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朝散大夫《尚书》兵部郎中充龙图阁待制知通进银台司兼门下封事兼判国子监止护军赐紫金鱼袋（臣）
孙撰
夫总群圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道者(zhe)(zhe)，莫(mo)大乎六(liu)(liu)经。绍六(liu)(liu)经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)，莫(mo)尚乎《孟子》。自昔仲尼(ni)既没，战国初兴，至化(hua)陵(ling)迟，异(yi)端并作(zuo)，仪、衍肆其(qi)(qi)(qi)诡(gui)辩，杨、墨饰其(qi)(qi)(qi)淫辞。遂致(zhi)王公(gong)纳(na)其(qi)(qi)(qi)谋，以(yi)纷(fen)乱于(yu)(yu)上；学(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)循其(qi)(qi)(qi)踵，以(yi)蔽(bi)惑于(yu)(yu)下。犹洚水怀山(shan)，时(shi)尽昏垫，繁(fan)芜塞路，孰可芟(shan)夷？惟(wei)孟子挺(ting)名世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才，秉先觉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，拔邪(xie)树正(zheng)，高行厉(li)辞，导王化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，以(yi)救时(shi)弊；开圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，以(yi)断群疑。其(qi)(qi)(qi)言精(jing)而赡，其(qi)(qi)(qi)旨渊而通，致(zhi)仲尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，独尊(zun)于(yu)(yu)千古(gu)，非(fei)圣贤(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦，安能至于(yu)(yu)此乎？其(qi)(qi)(qi)书由炎(yan)汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，盛传于(yu)(yu)世，为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)有赵岐、陆善(shan)(shan)经；为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)有张镒、丁(ding)公(gong)著(zhu)。自陆善(shan)(shan)经已(yi)降，其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)训(xun)说(shuo)，虽小(xiao)有异(yi)同(tong)，而共(gong)宗赵氏(shi)(shi)。惟(wei)是音(yin)释(shi)二家，撰录俱未精(jing)当，张氏(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)徒分章句，漏落颇多；丁(ding)氏(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)稍识(shi)指归，伪谬时(shi)有。若非(fei)再加刊正(zheng)，讵可通行？臣前(qian)奉(feng)敕与同(tong)判国子监(jian)王旭、国子监(jian)直(zhi)讲(jiang)马龟符、国子学(xue)说(shuo)书吴(wu)易直(zhi)、冯元等(deng)作(zuo)《音(yin)义》二卷，已(yi)经进呈(cheng)。今辄罄浅(qian)闻，随赵氏(shi)(shi)所(suo)说(shuo)，仰(yang)(yang)效先儒释(shi)经，为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)义。凡(fan)理有所(suo)滞，事(shi)有所(suo)遗，质诸经训(xun)，与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)增明。虽仰(yang)(yang)测(ce)至言，莫(mo)穷于(yu)(yu)奥妙(miao)，而广传博识(shi)，更(geng)俟(si)于(yu)(yu)发(fa)挥(hui)。谨(jin)上。
○题辞解
[疏]正义(yi)曰(yue)：案《史记》云(yun)：“孟(meng)(meng)轲，受业子(zi)(zi)(zi)思门人，道既通(tong)，所于者不合，退与万章之(zhi)徒(tu)序《诗(shi)》、《书》，述仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)意，作《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》七篇。”至嬴秦焚(fen)书坑(keng)儒，《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》之(zhi)徒(tu)党自是(shi)尽矣。其七篇书号为(wei)(wei)诸子(zi)(zi)(zi)，故篇籍(ji)得(de)不泯绝。汉(han)兴，高(gao)皇(huang)未遑庠序之(zhi)事(shi)，孝(xiao)惠(hui)虽除(chu)挟书之(zhi)律(lv)，然而公卿皆(jie)武力功臣，亦莫以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)意。及孝(xiao)文(wen)皇(huang)帝广(guang)游学之(zhi)路，天下(xia)众(zhong)书往往稍出，由是(shi)《论语》、《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》、《孝(xiao)经(jing)(jing)》、《尔雅》皆(jie)置博士(shi)，当时乃有刘歆九(jiu)种《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》，凡(fan)(fan)十(shi)一篇。炎汉(han)之(zhi)后，盛传于世为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)注(zhu)者，西京(jing)赵(zhao)岐(qi)出焉。至于李(li)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)又(you)有陆善(shan)经(jing)(jing)出焉。自陆善(shan)经(jing)(jing)已降，其所训说虽小有异同，而咸(xian)归宗于赵(zhao)氏(shi)。《隋志》云(yun)：赵(zhao)岐(qi)注(zhu)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》十(shi)四(si)卷(juan)。又(you)有郑(zheng)亢(kang)注(zhu)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》七卷(juan)。在梁时又(you)有綦母邃(sui)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》九(jiu)卷(juan)。《唐(tang)(tang)(tang)书·艺(yi)文(wen)志》又(you)云(yun)：《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》注(zhu)凡(fan)(fan)四(si)家，有三十(shi)五卷(juan)。至于皇(huang)朝《崇文(wen)总目》，《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》独(du)存(cun)赵(zhao)岐(qi)注(zhu)十(shi)四(si)卷(juan)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)陆善(shan)经(jing)(jing)注(zhu)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》七卷(juan)，凡(fan)(fan)二(er)(er)家二(er)(er)十(shi)一卷(juan)。今(jin)校定仍据赵(zhao)注(zhu)为(wei)(wei)本。今(jin)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)主题辞者，赵(zhao)岐(qi)谓此(ci)书《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》之(zhi)所作，所以(yi)(yi)题号《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》之(zhi)书，其题辞为(wei)(wei)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》而作，故曰(yue)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)题辞》。
《孟子题辞》者，所以题号《孟子》之(zhi)书本(ben)，末指义(yi)文辞之(zhi)表也。
[疏]“孟子”至“表也”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此叙《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)题(ti)辞》为《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)》书之序(xu)(xu)也。张镒(yi)释云：《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)题(ti)辞》即(ji)序(xu)(xu)也，赵注尚(shang)异(yi)，故不谓(wei)之序(xu)(xu)而谓(wei)之题(ti)辞。孟(meng)(meng)，姓也。
