卷三 庶人章第六
[疏(shu)]正义曰：庶(shu)者(zhe)，众(zhong)也，谓(wei)天下众(zhong)人也。皇侃云(yun)：“不言众(zhong)民者(zhe)，兼包(bao)府史之(zhi)属(shu)，通谓(wei)之(zhi)庶(shu)人也。”严植之(zhi)以为(wei)(wei)士(shi)有(you)员位，人无限极，故士(shi)以下皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)庶(shu)人。
“用天(tian)之道，春(chun)生、夏(xia)长、秋敛、冬(dong)藏，举事顺时(shi)，此用天(tian)道也(ye)。分(fen)(fen)地之利。分(fen)(fen)别(bie)五土，视其高下，各尽(jin)所宜，此分(fen)(fen)地利也(ye)。谨(jin)身(shen)节用，以养父母(mu)。身(shen)恭谨(jin)则远耻辱(ru)，用节省则免饥寒，公(gong)赋既充则私(si)养不阙(que)。此庶人之孝也(ye)。庶人为孝，唯此而已(yi)。
[疏]用天至孝也。
○正义曰：夫子上述士之行孝已毕，次明庶人之行孝也。言庶人服田力穑，当须用天之四时生成之道也，分地五土所宜之利，谨慎其身，节省其用，以供养其父母，此则庶人之孝也。《援神契》云“庶人行孝曰畜”，以畜养为义，言能躬耕力农，以畜其德，而养其亲也。
○注春生至道也。
○正义曰：云“春生、夏长、秋敛、冬藏”者，此依郑注也。《尔雅·释天》云：“春为发生，夏为长毓，秋为收成，冬为安宁。”安宁即藏闭之义也。云“举事顺时，此用天之道也”者，谓举农亩之事，顺四时之气，春生则耕种，夏长则耕苗，秋收则穫刈，冬藏则入廪也。
○注分别至利也。正义曰：云“分别五土，视其高下”者，此依郑注也。案《周礼·大司徒》云：“五土：一曰山林、二曰川泽、三曰丘陵、四曰坟衍、五曰原隰。”谓庶人须能分别，视此五土之高下，随所宜而播种之，则《职方氏》所谓青州其穀宜稻麦、雍州其穀宜黍稷之类是也。云“各尽其所宜，此分地利也”者，此依孔传也。刘炫云：“黍稷生於陆，菰稻生於水。”
○注身恭至不阙。
○正义曰：云“身恭谨则远耻辱”者，《论语》曰：“恭近於礼，远耻辱也。”云“用节省则免饥寒”者，“用”谓庶人衣服、饮食、丧祭之用，当须节省。《礼记》曰：“食节事时。”又曰：“庶人无故不食珍，及三年之耕，必有一年之食：九年耕，必有三年之食。以三十年之通，虽有凶旱水溢，民无菜色。”是免饥寒也。云“公赋既充则私养不阙”者，“赋”者自上税下之名也。谓常省节财用，公家赋税充足，而私养父母不阙乏也。《孟子》曰“周人百亩而彻，其实皆什一也”，刘熙注云：“家耕百亩，彻取十亩以为赋也。”又云：“公事毕然后敢治私事。”是也，
○注庶人至而已。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：此依魏注(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。案天(tian)(tian)子、诸侯、卿大夫(fu)、士(shi)皆言“盖(gai)”，而庶(shu)人独言“此”，注(zhu)释言“此”之意也(ye)(ye)。谓天(tian)(tian)子至(zhi)士(shi)，孝(xiao)行(xing)广(guang)大，其章略(lve)述(shu)宏纲，所(suo)以言“盖(gai)”也(ye)(ye)。庶(shu)人用天(tian)(tian)分地，谨身节用，其孝(xiao)行(xing)已尽，故曰(yue)(yue)“此”，言惟此而已。《庶(shu)人》不引(yin)《诗》者(zhe)，义尽於此，无赘词也(ye)(ye)。
故自天(tian)子至(zhi)於庶(shu)人(ren)，孝无终始，而患不(bu)及(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，未之有(you)也(ye)。始自天(tian)子，终於庶(shu)人(ren)，尊卑虽殊(shu)，孝道同致，而患不(bu)能及(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，未之有(you)也(ye)。言无此理(li)，故曰未有(you)。
[疏]故自至有也。
○正义曰：夫子述天子、诸侯、卿大夫、士、庶人行孝毕，於此总结之，则有五等。尊卑虽殊，至於奉亲，其道不别，故从天子已下至於庶人，其孝道则无终始贵贱之异也。或有自患已身不能及於孝，未之有也。自古及今，未有此理，盖是勉人行孝之辞也。
○注始自至未有。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)“始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)五章以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“尊(zun)卑(bei)虽殊，孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)同致(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)尊(zun)卑(bei)虽别，至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殊。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)须(xu)爱(ai)亲(qin)(qin)敬亲(qin)(qin)，诸(zhu)侯须(xu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)骄(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)溢(yi)，卿大(da)夫於(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行(xing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)择，士须(xu)资亲(qin)(qin)事君(jun)(jun)，庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)谨身(shen)(shen)节用，各因心(xin)而(er)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯至(zhi)(zhi)，岂(qi)藉创物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智、扛鼎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)？若(ruo)率(lv)强之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“而(er)患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)贵(gui)(gui)贱(jian)尊(zun)卑(bei)，行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)同致(zhi)，若(ruo)各率(lv)其(qi)己分，则(ze)皆(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)亲(qin)(qin)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)包含之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)广大(da)，塞乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)天(tian)地(di)，横(heng)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)四(si)海。经(jing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，谓(wei)难(nan)(nan)备终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)毁伤，立身(shen)(shen)行(xing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，安其(qi)亲(qin)(qin)、忠於(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)，一(yi)事可(ke)(ke)(ke)称(cheng)，则(ze)行(xing)成名立，不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)甚(shen)易(yi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，故(gu)非(fei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致(zhi)必(bi)反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)理，故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)释“未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谢万以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，恒患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)，少(shao)贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)瓛云(yun)(yun)：“礼(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)下庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。若(ruo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)我贱(jian)而(er)患(huan)(huan)行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)己者(zhe)(zhe)，未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)但(dan)得忧不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，而(er)失於(wu)(wu)叹少(shao)贱(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“诸(zhu)家皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)患(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)(shen)，今(jin)注以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，将有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)说乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)？”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“案《说文(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)：‘患(huan)(huan)，忧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’《广雅》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘患(huan)(huan)，恶(e)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’又，若(ruo)案注说，释‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)凡有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)焉，大(da)意(yi)皆(jie)谓(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)患(huan)(huan)贵(gui)(gui)贱(jian)行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧，非(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)患(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”经(jing)传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)多矣：《论语》“不(bu)(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)己知(zhi)”，又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)位”，又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)寡而(er)患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)”；《左传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)患(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”：皆(jie)是(shi)忧恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。