爱上海

 华语网 > 文言专题 > 文言文经典名著 > 正文

春秋左氏传注疏卷四十九 昭公二十年在线阅读

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员上传 请你点此纠错或发表评论

卷四十九 昭公二十年

  【经】二十年,春,王正月。

夏,曹公孙会自鄸出奔宋。无传。尝有玉帛之使来告,故书。鄸,曹邑。
  ○鄸,莫公反(fan),一音亡(wang)增反(fan);《字(zi)林》音梦。案梦字(zi),《字(zi)林》亡(wang)忠反(fan)。使(shi),所吏反(fan)。

[疏]注“尝有”至“曹邑”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:宣十(shi)(shi)年传例曰:“凡诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大夫违,告(gao)於(wu)诸侯(hou)曰:‘某(mou)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)臣某(mou),失守(shou)宗庙,敢(gan)告(gao)。’所有玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)者则(ze)告(gao);不(bu)然则(ze)否。”注云(yun)(yun):“玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)谓(wei)(wei)聘(pin)(pin)。恩(en)好不(bu)接(jie),故(gu)不(bu)告(gao)。”如杜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)奔(ben)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),尝有玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)於(wu)彼国(guo)(guo),已经相(xiang)接(jie)则(ze)告(gao),若奔(ben)者未(wei)尝往(wang)聘(pin)(pin),恩(en)好不(bu)接(jie),则(ze)不(bu)告(gao),唯告(gao)奔(ben)者尝聘(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),馀不(bu)告(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。曹(cao)会曾来聘(pin)(pin)鲁,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“尝有玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)来告(gao),故(gu)书(shu)(shu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)二十(shi)(shi)二年,“宋(song)(song)华(hua)亥、向宁(ning)、华(hua)定自宋(song)(song)南(nan)(nan)里出(chu)奔(ben)楚”,其(qi)文正同。彼华(hua)亥等入南(nan)(nan)里以(yi)叛(pan),又(you)从(cong)(cong)南(nan)(nan)里出(chu)奔(ben),则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)亦应然。贾逵云(yun)(yun):“前(qian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)鄸(meng)叛(pan)也(ye)(ye)(ye),叛(pan)便(bian)从(cong)(cong)鄸(meng)而出(chu),叛(pan)不(bu)告(gao),故(gu)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)。”是(shi)言(yan)既(ji)以(yi)鄸(meng)叛(pan),又(you)从(cong)(cong)鄸(meng)而出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)里系(xi)宋(song)(song),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鄸(meng)不(bu)系(xi)曹(cao)者,鄸(meng)是(shi)大都(dou),得以(yi)名(ming)通。南(nan)(nan)里是(shi)宋(song)(song)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里,非别(bie)邑,故(gu)系(xi)於(wu)宋(song)(song)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)鄸(meng)及定十(shi)(shi)一年萧,皆是(shi)别(bie)邑,故(gu)不(bu)系(xi)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。曹(cao)是(shi)小国(guo)(guo),其(qi)臣书(shu)(shu)名(ming)者少,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)会书(shu)(shu)名(ming),盖备於(wu)礼(li)(li),成为(wei)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰:小国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿,“或命(ming)而礼(li)(li)仪不(bu)备,或未(wei)加命(ming)数(shu)(shu),故(gu)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。邾卑(bei)我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,其(qi)奔(ben)亡亦多,所书(shu)(shu)唯数(shu)(shu)人而已,知其(qi)合制者少也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。杜言(yan)数(shu)(shu)人,谓(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)公孙会与邾快邾卑(bei)我(wo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)杜意以(yi)会备礼(li)(li)成卿,故(gu)书(shu)(shu)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫(xuan)云(yun)(yun):《春秋(qiu)》未(wei)尝书(shu)(shu)曹(cao)人来聘(pin)(pin),非徒会不(bu)见经。炫(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi),谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)家所有交好皆告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非奔(ben)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)尝聘(pin)(pin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今贾又(you)云(yun)(yun):所以(yi)华(hua)亥、向宁(ning)、射姑等不(bu)见有玉(yu)帛(bo)来聘(pin)(pin)者,以(yi)其(qi)时未(wei)为(wei)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

秋,盗杀卫侯之兄絷。齐豹作而不义,故书曰盗,所谓求名而不得。
  ○絷,张立反。

[疏]注“齐豹”至“不得”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):襄(xiang)十(shi)年(nian)郑尉(wei)止、司(si)臣(chen)等杀子(zi)驷、子(zi)国,书(shu)曰(yue)(yue)“盗(dao)杀郑公子(zi)騑公子(zi)发”,尉(wei)止之(zhi)徒(tu)皆士(shi)(shi),书(shu)之(zhi)为“盗(dao)”。释例曰(yue)(yue):“士(shi)(shi)杀大(da)夫则书(shu)曰(yue)(yue)‘盗(dao)’。”则此书(shu)“盗(dao)”贬(bian)之(zhi),使同於士(shi)(shi)也(ye)。三十(shi)一年(nian)传说《春(chun)秋》褒(bao)贬(bian)之(zhi)义云:“或求(qiu)名而(er)不得,或欲盖而(er)名章,惩不义也(ye)。齐豹为卫(wei)司(si)寇,守嗣大(da)夫,作而(er)不义,其(qi)书(shu)为‘盗(dao)’。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“《春(chun)秋》书(shu)齐豹曰(yue)(yue)‘盗(dao)’,惩不义”也(ye)。宣十(shi)七年(nian)传例曰(yue)(yue):“凡称弟皆母弟。”《公羊传》曰(yue)(yue):“母兄(xiong)称兄(xiong)”。此絷与卫(wei)侯同母,故(gu)称兄(xiong)。

冬,十月,宋华亥、向宁、华定出奔陈。与君争而出,皆书名,恶之。
  ○华,户化反。争,争斗之争。恶,乌路反。

十有一月辛卯,蔡侯卢卒。无传。未同盟而赴以名。
  ○卢(lu),力乌(wu)反(fan);本又作庐,力於反(fan)。

【传(chuan)】二十(shi)年,春,王二月,已丑,日(ri)南至(zhi)。(是岁朔旦,冬至(zhi)之岁也(ye)(ye)。当(dang)言正(zheng)(zheng)月已丑朔,日(ri)南至(zhi)。时史失闰,闰更(geng)在二月后。故经因史而书正(zheng)(zheng)月,传(chuan)更(geng)具於二月,记南至(zhi)日(ri),以正(zheng)(zheng)历也(ye)(ye)。)

[疏]注“是岁”至“历也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):历法,十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)一章(zhang),章(zhang)首之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui),必(bi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)旦冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。僖五年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛亥朔(shuo),日(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是章(zhang)首之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。计(ji)僖五年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往年(nian)(nian)合一百(bai)三十(shi)三年(nian)(nian),是为(wei)(wei)七章(zhang)。今年(nian)(nian)复为(wei)(wei)章(zhang)首,故云“是岁(sui)朔(shuo)日(ri)(ri)冬(dong)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)也(ye)(ye)。朔(shuo)日(ri)(ri)冬(dong)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谓(wei)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)当(dang)(dang)言(yan)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)丑朔(shuo)日(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“今传(chuan)乃(nai)云:“二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)丑,日(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是错(cuo)(cuo)名正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。历之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)法,往年(nian)(nian)十(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后宜置(zhi)闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),即此年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)当(dang)(dang)是往年(nian)(nian)闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),此年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃(nai)是正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故朔(shuo)日(ri)(ri)已(yi)丑,日(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)失(shi)闰(run)(run),往年(nian)(nian)错(cuo)(cuo)不(bu)置(zhi)闰(run)(run),闰(run)(run)更在二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,传(chuan)於(wu)八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,乃(nai)云:“闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)戊辰(chen),杀(sha)宣姜。”是闰(run)(run)在二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后也(ye)(ye),不(bu)言(yan)在八(ba)(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后而云在二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后者,以正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)当(dang)(dang)置(zhi)闰(run)(run),二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后即不(bu)可(ke),故据(ju)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)谓(wei)闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故经因史(shi)而书(shu)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),从其(qi)(qi)误而书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)以经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实(shi)非正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),更具於(wu)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)记(ji)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),以正(zheng)历之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)也(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,谓(wei)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)气(qi)。历法闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)无中(zhong)气(qi),中(zhong)气(qi)必(bi)在前(qian)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。时(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)误以闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),而置(zhi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo),既不(bu)晓(xiao)历数,故闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悉皆错(cuo)(cuo)也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)下注(zhu)云“时(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁侯不(bu)行登台之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),使梓慎望(wang)气(qi)”。是杜(du)意以为(wei)(wei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君臣知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此已(yi)丑是冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),但不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)合在二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)耳。服虔云:梓慎知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)闰(run)(run),二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故独以二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)望(wang)气(qi)。则服意以为(wei)(wei)当(dang)(dang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁人(ren)置(zhi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,独梓慎知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)丑是真冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。其(qi)(qi)义或(huo)当(dang)(dang)然也(ye)(ye)。

梓慎望氛,氛,气也。时鲁侯不行登台之礼,使梓慎望气。
  ○氛,芳云反。曰:“今兹宋有乱,国几亡,三年而后弭。蔡有大丧。”为宋华、向出奔,蔡侯卒传。
  ○几音祈,又音机。弭,弥尔反。叔孙昭子曰:“然则戴、桓也。戴族,华氏;桓族,向氏。汏侈,无礼已甚,乱所在也。”传言妖由人兴。
  ○汏音泰。

