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春秋左氏传注疏卷二十四 宣十三年至十八年在线阅读

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卷二十四 宣十三年(nian)(nian)至十八年(nian)(nian)

  【经】十有三年,春,齐师伐莒。

夏,楚子伐宋。

秋,螽(zhong)。无传。为灾,故(gu)书(shu)。

冬,晋杀其大夫先縠。书(shu)名,以(yi)罪(zui)讨。

【传(chuan)】十三年,春,齐(qi)师伐莒。莒恃(shi)晋(jin)而不事齐(qi)故也。

夏,楚子伐宋,以其救萧也。救萧在前年。君子曰:“清丘之盟,唯宋可以免焉。”宋讨陈之贰。今宋见伐,晋、卫不顾盟以恤宋,而经同贬宋大夫。传嫌华椒之罪累及其国,故曰唯宋可以免。
  ○累,劣伪反。

[疏]注“宋讨”至“以免”。
  ○正义曰:往(wang)年清丘(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟,宋(song)(song)卿亦(yi)贬,传称“不(bu)实其(qi)(qi)言”。此年宋(song)(song)被楚伐,而晋、卫不(bu)救,即(ji)是(shi)不(bu)实之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状於(wu)此发。传言“唯(wei)宋(song)(song)可(ke)以(yi)免(mian)”者(zhe),意在责(ze)诸国(guo)耳。嫌华椒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)累及其(qi)(qi)国(guo),恐(kong)言宋(song)(song)亦(yi)有罪(zui)(zui),宜其(qi)(qi)不(bu)救。但(dan)盟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)信(xin),唯(wei)椒身合(he)贬,宋(song)(song)国(guo)无(wu)罪(zui)(zui)。言“惟(wei)宋(song)(song)可(ke)以(yi)免(mian)”,见诸国(guo)皆合(he)责(ze)也。

秋,赤狄(di)伐晋。及清(qing),先(xian)縠(hu)召之(zhi)也。邲战不得志,故召狄(di)欲(yu)为(wei)变。清(qing),一(yi)名清(qing)原。

冬,晋人讨邲之败,与清(qing)之师,归罪於先縠而杀(sha)之,尽灭(mie)其(qi)(qi)族(zu)。君子曰:“恶(e)之来也,已则(ze)取(qu)之。‘其(qi)(qi)先縠之谓乎!”尽灭(mie)其(qi)(qi)族(zu),为诛巳甚,故曰“恶(e)之来也”。

[疏]注“尽灭”至“来也”。
  ○正义曰:先(xian)縠之罪,不合灭(mie)族(zu)。“尽灭(mie)其族(zu),为诛巳(si)甚”,亦是晋(jin)刑(xing)大过(guo),是为大恶。君子既嫌晋(jin)刑(xing)大过(guo),又尤先(xian)縠自招,故曰“恶之来也,己自取之”。恶之来也,言大恶之事来先(xian)縠之家(jia)。

清丘之盟,晋以卫之救陈也,讨焉。寻清丘之盟以责卫。使人弗去,曰:“罪无所归,将加而师。”孔达曰:“苟利社稷,请以我说。欲自杀以说晋。
  ○使,所吏反。我说,如字,又音悦。以说音悦,又如字。罪我之由。我则为政而亢大国之讨,将以谁任?亢,御也。谓御宋讨陈也。
  ○亢,苦浪反(fan)。任音壬。我则死(si)之。”为明年杀孔达传。

【经】十(shi)有四年,春,卫杀其大(da)夫孔达(da)。(书名,背(bei)盟(meng)(meng)于大(da)国,罪之。)夏(xia),五(wu)月,壬(ren)申,曹伯(bo)寿卒。(无传。文十(shi)四年盟(meng)(meng)新(xin)城。)

晋侯伐郑。秋,九月,楚子围宋(song)。

葬曹文公。无传。

冬,公孙归父会齐侯于(yu)穀。

【传】十四年,春,孔达缢而死。卫人以说于晋而免。(以杀告,故免于伐。
  ○缢,一赐反。)遂告于诸侯曰:“寡君有不令之臣达,构我敝邑于大国,既伏其罪矣,敢告。”(诸杀大夫亦皆告。)卫人以为成劳,复室其子,(以有平国之功,复以女妻之。
  ○复(fu),扶又反。妻,七计反。)

[疏]注“以有”至“妻之”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《释诂》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“平”为(wei)“成”,则(ze)“成”亦“平”也(ye)。男子(zi)谓妻(qi)(qi)为(wei)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)卫人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)父有(you)(you)平定国家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao),复以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)女(nv)(nv)妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)。言卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)女(nv)(nv)妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。刘炫(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)传文(wen)(wen)无卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)为(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi),“复室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)”,谓复以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)还其(qi)(qi)子(zi)。谓达(da)(da)既被诛(zhu),家(jia)当没入官,复以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)财物(wu)家(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)还其(qi)(qi)子(zi)。今(jin)知非者,案检(jian)传文(wen)(wen),上孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)云(yun):“苟(gou)利社稷,请以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)我说。”是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)忠(zhong)於(wu)(wu)卫国,本实无罪。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告於(wu)(wu)诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou),只欲虚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说晋。卫人(ren)荷其(qi)(qi)功力,何(he)得(de)没其(qi)(qi)家(jia)资?男子(zi)谓妻(qi)(qi)为(wei)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者对夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)言,故(gu)传云(yun)“女(nv)(nv)有(you)(you)家(jia),男有(you)(you)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。今(jin)若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)而(er)还其(qi)(qi)子(zi),便则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)母还子(zi),不(bu)得(de)云(yun):“复室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)”。又诸国大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi),传皆不(bu)载其(qi)(qi)氏(shi)姓,何(he)得(de)独责孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)须言卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)?既言“复室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)”,明孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)则(ze)卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)。可知刘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)为(wei)卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv),於(wu)(wu)传无文(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)规杜(du)过,於(wu)(wu)义(yi)非也(ye)。

使复(fu)其位。袭(xi)父禄位。

夏,晋侯伐郑,为邲故也。晋败於邲,郑遂属楚。
  ○为,于伪反。告於诸侯,蒐焉而还。蒐,简阅车马。
  ○蒐,所留反。阅音悦。中行桓子之谋也。曰:“示之以整,使谋而来。”郑人惧,使子张代子良于楚。十二年,子良质於楚。子张,穆公孙。
  ○行,户郎反(fan)。质音致。郑伯(bo)如楚,谋晋故(gu)(gu)也。郑以子良(liang)为有礼,故(gu)(gu)召之。有让国之礼。

楚子使申舟聘于齐,曰:“无假道于宋”。申舟,无畏。亦使公子冯聘于晋,不假道于郑。申舟以孟诸之役恶宋,文十年,楚子田孟诸,无畏抶宋公仆。
  ○冯,皮冰反。恶,乌路反。抶,敕乙反。曰:“郑昭宋聋,昭,明也。聋,闇也。
  ○聋(long),力(li)工反。

[疏]注“昭,明也。聋,闇也”。
  ○正义曰:人(ren)之听视聪明(ming),唯在(zai)耳(er)目而(er)已。郑(zheng)(zheng)昭(zhao),言其(qi)目明(ming),则(ze)宋(song)不(bu)明(ming)也。宋(song)聋,言其(qi)耳(er)闇,则(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)闇也。耳(er)目名举一事,而(er)对(dui)以相反(fan)。言宋(song)不(bu)解事,必杀我也。

晋使不害,我则必死。”王曰:“杀女,我伐之。”见犀而行。犀,申舟子。以子讬王,示必死。
  ○使,所吏反,“使者”同。女音汝。见,贤遍反。及宋,宋人止之。华元曰:“过我而不假道,鄙我也。鄙我,亡也。以我比其边鄙,是与亡国同。
  ○过,古卧反。又古禾反。杀其使者,必伐我。伐我,亦亡也。亡一也。”乃杀之。楚子闻之,投袂而起,投,振也。袂,袖也。
  ○袂,面世反。袖,徐又反。屦及於窒皇,窒皇,寝门阙。
  ○屦,九具反。窒,直(zhi)结反。

[疏]注“窒皇寝门阙”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):下云:“剑及於(wu)寝门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)外”,则屦之(zhi)(zhi)所及未至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)外,故(gu)(gu)以窒(zhi)皇为(wei)寝门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)阙,谓至(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)逐(zhu)及也。庄十九年(nian)鬻(yu)拳“葬(zang)於(wu)绖(die)皇”,注(zhu)云“绖(die)皇,冢前(qian)阙”者(zhe)(zhe),亦以此而(er)知(zhi)也。经传通谓两观(guan)为(wei)阙,唯指雉门(men)(men)。以雉门(men)(men)高大(da),为(wei)县旧章,而(er)使民观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)雉门(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)观(guan),特得阙名。名为(wei)阙者(zhe)(zhe),以其在门(men)(men)两旁,而(er)中央阙然为(wei)道,虽则小门(men)(men)亦如此耳。故(gu)(gu)杜於(wu)寝门(men)(men)、冢门(men)(men),皆以阙言之(zhi)(zhi)。此作(zuo)“窒(zhi)”,彼作(zuo)“绖(die)”,字异(yi)音(yin)同(tong),未知(zhi)孰是。其名为(wei)窒(zhi)皇及巿名蒲胥,其义皆未闻。

剑及於寝门之外(wai),车及於蒲胥之巿。秋,九月,楚子围宋。

冬,公孙归父会齐侯于穀。见晏桓子,与之言鲁,乐。桓子告高宣子。桓子,晏婴父。宣子,高固。
  ○乐音洛。

[疏]“与之言鲁乐”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:乐(le),谓(wei)乐(le)居高位也(ye)。

曰:“子家其亡乎!砍於鲁(lu)矣(yi)。子家,归父(fu)(fu)字。怀,思也(ye)。怀必(bi)贪,贪必(bi)谋人。谋人,人亦谋己(ji)。一国谋之(zhi),何以不亡?”为十八年归父(fu)(fu)奔齐传(chuan)。

[疏]“怀於”至“不亡”。
  ○正义曰:怀,思也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)思高(gao)位(wei)於鲁也(ye)(ye)。既(ji)思高(gao)位(wei),必贪。贪必计谋(mou)他人。既(ji)谋(mou)去(qu)(qu)他人,他人亦谋(mou)去(qu)(qu)己。一国(guo)之人谋(mou)去(qu)(qu)之,何以(yi)不至亡也(ye)(ye)?

