卷三十一 丧服第(di)十一
继父同居者。
[疏]“继父同居者”。
○释曰(yue):继父(fu)(fu)本非骨(gu)肉,故(gu)次在女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)下(xia)。案《郊(jiao)特牲》云:夫死不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁(jia),终(zhong)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)改。诗恭姜自誓不(bu)(bu)(bu)许(xu)再归,此得有妇人将子(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)而有继父(fu)(fu)者,彼不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁(jia)者,自是贞女守(shou)志(zhi),而有嫁(jia)者,虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁(jia),圣人许(xu)之(zhi),故(gu)《齐(qi)衰三年(nian)章(zhang)》有继母(mu),此又(you)有继父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)文也。
传(chuan)曰:何以(yi)期(qi)也?《传(chuan)》曰:“夫死,妻(qi)稚,子(zi)(zi)幼,子(zi)(zi)无大功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)。而所(suo)(suo)適(shi)(shi)者(zhe),亦无大功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),所(suo)(suo)適(shi)(shi)者(zhe)以(yi)其货财为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筑宫庙,岁时使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀焉(yan),妻(qi)不(bu)敢(gan)与(yu)焉(yan)。”若是,则(ze)继父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。同(tong)居(ju)(ju)则(ze)服齐衰期(qi),异居(ju)(ju)则(ze)服齐衰三月。必(bi)尝(chang)同(tong)居(ju)(ju),然后为(wei)异居(ju)(ju),未尝(chang)同(tong)居(ju)(ju),则(ze)不(bu)为(wei)异居(ju)(ju)。妻(qi)稚,谓(wei)年未满五十。子(zi)(zi)幼,谓(wei)年十五已下(xia)。子(zi)(zi)无大功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),谓(wei)同(tong)财者(zhe)也。为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筑宫庙於家门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,神不(bu)歆非族。妻(qi)不(bu)敢(gan)与(yu)焉(yan),恩虽至亲(qin),族已绝矣。夫不(bu)可二,此以(yi)恩服尔。未尝(chang)同(tong)居(ju)(ju),则(ze)不(bu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
[疏]“传曰”至“异居”。
○释曰:“何以期也”者,以本非骨肉,故致问也。“传曰”已下,并是引旧传为问答。自此至齐衰期,谓子家无大功之内亲,继父家亦无大功之内亲,继父以财货为此子筑宫庙,使此子四时祭祀不绝,三者皆具,即为同居,子为之期,以继父恩深故也。言妻不言母者,已適他族,与己绝,故言妻,欲见与他为妻,不合祭己之父故也。云“异居则服齐衰三月。必尝同居,然后为异居”者,此一节论异居,继父言异者,昔同今异,谓上三者若阙一事,则为异居。假令前三者仍是具,后或继父有子,即是继父有大功之内亲,亦为异居矣。如此,父死为之齐衰三月,入下文《齐衰三月章》继父是也。云必尝同居然后为异居者,欲见前时三者具,为同居,后三者一事阙,即为异居之意。云“未尝同居,则不为异居”,谓子初与母往继父家时,或继父有大功内亲,或已有大功内亲,或继父不为已筑宫庙,三者一事阙,虽同在继父家,亦名不同居,继父全不服之矣。
○注“妻稚”至“服之”。
○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)“妻稚谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)未(wei)满五(wu)十(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《内则(ze)(ze)(ze)》妾年(nian)(nian)五(wu)十(shi)闭房,不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)御,何(he)得(de)(de)更(geng)嫁?故未(wei)满五(wu)十(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)幼谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)五(wu)已下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“可以讬六(liu)尺(chi)之孤”,郑亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)五(wu)已下(xia)(xia)”,知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《周礼·乡(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“国(guo)中自七(qi)尺(chi)以及六(liu)十(shi),野自六(liu)尺(chi)以及六(liu)十(shi)有(you)(you)五(wu),皆(jie)征之。”七(qi)尺(chi)谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)二(er)十(shi),六(liu)尺(chi)谓(wei)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)五(wu)。十(shi)五(wu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)受征役,何(he)得(de)(de)随母(mu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)子(zi)幼十(shi)五(wu)已下(xia)(xia)。言“已下(xia)(xia)”则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)通十(shi)五(wu),以其(qi)十(shi)五(wu)受征,明(ming)(ming)据十(shi)四至年(nian)(nian)一岁已上(shang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)功之亲(qin)谓(wei)同财”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)(xia)记云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)功巳下(xia)(xia)为(wei)兄(xiong)弟(di)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)功已下(xia)(xia)疏(shu),故得(de)(de)兄(xiong)弟(di)之称。则(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)功之亲(qin)容同财共活可知(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)之筑宫庙(miao)於(wu)家门之外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)中门外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)己(ji)宗庙(miao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)在大(da)(da)门外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)筑之也(ye)。必在大(da)(da)门外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)筑之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),神不(bu)(bu)(bu)歆非(fei)族(zu)故也(ye)。若在门内,於(wu)鬼神为(wei)非(fei)族(zu),恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)歆之,是以大(da)(da)门外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)为(wei)之。随母(mu)嫁得(de)(de)有(you)(you)庙(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)必正庙(miao),但是鬼神所居曰(yue)庙(miao),若《祭(ji)法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶人祭(ji)於(wu)寝也(ye)”,神不(bu)(bu)(bu)歆非(fei)族(zu),《大(da)(da)戴礼》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可二(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)妻,明(ming)(ming)据继父(fu)而言,以其(qi)与继父(fu)为(wei)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可更(geng)於(wu)前(qian)夫(fu)为(wei)妻而祭(ji),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可二(er)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)以恩服尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并解(jie)为(wei)继父(fu)期与三月。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未(wei)尝(chang)同居则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)同居与异居有(you)(you)服,明(ming)(ming)未(wei)尝(chang)同居不(bu)(bu)(bu)服可知(zhi)。
为夫之(zhi)君。传曰:何(he)以期也(ye)(ye)?从服(fu)也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“为夫之君传曰”至“从服也”。
○释(shi)曰:此以从(cong)服(fu),故(gu)(gu)次继父下。但(dan)臣之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)皆禀命(ming)於君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)人(ren),不从(cong)服(fu)小君(jun)(jun)者(zhe),欲明夫(fu)人(ren)命(ming)亦由(you)君(jun)(jun)来(lai),故(gu)(gu)臣妻(qi)於夫(fu)人(ren)无服(fu)也(ye)(ye)。不直言(yan)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)而(er)(er)言(yan)为(wei)者(zhe),以夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)而(er)(er)言(yan)为(wei)者(zhe),以夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)从(cong)服(fu)轻,故(gu)(gu)特言(yan)为(wei)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。传曰“何(he)以期(qi)”者(zhe),问比例者(zhe),怪(guai)人(ren)疏(shu)而(er)(er)同亲者(zhe),故(gu)(gu)发问。云“从(cong)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)”,以夫(fu)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)斩,故(gu)(gu)妻(qi)从(cong)服(fu)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)。
姑、姊妹(mei)、女子(zi)子(zi)適人无主者,姑、姊妹(mei)报。
[疏]“姑姊”至“姊妹报”。
○释(shi)曰:此等亲出(chu)適,已降在大(da)(da)功,虽矜(jin)之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)期,不绝(jue)於夫氏,故次义服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)下。女子子閒在上,不言报(bao)者,女子子出(chu)適大(da)(da)功,反为(wei)父母,自然犹期,不须(xu)言报(bao),故不言也(ye)。姑对侄,姊妹(mei)对兄(xiong)弟出(chu)適,反为(wei)侄与兄(xiong)弟大(da)(da)功,侄与兄(xiong)弟为(wei)之(zhi)降至大(da)(da)功,今还相为(wei)期,故须(xu)言报(bao)也(ye)。
传曰(yue):无主者,谓其无祭(ji)主者也(ye)。何以(yi)期也(ye)?为其无祭(ji)主故(gu)也(ye)。无主后者,人(ren)之所哀怜,不忍降(jiang)之。
[疏]“传曰”至“主者也”。
○释曰:云“无主者谓其无祭主”者,无主有二:谓丧主、祭主。传不言丧主者,丧有无后,无无主者,若当家无丧主,或取五服之内亲,又无五服亲,则取东西家,若无则里尹主之。今无主者,谓无祭主也,故可哀怜而不降也。
○注“无主”至“降之”。
○释曰(yue):云“人之所哀怜”者(zhe),谓(wei)行路之人,见此无夫复(fu)无子而(er)不(bu)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),犹生哀{敏心},况侄与兄弟及父母,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)忍降(jiang)之也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),除此之外,馀(yu)人为之服者(zhe),仍依出降(jiang)之服,而(er)不(bu)服加,以其(qi)馀(yu)人恩疏(shu)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)言(yan)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)而(er)云適(shi)人者(zhe),若(ruo)言(yan)適(shi)人,即谓(wei)士也(ye)(ye);若(ruo)言(yan)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)之,嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)之乃嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)於大(da)夫,於本亲又以尊降(jiang),不(bu)得言(yan)报(bao),故(gu)(gu)云適(shi)人不(bu)言(yan)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)。
为君之父(fu)母、妻、长子、祖(zu)父(fu)母。
[疏]“为君之父母妻长子祖父母”。
○释曰:此亦(yi)从(cong)服轻,於夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)(jun)及(ji)姑姊(zi)妹(mei)女子(zi)子(zi)无主,故次之(zhi)。言(yan)“为(wei)”者,亦(yi)如为(wei)夫(fu)之(zhi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)。
传(chuan)曰:何(he)以(yi)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)?从服也(ye)(ye)。父(fu)母、长子,君服斩。妻,则小君也(ye)(ye)。父(fu)卒,然后为祖(zu)后者(zhe)服斩。此为君矣,而(er)有父(fu)若祖(zu)之(zhi)丧者(zhe),谓始封之(zhi)君也(ye)(ye)。若是(shi)继体,则其父(fu)若祖(zu)有废(fei)疾不(bu)立(li)。父(fu)卒者(zhe),父(fu)为君之(zhi)孙,宜嗣位而(er)早(zao)卒,今君受(shou)国於曾祖(zu)。
[疏]“传曰”至“者服斩”。
○释曰:云“父母长子君服斩”者,欲见臣从君服期。若然,君之母当在齐衰,与君父同在斩者,以母亦有三年之服,故并言之。云“妻则小君也”者,欲见臣为小君,期是常,非从服之例。云“父卒然后为祖后者服斩”者,传解经臣为君之祖父母服期,若君在,则为君祖父母从服期。