费无极言於楚子曰:“建与伍奢将以方城之外叛,自以为犹宋、郑也。齐、晋又交辅之,将以害楚,其事集矣。”王信之,问伍奢。伍奢对曰:“君一过多矣,一过,纳建妻。何信於谗?”王执伍奢。忿奢切言。使城父司马奋扬杀大子。未至,而使遣之。知大子冤,故遣令去。
  ○奋(fen),方问(wen)反(fan)。冤,於元反(fan)。令,力呈反(fan)。三(san)月(yue),大(da)子建奔宋。王召奋(fen)扬(yang),奋(fen)扬(yang)使城父人执(zhi)已以至。

[疏]“城父人”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:服虔云(yun):城父(fu)人,城父(fu)大夫也。

王曰:“言出於余口,入於尔耳,谁告建也?”对曰:“臣告之。君王命臣曰:‘事建如事余。’臣不佞,佞,才也。不能苟贰。奉初以还,奉初命以周旋。不忍后命,故遣之。既而悔之,亦无及已。”王曰:“而敢来,何也?”对曰:“使而失命,召而不来,是再奸也。奸,犯也。
  ○使而,所吏反,又如字。奸音干。逃无所入。”王曰:“归,从政如他日。”善其言,舍使还。
  ○还音环,下还豹同。无极曰:“奢之子材,若在吴,必忧楚国,盍以免其父召之。彼仁,必来。不然,将为患。”王使召之,曰:“来,吾免而父。”棠君尚谓其弟员棠君,奢之长子尚也,为棠邑大夫。员,尚弟子胥。
  ○盍,户腊反。棠君尚,君或作尹。员音云。长,丁丈反。曰:“尔適吴,我将归死。吾知不逮,自以知不及员。
  ○知音智,注及下知也同。一音如字。逮音代,一音大计反。我能死,尔能报。闻免父之命,不可以莫之奔也;亲戚为戮,不可以莫之报也。奔死免父,孝也;度功而行,仁也;仁者贵成功。
  ○度,待洛反。择任而往,知也;员任报雠。
  ○任音壬,注同。知死不辟,勇也。尚为勇。父不可弃,俱去为弃父。名不可废,俱死为废名。尔其勉之!相从为愈。”愈,差也。
  ○差,初(chu)卖反。

[疏]“尔其”至“为愈”。
  ○正义曰(yue):勉谓努力(li)“尔其勉之”,今勉力(li)报(bao)雠,比於相从(cong)俱死(si)为愈也(ye)(ye)。病差谓之愈。言(yan)其胜共死(si)也(ye)(ye)。服(fu)虔云:“相从(cong)愈於共死(si)”,则服(fu)意相从(cong),使员从(cong)其言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。语法,两人(ren)交(jiao)互乃得(de)称(cheng)相,独使员从(cong)己,语不得(de)为相从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。

伍尚归。奢闻员不来,曰:“楚君、大夫其旰食乎!”将有吴忧,不得早食。
  ○旰,古旦反。楚人皆杀之。员如吴,言伐楚之利於州于。州于,吴子僚。
  ○僚,力彫反。公子光曰:“是宗为戮,而欲反其雠,不可从也。”光,吴公子阖庐也。反,复也。员曰:“彼将有他志,光欲弑僚,不利员用事,故破其议,而员亦知之。余姑为之求士,而鄙以待之。”计未得用,故进勇士以求入於光,退居边鄙。
  ○姑为,于伪反。乃见鱄设诸焉,鱄诸,勇士。
  ○见,贤遍反(fan)。鱄音专(zhuan)。

[疏]“乃见鱄设诸焉”。
  ○正义曰:见,谓为之(zhi)(zhi)绍(shao)介,使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)见光。下文齐(qi)豹见宗鲁於公孟亦(yi)然(ran)。犹《论语》云“门(men)人见之(zhi)(zhi)”也。

而耕於鄙。为二十七年吴弑僚传。
  ○弑,申志(zhi)反(fan)。

宋元公无信多私,而恶华、向。华定、华亥与向宁谋曰:“亡愈於死,先诸?”恐元公杀已,欲先作乱。
  ○恶,音恶路反。华亥伪有疾,以诱群公子。公子问之,则执之。夏六月丙申,杀父子寅、公子御戎、公子朱、公子固、公孙援、公孙丁,拘向胜、向行於其廪。八子皆公党。
  ○御,鱼吕反(fan),又如(ru)字。援,于养反(fan)。拘(ju),九于反(fan)。廪,力甚反(fan)。公(gong)如(ru)华(hua)氏请焉,弗许,遂劫(jie)之。劫(jie)公(gong)。

[疏]“公如华氏请焉”。
  ○正义曰(yue):公未知诸人已死,故犹往请之。

癸卯,取大子栾与母弟辰、公子地以为质。栾,景公也。辰及地皆元公弟。
  ○栾(luan),力官反。质(zhi),音致(zhi),下同。辰(chen)及(ji)地皆(jie)元公(gong)弟(di)。案公(gong)子辰(chen)是景公(gong)之(zhi)母弟(di),地是辰(chen)兄,皆(jie)当为元公(gong)之(zhi)子。今(jin)注皆(jie)作(zuo)“元公(gong)弟(di)”,误耳。

[疏]注“栾景”至“公弟”。
  ○正义曰:定十年经书“宋公之弟辰”,当景公之世,辰及(ji)弟不得为元(yuan)(yuan)公弟也(ye)。《世族谱(pu)》:“辰、地皆云(yun)元(yuan)(yuan)公子。”此诸本(ben)皆云(yun)“元(yuan)(yuan)公弟”。当时转写误耳。

公亦取开亥之子无慼、向宁之子罗、华定之子启,与华氏盟,以为质。为此冬华、向出奔传。
  ○慼,干历反。

卫公孟絷狎齐豹,公孟,灵公兄也。齐豹,齐恶之子,为卫司寇。狎,轻也。
  ○狎,户甲反。夺之司寇与鄄。鄄,豹邑。
  ○鄄音绢。有役则反之,无则取之。絷足不良,故有役则以官邑还豹使行。公孟恶北宫喜、褚师圃,欲去之。喜,贞子。
  ○恶,乌路反,褚,中吕反。圃,布五反。去,起吕反。公子朝通于襄夫人宣姜,宣姜,灵公嫡母。
  ○朝,如字。嫡,丁历反;本又作適。惧,而欲以作乱。故齐豹、北宫喜、褚师圃、公子朝作乱。初齐豹见宗鲁於公孟,荐,达也。
  ○见,贤遍反。为骖乘焉。为公孟骖乘。
  ○骖,七南反。乘,绳证反,注及下骖乘与乘一、乘驷、乘就、公乘皆同。将作乱,而谓之曰:“公孟之不善,子所知也,勿与乘,吾将杀之。”对曰:“吾由子事公孟,子假吾名焉,故不吾远也。言子借我以善名,故公孟亲近我。
  ○与音预,又如字。远,于迈反。借,子夜反。近,附近之近。虽其不善,吾亦知之;抑以利故,不能去,是吾过也。今闻难而逃,是僣子也。使子言不信也。
  ○难,乃旦反。僣,子念反。子行事(shi)乎,吾将死(si)之,以周(zhou)事(shi)子;周(zhou)犹终竟也。

[疏]注“周犹终竟也”。正义曰:杜(du)意终不(bu)泄子(zi)(zi)言(yan),是终事子(zi)(zi),即谓杀公孟之言(yan)。

而归死於公孟,其可也。”丙辰,卫侯在平寿。平寿,卫下邑。公孟有事於盖获之门外,有事,祭也。盖获,卫郭门。齐子氏帷於门外,而伏甲焉。齐豹之家。使祝鼃寘戈於车薪以当门,要其前也。
  ○鼃,乌娲反。寘,之豉反。要,一遥反。使一乘从公孟以出;亦如前车寘戈於薪,寻其后。
  ○从,如字,又才用反。使华齐御公孟,宗鲁骖乘。及闳中,闳,曲门中。
  ○华,户化反,下同。闳音(yin)宏。

[疏]“使华齐御公孟”。
  ○正义曰:诸本(ben)皆“华(hua)”上有(you)“使(shi)”字(zi),计华(hua)齐(qi)(qi)是公孟(meng)之臣,自为(wei)公孟(meng)之御,非(fei)齐(qi)(qi)氏(shi)所当使(shi),必不得有(you)使(shi)字(zi)。学(xue)者以(yi)上文有(you)“使(shi)祝鼃”,“使(shi)一乘”,下有(you)“使(shi)华(hua)寅(yin)(yin)乘贰(er)车”,使(shi)华(hua)寅(yin)(yin)执盖,以(yi)此妄加“使(shi)”字(zi)。今定本(ben)有(you)“使(shi)”,非(fei)也。

齐氏用戈击公孟,宗鲁以背蔽之,断肱,以中公孟之肩。皆杀之。公闻乱,乘,驱自阅门入。庆比御公,公南楚骖乘。使华寅乘贰车。公副车。
  ○断,丁管反(fan)。肱,古弘反(fan)。中,丁仲反(fan),下中南楚同。乘驱,如(ru)字,又(you)绳证(zheng)反(fan)。阅音(yin)悦。比如(ru)字,又(you)毗志反(fan)。

