爱上海

卷六 桓三年(nian)，尽六年(nian)

　　【经】三年，春，正月，公会齐侯于嬴。（经之首时必书“王”，明此历，天王之所班也。其或废法违常，失不班历，故不书“王”。嬴，齐邑，今泰山嬴县。
　　○经三年正(zheng)月，从此尽十(shi)七年皆(jie)无“王”，唯十(shi)年有(you)。二传以为义。或有(you)“王”字(zi)者非。嬴音盈。）

[疏]注“经之”至“嬴县”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰：桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，凡四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)於(wu)春(chun)(chun)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，虽(sui)(sui)(sui)春(chun)(chun)有(you)(you)(you)月(yue)，悉皆无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。《穀(gu)梁传》曰：“桓(huan)(huan)(huan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)曰王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)何(he)也(ye)(ye)？谨始也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)曰无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)何(he)也(ye)(ye)？桓(huan)(huan)(huan)弟弑兄，臣弑君，天子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)定(ding)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)救，百姓不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)去，以(yi)为无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，遂可(ke)以(yi)至焉(yan)尔。元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)治(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)(yu)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒也(ye)(ye)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)终(zhong)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒也(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，范甯注云(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，以(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)法终(zhong)治(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。”先儒多(duo)用(yong)《穀(gu)梁》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说。贾逵(kui)云(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，弑君，易祊田，成宋乱(luan)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。”元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)治(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)，二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)治(zhi)督，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)曹伯，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)终(zhong)始治(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)。杜以(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)从(cong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出，故以(yi)为王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，史(shi)乃(nai)(nai)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。明此(ci)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)或废(fei)法违常，失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)言(yan)(yan)此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)皆王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)故也(ye)(ye)。刘炫(xuan)规过(guo)云(yun)(yun)：“然(ran)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，经(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)(shi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事(shi)(shi)，何(he)得(de)传无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)异(yi)文？又(you)昭二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)后，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)有(you)(you)(you)子(zi)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)，经(jing)(jing)皆书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，岂是(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)犹(you)(you)能(neng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)？又(you)襄二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)失(shi)闰(run)，杜云(yun)(yun)‘鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)顿(dun)置(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)闰(run)’。又(you)哀(ai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)螽(zhong)，杜云(yun)(yun)‘季孙虽(sui)(sui)(sui)闻仲(zhong)尼(ni)(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)’。如杜所(suo)(suo)注，历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)既(ji)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)何(he)得(de)擅改(gai)(gai)(gai)？又(you)子(zi)朝奔楚，其(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)方定(ding)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位犹(you)(you)且未(wei)定(ding)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所(suo)(suo)奉，复(fu)有(you)(you)(you)何(he)人(ren)尚能(neng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)？昭二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)，乃(nai)(nai)书(shu)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)居于狄泉，则其(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)(chun)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)矣。时(shi)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)出，何(he)故其(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦(yi)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)？若(ruo)春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)必是(shi)(shi)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，则周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)错失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)关(guan)於(wu)鲁(lu)(lu)。鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)或知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)由辄(zhe)得(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。襄二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传称‘司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)过(guo)，再(zai)失(shi)闰(run)’者(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)周司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)？鲁(lu)(lu)司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)？而杜《释(shi)(shi)例》云(yun)(yun)：鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)‘始觉其(qi)(qi)(qi)谬，顿(dun)置(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)闰(run)，以(yi)应天正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)’。若(ruo)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，当一(yi)论王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命，宁敢专置(zhi)(zhi)闰(run)月(yue)、改(gai)(gai)(gai)易岁年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)？哀(ai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)螽(zhong)，仲(zhong)尼(ni)(ni)曰：‘火(huo)犹(you)(you)西流(liu)，司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)。’杜於(wu)《释(shi)(shi)例》又(you)云(yun)(yun)：‘季孙虽(sui)(sui)(sui)闻此(ci)言(yan)(yan)，犹(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即改(gai)(gai)(gai)。明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)复(fu)螽(zhong)，於(wu)是(shi)(shi)始悟。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)，乃(nai)(nai)置(zhi)(zhi)闰(run)，欲以(yi)补(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)时(shi)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。’既(ji)言(yan)(yan)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，又(you)称鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)辄(zhe)改(gai)(gai)(gai)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惮於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，亦(yi)复(fu)何(he)须(xu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)？杜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)自(zi)相(xiang)矛盾，以(yi)此(ci)立(li)说，难得(de)而通。又(you)案《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)文甚(shen)多(duo)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)非一(yi)。亦(yi)如夫人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)氏无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姜，有(you)(you)(you)姜无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏，及大雨霖(lin)、廧咎(jiu)如溃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)阙(que)文耳(er)。”今删定(ding)，知(zhi)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，非是(shi)(shi)经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)文，必以(yi)为失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)，杜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)据(ju)，虽(sui)(sui)(sui)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明文，若(ruo)必阙(que)文，止(zhi)应一(yi)事(shi)(shi)两(liang)事(shi)(shi)而已，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应一(yi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)并阙(que)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)字。杜以(yi)《周礼(li)》有(you)(you)(you)“颁告(gao)朔于邦国都鄙”，以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)成文，故为此(ci)说。但齐桓(huan)(huan)(huan)、晋文以(yi)前(qian)，翼戴天子(zi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)微，犹(you)(you)能(neng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。至灵(ling)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、景(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)后，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)卑微，历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)或诸(zhu)侯(hou)所(suo)(suo)为，亦(yi)遥(yao)禀天子(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)朔，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)子(zi)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)，经(jing)(jing)仍称王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)责人(ren)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)也(ye)(ye)。犹(you)(you)如大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒，公疾(ji)在外，虽(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)小敛(lian)，亦(yi)同书(shu)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限。然(ran)则司(si)(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)，鲁(lu)(lu)史(shi)所(suo)(suo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)，据(ju)此(ci)而言(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)(you)何(he)可(ke)责？刘君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寻(xun)此(ci)旨，横生(sheng)异(yi)同，以(yi)规杜过(guo)，恐非其(qi)(qi)(qi)义也(ye)(ye)。

夏，齐侯、卫侯胥命于蒲。申约，言以相命而不歃血也。蒲，卫地，在陈留长垣县西南。
　　○约，如字(zi)，又於妙(miao)反，歃(sha)，所洽反。垣音(yin)袁。

六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，公会(hui)杞侯于(yu)郕。秋，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，壬(ren)辰朔，日(ri)(ri)有食(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)，既。无传(chuan)。既，尽也(ye)。历(li)家之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，谓日(ri)(ri)光以望时遥夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光，故月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同(tong)会(hui)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)奄日(ri)(ri)，故日(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)有上下者，行(xing)有高(gao)下，日(ri)(ri)光轮存而(er)中食(shi)(shi)(shi)者，相(xiang)奄密，故日(ri)(ri)光溢(yi)出(chu)。皆(jie)既者，正(zheng)相(xiang)当，而(er)相(xiang)奄间疏也(ye)。然圣(sheng)人不言月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)，而(er)以自食(shi)(shi)(shi)为文(wen)，阙於所不见。

[疏]注“既尽”至“不见”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)尽(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云：“既(ji)(ji)(ji)，尽(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体无光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，待(dai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)而(er)(er)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生(sheng)，半照(zhao)即为(wei)弦，全照(zhao)乃成望(wang)(wang)(wang)。望(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)所(suo)照(zhao)，反得夺(duo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，历家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，当(dang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冲(chong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)如(ru)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闇(an)虚(xu)。闇(an)虚(xu)当(dang)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)必灭光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。张衡《灵宪(xian)》曰(yue)：当(dang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冲(chong)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合，是谓闇(an)虚(xu)。在星(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)星(xing)微，遇月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是言(yan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺(duo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)是日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺(duo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)应每望(wang)(wang)(wang)常(chang)(chang)(chang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)度异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)异道(dao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)时(shi)而(er)(er)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)相(xiang)(xiang)犯(fan)，故(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)递(di)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在望(wang)(wang)(wang)前，朔(shuo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在望(wang)(wang)(wang)后，望(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，后月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)正(zheng)在朔(shuo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)前，后望(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)正(zheng)在望(wang)(wang)(wang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)前，后朔(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)率(lv)一百七十(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)馀(yu)而(er)(er)道(dao)始一交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，非交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)侵犯(fan)，故(gu)(gu)朔(shuo)望(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。道(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)斜(xie)照(zhao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)更(geng)盛(sheng)；道(dao)若(ruo)正(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)冲(chong)当(dang)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)即灭。譬(pi)如(ru)火(huo)斜(xie)照(zhao)水，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)斜(xie)照(zhao)镜(jing)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)水镜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)旁照(zhao)他物(wu)。若(ruo)使镜(jing)正(zheng)当(dang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，水正(zheng)当(dang)火(huo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)水镜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)照(zhao)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夺(duo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，亦犹是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同会(hui)，道(dao)度相(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)揜(yan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺(duo)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。言(yan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)所(suo)冲(chong)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体所(suo)映(ying)，故(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)在朔(shuo)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)在望(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)上下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，行有(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)下”，谓月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)，从南(nan)入食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，南(nan)下北高(gao)(gao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)於(wu)下。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北，从北入食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)发於(wu)高(gao)(gao)，是其(qi)(qi)行有(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)下，故(gu)(gu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《异义》云月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亏(kui)(kui)於(wu)上，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亏(kui)(kui)於(wu)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体，大(da)小正(zheng)同。相(xiang)(xiang)揜(yan)密者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二体相(xiang)(xiang)近，正(zheng)映(ying)其(qi)(qi)形，故(gu)(gu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)得溢出而(er)(er)中食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)(xiang)揜(yan)疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二体相(xiang)(xiang)远，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)近而(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)远，自人望(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)映(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)广(guang)，故(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复能(neng)见而(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，实是月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)映(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见。圣人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)来食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，而(er)(er)云有(you)(you)(you)(you)物(wu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以自食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)文，阙於(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

公子翚如齐(qi)逆女(nv)。礼，君有故则使卿逆。

[疏]注“礼君”至“卿逆”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：天(tian)子尊，无(wu)与(yu)敌，不(bu)(bu)自亲(qin)逆(ni)(ni)，使卿(qing)逆(ni)(ni)而(er)上(shang)公(gong)临之(zhi)(zhi)。诸侯则亲(qin)逆(ni)(ni)，有故(gu)(gu)得(de)使卿(qing)。八年“祭公(gong)逆(ni)(ni)王(wang)后于(yu)纪(ji)”，传曰(yue)(yue)“礼(li)(li)也(ye)”。是(shi)当使人，天(tian)子不(bu)(bu)亲(qin)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)。襄(xiang)十(shi)五年传曰(yue)(yue)：“官师从单靖公(gong)逆(ni)(ni)王(wang)后于(yu)齐(qi)，卿(qing)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)，非礼(li)(li)也(ye)。”是(shi)知(zhi)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，当使卿(qing)逆(ni)(ni)而(er)上(shang)公(gong)临之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《礼(li)(li)记·哀(ai)公(gong)问》曰(yue)(yue)：“冕(mian)而(er)亲(qin)迎，不(bu)(bu)已(yi)重乎？”孔子对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)：“合二(er)姓之(zhi)(zhi)好，以继先圣之(zhi)(zhi)后，以为天(tian)地宗庙(miao)社稷之(zhi)(zhi)主，君何谓(wei)已(yi)重乎？”此对(dui)哀(ai)公(gong)指言鲁(lu)事，是(shi)诸侯正礼(li)(li)当亲(qin)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)。庄二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)年“公(gong)如(ru)齐(qi)逆(ni)(ni)女(nv)”，丘明不(bu)(bu)为之(zhi)(zhi)传，以其得(de)礼(li)(li)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。文四(si)(si)年“逆(ni)(ni)妇姜于(yu)齐(qi)”，传曰(yue)(yue)：“卿(qing)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)，非礼(li)(li)也(ye)。”以卿(qing)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)为非礼(li)(li)，知(zhi)君有故(gu)(gu)得(de)使卿(qing)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)。

九月，齐侯送姜氏于讙。讙，鲁地。济北蛇丘县西有下讙亭。已去齐国，故不言女；未至於鲁，故不称夫人。
　　○讙(huan)，呼端反(fan)。蛇，以支反(fan)。公会齐(qi)侯于讙(huan)。无传(chuan)。夫人(ren)姜氏至自齐(qi)。无传(chuan)。告於庙也。不言翚以至者(zhe)，齐(qi)侯送之，公受之於讙(huan)。

冬，齐侯使其弟年来聘。
　　○有年(nian)。无(wu)传。五(wu)穀(gu)皆熟，书“有年(nian)”。

[疏]“有年”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：年(nian)(nian)(nian)训为(wei)(wei)稔。谓岁(sui)为(wei)(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)者，取其岁(sui)穀(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)熟(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。故禾稼既收，农功毕入，以(yi)其岁(sui)丰(feng)於常，故史书“有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”於策。此书“有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”，宣(xuan)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)书“大有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”，《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)皆(jie)熟(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”，“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)大熟(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)大有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”杜取《穀(gu)梁》为(wei)(wei)说(shuo)，其义(yi)亦(yi)当(dang)然也(ye)(ye)。《周礼·疾医(yi)》以(yi)五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)养(yang)病，郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)，麻、黍、稷、麦、豆”，即《月令》五(wu)(wu)时所(suo)食穀(gu)也(ye)(ye)。贾云“桓(huan)恶而有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)丰(feng)，异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)非其所(suo)宜有(you)(you)(you)。案昭元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)：“国无道而年(nian)(nian)(nian)穀(gu)和熟(shu)(shu)，天赞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)岁(sui)丰(feng)为(wei)(wei)佐助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非，妖异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)。君行既恶，泽不(bu)下流，遇有(you)(you)(you)丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，辄(zhe)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)。是则无道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，唯宜有(you)(you)(you)大饥，不(bu)宜有(you)(you)(you)丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，非上天佑(you)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本意也(ye)(ye)。且言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)宜有(you)(you)(you)，传(chuan)无其说(shuo)。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)：“刘、贾、许因有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，大有(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)，有(you)(you)(you)鸲(qu)鹆来(lai)巢，书所(suo)无之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)，以(yi)为(wei)(wei)经(jing)诸言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)，皆(jie)不(bu)宜有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)。”据经(jing)螟螽不(bu)书有(you)(you)(you)，传(chuan)发於鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无鸲(qu)鹆，不(bu)以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)字为(wei)(wei)例(li)也(ye)(ye)。经(jing)书十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月，不(bu)可谓不(bu)宜有(you)(you)(you)此年(nian)(nian)(nian)，不(bu)宜有(you)(you)(you)此月也(ye)(ye)。螟螽俱是非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾，亦(yi)不(bu)可谓其宜有(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)。