孟献(xian)子言(yan)於(wu)公曰:“臣(chen)闻(wen)小国之免於(wu)大国也,聘而献(xian)物,物,玉帛(bo)皮(pi)币(bi)也。

[疏]“孟献”至“公说”。
  ○正义曰:臣闻小国之免罪於大国也,使卿往聘大国,而献其玉帛皮币之物。於是主人亦礼待之,庭前所实笾豆醯醢有百品也。君自亲朝於牧伯之国,而献其治国之功,若征伐之功,於是主人敬以待之。主人之身,有威仪、容貌,车服之饰,有物采、文章。嘉、淑,皆善也,有善言辞,善称赞。燕而送宾,有加增贿货。言宾往既共,则主报亦厚礼。使小国如此朝聘大国者,谋其不免於罪也。若不往朝聘,待其被诛责,而始荐贿货,则无及於好事矣。今“楚子在宋,君其图之”,劝君使往聘也。刘炫以为皆是宾事。“聘而献物”,谓献其国内之物。於是所献之物,庭中实之,有百品。谓聘享之礼,龟金竹箭之属有百品也。“朝而献功”,言治国有功,故土饶物产,於是玄纁玑组,羽毛齿革,乃得为容貌之物采文章。“嘉淑”,谓美善之物。“加货”,谓贿赂之多。多献贿赂,以谋其不免於罪也。
  ○注“物,玉帛皮币也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《聘礼》:宾执圭以致命,享(xiang)用(yong)束帛加璧。夫人聘用(yong)璋,享(xiang)用(yong)玄纁,束帛加琮,其享(xiang)币(bi)又有(you)皮马(ma)。是聘所献物,有(you)玉帛皮币(bi)也。

於是有庭(ting)实(shi)旅百。主人亦(yi)设(she)笾豆百品,实(shi)於庭(ting)以答宾。

[疏]注“主人”至“答宾”。
  ○正义曰:《聘礼》:“君使卿韦弁(bian)服,归饔饩(xi)五(wu)牢”。有(you)司入陈鼎、豆、簋、鉶、醯醢百瓮(weng),米(mi)百筥,黍、稷、稻、粱,皆(jie)设於中庭(ting)(ting),是“主人(ren)(ren)设笾豆百品(pin),实於庭(ting)(ting)以(yi)答(da)宾”也。刘炫谓(wei)治(zhi)国有(you)功、土饶云(yun)云(yun)。炫以(yi)杜注庄二(er)十二(er)年,“庭(ting)(ting)实旅百,奉之以(yi)玉帛”,诸侯朝王陈贽币(bi)之象(xiang),则朝聘陈币(bi)亦实百品(pin)於庭(ting)(ting),非(fei)独主人(ren)(ren)也。

朝(chao)而献(xian)功(gong)(gong),献(xian)其治国(guo)若征(zheng)伐(fa)之功(gong)(gong)於牧伯。於是有容貌、采章(zhang)、嘉淑,而有加(jia)货(huo)。容貌,威仪容颜也。采章(zhang),车服文章(zhang)也。嘉淑,令辞(ci)称(cheng)赞也。加(jia)货(huo),命宥币帛也。言往共则来(lai)报亦备。

[疏]注“容貌”至“亦备”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰:杜(du)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)“於(wu)(wu)是有(you)(you)(you)”者,皆(jie)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)为(wei)威(wei)(wei)仪(yi)容(rong)(rong)颜(yan)(yan)(yan)。当谓(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)为(wei)威(wei)(wei)仪(yi)容(rong)(rong)颜(yan)(yan)(yan)以接宾(bin)(bin)也。采(cai)章,车(che)服(fu)(fu)文章,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)陈设物(wu)采(cai)文章以接宾(bin)(bin),《周礼(li)(li)》车(che)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也。嘉、淑皆(jie)训为(wei)善(shan)(shan)。容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)、采(cai)章以外,别(bie)言(yan)(yan)善(shan)(shan)善(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以为(wei)令辞(ci)称(cheng)(cheng)赞(zan),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)接宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)善(shan)(shan)言(yan)(yan)辞(ci)、善(shan)(shan)称(cheng)(cheng)赞(zan)也。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)好(hao)货(huo)(huo)(huo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)增於(wu)(wu)常,若僖二(er)(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)“介葛卢来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)燕(yan)好(hao)”,成十三(san)年(nian)(nian)“孟献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)子为(wei)介,王(wang)重贿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)为(wei)命“宥(you)币帛(bo)”也。刘(liu)炫云(yun):“案此(ci)(ci)劝君行聘(pin)(pin),唯当论聘(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),深不宜(yi)言(yan)(yan)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)备。岂虑楚不礼(li)(li)而言(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)也?君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)(wei)仪(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)可舍,岂待(dai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)聘(pin)(pin)宾(bin)(bin)至(zhi),乃始审威(wei)(wei)仪(yi)、正(zheng)颜(yan)(yan)(yan)色,无(wu)(wu)(wu)宾(bin)(bin)客(ke)则(ze)骄(jiao)容(rong)(rong)仪(yi)?容(rong)(rong)仪(yi)非报(bao)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),何(he)言(yan)(yan)报(bao)礼(li)(li)备?”又(you)(you)(you)“献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)其(qi)治国(guo)”,刘(liu)炫云(yun):“传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)以正(zheng)班爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),率(lv)长(zhang)幼(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,则(ze)不名献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)功(gong)。成二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)王(wang)礼(li)(li)巩伯(bo)(bo),‘如侯伯(bo)(bo)克(ke)敌(di)(di),使(shi)大夫告庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)’,则(ze)侯伯(bo)(bo)克(ke)敌(di)(di),只合使(shi)大夫告王(wang)征伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),何(he)故(gu)(gu)(gu)亲(qin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)牧(mu)(mu)伯(bo)(bo)?礼(li)(li),小朝(chao)(chao)(chao)大。小国(guo)不合专征,复有(you)(you)(you)何(he)功(gong)可献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)?炫谓(wei)(wei)(wei)采(cai)章、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo),则(ze)聘(pin)(pin)享献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)国(guo)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)。玄纁玑组,羽毛齿(chi)革,皆(jie)充衣服(fu)(fu)旌旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰,可以为(wei)容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)、物(wu)采(cai)、文章,嘉淑谓(wei)(wei)(wei)美善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)言(yan)(yan)贿赂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)。皆(jie)宾(bin)(bin)所(suo)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),亦庭(ting)实(shi)也。於(wu)(wu)聘(pin)(pin)总(zong)言(yan)(yan)庭(ting)实(shi),於(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)指其(qi)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you),详於(wu)(wu)君,略於(wu)(wu)臣(chen)也。案庄(zhuang)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)‘庭(ting)实(shi)旅(lv)百(bai)’,则(ze)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)者庭(ting)实(shi)。又(you)(you)(you)成二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun):‘侯伯(bo)(bo)克(ke)敌(di)(di),使(shi)大夫告庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。’据此(ci)(ci)文则(ze)聘(pin)(pin)宾(bin)(bin)有(you)(you)(you)庭(ting)实(shi)。又(you)(you)(you)‘庭(ting)实(shi)旅(lv)百(bai)’与‘容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)采(cai)章’相对,杜(du)何(he)知(zhi)‘庭(ting)实(shi)’、‘容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,非是宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you),必为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)?又(you)(you)(you)君无(wu)(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)征伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),何(he)以知(zhi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)功(gong)於(wu)(wu)牧(mu)(mu)伯(bo)(bo)?”今知(zhi)刘(liu)说非者,僖二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),“楚子入享于郑,庭(ting)实(shi)旅(lv)百(bai),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)笾豆六品”。又(you)(you)(you)昭五年(nian)(nian),“燕(yan)有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)货(huo)(huo)(huo),飧有(you)(you)(you)陪鼎”。僖二(er)(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian),“葛卢来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)燕(yan)好(hao)”。此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun):“嘉淑,而有(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)“加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)”、“庭(ting)实(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)是主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)待(dai)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。《礼(li)(li)》传(chuan)(chuan),宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu),无(wu)(wu)(wu)“加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)解。襄八年(nian)(nian)郑伯(bo)(bo)亲(qin)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蔡捷于邢(xing)丘,是献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)征伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)於(wu)(wu)牧(mu)(mu)伯(bo)(bo)也。刘(liu)苟违(wei)杜(du)义(yi)(yi),以为(wei)“庭(ting)实(shi)旅(lv)百(bai)”及“容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)”、“采(cai)章”、“嘉淑”、“加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)货(huo)(huo)(huo)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,并(bing)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)物(wu)。又(you)(you)(you)以诸侯亲(qin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao),无(wu)(wu)(wu)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)征伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),以规(gui)杜(du)氏,违(wei)经背传(chuan)(chuan),於(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)非也。

谋其不免也。诛而荐贿,则无及也。荐,进也。见责而往,则不足解罪。
  ○贿,呼罪反。今楚在宋,君其图之!”公说。为明年归父会楚子传。
  ○说音悦。

【经】十有(you)五年(nian),春,公(gong)孙归父(fu)会楚子(zi)于宋(song)。

夏,五月,宋人及楚人平(ping)。平(ping)者,总言(yan)二国和,故不书其人。

[疏]注“平者”至“其人”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):平(ping)(ping)(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)和(he)也,言(yan)(yan)(yan)其先不平(ping)(ping)(ping),而今始平(ping)(ping)(ping),小服大、弱下彊之(zhi)意(yi)。昭七年“暨(ji)齐平(ping)(ping)(ping)”,燕与(yu)(yu)齐平(ping)(ping)(ping)也。定十(shi)年“及(ji)齐平(ping)(ping)(ping)”,十(shi)一年“及(ji)郑平(ping)(ping)(ping)”,鲁(lu)与(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也。诸(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)者(zhe)(zhe),皆举国(guo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping),总言(yan)(yan)(yan)二(er)国(guo)和(he)同之(zhi)意(yi),故不书其人(ren)(ren),谓不书公卿也。燕暨(ji)齐平(ping)(ping)(ping),不言(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren),此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)宋(song)人(ren)(ren)、楚人(ren)(ren),史异辞(ci)耳。《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),众(zhong)辞(ci)也。”平(ping)(ping)(ping)称(cheng)众(zhong),上下欲(yu)之(zhi)也。贾逵(kui)云:“称(cheng)人(ren)(ren),众(zhong)辞(ci)。”善其与(yu)(yu)众(zhong)同欲(yu)。”然则彼不称(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe),岂唯国(guo)君欲(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping),而在下不欲(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)乎?传(chuan)载(zai)盟辞(ci),则此(ci)平(ping)(ping)(ping)有(you)盟,不书盟者(zhe)(zhe),《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“宋(song)人(ren)(ren)及(ji)楚人(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)(ping),实盟,书平(ping)(ping)(ping),从赴辞(ci)也。”