[疏]“乘驱自阅门”。
  ○正义曰(yue):乘驱(qu)者(zhe),乘车而疾驱(qu)也。阅门(men)者(zhe),卫城门(men),盖(gai)偏(pian)侧之门(men),其路(lu)远齐氏。

及公宫,鸿众2魋驷乘于公。鸿众2复就公乘,一车四人。
  ○众2音留。魋,徒回反。复,扶又反。公载宝以出。褚师子申遇公于马路之衢,遂从。从公出。
  ○衢,其俱反。从,才用反,注及下注同。过齐氏,使华寅肉袒,执盖以当其阙,肉袒,示不敢与齐氏争。执盖,蔽公而去。阙,空也。以盖当侍从空阙之处。
  ○袒,徒旱反。争,争斗之争。处,昌虑反。齐氏射公,中南楚之背,公遂出。寅闭郭门,不欲令追者出。
  ○射,食亦反。令,力呈反。逾而从公。逾郭出。
  ○从,才用反,又如字,下从公同。公如死鸟。死鸟,卫地。析朱鉏宵从窦出,徒行从公。朱鉏,成子黑背孙。
  ○析,星历反。鉏,仕居反。窦音豆。齐侯使公孙青聘于卫。青,顷公之孙。
  ○顷音倾。既出,闻卫乱,使请所聘。公曰:“犹在竟内,则卫君也。”乃将事焉,将事,行聘事。
  ○竟音境。遂从诸死鸟。请将事。辞曰:“亡人不佞,失守社稷,越在草莽,吾子无所辱君命。”宾曰:“寡君命下臣於朝曰:‘阿下执事。’阿,比也。命已使比卫臣下。
  ○莽,莫荡反。臣不敢贰。”贰,违命也。主人曰:“君若惠顾先君之好,昭临敝邑,镇抚其社稷,则有宗祧在。”言受聘当在宗庙也。
  ○好,呼报反。祧,他彫反。乃止。止,不行聘事。卫侯固请见之。欲以青相见。不获命,以其良马见,以为相见之礼。
  ○马见,贤遍反,下注容礼见同。为未致使故也。未致使,故不敢以客礼见。
  ○为,于伪反(fan)。使,所吏反(fan),注同。

[疏]注“未致”至“礼见”。
  ○正义曰(yue):客(ke)礼见(jian)者,若(ruo)已(yi)致君命,则享(xiang)有庭实,复有私觌私面(mian)之礼。今为(wei)未(wei)致使,故但(dan)以(yi)良马见(jian)也。

卫侯以为乘马。喜其敬己,故贵其物。
  ○乘,绳证反,又如字。宾将掫,掫,行夜。
  ○掫(zou),侧九反,又(you)祖侯反。行,下(xia)孟反。

[疏]注“掫,行夜”。
  ○正义曰:下云(yun)“终夕与於燎(liao)”。故知掫是行夜也。《说(shuo)文》云(yun):“掫,夜戒有所击也。从(cong)手取声”。

主人辞曰:“亡人之忧,不可以及吾子;草莽之中,不足以辱从者。敢辞。”宾曰:“寡君之下臣,君之牧圉也。若不获扞外役,是不有寡君也。有,相亲有。
  ○从,才用反。圉,鱼吕反。扞,户旦反。臣惧不免於戾,请以除死。”亲执铎,终夕与於燎。设火燎以备守。
  ○铎,待洛(luo)反。与(yu)(yu)音预,下不与(yu)(yu)闻(wen)谋(mou)、与(yu)(yu)於青之赏同。燎,九召反。又力吊反。一(yi)本(ben)作终(zhong)夕与(yu)(yu)於燎。齐氏之宰(zai)渠子(zi)召北(bei)宫(gong)子(zi)。北(bei)宫(gong)喜(xi)(xi)也。北(bei)宫(gong)氏之宰(zai)不与(yu)(yu)闻(wen)谋(mou),杀渠子(zi),遂伐(fa)齐氏,灭之。丁(ding)巳晦,公入,与(yu)(yu)北(bei)宫(gong)喜(xi)(xi)盟于(yu)彭水之上。喜(xi)(xi)本(ben)与(yu)(yu)齐氏同谋(mou),故公先与(yu)(yu)喜(xi)(xi)盟。

[疏]“丁巳晦”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:丙辰丁巳(si)乃是(shi)频日(ri),其(qi)事(shi)既多,不(bu)应二(er)日(ri)之中并(bing)为(wei)此事(shi)。今(jin)杜(du)(du)不(bu)云日(ri)误者,以(yi)误在(zai)可知,故杜(du)(du)不(bu)言。且宣二(er)年(nian)(nian)“壬(ren)(ren)申,朝于武(wu)官”。注云:“壬(ren)(ren)申,十(shi)月(yue)(yue)五日(ri)。既有日(ri)而(er)无(wu)月(yue)(yue),冬又在(zai)壬(ren)(ren)申下(xia)(xia),明(ming)传文(wen)无(wu)较例(li)。”又注哀十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)传云:“此事(shi),经(jing)在(zai)‘十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)螽(zhong)’上,今(jin)倒在(zai)下(xia)(xia),更具(ju)列(lie)其(qi)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)为(wei)别者,丘明(ming)本不(bu)以(yi)为(wei)义(yi)(yi)例(li),故不(bu)皆齐同。”如杜(du)(du)此言,或传因(yin)简(jian)牍之辞,不(bu)复具(ju)显其(qi)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)。刘炫以(yi)为(wei)日(ri)误而(er)规(gui)杜(du)(du)氏,非也。

秋七月戊午朔,遂盟国人。八月辛亥(hai),公(gong)子朝、褚师圃、子玉霄、子高鲂(fang)出(chu)奔晋。皆齐氏党。闰(run)月戊辰,杀宣姜。与公(gong)子朝通谋(mou)故。卫侯(hou)赐(ci)北宫喜谥(shi)曰贞子,灭齐氏故。

[疏]“贞子”。
  ○正义曰:谥(shi)法“外内用情(qing)曰贞”。

赐析朱鉏(chu)谥(shi)曰成子,霄从(cong)公(gong)故。而以齐氏之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)予之(zhi)(zhi)。皆未(wei)死而赐谥(shi)及墓(mu)田,传(chuan)终而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。卫侯告宁(ning)于齐,且言(yan)子石。子石,公(gong)孙青,言(yan)其(qi)有礼。

[疏]注“子石公孙青”。
  ○正义曰:案《世本》,倾(qing)公生子(zi)夏胜,胜生子(zi)石(shi)青是(shi)也。

齐侯将饮酒,徧赐大夫曰:“二三子之教也。”喜青敬卫侯。
  ○徧音遍。苑何忌辞,曰:“与於青之赏,必及于其罚。何忌,齐大夫。言青若有罪,亦当并受其罚。
  ○苑,於元反。在《康诰》曰(yue),父子兄弟,罪不相及,《尚书(shu)·康诰》。

[疏]“在康”至“相及”。
  ○正义曰:此(ci)非(fei)《康诰》之(zhi)全文,引其(qi)(qi)意(yi)而言之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)本文云(yun):“子(zi)弗(fu)祗(zhi)服厥(jue)父事,大(da)伤厥(jue)考心。于父不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)字(zi)厥(jue)子(zi),乃疾厥(jue)子(zi)。于弟弗(fu)念天显,乃弗(fu)克(ke)恭厥(jue)兄;兄亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)念鞠子(zi)哀(ai),大(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)友于弟。惟(wei)吊兹(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)于我(wo)政人(ren)(ren)得罪。”孔(kong)安(an)国云(yun):“至(zhi)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慈(ci)弗(fu)友不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)於我(wo)执政之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)得罪乎!道教(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)所致(zhi)。”又(you)(you)曰:“文王作罚,刑(xing)兹(zi)无(wu)赦(she)。”言刑(xing)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慈(ci)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)无(wu)赦(she)也(ye)。刑(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慈(ci)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可刑(xing)其(qi)(qi)父又(you)(you)刑(xing)其(qi)(qi)子(zi);刑(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可刑(xing)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)又(you)(you)刑(xing)其(qi)(qi)父。是(shi)为父子(zi)兄弟,罪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相及。

况在群臣?臣敢贪君赐以干先王?”言受赐,则犯《康诰》之义。琴张闻宗鲁死,琴张,孔子弟子,字子开,名牢。
  ○牢(lao),力(li)刀反。

[疏]注“琴张”至“名牢”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):《家(jia)语》云(yun)“孔(kong)子弟子琴(qin)张(zhang)与(yu)宗鲁友”。《七十子篇(pian)》云(yun),“琴(qin)牢卫人,字子开,一字张(zhang)”,则(ze)以字配姓(xing)为琴(qin)张(zhang),即(ji)牢曰(yue)子云(yun)是(shi)也。贾逵、郑众皆(jie)以为子张(zhang)即(ji)颛孙师。服虔云(yun):案《七十子传(chuan)》云(yun),子张(zhang)少(shao)孔(kong)子四十馀岁,孔(kong)子是(shi)时四十一,未(wei)有子张(zhang)。郑、贾之说,不知所出。

