帝喾的传说
帝(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)初见(jian)于(yu)春秋时史料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。《礼(li)记·祭法(fa)》云“殷人褅喾(ku)”，而(er)(er)《国(guo)语(yu)·鲁(lu)语(yu)》则(ze)云“商(shang)人褅舜(shun)”，三(san)(san)国(guo)韦昭(zhao)认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“舜(shun)”当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“喾(ku)”字之(zhi)(zhi)误。殷墟甲骨卜辞载商(shang)人高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)夔，据(ju)王(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)维考定，“夔”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“帝(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)”之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，因形讹而(er)(er)成(cheng)“夋”。因此(ci)由夔神而(er)(er)分化成(cheng)喾(ku)、夋二(er)神，同见(jian)于(yu)《山海(hai)经(jing)(jing)》神话中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，唯“夋”写(xie)作“帝(di)(di)(di)俊”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)书中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最主要最显赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个上帝(di)(di)(di)神。“帝(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)”只偶(ou)尔提(ti)到两三(san)(san)次(ci)，而(er)(er)另(ling)外(wai)分化出(chu)“帝(di)(di)(di)舜(shun)”一(yi)神。自晋郭璞至近代学(xue)者(zhe)多认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“舜(shun)”自“夋”音变而(er)(er)出(chu)。是“喾(ku)”与(yu)“俊”、“舜(shun)”原由同一(yi)神“夔”分化出(chu)来已可(ke)(ke)论定。可(ke)(ke)参阅《山海(hai)经(jing)(jing)》郭璞《注(zhu)》、郝懿(yi)行《笺疏》、毕沅《新校(xiao)正(zheng)》、王(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)维《殷先公先王(wang)(wang)(wang)考》、郭沫若(ruo)《古代社会(hui)研究》、《卜辞通纂》、袁(yuan)珂《山海(hai)经(jing)(jing)校(xiao)注(zhu)》。其(qi)后唯“喾(ku)”与(yu)“舜(shun)”进入历(li)(li)史文献中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。喾(ku)保持(chi)了(le)(le)其(qi)东方鸟夷商(shang)远(yuan)祖(zu)(zu)地(di)位，大都说(shuo)他(ta)(ta)与(yu)简狄(di)因玄(xuan)鸟生契。舜(shun)除《国(guo)语(yu)》（韦昭(zhao)已改为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喾(ku)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仍保持(chi)其(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)族始祖(zu)(zu)神地(di)位外(wai)，其(qi)余文献皆与(yu)尧(yao)并举，成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“三(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)”前的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)帝(di)(di)(di)，失(shi)去(qu)商(shang)祖(zu)(zu)身份。后因与(yu)禹夏(xia)、后稷(ji)(ji)等全(quan)境(jing)诸族融合(he)成(cheng)华夏(xia)族，帝(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)便被编(bian)排入黄帝(di)(di)(di)世系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（见(jian)《大戴礼(li)记·帝(di)(di)(di)系(xi)(xi)篇》）为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)枵之(zhi)(zhi)孙，成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)与(yu)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)并列(lie)两系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)，而(er)(er)且把他(ta)(ta)编(bian)排为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尧(yao)，挚、契、稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)父，即尧(yao)族、商(shang)族、周族都成(cheng)了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)孙。因为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)世系(xi)(xi)编(bian)成(cheng)于(yu)周代，所以把周稷(ji)(ji)列(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长子(zi)，商(shang)契列(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)子(zi)，就把这原来对立的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)东、西(xi)两族融合(he)成(cheng)亲兄弟了(le)(le)。可(ke)(ke)见(jian)帝(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)在民族融合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被安排的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位相当重要。