爱上海

卷十九 十九之二

　　《昊天(tian)有成(cheng)命》，郊祀天(tian)地也。

[疏]“《昊天有成命》七句”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有成命》诗者，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)歌也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)所(suo)感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)佑助周室，文、武(wu)受(shou)(shou)其(qi)灵命，王有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下。诗人见其(qi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，思此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)王能受(shou)(shou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命，勤行道德(de)，故(gu)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)为此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)歌焉。经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)陈，皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)文、武(wu)施行道德(de)，抚民不倦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。所(suo)感(gan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)者，周人木德(de)，感(gan)苍帝灵威(wei)仰而(er)生，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)者，虽南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)有异，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)俱在郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，故(gu)总言(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。案《礼》，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，非(fei)止一事。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，不言(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，但(dan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，而(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)相对，唯(wei)有此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)(shen)耳。何者？《春官·大(da)司乐(le)(le)职》曰(yue)：“冬日至(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圜丘，奏乐(le)(le)六变(bian)，则天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)皆(jie)降。夏(xia)日至(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泽中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方丘，奏乐(le)(le)八(ba)变(bian)，则地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)皆(jie)出。”注云：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)则主北(bei)(bei)(bei)极，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)则主昆(kun)仑。彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)丘，不在於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，必非(fei)彼(bi)也(ye)(ye)。《大(da)司乐(le)(le)》又(you)曰(yue)：“舞(wu)《云门》以(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，舞(wu)《咸池》以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)。”注云：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)五帝。王者又(you)各以(yi)(yi)夏(xia)正月，祀(si)(si)其(qi)所(suo)受(shou)(shou)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祇(zhi)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)。”《地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)官·牧人》云：“阳祀(si)(si)用骍牲毛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，阴祀(si)(si)用黝(you)牲毛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注云：“阳祀(si)(si)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，阴祀(si)(si)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)祀(si)(si)文恒(heng)相对。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)俱言(yan)(yan)(yan)在郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，而(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)相对，故(gu)知是(shi)所(suo)感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝、神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郑云“夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月”，其(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月则无(wu)文。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)序(xu)同(tong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)，盖与郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)同(tong)，亦夏(xia)正月也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经不言(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，序(xu)云地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者，作者因(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)为此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)歌，王者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下，乃是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)同(tong)助，言(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)可以(yi)(yi)兼地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)辞不及地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。序(xu)知其(qi)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)作，故(gu)具言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

昊天有成命，二后受之。成王不敢康，夙夜基命宥密。二后，文、武也。基，始。命，信。宥，宽。密，宁也。笺云：昊天，天大号也。有成命者，言周自后稷之生而已有王命也。文王、武王受其业，施行道德，成此王功，不敢自安逸，早夜始信顺天命，不敢解倦，行宽仁安静之政以定天下。宽仁所以止苛刻也，安静所以息暴乱也。
　　○成王，王如字，徐于(yu)况反。其音(yin)基(ji)，本亦作“基(ji)”。宥音(yin)又。王功，于(yu)况反。解音(yin)懈(xie)，下同。苛(ke)音(yin)河。刻音(yin)克(ke)。

[疏]“昊天有成命”。
　　○正义曰：此篇毛传皆依《国语》，唯广、固二字，郑不为别训而破以同已，则是不异於毛，但意不必有感生之帝，与郑小异。今既无迹可据，皆同之郑焉。言昊天苍帝，有此成就之命，谓降生后稷，为将王之兆。而经历多世，至於文、武二君，乃应而受之。二君既受此业，施行道德，以成此王功，而不敢暂自安逸，常早起夜卧，始於信顺天命，不敢懈倦，行其宽仁安静之政，以定天下。二君既能如此，於乎可叹美也。此二君成王之德既光明矣，又能笃厚其心，而为之不倦，故於其功业终能和而安之。以此之故，得至於太平，是乃昊天之德，故因其祭而歌之。
　　○传“二后”至“密宁”。
　　○正义曰：此以太平之歌，作在周公、成王之世。成王之前，有成其王功者，唯文、武耳，故知“二后，文王、武王”也。以二王俱受天命，共成周道，故连言之。自“基始”以下及下传皆《周语》文也。《周语》称叔向聘於周，单靖公与之语，说《昊天有成命》。叔向告单子之老曰：“《昊天有成命》，颂之盛德也。”即全引此篇，乃云：“是道成王之德也。成王能明文昭、定武烈者，夫道成命者而称昊天，翼其上也。‘二后受之’，让於德也。‘成王不敢康’，敬百姓也。夙夜，恭也。基，始也。命，信也。宥，宽也。密，宁也。缉，明也。熙，广也。亶，厚也。肆，固也。靖，和也。其始也，翼上德让而敬百姓；其中也，恭俭信宽帅归於宁；其终也，广厚其心固和之。始於德让，中於信宽，终於固和，故曰成王。”是全释此篇之义也。古人说诗者，因其节文，比义起象，理颇溢於经意，不必全与本同。但检其大旨，不为乖异，故传采而用焉。此诗作在成王之初，非是崩后，不得称成之谥。所言成王，有涉成王之嫌。韦昭云：“谓文武修己自勤，成其王功，非谓周成王身也。”郑、贾、唐说皆然。是时人有疑是成王身者，故辨之也。
　　○笺“昊天”至“暴乱”。
　　○正义曰：以(yi)(yi)此郊天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，言其(qi)所(suo)感苍(cang)(cang)帝(di)。苍(cang)(cang)帝(di)非大帝(di)，而(er)云昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)，昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)与帝(di)名同，故解(jie)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大号(hao)，故苍(cang)(cang)帝(di)亦得(de)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。后稷以(yi)(yi)大迹而(er)生，是(shi)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精气。《中(zhong)候·苗兴》称(cheng)尧受图(tu)书，已有(you)(you)稷名在(zai)录，言其(qi)苗裔当(dang)王(wang)。是(shi)周自后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生，已有(you)(you)王(wang)命(ming)，言其(qi)有(you)(you)将王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆也(ye)。传训(xun)命(ming)为(wei)(wei)信(xin)，既(ji)有(you)(you)所(suo)信(xin)，必将顺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故言“早(zao)夜始(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)顺天(tian)(tian)命(ming)”。经(jing)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)巳训(xun)为(wei)(wei)信(xin)，其(qi)言天(tian)(tian)命(ming)，郑自解(jie)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，故非经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)也(ye)。正以(yi)(yi)言信(xin)必所(suo)信(xin)有(you)(you)事。上(shang)言天(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)成命(ming)，故知所(suo)信(xin)顺者(zhe)(zhe)，始(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)顺天(tian)(tian)命(ming)也(ye)。言始(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，王(wang)肃云：“言其(qi)修德常如始(shi)(shi)(shi)。”《易》曰：“日新之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)盛(sheng)德。”义当(dang)然也(ye)。传以(yi)(yi)密为(wei)(wei)宁，宁又训(xun)为(wei)(wei)安(an)也(ye)，故云“行宽(kuan)仁安(an)靖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政以(yi)(yi)定天(tian)(tian)下(xia)”。又解(jie)二(er)后行宽(kuan)安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。宽(kuan)者(zhe)(zhe)，体度(du)弘(hong)广，性有(you)(you)仁恩。己(ji)上(shang)行既(ji)如此，则其(qi)下(xia)效之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不复(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)苛虐急刻。安(an)者(zhe)(zhe)，缓於御物，为(wei)(wei)政清靖，己(ji)上(shang)行既(ji)如此，其(qi)下(xia)效之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不复(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)残暴扰乱(luan)。此宽(kuan)仁所(suo)以(yi)(yi)止苛刻，安(an)静(jing)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)息暴乱(luan)，故二(er)后勤行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

於缉熙，单厥心，肆其靖之。缉，明。熙，广。单，厚。肆，固。靖，和也。笺云：广当为光，固当为故，字之误也。於美乎，此成王之德也，既光明矣，又能厚其心矣，为之不解倦，故於其功终能和安之。谓夙夜自勤，至於天下太平。
　　○单(dan)，都但(dan)反(fan)。注(zhu)同。

[疏]笺“广当”至“之误也”。
　　○正义曰：笺以《外传(chuan)》之训与《尔雅》皆同，而《释诂(gu)》云：“熙(xi)，光也。肆，故(gu)也。”则(ze)是声(sheng)相涉而字因误(wu)，故(gu)破之。

《昊(hao)天有成命(ming)》一(yi)章，七句。

《我将》，祀文王於明堂(tang)也。

[疏]“《我将》十句”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《我将(jiang)》诗者，祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐歌(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)而(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)平(ping)，由此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)所配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)诗人因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，述其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事而(er)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)歌(ge)焉(yan)。经(jing)(jing)陈周(zhou)公、成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，为(wei)神祐而(er)保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)述文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，即(ji)《孝经(jing)(jing)》所谓(wei)“宗(zong)(zong)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，以(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)非(fei)一(yi)(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，谓(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)》曰，“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨不(bu)(bu)问卜(bu)”，注云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，莫適卜(bu)。”《月(yue)令》“季(ji)(ji)秋(qiu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)帝(di)(di)(di)”，注云(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)者，遍祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)。”《曲礼(li)(li)(li)》曰“大(da)(da)(da)(da)飨不(bu)(bu)问卜(bu)”，谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)有(you)(you)总祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，但(dan)郑以(yi)(yi)《月(yue)令》为(wei)秦世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书，秦法(fa)(fa)(fa)自(zi)季(ji)(ji)秋(qiu)，周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)然(ran)矣，故(gu)《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)审(shen)周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)何(he)月(yue)，於(wu)《月(yue)令》则(ze)季(ji)(ji)秋(qiu)正可。不(bu)(bu)审(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)必(bi)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。”明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，知(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)当在(zai)(zai)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。又以(yi)(yi)《孝经(jing)(jing)》言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)配(pei)(pei)(pei)，故(gu)知(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，则(ze)法(fa)(fa)(fa)小於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)矣。《玉藻》注云(yun)(yun)：“凡听朔(shuo)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)特(te)牲(sheng)告(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)及神，配(pei)(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。”《论语(yu)》注云(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)侯告(gao)朔(shuo)以(yi)(yi)羊，则(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子特(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)焉(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)告(gao)朔(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)止用(yong)(yong)特(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)言(yan)“维(wei)(wei)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)维(wei)(wei)羊”，非(fei)徒特(te)牲(sheng)而(er)已(yi)，故(gu)知(zhi)非(fei)告(gao)朔(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)：“四(si)时(shi)(shi)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)於(wu)四(si)郊，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)帝(di)(di)(di)。还於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”则(ze)四(si)时(shi)(shi)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)，亦祀(si)(si)(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，但(dan)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)於(wu)郊，已(yi)有(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)事，还至明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，不(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)为(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盛乃在(zai)(zai)於(wu)郊，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)(bu)过(guo)与告(gao)朔(shuo)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)则(ze)？《尧典》说巡守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)云(yun)(yun)：“归格于(yu)艺(yi)祖(zu)用(yong)(yong)特(te)。”郑以(yi)(yi)艺(yi)祖(zu)为(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)祖(zu)，犹(you)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。巡守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)告(gao)止用(yong)(yong)特(te)牲(sheng)，则(ze)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)亦不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亦用(yong)(yong)特(te)牲(sheng)矣。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“维(wei)(wei)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)维(wei)(wei)羊”，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)，非(fei)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)告(gao)朔(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)虽(sui)(sui)有(you)(you)“维(wei)(wei)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，不(bu)(bu)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)玉作六器，以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。以(yi)(yi)苍(cang)(cang)璧礼(li)(li)(li)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，以(yi)(yi)黄琮礼(li)(li)(li)地(di)，以(yi)(yi)青圭礼(li)(li)(li)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)，以(yi)(yi)赤璋礼(li)(li)(li)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)，以(yi)(yi)白琥礼(li)(li)(li)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)，以(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)璜礼(li)(li)(li)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)，皆有(you)(you)牲(sheng)币，各放其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“礼(li)(li)(li)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)立(li)春(chun)，谓(wei)苍(cang)(cang)精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)立(li)夏，谓(wei)赤精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)西方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)立(li)秋(qiu)，谓(wei)白精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)(li)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)立(li)冬，谓(wei)黑(hei)精(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)。”然(ran)则(ze)彼称礼(li)(li)(li)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)者，谓(wei)四(si)时(shi)(shi)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)(qi)，牲(sheng)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)，则(ze)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)，当用(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)矣。然(ran)则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)，虽(sui)(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)施设(she)一(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，必(bi)周(zhou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)种之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)。《国(guo)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)：“禘(di)郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，则(ze)有(you)(you)全(quan)烝(zheng)。”既总享(xiang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)，全(quan)烝(zheng)而(er)已(yi)。《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)：“敢用(yong)(yong)玄(xuan)牡，敢昭告(gao)于(yu)皇皇后帝(di)(di)(di)”者，彼谓(wei)告(gao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)用(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)，与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)别。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)：“祖(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)宗(zong)(zong)武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神於(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。”曰祖(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)，则(ze)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亦配(pei)(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)唯(wei)言(yan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者，诗人虽(sui)(sui)因祀(si)(si)(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)而(er)作其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)，主(zhu)说文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)序达其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意，唯(wei)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)耳。郊天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)以(yi)(yi)后稷(ji)配(pei)(pei)(pei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)成命(ming)(ming)》指说天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)周(zhou)，辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)及稷(ji)；《思文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)》唯(wei)言(yan)后稷(ji)有(you)(you)德，不(bu)(bu)述天(tian)(tian)(tian)功，皆作者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心有(you)(you)异，序亦顺(shun)经(jing)(jing)为(wei)辞(ci)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