将往吊之。仲尼曰:“齐豹之盗,而孟絷之贼,女何吊焉?言齐豹所以为盗,孟絷所以见贼,皆由宗鲁。
  ○女音汝。君子不食奸,如公孟不善而受其禄,是食奸也。不受乱,许豹行事,是受乱也不为利疚於回,疚,病;回,邪也。以利故不能去,是病身於邪。
  ○为,于伪反。疚,居又反。邪似嗟反,下同。不以回待人,知难不告,是以邪待人。
  ○难,乃旦反,下(xia)同。不盖(gai)不义,以(yi)周(zhou)事豹,是盖(gai)不义。不犯非(fei)礼。”以(yi)二心事絷,是非(fei)礼。

宋华、向之乱,公子城、平公子。公孙忌、乐舍、舍,乐喜孙。司马彊、向宜、向郑、宜、郑皆向戌子。楚建、楚平王之亡大子。郳甲小邾穆公子。
  ○郳,五兮反。出奔郑。八子,宋大夫。皆公党,辟难出。其徒与华氏战于鬼阎,八子之徒众也。颍川长平县西北有阎亭。
  ○阎(yan),似廉反(fan),又似冉反(fan)。败子(zi)城(cheng)。子(zi)城(cheng)適晋(jin)。子(zi)城(cheng)为(wei)华氏所败,别走(zou)至晋(jin)。为(wei)明年子(zi)城(cheng)以晋(jin)师至起本。

[疏]“子城適晋”。
  ○正义曰:上云八子奔(ben)(ben)郑(zheng)(zheng)。而此又云適晋者(zhe),子城(cheng)本意与(yu)七子同心奔(ben)(ben)郑(zheng)(zheng),故上云奔(ben)(ben)郑(zheng)(zheng)。及其败后,遂(sui)率意適晋以请师。

华亥与其妻,必盥而食所质公子者,而后食。公与夫人每日必適华氏,食公子而后归。华亥患之,欲归公子。向宁曰:“唯不信,故质其子。若又归之,死无日矣。”公请於华费遂,将攻华氏。费遂,大司马,华氏族。
  ○盥,古缓反。而食音嗣,下食公子同。质音致,下同。费,扶味反。对曰:“臣不敢爱死,无乃求去忧而滋长乎!恐杀大子,忧益长。
  ○去,起吕反。长,丁丈反,注及下同。臣是以惧,敢不听命?”公曰:“子死亡有命,余不忍其訽。”訽,耻也。
  ○訽,许候反,本或作诟,同。

[疏]“子死”至“其訽”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:言(yan)我(wo)(wo)子死亡,自有天命。天命欲尽(jin),非人所免。我(wo)(wo)不忍其耻。欲丧子以(yi)伐之。

冬十月,公杀华、向之质而攻之。戊辰,华、向奔陈,华登奔吴。登,费遂之子,党华、向者。向宁欲杀大子。华亥曰:“干君而出,又杀其子,其谁纳我?且归之有庸。”可以为功善。使少司寇牼以归,以三公子归公也。牼,华亥。庶兄。
  ○少,诗照反,下注少皞同。牼,苦耕反。曰:“子之齿长矣,不能事人。以三公子为质,必免。”质,信也。送公子归,可以自明不叛之信。
  ○质,如字,注同。

[疏]“不能事人”。
  ○正义曰:言年齿既长,不能他国事人为臣。

公子既入,华牼将自门行。从公门去。公遽见之,执其手,曰:“余知而无罪也,入,复而所。”而,女也。所,所居官。
  ○遽,其(qi)据反。女音汝。

齐侯疥,遂痁,痁,疟疾。
  ○疥,旧音戒,梁元(yuan)帝(di)音该,依(yi)字(zi)则当作痎(jie)。《说(shuo)文》云,两日一发(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)疟也。痎(jie)音皆,后学之(zhi)(zhi)徒佥(qian)以戒字(zi)为(wei)(wei)误。案传例(li)因事曰遂,若痎(jie)巳是(shi)疟疾(ji),何(he)为(wei)(wei)复言(yan)遂痁乎?痁,失(shi)廉(lian)反。

[疏]“齐侯疥遂痁”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):后(hou)魏之世,尝(chang)使李绘聘(pin)梁。梁人袁狎与绘言(yan)(yan)及《春秋》说此事云,疥(jie)(jie)当为(wei)痎(jie),痎(jie)是小(xiao)(xiao)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve),痁(dian)是大疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)。<疒尔>患积久,以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)致大,非疥(jie)(jie)也(ye)。狎之所(suo)言(yan)(yan),梁王之说也(ye)。案《说文》疥(jie)(jie),搔也(ye)。疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve),热寒休作(zuo)(zuo)。痁(dian)有热疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)。痎(jie),二(er)日(ri)一(yi)发(fa)(fa)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)。今人疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)有二(er)日(ri)一(yi)发(fa)(fa),亦有频日(ri)发(fa)(fa)者(zhe),俗人仍呼二(er)日(ri)一(yi)发(fa)(fa)。久不(bu)差者(zhe)为(wei)痎(jie)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve),则梁王之言(yan)(yan)信而有徵也(ye)。是齐(qi)侯(hou)之疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve),初(chu)二(er)日(ri)一(yi)发(fa)(fa)。后(hou)遂频日(ri)热发(fa)(fa),故曰(yue)疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian)。以(yi)此久不(bu)差,故诸(zhu)侯(hou)之宾问疾者(zhe)多(duo)在齐(qi)也(ye)。若其(qi)不(bu)然,疥(jie)(jie)搔小(xiao)(xiao)患,与疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)不(bu)类,何云疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian)乎?徐仙(xian)民音作(zuo)(zuo)疥(jie)(jie),是先儒旧说皆(jie)为(wei)疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian),初(chu)疥(jie)(jie)后(hou)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)(nve)耳。今定本亦作(zuo)(zuo)疥(jie)(jie)。

期而不瘳。诸侯之宾问疾者多在。多在齐。
  ○期(qi)音基。瘳,敕(chi)留反。

[疏]“期而”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:期(qi),三百(bai)有六(liu)(liu)旬又(you)六(liu)(liu)日,法(fa)天数三百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十五度四分(fen)度之一。帝言闰(run)从(cong)全数,故言三百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十又(you)六(liu)(liu)日,合五百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十五日又(you)四分(fen)度之一分(fen),欠三分(fen)不成六(liu)(liu)日。大月却(que)还(hai)天期(qi)十度,小月不尽置(zhi)闰(run)。

梁丘据与裔款二子,齐嬖大夫。
  ○裔,以制反。嬖,必计反。言於公曰:“吾事鬼神丰,於先君有加矣。今君疾病,为诸侯忧,是祝、史之罪也。诸侯不知,其谓我不敬,君盍诛於祝固、史嚚以辞宾?”欲杀嚚、固以辞谢来问疾之宾。
  ○盍,户腊反。嚚,鱼(yu)巾反。

[疏]注“欲杀嚚固”。
  ○正义曰:服虔云:祝(zhu)固(gu)(gu)(gu),齐大祝(zhu),史嚚(yin),大史也。谓祝(zhu)史之(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)陋嚚(yin)闇(an),不能尽(jin)礼(li)荐美,至於鬼(gui)神(shen)怒也。其意以为请(qing)诛祝(zhu)史之(zhi)(zhi)嚚(yin)闇(an)固(gu)(gu)(gu)陋者,嚚(yin)、固(gu)(gu)(gu)非(fei)人名(ming)也。案,庄三十二年(nian),“神(shen)降於莘。虢公使祝(zhu)应、宗(zong)区、史嚚(yin)享焉(yan)。”彼是(shi)人名(ming),则此(ci)亦名(ming)也。《世(shi)族谱》齐杂(za)人内有祝(zhu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)、史嚚(yin)。此(ci)云欲(yu)杀嚚(yin)、固(gu)(gu)(gu),是(shi)杜必以为人名(ming)也。

公说,告晏子。晏子曰:“日宋之盟,日,往日也。宋盟在襄二十七年。
  ○说音悦。屈建问范会之德於赵武。赵武曰:‘夫子之家事治;言於晋国,竭情无私。其祝、史祭祀,陈信不愧;其家事无猜,其祝、史不祈。’家无猜疑之事,故祝史无求於鬼神。
  ○屈,居勿反。治,直吏反。愧,九位(wei)反,本又(you)作媿。猜,七才(cai)反。

[疏]“晏子曰”至“不祈”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:彼传(chuan)赵武(wu)对曰,“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)家事(shi)治;言(yan)於晋国,无隐情。其祝、史陈信於鬼神无愧辞”。此(ci)晏子(zi)(zi)言(yan)之(zhi),其辞微多於彼,其意亦不异也。

建以语康王。楚王。
  ○语,鱼据反。康王曰:“神(shen)、人无怨,宜夫子(zi)之光辅(fu)五(wu)君(jun)以为诸(zhu)侯主也。”五(wu)君(jun),文、襄、灵(ling)、成、景。

[疏]“光辅五君”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:文公(gong)为戎右,襄、灵为大(da)夫,成公(gong)为卿(qing),景(jing)公(gong)为大(da)傅。

公曰(yue):“据与款谓寡人能事鬼神,故(gu)欲诛(zhu)于祝、史(shi)(shi),子称是语,何故(gu)?”对曰(yue):“若(ruo)有德(de)之君(jun),外内不废,无废事。上(shang)下无怨,动无违事,其祝、史(shi)(shi)荐信,无愧(kui)心矣(yi)。君(jun)有功(gong)德(de),祝史(shi)(shi)陈说之,无所愧(kui)。