【传】三年(nian)春(chun)，曲(qu)沃武(wu)公伐翼，次于陉(xing)庭。韩(han)万(wan)御(yu)戎(rong)，梁弘为右。（武(wu)公，曲(qu)沃庄伯(bo)子也。韩(han)万(wan)，庄伯(bo)弟也。御(yu)戎(rong)，仆(pu)也。右，戎(rong)车(che)之右。）

[疏]注“武公”至“之右”。
　　○正义曰：“武(wu)公，庄伯子”，“韩万，庄伯弟”，《世(shi)(shi)本(ben)》、《世(shi)(shi)家》文也。《周礼》：“戎(rong)(rong)仆掌(zhang)驭戎(rong)(rong)车”，“戎(rong)(rong)右(you)(you)(you)掌(zhang)戎(rong)(rong)车之兵(bing)革使。”故知御为戎(rong)(rong)仆，右(you)(you)(you)是戎(rong)(rong)车之右(you)(you)(you)也。

逐翼侯于汾隰，汾隰，汾水边。
　　○汾，扶云反，汾水名。下湿曰隰(xi)。

[疏]注“汾隰，汾水边”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《释(shi)例》曰(yue)：“汾(fen)(fen)水出大(da)原故汾(fen)(fen)阳县(xian)东(dong)南，至(zhi)晋阳县(xian)西南，经西河(he)平(ping)阳至(zhi)河(he)东(dong)汾(fen)(fen)阳县(xian)入河(he)。”《尔雅·释(shi)地》云(yun)：“下湿曰(yue)隰(xi)。”知汾(fen)(fen)隰(xi)，汾(fen)(fen)水边也。

骖絓而止，骖，騑马。
　　○骖，七南反(fan)。絓，户卦(gua)反(fan)。騑(fei)，芳非反(fan)。

[疏]注“骖，騑马”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《说(shuo)文》云“騑(fei)，骖(can)(can)，旁(pang)马(ma)(ma)”。是騑(fei)、骖(can)(can)为(wei)(wei)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。初(chu)驾马(ma)(ma)者，以(yi)二(er)马(ma)(ma)夹辕(yuan)而已，又驾一马(ma)(ma)，以(yi)两(liang)(liang)服为(wei)(wei)参，故谓(wei)之(zhi)骖(can)(can)。又驾一马(ma)(ma)，乃谓(wei)之(zhi)驷(si)。故《说(shuo)文》云：“骖(can)(can)。驾三马(ma)(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，驷(si)，一乘也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”两(liang)(liang)服为(wei)(wei)主，以(yi)渐参之(zhi)，两(liang)(liang)旁(pang)二(er)马(ma)(ma)遂名为(wei)(wei)骖(can)(can)。故总举一乘则谓(wei)之(zhi)驷(si)，指其騑(fei)马(ma)(ma)则谓(wei)之(zhi)骖(can)(can)。《诗》称(cheng)“两(liang)(liang)骖(can)(can)如舞”，二(er)马(ma)(ma)皆(jie)称(cheng)骖(can)(can)。《礼(li)记(ji)》称(cheng)“说(shuo)骖(can)(can)而赙之(zhi)”。一马(ma)(ma)亦(yi)称(cheng)骖(can)(can)，是本其初(chu)参，遂以(yi)为(wei)(wei)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。骖(can)(can)马(ma)(ma)在衡外挽靷，每絓於(wu)木(mu)，由颈(jing)不当衡故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。名騑(fei)者，以(yi)驷(si)马(ma)(ma)有騑(fei)騑(fei)之(zhi)容。故《少(shao)仪》云“騑(fei)騑(fei)翼(yi)翼(yi)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

夜获之，及栾共叔。共叔，桓叔之傅，栾宾之子也，身傅翼侯。父子各殉所奉之主，故并见获而死。
　　○共音恭，注同。殉(xun)，似(si)俊反(fan)。

“会于嬴”，成昏于齐也。公不由媒介，自与齐侯会而成昏，非礼也。
　　○介音界。

[疏]注“公不”至“礼也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：此成昏谓聘文(wen)姜也(ye)。《诗》剌鲁桓公(gong)不(bu)(bu)能禁制文(wen)姜，云(yun)：“取(qu)妻如(ru)之何？匪(fei)媒不(bu)(bu)得(de)。既曰(yue)得(de)止(zhi)，曷又极止(zhi)。”言桓公(gong)以媒得(de)文(wen)姜。此云(yun)不(bu)(bu)由媒者，公(gong)亲会齐侯，必无媒也(ye)。《诗》举正法以剌上，传据实(shi)事(shi)以解经，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)耳。

“夏，齐侯(hou)、卫侯(hou)胥命于蒲”，不(bu)盟也。

“公会(hui)杞(qi)侯于郕”，杞(qi)求成也(ye)。二年入(ru)祀，故(gu)今来(lai)求成。

“秋，公子翚如齐逆女”，修先君之好，故曰“公子”。昏礼虽奉时君之命，其言必称先君以为礼辞。故公子翚逆女，传称修先君之好；公子遂逆女，传称尊君命。互举其义。
　　○好，呼(hu)报反，注(zhu)同。

[疏]注“昏礼”至“其义”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：公子(zi)遂(sui)(sui)逆女(nv)，传(chuan)言尊(zun)君(jun)(jun)命，是(shi)(shi)(shi)奉时(shi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)。此言“脩先君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)好”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)先君(jun)(jun)为辞也(ye)(ye)。翚(hui)、遂(sui)(sui)俱是(shi)(shi)(shi)逆女(nv)，传(chuan)文各言其(qi)(qi)一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)互(hu)举其(qi)(qi)义。《昏(hun)礼》纳采辞曰(yue)：“某(mou)有先人之(zhi)(zhi)礼使(shi)某(mou)也(ye)(ye)，请纳采。”其(qi)(qi)纳徵(zhi)辞曰(yue)：“某(mou)有先人之(zhi)(zhi)礼使(shi)某(mou)也(ye)(ye)，请纳徵(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)男(nan)家(jia)辞也(ye)(ye)。主人醴(li)宾辞曰(yue)：“子(zi)为事故至於某(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)室，某(mou)有先人之(zhi)(zhi)礼，请醴(li)从者。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)女(nv)家(jia)辞也(ye)(ye)。彼士礼也(ye)(ye)，故称(cheng)先人。若诸侯，则称(cheng)先君(jun)(jun)。以(yi)此知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)言必称(cheng)先君(jun)(jun)以(yi)为礼辞。

“齐侯送姜氏”，非礼也。凡公女嫁于敌国，姊妹，则上卿送之，以礼於先君；公子，则下卿送之。於大国，虽公子，亦上卿送之。於天子，则诸卿皆行，公不自送。於小国，则上大夫送之。
　　○“齐(qi)侯送(song)姜(jiang)氏”，本或作“送(song)姜(jiang)氏于讙”。公子(zi)则下卿送(song)。公子(zi)，公女(nv)。

[疏]“凡公”至“送之”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：昏以相敌为(wei)耦，先(xian)以敌国(guo)为(wei)文，然(ran)后於大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)小(xiao)国(guo)辨其所异。姊妹(mei)於敌国(guo)，犹上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卿(qing)(qing)送(song)之(zhi)，於大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)则(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卿(qing)(qing)必矣。且姊妹(mei)礼於先(xian)君(jun)，不以所嫁(jia)轻重，虽则(ze)小(xiao)国(guo)，亦使上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卿(qing)(qing)送(song)也(ye)。“於小(xiao)国(guo)，则(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)送(song)之(zhi)”，文承“公(gong)子”之(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，谓送(song)公(gong)子，非送(song)姊妹(mei)也(ye)。《周礼》序(xu)官唯有中大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)，无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)。《礼记·王制》曰(yue)：“诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)卿(qing)(qing)。”郑(zheng)玄云“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)曰(yue)卿(qing)(qing)”，则(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)即卿(qing)(qing)也(ye)，又无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)矣。而(er)此云上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)者，诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)制，三(san)(san)卿(qing)(qing)、五大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。五人之(zhi)中，又复分(fen)(fen)为(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)。成三(san)(san)年传曰(yue)：“次国(guo)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卿(qing)(qing)当大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)之(zhi)中，中当其下(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)当其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。小(xiao)国(guo)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卿(qing)(qing)当大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)之(zhi)下(xia)(xia)卿(qing)(qing)，中当其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)，下(xia)(xia)当其下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。”是(shi)分(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)为(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)。

冬，齐仲(zhong)年来聘(pin)，致夫人(ren)也。古(gu)者女出(chu)(chu)嫁，又使大(da)夫随加(jia)聘(pin)问，存谦敬，序殷勤也。在鲁而出(chu)(chu)，则曰致女；在他国而来，则总曰聘(pin)。故传以致夫人(ren)释之。

[疏]注“古者”至“释之”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：经书“来(lai)聘”，传言“致夫(fu)人”，是(shi)行聘礼而(er)致之也。故(gu)知使(shi)大夫(fu)随(sui)加(jia)聘问(wen)，得(de)所以(yi)存谦敬，序殷(yin)勤也。其(qi)意言不堪(kan)事宗(zong)庙，则欲以(yi)之归也。成(cheng)九年，“季孙行父如宋致女(nv)”，与此(ci)事同而(er)文异，故(gu)辨(bian)之，云“在(zai)鲁而(er)出，则曰(yue)致女(nv)，在(zai)他国而(er)来(lai)，则总曰(yue)聘”。是(shi)详内略外之文。传嫌其(qi)不同，故(gu)以(yi)“致夫(fu)人”释之。

芮伯万之母芮姜恶芮伯之多宠人也，故逐之，出居于魏。为明年秦侵芮张本。芮国在冯翊临晋县。魏国，河东河北县。
　　○芮(rui)，如锐(rui)反，国名(ming)。恶，乌(wu)路反。翊音翼(yi)。

[疏]注“为明”至“北县”。
　　○正义曰：《地(di)理志》云“冯(feng)翊临晋县芮乡(xiang)，故芮国也(ye)。河东(dong)郡河北县，《诗》魏(wei)国也(ye)”。《世本(ben)》：芮、魏(wei)皆(jie)姬姓。《尚书·顾命》：成(cheng)王将崩(beng)，有芮伯为卿士(shi)。名(ming)谥不见。魏(wei)之初封，不知何人？闵元年晋献公灭(mie)魏(wei)，芮则不知谁灭(mie)之。

【经】四年，春，正月，公狩于郎。（冬猎曰狩，行三驱之礼，得田狩之时，故传曰：“书时，礼也。周之春，夏之冬也。田狩从夏时，郎非国内之狩地，故书地。
　　○狩，手又反。夏，户雅反，下同。）

[疏(shu)]注“冬(dong)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)”至(zhi)“书(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)”。正义曰(yue)：“冬(dong)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)曰(yue)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)”，《尔(er)雅·释天》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易·比(bi)卦·九五》“王(wang)用三(san)驱(qu)，失(shi)前(qian)禽”，郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)习兵於蒐狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，驱(qu)禽而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)，则已法军礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。失(shi)前(qian)禽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓禽在前(qian)来(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)逆(ni)而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，旁(pang)去又不(bu)射(she)，唯背走(zou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，顺而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)中则已。是(shi)(shi)其(qi)所以(yi)失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。用兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。降者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)杀，奔(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)御，皆(jie)为敌(di)不(bu)敌(di)，己(ji)加以(yi)仁恩养威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”。是(shi)(shi)说三(san)驱(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，唯有(you)(you)三(san)驱(qu)。故知(zhi)行三(san)驱(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正礼，得田猎(lie)(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)时(shi)。故传(chuan)曰(yue)：“书(shu)(shu)时(shi)，礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”善其(qi)得时(shi)明礼，皆(jie)无违矣。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春正月(yue)建子，即是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仲(zhong)冬(dong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼·大司马(ma)》：“中冬(dong)教(jiao)大阅，遂以(yi)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)田”，是(shi)(shi)田狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)从夏(xia)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)：“三(san)王(wang)异正朔，而(er)夏(xia)数(shu)为得天。虽在周(zhou)代，於言(yan)时(shi)举事，皆(jie)据夏(xia)正。故公以(yi)春狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，而(er)传(chuan)曰(yue)：‘书(shu)(shu)时(shi)，礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”隐五年(nian)(nian)“公矢(shi)鱼于(yu)棠”，传(chuan)曰(yue)“言(yan)远地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。僖二十八年(nian)(nian)，“天王(wang)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)于(yu)河阳”，传(chuan)曰(yue)“言(yan)非其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。举地(di)(di)(di)名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)言(yan)其(qi)非地(di)(di)(di)。故知(zhi)此郎，非国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)，故书(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)，大野(ye)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。哀十四年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)“西狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)於大野(ye)”，经(jing)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)大野(ye)，明其(qi)得常(chang)地(di)(di)(di)，故不(bu)书(shu)(shu)耳。由(you)此而(er)言(yan)，则狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)于(yu)禚，蒐于(yu)红，及比(bi)蒲昌间，皆(jie)非常(chang)地(di)(di)(di)，故书(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)须有(you)(you)常(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)民多地(di)(di)(di)狭，唯在山泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间乃有(you)(you)不(bu)殖(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，故天子、诸(zhu)侯必(bi)於其(qi)封内(nei)择隙地(di)(di)(di)而(er)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。僖三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)：“郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)原圃，犹(you)秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)具囿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)诸(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)有(you)(you)常(chang)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，违其(qi)常(chang)处则犯害(hai)居民。故书(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)讥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

夏，天王使宰渠伯纠来聘。宰，官；渠，氏；伯纠，名也。王官之宰，当以才授位，而伯纠摄父之职，出聘列国，故书名以讥之。国史之记，必书年以集此公之事，书首时以成此年之岁，故《春秋》有空时而无事者。今不书秋冬首月，史阙文。他皆放此。
　　○纠(jiu)，居(ju)黝反。

[疏]注“宰官”至“放此”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《周礼(li)·天官(guan)》有大(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)、小宰(zai)(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，知(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)官(guan)也。传言“父(fu)在(zai)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”。知(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，自然(ran)渠为氏(shi)矣。《周礼(li)》：大(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)，卿(qing)；小宰(zai)(zai)(zai)，中大(da)(da)(da)夫；宰(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)夫。未(wei)(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)何宰(zai)(zai)(zai)也。贬(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃书(shu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，间於(wu)法当书(shu)字(zi)。但(dan)中、下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)夫例皆书(shu)字(zi)，则(ze)此宰(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)犹未(wei)(wei)可量。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)注直言王(wang)(wang)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)，不指(zhi)小宰(zai)(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，慎(shen)疑故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也。《诗》称“济济多士(shi)”，书(shu)戒无旷庶(shu)官(guan)，为政(zheng)有三，择人为急。王(wang)(wang)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)，当以才(cai)授位，今(jin)其父(fu)居官(guan)而使子(zi)(zi)摄职，是(shi)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)轻侮爵位，遭人则(ze)可故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)以讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。纠(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出聘(pin)(pin)，事由於(wu)王(wang)(wang)；而贬(bian)(bian)纠(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)，王(wang)(wang)不应(ying)授纠(jiu)(jiu)，纠(jiu)(jiu)不应(ying)受使，二(er)者(zhe)俱有其过(guo)，贬(bian)(bian)纠(jiu)(jiu)亦所以责(ze)王(wang)(wang)，如宰(zai)(zai)(zai)咺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比也。《春(chun)秋》编年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)，四时毕具，乃得为年。此无秋、冬，知(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)史阙文也。旧史先阙，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)仲尼因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《膏(gao)肓》何休以为《左氏(shi)》宰(zai)(zai)(zai)渠伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)“父(fu)在(zai)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”，仍(reng)叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)何以不名(ming)(ming)(ming)？又(you)仍(reng)叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，以为“父(fu)在(zai)，称子(zi)(zi)”，伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)父(fu)在(zai)，何以不称子(zi)(zi)？郑(zheng)箴(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)：“仍(reng)叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，讥(ji)其幼(you)弱，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略(lve)言子(zi)(zi)，不名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至於(wu)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)堪聘(pin)(pin)事私(si)觌(di)，又(you)不失子(zi)(zi)道(dao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)且字(zi)也。”郑(zheng)氏(shi)所箴(zhen)与(yu)杜同。云(yun)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)(jiu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)且字(zi)非杜义。