[疏]正义(yi)曰：此(ci)叙孟(meng)(meng)氏之(zhi)所自也(ye)。案鲁史桓公之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，桓公子(zi)庄公为君，庶(shu)子(zi)公子(zi)庆(qing)父、公子(zi)叔(shu)牙、公子(zi)季(ji)友(you)。仲(zhong)孙是(shi)庆(qing)父之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，叔(shu)孙是(shi)叔(shu)牙之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，季(ji)孙是(shi)季(ji)友(you)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。其后(hou)(hou)子(zi)孙皆以(yi)仲(zhong)、叔(shu)、季(ji)为氏。至(zhi)仲(zhong)孙氏后(hou)(hou)世，改仲(zhong)曰孟(meng)(meng)。又云：孟(meng)(meng)庶(shu)长之(zhi)称也(ye)。言已是(shi)庶(shu)，不敢与庄公为伯、仲(zhong)、叔(shu)、季(ji)之(zhi)次(ci)，故取庶(shu)长为始(shi)也(ye)。又定公六年有(you)仲(zhong)孙何忌如晋(jin)，《左传》即曰孟(meng)(meng)懿(yi)子(zi)往(wang)。是(shi)孟(meng)(meng)氏为仲(zhong)孙氏之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)改孟(meng)(meng)也(ye)。子(zi)者(zhe)，男子(zi)之(zhi)通称也(ye)。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：此(ci)叙(xu)凡(fan)称(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之例也(ye)。案经传(chuan)凡(fan)敌者相谓皆言吾子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，或直言子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，称(cheng)师亦(yi)曰(yue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。是子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者，男子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)德之通称(cheng)也(ye)。《公羊传(chuan)》云“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)沈(shen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)”，何休云：“沈(shen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冠氏上(shang)者，著(zhu)其为(wei)师也(ye)。不但(dan)言子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)者，辟孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)。”然则后人称(cheng)先(xian)师则以子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冠氏上(shang)，所以明其为(wei)师也(ye)。如子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公羊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)沈(shen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之类是也(ye)。凡(fan)书传(chuan)直言子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)者，皆指孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，以其师范(fan)来世，人尽知之，故不必言氏也(ye)。孟(meng)轲(ke)有(you)德，亦(yi)足以师范(fan)来世，宜(yi)其以氏冠子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，使后人知之，非(fei)独云有(you)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，又有(you)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)为(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)焉。此(ci)书，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之所作也(ye)，故总谓之《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》。
[疏]正义(yi)曰(yue)：此叙孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)作此书，故(gu)总名号为(wei)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)》也(ye)。唐林慎思《续孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)书》二卷(juan)，以谓《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)》七篇，非(fei)轲(ke)自著，乃弟子(zi)(zi)共记其言。韩愈亦(yi)云：孟(meng)(meng)轲(ke)之(zhi)书，非(fei)轲(ke)自著，轲(ke)既没(mei)，其徒万章、公(gong)孙丑(chou)相与(yu)记轲(ke)所(suo)(suo)言焉。今赵氏为(wei)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)》之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)作，故(gu)？谓之(zhi)《孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)》者(zhe)，盖亦(yi)有由尔(er)。
其篇目，则各(ge)自(zi)有名。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：此叙(xu)孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)七篇各有名(ming)目(mu)也(ye)(ye)。故《梁惠(hui)王(wang)》、《公(gong)孙丑》、《滕文公(gong)》、《离娄》、《万章》、《告子(zi)(zi)(zi)》、《尽(jin)心》是也(ye)(ye)。孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)，邹人也(ye)(ye)。名(ming)轲，字则(ze)未闻也(ye)(ye)。邹本《春秋》邾子(zi)(zi)(zi)之国，至孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)时改(gai)曰(yue)邹矣。国近鲁(lu)，后为(wei)鲁(lu)所并(bing)。又(you)言邾为(wei)楚(chu)所并(bing)，非(fei)鲁(lu)也(ye)(ye)，今邹县是也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰(yue)：此叙孟子姓字(zi)及所居之国(guo)(guo)也(ye)。案《史记》列(lie)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孟轲，邹人也(ye)。”不(bu)纪(ji)其(qi)字(zi)，故赵氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)字(zi)则未闻焉。后世(shi)或云(yun)(yun)(yun)字(zi)子舆。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邹本春(chun)秋邾(zhu)子之国(guo)(guo)”至“是也(ye)”者(zhe)，案《春(chun)秋》隐公(gong)元年(nian)(nian)书“公(gong)及仪父盟于(yu)蔑”，杜注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“邾(zhu)，今(jin)鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)邹县是也(ye)。”仪父事(shi)齐(qi)桓(huan)以奖王(wang)室，王(wang)命以为(wei)邾(zhu)子。《说文》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“邹，孔(kong)子乡也(ye)。一云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“邹，鲁(lu)附庸之国(guo)(guo)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)近鲁(lu)”者(zhe)，案《左传》哀公(gong)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)，“公(gong)伐(fa)邾(zhu)，及范(fan)门，犹闻锺声”。又曰(yue)：“鲁(lu)击柝，闻于(yu)邾(zhu)。”杜注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“范(fan)门，邾(zhu)郭(guo)门也(ye)。”是为(wei)鲁(lu)所并。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)楚(chu)所并”者(zhe)，案《史记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鲁(lu)顷公(gong)二十四年(nian)(nian)，楚(chu)考烈王(wang)伐(fa)灭(mie)鲁(lu)。”是又为(wei)楚(chu)所并。
或曰：孟(meng)子，鲁公(gong)族孟(meng)孙之后。故孟(meng)子仕(shi)于齐，丧母(mu)而归葬于鲁也。三(san)桓子孙既以衰(shuai)微，分(fen)他国(guo)。