六月,癸卯,晋师灭赤狄潞氏,以潞子婴儿归。潞,赤狄之别种。氏,国,故称氏。子,爵也。林父称师,从告。
  ○潞音路(lu)。种,章勇反。

[疏]注“潞赤”至“从告”。
  ○正义曰(yue):狄(di)(di)有赤(chi)(chi)狄(di)(di)、白狄(di)(di)。就其(qi)(qi)赤(chi)(chi)、白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,各(ge)自(zi)别(bie)有种类。此潞是国名(ming)。赤(chi)(chi)狄(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,别(bie)种一国。夷(yi)狄(di)(di)祖其(qi)(qi)雄豪者,子孙(sun)则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)豪名(ming)为(wei)种,若(ruo)中国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始封君(jun)也(ye)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)(chi)、白,其(qi)(qi)义未(wei)闻。盖其(qi)(qi)俗尚赤(chi)(chi)衣(yi)、白衣(yi)也(ye)。传称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“天子建德,因生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)赐姓,胙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土而(er)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)”者,即以(yi)(yi)国名(ming)为(wei)氏(shi)。但华夏不(bu)须言夏,国名(ming)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)氏(shi)配。赤(chi)(chi)狄(di)(di)既(ji)须言狄(di)(di),单国不(bu)复成文,故以(yi)(yi)氏(shi)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),潞氏(shi)、甲氏(shi)、皋落氏(shi),皆是也(ye)。杜(du)言“氏(shi),国,故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)”,虽指解(jie)此狄(di)(di),而(er)中国亦然。刘炫云:“狄(di)(di)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)种者,《周礼·内宰》上春‘生(sheng)穜稑(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)种’。贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草(cao)木,故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)种。”林父尊卿(qing),当(dang)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帅师(shi)。今从“将(jiang)卑师(shi)众(zhong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,直称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)者,从告也(ye)。

秦人伐晋。无传。

王札子杀召伯、毛伯。称杀者名,两下相杀之辞。两下相杀,则杀者有罪。王札子,王子札也。盖经文倒札字。
  ○札,侧(ce)八反(fan),徐又侧(ce)乙反(fan)。召,上(shang)照(zhao)反(fan)。倒,丁老反(fan)。

[疏]注“称杀”至“札字”。
  ○正义曰:《穀梁传(chuan)》曰:“不言其(qi),两(liang)(liang)下相(xiang)杀(sha)也(ye)”。言两(liang)(liang)臣(chen)(chen)下自相(xiang)杀(sha),非(fei)君杀(sha)臣(chen)(chen),不得(de)言“其(qi)大(da)夫”也(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰:“大(da)臣(chen)(chen)相(xiang)杀(sha),死者(zhe)(zhe)无罪,则两(liang)(liang)称(cheng)名氏,以(yi)示杀(sha)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,‘王(wang)札子(zi)(zi)(zi)杀(sha)召伯(bo)(bo)、毛伯(bo)(bo)’是(shi)也(ye)。若死者(zhe)(zhe)有罪,不称(cheng)杀(sha)者(zhe)(zhe)名氏,‘晋杀(sha)其(qi)大(da)夫阳(yang)处父’是(shi)也(ye)。”传(chuan)称(cheng)此人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)捷,捷、札一人(ren),而“札”在“子(zi)(zi)(zi)”上,故疑经文倒“札”字(zi)也(ye)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰:“王(wang)札子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?长庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号也(ye)。”何(he)休云:“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶兄也(ye)。”《左(zuo)传(chuan)》言札为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)孙苏所使,非(fei)是(shi)尊贵,不得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶兄,故《谱》以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)杂人(ren),不知何(he)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。

秋,螽。无传。
  ○螽音终。

仲孙蔑会(hui)齐高固于(yu)无(wu)娄。无(wu)传。无(wu)娄,杞邑。

初税亩。公田之法,十取其一。今又屦其馀亩,复十收其一。故哀公曰:“二,吾犹不足。”遂以为常,故曰初。
  ○税,始锐反。复(fu),扶(fu)又反。

[疏]注“公田”至“曰初”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)藉(jie)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)曷为(wei)(wei)什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)藉(jie)?什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)。多乎什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),大(da)桀小桀。寡乎什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),大(da)貉小貉。什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)。什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)颂声作矣。”何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“多取(qu)於(wu)(wu)民比(bi)於(wu)(wu)桀。蛮(man)貉无(wu)百(bai)官制度之(zhi)(zhi)费,税(shui)(shui)(shui)薄。”《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“古(gu)什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)藉(jie)。”《孟子(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏后(hou)氏(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贡,殷人(ren)(ren)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)助,周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)彻(che)(che),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实皆什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。”赵岐注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“民耕(geng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)贡上五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),耕(geng)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)七亩(mu)(mu)(mu)助公(gong)(gong)家(jia)(jia),耕(geng)百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)彻(che)(che)取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)赋(fu),虽异名(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)多少同(tong)(tong)(tong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。”书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)传(chuan)言(yan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)多矣,故(gu)杜言(yan)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)公(gong)(gong)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,谓(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)内取(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。旧法(fa)既已(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)取(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矣,“今(jin)(jin)又履其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀亩(mu)(mu)(mu),更复十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,乃是(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)。故(gu)《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)哀公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“二(er)(er),吾(wu)犹(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足”,谓(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)内税(shui)(shui)(shui)二(er)(er),犹(you)尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)足。则从此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),遂以(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)常,故(gu)曰(yue)初。言(yan)初税(shui)(shui)(shui)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),自(zi)此(ci)始也(ye)。诸书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皆言(yan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)·载师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)凡(fan)任地“近郊十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),远(yuan)郊二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)三,甸稍县都(dou)皆无(wu)过(guo)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),漆材(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)谓(wei)(wei)王畿(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)内所(suo)共(gong)多,故(gu)赋(fu)税(shui)(shui)(shui)重。诸书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)所(suo)言(yan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),皆谓(wei)(wei)畿(ji)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)。故(gu)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)税(shui)(shui)(shui)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)彻(che)(che)。”彻(che)(che),通也(ye),为(wei)(wei)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)通法(fa)。言(yan)天下(xia)皆十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耳,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)畿(ji)内亦十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。《孟子(zi)(zi)》又曰(yue):“方(fang)里为(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing),井(jing)(jing)九(jiu)百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)田(tian)。八家(jia)(jia)皆私百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),同(tong)(tong)(tong)养公(gong)(gong)田(tian)。公(gong)(gong)事毕,然后(hou)敢治(zhi)私事。”《汉书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)·食货志(zhi)》取(qu)彼(bi)意而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“井(jing)(jing)田(tian)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)夫。八家(jia)(jia)共(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)受私田(tian)百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),公(gong)(gong)田(tian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)八百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),馀二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)庐舍。”诸儒(ru)多用(yong)彼(bi)为(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)。如彼(bi)所(suo)言(yan),则家(jia)(jia)别(bie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)税(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)《诗》笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“井(jing)(jing)税(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)。”则九(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)税(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意异於(wu)(wu)《汉书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)《志(zhi)》为(wei)(wei)说也(ye)。又孟子(zi)(zi)对滕文(wen)公(gong)(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“请野(ye),九(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)助。国(guo)中(zhong),什(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)自(zi)赋(fu)。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)·匠人(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)引孟子(zi)(zi)此(ci)言(yan),乃云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)邦(bang)国(guo)亦异外(wai)内之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”。则郑(zheng)玄(xuan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)诸侯郊外(wai)、郊内其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。郊内,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)自(zi)赋(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。郊外(wai),九(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)助一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。是(shi)为(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)税(shui)(shui)(shui)二(er)(er)。故(gu)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸侯谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)彻(che)(che)者(zhe)(zhe),通其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)率以(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)。”言(yan)郊内郊外(wai)相通其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)率为(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)税(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。杜今(jin)(jin)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,则又异於(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)。唯(wei)谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫百(bai)亩(mu)(mu)(mu),以(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)归公(gong)(gong),今(jin)(jin)又履其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀亩(mu)(mu)(mu)税(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi),更十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耳。“履亩(mu)(mu)(mu)”,《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)》文(wen)也(ye)。赵岐不(bu)(bu)(bu)解夏五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、殷七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)意。盖古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)多田(tian)少,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫唯(wei)得五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)耳。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贡,贡五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亩(mu)(mu)(mu)。七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)助,助七亩(mu)(mu)(mu)。好恶於(wu)(wu)此(ci)。郑(zheng)注(zhu)《考工记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)畿(ji)内用(yong)夏之(zhi)(zhi)贡法(fa),邦(bang)国(guo)用(yong)殷之(zhi)(zhi)助法(fa)。”

冬,蝝生。螽子以冬生,遇寒而死,故不成螽。
  ○蝝,悦全反,《字林》尹绢反,刘(liu)歆云“蚍(pi)蜉(fu)子也”,董仲舒(shu)云“蝗子”。

[疏]注“螽子”至“成螽”。
  ○正义曰:《释(shi)蟲》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“草螽(zhong),负蠜。蜤螽(zhong),蜙(song)蝑。”李(li)巡云(yun)(yun)(yun):“皆分别蝗(huang)子,异方之(zhi)语(yu)也(ye)(ye)。”《释(shi)蟲》又云(yun)(yun)(yun):“蝝,蝮蜪。”李(li)巡云(yun)(yun)(yun):“蝮蜪,一名蝝蝝,蝗(huang)子也(ye)(ye)”。郭璞云(yun)(yun)(yun):“蝗(huang)子未有(you)翅者(zhe)。”刘歆以为(wei)(wei)(wei)“蚍蜉有(you)翅者(zhe)”,非也(ye)(ye)。如李(li)、郭之(zhi)说,是蝝为(wei)(wei)(wei)螽(zhong)子也(ye)(ye)。上云(yun)(yun)(yun):“秋,螽(zhong)”,秋而生(sheng)(sheng)子於地,至冬其(qi)子复(fu)生(sheng)(sheng),遇(yu)寒而死,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)成灾(zai)。传(chuan)称“凡物(wu)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai),不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)”,此不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾(zai)而书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)者(zhe),传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“幸(xing)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”。此年(nian)既(ji)饥,若使蝝早生(sheng)(sheng),更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)民害,则其(qi)困甚(shen)矣。喜(xi)其(qi)冬生(sheng)(sheng),以为(wei)(wei)(wei)国家之(zhi)幸(xing),故(gu)喜(xi)而书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“蝝生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu),此何以书(shu)(shu)?幸(xing)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”

