爱上海

第十计 笑里藏刀

信而安之①，阴以图之②，备而后动，勿使有变。刚中柔外也 ③。

①信(xin)而安之：信(xin)，使(shi)信(xin)。安，使(shi)安，安然(ran)，此指不生 疑(yi)心。②阴(yin)以(yi)图(tu)之：阴(yin)，暗地里(li)。③刚(gang)中柔外：表面柔顺，实(shi)质强(qiang)硬(ying)尖利。

古人(ren)按语说：兵书云：“辞(ci)卑(bei)而(er)益备者(zhe)，进也；……无约而(er)请和者(zhe)，谋也。”故凡敌人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巧言令色(se)，皆杀机之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外露也。宋曹玮知渭州(zhou)，号令明肃，西夏(xia)人(ren)惮(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一日玮方对客奕棋，会有(you)叛夸(kua)数(shu)千，亡奔夏(xia)境。堠骑(qi)（骑(qi)马的(de)侦宿员(yuan)）报至，诸将相顾(gu)失色(se)，公言笑如平时(shi)。徐谓骑(qi)日．“吾命(ming)也，汝勿显(xian)言。”西夏(xia)人(ren)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以为袭己，尽杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)临机应变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用也。若(ruo)勾践之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事夫差．则意使其久而(er)安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。

宋将(jiang)曹玮，闻知(zhi)有(you)人(ren)叛(pan)变，他(ta)(ta)非但不惊(jing)恐，反而随机(ji)应便，谈笑自(zi)(zi)如，不予追捕，让敌(di)人(ren)把叛(pan)逃者误认为是曹玮派来进攻的(de)，把他(ta)(ta)们全(quan)部(bu)杀光。曹琼(qiong)把笑里藏(zang)刀和借刀杀人(ren)之计(ji)(ji)运用得何其自(zi)(zi)如！古代兵法早就提(ti)醒为战者：切不可轻信对方的(de)甜言蜜语、空(kong)头支票，要(yao)谨(jin)防(fang)他(ta)(ta)们暗中(zhong)隐藏(zang)的(de)杀机(ji)。总之，此计(ji)(ji)还(hai)多用于(yu)军事政治与外交的(de)伪装上(shang)。

笑里(li)(li)藏(zang)刀，原意是指那种口蜜腹剑，两面三刀，“口里(li)(li)喊哥哥，手(shou)里(li)(li)摸家伙”的作法。此(ci)计用在(zai)军事上(shang)，是运用政治外交上(shang)的伪装手(shou)段，欺(qi)骗(pian)麻痹对方，来掩(yan)盖己方的军事行动。这是一种表面友(you)善而暗藏(zang)杀(sha)机的谋略。

战国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时期(qi)，秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为了对(dui)外扩张(zhang)，必(bi)须夺取(qu)地(di)势险(xian)(xian)要的(de)黄河(he)(he)崤山一(yi)(yi)带，派公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)为大(da)(da)(da)将，率兵(bing)攻打魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)(da)军(jun)直抵魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)吴城(cheng)城(cheng)下。这吴城(cheng)原是(shi)魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名将吴起苦心经营之地(di)，地(di)势险(xian)(xian)要，工事坚固，正(zheng)面进攻恐难奏效。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞍苦苦思索攻城(cheng)之计(ji)。他(ta)探到魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)守将是(shi)与(yu)自己曾经有过交(jiao)往的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)，心中大(da)(da)(da)喜。他(ta)马上(shang)修书一(yi)(yi)封，主动(dong)(dong)与(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)套近乎，说道，虽然我们俩(liang)现在各为其主，但考虑到我们过去的(de)交(jiao)情，还是(shi)两国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)罢兵(bing)，订立(li)和(he)约为好。念旧之情，溢干言表(biao)(biao)。他(ta)还建(jian)议约定(ding)时间会(hui)谈(tan)(tan)议和(he)大(da)(da)(da)事。信送出后，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)还摆(bai)出主动(dong)(dong)撤兵(bing)的(de)姿态，命令秦军(jun)前锋立(li)即撤回。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)看罢来(lai)信，又见(jian)秦军(jun)退(tui)兵(bing)，非常高兴，马上(shang)回信约定(ding)会(hui)谈(tan)(tan)日(ri)期(qi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)已钻入(ru)了圈套，暗(an)地(di)在会(hui)谈(tan)(tan)之地(di)设下埋伏。会(hui)谈(tan)(tan)那天，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)带了三百名随(sui)(sui)从到达(da)约定(ding)地(di)点，见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)带的(de)随(sui)(sui)从更(geng)少，而且(qie)全部没带兵(bing)器(qi)，更(geng)加相(xiang)信对(dui)方的(de)诚意。会(hui)谈(tan)(tan)气(qi)氛十(shi)分融(rong)洽(qia)，两人(ren)重叙昔日(ri)友情，表(biao)(biao)达(da)双(shuang)方交(jiao)好的(de)诚意。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞍还摆(bai)宴(yan)款待公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)兴冲(chong)冲(chong)人(ren)席(xi)，还未坐定(ding)，忽听一(yi)(yi)声号(hao)令，伏兵(bing)从四面包围过来(lai)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)行(xing)(xing)和(he)三百随(sui)(sui)从反应(ying)不及，全部被(bei)擒(qin)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)利用被(bei)俘的(de)随(sui)(sui)从，骗开(kai)吴城(cheng)城(cheng)门，占领吴城(cheng)。魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)只(zhi)得割让西(xi)河(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)带，向秦求和(he)。秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)用公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)鞅(yang)(yang)笑里藏刀计(ji)轻(qing)取(qu)崤山一(yi)(yi)带。