【传】四年，春(chun)，正月，公狩于郎(lang)。书时(shi)，礼(li)也(ye)。（郎(lang)非(fei)狩地，故(gu)书时(shi)合礼(li)。）

[疏]注“郎非”至“合礼”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：春秋之世，狩(shou)猎(lie)多矣！见(jian)於(wu)经者(zhe)无数事焉，良(liang)由(you)得(de)时(shi)得(de)地(di)则(ze)常事不书(shu)故(gu)也。以(yi)获麟在於(wu)大野(ye)，得(de)地(di)则(ze)不书(shu)其地(di)，知(zhi)地(di)、时(shi)并得(de)，则(ze)例皆不书(shu)。此(ci)书(shu)“公(gong)狩(shou)于郎”，必是有所讥(ji)(ji)剌(la)(la)。所剌(la)(la)之意，在於(wu)失常地(di)也。但传於(wu)棠(tang)与河阳，已云“言(yan)非(fei)(fei)其地(di)”，则(ze)非(fei)(fei)地(di)之责(ze)於(wu)理巳见(jian)；而此(ci)狩(shou)得(de)时(shi)，恐并时(shi)亦剌(la)(la)，駮出(chu)合(he)礼(li)(li)，而非(fei)(fei)礼(li)(li)自明。故(gu)注申其意，言(yan)郎非(fei)(fei)狩(shou)地(di)，唯(wei)时(shi)合(he)礼(li)(li)。以(yi)时(shi)合(he)礼(li)(li)，地(di)非(fei)(fei)礼(li)(li)也。《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue)：“常事不书(shu)，此(ci)何以(yi)书(shu)？讥(ji)(ji)，何讥(ji)(ji)尔？远也。”《公(gong)羊》说诸侯游(you)戏不得(de)过郊(jiao)，故(gu)有远近之言(yan)。左氏无此(ci)义(yi)。要(yao)言(yan)远者(zhe)，亦是讥(ji)(ji)其失常地(di)也。

夏，周宰渠伯纠(jiu)来(lai)聘。父在，故名。

秋，秦师侵芮(rui)(rui)，败焉，小之(zhi)也。秦以芮(rui)(rui)小，轻之(zhi)，故(gu)为芮(rui)(rui)所败。

冬，王师(shi)、秦师(shi)围(wei)魏，执芮伯以(yi)归。三年，芮伯出居魏，芮更立(li)君。秦为芮所败(bai)，故以(yi)芮伯归，将欲纳(na)之(zhi)。

【经】五年，春，正月，甲戌，已丑，陈侯鲍卒。（未同盟而书名者，来赴以名故也。甲戌，前年十二月二十一日。已丑，此年正月六日。陈乱，故再赴。赴虽曰异，而皆以正月起文，故但书正月。慎疑审事，故从、赴两书。
　　○鲍，步(bu)饱(bao)反。）

[疏]注“未同”至“两书”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：僖二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)传例曰(yue)：“赴(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)名，则亦书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”检经、传，鲁未与(yu)陈盟而(er)书(shu)鲍(bao)名，知其来赴(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)名故(gu)也。隐八年(nian)(nian)“蔡侯(hou)考父卒(zu)”，注云(yun)(yun)：“盖春秋前与(yu)惠(hui)公(gong)盟，故(gu)赴(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)名。”案《史(shi)记·年(nian)(nian)表(biao)》，隐之(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)是陈桓公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)，则桓公(gong)亦得与(yu)惠(hui)公(gong)盟。而(er)云(yun)(yun)未同盟者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)蔡侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)去惠(hui)尚近，故(gu)疑与(yu)惠(hui)公(gong)盟。此(ci)去惠(hui)公(gong)年(nian)(nian)月己(ji)远(yuan)，且自隐公(gong)以(yi)(yi)来陈、鲁未尝(chang)交好，於(wu)惠(hui)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)世亦似无盟，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)未同盟解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)也。以(yi)(yi)《长历》推之(zhi)(zhi)，知甲戌、己(ji)丑别月，而(er)赴(fu)(fu)者(zhe)并言(yan)正月，故(gu)两(liang)书(shu)其日(ri)而(er)共言(yan)正月。若其各以(yi)(yi)月赴(fu)(fu)，亦应两(liang)书(shu)其月。但(dan)此(ci)异年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)事，设令(ling)两(liang)以(yi)(yi)月赴(fu)(fu)，则当(dang)以(yi)(yi)四年(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)十(shi)二月甲戌陈侯(hou)鲍(bao)卒(zu)；五年(nian)(nian)正月己(ji)丑陈侯(hou)鲍(bao)卒(zu)。

夏，齐(qi)侯、郑伯如纪。外相(xiang)朝皆言如。齐(qi)欲灭纪，纪人(ren)惧而来告，故(gu)书。

[疏]注“外相”至“故书”。
　　○正义曰：传言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，经言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)。知如(ru)(ru)(ru)即(ji)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)也(ye)。下文“州公如(ru)(ru)(ru)曹”与此相类，故(gu)云“外(wai)相朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)皆言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)”也(ye)。鲁出(chu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘(pin)，例言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，独言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)外(wai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)，经有“公朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)所”，以(yi)不(bu)尽云公如(ru)(ru)(ru)，故(gu)独云外(wai)也(ye)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘(pin)而(er)(er)谓之如(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)，《尔(er)雅·释(shi)诂》云：“如(ru)(ru)(ru)，往(wang)也(ye)”。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)，两(liang)君相见，揖让两(liang)楹之间。聘(pin)者(zhe)，使卿通问邻(lin)国(guo)，执圭(gui)以(yi)致君命，据行礼(li)(li)而(er)(er)为(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)。鲁之君臣出(chu)適(shi)他国(guo)，始行即(ji)书於策，未知成礼(li)(li)与否。经每有在涂乃复，是礼(li)(li)未必成，故(gu)直(zhi)云如(ru)(ru)(ru)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其往(wang)彼国(guo)耳(er)，不(bu)果必成朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘(pin)也(ye)。公朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)所，则朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)讫(qi)乃书，故(gu)指(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之。此齐、郑朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)纪，亦应朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)讫(qi)乃告。但略外(wai)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)耳(er)。外(wai)相朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)例不(bu)书，而(er)(er)此独书者(zhe)，传言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“欲以(yi)袭纪，纪人(ren)知之”。明其惧(ju)而(er)(er)告鲁，故(gu)书也(ye)。

天王使仍叔(shu)之(zhi)子来聘。仍叔(shu)，天子之(zhi)大(da)夫，称仍叔(shu)之(zhi)子，本於父字，幼弱(ruo)之(zhi)辞(ci)也。讥使童子出聘。

[疏]注“仍叔”至“出聘”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：天子(zi)大夫例(li)皆(jie)书字，仍(reng)氏(shi)叔(shu)字，知是天子(zi)大夫也。《公羊》、《穀梁》皆(jie)以仍(reng)叔(shu)之(zhi)子(zi)为父老代(dai)(dai)父从政，左(zuo)氏(shi)直云(yun)弱(ruo)(ruo)也。言其幼弱(ruo)(ruo)，不言父在，则是代(dai)(dai)父嗣位，非(fei)父在也。伯纠身未(wei)居官，摄(she)行父事，故(gu)称名(ming)以贬之(zhi)。此子(zi)虽己嗣位，而未(wei)堪从政，故(gu)系父以讥之(zhi)。讥王(wang)使(shi)童子(zi)出聘(pin)也。苏氏(shi)用《公羊》、《穀梁》之(zhi)义(yi)，以为父老来聘(pin)，非(fei)父没。义(yi)或当然。

葬陈桓公。无传。

城(cheng)祝丘。无传(chuan)。齐、郑将(jiang)袭纪故。

秋，蔡人、卫人、陈人从王伐郑。王自为伐郑之主，君臣之辞也。王师败不书，不以告。
　　○从，如字(zi)，又才用反。

大雩。传例曰：书，不时也。失龙见之时。
　　○雩(yu)音于，祭名。见，贤遍反。

螽。无传。蚣蝑之属为灾，故书。
　　○螽音终。蚣(gong)，相容反(fan)。蝑，相鱼(yu)反(fan)。

[疏]注“蚣蝑”至“故书”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《释蟲》云(yun)(yun)：“蜇螽(zhong)，蜙蝑(xu)(xu)。”杨雄《方(fang)言(yan)》云(yun)(yun)：“舂(chong)黍谓之(zhi)(zhi)蚣蝑(xu)(xu)。”陆机(ji)《毛诗疏》云(yun)(yun)：“幽州人谓之(zhi)(zhi)舂(chong)箕(ji)。舂(chong)箕(ji)即舂(chong)黍，蝗类也。长而青，股鸣者。或谓似蝗而小，班黑(hei)，其股状如玳瑁叉，五(wu)月中，以两股相切(qie)作声，闻十数(shu)步。”《尔雅(ya)》又有(you)蟿螽(zhong)、土螽(zhong)。樊尤(you)云(yun)(yun)皆蜙蝑(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)属。然则螽(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)种(zhong)类多，故言(yan)属以包之(zhi)(zhi)。传称(cheng)“凡物不为灾，不书”。知此为灾，故书。

冬，州公如曹。不书奔，以朝出也。为下实来书也。曹国，今济阴定陶县。
　　○陶，同(tong)劳反。

[疏]“州公如曹”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼》：公之地封疆方五百里，侯四百里，伯三百里，子二百里，男一百里。隐五年《公羊传》曰：“天子三公称公，王者之后称公，其馀大国称侯，小国称伯、子、男。”然则三公之外，爵称公者，唯二王之后杞与宋耳。此“州公”及僖五年“晋人执虞公”并是。小国而得称公者，郑玄《王制》注以为殷地三等：百里，七十里，五十里。武王克殷，虽制五等之爵，而因殷三等之地。及周公制礼，大国五百里，小国百里。所因殷之诸侯亦以功黜陟之。其不满者，皆益之地为百里焉。是以周世有爵尊而国小，爵卑而国大者。言爵尊国小，盖指此州公、虞公也。案虞是克商始封，非为殷之馀国。郑玄之言不可通於此矣。杜之所解，亦无明言。唯《世族谱》云：“虞，姬姓。武王克商，封虞仲之庶孙以为虞仲之后，处中国为西吴，后世谓之虞公。”服虔云春秋前，以黜陟之法进爵为公，未知孰是？或可尝为三公之官，若虢公之属，故称公也。以其无文，故备言之。刘炫难服云：周法，二王之后乃得称公。虽复周公、大公之勋，齐桓、晋文之霸，位止通侯，未升上等。州有何功，得迁公爵？若其爵得称公，土亦应广，安得爵为上公，地仍小国？若地被兼，黜爵，亦宜减，安得地既削小，爵尚尊崇？此则理之不通也。
　　○注“不书”至“陶县”。
　　○正义曰：如者，朝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)朝出国(guo)，不得书(shu)奔，外朝不书(shu)，以(yi)因(yin)来向鲁(lu)，故书(shu)其本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世本》：州(zhou)国(guo)姜姓(xing)，曹国(guo)伯(bo)爵。《谱》云：“曹，姬姓(xing)，文王子(zi)叔(shu)振(zhen)铎之(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)(ye)。武王封之(zhi)陶丘，今(jin)济阴(yin)定陶县是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。桓公三十五年，鲁(lu)隐公之(zhi)元(yuan)年也(ye)(ye)(ye)。伯(bo)阳(yang)立十五年，鲁(lu)哀公之(zhi)八年，而宋灭(mie)曹。”《地理(li)志》云：济阴(yin)郡定陶县。”《诗》曹国(guo)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

【传】“五年，春，正月，甲戌，已丑，陈侯鲍卒”。再赴也。於是陈乱，文公子佗杀太子免而代之。（佗，桓公弟五父也。称文公子，明佗非桓公母弟也。免，桓公大子。
　　○佗，大河反。免音(yin)问(wen)。父音(yin)甫。公(gong)疾(ji)病而乱(luan)作，国人分散，故再(zai)赴。）

[疏]“公疾病”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：郑玄《论语》注云：“病谓疾益(yi)困(kun)也。”

夏，齐(qi)侯、郑伯(bo)朝于纪(ji)，欲以袭之(zhi)。纪(ji)人知之(zhi)。

王夺郑伯政，郑伯不朝。夺，不使知王政。
　　○袭音习。

[疏]注“夺，不使知王政”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：隐(yin)三年传称“王(wang)(wang)(wang)贰于虢(guo)”，谓欲分(fen)政(zheng)(zheng)於虢(guo)，不复(fu)(fu)专(zhuan)任郑伯(bo)(bo)也。及平(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)崩，周人(ren)将(jiang)畀虢(guo)公(gong)政(zheng)(zheng)，即周郑交恶，未得(de)与(yu)之。八(ba)年传曰(yue)(yue)：“虢(guo)公(gong)忌父始(shi)作(zuo)卿(qing)士于周。”於是始(shi)与(yu)之政(zheng)(zheng)，共郑伯(bo)(bo)分(fen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)矣。九年传曰(yue)(yue)：“郑伯(bo)(bo)为王(wang)(wang)(wang)左卿(qing)士。”然(ran)则(ze)虢(guo)公(gong)为右(you)卿(qing)士，与(yu)郑伯(bo)(bo)夹辅王(wang)(wang)(wang)也。此言王(wang)(wang)(wang)夺郑伯(bo)(bo)政(zheng)(zheng)，全夺与(yu)虢(guo)，不使郑伯(bo)(bo)复(fu)(fu)知(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)，故郑伯(bo)(bo)积恨，不复(fu)(fu)朝王(wang)(wang)(wang)。