饥。风雨不(bu)和,五稼(jia)不(bu)丰。

[疏]注“风雨”至“不丰”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:此年“秋,螽”。知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)螽而(er)饥者,《春秋》书(shu)螽多矣(yi),有(you)螽之年皆不(bu)书(shu)饥。而(er)此独书(shu)饥,知(zhi)(zhi)年饥不(bu)专为(wei)(wei)螽,故云“风雨不(bu)和,五(wu)穀不(bu)丰”也(ye)。

【传】十(shi)五年,春,公孙归父会楚子于(yu)宋。(终(zhong)前年传。)

宋人使乐婴齐告急于晋,晋侯欲救之。伯宗曰:“不可!伯宗,晋大夫。古人有言曰:‘虽鞭之长,不及马腹。’言非所击。天方授楚,未可与争。虽晋之彊,能违天乎?谚曰:‘高下在心,度时制宜。
  ○度,待洛反。川泽纳汙,受汙浊。
  ○汙音乌,注同。山薮藏疾,山之有林薮,毒害者居之。
  ○薮,素口反。

[疏]“川泽”至“藏疾”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《周礼(li)》虞之(zhi)(zhi)官有(you)大泽(ze)(ze)(ze)大薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou),小(xiao)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)。《尔雅》十(shi)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)大泽(ze)(ze)(ze),则薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)类(lei)。郑玄(xuan)《周礼(li)》注云:“泽(ze)(ze)(ze),水(shui)所锺也(ye)(ye)。水(shui)希曰(yue)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)者(zhe),泽(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)、山(shan)(shan)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou),相配为文(wen)者(zhe),川(chuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)流水(shui),泽(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)委水(shui),俱是(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui),故总云:“纳汙(wu)”,言其纳汙(wu)浊也(ye)(ye)。山(shan)(shan)有(you)木(mu),薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)有(you)草(cao),毒螫之(zhi)(zhi)蟲,在(zai)草(cao)在(zai)木(mu),故俱云“藏(zang)(zang)疾”,言其藏(zang)(zang)毒害也(ye)(ye)。薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)类(lei),而杜(du)(du)云“山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)林(lin)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)”者(zhe),薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)虽泽(ze)(ze)(ze)类(lei),传文(wen)与山(shan)(shan)相连(lian)。薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)草(cao)木(mu)积(ji)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)处,近山(shan)(shan)、近泽(ze)(ze)(ze)、皆得(de)称薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)。上既有(you)“川(chuan)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)”之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),下别云“山(shan)(shan)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)”之(zhi)(zhi)事,此薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)近山(shan)(shan),故杜(du)(du)云“山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)林(lin)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)也(ye)(ye)”。刘(liu)炫以(yi)(yi)为“泽(ze)(ze)(ze)旁之(zhi)(zhi)薮(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)(sou)”,以(yi)(yi)规杜(du)(du)氏(shi),非也(ye)(ye)。

瑾瑜匿瑕,匿亦藏也。虽美玉之质,亦或居藏瑕秽。
  ○瑾,其靳反(fan)。瑜(yu),羊朱反(fan)。匿,女力(li)反(fan)。

[疏]注“匿亦”至“瑕秽”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:瑾、瑜,玉(yu)之美(mei)名。《聘义(yi)(yi)》曰:“瑕不揜(yan)瑜,瑜不揜(yan)瑕。”郑玄云(yun):“瑕,玉(yu)之病也(ye)。瑜,其(qi)中间美(mei)者(zhe),玉(yu)之性善(shan)恶不相(xiang)揜(yan)。”此(ci)云(yun)“匿(ni)瑕”,似以(yi)美(mei)匿(ni)恶,故云(yun)“匿(ni)亦藏(zang)”也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)玉(yu)质虽(sui)美(mei),亦瑕藏(zang)其(qi)中,不言(yan)(yan)瑜能揜(yan)盖瑕也(ye)。

国君含垢,忍垢耻。
  ○垢,古口反,本或作诟。音同。天之道也。晋侯耻不救宋,故伯宗为说小恶不损大德之喻。
  ○为,于伪反。君其待之!”待楚衰。乃止。使解扬如宋,使无降楚,曰:“晋师悉起,将至矣。”郑人囚而献诸楚,楚子厚赂之,使反其言。反言晋不救。
  ○解音蟹。降,户江反。不许,三而许之。登诸楼车,使呼宋而告之。楼车,车上望橹。
  ○橹音鲁。遂致其君命。楚子将杀之,使与之言曰:“尔既许不穀,而反之,何故?非我无信,女则弃之,速即尔刑!”对曰:“臣闻之,君能制命为义,臣能承命为信,信载义而行之为利。谋不失利,以卫社稷,民之主也。义无二信,欲为义者,不行两信。
  ○女音汝,下注“而女也”同。信无二命。欲行信者,不受二命。君之赂臣,不知命也。受命以出,有死无霣,霣,废队也。
  ○霣(yun),于敏反。队,直(zhi)类反。又可赂乎?臣之(zhi)(zhi)许君(jun),以成命也。成其君(jun)命。死而成命,臣之(zhi)(zhi)禄也。寡君(jun)有信臣,巳不废命。下臣获(huo)考(kao),考(kao)成也。死,又何求?”楚子舍之(zhi)(zhi)以归。

夏,五月,楚师将去宋。在宋积九月,不能服宋故。申犀稽首於王之马前,曰:“毋畏知死,而不敢废王命,王弃言焉。”王不能答。未服宋而去,故曰弃言。申叔时仆,仆,御也。曰:“筑室,反耕者,宋必听命。”从之。筑室於宋,分兵归田,示无去志。王从其言。宋人惧,使华元夜入楚师,登子反之床,起之,曰:“寡君使元以病告,兵法,因其乡人而用之,必先知其守将左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名,因而利道之。华元盖用此术,得以自通。
  ○守,手又反。将,子匠反。道音导。曰:‘敝邑易子而食,析骸以爨。爨,炊也。
  ○析,思历反。骸,户皆反,本又作骨。《公羊传》作骸,何休注云:“骸,骨也。”爨,七乱反。虽然,城下之盟,有以国毙,不能从也。宁以国毙,不从城下盟。
  ○毙,婢世反。去我三十里,唯命是听。’”子反惧,与之盟,而告王。退三十里,宋及楚平。华元为质。盟曰:“我无尔诈,尔无我虞。”楚不诈宋,宋不备楚。盟不书,不告。
  ○质音致。

[疏]“子反惧,与之盟”。
  ○正义曰(yue):服虔(qian)云:“与华(hua)元私(si)盟,许为退师(shi),若孟任割臂(bei)与鲁庄公(gong)盟。”下云“盟曰(yue)”,是两国平后共盟,而楚人为此辞(ci)(ci)耳(er),非此华(hua)元、子反私(si)盟之辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)。

潞子婴儿之夫人,晋景公之姊也。酆舒为政而杀之,又伤潞子之目。酆舒,潞相。
  ○酆,芳忠反。相,息亮反。晋侯将伐之。诸大夫皆曰:“不可。酆舒有三儁才,儁,绝异也。言有才艺胜人者三。
  ○儁音俊。

[疏]注“儁绝”至“者三”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《辨名记》云:“五人曰(yue)茂,十人曰(yue)选,倍选曰(yue)儁(jun)(jun),千人曰(yue)英(ying),倍英(ying)曰(yue)贤,万人曰(yue)桀,倍桀曰(yue)圣。”是儁(jun)(jun)为(wei)绝异之称也(ye)。有(you)三隽才,知其有(you)才艺胜人者(zhe)三事耳,不(bu)知三者(zhe)何事也(ye)。

不如待后之人。”伯宗曰:“必伐之!狄有五罪,俊才虽多,何补焉?不祀,一也。耆酒,二也。弃仲章而夺黎氏地,三也。仲章,潞贤人也。黎氏,黎侯国,上党壶关县有黎亭。
  ○耆(qi),市(shi)志反(fan)。黎,礼兮反(fan),国(guo)名。虐我伯姬,四也。伤(shang)其(qi)君目(mu),五也。

[疏]“不祀”至“五也”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:此五(wu)者,从轻至重,不(bu)祀(si)(si)虽为(wei)大罪,废祀(si)(si)未是(shi)害(hai)物,故(gu)(gu)先言(yan)之。耆(qi)酒则废乱(luan)政事,有害(hai)於民(min),故(gu)(gu)次之。弃(qi)贤人而(er)侵(qin)邻国,其害(hai)已(yi)大,又次之。杀夫人,伤君目,罪之大者,故(gu)(gu)后(hou)言(yan)之。弃(qi)仲章而(er)夺黎(li)氏地,是(shi)为(wei)二事,而(er)并数为(wei)一者,俱(ju)是(shi)为(wei)政之恶,故(gu)(gu)并数之。夺黎(li)氏地已(yi)尽夺之,使黎(li)侯(hou)失位,故(gu)(gu)下云(yun)“立黎(li)侯(hou)而(er)还(hai),更(geng)复(fu)其国”也。