三国时(shi)(shi)期，由于(yu)荆(jing)州(zhou)地(di)(di)理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)十(shi)分重(zhong)要，成为兵家(jia)必争之(zhi)地(di)(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元217年(nian)，鲁肃(su)病死。孙(sun)、刘(liu)联合(he)抗曹的(de)(de)(de)蜜(mi)月已(yi)(yi)经(jing)结束。当(dang)时(shi)(shi)关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)镇守(shou)(shou)荆(jing)州(zhou)，孙(sun)权(quan)久存夺(duo)取荆(jing)州(zhou)之(zhi)心，只是时(shi)(shi)机(ji)尚未成熟(shu)。不(bu)久以后，关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)发兵进攻曹操(cao)控制的(de)(de)(de)樊(fan)城(cheng)(cheng)，怕有后患，留下重(zhong)兵驻(zhu)(zhu)守(shou)(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安、南(nan)郡(jun)，保(bao)卫荆(jing)州(zhou)。孙(sun)权(quan)手下大(da)将吕(lv)(lv)蒙(meng)认为夺(duo)取荆(jing)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)机(ji)已(yi)(yi)到(dao)，但(dan)因(yin)有病在(zai)身，就建议(yi)孙(sun)权(quan)派当(dang)时(shi)(shi)毫(hao)无(wu)名(ming)气青年(nian)将领(ling)陆逊(xun)接替他的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，驻(zhu)(zhu)守(shou)(shou)陆口。陆逊(xun)上任(ren)，并不(bu)显山露(lu)水，定(ding)下了与关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)假和(he)好、真(zhen)备战(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)策略。他给关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)写去一信，信中极力夸耀(yao)关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)，称关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)功高威(wei)重(zhong)，可与晋文公(gong)(gong)(gong)、韩信齐名(ming)。自(zi)称—介(jie)书生，年(nian)纪太轻(qing)，难担大(da)任(ren)，要关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)多加(jia)指(zhi)教(jiao)。关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)为人(ren)，骄做自(zi)负，目(mu)中无(wu)人(ren)，读罢陆逊(xun)的(de)(de)(de)信，仰天大(da)笑(xiao)，说道：“无(wu)虑江东矣。”马上从(cong)防守(shou)(shou)荆(jing)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)守(shou)(shou)军中调出大(da)部人(ren)马，一心一意攻打樊(fan)城(cheng)(cheng)。陆逊(xun)又暗地(di)(di)派人(ren)向曹操(cao)通风报信，约定(ding)双方(fang)一起(qi)行动，夹击关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)。孙(sun)权(quan)认定(ding)夺(duo)取荆(jing)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)机(ji)已(yi)(yi)经(jing)成熟(shu)，派吕(lv)(lv)蒙(meng)为先锋(feng)，向荆(jing)州(zhou)进发。吕(lv)(lv)蒙(meng)将精锐(rui)部队埋伏在(zai)改装成商船的(de)(de)(de)战(zhan)舰内，日夜兼程，突然袭击，攻下南(nan)部。关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)得(de)讯，急忙回(hui)师，但(dan)为时(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)晚，孙(sun)权(quan)大(da)军已(yi)(yi)占(zhan)领(ling)荆(jing)州(zhou)。关(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)只得(de)败走麦城(cheng)(cheng)。

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