○注“此为”至“尊祖”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“此为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)矣,而(er)有(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)若(ruo)(ruo)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)者(zhe)(zhe),谓始封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)《周礼·典命(ming)(ming)》三公(gong)八(ba)命(ming)(ming),其卿六命(ming)(ming),大夫(fu)四命(ming)(ming),出(chu)封皆加一(yi)等,是(shi)五等诸侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)非继体(ti),容(rong)有(you)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)死,君(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)亦(yi)从服期(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)继体(ti),则其父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)若(ruo)(ruo)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)癈(fei)疾(ji)不(bu)立(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),此祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)与父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)合立(li)(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)癈(fei)疾(ji)不(bu)立(li)(li),己当(dang)立(li)(li),是(shi)受(shou)国於(wu)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),此二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)是(shi)不(bu)立(li)(li),今君(jun)(jun)(jun)立(li)(li)不(bu)关父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙宜嗣(si)位(wei)而(er)早(zao)卒(zu)(zu)(zu),今君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)国於(wu)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe),此解传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”耳(er)。郑意以(yi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)癈(fei)疾(ji),必(bi)以(yi)今君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)国於(wu)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),不(bu)取受(shou)国於(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)。若(ruo)(ruo)今君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)国於(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)薨(hong),则群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩,何(he)得(de)从服期(qi)(qi)?故郑以(yi)新(xin)君(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)国於(wu)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)薨(hong),群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)自(zi)当(dang)服斩,若(ruo)(ruo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)薨(hong),君(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服斩,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)从服期(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙,宜嗣(si)位(wei)而(er)早(zao)卒(zu)(zu)(zu),则君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)亦(yi)是(shi)癈(fei)疾(ji),或(huo)早(zao)死不(bu)立(li)(li),是(shi)以(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)国於(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),复早(zao)卒(zu)(zu)(zu),今君(jun)(jun)(jun)乃受(shou)国於(wu)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。赵(zhao)商问(wen):“己为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)癈(fei)疾(ji),不(bu)任国政(zheng),不(bu)任丧(sang)事,而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)服,制度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,年(nian)(nian)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)断云(yun)(yun)何(he)?”答云(yun)(yun):“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)后者(zhe)(zhe)三年(nian)(nian)斩,何(he)疑?”赵(zhao)商又(you)问(wen):“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)后者(zhe)(zhe)三年(nian)(nian),已(yi)闻命(ming)(ming)矣。所问(wen)者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)如何(he)?欲言(yan)三年(nian)(nian)则父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai),欲言(yan)期(qi)(qi),复无主,斩杖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,主丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,未知(zhi)所定。”答曰(yue):“天(tian)子(zi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),皆斩衰,无期(qi)(qi)。”彼(bi)志与此注(zhu)相兼乃具也(ye)(ye)。
妾为女君。
[疏]“妾为女君”。
○释曰:妾(qie)事(shi)女君(jun),使,与(yu)臣事(shi)君(jun)同,故次之也。以其(qi)妻既与(yu)夫(fu)体敌(di),妾(qie)不得体夫(fu),故名妾(qie)。妾(qie),接也,接事(shi)適妻,故妾(qie)称適妻为女君(jun)也。
传(chuan)曰:何以期(qi)也?妾(qie)之(zhi)事(shi)女(nv)君,与妇之(zhi)事(shi)舅姑等。女(nv)君,君適妻也。女(nv)君於妾(qie)无(wu)服,报之(zhi)则重,降之(zhi)则嫌。
[疏]“传曰”至“姑等”。
○释曰:传意谓妾或是妻之侄娣同事一人,忽为之重服,故发问也。答曰“妾之事女君与妇之事舅姑等”者,妇之事舅姑亦期,故云“等”。但并后匹適,倾覆之阶,故抑之,虽或侄娣,使如子之妻,与妇事舅姑同也。
○注“女君”至“则嫌”。
○释(shi)曰:云“女君於妾(qie)无(wu)服”者,诸经传无(wu)女君服妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,故(gu)云无(wu)服。必无(wu)服者,郑(zheng)解(jie)其不服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),是以(yi)云“报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)重”。还报(bao)以(yi)期,无(wu)尊卑(bei)降(jiang)杀,大(da)重也。云“降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)嫌(xian)”者,若降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)功、小功,则(ze)似舅姑为適妇庶(shu)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian),故(gu)使女君为妾(qie)无(wu)服也。
妇为舅姑。
[疏]“妇为舅姑”。
○释曰(yue):文(wen)在此者,既欲(yu)(yu)抑妾事(shi)(shi)女君(jun),使如(ru)事(shi)(shi)舅姑(gu),故妇事(shi)(shi)舅姑(gu)在下,欲(yu)(yu)使妾情先於(wu)妇,故妇文(wen)在后也。
传(chuan)曰:何以期也?从服也。
[疏]“传曰”至“从服也”。
○释曰:问(wen)之者,本是(shi)路(lu)人,与子判(pan)合,则(ze)为重服(fu),服(fu)夫之父母,故问(wen)也(ye)。云(yun)“从(cong)服(fu)也(ye)”者,答辞既得体,其子为亲,故重服(fu),为其舅姑也(ye)。
夫之(zhi)昆弟之(zhi)子(zi)。男女皆是。
[疏]“夫之昆弟之子”。
○注“男女皆是”。
○释曰:《檀弓》云(yun):“兄弟之(zhi)子(zi)犹子(zi)也。”盖引而进(jin)之(zhi),进(jin)同己子(zi),故(gu)二母(mu)为之(zhi),亦(yi)如已子(zi)服期也。云(yun)“男女(nv)皆是”者,据女(nv)在室与出嫁,与二母(mu)相为服同期与大功,故(gu)子(zi)中兼男女(nv),但以义服情轻,同妇事舅姑,故(gu)次(ci)在下也。
传曰:何以期也?报之也。
[疏]“传曰何以期也报之也”。
○释曰:“报(bao)(bao)(bao)之(zhi)”者,二(er)母与(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)本(ben)是(shi)路人(ren),为配二(er)父,而有母名(ming),为之(zhi)服期,故(gu)二(er)母报(bao)(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)还服期。若然,上世(shi)叔之(zhi)下不言(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao),至(zhi)此言(yan)之(zhi)者,二(er)父本(ben)是(shi)父之(zhi)一体,又引同己(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不得言(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao),至(zhi)此本(ben)疏,故(gu)言(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao)也(ye)。
公妾、大夫(fu)之妾为其子(zi)。
[疏]“公妾大夫之妾为其子”。
○释曰:二妾为其子,应(ying)降而不(bu)降,重(zhong)出此文,故次(ci)之。
传(chuan)曰:何以(yi)期也?妾(qie)(qie)不得体(ti)君,为其(qi)子得遂也。此言二妾(qie)(qie)不得从於女君尊(zun)降(jiang)其(qi)子也。女君与(yu)君一体(ti),唯为长(zhang)子三年,其(qi)馀(yu)以(yi)尊(zun)降(jiang)之,与(yu)妾(qie)(qie)子同也。
[疏]“传曰”至“遂也”。
○释曰:传嫌二妾承尊应降,今不降,故发问。答云“妾不得体君为其子得遂也”者,诸侯绝旁期,为众子无服,大夫降一等,为众子大功。其妻体君,皆从夫而降之,至於二妾贱,皆不得体君,君不厌妾,故自为其子得伸,遂而服期也。
○注“此言”至“同也”。
○释曰:云“唯为(wei)长子三年”,更(geng)云“其馀”,谓己所(suo)生第二(er)已下,以尊降,与妾子同,诸侯(hou)夫人无服,大(da)夫妻为(wei)之大(da)功也。
女子子为祖父母。
[疏]“女子子为祖父母”。
○释曰:章首已言“为祖父母”,兼男女,彼女据成人之女,此(ci)言“女子子”,谓十五许(xu)嫁者,亦(yi)以(yi)重出(chu)其(qi)文,故次(ci)在此(ci)也(ye)。
传曰:何以期(qi)也?不(bu)敢降其(qi)祖也。经(jing)似(si)在室,传似(si)已嫁。明虽有出道(dao),犹不(bu)降。
[疏]“传曰”至“祖也”。
○释曰:祖父母正期也。已嫁之女,可降旁亲,祖父母正期,故不降也,故云“不敢降其祖也”。
○注“经似”至“不降”。
○释(shi)曰:知经(jing)似(si)在(zai)(zai)室者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“女子(zi)子(zi)”,无嫁(jia)文,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“似(si)在(zai)(zai)室”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)似(si)已(yi)嫁(jia)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其言(yan)“不(bu)敢(gan)(gan)”,则(ze)有敢(gan)(gan)者(zhe)(zhe),敢(gan)(gan)谓(wei)(wei)出嫁(jia),降(jiang)旁亲,是(shi)已(yi)嫁(jia)之(zhi)文。此(ci)言(yan)不(bu)敢(gan)(gan),是(shi)虽(sui)嫁(jia)而(er)(er)不(bu)敢(gan)(gan)降(jiang)祖,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)似(si)已(yi)嫁(jia)”也(ye)。经(jing)传(chuan)互言(yan)之(zhi),欲见(jian)在(zai)(zai)室、出嫁(jia)同不(bu)降(jiang),故郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明(ming)虽(sui)有出道(dao)犹不(bu)降(jiang)”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“出道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe),女子(zi)子(zi)虽(sui)十五许嫁(jia),始行纳(na)采、问名(ming)、纳(na)吉、纳(na)徵(zhi)四礼,即著笄为成(cheng)人,得降(jiang)旁亲。要至二十乃行,谓(wei)(wei)请期(qi)、亲迎之(zhi)礼,以(yi)其笄而(er)(er)未出,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)虽(sui)有出道(dao),犹不(bu)降(jiang)。不(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)出而(er)(er)言(yan)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe),实未出,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)出道(dao),犹如(ru)郑注《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“虽(sui)不(bu)得禄(lu)(lu),亦得禄(lu)(lu)之(zhi)道(dao)。”是(shi)亦未得禄(lu)(lu)而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)之(zhi)道(dao),亦此(ci)类也(ye)。
大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)世父母、叔父母、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、昆(kun)弟、昆(kun)弟之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),唯子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)。传曰(yue):大(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)男子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)妇(fu)人之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)妻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)之(zhi)无(wu)祭(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。何(he)(he)以言(yan)(yan)唯子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)也?女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)適人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)父母期(qi),故言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)也。言(yan)(yan)其(qi)馀皆报(bao)(bao)(bao)也。何(he)(he)以期(qi)也?父之(zhi)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)也。大(da)夫(fu)曷为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)也?夫(fu)尊於朝(chao)(chao),妻贵於室(shi)矣(yi)。命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),加(jia)爵(jue)服之(zhi)名。自士至上公(gong),凡(fan)九等。君命(ming)(ming)其(qi)夫(fu),则后夫(fu)人亦命(ming)(ming)其(qi)妻矣(yi)。此所(suo)为(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)六命(ming)(ming)夫(fu)、六命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)。无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)妇(fu)之(zhi)无(wu)祭(ji)主(zhu)(zhu),谓(wei)姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也。其(qi)有(you)祭(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如众人。唯子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)(bao),男女(nv)同(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)尔。传以为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)谓(wei)女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),似失之(zhi)矣(yi)。大(da)夫(fu)曷为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)命(ming)(ming)妇(fu),据大(da)夫(fu)於姑(gu)姊妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),既以出降(jiang)在(zai)大(da)功(gong),其(qi)適士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又以尊降(jiang)在(zai)小功(gong)也。夫(fu)尊於朝(chao)(chao),与己同(tong),妻贵於室(shi),从夫(fu)爵(jue)也。