怙其俊(jun)才,而不(bu)以茂(mao)德,兹益罪(zui)也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)之人(ren),或者(zhe)将敬奉德义以事神人(ren),而申固其命(ming),审(shen)其政令。若之何待之?不(bu)讨(tao)有罪(zui),曰‘将待后(hou),后(hou)有辞而讨(tao)焉’,毋乃不(bu)可(ke)乎?夫恃才与(yu)众,亡之道也(ye)(ye)。商(shang)纣(zhou)由之,故灭由,用(yong)也(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“商纣由之故灭”。
  ○正义曰:《史记(ji)·殷本纪》云:“纣贤辩捷疾,闻见甚(shen)敏,材(cai)力(li)过人,手格(ge)猛兽。知(zhi)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)拒谏(jian),言足(zu)以(yi)(yi)饰非。矜人臣以(yi)(yi)能,高(gao)天下以(yi)(yi)声,以(yi)(yi)为皆出己之(zhi)下。”武王伐灭(mie)之(zhi),是由(you)恃才俊故(gu)灭(mie)也。

天(tian)反(fan)时为(wei)(wei)灾,寒暑易(yi)节。地反(fan)物为(wei)(wei)妖,群(qun)物失性。民反(fan)德为(wei)(wei)乱。乱则妖灾生(sheng)。故(gu)文反(fan)正为(wei)(wei)乏(fa),文,字。

[疏]“天反”至“灾生”。
  ○正义曰:据其害物谓之灾,言其怪异谓之妖。时由天,物在地,故属灾於天,属妖於地。其实民有乱德,感动天地,天地为之见变,妖灾因民而生,天地共为之耳,非独天为灾而地为妖。民谓人也。感动天地,皆是人君感之,非庶民也。昭七年传曰:“国无政,不用善,则自取谪於日月之灾。”言以政取谪,是其由君不由民。以民表人,故《释例》引此即改民为人,是其民谓人也。传言天灾,地妖,民乱,历序以尊卑为次。更言“乱则妖灾生”,明妖、灾由民起。妖、灾亦通言耳。天虽四时,气唯寒暑,故杜以“反时”为“寒暑易节”。物则其数无穷,故总云“群物失性”。反其常性即是妖也。《释例》曰:“物者,杂而言之,则昆蟲草木之类也。大而言之,则岁时日月星辰之谓也。岁者,水旱饥馑也。时者,寒暑风雨雷电雪霜也。日月者,薄食夜明也。星辰者,彗孛霣错失其次也。山崩地震者,阳伏而不能出,阴迫而不能升也。凡天反其时,地反其物,以害其物性,皆为妖灾。”是言妖灾皆通天地共为之也。此传地反物者唯言妖耳。《洪范五行传》则有妖、孽、祸、痾、眚、祥六者之名,以积渐为义。《汉书·五行志》说此六名,云:“凡草物之类谓之妖。妖犹夭胎,言尚微也。蟲豸之类谓之孽。孽则牙孽矣。及六畜,谓之祸,言其著也。及人,谓之疴。疴,病貌,言浸深也。甚则异物生,谓之眚。自外来,谓之祥。”是六名以渐为称,唯眚、祥有外内之异耳。大旨皆是妖也。
  ○“故文反正为乏”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:许慎《说文(wen)(wen)序》云:“苍颉(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初作书,盖依(yi)类象(xiang)(xiang)形,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。其后形声(sheng)相益(yi),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)。文(wen)(wen)者,物象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。字(zi)(zi)者,孳乳而生。”是文(wen)(wen)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)也(ye)。制字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti),文(wen)(wen)反(fan)正(zheng)为乏。服虔云:“言人反(fan)正(zheng)者,皆乏绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。”人反(fan)德则妖灾(zai)生,妖灾(zai)生则国灭(mie)亡,是乏绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。

尽在(zai)狄(di)矣。”晋(jin)(jin)侯从之。六月(yue),癸(gui)卯,晋(jin)(jin)荀(xun)林(lin)父败赤(chi)狄(di)于(yu)曲梁。辛亥,灭潞。曲梁,今广平曲梁县也。书癸(gui)卯,从赴。

[疏]“尽在狄矣”。
  ○正义曰:言“尽在狄矣”,则狄皆有(you)之。其“反德为乱”,则五罪(zui)是也。天地灾妖(yao),传不(bu)(bu)指斥,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)於时(shi)潞国(guo)有(you)何灾何妖(yao)也。

酆(feng)舒奔(ben)卫(wei),卫(wei)人归(gui)诸晋,晋人杀之。

王(wang)(wang)孙苏与召氏、毛氏争政,三(san)人皆王(wang)(wang)卿(qing)士(shi)。使王(wang)(wang)子捷(jie)杀(sha)召戴公乃毛伯卫。王(wang)(wang)子捷(jie)即王(wang)(wang)札子。卒立召襄(xiang)。襄(xiang),召戴公之子。

[疏]“卒立召襄”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:卒,终也(ye),谓(wei)后(hou)终立(li)之(zhi),非此时即立(li)。毛氏(shi)后(hou)亦不灭,但传不言(yan)之(zhi)耳。

秋,七月,秦桓公伐晋,次于辅氏。晋地。壬午,晋侯治兵于稷,以略狄土。略,取也。稷,晋地,河东闻喜县西有稷山。壬午,七月二十九日。晋时新破狄,土地未安,权秦师之弱,故别遣魏颗距秦,而东行定狄也。
  ○颗,苦果反。立黎侯而还。狄夺其地,故晋复立之。
  ○复,扶又反。及雒,魏颗败秦师于辅氏。晋侯还及雒也。雒,晋地。
  ○雒音洛。获杜回,秦之力人也。初,魏武子有嬖妾,无子。武子疾,命颗曰:“必嫁是!”武子,魏犨,颗之父。
  ○嬖,必计反。疾病,则曰:“必以为殉!”及卒,颗嫁之,曰:“疾病则乱,吾从其治也。”及辅氏之役,颗见老人结草以亢杜回,亢,御也。
  ○殉,似俊反。本或作“必以殉”。治,直吏反,下“治命”同。亢,苦浪反。杜回踬而颠,故获之。夜梦之曰:“余,而所嫁妇人之父也。而,女也。
  ○踬,陟(zhi)吏(li)反,徐(xu)又丁四反。尔用先人之(zhi)治(zhi)命,余是(shi)以(yi)报。”传举此以(yi)示教。

晋侯赏桓子狄臣千室,千家。亦赏士伯以瓜衍之县。士伯,士贞子。
  ○瓜,古华反。衍,以善反。曰:“吾获狄土,子之功也。微子,吾丧伯氏矣。”伯,桓子字。邲之败,晋侯将杀林父,士伯谏而止。
  ○丧,息浪反。羊舌职说是赏也,职,叔向父。
  ○说音悦。向,香丈反。曰:“《周书》所谓‘庸庸祗祗’者,谓此物也夫!《周书·康诰》。庸,用也。祗,敬也。物,事也。言文王能用可用,敬可敬。
  ○夫音扶。士伯庸中行伯,言中行伯可用。君信之,亦庸士伯,此之谓明德矣。文王所以造周,不是过也。故《诗》曰:‘陈锡哉周’,能施也。锡,赐也。《诗·大雅》。言文王布陈大利,以赐天下,故能载行周道,福流子孙。
  ○施,式豉(chi)反。率是道(dao)也(ye),其何不济(ji)!”

晋侯使赵同献狄俘于周,不敬。刘康公曰:“不及十年,原叔必有大咎,刘康公,王季子也。原叔,赵同也。
  ○孚,芳扶反。不敬,一本作而傲。天夺之魄矣。”心之精爽,是谓魂魄。为成八年晋杀赵同传。
  ○魄,普白(bai)反(fan)。

[疏]注“心之”至“同传”。
  ○正义曰:“心(xin)之精(jing)爽,是谓魂魄,魂魄去(qu)之,何以能久?”昭(zhao)二(er)十五年传文。

“初税(shui)亩”,非礼也。穀(gu)出不过藉,周法:民(min)耕(geng)百亩,公田十(shi)亩,借民(min)力而治之,税(shui)不过此。以(yi)丰财也。

[疏]“初税”至“财也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:藉者,借也。民之(zhi)田穀出(chu)共公者,不(bu)过取(qu)所借之(zhi)田。欲(yu)以丰民之(zhi)财,故(gu)不(bu)多税(shui)也。既讥其(qi)税(shui)亩,言(yan)“非礼(li)”,乃(nai)举正(zheng)礼(li)言(yan)“穀出(chu)不(bu)过藉”,则知所税(shui)亩者,是藉外更(geng)税(shui)。故(gu)杜氏(shi)为(wei)十一外更(geng)十取(qu)一,且以哀公之(zhi)言(yan)验之(zhi),知十二(er)而税(shui)自此始也。

“冬,蝝生,饥”。幸之也(ye)。蝝,未为灾而书之者(zhe),幸其冬生,不为物害,时岁(sui)虽饥,犹喜(xi)而书之。

[疏]“冬,蝝生,饥。幸之也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:幸之(zhi)(zhi)者,为幸蝝冬生(sheng),不幸饥(ji)也(ye)。而传以(yi)“饥(ji)”连(lian)“蝝生(sheng)”,乃(nai)云“幸之(zhi)(zhi)”者,以(yi)岁饥(ji)而复有灾,则民弥益其(qi)困。由(you)饥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)故,乃(nai)以(yi)为幸,故传连(lian)饥(ji)释之(zhi)(zhi)。

【经】十有六年,春,王正月,晋人灭赤狄甲氏及留吁。(甲氏、留吁,赤狄别种。晋既灭潞氏,今又并尽其馀党。士会称人,从告。
  ○吁,况(kuang)于(yu)反。种,章勇反。并(bing),必政反,一音如字。)

夏,成周宣榭火。传例曰:“人火之也。”成周,洛阳。宣榭,讲武屋,别在洛阳者。《尔雅》曰“无室曰榭”,谓屋歇前。
  ○榭本又作谢,音同。

[疏]注“传例”至“歇前”。
  ○正义曰:《楚语》云(yun)(yun):“先王之(zhi)(zhi)为台(tai)榭也(ye)(ye),榭不过(guo)讲军实,台(tai)不过(guo)望(wang)氛(fen)祥。”知榭是讲武(wu)屋也(ye)(ye)。名之(zhi)(zhi)曰宣,则(ze)(ze)其义未闻。服虔(qian)云(yun)(yun)“宣扬威武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)处”,义或当然也(ye)(ye)。成周(zhou),周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)下都。此榭别(bie)在洛阳,讲习武(wu)事则(ze)(ze)往就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)。《尔雅(ya)·释宫》云(yun)(yun)“无室曰榭”,又云(yun)(yun):“阇谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)台(tai),有木者谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)榭。”李(li)巡曰:“台(tai),积(ji)土(tu)为之(zhi)(zhi),所以观望(wang)。台(tai)上有屋谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)榭。”则(ze)(ze)榭是台(tai)上之(zhi)(zhi)屋,居台(tai)而临观讲武(wu),故无室而歇前。歇前者,无壁(bi)也(ye)(ye),如今厅是也(ye)(ye)。《公羊(yang)》以为“宣宫之(zhi)(zhi)榭”,谓(wei)宣王之(zhi)(zhi)庙也(ye)(ye)。以其中兴,其庙不毁。与《左(zuo)氏》异也(ye)(ye)。