[疏]“或曰”至“他国”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此叙孟子(zi)为鲁(lu)公(gong)(gong)族孟孙之(zhi)后(hou)也。其说在孟姓之(zhi)段(duan)。云“仕(shi)于齐，葬于鲁(lu)”者，公(gong)(gong)孙丑(chou)篇之(zhi)文也。《春秋》定公(gong)(gong)六年，季孙斯(si)、仲孙何忌如晋。十年，叔(shu)孙仇如齐。哀公(gong)(gong)二十七(qi)年，公(gong)(gong)患(huan)三桓之(zhi)后(hou)，欲(yu)以(yi)诸侯(hou)去之(zhi)。杜(du)预云：欲(yu)求诸侯(hou)以(yi)逐三桓后(hou)。至(zhi)鲁(lu)顷公(gong)(gong)时，鲁(lu)遂绝祀。由是三桓子(zi)孙衰微。
《孟子》生(sheng)有淑质(zhi)，夙丧其(qi)父，幼被慈母三(san)迁之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，长师孔子之(zhi)(zhi)孙子思，治儒述之(zhi)(zhi)道，通(tong)五经尤长于《诗(shi)》、《书》。
[疏]“孟子”至“诗书”。
○正义曰(yue)：此(ci)叙(xu)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)自幼至长之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。案《史·列女(nv)传》云(yun)：孟(meng)轲母，其(qi)(qi)(qi)舍近墓，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)少嬉(xi)游为墓间之(zhi)(zhi)事，孟(meng)母曰(yue)：此(ci)非吾(wu)所以处(chu)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。乃(nai)去舍市，傍(bang)(bang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)嬉(xi)戏乃(nai)贾人卖之(zhi)(zhi)事。又曰(yue)：此(ci)非吾(wu)所以处(chu)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。复(fu)徙舍学(xue)宫之(zhi)(zhi)傍(bang)(bang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)嬉(xi)戏乃(nai)设俎豆揖逊进(jin)退。孟(meng)母曰(yue)：此(ci)真(zhen)可以居(ju)吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)矣。遂(sui)居(ju)焉。及(ji)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)既学(xue)而归，孟(meng)母问学(xue)所至，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)自若也(ye)。孟(meng)母以刀断(duan)机，曰(yue)：子(zi)(zi)废学(xue)，若吾(wu)断(duan)机。孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)惧，旦夕(xi)勤学(xue)不息，师子(zi)(zi)思(si)，遂(sui)成名儒。又案《史记》云(yun)：孟(meng)轲受业于(yu)子(zi)(zi)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)门(men)人，道既通，所干不合(he)，退与(yu)万(wan)章之(zhi)(zhi)徒叙(xu)《诗》、《书》。故赵氏(shi)云(yun)：“尤长于(yu)《诗》、《书》。
周(zhou)(zhou)衰之末，战国纵横(heng)，用兵争强(qiang)以(yi)相(xiang)侵(qin)夺，当世(shi)取士，务先(xian)权谋以(yi)为上贤。先(xian)王大(da)道(dao)陵迟隳废(fei)，异(yi)端(duan)并起，若杨(yang)朱(zhu)、墨翟放荡之言以(yi)干时感(gan)众者非一(yi)。孟子闵(min)悼尧、舜、汤、文、周(zhou)(zhou)、孔(kong)之业将遂湮微(wei)，正(zheng)涂壅底，仁义荒怠(dai)，佞伪(wei)驰骋(cheng)，红紫(zi)乱(luan)朱(zhu)。
[疏]“周衰之末”至“乱朱”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：此叙周衰战(zhan)国纵横(heng)之时，大道(dao)陵迟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案太史公曰：秦纪至犬戎败幽王(wang)，周东(dong)迁洛邑，秦襄公始(shi)封为(wei)(wei)诸侯，作西(xi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)上帝，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)僭端见(jian)矣(yi)。自后陪臣(chen)执(zhi)政，大夫世禄，六(liu)卿分晋，及田常弑简公而(er)(er)相(xiang)齐国，诸侯晏然不讨，海内争于战(zhan)攻，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)国盛焉。其务在强兵并敌谋诈用(yong)(yong)(yong)，而(er)(er)纵横(heng)长短之说起(qi)(qi)。故(gu)(gu)秦用(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)君富国强兵，楚、魏用(yong)(yong)(yong)吴起(qi)(qi)战(zhan)胜(sheng)弱(ruo)敌，齐威宣王(wang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)孙(sun)子(zi)(zi)、田忌之徒而(er)(er)诸侯东(dong)面朝齐。天(tian)下(xia)于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)务于合纵连横(heng)，以攻伐为(wei)(wei)贤，而(er)(er)杨(yang)朱、墨翟以兼爱自为(wei)(wei)，以害仁义。孟(meng)轲(ke)乃述唐虞三代之德，退(tui)叙《诗》、《书》，述孔子(zi)(zi)之意。当此之时，念非《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)》有哀悯之心，则尧、舜、汤、文(wen)、周、孔之业将(jiang)遂沉小，而(er)(er)正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)郁塞，仁义荒(huang)怠(dai)，佞(ning)伪并行，红(hong)紫(zi)乱朱矣(yi)。杨(yang)雄云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：古者杨(yang)、墨塞路，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)辞(ci)而(er)(er)辟之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)湮微者，湮，沉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；微，小也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)壅底者，言正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)郁塞而(er)(er)不明也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)仁义荒(huang)芜(wu)者，《释(shi)名》曰：仁，忍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，好生恶杀(sha)，善恶含忍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。义，宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，裁(cai)制(zhi)事(shi)物使合宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《庄(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：爱仁利(li)物之谓仁。杨(yang)子(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：事(shi)得其宜谓之义。《尚(shang)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：无怠(dai)无荒(huang)。孔注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：迷(mi)乱曰荒(huang)，怠(dai)，懈怠(dai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)佞(ning)伪驰骋者，《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：仁而(er)(er)不佞(ning)。孔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：佞(ning)，口(kou)辞(ci)捷(jie)给(ji)，为(wei)(wei)人所憎(zeng)恶者，《说文(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：伪，诈也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。驰骋，奔走(zou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)红(hong)紫(zi)乱朱者，《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：恶紫(zi)之夺朱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：朱，正(zheng)(zheng)色(se)；紫(zi)，间(jian)(jian)色(se)。