[疏]“大夫之子”至“於室矣”。
○释曰:此言大夫之子为此六大夫、六命妇服期不降之事。其中虽有子女重出其文,其馀并是应降而不降,故次在女子为祖下。但大夫尊,降旁亲一等,此男女皆合降至大功,为作大夫与己尊同,故不降,还服期。若姑姊妹女子子,若出嫁,大功,適士又降至小功。今嫁大夫虽降至大功,为无祭主,哀怜之不忍降,还服期也。传云“无主者命妇之无祭主者也”者,郑兼言命妇,欲见既为命妇不降,又无祭主,更不降服期之意也。传云“何以言唯子不报也”,郑云子中兼男女,传唯据女子子,郑不从也。云“何以期也,父之所不降,子亦不敢降也”者,欲见此经云大夫之子得行大夫礼,降与不降,一与父同,故传据父为大夫为本,以子亦之也。云“大夫曷为不降命妇也”已下,欲见大夫是尊同,大夫妻是妇人,非尊同,亦不降者,传解妻亦与夫同尊卑之意,是以云“夫尊於朝”、“妻贵於室”,以其大夫以上贵,士以下贱,此中无士与士妻,故以贵言之也。
○注“命者”至“夫爵也”。
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)(jia)爵服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun):“锡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?赐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?加(jia)(jia)我(wo)服(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)案(an)(an)《觐礼》“诸公(gong)(gong)奉箧服(fu),加(jia)(jia)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)书於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)”,以(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)侯(hou)氏,是(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)(jia)爵服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“自(zi)士(shi)至上(shang)公(gong)(gong)凡九(jiu)等”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不据爵,皆(jie)据命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而言(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)《大(da)(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)》云(yun)(yun):“以(yi)九(jiu)仪(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),正(zheng)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。壹命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受(shou)爵,再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受(shou)服(fu),三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受(shou)位(wei),四命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)受(shou)器,五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐则,六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐官,七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo),八(ba)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)牧,九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)伯(bo)(bo)。”伯(bo)(bo)则分陕上(shang)公(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)九(jiu)等者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》上(shang)公(gong)(gong)九(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)七命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男五命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming);大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)孤四命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)卿(qing)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming);子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男卿(qing)二(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)不命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)公(gong)(gong)八(ba)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),上(shang)士(shi)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),中(zhong)士(shi)二(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),下士(shi)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。此(ci)经(jing)(jing)虽无士(shi),郑总解天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣、后(hou)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君中(zhong)总天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)。云(yun)(yun)“后(hou)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《礼记》云(yun)(yun):“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自(zi)鲁昭公(gong)(gong)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由昭公(gong)(gong)娶同姓不告天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)不命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),明(ming)臣妻皆(jie)得(de)后(hou)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu),不辨天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,则天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)下但(dan)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)妻皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)所为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)凡六(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),谓世(shi)父(fu)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)父(fu)二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),昆四也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),弟(di)(di)五也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),世(shi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),姑(gu)(gu)三(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),姊(zi)四也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),妹五也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“无主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无祭(ji)(ji)主,谓姑(gu)(gu)姊(zi)妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,郑言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)中(zhong)有(you)(you)世(shi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),故(gu)郑辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)世(shi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)无主有(you)(you)主皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期,故(gu)知(zhi)唯(wei)据此(ci)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如众人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)功矣。云(yun)(yun)“唯(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不报(bao),男女(nv)同不报(bao)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)男女(nv)俱(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)年,父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)唯(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斩,其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀降,何(he)得(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)报(bao),故(gu)知(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)兼男女(nv),是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)传(chuan)唯(wei)据女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不降命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)姑(gu)(gu)姊(zi)妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),既以(yi)出降,其(qi)(qi)(qi)適(shi)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又(you)以(yi)尊降在小功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)亦(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)中(zhong)有(you)(you)二(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),故(gu)郑辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尊於(wu)朝(chao)”已下,郑亦(yi)解姑(gu)(gu)姊(zi)妹女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),贵与已同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。若然,案(an)(an)《曲礼》云(yun)(yun):“四十(shi)强,而仕,五十(shi)艾,服(fu)官政,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”何(he)得(de)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)又(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)?又(you)何(he)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?五十(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),自(zi)是(shi)(shi)常法,大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)德行茂盛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),岂待五十(shi)乃命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?是(shi)(shi)以(yi)《殇(shang)小功》有(you)(you)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)昆弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长殇(shang),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)殇(shang),明(ming)是(shi)(shi)幼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。举此(ci)一(yi)(yi)隅,不得(de)以(yi)常法相(xiang)难也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大夫为祖父母、適孙为士者,
[疏]“大夫”至“为士者”。
○释(shi)曰:祖(zu)与孙为(wei)士(shi)卑,故次在此也。
传曰:何(he)以期也(ye)(ye)?大夫不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)降其(qi)祖(zu)与適也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)降其(qi)祖(zu)与適,则可降其(qi)旁亲(qin)也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]注“不敢”至“亲也”。
○释(shi)曰:大夫以尊降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)旁亲,虽有差约,不(bu)显著,故於(wu)此更明之。经云不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)祖与(yu)適,明於(wu)馀亲降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)可知(zhi),大夫降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)旁亲明矣。
公妾(qie)以及士(shi)妾(qie)为其父母(mu)。
[疏]“公妾”至“父母”。
○释曰:以出嫁为(wei)其父母,亦重出其文,故(gu)次(ci)在此。云“公”,谓五等诸侯皆有(you)八妾(qie),士(shi)谓一妻一妾(qie),中间犹有(you)孤,犹有(you)卿(qing)大夫妻,不言之者,举(ju)其极尊卑,其中有(you)妾(qie),为(wei)父母可知。
传(chuan)曰:何以期也(ye)?妾(qie)不得体君(jun)(jun),得为其父母(mu)遂也(ye)。然则女(nv)君(jun)(jun)有以尊(zun)降其父母(mu)者与?《春(chun)秋》之义,“虽(sui)为天王后,犹曰吾季(ji)姜”。是言子尊(zun)不加於父母(mu),此传(chuan)似误矣(yi)。礼(li),妾(qie)从女(nv)君(jun)(jun)而服其党(dang)服,是嫌不自服期父母(mu),故(gu)以明(ming)之。
[疏]“传曰”至“遂也”。
○释曰:传曰“何以期也”,问者,以公子为君厌,为己母不在五服,又为己母党无服。公妾既不得体君,君不厌,故妾为父母得伸,遂而服期也。
○注“然则”至“明之”。