秋,郯伯姬来归。

冬,大有年。无传。
  ○郯音谈。

【传】十六年,春,晋士会帅师灭赤狄甲氏及留吁、铎辰,(铎辰不书,留吁之属。
  ○铎,待洛反。)三月,献狄俘。(献于王也。)晋侯请于王。戊申,以黻冕命士会将中军,且为大傅。(代林父将中军,且加以大傅之官。黻冕,命卿之服。大傅,孤卿。
  ○黻音(yin)弗。将,子匠(jiang)反。大音(yin)泰,注同。)

[疏]注“代林”至“孤卿”。
  ○正义曰:晋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)中军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang),执政之(zhi)(zhi)上卿(qing)(qing)也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)傅又尊(zun)(zun)於上卿(qing)(qing)。且加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)傅,以(yi)褒(bao)显之(zhi)(zhi)礼命臣者,皆赐之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)服(fu),使服(fu)而(er)(er)受命。传言“以(yi)黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”者,黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)命孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),故以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)命士会也(ye)。《论语(yu)》称(cheng)“禹(yu)恶(e)衣(yi)服(fu)而(er)(er)致(zhi)美乎黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”,郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun):“黻(fu)(fu),祭服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)。冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),其(qi)(qi)冠也(ye)”。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)“黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”,亦当然也(ye)。黻(fu)(fu),蔽(bi)膝也(ye)。祭服(fu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)黻(fu)(fu)。其(qi)(qi)他服(fu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)韠。俱以(yi)韦为之(zhi)(zhi),制同而(er)(er)色异(yi)。韠,各从裳色。黻(fu)(fu),则(ze)其(qi)(qi)色皆赤(chi),尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)以(yi)深浅为异(yi)。天(tian)子纯朱,诸侯黄朱,大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)赤(chi)而(er)(er)已。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)上,冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)悉皆有黻(fu)(fu),故禹(yu)言黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),此(ci)(ci)亦云(yun)(yun)黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。但冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)自有尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)耳。《周礼·司(si)服(fu)》:“孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu),自希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)下(xia)。”此(ci)(ci)士会黻(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),当是(shi)希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)也(ye)。天(tian)子大(da)(da)(da)(da)傅,三公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)也(ye)。诸侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)傅,孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)也(ye)。《周礼·典命》云(yun)(yun):“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)孤(gu)四命。”郑(zheng)众(zhong)云(yun)(yun):“九(jiu)命上公(gong)(gong)得置孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)一人。”春秋时晋(jin)为霸,王侯亦置孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)。文六年有大(da)(da)(da)(da)傅阳子,大(da)(da)(da)(da)师(shi)贾佗,则(ze)晋(jin)尝置二孤(gu)。

於是晋国之盗逃奔于秦。羊舌职曰:“吾闻之:‘禹称善人,称,举也。不善人远。’此之谓也夫!《诗》曰:‘战战兢兢,如临深渊,如履薄冰。’善人在上也。言善人居位,则无不戒惧。
  ○远,于万反。夫音扶。兢,居陵反,本亦作矜。善人在上,则国无幸民。谚曰:‘民之多幸,国之不幸也。’是无善人之谓也。”
  ○谚音彦。

“夏,成周(zhou)宣榭火(huo)(huo)”,人火(huo)(huo)之也(ye)。凡火(huo)(huo),人火(huo)(huo)曰(yue)火(huo)(huo),天火(huo)(huo)曰(yue)灾(zai)。

[疏]“凡火”至“曰灾”。
  ○正义曰:人(ren)火(huo)(huo),从人(ren)而起,人(ren)失火(huo)(huo)而为(wei)害。本其(qi)火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)所(suo)来,故(gu)(gu)指火(huo)(huo)体(ti)而谓之(zhi)为(wei)火(huo)(huo)。天(tian)(tian)火(huo)(huo),则自然而起,不能(neng)本其(qi)火(huo)(huo)体(ti),故(gu)(gu)以其(qi)所(suo)害言之(zhi),谓之(zhi)为(wei)灾。圣人(ren)重天(tian)(tian)变,故(gu)(gu)异其(qi)名。《春秋》天(tian)(tian)变多矣,唯(wei)此言火(huo)(huo)耳。

“秋(qiu),郯伯姬来归”,出也。

为毛、召之难故,王室复乱。毛、召难在前年。
  ○为,于伪反。难,乃旦反,注同(tong)。复(fu),扶又反。王孙苏(su)奔晋,晋人复(fu)之。毛、召之党,欲(yu)讨苏(su)氏,故(gu)出奔。

冬,晋侯使士会平王室。定王享之,原襄公相礼。原襄公周大夫。相,佐也。
  ○相,息亮反,注同。殽烝。烝,升也。升殽於俎。
  ○殽,户(hu)交反(fan)。烝,之承反(fan)。

[疏]注“烝,升也,升殽於俎”。
  ○正义曰:礼,升殽於俎皆谓之(zhi)烝(zheng),故烝(zheng)为(wei)升也。郑玄(xuan)《诗》笺云:“凡(fan)非(fei)穀(gu)而食之(zhi)曰殽。”则殽是可食之(zhi)名。切肉为(wei)殽,乃升於俎,故谓之(zhi)殽烝(zheng)。

武子私问其故(gu)。享当体(ti)荐而殽烝,故(gu)怪(guai)问之。武,士会谥;季,其字。

[疏]注“享当”至“其字”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:若公侯来(lai)朝,王为设享,则当(dang)(dang)有体(ti)荐。荐其半体(ti),亦(yi)谓(wei)之房烝。武子谓(wei)巳被王享,亦(yi)当(dang)(dang)房烝,今(jin)乃殽烝,故(gu)怪而(er)问之。

王闻之(zhi),召武子曰:“季氏,而弗闻乎(hu)?王享有体(ti)荐,享则(ze)半解其体(ti)而荐之(zhi),所以(yi)示(shi)共俭。

[疏]注“享则”至“共俭”。
  ○正义曰:王为(wei)公侯(hou)设享(xiang),则半解(jie)其体而荐之。为(wei)不食,故不解(jie)折,所以示其俭也。“示其俭”与下“示慈惠(hui)”,成十二年传文。

宴有折俎。体解节折,升之於俎,物皆可食,所以示慈惠也。
  ○折,之设反,注同。

[疏]注“体解”至“惠也”。
  ○正义曰:王为公(gong)侯(hou)设宴礼,体解节折,升之於俎(zu),即殽烝(zheng)是(shi)也(ye)。其物解折,使皆可食,共食啖之,所以示慈惠也(ye)。其宴饮殽烝(zheng),其数无文若祭(ji)祀体解,案(an)《特(te)牲馈食礼》有九(jiu)体:则肩一(yi)、臂二、臑(nao)三(san)、肫四、胳(ge)五(wu)、正脊(ji)六、横脊(ji)七、长胁(xie)八、短胁(xie)九(jiu)。此谓士礼也(ye)。若大(da)夫礼,则十一(yi)体,加(jia)脡脊(ji)、代(dai)胁(xie)。其诸(zhu)侯(hou)天子无文,或同(tong)十一(yi)。

公当(dang)享,卿当(dang)宴,王室之(zhi)礼也。”公谓诸侯。

[疏]注“公谓诸侯”。
  ○正义曰(yue):五等诸(zhu)侯总名(ming)为公(gong),故云“公(gong)谓(wei)诸(zhu)侯”。言诸(zhu)侯亲(qin)来,则(ze)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)设享,又设燕(yan)也。厚用(yong)体(ti)(ti)(ti)荐(jian),燕(yan)用(yong)折(zhe)俎(zu)(zu)。若使卿来,虽为设享,仍用(yong)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan)法,亦(yi)用(yong)折(zhe)俎(zu)(zu),是王室待宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也。《周语》说此甚详:“王召士季(ji)曰(yue):子弗闻(wen)乎?禘(di)郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,则(ze)有(you)全(quan)烝(zheng)。王公(gong)立(li)饫,则(ze)有(you)房烝(zheng)。亲(qin)戚宴享,则(ze)有(you)殽(yao)烝(zheng)。”今(jin)“叔父使士季(ji)实来”,“唯是先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宴礼(li),欲(yu)以贻尔”。“体(ti)(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)节折(zhe),而共饮食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。於是乎有(you)折(zhe)俎(zu)(zu)”,“以示(shi)容合好”,“将安用(yong)全(quan)烝(zheng)?”注(zhu)《国语》者(zhe)皆(jie)云,禘(di)祭宗庙,郊祭天地,则(ze)有(you)全(quan)其牲体(ti)(ti)(ti)而升於俎(zu)(zu),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)烝(zheng)。王公(gong)立(li)饫,即享礼(li)也。礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)成者(zhe)名(ming)为饫。半解(jie)(jie)其体(ti)(ti)(ti)而升於俎(zu)(zu),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房烝(zheng)。传言体(ti)(ti)(ti)荐(jian),即房烝(zheng)也。亲(qin)戚宴享,则(ze)宴享礼(li)同,皆(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)节折(zhe),乃升於俎(zu)(zu),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殽(yao)烝(zheng)。此传略而为文,犹是彼(bi)意,故注(zhu)皆(jie)取彼(bi)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

武子归而讲求典礼(li)(li),以脩晋国之法。传言典礼(li)(li)之废(fei)久。

【经】十有七年,春,王正月。庚子,许男锡(xi)我卒。(无传(chuan)。再与文同盟。)

[疏]注“再与文同盟”。
  ○正义曰:锡(xi)我以文六年(nian)即位,七年(nian)盟(meng)于扈(hu),十四年(nian)于新城,鲁、许俱(ju)在,是(shi)再同盟(meng)也(ye)。