到《五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)德》提(ti)出(chu)第一(yi)种“五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)说(shuo)”，他(ta)(ta)便为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)；第二(er)种、第三(san)(san)种两“五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)说(shuo)”没有他(ta)(ta)；第四种“五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)说(shuo)”又有他(ta)(ta)。至于(yu)他(ta)(ta)与(yu)高(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)(xi)，正(zheng)如(ru)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)和高(gao)阳氏(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)(xi)一(yi)样，也是到《五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)德》、《帝(di)(di)(di)系(xi)(xi)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)才合(he)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。以后遂成(cheng)了(le)(le)历(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)定说(shuo)。
帝(di)(di)喾，姓姬(ji)，为上古五(wu)帝(di)(di)之一。他是黄帝(di)(di)的曾孙，“生而神灵，自言其(qi)名”。十五(wu)岁(sui)时，因辅(fu)佐颛顼(xu)帝(di)(di)有功，被(bei)封于高(gao)辛(xin)（今商斤市南高(gao)辛(xin)〕。三(san)十岁(sui)时，代颛顼(xu)为帝(di)(di)，都于亳。因他兴起(qi)于高(gao)辛(xin)，史称之为高(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)。
帝(di)喾即帝(di)位(wei)后，“聪以知远，明以察微。顺天之(zhi)义，知民(min)之(zhi)急。仁(ren)而威，惠(hui)而信(xin)，修身而大(da)下服”。他在位(wei)七(qi)十年，天下大(da)治，人民(min)安居乐业(ye)。
著(zhu)名文学家(jia)曹(cao)植曾作《帝喾赞(zan)》以颂(song)之：“祖自(zi)轩(xuan)辕，玄嚣(xiao)之裔，生言其名。木(mu)德治世(shi)。抚(fu)宁天地，神圣(sheng)灵(ling)宾，教讫四海，明并日明。”
帝喾有(you)(you)几个儿子在中国历(li)史上也是很有(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)。他的(de)元妃姜原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)弃(qi)（即后(hou)稷）。弃(qi)是周(zhou)的(de)始祖(zu)。次(ci)妃简狄生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)契。契是商的(de)祖(zu)先。次(ci)妃庆都(dou)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)尧。尧是历(li)史上有(you)(you)名(ming)的(de)圣贤之(zhi)君、五帝之(zhi)一。次(ci)妃常仪生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)挚。挚继承了(le)(le)喾的(de)帝位，九年后(hou)禅让给帝尧。
帝喾(ku)陵(ling)位于(yu)商丘市唯阳(yang)区南25公(gong)里的高辛集。现存(cun)墓地为一高大丘，长200余(yu)米，宽100余(yu)米。陵(ling)前原(yuan)有(you)帝喾(ku)祠(ci)、沐浴室、更衣亭、禅门等古建(jian)筑，院中有(you)大量碑刻。现仅存(cun)明代碑刻一通。
《史记·五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)本纪》：“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)高辛(xin)者，黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)曾孙也(ye)(ye)。高辛(xin)父(fu)曰(yue)蟜极(ji)，蟜极(ji)父(fu)曰(yue)玄(xuan)嚣，玄(xuan)嚣父(fu)曰(yue)黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。自(zi)玄(xuan)嚣与(yu)蟜极(ji)皆(jie)不得在位，至高辛(xin)即(ji)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)位。高辛(xin)於颛顼为族子。高辛(xin)生(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)，自(zi)言(yan)其名。普施利物(wu)，不於其身。聪以知远，明以察微。顺(shun)天之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，知民之(zhi)(zhi)急。仁而(er)(er)(er)威，惠而(er)(er)(er)信，脩(xiu)身而(er)(er)(er)天下服。取(qu)地之(zhi)(zhi)财而(er)(er)(er)节用之(zhi)(zhi)，抚教万(wan)民而(er)(er)(er)利诲之(zhi)(zhi)，历日月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)迎(ying)送之(zhi)(zhi)，明鬼神(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)(er)敬(jing)事之(zhi)(zhi)。其色(se)郁郁，其德(de)嶷嶷。其动也(ye)(ye)时(shi)，其服也(ye)(ye)士。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)溉(gai)执中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)遍天下，日月(yue)所照，风(feng)雨(yu)所至，莫不从(cong)服。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)娶(qu)陈锋氏女，生(sheng)放(fang)勋。娶(qu)娵訾氏女，生(sheng)挚。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)崩，而(er)(er)(er)挚代立(li)(li)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)挚立(li)(li)，不善(shan)，而(er)(er)(er)弟放(fang)勋立(li)(li)，是为帝(di)(di)(di)(di)尧。”