秋，王以诸侯伐郑，郑伯御之。王为中军；虢公林父将右军，蔡人、卫人属焉；虢公林父，王卿士。
　　○将，音子匠反，下及注“大将”同。周公黑肩将左军，陈人属焉。黑肩，周桓公也。郑子元请为左拒，以当蔡人、卫人；子元，郑公子。拒，方陈。
　　○拒，俱甫反，下同。陈，直觐反，下文“之陈”反，注同。为右拒，以当陈人，曰：“陈乱，民莫有斗心。若先犯之，必奔。王卒顾之，必乱。蔡、卫不枝，固将先奔。不能相枝持也。
　　○卒，尊忽反，下同。既而萃於王卒，可以集事。”从之。萃，聚也。集，成也。
　　○萃，似类反。曼伯为右拒，曼伯，檀伯。
　　○曼音万。

[疏]注“曼伯檀伯”。
　　○正义曰：十五年(nian)传(chuan)曰：“郑(zheng)伯(bo)因栎人杀(sha)檀伯(bo)。”昭十一年(nian)传(chuan)曰：“郑(zheng)京(jing)、栎实杀(sha)曼伯(bo)。”知一人也。

祭仲足为左拒，原繁、高渠弥以中军奉公，为鱼丽之陈。先偏后伍，伍承弥缝。《司马法》：车战二十五乘为偏，以车居前，以伍次之，承偏之隙而弥缝阙漏也。五人为伍，此盖鱼丽陈法。
　　○丽(li)，力之反，注同。缝，扶容(rong)反。乘，绳证反。

[疏]注“司马”至“陈法”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《史记(ji)》称(cheng)齐(qi)景公之时，有(you)田穰苴善(shan)用兵，景公尊之，位为大司(si)马(ma)。六(liu)国时，齐(qi)威(wei)(wei)王用兵行(xing)威(wei)(wei)，大放穰苴之法，乃使大夫追论(lun)古者(zhe)司(si)马(ma)兵法，而附穰苴其中，凡一(yi)百(bai)五十篇，号(hao)曰《司(si)马(ma)法》。“车战二十五乘为偏”，是彼文也。“五人为伍”，《周(zhou)礼(li)·司(si)马(ma)序官》文也。

战于繻葛。繻葛，郑地。
　　○繻音须。命二拒曰：“旝动而鼓！”旝，旃也，通帛为之，盖今大将之麾也，执以为号令。
　　○旝(guai)，古外反，又古活反，本亦作桧。建(jian)大(da)木，置石其上，发(fa)机以磓敌。麾，许危(wei)反。

[疏]注“旝旃”至“号令”。
　　○正义曰：旝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)旃(zhan)，事无(wu)所(suo)出，说(shuo)者(zhe)相传(chuan)为(wei)(wei)然。成二年(nian)传(chuan)：张侯曰：“师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)目，在(zai)吾(wu)旗(qi)鼓(gu)，进退从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)在(zai)军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，视将旗(qi)以(yi)(yi)进退也。今命二拒，命旝动(dong)而(er)鼓(gu)，望旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)，鼓(gu)以(yi)(yi)进兵(bing)。明旝是(shi)可观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。又旝字(zi)从<方人(ren)>，旌旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)知旝为(wei)(wei)旃(zhan)也。《周礼·司常(chang)》“通帛为(wei)(wei)<巾亶>”，故(gu)(gu)云通帛为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓通用一绛帛，无(wu)画饰(shi)也。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云：“凡(fan)旌旗(qi)，有军众者(zhe)画异物，无(wu)者(zhe)帛而(er)已。”乡遂(sui)大(da)夫，或(huo)载<巾亶>，或(huo)载物，众属军吏(li)无(wu)所(suo)将。如(ru)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，则将不(bu)得建(jian)(jian)(jian)旃(zhan)。而(er)此(ci)军得有旃(zhan)者(zhe)，僖二十八(ba)年(nian)传(chuan)曰：“城濮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战，晋中军风于(yu)泽，亡大(da)旆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)旃(zhan)。”是(shi)知战必有旃(zhan)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)旝为(wei)(wei)旃(zhan)也。郑(zheng)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，自谓治兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时出军所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)废(fei)战陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)犹自用旃(zhan)指麾(hui)。今时为(wei)(wei)军，犹以(yi)(yi)旌麾(hui)号令，故(gu)(gu)云“盖今大(da)将之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麾(hui)，执以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)号令也”。贾(jia)逵以(yi)(yi)旝为(wei)(wei)发(fa)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，一曰飞石(shi)(shi)(shi)，引《范蠡兵(bing)法(fa)》作飞石(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事以(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《说(shuo)文》亦云“建(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)木，置石(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)上(shang)，发(fa)其(qi)(qi)机以(yi)(yi)追敌”，与贾(jia)同也。案《范蠡兵(bing)法(fa)》虽有飞石(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，不(bu)言名为(wei)(wei)旝也。发(fa)石(shi)(shi)(shi)非旌旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比。《说(shuo)文》载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)<方人(ren)>部(bu)，而(er)以(yi)(yi)飞石(shi)(shi)(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)(wei)不(bu)类(lei)矣。且三军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众，人(ren)多路远，发(fa)石(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)可见(jian)！而(er)使二拒准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)击鼓(gu)候也。注以(yi)(yi)旃(zhan)说(shuo)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

蔡、卫、陈皆奔，王卒乱，郑师合以攻之，王卒大败。祝聃射王中肩，王亦能军。虽军败身伤，犹殿而不奔，故言能军。
　　○射，食亦反。中，丁仲反。殿，多见反。祝聃请从之。公曰：“君子不欲多上人，况敢陵天子乎？苟自救也，社稷无陨，多矣。”郑於此收兵自退。
　　○陨，于敏反。夜，郑伯使祭足劳王，且问左右。祭足即祭仲之字，盖名仲，字仲足也。“劳王”，“问左右”，言郑志在苟免，王讨之非也。
　　○劳(lao)，力报反，注同。名仲(zhong)字仲(zhong)足，一本作名仲(zhong)字足。

[疏]注“祭足”至“非也”。
　　○正义曰：隐元(yuan)年传称(cheng)“祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)”，上云(yun)祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)(zu)。此(ci)云(yun)祭(ji)(ji)足(zu)(zu)(zu)。十一年传云(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)封人(ren)仲(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)(zu)。”此(ci)人(ren)虽名(ming)字(zi)(zi)(zi)互(hu)见，而(er)(er)不知孰(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)孰(shu)名(ming)。《公羊》以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)为字(zi)(zi)(zi)。左氏先儒亦以(yi)(yi)为字(zi)(zi)(zi)。但《春秋》之(zhi)例(li)，诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)卿嘉(jia)之(zhi)乃书字(zi)(zi)(zi)。十一年经(jing)书祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)(er)事无可嘉(jia)。注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)为名(ming)，故云(yun)“名(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)仲(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)(zu)”。《释(shi)例(li)》曰：“伯(bo)(bo)、仲(zhong)(zhong)、叔(shu)、季，固人(ren)字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)常，然古今亦有以(yi)(yi)为名(ming)者，而(er)(er)《公羊》守株，专谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)氏以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)为字(zi)(zi)(zi)。既谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，无辞以(yi)(yi)善之(zhi)，因讬(tuo)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)权。人(ren)臣而(er)(er)善其行(xing)权逐君，是乱人(ren)伦坏(huai)大教也。说(shuo)《左氏》者，知其不可，更云(yun)郑人(ren)嘉(jia)之(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)告，故书字(zi)(zi)(zi)。此(ci)为因有告命之(zhi)例(li)，欲以(yi)(yi)苟免(mian)，未是《春秋》之(zhi)实也。宰渠伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)、萧叔(shu)大心皆以(yi)(yi)伯(bo)(bo)、叔(shu)为名(ming)，则仲(zhong)(zhong)亦名(ming)也。传又曰祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，或偏(pian)称(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)，或偏(pian)称(cheng)足(zu)(zu)(zu)，盖名(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)，字(zi)(zi)(zi)足(zu)(zu)(zu)也。”是辨(bian)其名(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)意(yi)(yi)也。凡传所记事，必有意(yi)(yi)存焉。此(ci)丁(ding)宁(ning)说(shuo)郑，言其志(zhi)在苟免(mian)。知其意(yi)(yi)言王讨之(zhi)非也。

仍叔之(zhi)子(zi)，弱也。仍叔之(zhi)子(zi)来聘，童子(zi)将命，无速反之(zhi)心(xin)，久留在鲁，故经书(shu)夏(xia)聘，传(chuan)释之(zhi)於末秋。

[疏]注“仍叔”至“末秋”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：此(ci)子来(lai)聘，传(chuan)虽不言(yan)聘意，盖为将伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)而遣告鲁(lu)也。经在(zai)伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)之(zhi)上，传(chuan)在(zai)伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)之(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，明其必有(you)深意。故注者原之(zhi)，以为“童子将命，无速反之(zhi)心，久留在(zai)鲁(lu)。故经书夏(xia)聘，传(chuan)释(shi)之(zhi)於末(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)”，讥其夏(xia)至而秋(qiu)(qiu)末(mo)反也。下(xia)(xia)句更(geng)言(yan)“秋(qiu)(qiu)，大雩”，则秋(qiu)(qiu)未为末(mo)。注云末(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)者，上有(you)“秋(qiu)(qiu)，王(wang)以诸(zhu)侯伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)”，此(ci)仍叔之(zhi)文在(zai)秋(qiu)(qiu)事之(zhi)末(mo)，故云末(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)也。下(xia)(xia)文更(geng)云秋(qiu)(qiu)者，自为欲(yu)显(xian)天时，更(geng)别言(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)。

“秋，大雩”。书，不时也。十二公传唯此年及襄二十六年有两秋，此发雩祭之例，欲显天时以相事，故重言秋，异於凡事。
　　○重，直用(yong)反。

[疏]注“十二”至“凡事”。
　　○正义曰：上既言(yan)(yan)“秋(qiu)(qiu)，王以诸侯(hou)伐郑”，而(er)此(ci)复言(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)，故解之方(fang)发雩祭之例，须辨雩祭之月，欲显言(yan)(yan)天(tian)时，以指怠慢之事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。故重(zhong)言(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)，异於凡事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，凡事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)不须每事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)举时也。襄二十六年(nian)重(zhong)言(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)者(zhe)，彼注自(zi)释(shi)“中间有‘初’，不言(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)，则(ze)嫌楚客过在他年(nian)”。

