)(ye)。,总名也(ye)(ye)。
凡祭祀,共其笾荐羞(xiu)之实。(荐羞(xiu),皆进也。未食(shi)未饮曰荐,既食(shi)既饮曰羞(xiu)。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“之实”
○释曰:祭祀言“凡”者,谓四时袷等,皆共其笾。笾则荐羞之实是也。
○注“荐羞”至“曰羞”
○释曰(yue):云“未食(shi)未饮曰(yue)荐”者(zhe),先荐後献(xian),祭(ji)祀也(ye)。据朝践馈献(xian)时,未献(xian)前所荐笾(bian)豆,朝事馈食(shi)之笾(bian)是也(ye)。云“既食(shi)既饮曰(yue)羞(xiu)”者(zhe),谓尸(shi)食(shi)後,尸(shi)讫所进羞(xiu),即(ji)加笾(bian)之实是也(ye)。
丧(sang)事及(ji)宾客之(zhi)(zhi)事,共其荐(jian)笾羞笾。(丧(sang)事之(zhi)(zhi)笾,谓殷(yin)奠时(shi)。)
[疏]“丧事”至“羞笾”
○释曰:丧事谓大奠时,宾客之事谓享燕时,亦共其荐笾羞笾。
○注“丧事”至“奠时”
○释曰(yue):殷犹大也。大奠(dian),朔月(yue)、月(yue)半、荐新、祖奠(dian)、遣(qian)奠(dian)之(zhi)类也。
为王及后、世子(zi)共其(qi)内羞(xiu)。(於其(qi)饮食(shi)以共房中之羞(xiu)。)
[疏]注“於其”至“之羞”
○释曰:言凡(fan)共后、世子(zi)饮食之时,用房(fang)中之羞(xiu)。凡(fan)笾事,掌之。