[疏]“上下无怨”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:此犹如《孝经(jing)》“上(shang)下(xia)无(wu)怨(yuan)(yuan)也”。言人(ren)臣及民,上(shang)下(xia)无(wu)相(xiang)怨(yuan)(yuan)耳。服(fu)虔云:上(shang)下(xia)谓人(ren)、神无(wu)怨(yuan)(yuan)。即如服(fu)言,下(xia)云“上(shang)下(xia)怨(yuan)(yuan)疾”,复是人(ren)与神相(xiang)怨(yuan)(yuan)疾也。

是以鬼神用飨,国受其福,祝、史与焉。与受国福。
  ○与焉音预,注同,下祝史与焉亦同。其所以蕃祉老寿者,为信君使也,其言忠信於鬼神。其適遇淫君,外内颇邪,上下怨疾,动作辟违,从欲厌私,使私情厌足。
  ○蕃音烦。祉音耻。为,于伪反,又如字,下为暴君使同。颇,普何反。邪,似嗟反。辟,匹亦反。从,子用反,下淫从同,或音如字。厌,於艳反,注同。高台深池,撞锺舞女。斩刈民力,输掠其聚,掠,夺取也。
  ○撞,直江(jiang)反(fan)(fan)。刈(yi),本又作艾,鱼废反(fan)(fan)。掠音(yin)亮,聚(ju)才住反(fan)(fan),又如字。

[疏]“输掠其聚”。
  ○正义曰:输,堕(duo)(duo)也。故为(wei)堕(duo)(duo)毁,夺其所聚之物(wu)。

以成(cheng)其违,不恤(xu)后人(ren)。暴虐淫从,肆行非度,无所(suo)还忌(ji),还犹(you)顾也。

[疏]“肆行非度”。
  ○正义曰:肆,纵恣也。恣意行非(fei)法度之事也。

不思谤讟,不惮鬼神。神怒民痛,无悛於心。其祝、史荐信,是言罪也;以实白神,是为言君之罪。
  ○讟,徒(tu)木反。悛,七全反。

[疏]“不思谤讟”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:俗本作(zuo)畏,定本作(zuo)思。

其盖失数美,是矫诬也。盖,掩也。
  ○数,所主反。矫,居表(biao)反。

[疏]“其盖”至“诬也”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:掩盖愆失,妄数美善(shan),是矫诈诬罔(wang)也。

进退无辞,则虚以求媚。作虚辞以求媚於神。
  ○媚,眉记反。是以鬼神不飨其国以祸之,祝、史与焉。所以天昏孤疾者,为暴君使也,其言僣嫚於鬼神。”公曰:“然则若之何?”对曰:“不可为也:言非诛祝、史所能治。
  ○僣,子念反,下僣令同。嫚,武谏反。山林之木,衡鹿守之;泽之萑蒲,舟鲛守之;薮之薪蒸,虞候守之;海之盐、蜃,祈望守之。衡鹿、舟鲛、虞候、祈望,皆官名也。言公专守山泽之利,不与民共。
  ○萑音(yin)丸。鲛(jiao)音(yin)交。薮(sou),素口反(fan)(fan)。蒸,之(zhi)丞(cheng)反(fan)(fan)。粗曰薪,细曰蒸。蜃(shen),巿轸反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]注“衡鹿”至“民共”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼》,司徒之(zhi)(zhi)属,有林(lin)衡之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),掌巡林(lin)麓(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)禁。郑玄云:“衡,平也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。平林(lin)麓(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)及所(suo)生(sheng)者。竹木生(sheng)平地曰林(lin),山(shan)足曰麓(lu)。”此(ci)置(zhi)衡鹿之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan),守山(shan)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)木,是其宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。舟(zhou)是行水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)器,鲛是大(da)(da)鱼之(zhi)(zhi)名。泽(ze)(ze)中有水(shui)(shui)有鱼,故以(yi)(yi)舟(zhou)鲛为(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼》山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)名为(wei)虞,“每大(da)(da)泽(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)薮,中士四人”。郑玄云,虞,度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。度知山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)及所(suo)生(sheng)者。泽(ze)(ze),水(shui)(shui)所(suo)锺(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),水(shui)(shui)希曰薮。则薮是少水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)泽(ze)(ze),立官(guan)(guan)(guan)使之(zhi)(zhi)候望,故以(yi)(yi)虞候为(wei)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。海(hai)是水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)神(shen),有时祈望祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)以(yi)(yi)祈望为(wei)主海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)皆(jie)齐(qi)自立名,故与(yu)《周礼》不同。山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)利当与(yu)民共(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)公立此(ci)官(guan)(guan)(guan),使之(zhi)(zhi)守掌,专山(shan)泽(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)利,不与(yu)民共(gong),故鬼神(shen)怒(nu)而加(jia)病也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

县鄙之人,入从其政;逼介之关,暴征其私;介,隔也。迫近国都之关。言边鄙既入服政役,又为近关所征税相暴,夺其私物。
  ○其政,如字(zi),一(yi)音(yin)征。逼,彼力反。介音(yin)界。近,附近之近。

[疏]注“介隔”至“私物”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《聘礼(li)》“及竟(jing)谒(ye)关(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)”,郑(zheng)玄云(yun)(yun):“古者竟(jing)上(shang)为(wei)关(guan)(guan)(guan)。”又《周礼(li)·司关(guan)(guan)(guan)》注云(yun)(yun)“关(guan)(guan)(guan),界上(shang)之门”。然(ran)则礼(li)之正(zheng)法,国之竟(jing)界之上(shang)乃有关(guan)(guan)(guan)耳,自竟(jing)至(zhi)国更无(wu)关(guan)(guan)(guan)也。齐於竟(jing)内更复置关(guan)(guan)(guan),不与常礼(li)同,以隔外内,故注介(jie)为(wei)隔也。迫近(jin)国都为(wei)关(guan)(guan)(guan),以隔边鄙之人(ren)(ren)。县(xian)鄙之人(ren)(ren)入(ru)从(cong)国之政役,近(jin)关(guan)(guan)(guan)又征税,夺(duo)其私物而使民困也。

承嗣大夫,强易其贿。承嗣大夫,世位者。
  ○强,其丈反(fan)(fan)。贿,呼罪反(fan)(fan)。布常(chang)无艺,艺,法(fa)制也。言布政无法(fa)制。

[疏]“布(bu)(bu)常无(wu)艺”。正义曰(yue):布(bu)(bu)其(qi)寻常之政(zheng),无(wu)准艺。

徵敛无度;宫室日更,淫乐不违。违,去也。内宠之妾,肆夺於巿;肆,放也。外宠之臣,僣令於鄙。诈为教令於边鄙。私欲养求,不给则应。养,长也。所求不给则应之以罪。
  ○应(ying),应(ying)对之应(ying),注同。长(zhang),丁丈反。

[疏]“私欲”至“则应”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:言(yan)此嬖宠之臣,私有所欲,长养其情,求物共之,民不共给(ji),则应之以罪。

民人苦病,夫妇皆诅。祝有益也,诅亦有损。聊、摄以东,聊、摄,齐西界也。平原聊城县东北有摄城。
  ○诅(zu),庄虑反。祝,之(zhi)又反,下善(shan)祝同。姑、尢以西,姑、尢齐东(dong)界也。姑水(shui)、尢水(shui)皆在(zai)城阳郡东(dong)南入海(hai)。

[疏]“聊摄”至“以西”。
  ○正义曰:聊、摄(she)、姑、尢皆是(shi)邑也。管仲夸楚,言(yan)(yan)其竟界所至,故远举河海也。晏子言(yan)(yan)其人多,故唯举属邑言(yan)(yan)之也。

其为人也多矣。虽其善祝,岂能胜亿兆人之诅?万万曰亿,万亿曰兆。
  ○亿,於力反。君若欲诛於祝、史,脩德而后可。”公说,使有司宽政,毁关,去禁,薄敛,已责。除逋责。
  ○说音(yin)悦。去(qu),起吕(lv)反(fan),下以(yi)去(qu)其否同。敛,力验反(fan)。责本又作债,同。逋,布(bu)胡(hu)反(fan)。

十二月,齐侯田于沛,言疾愈行猎。沛,泽名。
  ○沛音贝。招虞人以弓,不进。虞人,掌山泽之官。公使执之。辞曰:“昔我先君之田也,旃以招大夫,弓以招士,皮冠以招虞人。臣不见皮冠,故不敢进。”乃舍之。仲尼曰:“守道不如守官。”君招当往,道之常也。非物不进,官之制也。
  ○旃,之然反。

[疏]“旃以”至“虞人”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《周礼》“孤(gu)卿建旃”,大夫(fu)尊,故麾旃以(yi)招(zhao)(zhao)之也。《逸诗》“翘(qiao)翘(qiao)车(che)乘,招(zhao)(zhao)我以(yi)弓(gong)”。古者(zhe),聘士以(yi)弓(gong),故弓(gong)以(yi)招(zhao)(zhao)土也。诸侯服皮冠以(yi)田,虞(yu)人掌田猎,故皮冠以(yi)招(zhao)(zhao)虞(yu)人也。