○释(shi)曰:郑欲破传(chuan)(chuan)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)据(ju)(ju)传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“妾不(bu)(bu)得体(ti)君得为(wei)其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)遂也(ye)”,然则(ze)女(nv)君体(ti)君者(zhe),有以(yi)(yi)尊(zun)降其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)者(zhe)与,言(yan)“与”,犹不(bu)(bu)正执之(zhi)辞也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋》之(zhi)义”者(zhe),案桓九年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“纪季(ji)(ji)姜(jiang)归(gui)于(yu)京师”,杜(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“季(ji)(ji)姜(jiang),桓王后(hou)也(ye)。季(ji)(ji),字姜(jiang)。纪,姓也(ye)。书字者(zhe),伸父(fu)母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)尊(zun)。”是(shi)王后(hou)犹不(bu)(bu)待(dai)降父(fu)母(mu)(mu),是(shi)子尊(zun)不(bu)(bu)加(jia)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)。传(chuan)(chuan)何云(yun)(yun)(yun)妾不(bu)(bu)得体(ti)君乎(hu)?岂可女(nv)君降其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“传(chuan)(chuan)似(si)误矣”。言(yan)“似(si)”,亦是(shi)不(bu)(bu)正执,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)似(si),其(qi)实误也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)妾从(cong)女(nv)君而(er)服(fu)其(qi)党服(fu)”者(zhe),《杂记(ji)》文(wen)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)嫌不(bu)(bu)自服(fu)其(qi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)明之(zhi)”者(zhe),郑既(ji)以(yi)(yi)郑为(wei)误,故(gu)(gu)(gu)自解之(zhi)。郑必(bi)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)传(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe),一则(ze)以(yi)(yi)女(nv)君不(bu)(bu)可降父(fu)母(mu)(mu),二则(ze)经文(wen)兼(jian)有卿大夫士,何得专据(ju)(ju)公子以(yi)(yi)决(jue)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)乎(hu)?是(shi)以(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)为(wei)误也(ye)。
疏衰(shuai)裳齐、牡麻绖(die),无(wu)受者(zhe)(zhe)。无(wu)受者(zhe)(zhe),服(fu)(fu)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)而除,不(bu)以轻服(fu)(fu)受之(zhi)。不(bu)著(zhu)月数者(zhe)(zhe),天子诸(zhu)侯葬(zang)异(yi)月也(ye)。《小(xiao)记》曰:“齐衰(shuai)三月,与(yu)大功(gong)同者(zhe)(zhe)绳履。”
[疏]“疏衰”至“受者”。
○释曰:此《齐衰三月章》以其义服,日月又少,故在《不杖章》下。上皆言冠带,此及下传大功皆不言冠带者,以其轻,故略之。至正大功言冠,见其正犹不言带,緦麻又直言緦麻,馀又略之。若然,《礼记》云齐衰居垩室者,据期,故谯周亦云:“齐衰三月,不居垩室。”
○注“无受”至“绳履”。
○释曰:云(yun)“无受者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),服(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)而(er)除(chu)(chu),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)轻(qing)服(fu)受之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)变除(chu)(chu),皆因(yin)葬(zang)练祥(xiang)乃(nai)行。但此(ci)服(fu)至(zhi)葬(zang)即除(chu)(chu),无变服(fu)之(zhi)理,故(gu)云(yun)服(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)而(er)除(chu)(chu)。若(ruo)大功(gong)已上,至(zhi)葬(zang)后以(yi)(yi)轻(qing)服(fu)受之(zhi)。若(ruo)斩衰三(san)升,冠六升,葬(zang)后受衰六升,是(shi)(shi)(shi)更以(yi)(yi)轻(qing)服(fu)受之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“不(bu)著(zhu)月(yue)(yue)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子诸侯(hou)葬(zang)异月(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大夫士(shi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)葬(zang),此(ci)章(zhang)皆三(san)月(yue)(yue)葬(zang)后除(chu)(chu)之(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)主。三(san)月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),法(fa)一时天(tian)(tian)气变,可以(yi)(yi)除(chu)(chu)之(zhi)。但此(ci)经(jing)中有(you)寄公为(wei)(wei)所寓,又有(you)旧君(jun),旧君(jun)中兼天(tian)(tian)子诸侯(hou),又有(you)“庶人为(wei)(wei)国君(jun)”,郑云(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子畿内之(zhi)民服(fu),天(tian)(tian)子亦如之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”但天(tian)(tian)子七(qi)月(yue)(yue)葬(zang),诸侯(hou)五月(yue)(yue)葬(zang),为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)齐衰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆三(san)月(yue)(yue),藏其服(fu)至(zhi)葬(zang)更服(fu)之(zhi),葬(zang)后乃(nai)除(chu)(chu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)得言(yan)少(shao)以(yi)(yi)包多,亦不(bu)得言(yan)多以(yi)(yi)包少(shao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)著(zhu)月(yue)(yue)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子诸侯(hou)葬(zang)异月(yue)(yue)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“《小记(ji)(ji)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼记(ji)(ji)人见此(ci)丧服(fu)齐衰三(san)月(yue)(yue),与大功(gong)皆不(bu)言(yan)屦(ju),故(gu)解此(ci)二章(zhang)同绳(sheng)屦(ju)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)郑还引之(zhi),证此(ci)章(zhang)著(zhu)绳(sheng)屦(ju)也(ye)(ye)。
寄(ji)公为所寓。寓,亦寄(ji)也。为所寄(ji)之国君服(fu)。
[疏]“寄公为所寓”。
○注“寓亦”至“君服”。
○释曰:此章论义服,故以(yi)疏(shu)者(zhe)为首,故寄(ji)公(gong)在(zai)前(qian)。言(yan)寓亦寄(ji)者(zhe),《诗·式微》云:“黎侯寓於(wu)卫。”寓即寄(ji),其义同,故云“寓亦寄(ji)也(ye)”。作文(wen)之势,不(bu)可重言(yan),寄(ji)公(gong)为所寄(ji),故云寓也(ye)。
传曰(yue):寄公者(zhe)何也?失地(di)之君也。何以为所(suo)寓服(fu)齐衰三(san)(san)月也?言与民同也。诸侯五(wu)月而葬,而服(fu)齐衰三(san)(san)月者(zhe),三(san)(san)月而藏其服(fu),至葬又(you)反(fan)服(fu)之,既(ji)葬而除(chu)之。
[疏]“传曰”至“同也”。
○释曰:传依上例,执所不知称者何,问比例者等,是诸侯各有国土,而寄在他国,故发问也。“失地之君也”,答辞也。失地君者,谓若《礼记·射义》贡士不得其人数有让,数有让,黜爵削地,削地尽,君则寄在他国。《诗·式微》“黎侯寓於卫”,彼为狄人所迫逐,寄在卫,黎之臣子劝以归,是失地之君,为卫侯服齐衰三月,藏其服,至葬更服,葬讫,乃除也。云“言与民同也”者,以客在主国,得主君之恩,故报主君与民同。则民亦服之三月,藏其服,至葬又反服之,既葬讫,乃除也。
○注“诸侯”至“除之”。
○释曰:上以释变除(chu)要待葬(zang)(zang)后,诸侯五月葬(zang)(zang),而言(yan)三月,故知三月藏服(fu),至(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)更服(fu),葬(zang)(zang)后乃除(chu)可知。不於章首言(yan)之,欲就(jiu)三月之下解之故也。
丈夫、妇人(ren)为宗(zong)住⒂宗(zong)子(zi)之母、妻。妇人(ren),女子(zi)子(zi)在室(shi)及(ji)嫁(jia)归宗(zong)者也。宗(zong)子(zi),继(ji)别之后,百世不迁(qian),所谓大宗(zong)也。
[疏]“丈夫”至“母妻”。
○释曰:此与大宗同宗,亲如寄公为所寓,故次在此。言丈夫、妇人者,谓同宗男子、女子皆为大宗子,并宗子母、妻齐衰三月也。
○注“妇人”至“大宗也”。
○释曰:此经为(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi),谓(wei)与大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)别(bie),高祖之(zhi)(zhi)人皆服三月也。案《斩(zhan)章》女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)室(shi),及(ji)女反(fan)在(zai)父室(shi)者(zhe)。又《不杖章》中归宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)妇(fu)人,为(wei)(wei)当(dang)家(jia)小宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)亲者(zhe)期(qi),为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)疏者(zhe)三月也。云(yun)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)继(ji)别(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)后”者(zhe),案《丧服小记(ji)》及(ji)《大(da)(da)传》云(yun)“继(ji)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”,又云(yun)“有(you)(you)五世则迁(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”,小宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)有(you)(you)四是(shi)也。有(you)(you)百世不迁(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),继(ji)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)是(shi)也。云(yun)“所谓(wei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也”者(zhe),即上文(wen)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)尊之(zhi)(zhi)统是(shi)也。
传曰:何(he)以服齐衰三(san)月也?尊(zun)祖也。尊(zun)祖故敬(jing)宗。敬(jing)宗者,尊(zun)祖之义也。宗子之母在,则不为宗子之妻服也。
[疏]“传曰”至“妻服也”。
○释曰(yue):传(chuan)以丈(zhang)夫妇(fu)人与(yu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)服绝,而越大功(gong)、小功(gong)与(yu)曾祖(zu)(zu)同,怪其(qi)大重(zhong),故(gu)问比(bi)例(li),何以服齐衰三月?云(yun)(yun)“尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)”,至之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye),答(da)辞也(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)(zu)谓别子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu),百(bai)世不(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)。当(dang)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)日,同宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)皆来陪(pei)位及助祭(ji)(ji),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)故(gu)敬(jing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”者(zhe)(zhe),是百(bai)世不(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)统,故(gu)同宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)奉事别子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu),是尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)则(ze)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)服也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),谓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)父已卒,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)主其(qi)祭(ji)(ji)。《王制》云(yun)(yun):“八十齐丧之(zhi)(zhi)事不(bu)与(yu)。”则(ze)母(mu)(mu)(mu)七(qi)十亦不(bu)与(yu)。今(jin)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai),未年七(qi)十,母(mu)(mu)(mu)自与(yu)祭(ji)(ji),母(mu)(mu)(mu)死,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)人为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)服。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)七(qi)十已上,则(ze)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)妻(qi)得与(yu)祭(ji)(ji),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)人乃为(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)妻(qi)服,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)。必为(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、妻(qi)服者(zhe)(zhe),以宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)子(zi)(zi)燕食(shi)族(zu)人於堂(tang),其(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)、妻(qi)亦燕食(shi)族(zu)人之(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)於房,皆序以昭穆,故(gu)族(zu)人为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)服也(ye)(ye)。
为旧君(jun)、君(jun)之母、妻。
[疏]“为旧君君之母妻”。
○释曰:旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun),旧(jiu)(jiu)蒙恩(en)深,以对於父,今虽退(tui)归田野(ye),不忘旧(jiu)(jiu)德,故次在宗子(zi)之下也。但为旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)有二:一(yi)则致仕,二则待(dai)放未去(qu)。此则致仕者也。不云(yun)“旧(jiu)(jiu)臣(chen)”,而(er)云(yun)“旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)”者,若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)旧(jiu)(jiu)臣(chen),言(yan)谓旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)为之,非《丧(sang)服》体例,故云(yun)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)。若(ruo)(ruo)《斩(zhan)章》云(yun)父君(jun)者则臣(chen)子(zi)为之。此不复言(yan)臣(chen)法(fa),如君(jun)也。
