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《清史稿·丁宝桢传》原文逐段翻译

[移动版] 作者:佚名

《清史(shi)稿·丁宝桢传》原文逐(zhu)段翻(fan)译

丁宝桢,字稚璜,贵州平远人。咸丰三年(nian)进士,选庶吉士。母丧里居(ju),遵义杨隆(long)喜反(fan),斥家财募(mu)壮(zhuang)士八(ba)百(bai)捍乡里。服阕(que),会(hui)苗、教(jiao)蜂起(qi),巡抚蒋霨(wei)远奏留军,特(te)旨授编修,增募(mu)至四(si)千人,复平越、独山诸(zhu)城(cheng)。十(shi)年(nian),除(chu)知(zhi)岳州府(fu),始罢遣所募(mu)兵(bing)。亏饷(xiang)巨万,乃陈(chen)五百(bai)金案上,语众曰:“与诸(zhu)君(jun)共事久,今库(ku)馈(kui)诎,徒手(shou)归,奈何(he)?”众泣曰:“公(gong)毁家纾难,我等敢他求乎?”遂(sui)去。

丁(ding)(ding)宝(bao)桢,字稚璜,是贵州(zhou)平远人。咸(xian)丰(feng)三(san)年(nian)考中进(jin)士(shi)(shi),被(bei)选作庶(shu)吉士(shi)(shi)。因(yin)母(mu)亲去世(shi)在(zai)乡间(jian)居住(zhu),恰逢(feng)遵义的杨隆喜造反,丁(ding)(ding)宝(bao)桢倾(qing)尽家(jia)财招(zhao)募了(le)(le)(le)八百壮士(shi)(shi)捍保卫家(jia)乡。服(fu)丧终(zhong)了(le)(le)(le),恰逢(feng)苗民教(jiao)匪叛乱蜂拥而起(qi),巡抚蒋霨远上(shang)奏朝廷,申请让(rang)丁(ding)(ding)宝(bao)桢部留在(zai)平乱军中,皇(huang)帝(di)特别下令授(shou)予(yu)(yu)他编修一(yi)职(zhi)。丁(ding)(ding)宝(bao)桢又增加(jia)招(zhao)募,士(shi)(shi)兵(bing)总(zong)数到了(le)(le)(le)四千人,收(shou)复了(le)(le)(le)平越、独山等(deng)诸(zhu)多城池,咸(xian)丰(feng)十(shi)年(nian),被(bei)授(shou)予(yu)(yu)岳州(zhou)知府(fu),才遣散了(le)(le)(le)招(zhao)募的军队(dui)。亏(kui)欠(qian)的饷银(yin)非常之多,就(jiu)把五百两银(yin)子(zi)放在(zai)桌案上(shang),对大家(jia)说(shuo):“我和(he)各位在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)共事很(hen)久(jiu)了(le)(le)(le),现在(zai)府(fu)库的钱粮短缺,你们空着手回(hui)家(jia),怎么(me)办?”大家(jia)流着泪说(shuo):您不惜捐献所有(you)家(jia)产,解(jie)救国难,我们还(hai)怎么(me)敢有(you)另(ling)外的请求,于是纷(fen)纷(fen)离开。

同治(zhi)二年(nian)(nian),擢山东按察使(shi)。会僧(seng)(seng)格林沁治(zhi)兵鲁、豫(yu)间,令击河(he)北宋景(jing)诗。旋劾其(qi)擅议招抚,部(bu)议降三级。又明(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian),迁布政(zheng)使(shi)。僧(seng)(seng)格林沁战(zhan)殁曹(cao)州(zhou),坐(zuo)法再干议,皆得恩旨(zhi)留任,于是言者(zhe)复摭他(ta)款弹之(zhi),事下曾国藩,国藩白其(qi)无(wu)罪。巡(xun)抚阎敬铭夙高(gao)其(qi)能,至(zhi)是乞休,举(ju)以(yi)自代,遂(sui)拜巡(xun)抚之(zhi)命。时捻(nian)(nian)①趋海澨,李鸿(hong)章(zhang)(zhang)建(jian)议筑墙胶莱(lai)河(he),宝(bao)桢会军(jun)蹙之(zhi)。六年(nian)(nian),东捻(nian)(nian)走濰河(he),东军(jun)王心安筑垒方成,而(er)堤墙未竣,捻(nian)(nian)长驱渡(du)河(he),宝(bao)桢以(yi)闻(wen)。上怒,鸿(hong)章(zhang)(zhang)交部(bu)议,宝(bao)桢亦褫②职(zhi)留任。先(xian)是东军(jun)守(shou)濰河(he),本皖将潘鼎新(xin)汛地(di)。皖军(jun)甫南移,而(er)北路遽失(shi)。诏斩心安,宝(bao)桢抗辩(bian),乃宥心安而(er)责(ze)鸿(hong)章(zhang)(zhang);宝(bao)桢复屡(lv)疏相诋,于是上益责(ze)鸿(hong)章(zhang)(zhang)忌刻纵(zong)寇(kou)(kou)矣。明(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian),西捻(nian)(nian)趋定州(zhou),近畿(ji)震动。宝(bao)桢闻(wen)警,即(ji)驰至(zhi)东昌,率骑旅千、精卒三千,赍五日粮,倍道北援,捻(nian)(nian)遂(sui)南溃。是役也(ye),朝(chao)廷(ting)遣宿(su)卫之(zhi)旅出国门备寇(kou)(kou),统兵诸(zhu)将帅皆获谴让(rang),而(er)上独以(yi)宝(bao)桢一军(jun)猝出寇(kou)(kou)前,转战(zhan)雄、任、深、祁、高(gao)、肃(su)间,复饶阳,功最盛,数降敕褒嘉(jia),加太(tai)子少(shao)保。