案皇氏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：青(qing)(qing)、赤(chi)、黄(huang)(huang)、白(bai)、黑(hei)(hei)，五方(fang)(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)色(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不正(zheng)(zheng)谓五方(fang)(fang)(fang)间(jian)(jian)色(se)，绿(lv)、红(hong)、碧(bi)(bi)、紫(zi)、亚黄(huang)(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。青(qing)(qing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)，绿(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)间(jian)(jian)，东(dong)为(wei)(wei)木木，色(se)青(qing)(qing)。木克(ke)土，土色(se)黄(huang)(huang)，并以所克(ke)为(wei)(wei)间(jian)(jian)。故(gu)(gu)绿(lv)色(se)，青(qing)(qing)、黄(huang)(huang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。朱是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)，红(hong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南方(fang)(fang)(fang)间(jian)(jian)，南为(wei)(wei)火(huo)，火(huo)色(se)赤(chi)，火(huo)克(ke)金(jin)，金(jin)色(se)白(bai)，故(gu)(gu)红(hong)色(se)，赤(chi)、白(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。白(bai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)，碧(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)间(jian)(jian)，西(xi)为(wei)(wei)金(jin)，金(jin)色(se)白(bai)，金(jin)克(ke)木，故(gu)(gu)碧(bi)(bi)色(se)，青(qing)(qing)、白(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黑(hei)(hei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)，紫(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)间(jian)(jian)，北方(fang)(fang)(fang)水，水色(se)黑(hei)(hei)，水克(ke)火(huo)，火(huo)色(se)赤(chi)，故(gu)(gu)紫(zi)色(se)，赤(chi)、黑(hei)(hei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黄(huang)(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中央(yang)正(zheng)(zheng)，亚黄(huang)(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中央(yang)间(jian)(jian)，中央(yang)土，土色(se)黄(huang)(huang)，土克(ke)水，水色(se)黑(hei)(hei)，故(gu)(gu)亚黄(huang)(huang)色(se)，黄(huang)(huang)、黑(hei)(hei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)间(jian)(jian)然。
于是(shi)则慕仲尼，周流忧世，遂以儒道游(you)于诸(zhu)侯，思济斯民。然由不肯枉尺直寻，时君咸谓之(zhi)迂(yu)阔于事，终莫能听纳其说。
[疏]“于是”至“其说”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：此叙孟(meng)子周流聘世，时君不听纳其(qi)说(shuo)也(ye)。言孟(meng)子心慕孔子遍忧其(qi)世，遂以(yi)儒家仁(ren)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道历游诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，思欲救济(ji)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民。然而诸侯不能(neng)尊敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，孟(meng)子亦且不见(jian)也(ye)，虽召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而不往(wang)，以(yi)其(qi)不肯枉尺(chi)以(yi)直寻。十(shi)寸曰(yue)(yue)尺(chi)，八尺(chi)曰(yue)(yue)寻。《史记》云(yun)：孟(meng)子道既通，游事(shi)齐，齐宣王不能(neng)用。梁(liang)，梁(liang)惠王不果所言。是皆以(yi)为(wei)迂(yu)远而阔于事(shi)情，而莫有能(neng)听纳其(qi)说(shuo)者。孟(meng)子亦自(zi)知遭苍姬(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讫录，值(zhi)炎刘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未奋。进不得佐(zuo)兴(xing)唐虞雍熙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和，退不能(neng)信三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀风，耻没世而无闻(wen)焉。是故(gu)垂(chui)宪言以(yi)诒后人。仲尼(ni)有云(yun)：我(wo)欲托之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)空言，不如载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)切(qie)著明也(ye)。
[疏]“孟子”至“著明”也。
○正义曰：此叙(xu)孟(meng)子(zi)自知(zhi)道不(bu)(bu)行于世(shi)，耻没世(shi)无名闻，故(gu)慕仲尼托(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)空言而(er)(er)(er)载(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)行事也(ye)。言孟(meng)子(zi)生于六(liu)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)时，当衰周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)末，又遇汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)未兴，上不(bu)(bu)得辅起(qi)唐虞二世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)，下(xia)不(bu)(bu)能伸(shen)夏商周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)三代之(zhi)(zhi)风化，自愧没一世(shi)而(er)(er)(er)无名闻，所以垂法言以贶后(hou)人。故(gu)托(tuo)慕仲尼周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)流忧世(shi)，既不(bu)(bu)遇，乃退(tui)而(er)(er)(er)与万章之(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)叙(xu)《诗》、《书》而(er)(er)(er)作此七篇(pian)也(ye)。赵氏意其然，乃引孔子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)言而(er)(er)(er)明孟(meng)子(zi)载(zai)七篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。云苍姬(ji)(ji)者，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以木德王，故(gu)号为苍姬(ji)(ji)，姬(ji)(ji)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)姓也(ye)。云炎刘者，汉(han)以火德王，故(gu)号为炎刘，刘，高祖之(zhi)(zhi)姓氏也(ye)。
于是退而论集所(suo)与高第弟子公孙丑、万章之徒难疑(yi)答(da)问(wen)，又自(zi)撰其法(fa)度(du)之言(yan)，著书(shu)七篇(pian)，二(er)百(bai)(bai)六十一章三万四千(qian)六百(bai)(bai)八十五字。包罗天(tian)地，揆叙万类，仁(ren)义道德性命祸福粲然靡所(suo)不(bu)载。
[疏]“于是”至“不载”。