传曰:为(wei)旧(jiu)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe),孰谓也(ye)(ye)?仕(shi)焉而已者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。何(he)以服齐衰(shuai)三月也(ye)(ye)?言(yan)与民同也(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)母、妻,则小君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。仕(shi)焉而已者(zhe),谓老(lao)若有废(fei)疾(ji)而致仕(shi)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)小君(jun)(jun)服者(zhe),恩(en)深(shen)於(wu)民。
[疏]“传曰”至“小君也”。
○释曰:云“为旧君者孰谓也”者,此经上下臣为旧君有二,故发问云孰谓也。云“仕焉而已者也”者,答辞也。传意以下为旧君,是待放之臣,以此为致仕之臣也。云“何以服齐衰三月”者,怪其旧服斩衰,今服三月也。云“言与民同也”者,以本义合,且今义已断,故抑之使与民同也。云“君之母妻则小君也”者,虽前后不得同时,皆是小君,故齐衰三月,恩深於人故也。
○注“仕焉”至“於民”。
○释曰:云(yun)“仕(shi)焉而(er)已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)老若有(you)废(fei)疾(ji)而(er)致(zhi)仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)也者(zhe)(zhe),此解仕(shi)焉而(er)已(yi)。有(you)仕(shi)已(yi)老者(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)“大夫(fu)七十而(er)致(zhi)仕(shi)”,云(yun)有(you)废(fei)疾(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)未七十而(er)有(you)废(fei)疾(ji),亦致(zhi)仕(shi),是致(zhi)仕(shi)之中有(you)二也。云(yun)“为小(xiao)君(jun)(jun)服者(zhe)(zhe),恩深於(wu)(wu)民也”者(zhe)(zhe),下文庶人为国君(jun)(jun),无小(xiao)君(jun)(jun),是恩浅;此为小(xiao)君(jun)(jun),是恩深於(wu)(wu)民也。
庶人(ren)(ren)为(wei)国君。不言(yan)民而言(yan)庶人(ren)(ren),庶人(ren)(ren)或有在(zai)官者。天(tian)子畿内之(zhi)民,服天(tian)子亦(yi)如之(zhi)。
[疏]“庶人为国君”。
○注“不言”至“如之”。
○释曰:案《论语》云(yun)(yun):“民(min)(min)(min)可使(shi)由(you)之(zhi),不(bu)可使(shi)知之(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun):“民(min)(min)(min)者(zhe),冥也(ye)。其见(jian)人(ren)(ren)道远。”案《王(wang)制》云(yun)(yun):“庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)官者(zhe),其禄以是为(wei)差(cha)也(ye)。”庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)谓府史胥徒(tu)。经不(bu)言(yan)民(min)(min)(min)而(er)言(yan)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren),庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)或(huo)有在(zai)官者(zhe),据在(zai)官者(zhe)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)。《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun):“君之(zhi)丧,诸(zhu)达官之(zhi)长(zhang)杖(zhang)。”谓士大夫为(wei)君杖(zhang),则(ze)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)为(wei)君杖(zhang),斩则(ze)下同於(wu)民(min)(min)(min)三月也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子畿内之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)”者(zhe),以其畿外上(shang)公(gong)五(wu)百里(li),侯(hou)四百里(li)已下,其民(min)(min)(min)皆(jie)服君三月,则(ze)畿内千里(li),是专属天(tian)子,故(gu)知为(wei)天(tian)子亦(yi)如(ru)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)境内也(ye)。
大夫在(zai)(zai)外,其(qi)妻、长子为旧国(guo)君。在(zai)(zai)外,待(dai)放已去者。
[疏]“大夫”至“国君”。
○注“在外待放已去者”。
○释曰:此(ci)大(da)夫(fu)在(zai)(zai)外,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)为本(ben)君服与不(bu)(bu)(bu)服者(zhe)(zhe),案《杂(za)记》云:“违诸(zhu)侯之大(da)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)服,违大(da)夫(fu)之诸(zhu)侯不(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)服。”以(yi)其尊(zun)(zun)卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)敌。若(ruo)然,其君尊(zun)(zun)卑敌,乃反(fan)服旧君服。则此(ci)大(da)夫(fu)已(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)他(ta)国,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)服者(zhe)(zhe),是其君尊(zun)(zun)卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)敌,不(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)服者(zhe)(zhe)也,是以(yi)直言(yan)其妻(qi)长(zhang)子为旧国君,注云“在(zai)(zai)外待(dai)放(fang)已(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)”。知(zhi)是待(dai)放(fang)已(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe),对上(shang)下文而知(zhi)。以(yi)其上(shang)传以(yi)为仕焉,而已(yi)下传云而犹未(wei)绝(jue),此(ci)传云“长(zhang)子言(yan)未(wei)去(qu)(qu)(qu)”,明身是已(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)他(ta)国,与本(ben)国绝(jue)者(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)郑云待(dai)放(fang)已(yi)去(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)也。
传曰:何以(yi)服齐衰三月也?妻,言与民(min)同也。长子,言未去(qu)也。妻虽(sui)从(cong)夫而出,古(gu)者大夫不外(wai)娶,妇(fu)人归(gui)宗,往来犹民(min)也。《春秋传》曰:“大夫越竟逆女,非礼。”君臣有合离之义,长子去(qu),可以(yi)无服。
[疏]“传曰”至“未去也”。
○释曰:并服而问者,怪其重,何者,妻本从夫服君,今夫已绝,妻不合服而服之;长子本为君斩者,亦大夫之子得行大夫礼,从父而服之,今父已绝於君,亦当不服矣,而皆服衰三月,故发问也。
○注“妻虽”至“无服”。
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“妻虽(sui)从夫(fu)(fu)(fu)而出,古者(zhe)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不外(wai)娶(qu)(qu)”者(zhe),郑欲解传云(yun)(yun)“妻言(yan)与民(min)同(tong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。以(yi)(yi)古者(zhe)不外(wai)娶(qu)(qu),是(shi)当国娶(qu)(qu)妇(fu)(fu),妇(fu)(fu)是(shi)当国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv),今身与妻俱出他国,大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)虽(sui)绝而妻归宗,往来犹(you)是(shi)本国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)。其归者(zhe),则(ze)《期(qi)章(zhang)》云(yun)(yun)“为昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为父后者(zhe)”,曰小宗者(zhe)是(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)“《春秋》”者(zhe),案《春秋公羊传》庄二(er)十七年“莒庆(qing)来逆叔姬”,《传》曰:“大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)越竟逆女(nv),非礼。”彼云(yun)(yun)妇(fu)(fu),此云(yun)(yun)女(nv),郑以(yi)(yi)义言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)其未至夫(fu)(fu)(fu)家,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)女(nv)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证(zheng)古者(zhe)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)不外(wai)娶(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。云(yun)(yun)“君臣(chen)有合离(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义”者(zhe),谓谏争从臣(chen),是(shi)有义则(ze)合三谏,不从是(shi)无(wu)义,则(ze)离(li)子既随父,故(gu)去可以(yi)(yi)无(wu)服(fu)矣。
继父不同(tong)居(ju)者。尝(chang)同(tong)居(ju),今(jin)不同(tong)。
[疏]“继父不同居者”。
○注“尝同居今不同”。
○释(shi)曰:此则《期章》云(yun)“必(bi)尝同居(ju),然后为(wei)异居(ju)”者也(ye)。但章皆有(you)传,唯庶(shu)人(ren)为(wei)国君(jun),及此继父不传者,以(yi)其(qi)庶(shu)人(ren)已(yi)(yi)於寄公(gong)与(yu)上下旧君(jun)释(shi)讫,继父已(yi)(yi)於《期章》释(shi)了(le),是(shi)以(yi)皆不言也(ye)。
曾祖父母。
传曰(yue):何以齐衰(shuai)三月也(ye)?小(xiao)功(gong)者,兄弟之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)也(ye),不敢(gan)以兄弟之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)至(zhi)尊(zun)也(ye)。正(zheng)言(yan)小(xiao)功(gong)者,服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)数(shu)尽於(wu)五,则(ze)高祖(zu)宜緦麻,曾祖(zu)宜小(xiao)功(gong)也(ye)。据祖(zu)期(qi),则(ze)曾祖(zu)宜大功(gong),高祖(zu)宜小(xiao)功(gong)也(ye)。高祖(zu)、曾祖(zu),皆有小(xiao)功(gong)之(zhi)差,则(ze)曾孙、玄(xuan)孙,为之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)同也(ye)。重其衰(shuai)麻,尊(zun)尊(zun)也(ye)。减其日月,恩杀也(ye)。
[疏]“曾祖父母”。
○释曰:曾、高本合小功,加至齐衰,故次继父之下。此经直云曾祖,不言高祖,案下《緦麻章》郑注云:“族祖父者,亦高祖之孙。”则高祖有服明矣。是以此注亦兼曾、高而说也。若然,此曾祖之内合有高祖可知。不言者,见其同服故也。
○“传曰”至“尊也”。
○释曰:云“何以齐衰三月也”者,问者,怪其三月大轻,齐衰又重,故发问也。云“小功者兄弟之服也”,案下记传云凡“小功已下为兄弟”,是以云小功者兄弟之服也。云“不敢以兄弟之服服至尊也”者,传释服齐衰之意也。
○注“正言”至“恩杀也”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正言(yan)(yan)小功(gong)者(zhe)(zhe),服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数尽於五”者(zhe)(zhe),自斩至緦是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)緦麻(ma)(ma)(ma),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)小功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,据为(wei)父(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)言(yan)(yan),故三(san)年。问云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“何(he)以(yi)(yi)至期(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,曰(yue)“至亲以(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)断(duan)”。“是(shi)(shi)何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,曰(yue)“天(tian)地则(ze)(ze)已(yi)易矣(yi),四时则(ze)(ze)已(yi)变(bian)矣(yi),其(qi)在(zai)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)莫不更始焉(yan),以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。彼又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)则(ze)(ze)何(he)以(yi)(yi)三(san)年也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,曰(yue)“加隆(long)焉(yan)尔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),焉(yan)使(shi)倍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故再(zai)期(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)(shi)本为(wei)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)加隆(long)至三(san)年,故以(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)本而(er)上(shang)杀(sha)下杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)故言(yan)(yan)为(wei)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)緦麻(ma)(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe),谓为(wei)父(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi),为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)大(da)功(gong),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)小功(gong),高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)緦麻(ma)(ma)(ma)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“据祖(zu)(zu)(zu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)”,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)父(fu)(fu)加隆(long)三(san)年,为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)大(da)功(gong),高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宜(yi)小功(gong),故郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)、曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)皆(jie)有(you)小功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)。此郑(zheng)总释传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“小功(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)”,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)曾(ceng)(ceng)、高二(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)曾(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)玄孙(sun)(sun)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)既兼有(you)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)曾(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)、玄孙(sun)(sun)各(ge)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐衰三(san)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重其(qi)衰麻(ma)(ma)(ma)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),既不以(yi)(yi)兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)服(fu)至尊(zun)(zun)(zun),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重其(qi)衰麻(ma)(ma)(ma),谓以(yi)(yi)义服(fu),六(liu)升衰,九升冠,此尊(zun)(zun)(zun)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“减其(qi)日(ri)月(yue),恩杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓减五月(yue)为(wei)三(san)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),因曾(ceng)(ceng)、高於己非(fei)一(yi)体,恩杀(sha)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大夫为宗子。