同(tong)治(zhi)二年(nian)(nian),擢升山(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)按察使,恰逢(feng)僧格林沁(qin)在鲁(lu)、豫两地(di)统帅军(jun)(jun)(jun)队,命(ming)(ming)令(ling)丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)攻击河(he)(he)(he)北宋景诗,不(bu)久丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)被弹(dan)劾(he)擅自(zi)倡议(yi)招抚,兵(bing)(bing)部(bu)审议(yi)决定将(jiang)(jiang)其降职(zhi)三(san)级,又到(dao)了第(di)二年(nian)(nian)升迁做(zuo)布政使。僧格林沁(qin)在曹州战死,因(yin)犯了干预(yu)朝(chao)议(yi)而(er)犯法,都(dou)得(de)到(dao)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)恩典赦免留任(ren)原职(zhi),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)谏官(guan)们又搜集罗(luo)织了其他的(de)罪(zui)名(ming)来弹(dan)劾(he)他,此事投送到(dao)曾国(guo)藩处(chu),曾国(guo)藩向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝禀告说他无罪(zui)。山(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)巡抚阎敬铭向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)来推崇丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)才能,到(dao)这(zhei)(zhei)时就(jiu)请求退(tui)休,举(ju)荐丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)来代替自(zi)己(ji),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)朝(chao)廷就(jiu)任(ren)命(ming)(ming)他做(zuo)山(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)巡抚。当时捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun)逼近了海澨(shi),李鸿(hong)章(zhang)建议(yi)在胶莱(lai)河(he)(he)(he)修(xiu)筑长(zhang)墙防(fang)(fang)御,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)会合(he)军(jun)(jun)(jun)队迫近警(jing)戒,同(tong)治(zhi)六年(nian)(nian),东(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun)逃(tao)到(dao)濰河(he)(he)(he),东(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)王心安刚(gang)刚(gang)筑成(cheng)营垒(lei),但是(shi)堤墙尚未(wei)完成(cheng),捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun)长(zhang)驱直(zhi)入(ru)渡过(guo)了濰河(he)(he)(he),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)把这(zhei)(zhei)件事禀告给皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝大怒,将(jiang)(jiang)李鸿(hong)章(zhang)交付兵(bing)(bing)部(bu)审议(yi),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也革(ge)去职(zhi)务暂时留任(ren),这(zhei)(zhei)之(zhi)前(qian)东(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu)(lu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)镇(zhen)守濰河(he)(he)(he),本是(shi)安徽将(jiang)(jiang)领(ling)潘鼎(ding)新驻防(fang)(fang)地(di)段,安徽军(jun)(jun)(jun)刚(gang)刚(gang)南移,而(er)北路(lu)(lu)就(jiu)立即失利。皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝下令(ling)将(jiang)(jiang)王心安斩首,丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)上(shang)(shang)书直(zhi)言(yan)辩(bian)驳,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝就(jiu)宽宥了王心安而(er)斥责(ze)李鸿(hong)章(zhang),宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)又屡次(ci)上(shang)(shang)书揭发,皇(huang)(huang)(huang)帝于(yu)(yu)是(shi)越发斥责(ze)李鸿(hong)章(zhang)为人(ren)刻薄善妒、放纵寇(kou)敌(di),第(di)二年(nian)(nian),西路(lu)(lu)捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun)奔赴定州,京畿(ji)附(fu)近大为震(zhen)动(dong),丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)听到(dao)军(jun)(jun)(jun)情示警(jing),立即快(kuai)马(ma)奔驰到(dao)东(dong)(dong)(dong)昌,率领(ling)一千骑兵(bing)(bing),三(san)千精(jing)锐步兵(bing)(bing),带着五天粮食,日夜兼(jian)程,援(yuan)助北方,捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南溃(kui)逃(tao),这(zhei)(zhei)场战役(yi),朝(chao)廷派遣禁(jin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)到(dao)京城(cheng)外防(fang)(fang)备捻(nian)军(jun)(jun)(jun),统领(ling)士(shi)兵(bing)(bing)的(de)各位将(jiang)(jiang)领(ling)都(dou)受(shou)到(dao)责(ze)备,而(er)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)上(shang)(shang)只因(yin)为丁(ding)(ding)(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)这(zhei)(zhei)一支军(jun)(jun)(jun)队突然出现在敌(di)人(ren)之(zhi)前(qian),转战雄雄、任(ren)、深、祁(qi)、高、肃各州间,收复饶阳,功劳(lao)最大,多次(ci)降下圣旨褒(bao)扬嘉(jia)奖,加(jia)太子太保一职(zhi)。