丁未(wei),蔡侯申卒。无传。未(wei)同(tong)盟(meng)而(er)赴以名。丁未(wei),二月四日。

夏,葬许昭公。无传。葬蔡文(wen)公。无传。

六(liu)月,癸卯(mao),日有食之(zhi)。无传。不书(shu)朔,官失之(zhi)。

己未,公会晋侯、卫侯、曹伯、邾子,同盟于断道。断道,晋地。
  ○断(duan),直管(guan)反,一音(yin)短。

秋,公至自会(hui)。无传。

冬,十有一月,壬午,公弟叔肸卒。传例曰:公母弟。
  ○肸,许乙(yi)反。

【传】十七年,春,晋侯使郤克徵会于齐。(徵,召也。欲为断道会。)齐顷公帷妇人,使观之。郤子登,妇人笑於房。(跛而登阶,故笑之。
  ○顷音倾。跛,波可反。)

[疏]注“跛而登阶”。
  ○正义曰:沈氏引《穀梁传》云:“鲁行父秃(tu),晋郤克(ke)跛(bo),卫孙良夫(fu)眇,曹公子首亻区,故妇人笑之。”是(shi)以知(zhi)郤克(ke)跛(bo)也。《穀梁传》定本作“郤克(ke)眇,卫孙良夫(fu)跛(bo)”。

献子怒,出而誓曰:“所不此报,无能涉河!”不复度河而东。
  ○复,扶又反。献子先归,使栾京庐待命于齐,曰:“不得齐事,无复命矣。”栾京庐,郤克之介,使得齐之罪乃复命。
  ○庐音卢,又力於反。郤子至,请伐齐,晋侯弗许。请以其私属,又弗许。私属,家众也。为成二年战于鞍传。
  ○鞍音安。齐侯使高固、晏弱、蔡朝、南郭偃会。晏弱,桓子。
  ○朝,如字。及敛盂,高固逃归。闻郤克怒故。
  ○敛,徐音廉,一音力渐反。盂音于。夏,会于断道,讨贰也。盟于卷楚,卷楚即断道。
  ○卷音权,一音居免反。辞齐人。晋人执晏弱于野王,执蔡朝于原,执南郭偃于温。执三子不书,非卿。野王,县,今属河内。苗贲皇使,见晏桓子。贲皇,楚斗椒之子,楚灭斗氏而奔晋,食邑于苗地。晏弱时在野王,故因使而见之。
  ○贲,扶云反。使,所吏反。注及下同。归,言於晋侯曰:“夫晏子何罪?昔者诸侯事吾先君,皆如不逮,言汲汲也。
  ○逮音代,或大计反。汲音急。举言群臣不信,诸侯皆有贰志。举亦皆也。齐君恐不得礼,不见礼待。故不出,而使四子来。左右或沮之,沮,止也。
  ○沮,在吕反。曰:‘君不出,必执吾使。’故高子及敛盂而逃。夫三子者曰:‘若绝君好,宁归死焉!’为是犯难而来。吾若善逆彼,彼齐三入。
  ○好,呼(hu)报(bao)反。为,于伪反。难,乃(nai)旦反。以怀(huai)来者(zhe)(zhe)。吾又(you)执之,以信齐沮(ju),吾不既过矣(yi)乎?过而不改,而又(you)久之,以成其悔,何(he)利之有焉?使反者(zhe)(zhe)得辞(ci),反者(zhe)(zhe)高固,谓得不当来之辞(ci)。

[疏]“以信齐沮”。
  ○正义曰:使沮者之言信也。
  ○“而又”至“有焉”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:晏桓子等惧晋(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)命,不得巳(si)而来,恨(hen)(hen)齐(qi)侯之(zhi)使也。今(jin)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)不以(yi)礼待(dai)之(zhi),而又(you)久执之(zhi),以(yi)成其悔恨(hen)(hen)。言本恨(hen)(hen)齐(qi),今(jin)又(you)恨(hen)(hen)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)。齐(qi)侯见晋(jin)(jin)(jin)如此,将有背(bei)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)心。齐(qi)若叛(pan)晋(jin)(jin)(jin),何利之(zhi)有?言此者,劝晋(jin)(jin)(jin)侯免之(zhi)耳(er)。

而害来者,以惧诸侯,将焉用之?”晋人缓之,逸。缓,不拘执,使得逃去也。传言晋不能脩礼,诸侯所以贰。
  ○焉,於(wu)虔反(fan)。拘,九于反(fan)。

秋(qiu),八月,晋师还(hai)。

范武子将老,老,致仕。初受随,故曰随武子,后更受范,复为范武子。
  ○复,扶又反。召文子曰:“燮乎!吾闻之,喜怒以类者鲜,文子,士会之子,燮,其名。
  ○燮,素协反。鲜,息浅反。易者实多。易,迁怒也。《诗》曰:‘君子如怒,乱庶遄沮;君子如祉,乱庶遄巳。’《诗·小雅》也。遄,速也。沮,止也。祉,福也。
  ○遄,市专反。祉音耻。君子之喜怒,以巳乱也。弗巳者,必益之。郤子其或者欲巳乱於齐乎?不然,余惧其益之也。余将老,使郤子逞其志,庶有豸乎!豸,解也。欲使郤子从政,快志以止乱。
  ○豸,本又(you)作鸠,直是反;或(huo)音居牛反,非也。解音蟹,此(ci)训见《方言》。

[疏]注“豸,解也”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《方言》文(wen)。

尔从二(er)三子,唯敬!”二(er)三子,晋诸大夫。乃(nai)请老(lao)。郤献(xian)子为政。

“冬,公弟叔肸卒”,公母弟也。凡大子之母弟,公在曰公子,不在曰弟。以兄为尊。凡称弟,皆母弟也。此策书之通例也。庶弟不得称公弟,而母弟或称公子。若嘉好之事,则仍旧史之文。惟相杀害,然后据例以示义。所以笃亲亲之恩,崇友于之好,《释例》论之备矣。
  ○好,呼(hu)报反。

[疏]“凡大”至“弟也”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)例(li)再言(yan)“凡(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe),前“凡(fan)”明(ming)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)人,適子(zi)(zi)(zi)及妾子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)等;后“凡(fan)”明(ming)策书称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。公(gong)之(zhi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)见经(jing)者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)段(duan)、鲁公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)友、卫(wei)叔武实(shi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。陈(chen)(chen)(chen)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)招,昭元年(nian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),八年(nian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)宠,异(yi)於(wu)(wu)众弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),盖缘自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)情(qing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养母(mu)(mu)(mu)氏之(zhi)志。公(gong)在(zai)虽俱称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)兄(xiong)(xiong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun),则(ze)(ze)(ze)特称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。殊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)异(yi)之(zhi),亲而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)睦之(zhi)。既(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隆(long)友于之(zhi)恩,亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奖为(wei)(wei)(wei)人弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)敬,成相(xiang)(xiang)亲之(zhi)益也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。通(tong)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)夫人之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)见於(wu)(wu)经(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)十,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)传之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)发,六(liu)条而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已。凡(fan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),此(ci)策书之(zhi)通(tong)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庶弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),故(gu)(gu)传之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)发,随而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)释(shi)之(zhi)。诸(zhu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)皆(jie)(jie)必称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秦(qin)(qin)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)针適晋,女叔齐(qi)曰(yue)(yue)‘秦(qin)(qin)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)必归(gui)’。此(ci)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)亦国之(zhi)常言(yan),得两(liang)通(tong)之(zhi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仲尼因母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)例(li),据(ju)例(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴义(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)怀害(hai)(hai)(hai)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)心,天王纵群臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),夫子(zi)(zi)(zi)探(tan)书其(qi)(qi)(qi)志,故(gu)(gu)显(xian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二(er)兄(xiong)(xiong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)恶。佞(ning)夫称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),不(bu)(bu)闻(wen)反谋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)段(duan)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),身为(wei)(wei)(wei)谋首(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)兄(xiong)(xiong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)害(hai)(hai)(hai)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章兄(xiong)(xiong)罪(zui)(zui)(zui);弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)兄(xiong)(xiong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。推此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀,秦(qin)(qin)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)针,陈(chen)(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黄,卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鱄出(chu)奔,皆(jie)(jie)是兄(xiong)(xiong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秦(qin)(qin)伯(bo)(bo)有千乘之(zhi)国,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)容(rong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),传曰(yue)(yue)‘罪(zui)(zui)(zui)秦(qin)(qin)伯(bo)(bo)’。归(gui)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)秦(qin)(qin)伯(bo)(bo),则(ze)(ze)(ze)针罪(zui)(zui)(zui)轻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)制御臣(chen)(chen)下,使逐其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),传曰(yue)(yue)‘非(fei)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)’。非(fei)黄之(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),则(ze)(ze)(ze)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)在(zai)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。此(ci)互举(ju)之(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至於(wu)(wu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)招杀(sha)兄(xiong)(xiong)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),宋辰率群卿(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)背(bei)宗国,披大邑(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成叛逆(ni),然(ran)不(bu)(bu)推刃(ren)於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)兄(xiong)(xiong),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)恶,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming),从两(liang)下相(xiang)(xiang)杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。统论(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi),兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)人交(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)杀(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai),各有曲(qu)直(zhi),存弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)(ze)示兄(xiong)(xiong)曲(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)既(ji)云失(shi)教,若(ruo)依例(li)存弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),则(ze)(ze)(ze)嫌(xian)善段(duan),故(gu)(gu)特去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),两(liang)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)夫朝聘盟(meng)会嘉(jia)好之(zhi)事,此(ci)乃兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)笃(du)睦,非(fei)义(yi)(yi)例(li)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)兴,故(gu)(gu)仍(reng)旧史之(zhi)策,或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。践土之(zhi)盟(meng),叔武不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。莒挐(ru)非(fei)卿(qing),非(fei)卿(qing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)应书,今嘉(jia)获,故(gu)(gu)特书。特书犹(you)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),明(ming)诸(zhu)书弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)卿(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“先(xian)儒(ru)说母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),善恶褒(bao)贬既(ji)多相(xiang)(xiang)错涉(she)”,“又(you)云称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大夫者(zhe)(zhe),得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊。案传莒挐(ru)非(fei)卿(qing),乃法所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)书,书而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),非(fei)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)聘享嘉(jia)好之(zhi)事,於(wu)(wu)是使卿(qing),故(gu)(gu)夷仲年(nian)之(zhi)聘,皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卿(qing)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行。此(ci)例(li)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。《左传》明(ming)文(wen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)违之(zhi)。颍氏又(you)曰(yue)(yue):臣(chen)(chen)无竟外之(zhi)交(jiao),故(gu)(gu)云弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贬季友,子(zi)(zi)(zi)招乐忧,故(gu)(gu)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惩过(guo)。郑(zheng)段(duan)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),唯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)通(tong),故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)贬。今此(ci)二(er)人皆(jie)(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),名(ming)号之(zhi)美称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),又(you)非(fei)贬所(suo)(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”刘炫云:“再言(yan)‘凡(fan)’者(zhe)(zhe),前‘凡(fan)’据(ju)適妻子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen),后‘凡(fan)’嫌(xian)妾子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun),母(mu)(mu)(mu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)更言(yan)‘凡(fan)’也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