凡祀，启蛰而郊，言凡祀，通下三句天地宗庙之事也。启蛰，夏正建寅之月，祀天南郊。
　　○蛰，直立(li)反。正音征。

[疏]注“言凡”至“南郊”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：下(xia)(xia)三(san)句(ju)谓(wei)雩、尝(chang)(chang)、烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雩是祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，尝(chang)(chang)、烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗庙(miao)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)连(lian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)耳(er)。《周(zhou)礼》天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)(si)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，人(ren)(ren)鬼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)享(xiang)。对则(ze)(ze)别为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)名(ming)，散则(ze)(ze)总(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)号。礼，诸(zhu)侯不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。鲁(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)雩亦(yi)祀(si)(si)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。书(shu)(shu)(shu)传(chuan)(chuan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鲁(lu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，盖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)凡(fan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)例(li)(li)(li)(li)，虽(sui)因(yin)(yin)鲁(lu)史经(jing)文(wen)，然(ran)(ran)凡(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)论，总(zong)包(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)国(guo)，则(ze)(ze)“凡(fan)公(gong)嫁女於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，诸(zhu)卿皆(jie)(jie)(jie)行”及(ji)(ji)“王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)童”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)凡(fan)祀(si)(si)，亦(yi)总(zong)包(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)国(guo)，则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。故(gu)(gu)杜(du)连(lian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)祀(si)(si)，举(ju)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雩烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尝(chang)(chang)，则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)人(ren)(ren)鬼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)群(qun)祀(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)录可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礿祠及(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祗(zhi)，经(jing)无(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)备言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，亦(yi)约文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相包(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”礿祠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)(ze)亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，但(dan)无(wu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)经(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)耳(er)。《夏小(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始(shi)发(fa)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。故(gu)(gu)汉氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雨水(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)。及(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)初(chu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，更(geng)改(gai)气(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雨水(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迄于今(jin)，踵(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)。今(jin)历(li)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雨水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)满中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)秋(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)雪中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)句(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)寅、建(jian)巳(si)、建(jian)酉、建(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)雨水(shui)，龙(long)(long)见(jian)(jian)(jian)当(dang)小(xiao)满，始(shi)杀(sha)当(dang)秋(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)，闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)小(xiao)雪。晋世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历(li)，亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雨水(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“历(li)法(fa)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)立(li)春(chun)，启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，因(yin)(yin)传(chuan)(chuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)远(yuan)取汉初(chu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)，欲令传(chuan)(chuan)与(yu)历(li)合。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)强同。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)虽(sui)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)理亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异。故(gu)(gu)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“案历(li)法(fa)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)龙(long)(long)见(jian)(jian)(jian)、始(shi)杀(sha)、闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。比古(gu)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)名(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，然(ran)(ran)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)推(tui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)异。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘火伏而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)毕。’此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)始(shi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，至(zhi)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)遂(sui)闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。犹二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，既启(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，遂(sui)惊(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走出(chu)，始(shi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)自(zi)闭(bi)(bi)塞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)遂(sui)闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)半蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蟲(chong)启(qi)(qi)户，二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)则(ze)(ze)惊(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走出(chu)。十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)半蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蟲(chong)始(shi)闭(bi)(bi)，十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)则(ze)(ze)遂(sui)闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)举(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)，则(ze)(ze)卜此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，次(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)仍是祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)限(xian)，次(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时(shi)(shi)。既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，又(you)(you)(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)遂(sui)闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，欲见(jian)(jian)(jian)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孟(meng)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)耕(geng)。’耕(geng)谓(wei)春(chun)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)卜郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)春(chun)分(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”春(chun)分(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》又(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“僖公(gong)、襄公(gong)夏四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卜郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，但(dan)讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)卜，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)卯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犹可(ke)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，知建(jian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犹可(ke)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)由节(jie)(jie)卻月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)前(qian)(qian)(qian)，未(wei)涉(she)(she)(she)后(hou)(hou)(hou)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)耳(er)。传(chuan)(chuan)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)限(xian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)举(ju)候以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“凡(fan)十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)节(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)，共(gong)通(tong)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)六(liu)日(ri)，分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)，间之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)节(jie)(jie)未(wei)必(bi)恒在其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恒在其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半，是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)举(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宿、气(qi)(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”土(tu)功作者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)亦(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“龙(long)(long)见(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毕务(wu)，戒事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。火见(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致用，水(shui)昏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)栽，日(ri)至(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毕，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)准也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)凡(fan)候天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)时(shi)(shi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)参(can)差(cha)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若《周(zhou)礼》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)象，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司马职》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夏，献(xian)禽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)礿”，“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)，献(xian)禽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，非(fei)(fei)谓(wei)孟(meng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“周(zhou)礼祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)仲。盖言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)限(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”下(xia)(xia)限(xian)至(zhi)於(wu)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)限(xian)起(qi)於(wu)孟(meng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)起(qi)建(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)尝(chang)(chang)起(qi)建(jian)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始(shi)杀(sha)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尝(chang)(chang)，谓(wei)建(jian)酉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)亦(yi)是下(xia)(xia)限(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若仲是下(xia)(xia)限(xian)，则(ze)(ze)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八年(nian)书(shu)(shu)(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夏五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)复(fu)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。若但(dan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)夏五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)唯(wei)可(ke)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非(fei)(fei)时(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)发(fa)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)继书(shu)(shu)(shu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示非(fei)(fei)时(shi)(shi)，并明(ming)(ming)再(zai)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)渎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)(ran)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)时(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)卻，若使节(jie)(jie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卻，即(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)非(fei)(fei)礼。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“秋(qiu)(qiu)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)雩”，是建(jian)午之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)耳(er)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)(shi)”，明(ming)(ming)涉(she)(she)(she)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)节(jie)(jie)，故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龙(long)(long)星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)毕见(jian)(jian)(jian)，谓(wei)立(li)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)当(dang)卜祀(si)(si)，过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)涉(she)(she)(she)次(ci)(ci)节(jie)(jie)，则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)。故(gu)(gu)秋(qiu)(qiu)雩书(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)(shi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涉(she)(she)(she)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)秋(qiu)(qiu)节(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)涉(she)(she)(she)立(li)秋(qiu)(qiu)节(jie)(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)涉(she)(she)(she)立(li)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)涉(she)(she)(she)次(ci)(ci)节(jie)(jie)，亦(yi)谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)节(jie)(jie)，非(fei)(fei)初(chu)节(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若始(shi)涉(she)(she)(she)初(chu)节(jie)(jie)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，必(bi)是建(jian)寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)方始(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟(meng)春(chun)未(wei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼记·明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)位(wei)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“鲁(lu)君孟(meng)春(chun)乘大(da)(da)(da)(da)辂，载(zai)弧(hu)韣(shu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。季夏六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)礼祀(si)(si)周(zhou)公(gong)於(wu)太庙(miao)。”季夏，周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，即(ji)孟(meng)春(chun)是周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)矣(yi)。又(you)(you)(you)《杂记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孟(meng)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)日(ri)至(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)事於(wu)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)日(ri)至(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)事於(wu)祖。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禘(di)，献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’”如(ru)彼《记》文(wen)，则(ze)(ze)鲁(lu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟(meng)春(chun)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《礼记》后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)录，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或否，未(wei)必(bi)所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礼。襄七(qi)(qi)年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)孟(meng)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”，《礼记》、《左传(chuan)(chuan)》俱(ju)称(cheng)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《记》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“日(ri)至(zhi)”，传(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)两说，必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)谬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。若七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禘(di)，献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)应(ying)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)禘(di)矣(yi)。烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尝(chang)(chang)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，禘(di)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亦(yi)应(ying)书(shu)(shu)(shu)。何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)禘(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？是知献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)本无(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《礼记》是而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《左传(chuan)(chuan)》非(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)位(wei)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，鲁(lu)稍僣侈。见(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，便以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)(si)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。《记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本，遂(sui)谓(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常。《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)位(wei)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末章云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)鲁(lu)君臣“未(wei)尝(chang)(chang)相弑(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，礼乐(le)刑法(fa)政俗未(wei)尝(chang)(chang)相变(bian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，三(san)君见(jian)(jian)(jian)弑(shi)，髽而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)吊，士(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诔(lei)，俗变(bian)多矣(yi)！尚云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)无(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)既诬，则(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦(yi)难信。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)知《记》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)孟(meng)春(chun)非(fei)(fei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄(xuan)(xuan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，多用谶纬(wei)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祗(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)；地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)昆(kun)仑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山神(shen)(shen)，又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司乐(le)》冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)北辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)迎(ying)气(qi)(qi)(qi)於(wu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，所(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)宫(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)坐(zuo)星也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)·文(wen)耀钩》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：大(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)宫(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)坐(zuo)星，苍帝(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)威(wei)(wei)仰(yang)，赤(chi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)赤(chi)熛怒(nu)，黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)含枢纽(niu)，白(bai)(bai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)白(bai)(bai)招拒，黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)汁(zhi)光纪。五(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)焉。周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)木德(de)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)灵(ling)威(wei)(wei)仰(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，曾无(wu)冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，唯(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)灵(ling)威(wei)(wei)仰(yang)耳(er)。唯(wei)郑玄(xuan)(xuan)立(li)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)先(xian)(xian)儒悉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)，故(gu)(gu)王(wang)肃(su)(su)作《圣(sheng)证(zheng)论》引群(qun)书(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)即(ji)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)体(ti)(ti)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，安得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。晋武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，王(wang)肃(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外孙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，泰始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)定，南北郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，用王(wang)肃(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。杜(du)君身处(chu)晋朝，共(gong)遵王(wang)说。《集解》、《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)杜(du)意天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)所(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，鲁(lu)人(ren)(ren)启(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，犹是一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，但(dan)异时(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耳(er)！此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灵(ling)威(wei)(wei)仰(yang)，明(ming)(ming)与(yu)郑异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷配也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)(dong)至(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)配也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

龙见而雩，龙见，建巳之月。苍龙，宿之体，昏见东方。万物始盛，待雨而大，故祭天，远为百穀祈膏雨。
　　○见，贤遍反，注(zhu)同。宿音(yin)秀。为，于伪(wei)反。

[疏]注“龙见”至“膏雨”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《天官》：东方之(zhi)(zhi)星尽为(wei)(wei)苍(cang)龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)。见(jian)(jian)，谓合昏见(jian)(jian)也(ye)。雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)远(yuan)也(ye)，远(yuan)为(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)穀祈膏雨(yu)(yu)。远(yuan)者，豫(yu)为(wei)(wei)秋(qiu)(qiu)收，言(yan)意(yi)深远(yuan)也(ye)。穀之(zhi)(zhi)种(zhong)类(lei)多，故诗(shi)每言(yan)百(bai)(bai)穀，举成数也(ye)。雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)润(run)物，若脂膏然，故谓甘雨(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)膏雨(yu)(yu)。襄十九(jiu)年传曰“百(bai)(bai)穀之(zhi)(zhi)仰膏雨(yu)(yu)”是(shi)也(ye)。传直言(yan)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)而(er)经书大(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者，贾逵云：言(yan)大(da)别山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。盖以(yi)诸侯雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)山川(chuan)，鲁得(de)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上帝，故称(cheng)(cheng)大(da)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》云：“大(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝用盛(sheng)乐。”是(shi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帝称(cheng)(cheng)大(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)。此(ci)龙(long)见(jian)(jian)而(er)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，定在建(jian)巳(si)之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》记於仲(zhong)夏章者，郑玄云：“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)当以(yi)四月(yue)(yue)(yue)。凡周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)(qiu)，五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)旱(han)(han)，亦脩雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祀而(er)求雨(yu)(yu)。因(yin)(yin)著正(zheng)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)於此(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。”失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。杜(du)君以(yi)为(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》秦(qin)法，非(fei)是(shi)周(zhou)典。颖子(zi)严(yan)以(yi)龙(long)见(jian)(jian)即(ji)是(shi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰：“《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》之(zhi)(zhi)书出自吕不韦，其(qi)意(yi)欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)秦(qin)制，非(fei)古典也(ye)。颖氏因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)龙(long)见(jian)(jian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，龙(long)星已过於见(jian)(jian)，此(ci)为(wei)(wei)强(qiang)牵天宿(su)以(yi)附会不韦之(zhi)(zhi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》，非(fei)所据而(er)据，既以(yi)不安(an)，且又自违。《左氏传》称(cheng)(cheng)‘秋(qiu)(qiu)，大(da)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。书，不时(shi)’。此(ci)秋(qiu)(qiu)即(ji)颖氏之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)忘其(qi)不时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)文，而(er)欲(yu)以(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭。”是(shi)言(yan)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)(ling)》不得(de)与传合也(ye)。郑玄《礼》注云：“雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)吁(yu)也(ye)，言(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)(jie)哭(ku)泣以(yi)求雨(yu)(yu)也(ye)。”郊雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)俱是(shi)祈穀，何独雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)吁(yu)嗟(jie)(jie)？旱(han)(han)而(er)脩雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，言(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)(jie)可矣；四月(yue)(yue)(yue)常(chang)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，於时(shi)未旱(han)(han)，何当言(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)(jie)也(ye)？贾、服以(yi)雩(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)远(yuan)，故杜(du)从之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

始(shi)杀而尝(chang)，建酉(you)之月，阴气始(shi)杀，嘉穀始(shi)熟，故荐尝(chang)於宗庙。

[疏]注“建酉”至“宗庙”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：尝(chang)(chang)(chang)者(zhe)，荐於(wu)宗庙(miao)，以尝(chang)(chang)(chang)新为(wei)(wei)名，知(zhi)必待(dai)(dai)嘉穀(gu)熟乃为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》称“八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)穫”，穫刈嘉穀(gu)在(zai)於(wu)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。知(zhi)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)为(wei)(wei)建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阴气(qi)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰：“《诗》‘蒹(jian)葭苍(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)，白露为(wei)(wei)霜(shuang)(shuang)’，以证始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)百草(cao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》孟(meng)秋(qiu)(qiu)‘白露降季秋(qiu)(qiu)霜(shuang)(shuang)始(shi)(shi)降’，然(ran)则(ze)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)白露，八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)露结，九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃成霜(shuang)(shuang)，时(shi)(shi)寒乃渐，岁事稍成。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嘉穀(gu)熟，所(suo)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物备(bei)，故以建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荐尝(chang)(chang)(chang)於(wu)宗庙(miao)。”案《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》孟(meng)秋(qiu)(qiu)“农乃登穀(gu)，天(tian)子(zi)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)新，先荐寝庙(miao)”，则(ze)似七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穀(gu)熟矣。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)当尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)，而云建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)者(zhe)，以上(shang)(shang)下(xia)准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)实起於(wu)建(jian)申(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，今(jin)云建(jian)酉(you)(you)者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)下(xia)限。然(ran)杜独(du)於(wu)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)举下(xia)限者(zhe)，以秋(qiu)(qiu)物初熟，孝子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)必待(dai)(dai)新物，故特举下(xia)限而言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。哀十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)，子(zi)服(fu)景伯谓吴(wu)大宰曰：“鲁将以十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)辛，有(you)事於(wu)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)先公，季辛而毕。”彼虽恐吴(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，亦是(shi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)则(ze)於(wu)时(shi)(shi)会吴(wu)在(zai)夏(xia)，公至在(zai)秋(qiu)(qiu)，景伯言(yan)(yan)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初也(ye)(ye)(ye)？若(ruo)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)建(jian)申(shen)，当言(yan)(yan)九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，不(bu)应远指十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。知(zhi)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)期，周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，建(jian)酉(you)(you)是(shi)下(xia)限耳。若(ruo)节前月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卻，孟(meng)秋(qiu)(qiu)物成，亦可(ke)以孟(meng)秋(qiu)(qiu)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)。故《释(shi)例》云“《周礼》四仲(zhong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)下(xia)限。”若(ruo)建(jian)申(shen)得尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，何(he)以《释(shi)例》又(you)云始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)而尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，谓建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，“蒹(jian)葭苍(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)，白露为(wei)(wei)霜(shuang)(shuang)”，又(you)以始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)唯建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)，以贾、服(fu)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)，唯据孟(meng)秋(qiu)(qiu)，不(bu)通建(jian)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故《释(shi)例》破贾、服(fu)而为(wei)(wei)此言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先此则(ze)不(bu)可(ke)。十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乙(yi)亥尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，乃是(shi)建(jian)未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故注云“先其(qi)时(shi)(shi)，亦过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。

闭蛰而烝。建亥之月，昆蟲闭户，万物皆成，可荐者众，故烝祭宗庙。《释例》论之备矣。
　　○闭，必(bi)计(ji)反，又(you)必(bi)结反，《字林》方结反。烝，之承反。

[疏]注“建亥”至“备矣”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：传称(cheng)“火(huo)(huo)伏而后蛰(zhe)(zhe)者毕”，《周礼(li)》“季(ji)秋(qiu)丙(bing)火(huo)(huo)”，则火(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)季(ji)秋(qiu)入而孟(meng)冬伏，昆蟲以(yi)(yi)孟(meng)冬蛰(zhe)(zhe)，故知(zhi)闭蛰(zhe)(zhe)是建亥之(zhi)月(yue)也。《王制》云：“昆蟲未蛰(zhe)(zhe)，不以(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)田。”郑玄云：“昆，明也。明蟲者，得(de)阳而生(sheng)，得(de)阴而藏。”阴阳即寒温(wen)也。《祭统》注云：“昆蟲，谓温(wen)生(sheng)寒死之(zhi)蟲也”。是蛰(zhe)(zhe)蟲谓之(zhi)昆蟲也。《月(yue)令》仲春(chun)云：“蛰(zhe)(zhe)蟲咸动，启户始(shi)出(chu)。”出(chu)言(yan)启户，故蛰(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)闭户。《尔雅·释诂》云：“烝，众也。”知(zhi)万物皆成，可荐者众。故名此(ci)祭为烝。

过则书。卜日(ri)有吉否(fou)，过次节则书，以讥慢也。

[疏]“卜日”至“慢也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：祭必当卜，卜有吉(ji)否。不(bu)吉(ji)则当改(gai)卜，次旬则不(bu)可期。以一(yi)日卜不(bu)过三，故限以一(yi)月(yue)，过涉(she)次月(yue)之节，则书之以讥其慢(man)。

冬，淳于公如曹。度其国危，遂不复。淳于，州国所都，城阳淳于县也。国有危难，不能自安，故出朝而遂不还。
　　○度，待洛(luo)反。复(fu)音服，后不音者皆(jie)同。难，乃旦反。

【经】六年，春，正月，寔来。（寔，实也。不言州公者，承上五年冬经“如曹”。间无异事，省文，从可知。
　　○寔，时力反(fan)。省，所景(jing)反(fan)。）

夏(xia)，四月(yue)，公会纪侯(hou)于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)。成(cheng)(cheng)，鲁地，在泰山(shan)钜平县(xian)东南。