○正义(yi)曰：此叙(xu)孟子退(tui)而著(zhu)述篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《史(shi)记》云：孟子所干者(zhe)不(bu)合，退(tui)而与(yu)万章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒叙(xu)《诗(shi)》、《书》，述仲尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，作《孟子》七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。云二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)，合七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)数(shu)(shu)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)。据赵氏分(fen)(fen)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)则《梁惠王》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)一章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)丑》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《滕文公(gong)(gong)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《离(li)(li)娄》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《万章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)八(ba)(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《告子》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)六(liu)(liu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)《尽心(xin)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)四(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)总(zong)而计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云三(san)(san)(san)万四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)六(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，合七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)而言也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今计《梁惠王》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)，《公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)丑》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，《滕文公(gong)(gong)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)字(zi)(zi)，《离(li)(li)娄》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)，《万章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)字(zi)(zi)，《告子》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)，《尽心(xin)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九字(zi)(zi)，总(zong)而计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是三(san)(san)(san)万四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)六(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“包(bao)罗天(tian)地(di)”至(zhi)(zhi)“靡所不(bu)载”者(zhe)，言此七(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书，大而至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)天(tian)地(di)，微而至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)昆草木，又(you)次而至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)性命祸(huo)福，无有(you)不(bu)载者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然而篇(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)所以(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)，盖(gai)天(tian)以(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)纪璇(xuan)玑运(yun)度，七(qi)(qi)(qi)政分(fen)(fen)离(li)(li)，圣以(yi)(yi)布曜，故法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)所以(yi)(yi)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一者(zhe)，三(san)(san)(san)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)敢比《易》当期之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)，故取于(yu)三(san)(san)(san)时。三(san)(san)(san)时者(zhe)，成岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)时，故法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)万四(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)六(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，可以(yi)(yi)行五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，施(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纪，故法五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)而不(bu)敢盈也(ye)(ye)(ye)已。
帝王(wang)公侯遵(zun)之，则(ze)可以(yi)致隆平，颂清庙。卿、大(da)夫、士蹈(dao)之，则(ze)可以(yi)尊君父，立忠信(xin)。守志厉操者仪之，则(ze)可以(yi)崇高节，抗浮云。
[疏]“帝王”至“浮云”。
○正义曰：此(ci)叙《孟子》之(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)篇书为要者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。言上而(er)帝(di)王遵循之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)可以(yi)兴(xing)升(sheng)平之(zhi)(zhi)治，次(ci)而(er)公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)遵循之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)可以(yi)颂清(qing)庙。云(yun)“颂清(qing)庙”者(zhe)(zhe)，言公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)可以(yi)此(ci)助祭(ji)于天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)庙也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》有(you)(you)《清(qing)庙》之(zhi)(zhi)篇以(yi)祀文王，注(zhu)云(yun)：“天(tian)德清(qing)明，文王象焉，故祭(ji)而(er)歌此(ci)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”笺云(yun)：“诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)光明著见之(zhi)(zhi)德者(zhe)(zhe)，来助祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”卿(qing)、大夫、士(shi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)可以(yi)尊钦君父，主其忠信。守(shou)志厉操者(zhe)(zhe)仪而(er)法之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)可以(yi)此(ci)崇其高节(jie)而(er)抗富贵(gui)如浮(fu)云(yun)。云(yun)帝(di)王公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)卿(qing)大夫士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，盖帝(di)以(yi)德言，王以(yi)业(ye)言，卿(qing)有(you)(you)诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)，有(you)(you)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)；士(shi)有(you)(you)中士(shi)，有(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)士(shi)。公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)是周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)爵，所谓(wei)公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯子男，凡有(you)(you)五等是也(ye)(ye)。自帝(di)王以(yi)下(xia)(xia)言之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)；自公(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，则(ze)有(you)(you)卿(qing)；自卿(qing)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，则(ze)有(you)(you)大夫；自大夫以(yi)下(xia)(xia)，则(ze)止于有(you)(you)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