我将我享，维羊维牛，维天其右之。将，大。享，献也。笺云：将，犹奉也。我奉养我享祭之羊牛，皆充盛肥腯，有天气之力助。言神飨其德而右助之。
　　○将如字。享(xiang)，许丈反(fan)，徐许亮(liang)反(fan)。右音(yin)又，注及下(xia)同，本亦(yi)作“佑”。肥(fei)(fei)腯(tu)，徒忽反(fan)，《说文》云(yun)：“羊(yang)曰(yue)肥(fei)(fei)，豕曰(yue)腯(tu)。”

[疏]“我将我享”。
　　○毛以为，周公、成王之时，祀於明堂，言我所美大，我所献荐者，维是肥羊，维是肥牛也。以此牛羊所以得肥者，维为上天其佑助之，故得无伤病也。我周公、成王善用法此文王之常道，日日用之，以谋四方之政。维天乃大文王之德，既佑助文王，於我周公、成王之祭又歆飨之也。善法文王之常道，而得为天所佑。我周公、成王，而今而后，其常早起夜卧，畏敬天之威怒，於是安之。言安行文王之道以为常法也。
　　○郑上三句唯一将字别，次四句云：我周公、成王则法象行此文王之常道，以日日施於天下，以治此四方之民，维我得受此嘏福於文王。此文王既佑助我而歆飨之，故所以与我嘏福也。馀同。
　　○传“将，大。享，献”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文。
　　○笺“将犹”至“助之”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：以将与享相类，当(dang)(dang)谓(wei)(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於神，不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜为大。将者(zhe)，送(song)致(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“犹奉(feng)养”。谓(wei)(wei)以此(ci)牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)奉(feng)养明(ming)(ming)神也(ye)(ye)。牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)充盛肥腯，有(you)天(tian)(tian)气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)助(zhu)(zhu)。有(you)其(qi)为天(tian)(tian)佑(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)无病伤。桓六(liu)年《左(zuo)传》云(yun)(yun)：“奉(feng)牲(sheng)(sheng)以告曰：‘博硕(shuo)肥腯’，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)民(min)力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)普(pu)存(cun)也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)硕(shuo)大蕃滋也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)疾(ji)瘯蠡也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)备腯咸有(you)也(ye)(ye)。”彼传言善於治民(min)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄(wang)劳役，民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畜产无疾(ji)，故(gu)(gu)祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)得(de)肥。明(ming)(ming)牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肥而无疾(ji)，是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力助(zhu)(zhu)。天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)助(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，唯德(de)是(shi)(shi)与，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)神飨(xiang)其(qi)德(de)而佑(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。维(wei)天(tian)(tian)佑(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，当(dang)(dang)是(shi)(shi)佑(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)於人(ren)(ren)(ren)而已。为佑(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)，以下句(ju)乃云(yun)(yun)“既佑(you)(you)飨(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，则此(ci)未是(shi)(shi)佑(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，文(wen)连牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)，知是(shi)(shi)佑(you)(you)助(zhu)(zhu)牛(niu)(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)，亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)飨(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)，故(gu)(gu)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)祀文(wen)王於明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)，则是(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)矣。《礼(li)》称郊用(yong)特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)，《祭(ji)(ji)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)“燔柴於泰(tai)坛(tan)，祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)用(yong)骍犊”，则明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)，亦(yi)(yi)当(dang)(dang)用(yong)特(te)牛(niu)(niu)矣，而得(de)有(you)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)以物莫称焉，贵诚(cheng)用(yong)犊，其(qi)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，无莫称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，自当(dang)(dang)用(yong)太牢也(ye)(ye)。《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)：“帝牛(niu)(niu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉，以为稷牛(niu)(niu)。”是(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)者(zhe)与天(tian)(tian)异馔(zhuan)，明(ming)(ming)其(qi)当(dang)(dang)用(yong)太牢。此(ci)祀有(you)文(wen)、武为配(pei)(pei)，於礼(li)得(de)其(qi)有(you)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。《夏官·羊(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)：“衅(xin)(xin)积，共(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)牲(sheng)(sheng)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“积，积柴。”以祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)有(you)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)牲(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)，彼衅(xin)(xin)在积上，明(ming)(ming)所(suo)云(yun)(yun)积柴非祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)，当(dang)(dang)谓(wei)(wei)槱燎祀司中、司命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等有(you)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。

仪式刑文王之典，日靖四方。伊嘏文王，既右飨之。仪，善。刑，法。典，常。靖，谋也。笺云：靖，治也。受福曰嘏。我仪则式象法行文王之常道，以日施政于天下，维受福於文王，文王既右而飨之。言受而福之。
　　○嘏，古雅反，毛“大(da)也(ye)”。

[疏]传“仪善”至“靖谋”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文也。刑既为法，则式不复为法，当训为用。毛於嘏字皆训为大，此嘏亦为大也。王肃云：“善用法文王之常道，日谋四方，维天乃大文王之德，既佑助而歆飨之。”
　　○笺“靖治”至“而福之”。
　　○正义曰：“靖，治”，《释诂》文。《特牲》、《少牢》皆祝以神辞嘏(gu)主人(ren)，与之(zhi)(zhi)以福(fu)，是受福(fu)曰嘏(gu)。仪者威仪，式者法式，故(gu)(gu)以仪式为则(ze)象，谓(wei)(wei)则(ze)象法行文王之(zhi)(zhi)常道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。以此(ci)能治四方，所(suo)以蒙佑，不宜为谋之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)以靖为治，谓(wei)(wei)施於天下也(ye)(ye)。既佑助飨(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)，是释其(qi)所(suo)以致福(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)意，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“言受而福(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)”，谓(wei)(wei)神受其(qi)德(de)，故(gu)(gu)降(jiang)与之(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)也(ye)(ye)。

我(wo)其夙(su)夜，畏天之(zhi)威，于时保之(zhi)。笺云：于，於(wu)。时，是也。早夜敬天，於(wu)是得(de)安文王之(zhi)道。

《我(wo)将》一章，十句。

《时迈》，巡守告祭柴望也。巡守告祭者，天子巡行邦国，至于方岳之下而封禅也。《书》曰：“岁二月，东巡守，至于岱宗，柴。望秩于山川，徧于群神。”
　　○巡音(yin)旬。守(shou)，手(shou)又反，本或作“狩”，注同。柴，士佳反，《说文》、《字林》作“祡(chai)”。行，下孟(meng)反，下“出行”同。禅，市战(zhan)反。徧(bian)音(yin)遍。

[疏]“《时迈》十五句”。
　　○正义曰：《时迈》诗者，巡守告祭柴望之乐歌也。谓武王既定天下，而巡行其守土诸侯，至于方岳之下，乃作告至之祭，为柴望之礼。柴祭昊天，望祭山川。巡守而安祀百神，乃是王者盛事。周公既致太平，追念武王之业，故述其事而为此歌焉。宣十二年《左传》云：“昔武王克商，作颂曰：’载戢干戈。’”明此篇武王事也。《国语》称周文公之颂曰：“载戢干戈。”明此诗周公作也。治天下而使之太平者，乃是周公为之。得自作颂者，於时和乐既兴，颂声咸作，周公采民之意，以追述先王，非是自颂其身，故得亲为之。序不言周公作者，颂见天下同心歌咏，例皆不言姓名。经之所陈，皆述巡守告祭之事。指文而言，“时迈其邦”，是巡守之辞也；“怀柔百神，及河乔岳”，是告祭之事。柴望祭天，经不言天，百神以天为宗，其文可以兼之矣。
　　○笺“巡守”至“群神”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名及告(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。天子(zi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)建诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邦国(guo)，令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)土(tu)(tu)。天子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)往行其(qi)(qi)邦国(guo)，至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)方岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)告(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)又为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)礼(li)焉(yan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)故(gu)有(you)柴(chai)(chai)望(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《书》曰(yue)(yue)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》文(wen)。彼说舜(shun)受尧(yao)(yao)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，即位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)柴(chai)(chai)望(wang)(wang)与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)同(tong)，故(gu)引以(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明(ming)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)告(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)望(wang)(wang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)方岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)守(shou)(shou)土(tu)(tu)，专制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)，告(gao)(gao)从令(ling)行。而(er)(er)(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)垂帷端拱(gong)，深居高(gao)视，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日二(er)日，庶事(shi)万(wan)机，耳(er)目不(bu)(bu)(bu)达(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)远(yuan)方，神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)照於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)幽(you)僻。或将(jiang)强以(yi)(yi)(yi)陵(ling)弱，恃(shi)众(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)侵寡，拥遏王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命，冤(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)闻，而(er)(er)(er)(er)使远(yuan)道细(xi)民(min)(min)受枉。圣世圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)知其(qi)(qi)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)礼(li)，时(shi)自巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《大司(si)马职》曰(yue)(yue)：“及师(shi)(shi)，大合军，以(yi)(yi)(yi)行禁令(ling)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)无(wu)辜，伐有(you)罪(zui)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师(shi)(shi)谓巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)。若会同(tong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，有(you)伐罪(zui)正(zheng)(zheng)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》说巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“协时(shi)月(yue)正(zheng)(zheng)日，同(tong)律(lv)度量衡。”《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》说巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“命太(tai)(tai)师(shi)(shi)陈诗，以(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)民(min)(min)风。命市纳贾，以(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)好恶。不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君削(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君黜以(yi)(yi)(yi)爵。革制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度衣服者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)叛(pan)，叛(pan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)君讨。有(you)功(gong)德(de)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，加(jia)地(di)(di)(di)进律(lv)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)代天理(li)民(min)(min)，今既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天远(yuan)行，所(suo)(suo)至(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)。五(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，今既来至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)傍，又亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)无(wu)礼(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)燔柴(chai)(chai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)天，望(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)川。《白(bai)虎通(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)天何(he)(he)？本巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天所(suo)(suo)告(gao)(gao)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》注亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“柴(chai)(chai)祭(ji)(ji)天，告(gao)(gao)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)望(wang)(wang)秩(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山(shan)(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，望(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)在，以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊卑(bei)次秩(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“徧(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊卑(bei)次秩(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，每至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)告(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，非独东岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。告(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)则(ze)四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆然(ran)。其(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯(wei)岱(dai)宗(zong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已，馀岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。聚土(tu)(tu)曰(yue)(yue)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，除(chu)地(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)墠。变墠言(yan)(yan)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)因(yin)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。何(he)(he)则(ze)？虽未太(tai)(tai)平(ping)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)观(guan)民(min)(min)风俗(su)而(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)。其(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)功(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，乃(nai)(nai)告(gao)(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天，非太(tai)(tai)平(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。其(qi)(qi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)，则(ze)唐(tang)、虞五(wu)载一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)，周(zhou)则(ze)十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常，非直(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯(wei)《大宗(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)大封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)则(ze)先告(gao)(gao)后土(tu)(tu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)外，更无(wu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“因(yin)名山(shan)(shan)，升(sheng)中(zhong)于天，而(er)(er)(er)(er)凤凰降，龟(gui)龙假。”虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“升(sheng)，上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)，犹成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)燔柴(chai)(chai)祭(ji)(ji)天，告(gao)(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)，阴阳和而(er)(er)(er)(er)致象物。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)功(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)瑞至(zhi)，然(ran)后可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)中(zhong)，明(ming)未太(tai)(tai)平(ping)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白(bai)虎通(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)易姓(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)起，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)升(sheng)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)太(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)何(he)(he)？告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。始受命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，改制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应天，天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)，功(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)何(he)(he)？万(wan)物交(jiao)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)何(he)(he)？因(yin)高(gao)告(gao)(gao)高(gao)，顺其(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)升(sheng)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，增(zeng)高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)梁(liang)甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)基(ji)，广(guang)厚(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天以(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尊，地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)厚(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)。增(zeng)太(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)天，附(fu)梁(liang)甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)地(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)命，功(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)就，有(you)益於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天地(di)(di)(di)。若高(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)高(gao)，厚(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)加(jia)厚(hou)矣。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)说封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。若然(ran)，巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)待太(tai)(tai)平(ping)，则(ze)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)未封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)矣。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诗述武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)方岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，广(guang)解巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。言(yan)(yan)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)因(yin)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非言(yan)(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)得封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史记·封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)，齐桓公欲封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，管仲曰(yue)(yue)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰山(shan)(shan)、禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)梁(liang)甫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)七十(shi)(shi)二(er)家，而(er)(er)(er)(er)夷吾(wu)所(suo)(suo)记者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)有(you)二(er)焉(yan)。”乃(nai)(nai)数(shu)十(shi)(shi)二(er)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰山(shan)(shan)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)社首。是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禅(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，其(qi)(qi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)则(ze)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)《左传(chuan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诗是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)矣。《白(bai)虎通(tong)》曰(yue)(yue)：“何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知太(tai)(tai)平(ping)乃(nai)(nai)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)，至(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)(nai)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)。”其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)违《诗》反传(chuan)，所(suo)(suo)说非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“徧(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》乃(nai)(nai)在上(shang)(shang)文(wen)“正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)上(shang)(shang)日，受终於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)祖”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)“类於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)帝，禋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)宗(zong)，望(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)川，徧(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)月(yue)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，唯(wei)有(you)“柴(chai)(chai)，望(wang)(wang)秩(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)川”而(er)(er)(er)(er)山(shan)(shan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)“徧(bian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句，衍字也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定(ding)本、《集注》皆有(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句。案《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》说巡(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“柴(chai)(chai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)祀”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)“徧(bian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，丘陵(ling)坟衍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。”《般》序(xu)止云(yun)(yun)(yun)四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)河海，经唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)嶞山(shan)(shan)乔岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)坟衍丘陵(ling)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)徧(bian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)相校，正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)所(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，多於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祭(ji)(ji)岱(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)岱(dai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禋六(liu)宗(zong)，何(he)(he)知当徧(bian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)由二(er)文(wen)相涉，后人(ren)遂增(zeng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。