而其诛安得海(hai)事尤著人口。安得海(hai)者,以奄人侍慈禧太后,颇用事。八年秋,乘楼船缘运(yun)河南下,旗缯(zeng)殊异,称有(you)密遣。所(suo)过招纳权贿,无敢发者。至泰安,宝(bao)桢先已入告(gao),使骑捕而守之。安得海(hai)犹大(da)言(yan),谓:“汝辈自速(su)辜耳!”传送济南,宝(bao)桢曰:“宦(huan)竖私出,非制。且大(da)臣未(wei)闻有(you)命,必诈无疑。”奏上(shang),遂正法(fa)。

而(er)他(ta)杀掉安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)事件尤其被民众(zhong)(zhong)称(cheng)道,安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai),以太(tai)(tai)监身份侍(shi)奉慈禧太(tai)(tai)后多年,颇为擅(shan)权,同(tong)治八年秋天,安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)乘坐楼船沿着运河南下(xia),旗帜与众(zhong)(zhong)不同(tong),自称(cheng)有(you)秘密的(de)派(pai)遣(qian)(qian),所过(guo)之处,结交权贵,收(shou)取(qu)贿赂,没有(you)人敢告发(fa),到了泰(tai)安(an)(an)(an),宝(bao)桢(zhen)已经先(xian)入朝告发(fa),派(pai)遣(qian)(qian)骑兵逮(dai)捕安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)并(bing)看押起来。安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)还说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)大(da)(da)话,说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)道:“你(ni)们(men)这(zhei)些(xie)人是自己招来祸端罢(ba)了!”传递解送到济(ji)南,丁宝(bao)桢(zhen)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“太(tai)(tai)监私自出京,是不符(fu)合祖制的(de)。况且大(da)(da)臣们(men)没有(you)听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)有(you)这(zhei)样的(de)(秘密派(pai)遣(qian)(qian)的(de))命令,一定有(you)诈没确定无疑(yi)。”禀明皇帝,于(yu)是将(jiang)安(an)(an)(an)德(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)就地正法。

光绪二年(nian),代吴棠署(shu)四川总督(du)。 成都(dou)将军恒训覈覆堤工,亦摭及盐运(yun)病商民、流(liu)弊大,宝桢(zhen)抗辩。上虑宝桢(zhen)惑(huo)浮言,敕勿易初(chu)念。寻予(yu)实授。宝桢(zhen)弥自(zi)警勖,益兴积谷,严(yan)督(du)捕(bu)。治蜀凡十年(nian),初(chu)莅事时,郭(guo)内月有(you)盗劫,至是诛匪(fei)几(ji)尽,声为道不(bu)拾遗。十一年(nian),卒官(guan),赠太子太保(bao),谥文诚,予(yu)山东、四川、贵州建祠(ci)。

光(guang)(guang)绪二年,代替(ti)吴棠担任(ren)四川(chuan)总(zong)督(du)。成都将军恒训再次核(he)查堤防工程,又挑(tiao)剔指摘到(dao)盐运祸害商贾民众,流(liu)弊很大,拒绝责难,进(jin)行(xing)争辩。皇帝担心丁(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢被流(liu)言(yan)困惑(huo),亲自(zi)下(xia)令(ling)告诉丁(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢不要(yao)改变当(dang)初的(de)想法。不久就(jiu)正(zheng)式授(shou)予他实职(zhi),丁(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢也更加的(de)自(zi)我警(jing)惕(ti)勉励,更加注重储存粮食,严厉(li)进(jin)行(xing)督(du)责搜捕(bu)。丁(ding)宝(bao)(bao)桢治(zhi)理四川(chuan)共十(shi)年,刚(gang)刚(gang)到(dao)任(ren)履职(zhi)时(shi),城内每月(yue)都有盗窃抢(qiang)劫的(de)案件,到(dao)这时(shi)几乎把匪徒(tu)诛杀(sha)干净,宣称为(wei)路不拾遗,光(guang)(guang)绪十(shi)一年,在(zai)任(ren)上去世,追赠太子太保,谥号(hao)文(wen)诚,给(ji)予山东四川(chuan)贵(gui)州三(san)地建立(li)祠(ci)堂的(de)殊荣。

宝桢严刚有威。其初至山东也,僧格林沁方蹙捻淄川颇贵倨见司道官不设坐宝桢投谒告材官启王坐则见否则罢左右皆大惊王服其强为改容加礼敬铭闻之,大称异,至之日,亲迓于郊。自是事无大小,皆咨宝桢而后行。至今言吏治者,常与沈葆桢并称,尤励清操。丧归,僚属集赙,始克成行云。子五人,体常尤著名,官广东布政使。

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