有风人(ren)之(zhi)托物，二雅之(zhi)正(zheng)言，可谓直而(er)不倨，曲而(er)不屈，命世(shi)亚(ya)圣之(zhi)大才者也。
[疏]“有风”至“者也”。
○正义曰：此(ci)叙《孟子》七(qi)篇有(you)风人二(er)雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，为(wei)亚(ya)(ya)圣者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。如(ru)对惠王(wang)欲以(yi)与民(min)同乐，故(gu)以(yi)文王(wang)灵台(tai)灵沼为(wei)言(yan)(yan)；对宣王(wang)欲以(yi)好货色与百姓同之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)以(yi)太王(wang)厥妃为(wei)言(yan)(yan)；论仁则托(tuo)(tuo)以(yi)为(wei)喻，论性则托(tuo)(tuo)以(yi)牛山之(zhi)(zhi)木为(wei)喻：是皆(jie)有(you)风人之(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)(tuo)物言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云二(er)雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)正言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，如(ru)引他(ta)人有(you)心、予忖度之(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)积乃(nai)仓，古公父来朝，走马不失(shi)其(qi)(qi)驰，舍(she)矢如(ru)破，几此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，是皆(jie)有(you)二(er)雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)正言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)可谓直其(qi)(qi)辞而且不失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)倨傲(ao)，曲其(qi)(qi)辞而且不失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)屈枉(wang)，而《孟子》诚为(wei)间世亚(ya)(ya)圣之(zhi)(zhi)大才(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)孟子之(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)比于上圣人之(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)，但相王(wang)天而已，故(gu)谓亚(ya)(ya)圣大才(cai)。
孔子(zi)自卫反鲁，然(ran)后乐正，雅(ya)、颂各得其所，乃删《诗(shi)》、定《书》系《周易》、作《春秋》。
[疏]“孔子”至“春秋”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue)：此(ci)叙引孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)退(tui)而(er)著(zhu)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。案定公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)四年，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)去(qu)鲁应聘诸国(guo)。哀(ai)(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年，自(zi)卫(wei)反鲁，是(shi)时道衰乐(le)废，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)来还乃(nai)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又哀(ai)(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年，《左传》云：“冬卫(wei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)将攻太叔，访于(yu)仲尼。仲尼曰(yue)：‘胡簋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事则尝(chang)学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，甲(jia)兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)。’退(tui)，命驾而(er)行，曰(yue)：‘鸟则择木(mu)，木(mu)岂能择鸟？’文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)遽止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)：‘圉岂敢度其私？访卫(wei)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)也(ye)。’将止(zhi)，鲁人以(yi)币召(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)归。”杜(du)预(yu)曰(yue)“于(yu)是(shi)自(zi)卫(wei)反鲁，然后乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)，雅(ya)、颂各得其所”是(shi)也(ye)。云乃(nai)删《诗》、定《书》、系(xi)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易(yi)》、作(zuo)《春秋》者(zhe)(zhe)，案《世(shi)家》云：鲁定公(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)年，季(ji)氏(shi)僭(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)室，陪臣执国(guo)命，是(shi)以(yi)鲁大夫以(yi)下皆潜离于(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)道，故孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不什，退(tui)而(er)修《诗》、《书》、《礼(li)》、《乐(le)》，弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)弥众(zhong)，至自(zi)远方，莫不受业焉。至哀(ai)(ai)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年自(zi)卫(wei)反鲁，乃(nai)上(shang)采契(qi)、后稷，中述商(shang)、周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)，至幽、厉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缺，凡三(san)百(bai)五(wu)篇，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)皆弦歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)求合《韶》、《武》雅(ya)、颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音，礼(li)、乐(le)自(zi)此(ci)可得而(er)述，以(yi)备(bei)王(wang)道，成(cheng)六(liu)艺。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)晚喜《易(yi)》，序《彖》、《系(xi)》、《象(xiang)》、《说卦》。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)《诗》、《书》、《礼(li)》、《乐(le)》教，弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)盖三(san)千焉。哀(ai)(ai)十(shi)(shi)四年春狩大野，仲尼视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)麟(lin)也(ye)，取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：吾道穷矣。乃(nai)因史记作(zuo)《春秋》，上(shang)至隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，下讫哀(ai)(ai)十(shi)(shi)四年十(shi)(shi)二公(gong)(gong)(gong)，据(ju)鲁亲周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，故商(shang)运之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)代，约其文(wen)辞而(er)指博，故曰(yue)：后世(shi)知丘者(zhe)(zhe)，其惟《春秋》；罪丘者(zhe)(zhe)，亦惟《春秋》。