[疏]“大夫为宗子”。
○释曰(yue):大(da)夫尊(zun)(zun)(zun),降旁亲皆一等(deng),尊(zun)(zun)(zun)祖(zu)故敬宗(zong),是(shi)以大(da)夫虽尊(zun)(zun)(zun)不降,宗(zong)子为之三(san)月。宗(zong)子既不降,母(mu)、妻不降可知。
传曰:何以(yi)服齐衰(shuai)三(san)月也(ye)?大夫不敢降其宗也(ye)。
[疏]“传曰”至“其宗也”。
○释曰:以大(da)夫於(wu)馀亲皆降,独(du)不降宗子,故并服而问。答(da)云“不敢降其宗也”者,於(wu)馀亲则降也。
旧君。大(da)夫待放未去者。
[疏]“旧君”。
○注“大夫待放未去者”。
○释曰:此(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)以重出,故次在此(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)知此(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)是(shi)待放未去(qu)之(zhi)大夫者,郑(zheng)据传而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)上下四(si)经皆为旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)。庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)为国(guo)君(jun)(jun)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo),其妻、长子(zi)为旧(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)君(jun)(jun)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo),此(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)又不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)者,据继(ji)在土(tu)地,而(er)为之(zhi)服(fu),正(zheng)如为旧(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)止,是(shi)不(bu)(bu)敢进同臣例,故服(fu)之(zhi)三(san)月(yue),非为土(tu)地,故不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)。庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)本继(ji)土(tu)地,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其妻、长子(zi)本为继(ji)土(tu)地,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)。此(ci)待放未去(qu),本为君(jun)(jun)埽其宗庙为服(fu)不(bu)(bu)继(ji)土(tu)地,故不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
传曰(yue):大(da)夫为(wei)旧君(jun),何以服(fu)齐(qi)衰三(san)月也?大(da)夫去(qu),君(jun)埽(sao)其宗庙,故服(fu)齐(qi)衰三(san)月也,言(yan)与民同也,何大(da)夫之谓乎?言(yan)其以道(dao)去(qu)君(jun)而犹未绝(jue)也。以道(dao)去(qu)君(jun),为(wei)三(san)谏不从(cong),待(dai)放於(wu)郊。未绝(jue)者(zhe),言(yan)爵禄(lu)尚有列於(wu)朝,出入有诏於(wu)国,妻子自若民也。
[疏]“传曰”至“绝也”。
○释曰:此为旧君服,对前已去,不服旧君。此虽未去,已在境而为服,故怪其重,所以并服而问也。又馀皆不并人问,直云何以齐衰,唯此与寄公并人而问者,所怪深重者,并人而言。至如寄公,本是体敌,一朝重服,故并言寄公。此待放之臣,已在国境,可以不服而服之,故并言大夫也。
○注“以道”至“若民也”。
○释曰:云(yun)“以道去(qu)君(jun)(jun)(jun),谓(wei)(wei)三(san)谏不(bu)(bu)(bu)从待放”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)以道去(qu)君(jun)(jun)(jun),据三(san)谏不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,在(zai)(zai)境待放,得(de)环则(ze)(ze)还,得(de)玦则(ze)(ze)去(qu)。如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)以道去(qu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。有(you)(you)罪放逐(zhu),若晋放胥甲(jia)父於(wu)(wu)卫之(zhi)(zhi)等,为(wei)非道去(qu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。云(yun)“未(wei)绝(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)爵禄有(you)(you)列於(wu)(wu)朝,出入有(you)(you)诏(zhao)於(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《下曲(qu)礼(li)》文(wen)。爵禄有(you)(you)列,谓(wei)(wei)待放大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)位乃在(zai)(zai)。出入有(you)(you)诏(zhao)於(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)兄弟宗(zong)(zong)族犹存,吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)事,书信往来相告不(bu)(bu)(bu)绝(jue)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)去(qu)君(jun)(jun)(jun),埽(sao)其宗(zong)(zong)庙,诏(zhao)使宗(zong)(zong)族祭祀,为(wei)此(ci)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)虽去(qu),犹为(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)服(fu)(fu)。若然,君(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使埽(sao)宗(zong)(zong)庙,爵禄已(yi)绝(jue),则(ze)(ze)是得(de)玦而(er)去(qu),则(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)矣(yi)。云(yun)“妻子(zi)自若民也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)郑还约上(shang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)外(wai),其妻、长(zhang)子(zi)为(wei)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)也。上(shang)下旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)仕焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)士可知。是以传(chuan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),次云(yun)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)外(wai),言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其士妻亦(yi)(yi)(yi)归宗(zong)(zong),与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)。其大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)长(zhang)子(zi),父在(zai)(zai)朝,长(zhang)子(zi)得(de)行大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li),未(wei)去(qu),为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)服(fu)(fu)斩(zhan)。若士之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)子(zi)与(yu)众子(zi)同(tong),父去(qu),子(zi)虽未(wei)去(qu),即无服(fu)(fu)矣(yi),与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)长(zhang)子(zi)异,故特(te)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)主为(wei)待放未(wei)绝(jue),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)此(ci)法。士虽有(you)(you)三(san)谏不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,出国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)时,案《曲(qu)礼(li)》逾(yu)竟,素服(fu)(fu),乘髦马(ma),不(bu)(bu)(bu)蚤鬋,不(bu)(bu)(bu)御妇人,三(san)月而(er)后(hou),即向他国(guo)(guo)。无待放之(zhi)(zhi)法,是出国(guo)(guo)即不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)矣(yi)。是以此(ci)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)唯有(you)(you)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也。若然,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)公(gong)卿及孤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)“三(san)事大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)”,则(ze)(ze)三(san)公(gong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)号(hao)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)中总兼之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。
曾祖父母为士者,如众人。传曰:何以齐衰三月也?大夫(fu)不(bu)敢降其(qi)祖也。
[疏]“曾祖父母为士者如众人”。
○“传曰”至“其祖也”。
○释曰:问者(zhe),以大(da)夫(fu)尊,皆(jie)降旁(pang)亲,今(jin)怪(guai)其(qi)服,故发问。经不言(yan)大(da)夫(fu),传为(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)解之者(zhe),以其(qi)言(yan)曾祖(zu)为(wei)(wei)士者(zhe),故知对大(da)夫(fu)下为(wei)(wei)之服,明知曾孙是大(da)夫(fu)。
女子子嫁者(zhe)、未嫁者(zhe)为曾祖(zu)父母。
[疏]“女子子”至“未嫁”。
○释曰(yue):此(ci)亦重(zhong)出,故次在男子(zi)曾(ceng)孙下也(ye)。但未嫁(jia)者同於前(qian)故曾(ceng)祖父母(mu),今并言(yan)者,女子(zi)子(zi)有嫁(jia)逆(ni)降之理,故因已嫁(jia),并言(yan)未嫁(jia)。
传曰:嫁者(zhe)(zhe),其嫁於大(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。未嫁者(zhe)(zhe),其成人而未嫁者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。何以服齐衰三月?不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)降(jiang)其祖也(ye)(ye)。言嫁於大(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)虽尊犹不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。成人谓年(nian)二十已笄醴者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。此著不(bu)(bu)降(jiang),明(ming)有所降(jiang)。
[疏]注“言嫁”至“所降”。
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“言(yan)嫁(jia)於大夫者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)虽尊(zun)犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)举尊(zun)以(yi)见卑,欲明(ming)適士者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“成人谓(wei)年二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)已(yi)笄(ji)醴(li)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)云(yun)“成人”,明(ming)据二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)已(yi)笄(ji)以(yi)醴(li)礼之。若十(shi)(shi)五(wu)许嫁(jia),亦(yi)笄(ji)为成人,亦(yi)得(de)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),与出嫁(jia)同。但(dan)郑据二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许嫁(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)而言(yan)之,案上章为祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),本(ben)无降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)理,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢。又女子(zi)子(zi)为祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),传亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢言(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),传不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe),至此(ci)(ci)乃言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)曾祖(zu)(zu)轻,尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),况(kuang)祖(zu)(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)可(ke)知。是(shi)(shi)举轻以(yi)见重(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“此(ci)(ci)著不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),明(ming)有所降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《大功章》女子(zi)子(zi)嫁(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)、未嫁(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)为世叔父(fu)母(mu)(mu),如(ru)此(ci)(ci)类是(shi)(shi)有所降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye),馀(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)次。
