晋文(wen)(wen)公伐(fa)原原文(wen)(wen)及译文(wen)(wen)
【原文(wen)(wen)】晋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)伐原,与士(shi)(shi)期七(qi)日,七(qi)日而(er)原不下(xia)(xia),命去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谋士(shi)(shi)言曰:“原将下(xia)(xia)矣(yi),师吏请待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”公(gong)(gong)曰:“信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宝也(ye),得(de)(de)原失宝,吾不为(wei)也(ye)。”遂去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明年复伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与士(shi)(shi)期必(bi)(bi)得(de)(de)原,然后(hou)返(fan),原人(ren)(ren)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃下(xia)(xia)。卫(wei)人(ren)(ren)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)为(wei)至矣(yi),乃归文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)。故曰“次原得(de)(de)卫(wei)者(zhe)”,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)。文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)非不欲(yu)得(de)(de)原也(ye),以不信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)得(de)(de)原,勿若不得(de)(de)也(ye)。必(bi)(bi)诚信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)以得(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)非独卫(wei)也(ye)。文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)可谓知(zhi)求欲(yu)矣(yi)。凡人(ren)(ren)主必(bi)(bi)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)又信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)谁人(ren)(ren)不亲(qin)非信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)则百事不满也(ye)故信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)功大(da)矣(yi)。(节选自《吕氏春(chun)秋》)
【注释】①原(yuan):古国(guo)名。②士(shi)(shi):兵士(shi)(shi)。
【译文】晋文公起兵(bing)(bing)讨伐原(yuan)国,跟身边的谋(mou)士(shi)说(shuo)七天攻(gong)(gong)下原(yuan),七天没有(you)攻(gong)(gong)克(ke)原(yuan)国,便命(ming)令(ling)士(shi)兵(bing)(bing)班师回朝。有(you)个谋(mou)士(shi)进言:原(yuan)国就要被攻(gong)(gong)克(ke)了,请(qing)将士(shi)官吏等待些时间(jian)。
元(yuan)公(gong)答到:诚信,来(lai)立国之宝(bao)。得到原(yuan)国而失去(qu)诚信这个宝(bao)物,我不能这样做(zuo)。于是元(yuan)公(gong)便班师回朝了。第三年又去(qu)讨伐原(yuan)国,与身边的谋士说这次一定会得到原(yuan)国再回来(lai)。卫国人听到这些,认为(wei)文(wen)公(gong)以诚信为(wei)治国,于是归(gui)顺(shun)文(wen)公(gong)。
所以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo):讨伐原(yuan)(yuan)国(guo)而(er)(er)得(de)到卫国(guo),就是(shi)这样的说(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)。文公不(bu)是(shi)不(bu)想得(de)到原(yuan)(yuan)国(guo),而(er)(er)是(shi)不(bu)想以(yi)失(shi)去(qu)诚(cheng)信的代(dai)价来得(de)到原(yuan)(yuan)国(guo),不(bu)能以(yi)不(bu)诚(cheng)的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)来得(de)到。一定得(de)以(yi)诚(cheng)信得(de)到,这样归(gui)顺的国(guo)家(jia)就不(bu)止是(shi)卫国(guo)了。文公可(ke)以(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)知道(dao)自己所想。
凡(fan)是做(zuo)主公(gong)的(de)都(dou)要以诚信(xin)立天(tian)下,对人诚信(xin)并且(qie)对那此不是很(hen)亲近的(de)人也一样,不诚信(xin)就(jiu)会(hui)让所有(you)事都(dou)不顺。所以这次攻下原诚信(xin)应该记为首(shou)功。