秋，八月，壬午，大阅。齐为大国，以戎事徵诸侯之戍，嘉美郑忽，而忽欲以有功为班，怒而诉齐。鲁人惧之，故以非时简车马。
　　○阅音悦。

[疏]“大阅”。
　　○正义曰：“公狩于郎”、“公狩于禚”，皆书公，“大蒐”、“大阅”，不书公者，《周礼》虽四时教战，而遂以田猎。但蒐阅车马，未必皆因田猎；田猎从禽，未必皆阅车马。何则？怠慢之主，外作禽荒，岂待教战方始猎也。公及齐人狩于禚，乃与邻国共猎，必非自教民战。以“矢鱼于棠”，非教战之事，主为游戏，而斥言公。则狩于郎、禚，亦主为游戏，故特书公也。“大蒐”、“大阅”，国之常礼，公身虽在，非为游戏，如此之类，例不书公。定十四年“大蒐于比蒲，邾子来会公”，公身在蒐，而经不书公，知其法所不书。以其国家大事，非公私欲故也。且比蒲、昌间皆举蒐地，此不言地者，盖在国简阅，未必田猎。昭十八年，郑人简兵大蒐在於城内，此亦当在城内。
　　○注“齐为”至“车马”。
　　○正义曰：大(da)阅之礼在於(wu)仲(zhong)冬，今农(nong)时阅兵，必(bi)有所(suo)为。传不(bu)(bu)言其意(yi)，故(gu)注者(zhe)原之，於(wu)时四邻与鲁(lu)无怨，又竟无征伐之处(chu)。诸侯戍齐，经所(suo)不(bu)(bu)见，而传说郑忽怒事(shi)於(wu)大(da)阅之上，及十年郑与齐、卫来战于郎。知(zhi)此大(da)阅是惧(ju)郑忽而畏齐人，故(gu)以非时简车马也。

蔡人杀(sha)陈(chen)佗(tuo)。佗(tuo)立逾年不称爵者，篡(cuan)立，未会诸侯也。传(chuan)例在庄(zhuang)二十二年。

[疏]注“佗立”至“二年”。
　　○正义曰：杀陈佗(tuo)，传无文，不(bu)言无传者(zhe)，以传说此事在庄二十(shi)二年，不(bu)是全(quan)无其事，故不(bu)言无传。

九月，丁卯，子同生。桓公子庄公也。十二公唯子同是適夫人之长子，备用大子之礼，故史书之於策。不称大子者，书始生也。
　　○適，丁(ding)历反(fan)，传同。长，丁(ding)丈反(fan)。

[疏]注“桓公”至“生也”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：適妻长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，於法当为大(da)子(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)大(da)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由举(ju)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)史(shi)书(shu)於策。古人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立大(da)子(zi)(zi)，其(qi)礼(li)虽(sui)(sui)则无文(wen)(wen)，盖亦待其(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)大(da)，特(te)加(jia)礼(li)命，如今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)临轩策拜。始生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，未得即为大(da)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)备(bei)用(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)书(shu)其(qi)生。未得命，故(gu)(gu)不言(yan)大(da)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。杜云(yun)“十二公(gong)唯(wei)子(zi)(zi)同是(shi)(shi)適夫(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)”，又云(yun)“文(wen)(wen)公(gong)、哀公(gong)其(qi)母并无明文(wen)(wen)，未知其(qi)母是(shi)(shi)適以(yi)(yi)否(fou)。盖其(qi)父未为君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前已生，纵(zong)令是(shi)(shi)適，亦不书(shu)也(ye)”。《释(shi)例(li)》云(yun)：“据公(gong)衡(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)，成(cheng)公(gong)又非穆(mu)姜所(suo)生。”杜此注云(yun)“子(zi)(zi)同是(shi)(shi)適夫(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，备(bei)用(yong)大(da)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)史(shi)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。然则虽(sui)(sui)適夫(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，不用(yong)大(da)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，亦不书(shu)也(ye)。

冬，纪侯来朝。

【传(chuan)】六年春，自曹来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)。书曰“寔来(lai)”，不复其国也。（亦承五(wu)年冬传(chuan)“淳于公如曹”也。言(yan)(yan)奔，则来(lai)行朝(chao)(chao)礼，言(yan)(yan)朝(chao)(chao)，则遂留不去，故变文(wen)言(yan)(yan)实(shi)来(lai)。）

楚(chu)武王侵随，随国(guo)，今义(yi)阳(yang)随县。

[疏]注“随国”至“随县”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《世本》：“随(sui)国姬姓。”不知(zhi)始封为谁，随(sui)以此年(nian)(nian)见传。僖(xi)二(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)经(jing)书“楚(chu)人(ren)伐随(sui)”，自(zi)是以后遂为楚(chu)之私属，不与诸侯(hou)(hou)会同(tong)。至定四年(nian)(nian)，“吴入郢”，昭王奔随(sui)，随(sui)人(ren)免之，卒复楚(chu)国。楚(chu)人(ren)德之，使列诸侯(hou)(hou)。哀元年(nian)(nian)随(sui)侯(hou)(hou)见经(jing)，其(qi)后不知(zhi)为谁所灭。

使薳章求成焉，薳章，楚大夫。
　　○薳(wei)，于委反。

军於瑕以待之。瑕，随地。
　　○瑕，下加反。随人使少师董成。少师，随大夫。董，正也。
　　○少，诗照反，注及下同，后皆仿此。斗伯比言于楚子曰：“吾不得志於汉东也，我则使然。斗伯比，楚大夫，令尹子文之父。我张吾三军而被吾甲兵，以武临之，彼则惧而协来谋我，故难间也。汉东之国，随为大。随张，必弃小国。张，自侈大也。
　　○被，皮寄反，下注“被甲”同。间，间厕之间。张，猪亮反，注同；一音如字。侈，昌氏反，又式氏反。小国离，楚之利也。少师侈，请羸师以张之。”羸，弱也。
　　○羸，劣追反，注及下同。熊率且比曰：“季梁在，何益？”熊率且比，楚大夫。季梁，随贤臣。
　　○率音律。且，子余反。斗伯比曰：“以为后图。少师得其君。”言季梁之谏不过一见从，随侯卒当以少师为计，故云以为后图。二年，蔡侯、郑伯会于邓，始惧楚。楚子自此遂盛，终於抗衡中国，故传备言其事以终始之。
　　○抗，苦浪反。

[疏]“以为”至“其君”。
　　○正义曰：言此(ci)计今虽无(wu)益，以为在后图谋也(ye)。言季(ji)梁之谏(jian)，不过(guo)一见从(cong)耳(er)，少师(shi)得其(qi)君心，君将(jiang)必用其(qi)计。若(ruo)用少师(shi)，则此(ci)谋必合。故(gu)请示弱以希后日之利。

王毁军而纳少师。从伯比之谋。少师归，请追楚师，随侯将许之。信楚弱也。季梁止之曰：“天方授楚。楚之羸，其诱我也。君何急焉？臣闻小之能敌大也，小道大淫。所谓道，忠於民而信於神也。上思利民，忠也；祝史正辞，信也。正辞，不虚称君美。今民馁而君逞欲，逞，快也。
　　○馁，奴罪反，饿也。祝史矫举以祭，臣不知其可也。”诈称功德以欺鬼神。
　　○矫(jiao)，居兆反。

[疏]“天方授楚”。
　　○正义曰：楚之先君熊绎始封於楚，在蛮夷之间，食子男之地。至此君始彊盛，威服邻国，似有天助，故云“天方授楚”。
　　○“臣闻”至“可也”。
　　○正义曰：臣闻小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)能敌大国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，必(bi)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)得(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，大国(guo)(guo)淫(yin)辟，如(ru)是(shi)乃得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)敌也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)意言(yan)(yan)(yan)随(sui)未(wei)有(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，而(er)楚(chu)未(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)淫(yin)辟，随(sui)不(bu)(bu)能敌楚(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既言(yan)(yan)(yan)随(sui)未(wei)有(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，更说有(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)事(shi)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)犹道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路，行(xing)不(bu)(bu)失正，名之(zhi)曰道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。施(shi)於(wu)(wu)人君，则治民、事(shi)神，使之(zhi)得(de)所，乃可(ke)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)矣。故云所谓(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者，忠恕於(wu)(wu)民而(er)诚信(xin)於(wu)(wu)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)覆说忠信(xin)之(zhi)义，於(wu)(wu)文，中(zhong)心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)忠，言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心(xin)爱物也(ye)(ye)(ye)；人言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)信(xin)，谓(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)虚妄也(ye)(ye)(ye)。在上(shang)位者，思(si)利(li)於(wu)(wu)民，欲民之(zhi)安饱，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)忠也(ye)(ye)(ye)；祝(zhu)官、史官正其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)辞，不(bu)(bu)欺(qi)诳鬼神，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今随(sui)国(guo)(guo)民皆饥馁而(er)君快情欲，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)思(si)利(li)民，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)忠也(ye)(ye)(ye)；祝(zhu)史诈(zha)称(cheng)功德(de)以祭鬼神，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)正言(yan)(yan)(yan)辞，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)忠无(wu)信(xin)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)谓(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，小(xiao)而(er)无(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，何以敌大？君欲敌之(zhi)，臣不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲君之(zhi)下楚(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

公曰：“吾牲牷肥腯，粢盛丰备，何则不信？”牲，牛、羊、豕也。牷，纯色完全也。腯，亦肥也。黍稷曰粢，在器曰盛。
　　○牷音全(quan)。腯，徒忽(hu)反。

[疏]注“牲牛”至“曰盛”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：诸侯(hou)祭用大牢(lao)，祭以三牲(sheng)为主。知牲(sheng)为三牲(sheng)，牛、羊、豕也(ye)(ye)。《周礼·牧人》“掌共(gong)(gong)祭祀之(zhi)牲(sheng)牷(quan)，祭用纯色”，故知牷(quan)谓纯色完全，言(yan)毛体全具也(ye)(ye)。《曲礼》曰(yue)：“豚曰(yue)腯(tu)(tu)肥(fei)”，肥(fei)腯(tu)(tu)共(gong)(gong)文，知腯(tu)(tu)亦(yi)肥(fei)也(ye)(ye)。重言(yan)肥(fei)腯(tu)(tu)者，古人自有複语耳。服虔云：“牛、羊曰(yue)肥(fei)，豕曰(yue)腯(tu)(tu)。”案《礼记(ji)》豚亦(yi)称肥(fei)，非独(du)牛、羊也(ye)(ye)。粢是(shi)黍(shu)(shu)(shu)稷(ji)之(zhi)别(bie)名，亦(yi)为诸穀(gu)之(zhi)总号。祭之(zhi)用米，黍(shu)(shu)(shu)稷(ji)为多，故云“黍(shu)(shu)(shu)稷(ji)曰(yue)粢”，粢是(shi)穀(gu)之(zhi)体也(ye)(ye)。盛谓盛於器，故云在器曰(yue)盛。

对曰：“夫民，神之主也，言鬼神之情，依民而行。是以圣王先成民而后致力於神。故奉牲以告曰‘博硕肥腯’，谓民力之普存也，博，广也。硕，大也。谓其畜之硕大蕃滋也，谓其不疾瘯蠡也，谓其备腯咸有也；虽告神以博硕肥腯，其实皆当兼此四谓，民力適完，则六畜既大而滋也，皮毛无疥癣，兼备而无有所阙。
　　○畜，吁又反，下皆同。蕃音烦，瘯；七木反；本又作蔟，同。蠡，力果反；《说文》作瘰，云，瘯瘰，皮肥也。疥音介。癣，息浅反；《说文》云，乾疡。奉盛以告曰‘絜粢丰盛’，谓其三时不害而民和年丰也；三时，春、夏、秋。奉酒醴以告曰‘嘉栗旨酒’，嘉，善也。栗，谨敬也。谓其上下皆有嘉德而无违心也。所谓馨香，无谗慝也。馨，香之远闻。
　　○慝，他得反。闻音问，又如字。故务其三时，脩其五教，父义、母慈、兄友、弟恭、子孝。亲其九族，以致其禋祀，禋，絜敬也。九族谓外祖父、外祖母、从母子及妻父、妻母、姑之子、姊妹之子、女子之子、并已之同族，皆外亲有服而异族者也。
　　○九族，杜释与孔安国、郑玄不同。禋音因。於是乎民和而神降之福，故动则有成。今民各有心，而鬼神乏主；民饥馁也。
　　○饥音饥。君(jun)虽独丰，其何福(fu)之有？君(jun)姑(gu)脩(xiu)政，而(er)亲兄弟之国，庶免(mian)於难。”随侯(hou)惧而(er)修政，楚不(bu)敢伐。