孟子退自齐梁，述尧舜之道而(er)著作焉，此大贤拟圣而(er)作者也。
[疏]“孟子”至“者也”。
○正义曰(yue)：此叙(xu)孟子退而拟孔(kong)子之(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)而著述焉(yan)。案(an)马迁作(zuo)列传(chuan)云：“《孟子》游仕齐宣(xuan)王(wang)，宣(xuan)王(wang)不能(neng)用(yong)。梁，梁惠王(wang)不果(guo)所言(yan)(yan)。是(shi)以退而叙(xu)《诗》、《书》，述仲尼之(zhi)(zhi)意，而作(zuo)《孟子》七(qi)篇也。七(qi)十子之(zhi)(zhi)畴(chou)唬(hu)集夫子所言(yan)(yan)以为《论语(yu)》。《论语(yu)》者，五经之(zhi)(zhi)钅官钅害，六艺之(zhi)(zhi)喉(hou)衿也。
[疏]“七十子”至“衿也”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)叙(xu)引孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)记(ji)诸(zhu)善言而(er)(er)为《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》也(ye)(ye)。案《汉书(shu)·艺文(wen)(wen)志》云(yun)(yun)：“《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》者(zhe)，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)应答弟子(zi)(zi)时人(ren)(ren)及(ji)弟子(zi)(zi)相与(yu)言而(er)(er)接闻于(yu)夫子(zi)(zi)之语(yu)也(ye)(ye)。当时弟子(zi)(zi)各(ge)有所记(ji)，夫子(zi)(zi)既卒，门人(ren)(ren)相与(yu)集而(er)(er)论(lun)(lun)纂，故谓之《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》。郑注云(yun)(yun)：“仲(zhong)弓、子(zi)(zi)游、子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)等(deng)撰述。论(lun)(lun)者(zhe)，纶也(ye)(ye)，以此(ci)(ci)(ci)书(shu)可以经纶世务，故曰(yue)(yue)论(lun)(lun)也(ye)(ye)。”语(yu)者(zhe)，郑注《周礼》云(yun)(yun)：“答述曰(yue)(yue)语(yu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)书(shu)所载，皆仲(zhong)尼答弟子(zi)(zi)及(ji)时人(ren)(ren)之辞，故曰(yue)(yue)语(yu)，而(er)(er)在(zai)论(lun)(lun)字下。”钅(jin)官(guan)钅(jin)害者(zhe)，车轴头铁也(ye)(ye)。《说文(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)：“车键(jian)也(ye)(ye)。”喉(hou)(hou)衿(jin)者(zhe)，《说文(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)：喉(hou)(hou)咽也(ye)(ye)。衿(jin)，衣领也(ye)(ye)。言《论(lun)(lun)语(yu)》为五(wu)经六艺之要，如此(ci)(ci)(ci)钅(jin)官(guan)钅(jin)害与(yu)夫喉(hou)(hou)衿(jin)也(ye)(ye)。
《孟(meng)子》之(zhi)书则而象(xiang)之(zhi)。
[疏]正义曰：此叙孟子作此七篇(pian)之书而(er)仪象(xiang)《论语》之书，是亦钅(jin)官钅(jin)官喉衿。
卫灵公问陈(chen)于孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)答以俎豆。梁惠王问利(li)国，孟(meng)子(zi)对以仁义。宋桓欲害孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)称(cheng)天生德于予(yu)(yu)。鲁(lu)臧仓毁鬲孟(meng)子(zi)，孟(meng)子(zi)曰臧氏之(zhi)子(zi)焉能(neng)使予(yu)(yu)不遇哉！旨意合同，若此(ci)者众。
[疏]“卫灵公”至“遇哉”。
○正义曰：此叙孟子(zi)作七篇(pian)则(ze)象(xiang)《论语(yu)》之(zhi)旨意也(ye)。卫灵公问陈于(yu)孔(kong)子(zi)，孔(kong)子(zi)对曰俎(zu)豆之(zhi)事，此《论语(yu)》之(zhi)文也(ye)。案(an)《左传》哀公十(shi)一年云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，在孔(kong)子(zi)自卫反鲁段。云(yun)(yun)俎(zu)豆者，案(an)《明堂位》云(yun)(yun)：“俎(zu)，有(you)虞氏以(yi)完，夏后氏以(yi)，商以(yi)具(ju)，周以(yi)房。”俎(zu)，郑注云(yun)(yun)：完，断木为四足(zu)而已。
之(zhi)(zhi)言蹶(jue)也(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)中足为(wei)横距之(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)，《周礼(li)》谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)距。具(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)言根具(ju)(ju)也(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)曲(qu)桡之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)足下跗也(ye)。上下两间有似(si)于堂房。《鲁颂》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)笾豆(dou)大房，又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)夏氏(shi)以(yi)曷豆(dou)，商(shang)玉豆(dou)，周献豆(dou)。郑注云：曷，无异物之(zhi)(zhi)饰也(ye)。献，疏刻之(zhi)(zhi)。齐人谓(wei)(wei)无发(fa)为(wei)秃曷，其(qi)(qi)委曲(qu)制度，备在《礼(li)图》。梁惠王问利国(guo)，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)对以(yi)仁义，说(shuo)在《梁惠王》篇。宋(song)桓欲害孔子(zi)(zi)，孔子(zi)(zi)称天(tian)生德(de)于予(yu)，是亦(yi)《论(lun)语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)。案《世家》：孔子(zi)(zi)宋(song)，与(yu)弟子(zi)(zi)习(xi)礼(li)大树下，宋(song)司马(ma)桓欲杀孔子(zi)(zi)，拔(ba)其(qi)(qi)树，孔子(zi)(zi)去。弟子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：可速矣。故(gu)孔子(zi)(zi)发(fa)此(ci)(ci)语(yu)，言“天(tian)生德(de)于予(yu)”者(zhe)，言孔子(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)授我(wo)以(yi)德(de)性(xing)，德(de)合天(tian)地，吉无不(bu)利，桓必(bi)不(bu)能害我(wo)，故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)如予(yu)何！云“鲁臧仓毁鬲孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)，孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)臧氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)焉(yan)能使予(yu)不(bu)遇哉”者(zhe)，说(shuo)在《惠王》下篇，凡(fan)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)，是皆旨意合若(ruo)此(ci)(ci)类者(zhe)甚(shen)众(zhong)，故(gu)不(bu)特(te)止此(ci)(ci)而(er)已。
又(you)有(you)外书四篇(pian)，《性善》、《辩文》、《说孝(xiao)经》、《为正》，其文不能弘(hong)深，不与内篇(pian)相似(si)(si)，似(si)(si)非(fei)孟子本真，后世(shi)依放而托之者(zhe)也。
[疏]正义(yi)曰：凡此(ci)外书四(si)篇，赵岐不尚，以故非之(zhi)。汉中(zhong)刘歆九种(zhong)《孟子》有十一卷，时合(he)此(ci)四(si)篇。
孟子既没之(zhi)后，大(da)道遂(sui)绌(chu)，逮至亡秦(qin)，焚灭经(jing)术，坑戮(lu)儒(ru)生，孟子徒党尽矣。其书号为诸(zhu)子，故篇(pian)籍得不泯绝。
[疏]“孟子”至“泯绝”。