君子韪之。韪,是也。
  ○韪,于鬼反。齐侯至自田,晏子侍于遄台,子犹驰而造焉。子犹,梁丘据。
  ○田,本亦作佃,音同。遄,巿专反。造,七报反。公曰:“唯据与我和夫!”晏子对曰:“据亦同也,焉得为和?”公曰:“和与同异乎!”对曰:“异。和如羹焉,水、火、醯、醢、盐、梅,以烹鱼肉,燀之以薪,燀,炊也。
  ○夫(fu)音(yin)扶(fu)。焉,於虔反。羹音(yin)庚,旧音(yin)衡。醯,呼兮反。醢音(yin)海。烹(peng),普庚反,煮也。燀(chan),章善反,燃也。炊,昌垂反。

[疏]“醯醢盐梅”。
  ○正义曰(yue):醯(xi),酢也。醢,肉(rou)酱(jiang)也。梅,果实似(si)杏而(er)(er)醋(cu)。《礼(li)记(ji)·内则》炮豚之法云“调之以醯(xi)醢”,《尚书·说(shuo)命》云“若作(zuo)和羹,尔惟(wei)盐(yan)梅”。是(shi)古人调鼎用(yong)梅醢也。此说(shuo)和羹而(er)(er)不(bu)言豉,古人未有(you)(you)豉也。《礼(li)记(ji)·内则》、《楚(chu)辞·招魂》备论饮食而(er)(er)言不(bu)及(ji)豉。史(shi)游《急就篇》乃(nai)有(you)(you)芜荑(ti)盐(yan)豉。盖(gai)秦(qin)汉以来始为(wei)之耳。

宰夫和之,齐之以味,济其不及,以泄其过。济,益也。泄,减也。
  ○齐,才细反,又如(ru)字。泄,息列反。

[疏]“齐之”至“其过”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:齐之者(zhe),使酸咸適中(zhong),济益其(qi)味(wei),不足(zu)者(zhe),泄减其(qi)味(wei)大过者(zhe)。

君子食之,以平其心。君臣亦然。亦如羹君所谓可而有否焉,否,不可也。臣献其否,以成其可;献君之否,以成君可。君所谓否而有可焉,臣献其可,以去其否,是以政平而不干,民无争心。故《诗》曰:‘亦有和羹,既戒既平。《诗》颂殷中宗。言中宗能与贤者和齐可否,其政如羹,敬戒且平。和羹备五味,异於大羹。
  ○争,争斗之争。和、齐并如字,一读上户卧反,下才细反。鬷嘏无言,时靡有争。’鬷,緫也。嘏,大也。言緫大政能使上下皆如和羹。
  ○鬷,子工(gong)反(fan)(fan)。嘏(gu),古雅反(fan)(fan)。緫音(yin)揔。

[疏]“诗曰”至“有争”。
  ○正义曰:《诗》言殷王中宗非徒身自贤明,亦有和羹之臣,臣与其君可否相济,如宰夫之和齐羹也。此臣既敬戒其事矣,既志性和平矣。中宗裛齐大政,自上及下无怨恨之言,时民无有相争斗讼者也,言其上下悉如和羹。
  ○注“诗颂”至“大羹”。
  ○正义曰:《诗·商颂·列祖》之(zhi)篇,祀中(zhong)宗(zong)之(zhi)诗也。中(zhong)宗(zong),殷(yin)王大戊,汤之(zhi)玄(xuan)孙也。有(you)(you)桑穀之(zhi)异,惧(ju)而脩德,殷(yin)道复兴,故表显之(zhi)号为(wei)中(zhong)宗(zong)。殷(yin)人祭其庙,述其德,而歌此诗也。言(yan)亦有(you)(you)者(zhe),臣能谏君,君能改悔。亦者(zhe),两(liang)相(xiang)须之(zhi)意也。言(yan)中(zhong)宗(zong)能与臣之(zhi)贤者(zhe)和齐可否,其为(wei)政教,如宰(zai)夫和齐羹(geng)之(zhi)味也。敬(jing)戒(jie)且平,言(yan)此贤臣之(zhi)性行(xing)也。《乐记》云“大羹(geng)不(bu)和”。郑玄(xuan)云“大羹(geng)肉(rou)湆,不(bu)调以盐菜”。桓二年(nian)传云“大羹(geng)不(bu)致(zhi)”,注云:“大羹(geng)肉(rou)汁,不(bu)致(zhi)五味。”和羹(geng)备五味,异於(wu)大羹(geng)也。

注“鬷緫”至“和羹”。
  ○正义曰:鬷,总(zong)。嘏,大。《诗·毛传(chuan)》文(wen)也(ye)。言(yan)中宗为天(tian)子,总(zong)大政,能使上下皆如和羹(geng)焉。传(chuan)引(yin)此诗,证民无争心,则以时(shi)靡有争,谓时(shi)无有争也(ye)。

先王之济五味、济,成也。和五声也,以平其心,成其政也。声亦如味,一气,须气以动。
  ○一气(qi)(qi),杜解以为人气(qi)(qi)也。服云,歌气(qi)(qi)也。

[疏]“一气”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:服虔(qian)云,歌气(qi)也。杜言,须气(qi)以动(dong)(dong)。则(ze)一气(qi)不(bu)(bu)主为歌吹。人(ren)以气(qi)生(sheng),动(dong)(dong)皆由气(qi),弹丝(si)、击石莫不(bu)(bu)用(yong)气(qi),气(qi)是作(zuo)(zuo)乐之(zhi)主,故(gu)先言之(zhi)。人(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)诸乐皆须气(qi)以动(dong)(dong),则(ze)与(yu)服不(bu)(bu)异。

二体(ti),舞者有文武。

[疏]“二体”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:乐之(zhi)动身(shen)体者(zhe),唯(wei)有(you)舞耳。文(wen)舞,执羽籥(yue);武舞,执干(gan)戚。舞者(zhe),有(you)文(wen)武之(zhi)二(er)体。

三(san)类,风、雅、颂。

[疏]“三类”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:乐以歌诗(shi)为主(zhu),《诗(shi)》有(you)风、雅(ya)、颂(song)(song),其类各(ge)别。知三(san)类是风、雅(ya)、颂(song)(song)也(ye)。一国之事(shi),诸侯之诗(shi)为风,天下之事(shi),天子之诗(shi)为雅(ya),成功告(gao)神为颂(song)(song)。是三(san)者(zhe),类别各(ge)不同(tong)。

四(si)物,杂用四(si)方之物以成器。

[疏]“四物”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):乐之(zhi)所(suo)用八音之(zhi)器金(jin)、石、丝、竹、匏、土(tu)、革(ge)、木,其物非一处能备,故杂用四方之(zhi)物以(yi)成器。

五声,宫、商、角、徵、羽。
  ○五声,宫为君(jun),商为臣,角为民(min),徵为事,羽为物(wu)。徵,张(zhang)里反。

[疏]“五声”。
  ○正义曰:《汉书·律历志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):五(wu)声(sheng)者(zhe),“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作乐(le)者(zhe),谐八(ba)(ba)音(yin),荡涤人之(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),令其(qi)正性,移(yi)风(feng)易俗(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。五(wu)声(sheng)和,八(ba)(ba)音(yin)谐,而(er)乐(le)成。商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。物成熟可章(zhang)度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。角(jiao),触(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),物触(chu)地而(er)出,戴芒角(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),中也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),居中央,畅四(si)(si)方,唱始生(sheng),为(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)声(sheng)纲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。徵(zhi)(zhi),祉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),物盛大而(er)藩祉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。羽(yu)(yu)(yu),宇(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),物聚(ju)宇(yu)(yu)而(er)覆之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫声(sheng)者(zhe),中於(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),触(chu)於(wu)角(jiao),祉於(wu)徵(zhi)(zhi),章(zhang)於(wu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),宇(yu)(yu)於(wu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)四(si)(si)声(sheng)为(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)纪(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是五(wu)声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)名义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)浊(zhuo)(zhuo),凡(fan)有五(wu)品(pin),自然之(zhi)(zhi)理也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。圣人配於(wu)五(wu)方,宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)居其(qi)中,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)配四(si)(si)方。四(si)(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)物,春(chun)生(sheng),夏长,秋成,冬聚(ju),取其(qi)事(shi)而(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》又(you)云(yun)(yun):“五(wu)声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)本,生(sheng)黄(huang)锺之(zhi)(zhi)律。九寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),或益(yi)(yi)或损,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)。九六相(xiang)生(sheng),阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)应也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《乐(le)记》云(yun)(yun):“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)君,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)臣(chen),角(jiao)为(wei)(wei)民,徵(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)事(shi),羽(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)物。”《月令》,“春(chun)其(qi)音(yin)角(jiao),夏其(qi)音(yin)徵(zhi)(zhi),中央土其(qi)音(yin)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),秋其(qi)音(yin)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),冬其(qi)音(yin)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)”。郑玄云(yun)(yun),“声(sheng)始於(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)数(shu)(shu)八(ba)(ba)十一(yi)(yi),属(shu)土,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)最浊(zhuo)(zhuo),君之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)徵(zhi)(zhi),徵(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)五(wu)十四(si)(si),属(shu)火(huo),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)微清(qing)(qing),事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)徵(zhi)(zhi)益(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)数(shu)(shu)七十二属(shu)金(jin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)浊(zhuo)(zhuo)次宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)去一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)羽(yu)(yu)(yu),羽(yu)(yu)(yu)数(shu)(shu)四(si)(si)十八(ba)(ba),属(shu)水以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)最清(qing)(qing),物之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)益(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)角(jiao),角(jiao)数(shu)(shu)六十四(si)(si),属(shu)木,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)清(qing)(qing)浊(zhuo)(zhuo)中,民之(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》言(yan)或损或益(yi)(yi)者(zhe),下生(sheng)三(san)分(fen)(fen)损一(yi)(yi),上生(sheng)三(san)分(fen)(fen)益(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)。九六相(xiang)生(sheng)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九生(sheng)六,是三(san)损一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六生(sheng)九是三(san)益(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。损益(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),清(qing)(qing)浊(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),无可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)准;况以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)锺九寸(cun)(cun)自乘为(wei)(wei)九九八(ba)(ba)十一(yi)(yi),定之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)数(shu)(shu),因宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)损益(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),言(yan)其(qi)相(xiang)校(xiao)如(ru)此数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),唯相(xiang)准况耳(er),非言(yan)实有此数(shu)(shu)可用之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