[疏]“夫民”至“於难”。
　　○正义曰：鬼神之情，依人而行，故云“夫民，神之主也”。以民和乃神说，故圣王先成其民而后致力於神。言养民使成就，然后致孝享。由是告神之辞，各有成百姓之意。祭之所用，有牲，有食，有酒耳，圣人文饰辞义，为立嘉名以告神。季梁举其告辞，解其告意，故奉牲以告神，曰“博硕肥腯”者，非谓所祭之牲广大肥充而已，乃言民之畜产尽肥充。皆所以得博硕肥腯者，由四种之谓故又申说四种之事。四谓者，第一谓民力普遍安存，故致第二畜之硕大滋息。民力普存所以致之者，由民无劳役，养畜以时，故六畜硕大，蕃多滋息。民力普存又致第三不有疾病疥癣。所以然者，由民力普存，身无疲苦，故所养六畜饮食以理，埽刷依法，故皮毛身体无疥癣疾病。民力普存又致第四备腯咸有。所以然者，由民力普存，人皆逸乐，种种养畜，群牲备有也。奉盛以告神，曰“絜粢丰盛”者，非谓所祭之食絜净丰多而已，乃言民之粮食尽丰多也。言丰絜者，谓其春、夏、秋三时农之要节，为政不害於民，得使尽力耕耘，自事生产，故百姓和而年岁丰也。奉酒醴以告神，曰“嘉栗旨酒”者，非谓所祭之酒栗善味美而已，乃言百姓之情，上下皆善美也。言嘉旨者，谓其国内上下，群臣及民皆有善德而无违上之心。若民心不和，则酒食腥秽。由上下皆善，故酒食馨香。非言酒食馨香，无腥膻臭秽，乃谓民德馨香，无谗谀邪恶也。所谓馨香，总上三者。由是王者将说神心，先和民志，故务其三时，使农无废业；脩其五教，使家道协和；亲其九族，使内外无怨。然后致其絜敬之祀於神明矣。於是民俗大和而神降之福。故动则有成，战无不克。今民各有心，或欲从主，或欲叛君，不得为无违上之心。而鬼神乏主，百姓饥馁，民力彫竭，不得为年岁丰也。民既不和，则神心不说，君虽独丰，其何福之有？神所不福，民所不与，以此敌大，必丧其师。君且修政，抚其民人而亲兄弟之国以为外援，如是则庶几可以免於祸难也。告牲肥硕，言民畜多；告粢丰絜，言民食多；告酒嘉旨，不言民酒多而言民德善者，酒之与食俱以米粟为之。於盛已言年丰，故於酒变言嘉德，重明民和之意。
　　○注“虽告”至“所阙”。
　　○正义曰：刘炫云：杜以博硕肥腯据牲体而言，季梁推此出理，嫌其不寔，故云其寔皆当兼此四谓。又民力普存非畜之形貌，而季梁以之解情，又申之民力適完则得生养六畜，故六畜既大而滋息也。博硕言其形状大，蕃滋言其生乳多。硕大蕃滋皆複语也。瘯蠡，畜之小病，故以为疥<疒鲜>之疢也。不疾者，犹言不患此病也。
　　○注“嘉善”至“敬也”。
　　○正义曰：“嘉，善”，《释诂》文也。杜训栗为谨敬，言善敬为酒。案《诗》“实颖实栗”，与田事相连，故栗为穗貌。此栗与嘉善旨酒相类，故栗为谨敬之心，即《论语》云：“使民战栗”，与此相似。刘炫以栗为穗貌而规杜过，於理恐非。
　　○注“父义”至“子孝”。
　　○正义曰：父母於子并为慈，但父主教训，母主抚养。抚养在於恩爱，故以慈为名。教训爱而加教，故以义为称。义者，宜也。教之义方，使得其宜。弟之於兄亦宜为友，但兄弟相敬，乃有长幼尊卑，故分出其弟，使之为共，言敬其兄而友爱。
　　○注“禋絜”至“族者”也。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：《释诂》云：“禋，敬也(ye)。”故以(yi)禋为(wei)(wei)(wei)絜敬。隐(yin)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年注(zhu)(zhu)云“絜齐以(yi)享，谓之(zhi)禋”意亦(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)同也(ye)。汉世儒者(zhe)(zhe)说(shuo)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有二，《异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义》：“今《礼》戴(dai)、《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》欧阳说(shuo)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乃异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有属者(zhe)(zhe)，父(fu)(fu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)四：五属之(zhi)内为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，父(fu)(fu)女(nv)(nv)昆弟適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，已(yi)女(nv)(nv)昆弟適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，已(yi)之(zhi)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)；母(mu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)三(san)(san)：母(mu)之(zhi)父(fu)(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，母(mu)之(zhi)母(mu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，母(mu)女(nv)(nv)昆弟適(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)；妻族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)二：妻之(zhi)父(fu)(fu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，妻之(zhi)母(mu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。《古尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》说(shuo)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)，从高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)至玄(xuan)(xuan)孙凡九(jiu)(jiu)，皆(jie)(jie)同姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。谨案《礼》緦(si)麻(ma)三(san)(san)月(yue)以(yi)上，恩之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)及(ji)；礼，为(wei)(wei)(wei)妻父(fu)(fu)母(mu)有服(fu)(fu)。明(ming)在九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)，九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)得但施(shi)於(wu)同姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)駮云：“玄(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)闻也(ye)，妇人(ren)归宗，女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)虽(sui)適(shi)人(ren)，字犹(you)系(xi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，明(ming)不(bu)(bu)得与(yu)(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu)兄为(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)则(ze)然(ran)。《婚礼》请期辞(ci)曰(yue)(yue)：‘唯(wei)是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)。’欲及(ji)今三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)未有不(bu)(bu)亿度之(zhi)事(shi)，而(er)迎妇也(ye)。如此(ci)所(suo)(suo)云，三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)当有异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)皆(jie)(jie)緦(si)。《礼·杂(za)记(ji)下(xia)》：緦(si)麻(ma)之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)禁嫁女(nv)(nv)取(qu)妇。是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)在族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)明(ming)矣(yi)。《周礼》小(xiao)宗伯(bo)‘掌三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)别(bie)’。《名丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)小(xiao)记(ji)》说(shuo)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)义曰(yue)(yue)：‘亲(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)以(yi)三(san)(san)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五，以(yi)五为(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)。’以(yi)此(ci)言之(zhi)，知(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)至玄(xuan)(xuan)孙，昭然(ran)察矣(yi)。”是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)从《古尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》说(shuo)，以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)至玄(xuan)(xuan)孙也(ye)。此(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)所(suo)(suo)云犹(you)是(shi)(shi)《礼》戴(dai)、欧阳等说(shuo)，以(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)駮云女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)得与(yu)(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu)兄为(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故简去其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)，唯(wei)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)，以(yi)服(fu)(fu)重者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)先耳，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)从古学与(yu)(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)说(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)言“亲(qin)(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”，《诗》剌(la)“不(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”，必(bi)以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)疏远，恩情已(yi)薄，故剌(la)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)而(er)美其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能亲(qin)(qin)耳！高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)至父(fu)(fu)，己之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)禀承也(ye)；子(zi)(zi)至玄(xuan)(xuan)孙，已(yi)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)生育也(ye)，人(ren)之(zhi)於(wu)此(ci)，谁或(huo)不(bu)(bu)亲(qin)(qin)而(er)美其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能亲(qin)(qin)也(ye)！《诗》剌(la)弃(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，岂复(fu)上遗父(fu)(fu)母(mu)、下(xia)弃(qi)子(zi)(zi)孙哉(zai)！若言弃(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)谓弃(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)、出曾(ceng)祖(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)，然(ran)则(ze)岂亦(yi)(yi)弃(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出曾(ceng)孙、出玄(xuan)(xuan)孙者(zhe)(zhe)乎？又郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)昏必(bi)三(san)(san)十而(er)娶，则(ze)人(ren)年九(jiu)(jiu)十始(shi)有曾(ceng)孙，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)玄(xuan)(xuan)孙无相及(ji)之(zhi)理，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)终无九(jiu)(jiu)，安(an)得九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)？三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)名虽(sui)同而(er)三(san)(san)九(jiu)(jiu)数异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。引(yin)三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)难九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)相值矣(yi)！若缘(yuan)三(san)(san)及(ji)九(jiu)(jiu)，则(ze)三(san)(san)、九(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。设(she)使高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)丧(sang)，玄(xuan)(xuan)孙死(si)，亦(yi)(yi)应不(bu)(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)昏礼，何不(bu)(bu)言九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)也(ye)？以(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)皆(jie)(jie)外亲(qin)(qin)有服(fu)(fu)而(er)异(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

夏，会于成，纪来谘谋齐难也。齐欲灭纪，故来谋之。
　　○难，乃旦反，下同。

北戎伐齐，齐使乞师于郑。郑大子忽帅师救齐。六月，大败戎师，获其二帅大良、少良，甲首三百，以献於齐。甲首，被甲者首。
　　○帅，所类反。少，诗照反。於是诸侯之大夫戍齐，齐人馈之饩，生曰饩。
　　○馈(kui)，其媿反，遗也。饩，许既反。牲腥曰饩。使(shi)鲁为其班，后郑。班，次也。鲁亲班齐馈(kui)，则(ze)亦(yi)使(shi)大夫戍齐矣，经(jing)不书，盖史阙文。

[疏]注“班次”至“阙文”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：刘炫云(yun)：在戍受馈而(er)使鲁(lu)为班，明鲁(lu)人在矣。襄五年戍陈(chen)书(shu)经，此(ci)戍齐(qi)亦宜书(shu)，今(jin)不书(shu)经，疑史(shi)(shi)阙文。以史(shi)(shi)策本阙，仲尼不得(de)书(shu)之。十年说此(ci)云(yun)“北戎病齐(qi)，诸侯救之”，或(huo)可鲁(lu)亦往救，但传无(wu)鲁(lu)事之验(yan)，鲁(lu)必不救，不须(xu)解之。

郑忽以其有功也，怒，故有郎之师。郎师在十年。公之未昏於齐也，齐侯欲以文姜妻郑大子忽。大子忽辞。人问其故，大子曰：“人各有耦，齐大，非吾耦也。《诗》云：‘自求多福。’《诗·大雅·文王》。言求福由已，非由人也。
　　○妻(qi)，七计反，下及(ji)注同。在我而(er)已，大国(guo)何为(wei)？”君子曰：“善自(zi)为(wei)谋。”言(yan)(yan)独(du)絜其(qi)身，谋不及(ji)国(guo)。及(ji)其(qi)败戎师也，齐侯又请(qing)妻(qi)之(zhi)。欲以(yi)佗女妻(qi)之(zhi)。固辞(ci)。人(ren)问其(qi)故，大子曰：“无事於齐，吾犹不敢。今以(yi)君命奔(ben)齐之(zhi)急，而(er)受室以(yi)归(gui)，是以(yi)师昏也。民(min)其(qi)谓(wei)我何？”言(yan)(yan)必见怪於民(min)。遂辞(ci)诸郑伯。假父之(zhi)命以(yi)为(wei)辞(ci)，为(wei)十一年郑忽出(chu)奔(ben)卫传(chuan)。

“秋，大阅”，简(jian)车马也。

“九月，丁卯，子同生”。以大子生之礼举之：接以大牢，大牢，牛、羊、豕也。以礼接夫人，重適也。
　　○接，如(ru)字(zi)。郑(zheng)注《礼记》作捷(jie)(jie)，读此者(zhe)亦(yi)或捷(jie)(jie)音。

[疏]注(zhu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)”至“適(shi)也(ye)”。正(zheng)义曰(yue)：大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)，牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)，三牲(sheng)牛、羊、豕具(ju)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)。《仪礼(li)》少牢(lao)(lao)馈(kui)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)以羊、豕为(wei)(wei)少牢(lao)(lao)，以牲(sheng)多少称(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)少也(ye)。《诗·公(gong)刘》曰(yue)：“执豕于牢(lao)(lao)。”《周礼(li)》：“充人掌系(xi)祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)牷。祀(si)五(wu)帝，则(ze)系(xi)于牢(lao)(lao)，刍(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三月(yue)。”是(shi)牢(lao)(lao)者(zhe)养(yang)牲(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，故因以为(wei)(wei)名(ming)。郑玄《诗》笺云(yun)(yun)“系(xi)养(yang)曰(yue)牢(lao)(lao)”，是(shi)其(qi)义也(ye)。《礼(li)记(ji)·内(nei)则(ze)》曰(yue)：“国君世子(zi)生，告于君，接(jie)(jie)以大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)。”文在“三日(ri)(ri)(ri)负子(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，则(ze)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。《记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)：“凡接(jie)(jie)子(zi)择日(ri)(ri)(ri)。”郑云(yun)(yun)“虽三日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，必(bi)选其(qi)吉焉”。是(shi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)择日(ri)(ri)(ri)接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)(wei)子(zi)接(jie)(jie)母(mu)(mu)，故《记(ji)》称(cheng)“接(jie)(jie)子(zi)”。此传(chuan)“举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，即云(yun)(yun)“接(jie)(jie)以大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)”，亦以接(jie)(jie)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)文。其(qi)寔接(jie)(jie)母(mu)(mu)，故云(yun)(yun)“以礼(li)接(jie)(jie)夫人，重適(shi)也(ye)”。郑玄云(yun)(yun)：“接(jie)(jie)，读为(wei)(wei)捷(jie)(jie)。捷(jie)(jie)，胜也(ye)，谓食(shi)其(qi)母(mu)(mu)，使补虚强气也(ye)。”此言以礼(li)接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)与郑异也(ye)。《内(nei)则(ze)》又云(yun)(yun)接(jie)(jie)子(zi)“庶人特(te)豚，士(shi)特(te)豕，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫少牢(lao)(lao)，国君世子(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)”。其(qi)非(fei)冢子(zi)则(ze)皆降等(deng)。

卜士负之，士妻食之，《礼》“世子生三日，卜士负之，射人以桑弧荙矢射天地四方”，卜士之妻为乳母。
　　○食(shi)音(yin)嗣。弧音(yin)胡。蓬(peng)，步工反(fan)。射天地(di)，食(shi)亦(yi)反(fan)。

[疏]注“礼世”至“乳母”。
　　○正义曰：“四(si)方”以上，皆《内则》文也(ye)。《内则》又云：“卜士之(zhi)妻，大(da)夫之(zhi)妾(qie)，使食子。”食，谓(wei)乳(ru)也(ye)，故以乳(ru)母言之(zhi)。郑(zheng)玄云：“桑(sang)弧蓬矢，本(ben)大(da)古也(ye)，天地四(si)方，男子所有事也(ye)。”士妻、大(da)夫之(zhi)妾(qie)，谓(wei)时自有子者。定本(ben)直(zhi)云“射(she)四(si)方”，无“天地”。案(an)《礼》云“桑(sang)弧蓬矢六(liu)”，今无“天地”，误也(ye)。贾(jia)逵(kui)云：“桑(sang)者，木中之(zhi)众(zhong)，蓬者，草中之(zhi)乱(luan)，取其(qi)长(zhang)大(da)统(tong)众(zhong)而治(zhi)乱(luan)。”

公与文姜、宗妇命之。“世子生三月，君夫人沐浴於外寝，立於阼阶，西乡。世妇抱子升自西阶，君命之，乃降”。盖同宗之妇。
　　○阼，才故反。

[疏]注“世子”至“之妇”。
　　○正义曰：“乃降(jiang)”以(yi)(yi)上，皆(jie)《内则(ze)》文也。郑玄云：“子(zi)升自西(xi)阶(jie)，则(ze)人(ren)(ren)君见世子(zi)於路寝也。见妾子(zi)就(jiu)侧室(shi)，凡子(zi)生(sheng)皆(jie)就(jiu)侧室(shi)。”以(yi)(yi)其生(sheng)於侧室(shi)，见於路寝，故(gu)从外而升阶(jie)也。襄二年葬(zang)齐姜，传曰：“齐侯(hou)使诸姜宗(zong)妇(fu)来送葬(zang)。”诸姜是同姓(xing)之女，知宗(zong)妇(fu)是同宗(zong)之妇(fu)也。公与夫人(ren)(ren)共命之，故(gu)使宗(zong)妇(fu)侍(shi)夫人(ren)(ren)。

公问名於申繻。对曰：“名有五，有信，有义，有象，有假，有类。申繻，鲁大夫。
　　○繻音须(xu)。以(yi)名生为信，若唐叔(shu)虞(yu)，鲁公子(zi)友。以(yi)德命为义，若文(wen)王名昌，武(wu)王名发(fa)。

[疏]注“若文”至“名发”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)本纪》称(cheng)：大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)见(jian)季历“生昌(chang)，有(you)(you)圣(sheng)瑞(rui)”，乃言(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“我(wo)世(shi)当有(you)(you)兴(xing)者(zhe)，其(qi)在昌(chang)乎！”则是大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)见(jian)其(qi)有(you)(you)瑞(rui)，度其(qi)当兴(xing)，故名(ming)之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)昌(chang)，欲令昌(chang)盛周(zhou)也。其(qi)度德(de)命(ming)发(fa)，则无以言(yan)之(zhi)。服虔(qian)云(yun)谓(wei)若(ruo)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)度德(de)命(ming)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)昌(chang)，文(wen)王(wang)(wang)命(ming)武王(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)发(fa)，似(si)其(qi)有(you)(you)旧说也。旧说以为文(wen)王(wang)(wang)见(jian)武王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)生，以为必(bi)发(fa)兵诛暴，故名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)发(fa)。

以类命(ming)为(wei)象，若孔子首(shou)象尼丘。

[疏]注“若孔”至“尼丘”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《孔子世家(jia)》云(yun)：叔梁(liang)纥与颜氏祷於尼丘(qiu)，得孔子。孔子生而首上污(wu)顶，故因名(ming)曰(yue)丘(qiu)，字仲尼，是(shi)其象(xiang)尼丘(qiu)也。

