资治通鉴《蒙骜帅师伐魏》原文、翻译、阅读训练及答案
阅读下面文(wen)言文(wen),完成1-3题。
原文:
蒙(meng)骜(ao)帅师(shi)伐魏(wei)(wei),取高都、汲(ji)。魏(wei)(wei)师(shi)数败,魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)患之(zhi),乃使人(ren)请信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)赵(zhao)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)畏(wei)得罪,不肯还(hai),诫门下曰:“有(you)敢(gan)为魏(wei)(wei)使通者死(si)!”宾客(ke)莫敢(gan)谏。毛公、薛公见(jian)信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)曰:“公子(zi)(zi)所以(yi)重于(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)者,徒以(yi)有(you)魏(wei)(wei)也。今魏(wei)(wei)急而(er)公子(zi)(zi)不恤,一旦(dan)秦(qin)人(ren)克(ke)大梁(liang),夷(yi)先王(wang)之(zhi)宗庙(miao),公子(zi)(zi)当何面目立天(tian)下乎!”语未卒,信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)色变,趣(qu)驾还(hai)魏(wei)(wei)。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)持信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)泣(qi),以(yi)为上将(jiang)军。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)使人(ren)求援于(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)闻信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)复为魏(wei)(wei)将(jiang),皆遣(qian)兵(bing)救魏(wei)(wei)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)率五(wu)国(guo)之(zhi)师(shi)败蒙(meng)骜(ao)于(yu)河(he)外,蒙(meng)骜(ao)遁走。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)追至函谷关,抑之(zhi)而(er)还(hai)。
安陵(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)缩高(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子仕于(yu)秦(qin)(qin),秦(qin)(qin)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)(shou)管(guan)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不下(xia),使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)谓安陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)其(qi)遣缩高(gao),吾将仕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)五大夫(fu),使(shi)(shi)为(wei)执节尉。”安陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“安陵(ling)(ling),小(xiao)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不能(neng)必使(shi)(shi)其(qi)民。使(shi)(shi)者自(zi)往请之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”使(shi)(shi)吏导使(shi)(shi)者至缩高(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)。使(shi)(shi)者致信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,缩高(gao)曰(yue):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幸高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),将使(shi)(shi)高(gao)攻管(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)攻子守(shou)(shou),人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);见臣而(er)下(xia),是倍(bei)主(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。父(fu)(fu)(fu)教子倍(bei),亦非(fei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)喜。敢(gan)(gan)再(zai)(zai)拜辞(ci)(ci)!”使(shi)(shi)者以(yi)报信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大怒,遣使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)曰(yue):“安陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),亦犹(you)魏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今吾攻管(guan)而(er)不下(xia),则秦(qin)(qin)兵及(ji)我(wo),社稷必危矣。愿(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生束缩高(gao)而(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!若君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)弗致,无(wu)忌将发十万之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师以(yi)造安陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)下(xia)。”安陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“吾先君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)成侯(hou)受诏襄王以(yi)守(shou)(shou)此(ci)城(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),手授太府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宪。宪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上篇(pian)曰(yue):‘臣弑君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),子弑父(fu)(fu)(fu),有常(chang)不赦。国(guo)虽大赦,降城(cheng)亡(wang)子不得(de)与焉。’今缩高(gao)辞(ci)(ci)大位以(yi)全父(fu)(fu)(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue)‘必生致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’,是使(shi)(shi)我(wo)负襄王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏而(er)废太府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),虽死,终不敢(gan)(gan)行!”缩高(gao)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)人(ren)(ren),悍猛而(er)自(zi)用,此(ci)辞(ci)(ci)必反为(wei)国(guo)祸(huo)。吾已全己,无(wu)违人(ren)(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义矣,岂(qi)可使(shi)(shi)吾君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有魏患乎!”乃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍,刎颈(jing)而(er)死。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),缟素辟舍,使(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)者谢(xie)安陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“无(wu)忌,小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),困于(yu)思虑,失言于(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),请再(zai)(zai)拜辞(ci)(ci)罪!”:
王使人(ren)行(xing)万金于(yu)魏以(yi)间信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun),求得晋鄙客,令说魏王曰:“公子亡在外十年矣,今复为将,诸侯皆属,天(tian)下徒(tu)闻(wen)(wen)信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)而不闻(wen)(wen)魏王矣。”王又数使人(ren)贺信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun):“得为魏王未也?”魏王日(ri)闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)毁,不能不信(xin),乃使人(ren)代信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)将兵。信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)(jun)自知再以(yi)毁废,乃谢病不朝(chao),日(ri)夜(ye)以(yi)酒(jiu)色自娱,凡(fan)四(si)岁(sui)而卒。
选自《资治通鉴·卷(juan)第六》
翻译:
(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)年不(bu)回魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留(liu)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),)就日夜不(bu)停(ting)地发兵向东(dong)进(jin)攻(gong)(gong)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。魏(wei)王为此事焦虑万分,就派(pai)使臣去请公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仍(reng)担心魏(wei)王恼怒自己(ji),就告诫门(men)下宾客(ke)说(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)敢替魏(wei)王使臣通报传达的(de),处死。”由于宾客(ke)们(men)都是背弃魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)来(lai)到(dao)赵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de),所以(yi)没(mei)谁敢劝公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)回魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。这时,毛(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)薛公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)两人去见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说(shuo)(shuo):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所以(yi)在(zai)赵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)受到(dao)尊重,名扬诸(zhu)侯(hou),只(zhi)是因为有(you)(you)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)存(cun)在(zai)啊。现在(zai)秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)进(jin)攻(gong)(gong)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)危急而(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)毫不(bu)顾(gu)念,假使秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻(gong)(gong)破大梁(liang)而(er)把您先(xian)祖的(de)宗庙夷平,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)还(hai)有(you)(you)什么脸面活在(zai)世(shi)上呢?”话还(hai)没(mei)说(shuo)(shuo)完,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脸色(se)立即变了(le),嘱(zhu)咐车夫赶(gan)快套车回去救魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
魏(wei)王(wang)见到公(gong)子(zi),两人不禁相对落泪,魏(wei)王(wang)把(ba)上(shang)将军大印授给公(gong)子(zi),公(gong)子(zi)便正式担任了(le)上(shang)将军这个(ge)统帅军队(dui)的最高职务(wu)。
卫国(guo)攻(gong)打(da)秦(qin)国(guo)的(de)(de)管(guan)城,没有攻(gong)下,安(an)(an)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)人(ren)缩(suo)高(gao)的(de)(de)儿(er)子(zi)担任(ren)管(guan)城的(de)(de)防守,信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)派人(ren)对(dui)安(an)(an)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)说(shuo)道(dao)“请派缩(suo)高(gao)前去我(wo)(wo)将任(ren)命他(ta)为五(wu)大(da)夫(fu)。让(rang)他(ta)担任(ren)节尉。”安(an)(an)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)对(dui)使者说(shuo)道(dao):“安(an)(an)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一个(ge)小(xiao)国(guo)。不(bu)能让(rang)他(ta)们完全听(ting)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)命令。我(wo)(wo)派人(ren)把你(ni)(ni)(ni)引领(ling)到缩(suo)高(gao)住的(de)(de)地(di)方,传达(da)信(xin)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)君(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)命令。”缩(suo)高(gao)说(shuo):“你(ni)(ni)(ni)来到我(wo)(wo)这(zhei)里,是(shi)(shi)(shi)为了让(rang)我(wo)(wo)攻(gong)打(da)管(guan)城。父亲攻(gong)打(da)儿(er)子(zi)的(de)(de)守地(di)是(shi)(shi)(shi)会被天(tian)下人(ren)耻笑的(de)(de)。见到我(wo)(wo)就投降(jiang),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)背叛自己的(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)主(zhu),父亲让(rang)儿(er)子(zi)背叛,这(zhei)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)你(ni)(ni)(ni)愿意看(kan)到的(de)(de)吧。真对(dui)不(bu)起,我(wo)(wo)只(zhi)好推(tui)辞了。”