【经】十有八年,春,晋侯、世子臧伐齐。(
  ○臧,子郎反。)

公伐杞。无传。

夏,四月。

秋,七月,邾人戕鄫子于鄫。传例曰:“自外曰戕。”邾大夫就鄫杀鄫子。
  ○戕,在良反(fan),徐又在精反(fan)。鄫,才陵(ling)反(fan)。

[疏]注“传例”至“鄫子”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:杜以会盟之例卿则(ze)书名(ming)氏(shi),大(da)夫则(ze)称(cheng)人,此称(cheng)邾人,故云邾大(da)夫耳。贾逵亦云“邾使大(da)夫往残(can)贼之”。

甲戌,楚子旅卒。未同盟而赴以名。吴、楚之葬,僣而不典,故绝而不书,同之夷蛮,以惩求名之伪。
  ○僣,子念反(fan)。惩(cheng),直升反(fan),止也,又作徵,如(ru)字,明也。

[疏]注“未同”至“之伪”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)(zang),鲁不(bu)会则不(bu)书(shu)(shu)。知吴(wu)楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)为(wei)僣不(bu)书(shu)(shu)者(zhe),襄二(er)十九年传(chuan)称(cheng)葬(zang)(zang)楚康(kang)王(wang),公(gong)亲(qin)送葬(zang)(zang),经亦不(bu)书(shu)(shu),故知其(qi)不(bu)为(wei)鲁不(bu)会也(ye)(ye)。《礼·坊记(ji)》曰(yue)(yue):“天无二(er)日,国无二(er)王(wang)”,“示民有君(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别。《春(chun)秋》不(bu)称(cheng)楚、越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)丧”,“恐民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惑也(ye)(ye)”。郑玄(xuan)云:“楚、越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)僣号(hao)称(cheng)王(wang),不(bu)称(cheng)其(qi)丧,谓不(bu)书(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):‘吴(wu)楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang),辟其(qi)号(hao)也(ye)(ye)。’”辟其(qi)号(hao)者(zhe),五(wu)等诸(zhu)侯死则称(cheng)爵书(shu)(shu)卒,及葬(zang)(zang),则从(cong)彼臣子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,皆称(cheng)为(wei)公(gong)。若书(shu)(shu)楚葬(zang)(zang),亦宜从(cong)彼所称(cheng),当云葬(zang)(zang)楚庄王(wang)。以此僣而(er)(er)不(bu)典,不(bu)得称(cheng)王(wang),故遂绝(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)其(qi)葬(zang)(zang),同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛮夷。言其(qi)不(bu)足纪录,以惩(cheng)创自求名号(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伪(wei)。同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛮夷者(zhe),蛮夷卒亦不(bu)书(shu)(shu),言其(qi)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)似之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

公孙归父如晋。

冬,十月,壬戌,公薨于路寝。

归父还自晋,至笙,遂奔齐。大夫还,不书,《春秋》之常也。今书归父还奔,善其能以礼退。不书族者,非常所及。今特书,略之。笙,鲁竟也,故不言出。
  ○笙音生,徐又敕(chi)贞反(fan),云“本又作柽,亦作朾”。案徐后音,是(shi)依二传文。竟音境。

【传】十八年,春,晋侯、大子臧伐齐,至于阳穀。齐侯会晋侯盟于缯,以公子彊为质于晋。晋师还,蔡朝、南郭偃逃归。(晋既与齐盟,守者解缓,故得逃。
  ○缯,才陵(ling)反。质音致。解,佳买反。)

夏(xia),公使如(ru)楚(chu)乞师,欲以伐(fa)齐。公不(bu)事(shi)齐,齐与晋盟,故惧而(er)乞师于楚(chu)。不(bu)书,微(wei)者(zhe)行。

秋,邾人戕鄫子于鄫。凡自虐其君曰弑,自外曰戕。弑、戕皆杀也,所以别内外之名。弑者,积微而起所以相测量,非一朝一夕之渐。戕者,卒暴之名。
  ○弑音试,注同。弑字(zi)从式,杀字(zi)从殳,他(ta)皆放此。别,彼(bi)列(lie)反(fan)。一朝(chao),如字(zi)。卒,寸忽反(fan)。

[疏]注“弑戕”至“之名”。
  ○正义曰(yue):弑(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),试也(ye),言(yan)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)下伺(si)候间隙(xi),试犯(fan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)。戕(qiang)者(zhe),残也(ye)。言(yan)外人卒(zu)暴(bao)而(er)来,残贼杀(sha)害(hai)也(ye)。弑(shi)(shi)(shi)、戕(qiang)皆是(shi)(shi)杀(sha)也(ye),所(suo)以(yi)别内(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)名耳(er)(er)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“列国之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),而(er)受害(hai)於臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)由者(zhe)积(ji)微(wei)而(er)起,所(suo)以(yi)相(xiang)测量,非一(yi)朝一(yi)夕之(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian),故改杀(sha)为(wei)(wei)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)。戕(qiang)者(zhe),卒(zu)暴(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)名。有国之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)当重门设(she)险,而(er)轻近(jin)暴(bao)客(ke),变起仓卒(zu),亦因(yin)事而(er)见戒也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun),子弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父,世之(zhi)(zhi)恶逆,君(jun)子难言(yan)。故《春(chun)秋(qiu)》诸自(zi)内(nei)虐其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)者(zhe),通以(yi)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)也(ye)。《春(chun)秋(qiu)》弑(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)多矣,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)戕(qiang)唯此一(yi)事。自(zi)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun),足明(ming)无道,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)罪之(zhi)(zhi)例。戕(qiang)者(zhe),外人所(suo)杀(sha),为(wei)(wei)无防被害(hai),皆是(shi)(shi)君(jun)自(zi)招之(zhi)(zhi);纵使君(jun)或无道,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恶不(bu)加(jia)外国,不(bu)得从弑(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)例也(ye)。若(ruo)战死则书灭。此谓在国见杀(sha)耳(er)(er)。”

楚(chu)(chu)庄王卒,楚(chu)(chu)师不出(chu)。既而用晋师,成(cheng)二年战于鞍是。楚(chu)(chu)於是乎有蜀之役。在成(cheng)二年冬(dong)。蜀,鲁地,泰山博县西(xi)北有蜀亭。

公孙归父以襄仲之立公也,有宠。归父,襄仲子。欲去三桓,以张公室。时三桓强,公室弱,故欲去之,以张大公室。
  ○去,起吕反,下注“将去”并同。张,如字,一音陟亮反。与公谋而聘于晋,欲以晋人去之。冬,公薨。季文子言於朝曰:“使我杀適立庶,以失大援者,仲也夫。”適谓子恶,齐外甥,襄仲杀之而立宣公。南通於楚,既不能固,又不能坚事齐、晋,故云失大援也。
  ○適,丁历反,注同。援,于眷反。夫音扶。臧宣叔怒曰:“当其时不能治也,后之人何罪?子欲去之,许请去之。”宣叔,文仲子,武仲父,许,其名也。时为司寇,主行刑。言子自以归父害己,欲去者,许请为子去。
  ○请为,于伪反。遂逐东门氏。襄仲居东门,故曰东门氏。子家还,及笙,子家,归父字。坛帷,复命於介。除地为坛而张帷。介,副也,将去,使介反命於君。
  ○坛音(yin)(yin)善(shan)。介(jie)音(yin)(yin)界(jie)。

[疏]“复命於介”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《聘(pin)(pin)(pin)礼(li)》复命(ming)(ming)之礼(li)云:“公(gong)南乡”,“使者(zhe)执圭(gui)”,“反命(ming)(ming)曰:以君(jun)(jun)命(ming)(ming)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)于(yu)某(mou)君(jun)(jun),某(mou)君(jun)(jun)受币于(yu)某(mou)宫。某(mou)君(jun)(jun)再拜,以享某(mou)君(jun)(jun),某(mou)君(jun)(jun)再拜”。“若聘(pin)(pin)(pin)君(jun)(jun)薨(hong)于(yu)后”,“归,执圭(gui),复命(ming)(ming)于(yu)殡。升(sheng)自西阶,不升(sheng)堂。子即(ji)位,不哭(ku)(ku)(ku)。辩(bian)复命(ming)(ming),如聘(pin)(pin)(pin),子臣皆(jie)(jie)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)。与介(jie)入,北(bei)乡哭(ku)(ku)(ku),出袒括发。入门右(you),即(ji)位踊”。是君(jun)(jun)之存亡(wang)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)复命(ming)(ming)之礼(li)。今(jin)身将(jiang)出奔(ben),不得亲自复命(ming)(ming),故立介(jie)於(wu)(wu)位。介(jie)当南面(mian),归父於(wu)(wu)介(jie)前(qian),北(bei)面(mian)执圭(gui)复命(ming)(ming)。既复命(ming)(ming)之后,北(bei)面(mian)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)。乃退(tui),括发讫,前(qian)即(ji)位,北(bei)面(mian)哭(ku)(ku)(ku),三踊而出。以复命(ming)(ming)之语语介(jie),使知令介(jie)以此言告於(wu)(wu)殡也。

既复命,袒、括发,以麻为发。
  ○袒音但。括,古活反。即位哭(ku),三(san)踊而出(chu)。依在国丧礼设哭(ku)位,公薨故。遂奔齐(qi)。书曰:“归父(fu)还自晋。”善之也(ye)。

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