六律,黄锺、大蔟、姑洗、蕤宾、夷则、无射也。阳声为律,阴声为吕。此十二月气。
  ○大音泰。蔟,七豆反。蕤,人谁反。射音亦。

[疏]“六律”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰:《周礼(li)》“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)师掌(zhang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合阴(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。阳(yang)(yang)(yang)声(sheng):黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)、姑(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)、蕤宾(bin)(bin)、夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)、无(wu)射(she);阴(yin)(yin)(yin)声(sheng):大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。《月(yue)(yue)令》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。《律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)历(li)志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun),律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)有十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)。阳(yang)(yang)(yang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),阴(yin)(yin)(yin)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)使伶伦自大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西,昆仑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)(yin)(yin),取竹(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窍厚均(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),断两节间而(er)(er)(er)(er)吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫。制十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)筩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)听凤(feng)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸣,其(qi)(qi)雄鸣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),雌(ci)鸣亦六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)本。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),种也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中数(shu)五(wu)(wu),五(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)声(sheng),声(sheng)上宫,五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)莫(mo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)焉。地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中数(shu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)有形有色(se),色(se)上黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),五(wu)(wu)色(se)莫(mo)盛焉。故阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施种於(wu)(wu)(wu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)泉,滋萌万物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)元也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)名(ming)(ming)元气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),著宫声(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。始(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)子(zi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv):吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),旅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),旅助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宣气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)牙物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)丑,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu):蔟(cu),奏(zou)(zou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),奏(zou)(zou)地(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)达(da)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)寅,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)。夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),言(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夹(jia)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu),宣四(si)(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)出种物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)卯,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)。姑(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi):洗(xi)(xi)絜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)洗(xi)(xi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)辜(gu)絜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼注云(yun)(yun)“辜(gu),必也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)辰,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)月(yue)(yue)。仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),言(yan)(yan)微(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)始(shi)(shi)起未(wei)咸,著於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)中,旅助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)姑(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)宣气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齐物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)巳,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)。蕤宾(bin)(bin):蕤,继(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);宾(bin)(bin),道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),使继(ji)养物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)。林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):林(lin)(lin),君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)受(shou)任,助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蕤宾(bin)(bin)君(jun)主种物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)使长大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)茂盛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)未(wei),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)。夷(yi)(yi)则(ze):则(ze),法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法度而(er)(er)(er)(er)使阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夷(yi)(yi)当伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)申,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)七月(yue)(yue)。南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv):南(nan),任也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旅助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)任成万物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)酉,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)。无(wu)射(she):射(she),厌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)究物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)使阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毕剥落之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),终而(er)(er)(er)(er)复始(shi)(shi),无(wu)厌已(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)戌,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)。应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),言(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)应无(wu)射(she),该(gai)藏万物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)杂(za)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)阂种也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼注云(yun)(yun)“外闭曰阂”。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)亥,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)。是(shi)(shi)解(jie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如《志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),初(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吹其(qi)(qi)声(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)后则(ze)用铜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。《后汉书》章帝(di)时,零陵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学奚景於(wu)(wu)(wu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)冷道(dao)(dao)舜祠下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)得白玉管(guan),是(shi)(shi)古人或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《续汉书》云(yun)(yun),候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)室(shi)三(san)重(zhong),户闭,涂衅必周,密布缇缦於(wu)(wu)(wu)室(shi),中以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)案,每律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)各一,内痺外高(gao),从其(qi)(qi)方(fang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),加律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)其(qi)(qi)上,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葭莩灰(hui)实(shi)其(qi)(qi)端,案历(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至,则(ze)灰(hui)飞而(er)(er)(er)(er)管(guan)通,盖音声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)与天地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通,故取律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。《月(yue)(yue)令》,正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)“律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)”。郑玄云(yun)(yun),“律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中,犹应也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至,则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)应。应,谓(wei)(wei)吹灰(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)旧说然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)相生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),郑注《周礼(li)·大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)师》职云(yun)(yun):“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)(er),南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姑(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)三(san),沽洗(xi)(xi)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)三(san),应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蕤宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)四(si)(si),蕤宾(bin)(bin)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)四(si)(si),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五(wu)(wu),夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)五(wu)(wu),夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)无(wu)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),无(wu)射(she)又(you)(you)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。同(tong)(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)夫妻(qi),异位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)母(mu),所谓(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)取妻(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”子(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),子(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),五(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上,乃一终矣(yi)。郑玄云(yun)(yun),“同(tong)(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)夫妻(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er),南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,同(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)初(chu)二(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)夫妻(qi)。异位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)母(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er),初(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与二(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)数(shu)不同(tong)(tong),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)母(mu)。律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故云(yun)(yun)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)取妻(qi)。吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故云(yun)(yun)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)。言(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)、林(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、无(wu)射(she)、应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)子(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)、夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、姑(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)、仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、蕤宾(bin)(bin),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)子(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)上而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首,不是(shi)(shi)馀管(guan)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不入其(qi)(qi)数(shu)。上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)分益一,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)分减一,皆(jie)左旋(xuan)隔八而(er)(er)(er)(er)相生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”。

七音,周武王伐纣,自午及子凡七日。王因此以数合之,以声昭之,故以七同其数,以律和其声,谓之七音。
  ○七音,宫、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽(yu)、变(bian)宫、变(bian)徵(zhi)也。

[疏]“七音”。
  ○正义曰:声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清浊,数不(bu)(bu)过五,而(er)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)者(zhe),终五以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)更变为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。贾逵注《周语(yu)》云(yun)(yun):周有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin),谓(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv),谓(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器音(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),黄锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫,太蔟(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang),沽洗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao),林锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),南吕为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽,应锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变宫,蕤宾(bin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变徵(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai),更加(jia)(jia)变宫、变徵(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周语(yu)》云(yun)(yun):景王将(jiang)铸无射(she),问律(lv)(lv)於(wu)伶(ling)州鸠(jiu)。对曰:律(lv)(lv)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立均出度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)瞽,考中声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi),度(du)律(lv)(lv)均锺,百(bai)官轨仪,故先(xian)王贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王曰“七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)者(zhe)何(he)”?对曰:“昔武(wu)王伐殷(yin),岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑火(huo)(huo),月(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)驷(si)(si),日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析(xi)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津,辰(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)柄,星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)鼋。星(xing)(xing)(xing)与辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),皆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北维。我(wo)姬(ji)氏出自天(tian)鼋,则我(wo)皇妣大(da)姜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侄逢公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)冯神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),则我(wo)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)野(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),辰(chen)马农祥,我(wo)大(da)祖(zu)后稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)经纬(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王欲合是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五位(wei)三所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自鹑及(ji)驷(si)(si)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)列也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),南比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揆七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),凡神(shen)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昭(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),数合声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he),然后可(ke)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)(qi)(qi)数,而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言周乐有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五位(wei)者(zhe),岁(sui)(sui)、月(yue)(yue)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)、辰(chen)、星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)者(zhe),星(xing)(xing)(xing)与日(ri)(ri)(ri)、辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),武(wu)王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十二月(yue)(yue)二十八(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri)戊(wu)午(wu)发师,其(qi)(qi)(qi)年,岁(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)合宿(su)於(wu)房(fang)五度(du)。房(fang),即天(tian)驷(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)箕七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)度(du),箕於(wu)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析(xi)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)。斗(dou)(dou)柄,斗(dou)(dou)前(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戊(wu)午(wu)后三日(ri)(ri)(ri)得(de)(de)周二月(yue)(yue)辛酉朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)合宿(su)於(wu)箕十度(du),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)前(qian)一(yi)度(du),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辰(chen),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)柄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)鼋者(zhe),星(xing)(xing)(xing)於(wu)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水星(xing)(xing)(xing),辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)鼋即玄枵次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)婺女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su),其(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)鼋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)张星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),驷(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)房(fang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)宿(su)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)右旋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci),张、翼、轸、角(jiao)、亢、氐、房(fang)凡七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宿(su),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自鹑火(huo)(huo)至(zhi)驷(si)(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),列宿(su)有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑火(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)午(wu),天(tian)鼋在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi)(zi),斗(dou)(dou)柄所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)建(jian),月(yue)(yue)移(yi)一(yi)次(ci),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自午(wu)至(zhi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揆七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。揆,度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。度(du)量星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。武(wu)王既见天(tian)时如此(ci),因此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数比(bi)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)数有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昭(zhao)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦宜有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)(qi)(qi)数,五声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)变宫、变徵(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)二变者(zhe),旧乐无之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或不(bu)(bu)会,而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),调和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)使与五音(yin)(yin)谐(xie)会谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)。由(you)此(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),武(wu)王始加(jia)(jia)二变,周乐有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)耳,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)未有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。杜(du)言武(wu)王伐纣(zhou),自午(wu)及(ji)子(zi)(zi)凡七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe),《尚书·泰誓》云(yun)(yun),“戊(wu)午(wu),王次(ci)于(yu)河朔”。又《牧誓》云(yun)(yun):“时甲(jia)(jia)子(zi)(zi)昧爽,王朝至(zhi)于(yu)商(shang)(shang)郊牧野(ye),乃誓。”又《武(wu)成》云(yun)(yun):“戊(wu)午(wu),师逾(yu)孟津。癸亥,陈于(yu)商(shang)(shang)郊。”甲(jia)(jia)子(zi)(zi)受(shou)率其(qi)(qi)(qi)旅若林,“前(qian)徒(tu)倒戈,攻于(yu)后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)北,血流(liu)漂杵,一(yi)戎衣,天(tian)下(xia)大(da)定”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自戊(wu)午(wu)至(zhi)甲(jia)(jia)子(zi)(zi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫云(yun)(yun):杜(du)既取《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)(qi)(qi)数,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)和(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)又云(yun)(yun)自午(wu)及(ji)子(zi)(zi)凡七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)乎?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杜(du)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)王为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故,而(er)作乐用七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。违《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杜(du)说谬。今知不(bu)(bu)然者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尚书》、《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》俱有(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义,事得(de)(de)两通,故杜(du)兼(jian)而(er)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)杜(du)背《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)而(er)规杜(du)过,非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