时迈其邦，昊天其子之。实右序有周。薄言震之，莫不震叠。怀柔百神，及河乔岳。允王维后！迈，行。震，动。叠，惧。怀，来。柔，安。乔，高也。高岳，岱宗也。笺云：薄，犹甫也。甫，始也。允，信也。武王既定天下，时出行其邦国，谓巡守也。天其子爱之，右助次序其事，谓多生贤知，使为之臣也。其兵所征伐，甫动之以威，则莫不动惧而服者。言其威武，又见畏也。王行巡守，其至方岳之下，来安群神，望于山川，皆以尊卑祭之。信哉，武王之宜为君，美之也。
　　○右音(yin)又(you)，注同(tong)，助(zhu)也(ye)。叠(die)，徒(tu)协反(fan)。柔如字，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“濡(ru)”，两通，俱训安也(ye)。乔音(yin)桥。{山狱}，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“岳(yue)”，同(tong)音(yin)岳(yue)。知音(yin)智。

[疏]“时迈其邦”。
　　○正义曰：周公以时既大平，追述武王之事。言武王既定天下，以时行其邦国。其出也，天行云转，六军皆从，群臣贤智，各司其职。於是乃见昊天，其於武王子爱之矣，实佑助而次序我有周之事。谓生贤智之臣，使得以为用，是子爱之也。其所往之处，始欲我武王以军威动之，莫不动惧而服，是威又可畏，不假用兵也。至於方岳之下，其来乃为安宁百神及河与高岳，皆次秩祭之。武王巡行邦国，而使人神得所信乎。武王之德如是，维宜为天下之君也。於此行也，明见天之爱我有周，使俊乂之臣用，次序在位。多生贤哲，令之在官，是其子爱之效，於此明见之也。动之以威，莫敢不服。武王於是则聚其干戈而纳之，则韬其弓矢而藏之，是由往则震惧，故不用之也。我武王能如此，求有美德之士而任用之，其功其大美矣，故陈其功状，於是大乐而歌之。信哉，我武王之德能长安之，言能安此大乐之美，故歌之也。
　　○传“迈行”至“岱宗”。
　　○正义曰：“迈，行”，“怀，来”，《释言》文。“震，动”，“叠，惧”，“乔，高”，《释诂》文。彼叠作“慴”，音义同。《释诂》云：“柔，安也。”某氏引《诗》云：“怀柔百神。”定本作“柔”，《集注》作“濡”。柔是也。言“高岳，岱宗”者，以巡守之礼，必始於东方，故以岱宗言之，其实理兼四岳，《般》祀四岳是也。谓之岱宗者，应劭《风俗通》云：“岱，始也。宗，长也。万物之始，阴阳交代，故为五岳长。”《白虎通》云：“岱者，言万物相代於东方也。”
　　○笺“薄犹”至“美之”。
　　○正义曰：《芣苡》传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“薄(bo)(bo)，辞。”笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“薄(bo)(bo)言(yan)，我(wo)薄(bo)(bo)。”其(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)薄(bo)(bo)欲如此(ci)，亦(yi)是(shi)初始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)转之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)甫(fu)，训甫(fu)为(wei)始(shi)也(ye)。“允，信”，《释(shi)诂(gu)》文(wen)。序(xu)(xu)言(yan)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知出行(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)邦国，谓(wei)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)也(ye)。佑(you)序(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)承“昊天(tian)(tian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知亦(yi)是(shi)昊天(tian)(tian)助(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，次序(xu)(xu)其(qi)(qi)事。下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“式序(xu)(xu)在位”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知谓(wei)“多(duo)生(sheng)贤(xian)智(zhi)，使为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)”。时虽(sui)无(wu)敌可伐，但兵(bing)(bing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)主(zhu)伐有(you)罪，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)征伐，甫(fu)动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)威(wei)，则(ze)莫不(bu)动惧而服(fu)”。言(yan)其(qi)(qi)威(wei)武，又(you)见(jian)畏，谓(wei)不(bu)但为(wei)天(tian)(tian)所(suo)爱，复为(wei)人所(suo)畏，故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)“又(you)”也(ye)。《乐(le)记(ji)》说(shuo)武王(wang)克定天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，其(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)包以(yi)(yi)虎皮，示不(bu)复用，则(ze)伐纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)即服(fu)。至於(wu)(wu)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，始(shi)言(yan)莫不(bu)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，虑(lv)有(you)不(bu)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)美(mei)其(qi)(qi)无(wu)不(bu)服(fu)耳，非谓(wei)时有(you)叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见(jian)兵(bing)(bing)乃服(fu)也(ye)。又(you)解(jie)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，得有(you)动威(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。以(yi)(yi)王(wang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，以(yi)(yi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)从故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)马(ma)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)(shi)，大(da)(da)(da)合军(jun)(jun)(jun)，以(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)禁令，以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)无(wu)辜，伐有(you)罪。”又(you)曰：“若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)掌其(qi)(qi)戒(jie)令，莅衅主(zhu)，及(ji)(ji)军(jun)(jun)(jun)器。”上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)(shi)”，下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)”，则(ze)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)“衅主(zhu)，及(ji)(ji)军(jun)(jun)(jun)器”，是(shi)征伐实事，则(ze)上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)(shi)”，非征伐也(ye)。明大(da)(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)征伐，及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)“及(ji)(ji)师(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)王(wang)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)。若(ruo)会(hui)同(tong)，司(si)马(ma)起师(shi)(shi)(shi)合军(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)从，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)威(wei)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)政也(ye)。不(bu)言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，未有(you)敌，不(bu)尚武。”是(shi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，当师(shi)(shi)(shi)从也(ye)。言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)合军(jun)(jun)(jun)，犹《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐(le)》言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)合乐(le)。大(da)(da)(da)合乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，遍作六(liu)(liu)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)，则(ze)知大(da)(da)(da)合军(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)皆行(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。而《杂问志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，礼无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑意以(yi)(yi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)必有(you)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)，但礼无(wu)正文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)”耳。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)海内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，安(an)(an)不(bu)忘(wang)危，且云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“救(jiu)无(wu)辜，伐有(you)罪”，安(an)(an)得无(wu)六(liu)(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)？百神(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)天(tian)(tian)与山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)。神(shen)以(yi)(yi)王(wang)为(wei)主(zhu)，祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)安(an)(an)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“来安(an)(an)群神(shen)”，谓(wei)望於(wu)(wu)山川。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“望秩於(wu)(wu)山川。”秩者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，次秩，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆以(yi)(yi)尊卑祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。此(ci)解(jie)百神(shen)，止云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山川而已(yi)，益明序(xu)(xu)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笺无(wu)“徧於(wu)(wu)群神(shen)”也(ye)。“允王(wang)维后”，总上事而叹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“信哉，武王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德宜为(wei)君。美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”。

明昭(zhao)有周，式序在位(wei)。明矣，知未(wei)然也(ye)。昭(zhao)然，不(bu)疑也(ye)。笺云：昭(zhao)，见(jian)(jian)也(ye)。王巡守，而明见(jian)(jian)天之(zhi)子有周家也(ye)。以其有俊乂(yi)，用次(ci)第处位(wei)。言此者，著天其子爱之(zhi)，右序之(zhi)效也(ye)。

[疏]传“明矣”至“不疑”。
　　○正义曰：明之与昭，俱是见义，但以达见远事谓之为明，其昭者，大明之状，故云“明矣，知未然也。昭然，不疑”。言因此巡守，知天而今而后常爱周家，其事昭然不复为疑，与郑明见之义同，但分而言之耳。
　　○笺“明见”至“之效”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：“昭，见”，《释诂》文也(ye)。以毛意微申使易晓，故(gu)云“王巡守，而(er)明(ming)见天之子有周家(jia)”正(zheng)(zheng)以俊乂之人用，次第处位故(gu)也(ye)。此(ci)经二句覆上“佑(you)(you)序(xu)(xu)有周”，故(gu)云“言此(ci)者，著(zhu)天其子爱佑(you)(you)序(xu)(xu)之效验也(ye)”。

载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢，戢，聚。櫜，韬也。笺云：载之言则也。王巡守而天下咸服，兵不复用，此又著震叠之效也。
　　○戢，侧立反。櫜音羔(gao)。韬，吐刀反。复(fu)，扶(fu)又反。

[疏]传“戢，聚。櫜，韬”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：“戢(ji)，聚”，《释诂》文。櫜者(zhe)，弓衣，一名韬(tao)，故内弓於衣谓(wei)之韬(tao)弓。

我求懿德，肆于时夏。夏，大也。笺云：懿，美。肆，陈也。我武王求有美德之士而任用之，故陈其功，於是夏而歌之。乐歌大者称夏。
　　○肆音(yin)四。夏，户雅反。下(xia)注同。