惟(wei)《苍(cang)颉(jie)篇》谓(wei)患(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)，孔、郑、韦、王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)释此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)，故(gu)皇侃曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，谓(wei)改悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善，恶(e)祸(huo)何(he)(he)必(bi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”则(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，已成空设也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)·祭义(yi)》：“曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)说孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本教曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)行(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)养(yang)。养(yang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，敬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。敬可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。安可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。父(fu)母既没，慎行(xing)其(qi)身(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)遗父(fu)母恶(e)名，可(ke)(ke)(ke)谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)矣。’”夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)曾(ceng)参行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，亲(qin)(qin)承圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，尚以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)，则(ze)寡能(neng)(neng)(neng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)识，固非(fei)所企也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，祸(huo)患(huan)(huan)必(bi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)偏执(zhi)，讵谓(wei)经(jing)通？郑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“《书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)：‘天(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)福善祸(huo)淫。’”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“惠迪吉，从逆(ni)凶，惟(wei)影(ying)响，斯则(ze)必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灾祸(huo)，何(he)(he)得称(cheng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“来(lai)问指淫凶悖慝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦，经(jing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戒不(bu)(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)善美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈。”《论语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)。曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘参，直养(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安能(neng)(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)？’”又此(ci)(ci)(ci)章云(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)父(fu)母，此(ci)(ci)(ci)庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”傥有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，只可(ke)(ke)(ke)未(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具美(mei)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)宜即(ji)同淫慝也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古今(jin)凡庸(yong)，讵识孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)？但(dan)使能(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)，安知(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)？若(ruo)今(jin)皆(jie)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)灾，便是(shi)比屋(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)贻祸(huo)矣。而(er)当朝通识者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑注非(fei)误(wu)，故(gu)谢万云(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)用心(xin)忧不(bu)(bu)(bu)足也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)如此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善，曾(ceng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)称(cheng)难(nan)(nan)，故(gu)郑注云(yun)(yun)：‘善未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”谛详此(ci)(ci)(ci)义(yi)，将谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然。何(he)(he)者(zhe)(zhe)？孔圣(sheng)垂文(wen)(wen)，包於(wu)(wu)上下，尽力(li)随分，宁限高卑(bei)？则(ze)因心(xin)而(er)行(xing)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如依谢万之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说，此(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)常情所昧矣。子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)卒(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)惟(wei)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)？”若(ruo)施化惟(wei)待(dai)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，千载方期一(yi)遇，加於(wu)(wu)百姓，刑於(wu)(wu)四(si)海，乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虚说者(zhe)(zhe)与！《制旨》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“嗟乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)！孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)，若(ruo)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逃也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)远(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。朕穷(qiong)五孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)贵(gui)(gui)贱(jian)，行(xing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由此(ci)(ci)(ci)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)立其(qi)身(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)。然则(ze)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)，岂(qi)云(yun)(yun)远(yuan)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)？我欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)斯至(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)(he)患(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)己者(zhe)(zhe)哉！”