大功布衰裳、牡麻绖,无受者(zhe)。大功布者(zhe),其锻治之功粗沽之。
[疏]“大功”至“受者”。
○释曰:章次此者,以其本服齐衰斩,为殇死,降在大功,故在正大功之上,义齐衰之下也。不云月数者,下文有缨绖、无缨绖,须言七月、九月,彼已见月,故於此略之。且此经与前不同,前《期章》具文,於前《杖章》下《不杖章》直言其异者,此殇《大功章》首为文略,於正具文者,欲见殇不成人故,故前略后具,亦见相参取义。云“无受”者,以传云殇文不缛,不以轻服受之。
○注“大功”至“沽之”。
○释(shi)曰:云“大(da)功(gong)(gong)布(bu)者,其锻(duan)治之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)粗沽(gu)之(zhi)”者,斩粗皆不言布(bu)与功(gong)(gong),以其哀痛(tong)极(ji),未可言布(bu)体与人(ren)功(gong)(gong),至(zhi)此轻(qing),可以见之(zhi)。言大(da)功(gong)(gong)者,《斩衰章》传云冠六升(sheng)不加灰(hui),则此七升(sheng)言锻(duan)治,可以加灰(hui)矣,但粗沽(gu)而(er)已。若然,言大(da)功(gong)(gong)者,用(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)粗大(da),故沽(gu)疏(shu),其言小者,对大(da)功(gong)(gong)是用(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)细小。
子(zi)、女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)之(zhi)长殇(shang)、中殇(shang)。殇(shang)者(zhe),男(nan)女(nv)未冠笄而(er)死,可殇(shang)者(zhe)。女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)许嫁,不为殇(shang)也。
[疏]“子女子子之长殇中殇”。
○注“殇者”至“殇也”。
○释曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”在(zai)章首者,以(yi)其父母(mu)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),哀(ai)痛(tong)情深,故在(zai)前。云(yun)“殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者,男(nan)女未冠笄”者,案《礼记·丧(sang)服(fu)小记》云(yun):“男(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冠而不(bu)(bu)为殇(shang)(shang)(shang),女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)笄而不(bu)(bu)为殇(shang)(shang)(shang)。”故知(zhi)男(nan)女未冠笄而死可哀(ai)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者。女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)许(xu)嫁不(bu)(bu)为殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者,女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)笄与男(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冠同,明(ming)许(xu)嫁笄,虽未出,亦(yi)(yi)为成人,不(bu)(bu)为殇(shang)(shang)(shang)可知(zhi)。兄弟之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)同此,而不(bu)(bu)别(bie)言(yan)者,以(yi)其兄弟之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)犹(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),明(ming)同於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),故不(bu)(bu)言(yan)。且中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)或从上,或从下(xia)(xia),是则(ze)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)三(san)等,制服(fu)唯(wei)有(you)二等者,欲使大功下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)服(fu)故也。若服(fu),亦(yi)(yi)三(san)等,则(ze)大功下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)无服(fu),故圣(sheng)人之意(yi)然也。
传(chuan)曰(yue):何以(yi)大功也?未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)也。何以(yi)无(wu)受(shou)也?丧(sang)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)缛(ru),丧(sang)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)缛(ru),故殇(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)樛垂(chui),盖未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)也。年(nian)十(shi)九至(zhi)十(shi)六(liu)为长殇(shang)(shang)(shang),十(shi)五至(zhi)十(shi)二为中殇(shang)(shang)(shang),十(shi)一(yi)至(zhi)八(ba)岁为下殇(shang)(shang)(shang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)八(ba)岁以(yi)下皆为无(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)。无(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)日(ri)易(yi)(yi)月,以(yi)日(ri)易(yi)(yi)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),殇(shang)(shang)(shang)而无(wu)服。故子(zi)生(sheng)三月则父名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),死则哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)名则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)哭也。缛(ru)犹(you)数(shu)也。其(qi)(qi)文(wen)数(shu)者(zhe),谓变除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节也。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)樛垂(chui)者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)绞(jiao)其(qi)(qi)带(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)者(zhe)。《杂记(ji)》曰(yue):“大功以(yi)上散带(dai)。”以(yi)日(ri)易(yi)(yi)月,谓生(sheng)一(yi)月者(zhe)哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)日(ri)也。殇(shang)(shang)(shang)而无(wu)服者(zhe),哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而已。为昆(kun)弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)、女子(zi)子(zi)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡言(yan)子(zi)者(zhe),可以(yi)兼男(nan)女。又云女子(zi)子(zi)者(zhe),殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)子(zi),关適庶也。
[疏]“传曰”至“不哭也”。
○释曰:云“何以大功也”,问者,以成人皆期,今乃大功,故发问也。云“未成人也”者,答辞。以其未成人,故降至大功。云“何以无受也”,问者,以其成人至葬后皆以轻服受之,今丧未成人,即无受,故发问也。云“丧成人者其文缛”已下,答辞。遂因广解四等之殇,年数之别,并哭与不哭,具列其文。但此殇次成人,是以从长以及下,与无服之殇又三等殇,皆以四年为差,取法四时穀物变易故也。又以八岁巳上为有服,七岁已下为无服者,案《家语·本命》云:“男子八月生齿,八岁龀齿,女子七月生齿,七岁龀齿。”今传据男子而言,故八岁已上为有服之殇也。传必以三月造名,始哭之者,以其三月一时天气变,有所识眄,人所加怜,故据名为限也。云“未名则不哭也”者,不止依以日易月而哭,初死亦当有哭而已。
○注“缛犹”至“庶也”。
○释曰:云(yun)“其文数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)变(bian)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)(jie)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),既葬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又(you)(you)变(bian)麻(ma)(ma)服(fu)(fu)(fu)葛,緦麻(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)小祥,又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轻服(fu)(fu)(fu)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),男子(zi)除(chu)於(wu)首(shou),妇人(ren)除(chu)於(wu)带,是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)变(bian)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。今於(wu)殇(shang)(shang)人(ren)丧(sang),象物(wu)不(bu)成(cheng),则(ze)(ze)无此变(bian)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)(jie)数,月(yue)(yue)满则(ze)(ze)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)云(yun)“不(bu)樛垂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)绞(jiao)带之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡丧(sang)至(zhi)小敛皆(jie)服(fu)(fu)(fu),未成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麻(ma)(ma),麻(ma)(ma)绖、麻(ma)(ma)带,大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上散带之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),至(zhi)成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)乃绞(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),小功(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),初而绞(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今殇(shang)(shang)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong),亦(yi)(yi)於(wu)小敛服(fu)(fu)(fu)麻(ma)(ma),散垂,至(zhi)成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)后,亦(yi)(yi)散不(bu)绞(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示未成(cheng)人(ren),故(gu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)人(ren)异(yi),亦(yi)(yi)无受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,故(gu)传(chuan)云(yun)盖不(bu)成(cheng)也(ye)。引《杂记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此殇(shang)(shang)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)散带,要至(zhi)成(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)与(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)人(ren)异(yi)也(ye)。云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)易月(yue)(yue)”,谓(wei)生一(yi)月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye),若至(zhi)七岁,岁有(you)(you)十二(er)月(yue)(yue),则(ze)(ze)八十四日(ri)(ri)(ri)哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此既於(wu)子(zi)、女子(zi)子(zi)下(xia)发(fa)传(chuan),则(ze)(ze)唯据(ju)父母於(wu)子(zi),不(bu)关(guan)馀亲(qin)。云(yun)“殇(shang)(shang)而无服(fu)(fu)(fu),哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此郑总(zong)解无服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)易月(yue)(yue)哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。云(yun)“昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)、女子(zi)子(zi)亦(yi)(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其成(cheng)人(ren)同是(shi)(shi)期,与(yu)(yu)(yu)众子(zi)同。今经传(chuan)不(bu)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其亦(yi)(yi)犹子(zi)故(gu)也(ye)。云(yun)“凡言(yan)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼男女”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《期章》云(yun)“子(zi)”,又(you)(you)云(yun)“昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)”,是(shi)(shi)子(zi)中兼男女也(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)“女子(zi)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi),关(guan)適庶”,关(guan),通也(ye),为子(zi)中通有(you)(you)长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適。若然(ran),成(cheng)人(ren)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)衰三年,今殇(shang)(shang)死,与(yu)(yu)(yu)众子(zi)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其殇(shang)(shang)不(bu)成(cheng)人(ren),与(yu)(yu)(yu)穀物(wu)未熟,故(gu)同入殇(shang)(shang)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye),故(gu)别言(yan)子(zi)见斯(si)义也(ye)。王(wang)肃、马(ma)融以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为日(ri)(ri)(ri)易月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)易服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),殇(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期亲(qin),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旬(xun)有(you)(you)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)哭(ku)(ku),緦麻(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)为制。若然(ran),哭(ku)(ku)緦麻(ma)(ma)三月(yue)(yue),丧(sang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)七岁同。又(you)(you)此传(chuan)承父母子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),而哭(ku)(ku)緦麻(ma)(ma)孩子(zi),疏失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)。