允王保(bao)之(zhi)。笺(jian)云：允，信也。信哉，武王之(zhi)德，能长保(bao)此(ci)时夏之(zhi)美。

[疏]传“夏，大”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“懿美”至“称夏”。
　　○正义曰：“懿，美(mei)”，《释(shi)诂》文。肆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，张(zhang)设之(zhi)，言(yan)(yan)故为陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)求(qiu)，是(shi)(shi)自此求(qiu)彼之(zhi)辞，故知求(qiu)美(mei)德之(zhi)士而用之(zhi)。谓(wei)“式序在位”，是(shi)(shi)武王求(qiu)而得之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。以言(yan)(yan)陈(chen)之(zhi)於夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，故知夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为乐(le)(le)(le)名(ming)。又解名(ming)为夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)意(yi)，以夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大(da)也(ye)(ye)，乐(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)称夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)。《思(si)(si)文》笺云：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)属有九(jiu)(jiu)。”与此意(yi)相足。言(yan)(yan)山《周礼》有九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，知此夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为乐(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)。《春官·锺师》“凡乐(le)(le)(le)事，以锺鼓奏九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)：《王夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《肆夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《纳夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《章夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《齐夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《族夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《陔夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《骜(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”，注云：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，大(da)也(ye)(ye)。乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)大(da)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)有九(jiu)(jiu)，是(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。”彼注引吕叔玉云：“《肆夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁(fan)遏》、《渠》，皆(jie)《周颂(song)》也(ye)(ye)。《肆夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》，《时迈》也(ye)(ye)；《繁(fan)遏》，《执竞》也(ye)(ye)；《渠》，《思(si)(si)文》也(ye)(ye)。”玄谓(wei)以《文王》、《鹿鸣》言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)《九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)诗篇名(ming)，颂(song)之(zhi)族类(lei)也(ye)(ye)。此歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，载在乐(le)(le)(le)章，乐(le)(le)(le)崩亦(yi)从而亡，是(shi)(shi)以颂(song)不能具。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)郑以九(jiu)(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)别有乐(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)篇，非颂(song)也(ye)(ye)，但以歌(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)称夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)耳。

《时迈》一章(zhang)，十(shi)五(wu)句(ju)。

《执(zhi)(zhi)竞(jing)(jing)》，祀武王也。执(zhi)(zhi)竞(jing)(jing)，其(qi)敬反。执(zhi)(zhi)，持也。《韩诗》云(yun)：“执(zhi)(zhi)，服也。”

[疏]“《执竞》十四句”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《执竞》诗者，祀武王(wang)之(zhi)乐歌(ge)也。谓(wei)周公、成王(wang)之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，既致太(tai)平，祀於武王(wang)之(zhi)庙。时(shi)(shi)人(ren)以今得太(tai)平，由武王(wang)所致，故因其祀，述其功，而为此歌(ge)焉。经之(zhi)所陈，皆述武王(wang)生时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)功也。

执竞武王，无竞维烈。不显成康，上帝是皇。无竞，竞也。烈，业也。不显乎其成大功而安之也。显，光也。皇，美也。笺云：竞，强也。能持彊道者，维有武王耳。不强乎其克商之功业，言其强也。不显乎其成安祖考之道。言其又显也。天以是故美之。予之福禄。
　　○“大功(gong)”，本(ben)或(huo)作“天功(gong)”。

[疏]“执竞武王”。
　　○正义曰：言有能持强盛之道者，维武王耳。此武王岂为无强乎？维克商之功业，实为强也。岂不显乎？其成安祖考之道，实为显也。由其既强且显，上天以是之故，嘉美之以大福，又重述武王强显得福之事。武王用彼成安祖考之道，故得受命伐纣，同有天下四方之民，而斤斤然其为周家一代明察之君，是其显而得福也。又武王之祭宗庙也，作锺鼓之乐，其声和乐喤喤然；奏磬管之音，其声合集锵锵然。合於礼度，当於神明，故神下与之福众多而穰穰然，下与福丰大而简简然，於时助祭之人又威仪顺习反反然。其祭之末，此群臣等既醉於酒矣，既饱於德矣，於祭之事终始无违，故致福禄复来与之。言武王受此多福，故今得太平，是以述而歌之。
　　○传“无竞”至“皇美”。
　　○正义曰：无竞，反其言故为竞也。“烈，业。显，光。皇，美”，皆《释诂》文。又曰“康，安”，故云“成大功而安之”。大功，谓伐纣也。安之，谓安祖考也。武王祖考，其心冀成王业，王业未就，心皆不安。武王既伐纣，是成大功、安祖考，故云“成大功而安之”，其意与郑同。
　　○笺“竞强”至“福禄”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：“竞(jing)，强”，《释言》文。“时，是”，《释诂》文。武王(wang)大业(ye)在於(wu)伐纣，故知“维烈(lie)”是克商之(zhi)功(gong)业(ye)也(ye)。《下武》云，“三后在天，王(wang)配於(wu)京”，“永言孝思”，“应侯顺德”。故知成安(an)是成安(an)祖考(kao)之(zhi)道也(ye)。既强显之(zhi)，下乃言天美之(zhi)，与之(zhi)福禄(lu)，谓使(shi)之(zhi)胤嗣长远，享国不绝也(ye)。

自彼成康，奄有四方，斤斤其明。自彼成康，用彼成安之道也。奄，同也。斤斤，明察也。笺云：四方，谓天下也。武王用成安祖考之道，故受命伐纣，定天下，为周明察之君斤斤如也。
　　○斤，纪觐(jin)反。

[疏]传“自彼”至“明察”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：训自为用，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“用彼成安之(zhi)道”。“奄，同”，《释言》文。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“奄，盖也(ye)(ye)。”郑於《閟(bi)宫》、《玄鸟》笺皆以奄为覆。覆盖四方(fang)，同为己(ji)有，与传不异也(ye)(ye)。《释训》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)明(ming)(ming)、斤斤，察(cha)也(ye)(ye)。”此连“其明(ming)(ming)”，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)察(cha)。

钟鼓喤喤，磬筦将将，降福穰穰。降福简简，威仪反反。既醉既饱，福禄来反。喤喤，和也。将将，集也。穰穰，众也。简简，大也。反反，难也。反，复也。笺云：反反，顺习之貌。武王既定天下，祭祖考之庙，奏乐而八音克谐，神与之福又众大，谓如嘏辞也。群臣醉饱，礼无违者，以重得福禄也。
　　○喤，华彭反，徐音皇，又音宏。注(zhu)同。筦(guan)音管(guan)，本亦作“管(guan)”，同。将，七羊(yang)反。注(zhu)同。《说文》作“{将足}々”，行貌。穰，如(ru)羊(yang)反。反反如(ru)字，沈(shen)符(fu)板(ban)反，又音贩(fan)。复，扶(fu)又反，重(zhong)也，又音服。重(zhong)，直用反。

[疏]传“喤喤”至“反复”。
　　○正义曰：喤喤、将将，俱是声也，故言“和”与“集”。谓与诸声相和，与诸乐合集也。《释训》云：“喤喤，乐也。穰穰，福也。”舍人曰：“喤喤，钟鼓之乐也。穰穰，众多之福也。”某氏引此诗，明穰穰是福丰之貌也。“简简，大”，《释训》文。李巡曰：“简简，降福之大也。”笺以反反为顺习之貌。传言“反反，难”者，谓顺礼闲习，自重难也。《释言》云：“复，反也。”是反得为复。定本作“覆”。
　　○笺“武王”至“福禄”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：笺(jian)以文(wen)承(cheng)“奄(yan)有(you)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，降(jiang)福(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)武王既定天下，祭祖考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙也(ye)(ye)。《少牢(lao)》大夫嘏辞(ci)尚(shang)云：“受禄(lu)于(yu)天，宜稼于(yu)田。”天子嘏辞(ci)，致(zhi)福(fu)(fu)固(gu)宜众且大矣(yi)，故(gu)(gu)云“谓如嘏辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)”。《祭义(yi)》说祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，主人悫而趋，宾(bin)客(ke)则(ze)济济漆(qi)(qi)漆(qi)(qi)然，则(ze)“威仪反(fan)反(fan)”是(shi)(shi)即(ji)祭者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容也(ye)(ye)。“既醉(zui)既饱(bao)(bao)”，文(wen)在(zai)“反(fan)反(fan)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)谓群(qun)臣(chen)醉(zui)饱(bao)(bao)也(ye)(ye)。祭末旅(lv)酬(chou)，下及群(qun)臣(chen)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)醉(zui)饱(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。即(ji)《既醉(zui)》所云“醉(zui)酒饱(bao)(bao)德”，是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)时祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末节，人多倦而违礼，故(gu)(gu)美(mei)其礼无违者(zhe)，以重得福(fu)(fu)禄(lu)，即(ji)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“来(lai)反(fan)”也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)陈祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，止(zhi)应一降(jiang)福(fu)(fu)耳，但(dan)作者(zhe)於乐音和集之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，以言(yan)降(jiang)福(fu)(fu)；於群(qun)臣(chen)既醉(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，复言(yan)福(fu)(fu)禄(lu)，每(mei)於一事得礼，一言(yan)获福(fu)(fu)，欲(yu)见善不虚作，福(fu)(fu)必(bi)报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为节文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)福(fu)(fu)禄(lu)复来(lai)也(ye)(ye)。祭祀(si)宗庙，当有(you)酒食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔(zhuan)，此(ci)(ci)不言(yan)黍稷(ji)牲牢(lao)，唯云声乐者(zhe)，诗人意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所言(yan)，无义(yi)例也(ye)(ye)。

《执(zhi)竞》一章，十(shi)四句。

《思文》，后稷配天也(ye)。

[疏]“《思文》八句”。
　　○正义曰：《思(si)文(wen)》诗者(zhe)，后(hou)(hou)稷配(pei)(pei)天(tian)之(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。周(zhou)公既已制(zhi)礼，推后(hou)(hou)稷以配(pei)(pei)所感(gan)之(zhi)帝(di)，祭(ji)於(wu)南郊(jiao)。既已祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)，因述(shu)后(hou)(hou)稷之(zhi)德可(ke)以配(pei)(pei)天(tian)之(zhi)意，而为(wei)此歌焉。经皆陈后(hou)(hou)稷有德可(ke)以配(pei)(pei)天(tian)之(zhi)事(shi)。《国语》云：“周(zhou)文(wen)公之(zhi)为(wei)颂，曰：‘思(si)文(wen)后(hou)(hou)稷，克配(pei)(pei)彼天(tian)。’”是(shi)此篇(pian)周(zhou)公所自歌，与(yu)《时迈(mai)》同也(ye)。后(hou)(hou)稷之(zhi)配(pei)(pei)南郊(jiao)，与(yu)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)配(pei)(pei)明堂，其(qi)义一也(ye)。而此与(yu)《我将(jiang)》序不(bu)同者(zhe)，《我将(jiang)》主言(yan)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)飨其(qi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)，不(bu)说(shuo)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)可(ke)以配(pei)(pei)上帝(di)，故云“祀(si)(si)(si)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)於(wu)明堂”。此篇(pian)主说(shuo)后(hou)(hou)稷有德，可(ke)以配(pei)(pei)天(tian)，不(bu)说(shuo)后(hou)(hou)稷飨其(qi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)，故言(yan)“后(hou)(hou)稷配(pei)(pei)天(tian)”。由经文(wen)有异(yi)，故为(wei)序不(bu)同也(ye)。

思文后稷，克配彼天。立我烝民，莫匪尔极。极，中也。笺云：克，能也。立，当作“粒”。烝，众也。周公思先祖有文德者，后稷之功能配天。昔尧遭洪水，黎民阻饥，后稷播殖百穀，烝民乃粒，万邦作乂，天下之人无不於女时得其中者。言反其性。
　　○烝，之丞反(fan)。粒音(yin)立(li)。阻，庄吕反(fan)，难(nan)也(ye)。马融(rong)注《尚书》作(zuo)(zuo)“祖”，云：“始也(ye)。”艾音(yin)刈，郑注《尚书》五盖反(fan)，本或作(zuo)(zuo)反(fan)，音(yin)同。