取於物为假，若伯鱼生，人有馈之鱼，因名之曰鲤。
　　○鲤音里。

[疏]注“若伯”至“曰鲤”。
　　○正义曰：《家语·本姓篇(pian)》云(yun)：孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)年十(shi)九娶(qu)於(wu)宋并官氏，一岁(sui)而生(sheng)(sheng)伯鱼(yu)。伯鱼(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)，鲁昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)以鲤鱼(yu)赐(ci)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)荣君之赐(ci)，因名子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰鲤，字伯鱼(yu)。此(ci)注不言昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)赐(ci)而云(yun)人有馈(kui)之者，如《家语》，则伯鱼(yu)之生(sheng)(sheng)，当昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)九年。昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)庸君，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)尚少，未必能(neng)尊重圣(sheng)人，礼(li)其生(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。取(qu)其意而遗其人，疑其非(fei)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)故(gu)。

取於父为(wei)类。若子同生，有与父同者。不以国，国君之子，不自以本国为(wei)名也。

[疏]注“国君”至“名也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：下云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)废(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”，以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可易，须废(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)讳。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)他(ta)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)须自(zi)废(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)。且春(chun)秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)世，晋侯(hou)周、卫侯(hou)郑(zheng)、陈侯(hou)吴(wu)、卫侯(hou)晋之(zhi)(zhi)徒，皆以(yi)(yi)他(ta)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)，谓国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)自(zi)以(yi)(yi)本(ben)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川者(zhe)，亦(yi)谓国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川。下云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川则(ze)废(fei)(fei)主”，谓废(fei)(fei)主谓废(fei)(fei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)所主祭(ji)也(ye)。若(ruo)他(ta)国(guo)(guo)(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川则(ze)非其(qi)(qi)主，不(bu)(bu)(bu)须废(fei)(fei)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)虽(sui)因公之(zhi)(zhi)问而对以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)法，《曲礼(li)》亦(yi)云(yun)：“名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)子(zi)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)日(ri)月，不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)隐(yin)疾，不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川。”则(ze)诸(zhu)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)者(zhe)，臣(chen)民(min)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)注以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)言国(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)特云(yun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)子(zi)耳，其(qi)(qi)实虽(sui)非国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。其(qi)(qi)言废(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、废(fei)(fei)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)徒，唯谓国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，若(ruo)使臣(chen)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)家不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)(fei)也(ye)。然则(ze)臣(chen)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川。而孔(kong)子(zi)鲁人，尼丘(qiu)，鲁山(shan)(shan)(shan)，得(de)以(yi)(yi)丘(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)，盖以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)有象，故(gu)特以(yi)(yi)类命(ming)。非常例(li)也(ye)。

不以(yi)(yi)官，不以(yi)(yi)山川(chuan)，不以(yi)(yi)隐疾，隐，痛；疾，患。辟(pi)不祥也。

[疏]注“隐(yin)痛(tong)”至(zhi)“祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)”。正义(yi)曰(yue)：郑玄云：“隐(yin)疾(ji)，衣中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”谓若(ruo)黑(hei)臀(tun)、黑(hei)肱矣(yi)。疾(ji)在外者，虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)得言，尚可(ke)指摘(zhai)。此则无(wu)时可(ke)辟，俗语云：“隐(yin)疾(ji)难为(wei)医。”案《周语》单(dan)襄公曰(yue)：“吾闻成公之(zhi)(zhi)生也(ye)(ye)，其母梦神规其臀(tun)以黑(hei)，曰(yue)‘使(shi)有(you)晋(jin)国’，故(gu)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘黑(hei)臀(tun)’。”此与叔虞(yu)、季友复何以异？而云不(bu)(bu)(bu)得名也(ye)(ye)？且(qie)黑(hei)臀(tun)、黑(hei)肱本非(fei)疾(ji)病，以证隐(yin)疾(ji)，非(fei)其类也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》称“如(ru)有(you)隐(yin)忧”，是(shi)隐(yin)为(wei)痛(tong)也(ye)(ye)。以痛(tong)疾(ji)为(wei)名，则不(bu)(bu)(bu)祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)甚，故(gu)以为(wei)辟不(bu)(bu)(bu)祥(xiang)。

不以畜牲，畜牲，六畜。

[疏]注“畜牲，六畜”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《尔雅·释畜》於马(ma)、牛、羊、豕(shi)、狗、鸡之下，题曰(yue)六(liu)(liu)畜。故(gu)郑(zheng)众(zhong)、服(fu)虔皆以六(liu)(liu)畜为(wei)(wei)马(ma)、牛、羊、豕(shi)、犬、鸡。《周(zhou)礼》“牧人掌牧六(liu)(liu)牲”，郑(zheng)玄亦以马(ma)、牛等六(liu)(liu)者为(wei)(wei)之。然则畜牲一物，养之则为(wei)(wei)畜，共用则为(wei)(wei)牲，故(gu)并以六(liu)(liu)畜解六(liu)(liu)牲。

不以器币。币，玉(yu)帛(bo)。

[疏]注“币，玉帛”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《周礼·小行人》：“合六币，圭以(yi)(yi)(yi)马，璋(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮，璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)帛，琮以(yi)(yi)(yi)锦，琥以(yi)(yi)(yi)绣(xiu)，璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼。”然则(ze)“币，玉(yu)帛”者，谓此(ci)圭、璋(zhang)、璧、琮、帛、锦、绣(xiu)、黼之(zhi)(zhi)属也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)币以(yi)(yi)(yi)币为玉(yu)帛，则(ze)器(qi)者非徒玉(yu)器(qi)。服(fu)虔(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为俎豆、罍彝、牺象之(zhi)(zhi)属，皆不可以(yi)(yi)(yi)为名也。

周人以讳事神，名，终将讳之。君父之名，固非臣子所斥然；礼既卒哭，以木铎徇曰：“舍故而讳新”，谓舍亲尽之祖而讳新死者，故言“以讳事神，名，终将讳之”。自父至高祖，皆不敢斥言。
　　○“周人以(yi)(yi)讳(hui)事(shi)神，名(ming)”，绝句(ju)。众(zhong)家多以(yi)(yi)“名(ming)”字属下句(ju)。铎，待洛反。徇，似俊反，本又作殉，同。舍音舍，下同。

[疏]“周人”至“讳之”。
　　○正义曰：自殷以往，未有讳法。讳始於周，周人尊神之故，为之讳名，以此讳法，敬事明神，故言周人以讳事神。子生三月，为之立名，终久必将讳之，故须豫有所辟，为下诸废张本也。终将讳之，谓死后乃讳之。
　　○注“君父”至“斥言”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，固非(fei)臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”，谓(wei)君(jun)(jun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得指斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》称(cheng)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)前(qian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)名，君(jun)(jun)前(qian)臣(chen)(chen)名”。郑玄云(yun)：“对(dui)至(zhi)尊，无大小皆(jie)相名。”是(shi)对(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，则(ze)弟可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名兄；对(dui)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，非(fei)此则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)十四(si)年(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“齐公子(zi)(zi)(zi)元不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺懿公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘公’，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘夫(fu)已氏(shi)’。”注云(yun)：“犹言(yan)(yan)某甲。”是(shi)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)君(jun)(jun)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺，故(gu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名，知(zhi)平(ping)常不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成十六年(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“栾书(shu)将(jiang)载晋侯，针曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘书(shu)退，国有大任，焉得专(zhuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’”注云(yun)：“在君(jun)(jun)前(qian)，故(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)名其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)对(dui)君(jun)(jun)，故(gu)名其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。知(zhi)平(ping)常不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)名，犹未是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“卒哭(ku)(ku)乃(nai)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。”郑玄云(yun)：“敬鬼神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，辟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。生者，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相辟名。卫侯名恶，大夫(fu)有石(shi)恶，君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)同(tong)名，《春(chun)秋》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)非(fei)。”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)未为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)得与君(jun)(jun)同(tong)名。但言(yan)(yan)及於(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)君(jun)(jun)名耳(er)。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)生已不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，死复为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，欲表为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)然以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)形之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)既(ji)卒哭(ku)(ku)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)铎(duo)徇曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“舍故(gu)而(er)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)新。自(zi)寝门(men)至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)库门(men)。”皆(jie)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记·檀弓》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)引其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)，更(geng)解其(qi)(qi)(qi)意，谓(wei)舍亲尽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)而(er)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)新死者也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亲尽，谓(wei)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，服绝庙(miao)毁而(er)亲情尽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卒哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鬼神(shen)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)神(shen)，又解终(zhong)将(jiang)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)世数，自(zi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)上至(zhi)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢斥(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，言(yan)(yan)此谓(wei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“逮事(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)，则(ze)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)王父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逮事(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)王父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)。”郑玄云(yun)“此谓(wei)庶人(ren)(ren)適士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上庙(miao)事(shi)祖(zu)，虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逮事(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)，犹讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)祖(zu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)立庙(miao)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无容不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯立亲庙(miao)四(si)，故(gu)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，亲尽乃(nai)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)神(shen)，则(ze)是(shi)神(shen)名必讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。文(wen)王名昌，武王名发(fa)。《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)·雍(yong)》，禘(di)大祖(zu)，祭文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)经曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“克昌厥后(hou)”。周公制《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》，《醢(hai)人(ren)(ren)》有“昌本”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菹。《七月》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，周公所(suo)作，经曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日觱发(fa)。”《烝民》诗(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“四(si)方爰发(fa)。”皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)而(er)得言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，古人(ren)(ren)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者，临时言(yan)(yan)语(yu)有所(suo)辟耳(er)，至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)制作经典则(ze)直言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)书(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，临文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。”是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)书(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辟讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由(you)作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)祭得歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《尚书(shu)·牧誓(shi)》云(yun)“今子(zi)(zi)(zi)发(fa)”，《武成》云(yun)“周王发(fa)”。武王称(cheng)名告众，史官录而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，知(zhi)於(wu)(wu)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《金(jin)縢》云(yun)“元孙某”，独讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者，成王启金(jin)縢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)，亲自(zi)读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)改(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“某”。既(ji)读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，史官始录，依王所(suo)读，遂(sui)即云(yun)“某”。《武成》、《牧誓(shi)》则(ze)宣(xuan)诸众人(ren)(ren)，宣(xuan)讫(qi)则(ze)录，故(gu)因而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古者讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)字，《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)字为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)，明其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。屈原云(yun)：“朕皇考曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)伯庸(yong)。”是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

故以国(guo)则废名，国(guo)不(bu)可易，故废名。

[疏]注“国不”至“废名”。
　　○正义曰：国(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)受之(zhi)天子，不(bu)可辄易。若(ruo)以国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)名(ming)，终卒(zu)之(zhi)后(hou)则(ze)(ze)废(fei)名(ming)不(bu)讳；若(ruo)未卒(zu)之(zhi)前，误(wu)以本国(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)名(ming)，则(ze)(ze)改(gai)其所名(ming)。晋(jin)之(zhi)先(xian)君唐叔封(feng)唐，燮父称(cheng)晋(jin)。若(ruo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)可易而晋(jin)得改(gai)者(zhe)，盖(gai)王命使改(gai)之(zhi)。

以官(guan)则废职，以山(shan)川(chuan)则废主，改其山(shan)川(chuan)之名。

[疏]注“改其山川之名”。
　　○正义曰：废(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，谓(wei)废(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)所主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)之名，不(bu)(bu)废(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)所主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之祭。知者(zhe)，汉文帝讳恒，改北岳为常山(shan)，讳名不(bu)(bu)废(fei)(fei)岳是也(ye)。刘炫云：废(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，谓(wei)废(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)所主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)，不(bu)(bu)复更得其(qi)(qi)祀，故须改其(qi)(qi)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)之名。鲁改二山(shan)，是其(qi)(qi)事也(ye)。

以(yi)畜牲则(ze)废(fei)祀，名猪(zhu)则(ze)废(fei)猪(zhu)，名羊则(ze)废(fei)羊。以(yi)器币则(ze)废(fei)礼。晋以(yi)僖侯(hou)废(fei)司徒，僖侯(hou)名司徒，废(fei)为中军。

[疏]“废祀”、“废礼”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：祀(si)以牲为(wei)主，无牲则祀(si)废。器币以行(xing)礼(li)，器少则礼(li)阙。祀(si)虽用器，少一器而祀(si)不废，且诸礼(li)皆用器币，故以废礼(li)总之。

宋以武公废司空，武公名司空，废为司城。先君献、武废二山，二山，具、敖也。鲁献公名具，武公名敖，更以其乡名山。
　　○敖，五羔反。

[疏]注“二山”至“名山”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《晋语》云：“范献子(zi)(zi)(zi)聘(pin)於鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)，问具、敖之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)，鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)以(yi)其(qi)乡(xiang)对(dui)。”献子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)：“不(bu)(bu)为(wei)具、敖乎？”对(dui)曰(yue)：“先(xian)君(jun)献、武之(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)也。”是其(qi)以(yi)乡(xiang)名山(shan)也。《礼(li)》称“舍故(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)讳(hui)(hui)新”，亲尽(jin)不(bu)(bu)复更(geng)讳(hui)(hui)。计献子(zi)(zi)(zi)聘(pin)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)昭(zhao)公之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，献、武之(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)久已(yi)舍矣，而(er)(er)尚以(yi)乡(xiang)对(dui)者(zhe)，当讳(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)时改其(qi)山(shan)号，讳(hui)(hui)虽已(yi)舍，山(shan)不(bu)(bu)复名。故(gu)(gu)依本改名，以(yi)其(qi)乡(xiang)对(dui)。犹司徒、司空，虽历世(shi)多而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)复改名也。然献子(zi)(zi)(zi)言之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)失礼(li)，而(er)(er)云名其(qi)二讳(hui)(hui)以(yi)自尤者(zhe)，《礼(li)》：入(ru)(ru)国而(er)(er)问禁，入(ru)(ru)门而(er)(er)问讳(hui)(hui)。献子(zi)(zi)(zi)入(ru)(ru)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)(bu)问，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)惭耳。

是以大物不(bu)可(ke)以命(ming)。”公(gong)曰：“是其生也，与吾同物，命(ming)之曰同。”物，类(lei)也。谓同日(ri)。

[疏]注“物，类也。谓同日”。
　　○正义曰：《鲁世(shi)家》云：“桓公六年，夫人生子，与桓公同日(ri)(ri)，故(gu)名之(zhi)曰同。”是知同物为同日(ri)(ri)也。言物，类(lei)者，辨此以为类(lei)命也。

冬，纪侯来(lai)朝(chao)，请王(wang)命以(yi)求成于齐(qi)。公告(gao)不能(neng)。纪微(wei)弱，不能(neng)自通於(wu)天子，欲因公以(yi)请王(wang)命，无宠於(wu)王(wang)，故告(gao)不能(neng)。

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