使者把情况汇报给信陵君,信陵君十分生气(qi),牌特使到(dao)(dao)案(an)灵(ling),对安(an)陵君说(shuo)(shuo):“安(an)陵这(zhei)个(ge)地方(fang),也算是魏(wei)国的(de)(de)土地,现(xian)在我(wo)攻(gong)不(bu)下管城(cheng),那么,秦军就会进攻(gong)到(dao)(dao)我(wo)国,卫国就会发生危险。请您(nin)把缩高(gao)亏(kui)上送(song)到(dao)(dao)我(wo)这(zhei)里(li)来。如(ru)果您(nin)不(bu)送(song)来。我(wo)将(jiang)派十万大(da)(da)军到(dao)(dao)达安(an)陵城(cheng)下。”安(an)陵君说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)的(de)(de)先祖成(cheng)候(hou)收到(dao)(dao)魏(wei)襄(xiang)王的(de)(de)命(ming)令(ling)镇(zhen)守此地,亲(qin)(qin)自接受了大(da)(da)府的(de)(de)法(fa)令(ling),法(fa)令(ling)上篇说(shuo)(shuo):‘儿子杀(sha)父亲(qin)(qin),大(da)(da)臣(chen)杀(sha)君王,有规(gui)定的(de)(de)刑(xing)罚不(bu)能(neng)免罪。即使国家(jia)举行大(da)(da)赦,聚成(cheng)投降和逃亡在外(wai)的(de)(de)人也不(bu)能(neng)免责。’现(xian)在缩高(gao)辞(ci)去职务,保全父子间(jian)的(de)(de)道义,但(dan)您(nin)说(shuo)(shuo):‘必须要把它活(huo)捉过来’,这(zhei)就会让我(wo)有负襄(xiang)王的(de)(de)命(ming)令(ling),有违背了大(da)(da)府的(de)(de)法(fa)令(ling)。就算死我(wo)也不(bu)能(neng)照办(ban)。”
缩(suo)高听说(shuo)后(hou),说(shuo):“信陵君(jun)为人刚愎自(zi)(zi)用,此话一出,肯定(ding)会给国家带(dai)来(lai)灾祸。我(wo)已经尽(jin)到了做人臣(chen)的道(dao)义。怎么(me)能(neng)使我(wo)的君(jun)主受到魏(wei)国的危害呢?”就到使者住地自(zi)(zi)刎而死。
信(xin)陵(ling)君听到缩高的死讯,穿上(shang)素服(fu)离开(kai)住地,派使者向安陵(ling)君谢罪(zui)道:“我(wo)是小(xiao)人,考虑不周,要求不当,我(wo)恭敬的请你恕罪(zui)。”
秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)担(dan)(dan)忧公子(zi)将进一步威(wei)胁(xie)秦(qin)国(guo)(guo),就(jiu)使用了万(wan)斤黄金到(dao)魏(wei)行贿(hui),寻(xun)找晋(jin)鄙原来的(de)那些(xie)门客,让他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)在魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)面前进谗言说:“公子(zi)流(liu)亡在外十年(nian)了,现在担(dan)(dan)任(ren)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)大将,诸侯国(guo)(guo)的(de)将领(ling)都归他(ta)(ta)(ta)指挥,诸侯们(men)只知道魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)有个魏(wei)公子(zi),不知道还有个魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。公子(zi)也要乘这(zhei)(zhei)个时(shi)机决定称王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。诸侯们(men)害怕公子(zi)的(de)权势(shi)声威(wei),正(zheng)打算共同出面拥立他(ta)(ta)(ta)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)呢。”秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)又(you)多次实行反间(jian),利(li)用在秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)的(de)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)间(jian)谍(die),假装(zhuang)不知情地请他(ta)(ta)(ta)们(men)向(xiang)公子(zi)祝贺问是(shi)否已经立为(wei)魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)了。魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)天(tian)天(tian)听(ting)到(dao)这(zhei)(zhei)些(xie)毁谤公子(zi)的(de)话(hua),不能不信以为(wei)真,后来果然派人代替公子(zi)担(dan)(dan)任(ren)上(shang)将军(jun)。公子(zi)自己明(ming)知这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)又(you)一次因(yin)毁谤而被(bei)废黜(chu),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)就(jiu)推托有病不上(shang)朝了,他(ta)(ta)(ta)在家里与宾客们(men)通宵达(da)旦地宴饮,痛(tong)饮烈(lie)性酒(jiu),常跟(gen)女人厮(si)混,这(zhei)(zhei)样日日夜夜寻(xun)欢作乐度(du)(du)过了四(si)年(nian),终于(yu)(yu)因(yin)饮酒(jiu)无度(du)(du)患病死(si)亡,这(zhei)(zhei)一年(nian),魏(wei)安厘王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也去世了。
阅读训练:
1.对下列句子中加点(dian)词(ci)语的解释(shi),不(bu)正确的一项是:
A.魏王患之。 患:以……为患。
B.使(shi)使(shi)者谢安陵君曰。 谢:道歉。
C.吾已(yi)全(quan)己。 全(quan):使……保(bao)全(quan)。
D.乃使人代信(xin)陵君将(jiang)兵。 将(jiang):将(jiang)军(jun)。
2.下列句子,分别编为(wei)四组,全都表明信陵君“悍猛而自用”的一组是:
①信陵君(jun)色变(bian),趣驾(jia)还魏(wei)。 ②有敢为魏(wei)使(shi)通者死。 ③信陵君(jun)率(lv)五国之(zhi)(zhi)师败蒙骜于河外(wai) ④ 无忌将发十万之(zhi)(zhi)师以造(zao)安陵之(zhi)(zhi)城下 ⑤信陵君(jun)大怒,遣使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)安陵君(jun)所(suo)。
A.①②⑤ B.②④⑤ C.①③⑤ D.②③④
3.下列对原文有关内容的(de)分析和(he)概(gai)括,正确(que)的(de)一项(xiang)是:
A.在魏(wei)国难(nan)当(dang)头之际,信陵(ling)君(jun)力(li)排众议(yi),挺身而出,抑蒙骜于关内,救魏(wei)国于水火。
B.子守管城的安(an)陵(ling)人缩高因(yin)信陵(ling)君的命令而进退两难,但最终因(yin)安(an)陵(ling)君而化(hua)险为夷。
C.信陵君复为将后,又(you)自恃功高,日夜以(yi)酒(jiu)色自娱,终被魏王“不信”而遭废(fei)黜(chu)。
D.信陵君重于诸(zhu)侯,是因(yin)(yin)为他(ta)能为国纾难,而(er)再度被黜,则(ze)因(yin)(yin)为魏王之(zhi)不(bu)明不(bu)察。
参考答案:
1.D(将,动词,统领。)
2.B
3.D(A “信陵君(jun)力排众议,挺身而出”不合文意。B项(xiang)“化险(xian)为夷”不妥。C项(xiang)“自恃(shi)功高”无(wu)依(yi)据,另外,因果倒置,应该说(shuo)是被魏王“不信”而遭废(fei)黜(chu)后(hou)才日(ri)夜以酒色自娱。)