[疏]“思文后稷”。
　　○毛以为，周公自言我思先祖之有文德者，后稷也。此后稷有大功德，堪能配彼上天。昔尧遭洪水，后稷播殖百穀，存立我天下众民之命，使众民无不於尔后稷得其中正。言民赖后稷复其常性。是后稷有大功矣。由后稷有穀养民之故，天乃遗我武王以所来之牟麦。正以牟麦遗我者，帝意所命，用此后稷养天下之物，表记后稷之功，欲广其子孙之国，使无疆境於汝今之经界。言於此今之经界，其内不立封彊，是命大有天下，牢笼九服也。以是之故，陈其久常之功，於是夏乐而歌之。言后稷功为常久，永在歌乐，故所以配天共食也。
　　○郑唯以立为粒、率为循，其文义大同。
　　○传“极，中”。
　　○正义曰：北极以居天之中，故谓之极，是为中之义也。传不解立，但毛无破字之理，必其不与郑同，宜为存立众民也。
　　○笺“克能”至“其性”。
　　○正义曰：“克，能”，《释言(yan)》文。此(ci)“立我烝民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”，与(yu)《尚书(shu)》“烝民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)乃(nai)粒”，事(shi)义正同，故(gu)(gu)(gu)破(po)立从(cong)粒。“烝，众”，《释诂》文。《孝经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔者(zhe)，周(zhou)公(gong)郊祀后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以配(pei)天。”是后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)天，周(zhou)公(gong)为之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)诗(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)所作，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)公(gong)思(si)先祖有(you)(you)文德者(zhe)，后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)此(ci)文德，故(gu)(gu)(gu)周(zhou)公(gong)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)谓遍思(si)先祖，后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)独有(you)(you)文德也(ye)(ye)”。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝曰：‘咨，四岳，汤(tang)汤(tang)洪(hong)水方割。’”是尧遭洪(hong)水也(ye)(ye)。又《舜典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝曰：‘弃，黎(li)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)俎(zu)饥(ji)(ji)。汝后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)播时(shi)百(bai)穀。’”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“俎(zu)读曰阻(zu)。阻(zu)，厄也(ye)(ye)。时(shi)读曰莳(shi)，始者(zhe)，洪(hong)水时(shi)，众民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)厄於饥(ji)(ji)，汝居稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)官，种莳(shi)百(bai)穀，以救活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)。”是黎(li)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)阻(zu)饥(ji)(ji)，后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)播殖百(bai)穀也(ye)(ye)。《益稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹曰：‘予暨稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)播，奏庶艰食(shi)鲜(xian)食(shi)，烝民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)乃(nai)粒，万(wan)(wan)邦(bang)作乂(yi)(yi)。’”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹复(fu)与(yu)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)教民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)种。”泽物菜蔬，难厄之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)，授以水之(zhi)(zhi)众。鲜(xian)食(shi)，谓鱼鳖也(ye)(ye)。粒，米也(ye)(ye)。乂(yi)(yi)，养(yang)也(ye)(ye)。众民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)乃(nai)复(fu)粒食(shi)，万(wan)(wan)国作相养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)礼，是“烝民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)乃(nai)粒，万(wan)(wan)邦(bang)作乂(yi)(yi)”也(ye)(ye)。

贻我来牟，帝命率育。无此疆尔界，陈常于时夏。牟，麦。率，用也。笺云：贻，遗。率，循。育，养也。武王渡孟津，白鱼跃入于舟，出涘以燎。后五日，火流为乌，五至，以穀俱来。此谓遗我来牟，天命以是循存后稷养天下之功，而广大其子孙之国，无此封竟於女今之经界，乃大有天下也。用是故，陈其久常之功，於是夏而歌之。夏之属有九。《书》说乌以穀俱来，云穀纪后稷之德。
　　○贻音(yin)夷，字(zi)(zi)又作“诒(yi)”，同。牟(mou)并如(ru)字(zi)(zi)，字(zi)(zi)书作“麰(mou)”，音(yin)同。牟(mou)字(zi)(zi)或作“{敄麦(mai)(mai)}”。《孟(meng)子》云：“{敄麦(mai)(mai)}，大(da)麦(mai)(mai)也。”《广雅》云：“麳，小麦(mai)(mai)。麰(mou)，大(da)麦(mai)(mai)也。”疆，居(ju)良(liang)反(fan)(fan)，竟也。介音(yin)界，大(da)也。后放此(ci)。夏，户(hu)雅反(fan)(fan)。注同。遗(yi)，唯(wei)季反(fan)(fan)。下(xia)同。涘(si)音(yin)仕。燎，力召反(fan)(fan)。竟音(yin)境(jing)，本或作“境(jing)”。

[疏]传“牟，麦。率，用”。
　　○正义曰：《孟子》云：“麰麦播种而耰之。”赵岐注云：“麰麦，大麦也。”《说文》云：“来，周受来牟也。一麦二廪夆，象其芒刺之形，天所来也。”《释诂》云：“率、由，自也。”由、自俱训为用，故率为用也。
　　○笺“贻遗”至“之德”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：“贻，遗”，《释言(yan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。“率(lv)(lv)，循(xun)。育，养(yang)”，《释诂》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)渡孟津(jin)”至(zhi)(zhi)“以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)俱(ju)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”，皆《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。《大(da)誓(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“惟四(si)月，太(tai)子发上(shang)祭於(wu)(wu)毕，下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)孟津(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孟津(jin)，地名。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)子发升舟中流(liu)，白(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)入(ru)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)舟。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)跪取，出涘以(yi)(yi)燎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“白(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)入(ru)舟，天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)也(ye)(ye)。鱼(yu)(yu)无(wu)(wu)手足，象(xiang)纣无(wu)(wu)助(zhu)。白(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，殷正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)意(yi)(yi)若曰(yue)，以(yi)(yi)殷予(yu)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，当(dang)(dang)待无(wu)(wu)助(zhu)。今尚(shang)仁人在(zai)位(wei)，未可伐也(ye)(ye)。得白(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)，即变(bian)(bian)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)应天(tian)(tian)命(ming)定号也(ye)(ye)。涘，涯(ya)也(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出於(wu)(wu)岸(an)上(shang)，燔鱼(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)祭，变(bian)(bian)礼也(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)五(wu)日，有(you)(you)(you)(you)火自上(shang)复於(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)屋(wu)，流(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)雕，其(qi)(qi)色赤(chi)(chi)，其(qi)(qi)声魄。五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)俱(ju)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)日，燎后(hou)(hou)(hou)日数。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)屋(wu)，所(suo)在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍上(shang)。流(liu)犹变(bian)(bian)也(ye)(ye)。雕当(dang)(dang)为(wei)鸦，鸦，乌也(ye)(ye)。燎后(hou)(hou)(hou)五(wu)日，而有(you)(you)(you)(you)火为(wei)乌。天(tian)(tian)报(bao)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)瑞(rui)。”《书(shu)(shu)说(shuo)》曰(yue)：“乌有(you)(you)(you)(you)孝(xiao)名，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)卒父业，故乌瑞(rui)臻。赤(chi)(chi)，周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)。穀(gu)，记后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。”又(you)《礼说(shuo)》曰(yue)：“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)赤(chi)(chi)乌穀(gu)芒，应周(zhou)(zhou)尚(shang)赤(chi)(chi)用兵。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)曰(yue)为(wei)牟。天(tian)(tian)意(yi)(yi)若曰(yue)：须(xu)暇纣五(wu)年(nian)，乃(nai)可诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即位(wei)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巳(si)三年(nian)矣(yi)。穀(gu)，盖牟麦(mai)也(ye)(ye)。诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘贻我(wo)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟’。”是(shi)(shi)郑所(suo)据之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)自后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，得穀(gu)瑞(rui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)俱(ju)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)“来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟”，彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穀(gu)至(zhi)(zhi)”，彼(bi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)交(jiao)相证明，其(qi)(qi)事同也(ye)(ye)。《太(tai)誓(shi)》止云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)白(bai)鱼(yu)(yu)，不言(yan)鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小。《中候·合符后(hou)(hou)(hou)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鱼(yu)(yu)长三尺，赤(chi)(chi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)字(zi)题之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目下(xia)(xia)(xia)授右(you)(you)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“右(you)(you)，助(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)告以(yi)(yi)伐纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)助(zhu)。”然则目下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)授右(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)。而彼(bi)“授右(you)(you)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，犹有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)百(bai)二(er)十馀字(zi)，乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)维退写成以(yi)(yi)世(shi)字(zi)，鱼(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)消”。盖其(qi)(qi)鳞甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)字(zi)，非(fei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)下(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)能容。直言(yan)出涘以(yi)(yi)燎，不言(yan)回舟，盖在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)岸(an)燎也(ye)(ye)。《太(tai)誓(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注不解五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)，而“合符”后(hou)(hou)(hou)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)，犹五(wu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)。”不知(zhi)为(wei)一(yi)日五(wu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)，为(wei)当(dang)(dang)异日也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)”，则第五(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，乃(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)穀(gu)耳。彼(bi)穀(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)牟，理当(dang)(dang)为(wei)一(yi)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓遗我(wo)来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)牟”也(ye)(ye)。又(you)解“帝命(ming)率(lv)(lv)育”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。天(tian)(tian)命(ming)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，正(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)牟麦(mai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，循(xun)而存(cun)记此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)养(yang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。言(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)养(yang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，故命(ming)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)存(cun)记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)，是(shi)(shi)欲(yu)广大(da)其(qi)(qi)子孙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国也(ye)(ye)。无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)封(feng)境於(wu)(wu)汝今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)界者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)经(jing)界已广大(da)万里，於(wu)(wu)汝此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内使无(wu)(wu)封(feng)疆，是(shi)(shi)乃(nai)大(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)疆尔介”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周(zhou)(zhou)公自据当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)称(cheng)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)”，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尔自汝当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)境”也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与《时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迈》皆周(zhou)(zhou)公所(suo)作(zuo)，俱(ju)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)”，则以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)大(da)功，故於(wu)(wu)乐(le)为(wei)大(da)歌也(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)九，即《锺(zhong)师》“九夏(xia)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《书(shu)(shu)说(shuo)》“乌以(yi)(yi)穀(gu)具来(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)”，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穀(gu)以(yi)(yi)记后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)旋机(ji)钤》及《合符后(hou)(hou)(hou)》皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“稷(ji)(ji)好农稼，今乌衔穀(gu)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”

《思文》一章，八(ba)句。

《清(qing)庙之什(shen)》十(shi)篇，十(shi)章，九十(shi)五句。 　

◎臣工(gong)之什诂训传第二十七

《臣工》，诸侯助祭遣於庙也(ye)。

[疏]“《臣工》十五句”。
　　○正义曰：《臣(chen)工(gong)》诗者，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)遣(qian)(qian)(qian)於庙之(zhi)(zhi)乐歌也。谓周公、成王之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以礼(li)春朝(chao)，因(yin)助(zhu)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)。事毕(bi)(bi)将(jiang)归，天子(zi)戒敕(chi)(chi)而遣(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)於庙。诗人述(shu)(shu)其(qi)事而作此(ci)(ci)歌焉。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)来朝(chao)，行朝(chao)享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)已终，天子(zi)飨食燕赐之(zhi)(zhi)事又毕(bi)(bi)，唯待祭(ji)(ji)讫(qi)而去(qu)，故(gu)於祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，因(yin)在庙中(zhong)遣(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)。经(jing)陈戒诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，使助(zhu)其(qi)公事。又戒车右，令及(ji)时(shi)劝农。天子(zi)宾(bin)敬诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，不(bu)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)身，戒其(qi)臣(chen)，亦所(suo)以戒诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，是其(qi)遣(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)事也。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)，是下土诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)自外来也。《振鹭》、《有(you)客(ke)》序(xu)皆云“来”；此(ci)(ci)与《烈文》不(bu)言(yan)来者，《振鹭》、《有(you)客(ke)》经(jing)言(yan)“有(you)客(ke)戾止”，主陈其(qi)来之(zhi)(zhi)意，故(gu)序(xu)言(yan)“来助(zhu)”、“来见(jian)”；此(ci)(ci)与《烈文》王告戒之(zhi)(zhi)以事，不(bu)说(shuo)其(qi)来，但因(yin)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)而戒之(zhi)(zhi)，当(dang)言(yan)其(qi)助(zhu)而已，不(bu)须言(yan)来也。《载(zai)见(jian)》述(shu)(shu)其(qi)始(shi)见(jian)，故(gu)序(xu)亦指言(yan)始(shi)见(jian)，不(bu)言(yan)其(qi)来。

嗟嗟臣工，敬尔在公。王釐尔成，来咨来茹。嗟嗟，敕之也。工，官也。公，君也。笺云：臣，谓诸侯也。釐，理。咨，谋。茹，度也。诸侯来朝天子，有不纯臣之义，於其将归，故於庙中正君臣之礼，敕其诸官卿大夫云：敬女在君之事，王乃平理女之成功。女有事，当来谋之、来度之於王之朝，无自专。
　　○釐，力之反(fan)。茹，如预反(fan)，徐(xu)音如。度，待(dai)洛反(fan)。下同。朝，直遥(yao)反(fan)。下皆同。