叔父之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),姑姊(zi)妹(mei)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),昆弟(di)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),夫之昆弟(di)之子(zi)(zi)、女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),適(shi)孙之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),大夫之庶子(zi)(zi)为適(shi)昆弟(di)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),公为適(shi)子(zi)(zi)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),大夫为適(shi)子(zi)(zi)之长殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)。公,君也。诸(zhu)侯大夫不降適(shi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者,重適(shi)也。天子(zi)(zi)亦如(ru)之。
[疏]“叔父”至“中殇”。
○释曰:自此尽“大夫庶子为適昆弟之长殇中殇”,皆是成人齐衰期。长殇、中殇,殇降一等在功,故於此总见之。又皆尊卑为前后次第,作文也。云公为適子,大夫为適子,皆是正统,成人斩衰。今为殇死,不得著代,故入大功。特言適子者,天子诸侯於庶子,则绝而无服,大夫於庶子降一等,故於此不言,唯言適子也。若然,二適在下者,亦为重出其文故也。
○注“公君”至“如之”。
○释(shi)曰:云“公,君也”者(zhe),直言公恐是(shi)公士(shi)之公,及三(san)公与(yu)孤皆号公,故(gu)训(xun)为君,见是(shi)五(wu)等之君,故(gu)言诸侯。言“天子亦如之”者(zhe),以其天子与(yu)诸侯同绝(jue)宗故(gu)也。
其(qi)长殇皆九(jiu)月(yue),缨(ying)(ying)绖。其(qi)中殇七月(yue),不缨(ying)(ying)绖。绖有缨(ying)(ying)者,为其(qi)重也。自(zi)大功以上绖有缨(ying)(ying),以一条绳(sheng)为之,小功巳下绖无缨(ying)(ying)也。
[疏]“其长殇”至“缨绖”。
○注“绖有”至“无缨也”。
○释曰:绖(die)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),所以固(gu)(gu)绖(die),犹如冠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),以固(gu)(gu)冠,亦(yi)结於颐下也。五(wu)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正,无(wu)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服,唯(wei)(wei)此大功(gong)中殇有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《礼(li)记》云(yun):“九月(yue)(yue)、七(qi)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,三时(shi)是也。”云(yun)“绖(die)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)者为其重(zhong)也”者,以经云(yun)九月(yue)(yue)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)绖(die),七(qi)月(yue)(yue)不(bu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)绖(die),故(gu)知(zhi)绖(die)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),为其情重(zhong)故(gu)也。“自(zi)大功(gong)已(yi)(yi)(yi)上绖(die)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)”,此郑(zheng)广解五(wu)服有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,但(dan)诸(zhu)文唯(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)冠缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),不(bu)见绖(die)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。郑(zheng)检此经长殇有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)法,则知(zhi)成人大功(gong)已(yi)(yi)(yi)上绖(die)有(you)(you)(you)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)明矣。郑(zheng)知(zhi)“一条绳为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者,见斩(zhan)衰冠绳,缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)通屈一条绳,屈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武垂下为,故(gu)知(zhi)此绖(die)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),亦(yi)通屈一条属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),绖(die)垂下为缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)可知(zhi)。“小功(gong)已(yi)(yi)(yi)下绖(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)也”者,亦(yi)以此经中殇七(qi)月(yue)(yue)绖(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),明小功(gong)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)已(yi)(yi)(yi)下,绖(die)无(wu)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)可知(zhi)。
大功(gong)布衰裳、牡麻绖缨、布带(dai)三月(yue),受以小(xiao)功(gong)衰,即葛九月(yue)者(zhe)。受犹承也(ye)。
传曰:大(da)功(gong)布(bu),九(jiu)升。小功(gong)布(bu),十一升。此(ci)受之下(xia)也(ye)(ye),以发传者(zhe)(zhe),明受尽(jin)於此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)受麻绖以葛绖。《閒传》曰:“大(da)功(gong)之葛,与小功(gong)之麻同。”凡(fan)天子(zi)诸侯(hou)卿大(da)夫(fu)既虞,士卒哭(ku)而受服。正言三月者(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)诸侯(hou)无(wu)大(da)功(gong),主(zhu)於大(da)夫(fu)士也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)虽有君为姑姊(zi)妹女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)嫁於国君者(zhe)(zhe),非内丧也(ye)(ye)。古文依此(ci)礼也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“大功”至“月者”。
○注“受犹承也”。
○释曰:此成人《大功章》,轻於前《殇章》,既略,於此具言。
○“传曰”至“十一升”。
○注“此受之”至“礼也”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“大(da)功布九(jiu)升(sheng)(sheng),小(xiao)功布十一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),此章(zhang)有(you)降、有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)、有(you)义。降则衰(shuai)七升(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)十升(sheng)(sheng);正(zheng)(zheng)则衰(shuai)八升(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)亦(yi)十升(sheng)(sheng);义则衰(shuai)九(jiu)升(sheng)(sheng),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)十一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)。十升(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),降小(xiao)功。十一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),正(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)功。传(chuan)以(yi)受(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)降大(da)功与正(zheng)(zheng)大(da)功,直云(yun)(yun)义大(da)功之(zhi)受(shou)(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe),郑云(yun)(yun)此受(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)下(xia),正(zheng)(zheng)据受(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)下(xia)发传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe),明受(shou)(shou)(shou)尽於此。义服(fu)(fu)大(da)功,以(yi)其(qi)小(xiao)功至葬,唯(wei)(wei)有(you)变麻(ma)服(fu)(fu)葛,因故(gu)衰(shuai)无受(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)法,故(gu)传(chuan)据义大(da)功而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“又(you)受(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)绖(die)(die)以(yi)葛绖(die)(die)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)受(shou)(shou)(shou),衰(shuai)麻(ma)俱(ju)受(shou)(shou)(shou),而(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)唯(wei)(wei)发衰(shuai),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)受(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)以(yi)葛,故(gu)郑解之(zhi)云(yun)(yun)又(you)受(shou)(shou)(shou)麻(ma)以(yi)葛绖(die)(die)。引(yin)《閒传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe),证经大(da)功既葬,其(qi)麻(ma)绖(die)(die)受(shou)(shou)(shou)以(yi)小(xiao)功葛者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)大(da)功既葬,变麻(ma)为(wei)葛,五(wu)分(fen)去一(yi),大(da)小(xiao)与小(xiao)功初死(si)同。即《閒传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)大(da)功之(zhi)葛小(xiao)功之(zhi)麻(ma)同,一(yi)也(ye),故(gu)引(yin)之(zhi)为(wei)证耳。云(yun)(yun)“凡天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)卿大(da)夫既虞(yu),士卒哭而(er)(er)(er)(er)受(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)於《斩章(zhang)》释(shi)讫,言(yan)(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe),欲见天(tian)子七月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)葬,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)葬,虞(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)受(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu)。若(ruo)然,经正(zheng)(zheng)三(san)月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)绝旁期(qi),无此大(da)功丧,以(yi)此而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan),经言(yan)(yan)三(san)月(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),主於大(da)夫士三(san)月(yue)(yue)葬者(zhe)(zhe)。若(ruo)然,大(da)夫除死(si)月(yue)(yue)数(shu),亦(yi)得为(wei)三(san)月(yue)(yue)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此虽(sui)有(you)君(jun)为(wei)姑姊妹女子子嫁於国(guo)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe),非内丧也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼国(guo)自以(yi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)葬后服(fu)(fu),此诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)为(wei)之(zhi),自以(yi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)受(shou)(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu),同於大(da)夫士,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“主於大(da)夫士也(ye)”。
姑、姊妹、女子(zi)子(zi)適人者(zhe)。
[疏]“姑姊”至“人者”。
○释曰:此(ci)等并是本(ben)期,出(chu),降(jiang)大功,故次在此(ci)。
传曰:何以(yi)大功也,出(chu)也。出(chu)必降之者,盖有受我而厚之者。
[疏]“传曰”至“出也”。
○释曰:问之者,以本期,今大功,故发问也。
○注“出必”至“之者”。
○释曰:案《檀弓》云:“姑姊妹之薄也,盖有受我而厚之者(zhe)也。”郑(zheng)取以为(wei)说(shuo)。若然,女子(zi)子(zi)出降,亦同受我而厚之,皆(jie)是於(wu)彼厚,夫自(zi)为(wei)之禫杖期,故於(wu)此薄,为(wei)之大(da)功。
从(cong)父昆弟。世父、叔父之(zhi)子(zi)也,其姊妹在室亦如之(zhi)。
[疏]“从父昆弟”。
○注“世父”至“如之”。
○释曰(yue):昆弟亲(qin)为之期,此从父(fu)昆弟,降一(yi)等,故次(ci)姑(gu)姊妹之下。云“其(qi)姊妹在室亦(yi)如(ru)之”者(zhe),义当然也。谓之从父(fu)昆弟,世(shi)叔父(fu)与祖为一(yi)体,又与己父(fu)为一(yi)体,缘亲(qin)以致服,故云“从”也。降於亲(qin)兄弟一(yi)等是其(qi)常(chang),故不传问。
为人后者为其昆弟。
[疏]“为人”至“昆弟”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):在此者,以其小(xiao)宗之(zhi)(zhi)后大宗,欲使厚於大宗之(zhi)(zhi)亲,故(gu)抑之(zhi)(zhi),在从父(fu)昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)下。
传曰:何以大功(gong)也?为人后者(zhe),降其(qi)昆弟(di)也。
[疏]“传曰”至“昆弟也”。
○释曰(yue):案下记(ji)云“为人后者於兄弟(di)降(jiang)一等(deng)”者,故大功也。若然,於本(ben)宗馀亲,皆(jie)降(jiang)一等(deng)也。
庶孙。男女皆是下殇。《小(xiao)功(gong)章》曰为侄庶孙,丈夫(fu)妇(fu)人(ren)同。
[疏]“庶孙”。
○注“男女”至“妇人同”。
○释曰:卑於昆弟,故(gu)次之。庶(shu)孙从父而(er)服祖期(qi),故(gu)祖从子而(er)服孙大功,降(jiang)一等,亦是(shi)其常(chang),故(gu)传亦不问(wen)也。云“男(nan)女皆是(shi)”者,女孙在室,与男(nan)孙同(tong),其义(yi)然也。引殇小功者,欲见彼殇既男(nan)女同(tong),证此成人(ren)同(tong),不异也。