○正义曰：此叙(xu)《孟(meng)子》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)得(de)其传也。盖孟(meng)子生于六国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，悯道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)行，遂(sui)著述(shu)，作(zuo)七篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)。既没之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)道(dao)遂(sui)绌而(er)不(bu)明(ming)于世，至嬴秦(qin)(qin)并(bing)六国(guo)，号为(wei)秦(qin)(qin)始皇(huang)帝，因(yin)李斯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，遂(sui)焚书(shu)坑儒，自是孟(meng)子徒党尽(jin)矣。《秦(qin)(qin)纪》云(yun)：秦(qin)(qin)皇(huang)三十四(si)年，丞相(xiang)(xiang)李斯曰：五帝不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)复，三代不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)袭，今(jin)陛下创大(da)业，是万(wan)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，固非(fei)愚儒所知，且(qie)越言(yan)三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，臣请史官非(fei)《秦(qin)(qin)纪》皆烧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)博(bo)士官所职，天下敢有藏《诗》、《书(shu)》、百家语者，悉(xi)诣守尉杂烧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所不(bu)去者，惟有医、卜、种(zhong)艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)。故(gu)《孟(meng)子》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)号为(wei)诸(zhu)子，以故(gu)篇(pian)籍(ji)不(bu)亡而(er)得(de)传于世。
汉兴，除秦虐禁，开(kai)延道德，孝文皇帝(di)欲(yu)广(guang)游学之路，《论(lun)语》、《孝经(jing)》、《孟子(zi)》、《尔雅》皆置博(bo)士(shi)，后罢传(chuan)记博(bo)士(shi)，独立五经(jing)而已。讫今诸经(jing)通义得引《孟子(zi)》以明(ming)事，谓之博(bo)文。
[疏]“汉兴”至“博文”。
○正义曰：此叙(xu)孟(meng)子之(zhi)书(shu)(shu)自(zi)汉而行(xing)也(ye)。案《汉书(shu)(shu)》云：高皇帝(di)诛项羽，引兵(bing)围鲁，鲁中诸(zhu)儒尚(shang)(shang)讲习礼，弦歌之(zhi)音不绝(jue)，岂非圣人(ren)(ren)遗化好(hao)学之(zhi)国哉(zai)！于是(shi)(shi)喟然(ran)兴于学。然(ran)尚(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)干戈(ge)，平定四海(hai)，亦未遑庠(xiang)序之(zhi)事(shi)。至孝惠乃除挟书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)律，然(ran)公(gong)卿(qing)皆武(wu)力功臣(chen)，莫以为意。至孝文(wen)始使掌故晁错从伏生受(shou)《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》。《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》出于屋壁(bi)，《诗》始萌芽，天下众书(shu)(shu)往往颇出，犹广立于学官(guan)，为置(zhi)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士。由是(shi)(shi)《论语》、《孟(meng)子》、《孝经(jing)(jing)》、《尔雅(ya)》皆置(zhi)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士。及后(hou)罢传记(ji)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士，以至于后(hou)汉，惟(wei)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)经(jing)(jing)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士。博(bo)(bo)(bo)士，秦官(guan)，掌通(tong)古今(jin)，秩(zhi)比六百(bai)石，员多至数十(shi)人(ren)(ren)。汉武(wu)建(jian)元五(wu)年(nian)初(chu)，置(zhi)五(wu)经(jing)(jing)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士。宣帝(di)黄龙九年(nian)，增(zeng)员二十(shi)人(ren)(ren)。自(zi)是(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后(hou)，五(wu)经(jing)(jing)独有(you)(you)(you)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士，讫于西京赵岐之(zhi)际，凡诸(zhu)经(jing)(jing)通(tong)义，皆得引《孟(meng)子》以明事(shi)，故谓之(zhi)博(bo)(bo)(bo)文(wen)也(ye)。
孟子长(zhang)于(yu)(yu)譬喻，辞不(bu)(bu)迫切而意以(yi)独至，其(qi)(qi)(qi)言曰(yue)“说(shuo)《诗(shi)》者不(bu)(bu)以(yi)文害辞，不(bu)(bu)以(yi)辞害志，以(yi)意逆志，为得之矣。”斯言殆欲使后人深求其(qi)(qi)(qi)意以(yi)解其(qi)(qi)(qi)文，不(bu)(bu)但施于(yu)(yu)说(shuo)《诗(shi)》也(ye)。今诸解者往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)摭取而说(shuo)之，其(qi)(qi)(qi)说(shuo)又多(duo)乖异(yi)不(bu)(bu)同。
[疏]正义(yi)曰：此叙孟子作(zuo)七篇(pian)之书长于(yu)譬喻，其(qi)文辞不(bu)至迫切(qie)，而(er)(er)赵(zhao)岐遂引孟子说(shuo)《诗》之旨，亦欲使后人知(zhi)之，但深求其(qi)意义(yi)，其(qi)旨不(bu)特止于(yu)说(shuo)《诗》也。然今之解(jie)者(zhe)摭取而(er)(er)说(shuo)之，其(qi)说(shuo)又多(duo)乖异而(er)(er)不(bu)同矣。《孟子》以来五百馀载(zai)，传(chuan)之者(zhe)亦已(yi)众多(duo)。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰：此言《孟子》七篇之书(shu)，自孟子既没之后，至(zhi)西(xi)京赵岐已五百有馀(yu)年。传(chuan)七篇之书(shu)解者，亦甚众多(duo)也。
余生西京，世寻丕祚，有自来(lai)矣。少蒙义方训涉典(dian)文。知命之(zhi)(zhi)际，婴戚于天，遘(gou)屯(tun)离蹇，诡姓遁身(shen)，经(jing)营八之(zhi)(zhi)内，十有馀年，心(xin)剿形(xing)瘵，何勤如焉！尝息肩弛担于济岱之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)，或(huo)有温(wen)故知新雅德君子矜我(wo)劬瘁，眷我(wo)皓(hao)首，访论稽古，慰以(yi)大道，余困吝之(zhi)(zhi)中，精神遐漂，靡所济集，聊欲系志(zhi)于翰墨，得以(yi)乱思(si)遗老(lao)也。惟(wei)六籍(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)学，先(xian)觉之(zhi)(zhi)士释而(er)辩之(zhi)(zhi)者既已(yi)详矣。儒家惟(wei)有《孟(meng)子》闳远(yuan)微妙，奥难(nan)见，宜(yi)在条(tiao)理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)科。于是乃述已(yi)所闻，证以(yi)经(jing)传，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)句(ju)，具载本文，章(zhang)别其旨，分为(wei)上(shang)、下，凡十四卷(juan)。究而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)，不敢以(yi)当(dang)达者，施于新学，可以(yi)寤疑辩惑。愚亦未能审于是非，后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)明者见其违阙，傥改而(er)正(zheng)诸，不亦宜(yi)乎。
[疏]“余生”至“不亦宜乎”。
○正义曰：此是赵岐自叙已意而为《孟子》解也。言我生自西汉之京，若以世代根寻其祚，其先与秦共祖，皆颛帝之裔孙也。其后子孙造父为穆王，攻徐偃王，大破之，以功封赵城，后因氏焉。故其来端有自矣。在幼少蒙义方教训之以先王典籍。及五十之岁间，乃零丁婴戚于天，是其时遇之险难，遂诡诈其姓氏，逃遁其身，经营治身于八之内，至十馀年，心神形色莫不焦瘁疲瘵，谓何勤如此之甚。曾因息肩弛负担于济岱之地，或有温故君子有雅德者，怜我勤苦焦瘁，见我头白，遂访我谈论，以稽考古人，仍慰我以大道。然于困吝之中，其精神亦且遐漂，未有归定，聊欲系志于笔墨，以乱思遗我老也。思其六经皆得先觉之贤士释而辩论之，亦巳甚详，于儒家独有《孟子》七篇之书，其理蕴奥，深妙难造，宜在于圣智条理之科，于是乃申述己之闻见，验以六经之传，断为章句，具载本文，章章别为意旨，分七篇作上、下篇，为十四卷。究极而言，虽不敢当于达士，然于初学者资之，亦可以晓悟其疑惑。其有是非得失，愚亦未敢审实，后之有明哲者，如见其违理疑阙者，改而正之，是其宜也。（原缺）
云为之章句，分为上、下凡十四卷者，各于卷下有说，此更不言。（原缺）
丁公著案：《汉(han)书·赵岐本传》云：赵岐字卿，京(jing)兆长陵人也，尝(chang)遇疾(ji)甚，诫其(qi)子曰：吾死之后，置(zhi)一圆石(shi)安(an)墓(mu)前(qian)，刻曰汉(han)有逸人姓(xing)赵名岐，有志无时。后疾(ji)瘳，仕(shi)(shi)至(zhi)大仆(pu)卿。尝(chang)仕(shi)(shi)州郡，以廉直疾(ji)恶见惮焉(yan)。
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