[疏]“嗟嗟臣工”。
　　○正义曰：此周公、成王於祭之末，将遣诸侯，不直戒其身，为其太斥，故戒其卿大夫及车右以警切之。将戒，先嗟而又嗟，重叹以呼之曰：我臣之下诸官，谓诸侯之卿大夫也。汝等皆当敬慎於汝在君之职事。汝能如此，则我王家当平理汝之成功，知其勤惰，亦不忘汝劳。汝若有大事赏罚，当来咨谋计度於我王之庙，无得自专。欲使诸侯闻之，亦敬其事而不自专也。又敕其车右以农事，亦嗟而又嗟，重叹而呼之曰：尔从君之保介，谓车右，衣甲之人也，今巳是维暮之春矣，汝若归国，亦有何所求施於民乎？维汝如何於民之新田畬田。言汝当奈此民之新田畬田何，欲其劝民耕之也。所以令汝劝民耕田者何？於乎美哉，本赤乌所与俱来之牟麦，以瑞我周家，大受其光明，谓得此牟麦之瑞，而为天下所休庆也。此光明之事，乃见於上帝，言为上帝所闻知也。至今用以此瑞之故，常有乐岁，遂时和年丰，耕则必获。是田不可舍，汝可命我众民，令之具汝所用钱镈之田器，勤力以事农亩，终久必多铚刈。宜以此告劝下民，使勤於田事。
　　○传“嗟嗟”至“公君”。
　　○正义曰：嗟嗟，叹声。将敕而嗟叹，故云“嗟嗟，敕之”，非训为敕也。《皋陶谟》曰：“百工惟时。天工人其代之。”皆谓官也，故以工为官。“公，君”，《释诂》文。
　　○笺“臣”至“自专”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰：此(ci)遣诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌。敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)，使(shi)敬(jing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“允釐”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理(li)也(ye)。“咨，谋”，《释诂》文(wen)(wen)。“茹，度(du)”，《释言》文(wen)(wen)。又解所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)归，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。明(ming)(ming)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，其(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心则(ze)当纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，恐彼(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常(chang)，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。既正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)礼(li)(li)(li)，而君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)分定(ding)，因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)义(yi)(yi)。见(jian)事(shi)当上(shang)逸下劳(lao)，故(gu)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)下诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)而警切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敬(jing)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事(shi)，有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)来(lai)谋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)。虽呼(hu)其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)而戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，实亦戒(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身也(ye)。言诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《秋官(guan)·大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)》“掌大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，要服(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)内(nei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客(ke)，谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)孤卿。”然则(ze)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)，敌主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)。《异义(yi)(yi)》：“《公羊》说(shuo)‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)’。《左氏》说(shuo)‘诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蕃(fan)卫纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)’。谨案：《礼(li)(li)(li)》，王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)彼(bi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，皆非(fei)巳(si)德所及(ji)。《易》曰：‘利建侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。’侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)，王(wang)(wang)所亲建，纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)。玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻(wen)也(ye)，宾(bin)(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)，敌主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)，而《礼(li)(li)(li)》，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)矣。”唯郑据(ju)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，则(ze)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)对(dui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与(yu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)，飨(xiang)燕则(ze)使(shi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)燕其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，使(shi)宰夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)献(xian)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)对(dui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蕃(fan)国(guo)，世一见(jian)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小宾(bin)(bin)(bin)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小客(ke)。”《小行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“几四方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)客(ke)则(ze)摈，小客(ke)则(ze)受(shou)其(qi)(qi)币(bi)，听(ting)其(qi)(qi)辞(ci)。见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷(yi)狄，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)亦称(cheng)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客(ke)，则(ze)四夷(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)。此(ci)则(ze)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)耳(er)。若(ruo)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，皆纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)矣。”《北山》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“率土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滨，莫(mo)非(fei)王(wang)(wang)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”《皋陶谟》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“万邦(bang)黎献(xian)，共惟帝臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”是(shi)彼(bi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)皆纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)。《书传》：“周公谓(wei)(wei)越常(chang)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)译曰：‘德泽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)焉(yan)，则(ze)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)享其(qi)(qi)质。政令不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)施焉(yan)，则(ze)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。’”明(ming)(ming)政令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所及(ji)，尽为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，故(gu)此(ci)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)。何知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)工(gong)？君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)并(bing)(bing)敕(chi)(chi)，而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)独(du)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下敕(chi)(chi)保介(jie)(jie)，其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)连，是(shi)独(du)敕(chi)(chi)保介(jie)(jie)，则(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)亦独(du)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。且君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)礼(li)(li)(li)绝(jue)，尊卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒(jie)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，当正(zheng)(zheng)尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可使(shi)人(ren)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)并(bing)(bing)受(shou)其(qi)(qi)命，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敕(chi)(chi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，必有卿与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)介(jie)(jie)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“敕(chi)(chi)其(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)官(guan)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”也(ye)。《秋官(guan)·司仪(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公相(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。及(ji)将币(bi)，每门止一相(xiang)(xiang)。及(ji)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，唯上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)入。”则(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，亦应唯上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)入庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)耳(er)。此(ci)得(de)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)及(ji)车(che)右俱(ju)在庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中受(shou)敕(chi)(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)谓(wei)(wei)将币(bi)飨(xiang)食(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，唯上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)入耳(er)。此(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)将归，遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，是(shi)召(zhao)入而戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)致币(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)。敬(jing)汝(ru)在君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，王(wang)(wang)乃平理(li)汝(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成功(gong)，谓(wei)(wei)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong)，则(ze)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)服(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宠章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)《左传》宣十六(liu)年(nian)，晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)请於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黻冕命士会将中军；襄(xiang)十九年(nian)，郑公孙虿(chai)卒，范宣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)言诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)伐秦，晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)请於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，王(wang)(wang)追赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)。是(shi)有功(gong)，王(wang)(wang)平理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。言来(lai)谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)在庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)敕(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而言来(lai)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)来(lai)谋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)。且古者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)谋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中。《访(fang)落》序云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“嗣王(wang)(wang)谋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。”《国(guo)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廊庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中原。”是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)必谋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)。定(ding)本、《集注(zhu)》朝(chao)(chao)(chao)字作“庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)。

嗟嗟保介，维莫之春。亦又何求？如何新畬。田二岁曰新，三岁曰畬。笺云：保介，车右也。《月令》“孟春，天子亲载耒耜，措之於参保介之御间”。莫，晚也。周之季春，於夏为孟春。诸侯朝周之春，故晚春遣之。敕其车右以时事，女归，当何求於民？将如新田、畬田何急？其教农趋时也。介，甲也。车右，勇力之士，被甲执兵也。
　　○莫音(yin)暮，本或(huo)作“暮”。注同(tong)。畬音(yin)馀(yu)。耒，力对反(fan)。耜音(yin)似。措，七(qi)故反(fan)。夏，户雅反(fan)。被，皮寄反(fan)。

[疏]笺“保介”至“执兵”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰：此所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敕人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，故(gu)(gu)即引《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。尽“保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)间(jian)(jian)”，皆(jie)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》文。彼说(shuo)天(tian)子(zi)耕(geng)(geng)籍田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。天(tian)子(zi)亲载耒(lei)(lei)耜，措置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)参乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)御(yu)者(zhe)二人(ren)(ren)间(jian)(jian)。君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)上，止有御(yu)者(zhe)与(yu)车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二人(ren)(ren)而已，今言(yan)(yan)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)与(yu)御(yu)，明(ming)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)即车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，证保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又明(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)农(nong)(nong)事(shi)敕车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)耕(geng)(geng)籍劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)，则(ze)此人(ren)(ren)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)车(che)(che)，而置田(tian)器於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)间(jian)(jian)，常见劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)敕御(yu)人(ren)(ren)，偏敕车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)人(ren)(ren)本主於(wu)(wu)御(yu)车(che)(che)，不(bu)主辅君，故(gu)(gu)专敕车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)卫君车(che)(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)间(jian)(jian)”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)君左载，御(yu)在(zai)中央，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)远君措之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)系於(wu)(wu)车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。因御(yu)字单言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便文。耒(lei)(lei)耜不(bu)近君，而置御(yu)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)(jian)者(zhe)，彼注云(yun)(yun)“明(ming)己劝(quan)人(ren)(ren)，非(fei)农(nong)(nong)人(ren)(ren)”故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。暮晚(wan)者(zhe)，古暮字作莫，《说(shuo)文》云(yun)(yun)：“日在(zai)音莽中为(wei)(wei)莫。”是(shi)(shi)晚(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)有三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，季(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)晚(wan)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)晚(wan)春(chun)(chun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知非(fei)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)春(chun)(chun)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》季(ji)(ji)冬命民修耒(lei)(lei)耜，具田(tian)器。农(nong)(nong)书(shu)称(cheng)孟春(chun)(chun)耕(geng)(geng)者(zhe)急(ji)发，不(bu)得於(wu)(wu)建辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)方始劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)，故(gu)(gu)知是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟春(chun)(chun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且此诸(zhu)侯(hou)来朝(chao)(chao)(chao)而遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季(ji)(ji)春(chun)(chun)，非(fei)复朝(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)(chun)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)此为(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)，《明(ming)堂位》云(yun)(yun)：“季(ji)(ji)夏(xia)(xia)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)礼记周公於(wu)(wu)太庙(miao)。”《杂记》云(yun)(yun)：“七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而禘(di)，献子(zi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)，讥用(yong)(yong)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)祭用(yong)(yong)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)矣。故(gu)(gu)《王(wang)制(zhi)》注云(yun)(yun)：“祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首时(shi)(shi)，荐(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”诸(zhu)侯(hou)时(shi)(shi)祭用(yong)(yong)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。《王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)侯(hou)礿则(ze)不(bu)禘(di)，禘(di)则(ze)不(bu)尝，尝则(ze)不(bu)烝，烝则(ze)不(bu)礿。”注云(yun)(yun)：“虞夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)岁(sui)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。废一时(shi)(shi)祭，明(ming)是(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)祭同(tong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)废之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《明(ming)堂位》云(yun)(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)礿，秋(qiu)尝，冬烝，天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。”独(du)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)春(chun)(chun)祀，得不(bu)为(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)而阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？故(gu)(gu)彼注云(yun)(yun)：“鲁(lu)在(zai)东方，朝(chao)(chao)(chao)必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)，或阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此而言(yan)(yan)，明(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)孟月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)可(ke)知。由孟春(chun)(chun)耕(geng)(geng)期既逼，故(gu)(gu)敕其(qi)(qi)车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)事(shi)，即耕(geng)(geng)田(tian)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。汝归当何求於(wu)(wu)民？言(yan)(yan)无所可(ke)求於(wu)(wu)民，唯求其(qi)(qi)勤(qin)力(li)於(wu)(wu)农(nong)(nong)耳。如新田(tian)、畬田(tian)何？如犹(you)奈何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。当奈此田(tian)何？王(wang)意(yi)急(ji)其(qi)(qi)教农(nong)(nong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)趋时(shi)(shi)，恐时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晚(wan)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。更(geng)解谓车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，甲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。车(che)(che)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，勇(yong)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)，被甲执兵(bing)，故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》注云(yun)(yun)：“保(bao)(bao)犹(you)衣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”勇(yong)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)，衣甲执兵(bing)。此云(yun)(yun)“被”，彼云(yun)(yun)“衣”，皆(jie)保(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。

於皇来牟，将受厥明。明昭上帝，迄用康年。康，乐也。笺云：将，大。迄，至也。於美乎，赤乌以牟麦俱来，故我周家大受其光明。谓为珍瑞，天下所休庆也。此瑞乃明见於天，至今用之，有乐岁，五穀丰熟。
　　○於音(yin)乌。注同。迄(qi)，许乞反。乐(le)音(yin)洛。下同。见，贤(xian)遍反。

[疏]传“康，乐”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“将大”至“丰熟”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：“将，大。迄，至(zhi)”，《释诂》文。於(wu)者，叹辞。皇训(xun)为(wei)美(mei)。於(wu)美(mei)乎，叹其受麦(mai)(mai)(mai)瑞(rui)(rui)而(er)得丰年也(ye)(ye)。大受其光明，谓为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下所(suo)(suo)休庆者，由受天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瑞(rui)(rui)而(er)人(ren)(ren)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)，是其为(wei)所(suo)(suo)美(mei)庆也(ye)(ye)。此瑞(rui)(rui)乃明见(jian)(jian)於(wu)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，言既为(wei)人(ren)(ren)知，又为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)知，美(mei)其瑞(rui)(rui)之(zhi)(zhi)著也(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)知谓天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)知谓今之(zhi)(zhi)丰熟(shu)。此瑞(rui)(rui)本自天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)来(lai)，而(er)云见(jian)(jian)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者，见(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)相因，以为(wei)人(ren)(ren)见(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瑞(rui)(rui)而(er)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)见(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)归(gui)而(er)降福，美(mei)此周(zhou)德，赐之(zhi)(zhi)丰年。至(zhi)今用之(zhi)(zhi)，常(chang)有乐岁，正(zheng)谓五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)丰熟(shu)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)者，五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)。《月令》：“春食(shi)麦(mai)(mai)(mai)，夏食(shi)菽(shu)，季夏食(shi)稷(ji)(ji)，秋食(shi)麻，冬食(shi)黍(shu)。”《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)官·疾(ji)医(yi)》：“以五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)养其病。”注(zhu)云：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)：麻、黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)、麦(mai)(mai)(mai)、豆也(ye)(ye)。”是郑(zheng)以五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)穀(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《夏官·职(zhi)方(fang)氏(shi)》：“豫州(zhou)其穀(gu)(gu)宜(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)种(zhong)。”注(zhu)云：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)种(zhong)：黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)、菽(shu)、麦(mai)(mai)(mai)、稻(dao)。”不以五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)穀(gu)(gu)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)种(zhong)者，以《职(zhi)方(fang)》辨九州(zhou)土地(di)生殖之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)，每州(zhou)不同，非五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)常(chang)穀(gu)(gu)。豫州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)界(jie)，东接(jie)(jie)青州(zhou)，宜(yi)稻(dao)、麦(mai)(mai)(mai)；西接(jie)(jie)雍州(zhou)，宜(yi)黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)。明豫州(zhou)宜(yi)黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)、稻(dao)、麦(mai)(mai)(mai)也(ye)(ye)。菽(shu)则土地(di)多生，人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)常(chang)种(zhong)，明通菽(shu)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。《职(zhi)方(fang)》又云，“幽州(zhou)宜(yi)三种(zhong)”，注(zhu)云：“黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)、稻(dao)。”“兖州(zhou)宜(yi)四(si)种(zhong)”，注(zhu)云：“黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)、稻(dao)、麦(mai)(mai)(mai)。”皆准约所(suo)(suo)与连接(jie)(jie)者言之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

命我众人，庤乃钱镈，奄观铚艾。庤，具。钱，銚。镈，鎒。铚，获也。笺云：奄，久。观，多也。教我庶民，具女田器，终久必多铚艾，劝之也。
　　○庤，持耻反(fan)(fan)。钱，子(zi)践反(fan)(fan)。镈音(yin)博。奄，郑音(yin)淹，王、徐并如(ru)字(zi)。观，古(gu)玩反(fan)(fan)，又如(ru)字(zi)。注(zhu)同(tong)。铚，珍栗反(fan)(fan)。艾音(yin)刈。銚，七遥反(fan)(fan)，何士(shi)尧反(fan)(fan)，沈(shen)音(yin)遥。《世本(ben)》云(yun)：“垂作(zuo)銚。”鎒，乃豆反(fan)(fan)，或(huo)作(zuo)耨(nou)。《吕(lv)氏春秋》云(yun)：“耨(nou)柄尺，此(ci)其(qi)度也。其(qi)耨(nou)六(liu)寸(cun)，以(yi)间稼也。”高诱注(zhu)云(yun)：“耨(nou)，所以(yi)芸田也。六(liu)寸(cun)所以(yi)入苗间也。”《字(zi)诂》云(yun)：长六(liu)寸(cun)，柄长一尺。”鎒，古(gu)字(zi)也，今(jin)作(zuo)“耨(nou)”，同(tong)。获(huo)(huo)，户郭反(fan)(fan)，本(ben)或(huo)作(zuo)“镬”，音(yin)同(tong)。《释名》云(yun)：“铚，获(huo)(huo)铁也。”《说文》云(yun)：“铚，获(huo)(huo)禾短镰也。”此(ci)则(ze)铚器可以(yi)获(huo)(huo)禾，故云(yun)“铚，获(huo)(huo)也”。《小尔雅(ya)》云(yun)：“截颖(ying)谓(wei)之铚。”截颖(ying)即获(huo)(huo)也。

[疏]传“庤具”至“铚获”。正义曰：“庤，具”，《释诂》文。《说文》云：“钱，銚，古田器。”《世本》云：“垂作銚。”宋仲子注云：“銚，刈也。”然则銚，刈物之器也。《说文》云：“镈，田器也。”《释名》云：“镈，锄类也。镈，迫地去草。”《世本》云：“垂作耨。”《释器》云：“斪劚谓之定。”李巡曰：“锄也。”郭璞曰：“锄属。”《广雅》云：“定谓之耨。”《吕氏春秋》云：“耨柄尺，此其度也。其耨六寸，所以间稼也。”高诱注云：“耨芸苗也，六寸所以入苗间。”此云镈、耨当是一器，但诸文或以为耨即锄，或云锄类。古器变易，未能审之。《释名》云：“铚，获禾铁也。”《说文》曰：“铚，获禾短镰也。”然则铚器可以获禾，故云“铚，获也”。《管子》云：“一农之事，必有一铚一耨一銚然后成农。”是三者皆田器。
　　○笺“奄，久。观，多”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。彼奄(yan)(yan)作(zuo)“淹”。盖(gai)郑(zheng)读《尔(er)雅》以淹为奄(yan)(yan)故也。王肃云：“奄(yan)(yan)，同也。”毛於(wu)《执竞》之传以奄(yan)(yan)为同，言同多铚(zhi)刈，但无(wu)传可据，故同之郑(zheng)焉(yan)。

《臣(chen)工》一(yi)章，十五句。

《噫嘻》，春夏祈穀于上帝也。祈，犹祷也，求也。《月令》“孟春祈穀于上帝，夏则龙见而雩”是与？
　　○意(yi)嘻，意(yi)又作“噫”，同於其(qi)反。噫音(yin)禧。祷，丁老反，又丁报反。见，贤遍反。雩音(yin)于。与音(yin)馀。

[疏]“《噫嘻》八句”。
　　○正义曰：《噫嘻》诗者，春夏祈穀於上帝之乐歌也。谓周公、成王之时，春郊夏雩，以祷求膏雨而成其穀实，为此祭於上帝。诗人述其事而作此歌焉。经陈播种耕田之事，是重穀为之祈祷，戒民使勤农业，故作者因其祷祭而述其农事。
　　○笺“祈犹”至“是与”。
　　○正义曰：《春(chun)(chun)官·太祝》“掌六祈(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)福祥(xiang)，求永贞”。知祈(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷求，谓(wei)祷请求天(tian)(tian)降雨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)帝(di)”，及《左(zuo)传》“夏(xia)则龙(long)(long)星见而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)”，此(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)与(yu)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)同，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)求雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“龙(long)(long)星见而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)”，桓五(wu)(wu)年《左(zuo)传》有其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)言(yan)《左(zuo)传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》事(shi)(shi)在孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)，其(qi)(qi)时(shi)月(yue)(yue)分明，故(gu)(gu)显(xian)言(yan)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》。《左(zuo)传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)龙(long)(long)见，则时(shi)月(yue)(yue)不(bu)明，引(yin)取其(qi)(qi)意。言(yan)“夏(xia)”则非(fei)彼成文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)云(yun)《左(zuo)传》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若不(bu)审之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，亦所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)足句也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必知雩(yu)(yu)祭(ji)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“仲(zhong)夏(xia)，大雩(yu)(yu)帝(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”，实是(shi)(shi)(shi)雩(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明文(wen)(wen)(wen)，但(dan)雩(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)龙(long)(long)见为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，当(dang)在孟(meng)(meng)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)错(cuo)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)夏(xia)，失正雩(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《左(zuo)传》称“凡祀(si)(si)(si)，启(qi)蛰(zhe)而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，龙(long)(long)见而(er)(er)雩(yu)(yu)”。郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、雩(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)连，事(shi)(shi)正当(dang)此(ci)(ci)，不(bu)并引(yin)《左(zuo)传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传无祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》、《左(zuo)传》各取其(qi)(qi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲》云(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大报(bao)(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)主日。”《书传》曰：“祀(si)(si)(si)上(shang)帝(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)德。”然(ran)则郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)云(yun)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人非(fei)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福不(bu)生，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)已(yi)往，又(you)(you)祈(qi)(qi)其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)来，故(gu)(gu)祈(qi)(qi)、报(bao)(bao)(bao)两言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，至尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，善恶莫不(bu)由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)祭(ji)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)报(bao)(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。襄(xiang)七年《左(zuo)传》曰：“夫(fu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)(si)后(hou)稷(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)(qi)农事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)启(qi)蛰(zhe)而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)后(hou)耕(geng)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《孝(xiao)经(jing)》云(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)(si)后(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)，宗祀(si)(si)(si)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明堂(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)。”止言(yan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)，不(bu)言(yan)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑《箴膏盲》云(yun)：“《孝(xiao)经(jing)》主说周(zhou)公孝(xiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)必配(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，本不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祈(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)出，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)不(bu)备。”《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)元日，祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)帝(di)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)即郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)乃“择(ze)元辰(chen)，天(tian)(tian)子亲载耒(lei)耜，躬耕(geng)帝(di)籍”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)后(hou)耕(geng)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，献子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，合(he)是(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《礼(li)(li)(li)记·大传》注云(yun)：“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先祖，皆感(gan)太微五(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生。苍则灵威仰，皆用(yong)正岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正月(yue)(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，盖特尊焉。《孝(xiao)经(jing)》曰：‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)(si)后(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)’，配(pei)(pei)(pei)灵威仰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则夏(xia)正郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)，祭(ji)所(suo)(suo)(suo)感(gan)一(yi)帝(di)而(er)(er)已(yi)。《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》注云(yun)：“雩(yu)(yu)祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)。”则雩(yu)(yu)祭(ji)总祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)矣。郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雩(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)，其(qi)(qi)神(shen)不(bu)同。此(ci)(ci)序(xu)并云(yun)“祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)于上(shang)帝(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)亦五(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，同有五(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故(gu)(gu)一(yi)名上(shang)帝(di)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》“孟(meng)(meng)春(chun)(chun)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)帝(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，注云(yun)：“上(shang)帝(di)大微五(wu)(wu)帝(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦谓(wei)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)大微之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，不(bu)言(yan)祈(qi)(qi)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，总祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)官·典瑞》云(yun)：“四圭有邸，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)旅上(shang)帝(di)。”注云(yun)：“祀(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)，夏(xia)正郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)帝(di)，五(wu)(wu)帝(di)。”所(suo)(suo)(suo)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦五(wu)(wu)帝(di)，殊言(yan)天(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，尊异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)不(bu)殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》相对之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)省以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)便文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

噫嘻成王，既昭假尔，率时农夫，播厥百穀。意，叹也。嘻，和也。成王，成是王事也。笺云：噫嘻，有所多大之声也。假，至也。播，犹种也。噫嘻乎能成周王之功，其德已著至矣。谓光被四表，格于上下也。又能率是主田之吏农夫，使民耕田而种百穀也。
　　○成王(wang)如字，又于况反(fan)。注同。假，郑(zheng)、王(wang)并音格，沈云：“毛如字。”彼，皮寄反(fan)。

[疏]“噫嘻成王”。
　　○毛以为，噫嘻然嗟叹而有所戒敕者，成是王事之王。谓周公、成王也。此王既巳政教光明，至於天下，德既光明，显著如此，犹能敬重农事，率是典田之官，令之教民耕田而种百穀。典田之官既受率约，即告民云：我欲得大发汝之私田，终於三十里，欲使各极其望，无不垦耕，汝等须大事汝所耕，及时趋农，十千人维为配耦，恐其失时，欲令万夫俱作。天下既已太平，尚能重民如此，为之祈神，殷勤戒敕，故美而歌之。
　　○郑唯“噫嘻”二字与“骏”字别，又三十里为一部一吏主之，实有十千之数，具说在笺。
　　○传“噫叹”至“王事”。
　　○正义曰：孔子见颜渊死，曰：“噫！天丧予。”成汤见四面罗者曰：“嘻！尽之矣。”则噫嘻皆是叹声。为叹以敕之，传因其文，重分而属之，非训噫嘻为叹敕也。此噫嘻犹上篇云嗟嗟耳。毛亦以上篇重农嗟嗟而敕保介，此文类之，明亦噫嘻而敕之。
　　○笺“噫嘻”至“百穀”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：以噫嘻之(zhi)(zhi)下方美其成王(wang)(wang)(wang)明至(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)“率时农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)”乃在下句(ju)，则(ze)噫嘻之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，未是(shi)敕戒，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以为“有所(suo)(suo)(suo)多(duo)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)声”，谓作者(zhe)(zhe)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)裒多(duo)美大(da)(da)，而(er)(er)为声以叹之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)“噫嘻，有所(suo)(suo)(suo)多(duo)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)声”。“假，至(zhi)(zhi)”，《释诂》文。彼(bi)(bi)假作格，音义同。言(yan)既明至(zhi)(zhi)，亦是(shi)君德著明而(er)(er)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)至(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)引《尚(shang)书》以当之(zhi)(zhi)。“光彼(bi)(bi)四表，格于上下”，《尧典》文也(ye)(ye)。注云(yun)：“言(yan)尧德光耀(yao)，及(ji)(ji)四海之(zhi)(zhi)外，至(zhi)(zhi)於天地，所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓大(da)(da)人与天地合其德，与日月齐其明。”彼(bi)(bi)说尧德，而(er)(er)圣人道同，周公、成王(wang)(wang)(wang)，德亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)美其能(neng)“昭(zhao)假”也(ye)(ye)。先言(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe)，人之(zhi)(zhi)恒性(xing)，莫不急於未就，惰於已成。今(jin)成王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)，德既著至(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)犹尚(shang)重农(nong)，以是(shi)而(er)(er)益(yi)可美矣，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)“又(you)能(neng)率是(shi)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)吏农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，使民耕田(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)种百穀”，谓王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)率农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，教下民也(ye)(ye)。知农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)吏者(zhe)(zhe)，以文承成王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)下，则(ze)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)率之(zhi)(zhi)。若田(tian)(tian)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)，非王(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)亲率。而(er)(er)《释言(yan)》云(yun)：“畯，农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。”畯即(ji)《豳风》、小雅及(ji)(ji)《春官(guan)·籥章》所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)“田(tian)(tian)畯”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。田(tian)(tian)畯主(zhu)典田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)，而(er)(er)《尔雅》谓之(zhi)(zhi)农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知农(nong)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)吏也(ye)(ye)。

骏发尔私，终三十里。亦服尔耕，十千维耦。私，民田也。言上欲富其民而让於下，欲民之大发其私田耳。终三十里，言各极其望也。笺云：骏，疾也。发，伐也。亦，大服事也。使民疾耕，发其私田，竟三十里者，一部一吏主之，於是民大事耕其私田，万耦同时举也。《周礼》曰：“凡治野田，夫间有遂，遂上有径；十夫有沟，沟上有畛；百夫有洫，洫上有涂；千夫有氵会，氵会上有道；万夫有川，川上有路。”计此万夫之地，方三十三里少半里也。耜广五寸，二耜为耦。一川之间万夫，故有万耦。耕言三十里者，举其成数。
　　○浚(jun)，本亦作“骏”，音畯，毛“大也”。郑云“疾也”。“发发伐(fa)”，一(yi)本无一(yi)“发”字。径，古定反。畛，之(zhi)(zhi)忍反，又之(zhi)(zhi)人反。洫，况域反。氵会，古外反。广(guang)，古旷反。

[疏]传“私民”至“其望”。
　　○正义曰：毛以此经皆敕民之言，故解其敕意，所在皆有。公田在民井田之间，亦当民所耕发，而云“骏发尔私”者，上意欲富其民而让於下，欲民之大发私田，使之耕以取富，故言私而不及公，令民知君於己之专，则感而乐业故也。《大田》云：“雨我公田，遂及我私。”是民意之先公也。此云“骏发尔私”，言不及公，上意之让下也。以彼公私相对，知此言私对公，训骏为大，故云“大发其私田”也。又解正言三十里意。终三十里者，各极其望，谓人目之望所见，极於三十。每各极望，则遍及天下矣。三十以极望为言，则“十千维耦”者，以万为盈数，故举之以言，非谓三十里内有十千人也。王肃云：“三十里天地合，所之而三十则天下遍。”此申毛之意也。言人目所望，三十里而天地合，於三十里外，不复见之，是为极望也。
　　○笺“骏疾”至“成数”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂(gu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“速，疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。骏(jun)(jun)，速也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”转以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相训，是(shi)(shi)骏(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)·匠(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耦(ou)(ou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)。”伐(fa)，发地，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“发，伐(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。言(yan)伐(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耜击伐(fa)此(ci)(ci)(ci)地，使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发起也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“亦，大(da)(da)(da)服事”，《释诂(gu)》文。彼(bi)“亦”作“弈”，音义同。笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“播(bo)厥百(bai)(bai)穀(gu)(gu)”，是(shi)(shi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)率(lv)约农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。“骏(jun)(jun)发尔私，终(zhong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”，是(shi)(shi)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)教民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“使(shi)民疾(ji)耕(geng)，发其(qi)(qi)(qi)私田(tian)(tian)”，谓(wei)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。终(zhong)训竟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竟三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立田(tian)(tian)官(guan)，每(mei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，令(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)，谓(wei)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)敕(chi)终(zhong)己境界(jie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)指言(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“亦服尔耕(geng)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)维耦(ou)(ou)”，是(shi)(shi)民从(cong)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)号(hao)令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)民大(da)(da)(da)耕(geng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)，万(wan)(wan)(wan)耦(ou)(ou)同时举(ju)足(zu)而(er)(er)耕(geng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。知此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，使(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)率(lv)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，使(shi)教民种穀(gu)(gu)，农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)即(ji)号(hao)令(ling)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，令(ling)疾(ji)发私田(tian)(tian)，终(zhong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。明三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)所部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界(jie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知每(mei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，使(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《公(gong)羊传》曰：“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)吏(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，在官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)称。《七(qi)月》传云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“畯(jun)，田(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”畯(jun)即(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)农(nong)(nong)(nong)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)，盖皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。笺又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)耦(ou)(ou)，与(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)数(shu)相应，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所引《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》，尽(jin)“川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)路”，皆《地官(guan)·遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)意言(yan)，凡治郊外(wai)(wai)野(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂(sui)(sui)，广(guang)(guang)深(shen)(shen)各(ge)二尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)遂(sui)(sui)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步径(jing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)牛马(ma)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沟，广(guang)(guang)深(shen)(shen)各(ge)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)沟上(shang)(shang)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)径(jing)畛，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)大(da)(da)(da)车(che)(che)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洫(xu)(xu)，广(guang)(guang)深(shen)(shen)各(ge)八尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)洫(xu)(xu)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)涂(tu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)乘车(che)(che)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)(qian)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)，广(guang)(guang)丈(zhang)六尺(chi)(chi)，深(shen)(shen)丈(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)道，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)二轨(gui)(gui)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)广(guang)(guang)路，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)轨(gui)(gui)。是(shi)(shi)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)限，与(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)相当。又计此(ci)(ci)(ci)万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)百(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)，方百(bai)(bai)步，积万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)广(guang)(guang)长(zhang)各(ge)百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)百(bai)(bai)乘是(shi)(shi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)广(guang)(guang)长(zhang)皆百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)步，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)馀百(bai)(bai)步，即(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)少半里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)又少半里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“耜广(guang)(guang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸，二耜为(wei)(wei)(wei)耦(ou)(ou)”，《冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)·匠(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)对(dui)耦(ou)(ou)而(er)(er)耕(geng)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)万(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受田(tian)(tian)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)少半里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，正言(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)与(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成数(shu)，正足(zu)相充(chong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)首尾为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二邻(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酂(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，千(qian)(qian)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)(si)县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)。遂(sui)(sui)、沟、洫(xu)(xu)、氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)，皆所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)水(shui)(shui)於(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。遂(sui)(sui)广(guang)(guang)深(shen)(shen)各(ge)二尺(chi)(chi)，沟倍遂(sui)(sui)，洫(xu)(xu)倍沟。沟广(guang)(guang)二寻，深(shen)(shen)二仞(ren)。径(jing)、畛、涂(tu)、道、路，皆所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)车(che)(che)徒於(wu)(wu)国都也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。径(jing)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)牛马(ma)，畛容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)(da)(da)车(che)(che)，涂(tu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轨(gui)(gui)，道容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)二轨(gui)(gui)，路容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)轨(gui)(gui)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亩(mu)(mu)图(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)遂(sui)(sui)从(cong)沟横，洫(xu)(xu)从(cong)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)横，九(jiu)涂(tu)而(er)(er)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)(zhou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)焉。是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)具解五(wu)(wu)(wu)沟五(wu)(wu)(wu)涂(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)治野(ye)田(tian)(tian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)还据遂(sui)(sui)中(zhong)邻(lin)、里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、酂(cuo)、鄙、县(xian)而(er)(er)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)(si)县(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，计六遂(sui)(sui)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)县(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)犹馀二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，盖与(yu)(yu)公(gong)邑采(cai)地共(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？“遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)(wu)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)路”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)达於(wu)(wu)畿。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至於(wu)(wu)畿，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)中(zhong)虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)都、鄙，遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)尽(jin)主(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地。”是(shi)(shi)都、鄙与(yu)(yu)遂(sui)(sui)同制，此(ci)(ci)(ci)法明其(qi)(qi)(qi)共(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地官(guan)》序县(xian)正每(mei)县(xian)下(xia)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，鄙师每(mei)鄙上(shang)(shang)士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，酂(cuo)长(zhang)每(mei)酂(cuo)中(zhong)士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宰每(mei)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)下(xia)士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，邻(lin)长(zhang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)家则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。计四(si)(si)县(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鄙，百(bai)(bai)酂(cuo)，四(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，二千(qian)(qian)邻(lin)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)邻(lin)长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，合有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二千(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)矣。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吏(li)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)谓(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)，与(yu)(yu)典田(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别职(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注所言(yan)遂(sui)(sui)、沟、洫(xu)(xu)、氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)广(guang)(guang)深(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，皆《冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。径(jing)、畛、涂(tu)、道、路所容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，於(wu)(wu)《匠(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》差约而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，无正文。言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亩(mu)(mu)图(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)(sui)从(cong)沟横，洫(xu)(xu)从(cong)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)横者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)间(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)两夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)俱南(nan)(nan)(nan)亩(mu)(mu)，於(wu)(wu)畔上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)遂(sui)(sui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)遂(sui)(sui)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)遂(sui)(sui)既(ji)从(cong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必注於(wu)(wu)横者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)沟横也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。百(bai)(bai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方千(qian)(qian)步，除外(wai)(wai)畔，其(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)遂(sui)(sui)，东西者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)沟。其(qi)(qi)(qi)东西之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畔，即(ji)是(shi)(shi)洫(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。从(cong)洫(xu)(xu)必注於(wu)(wu)横氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畔即(ji)是(shi)(shi)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)方万(wan)(wan)(wan)步，为(wei)(wei)(wei)方千(qian)(qian)步者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)百(bai)(bai)，除外(wai)(wai)畔，其(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)洫(xu)(xu)，东西者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)氵(shui)(shui)会(hui)(hui)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)畔则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)周(zhou)(zhou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。如是(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)方百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《遂(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)方三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)少半里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，九(jiu)而(er)(er)方一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)皆设法耳。川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，当逐地形而(er)(er)流(liu)，非於(wu)(wu)万(wan)(wan)(wan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)必有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)绕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)，不得方折而(er)(er)匝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《噫(yi)嘻》一章，八句。

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