八风,八方之风。
  ○八风(feng)(feng)(feng),《易纬·通卦验》云,东(dong)北(bei)(bei)曰(yue)(yue)条风(feng)(feng)(feng),东(dong)方曰(yue)(yue)明庶风(feng)(feng)(feng),东(dong)南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)清明风(feng)(feng)(feng),南(nan)(nan)方曰(yue)(yue)景风(feng)(feng)(feng),西南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)凉风(feng)(feng)(feng),西风(feng)(feng)(feng)曰(yue)(yue)阊阖风(feng)(feng)(feng),西北(bei)(bei)曰(yue)(yue)不周(zhou)风(feng)(feng)(feng),北(bei)(bei)方曰(yue)(yue)广(guang)莫(mo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)。条风(feng)(feng)(feng)又名融风(feng)(feng)(feng),景风(feng)(feng)(feng)一名凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)。

[疏]“八风”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《易纬(wei)(wei)·通卦验》云(yun):“立春,调(diao)(diao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);春分,明(ming)庶(shu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);立夏,清(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);立秋,凉(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);秋分,阊阖(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);立冬,不周风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),广莫(mo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。调(diao)(diao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一名融风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十八年传云(yun):“是谓融风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。”是调(diao)(diao)融同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此八方之(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),以(yi)八节而至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但八方风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)气寒暑不同,乐能调(diao)(diao)阴阳和节气。隐五年传曰(yue):“舞,所(suo)以(yi)节八音而行(xing)八风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”,故乐以(yi)八风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)相(xiang)成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八节之(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),亦与八卦、八音相(xiang)配(pei)。贾逵云(yun):兑(dui)为(wei)金,为(wei)阊阖(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乾为(wei)石,为(wei)不周风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。坎(kan)为(wei)革,为(wei)广莫(mo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。艮为(wei)匏,为(wei)融风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。震为(wei)竹,为(wei)明(ming)庶(shu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。巽为(wei)木,为(wei)清(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。离为(wei)丝,为(wei)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。坤(kun)为(wei)土,为(wei)凉(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是先儒依《易纬(wei)(wei)》配(pei)八风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

九歌,九功之德,皆可歌也。六府、三事谓之九功。
  ○六府,水、火、金、木、土、穀。三事(shi),正德、利用、厚生也(ye)。

[疏]“九歌”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:九歌之事,《尚书·大禹谟》与文七年传(chuan)具有其文。

以相成也;言此九者合,然后相成为和乐。清浊、大小,短长、疾徐,哀乐、刚柔,迟速、高下,出入、周疏,以相济也。周,密也。
  ○哀乐(le),音洛。下(xia)及(ji)注皆同。周(zhou)疏(shu),传本(ben)皆作流,然此五(wu)句皆相对,不应(ying)独(du)作周(zhou)流。古本(ben)有作疏(shu)者。案注训(xun)周(zhou)为密,则(ze)与疏(shu)相对,宜为疏(shu)耳(er)。

[疏]“清浊”至“周疏”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:周(zhou)疏以(yi)上凡十事,皆两字相(xiang)对,其义相(xiang)反,乃(nai)言(yan)乐声如此相(xiang)反以(yi)成(cheng)音曲,犹(you)羹之水火(huo)相(xiang)反,人(ren)之和而不同也(ye)。杜训周(zhou)为(wei)密,则(ze)疏为(wei)希(xi),亦相(xiang)反也(ye)。俗本疏作流(liu),《易(yi)·系辞》云(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)流(liu)六虚。”《仲尼燕居》云(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)流(liu)无(wu)不遍也(ye)。”涉彼文(wen)而误耳(er)。杜既以(yi)周(zhou)为(wei)密,则(ze)流(liu)当为(wei)疏,今定本作流(liu),非也(ye)。

君子听之,以平其心。心平,德和,故《诗》曰‘德音不瑕’。《诗·豳风》也。义取心平则德音无瑕阙。
  ○豳(bin),彼贫反。

[疏]“诗曰德音不瑕”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《诗·豳风(feng)·狼跋》:“美(mei)周公摄政,远则四国流(liu)言(yan),近则成王(wang)不知。周大夫美(mei)其(qi)不失其(qi)圣也。”云(yun):“公孙硕肤,德(de)音不瑕。”郑玄云(yun):“不瑕,言(yan)不可疵(ci)瑕也。”

今据不然。君所谓可,据亦曰可;君所谓否,据亦曰否。若以水济水,谁能食之?若琴瑟之专壹,谁能听之?同之不可也如是。”饮酒乐。公曰:“古而无死,其乐若何!”晏子对曰:“古而无死,则古之乐也,君何得焉?昔爽鸠氏始居此地,爽鸠氏,少皞氏之司寇也。
  ○专如字;董遇本作抟,音同。季荝因之,季荝,虞夏诸侯,代爽鸠氏者。
  ○荝,仕侧反(fan)。夏,户雅反(fan)。

[疏]注(zhu)“季荝(ce)”至(zhi)“氏者”。正(zheng)义曰(yue):此相(xiang)传说(shuo)也。以逢伯是殷之(zhi)诸侯(hou),此在逢伯之(zhi)前,故以为虞(yu)夏(xia)时也。爽鸠在少皞之(zhi)世,至(zhi)虞(yu)夏(xia)历代多矣,未必其间(jian)更(geng)无他姓。据(ju)晏之(zhi)言,云代爽鸠氏耳。

有逢伯陵因之,逢伯陵,殷诸侯,姜姓。蒲姑氏因之,浦姑氏,殷周之间代逢公者。而后大公因之。古若无死,爽鸠氏之乐,非君所原也。”齐侯甘於所乐,志於不死。晏子称古以节其情原。
  ○大音泰(tai)。爽鸠氏之乐,一本作乐之。

[疏]“古者”至“愿也”。
  ○正义曰:自古者其无死(si),爽(shuang)鸠至今(jin)犹存(cun)则此(ci)齐地是爽(shuang)鸠氏(shi)得而乐(le)(le)也。君不得为齐君不死(si)之(zhi)事,此(ci)乐(le)(le)爽(shuang)鸠氏(shi)之(zhi)有,非(fei)君所原乐(le)(le)也。晏子以(yi)爽(shuang)鸠氏(shi)为始,故(gu)言爽(shuang)鸠之(zhi)乐(le)(le),计(ji)爽(shuang)鸠以(yi)前处齐地者,犹应代有人矣。

郑子产有疾,谓子大叔曰:“我死,子必为政。唯有德者能以宽服民,其次莫如猛。夫火烈,民望而畏之,故鲜死焉;水懦弱,民狎而玩之,狎,轻也。
  ○鲜,息浅反。懦,乃乱、乃卧二反,一音儒。狎,户甲反。玩,五乱反。则多死焉,故宽难。”难以治。
  ○治,直吏反。疾数月而卒。大叔为政,不忍猛而宽。郑国多盗,取人於萑苻之泽。萑苻,泽名。於泽中劫人。
  ○数,所主反。萑音丸。苻音蒲,又如字。大叔悔之,曰:“吾早从夫子,不及此。”兴徒兵以攻萑苻之盗,尽杀之。盗少止。仲尼曰:“善哉!政宽则民慢,慢则纠之以猛。纠,犹摄也。
  ○尽(jin)杀之,本或作(zuo)尽(jin)之,杀衍字。纠,居黝(you)反。

[疏]“尽杀之盗少止”。
  ○正义曰(yue):既(ji)言尽杀(sha)之,复(fu)云(yun)盗少止者,盖谓尽萑苻(fu)之内盗也(ye)。少止,谓郑国(guo)馀处(chu)之盗由此少止。

猛则民残,残则施之以宽。宽以济猛,猛以济宽,政是以和。《诗》曰,‘民亦劳止,汔可小康;惠此中国,以绥四方。’施之以宽也。《诗·大雅》。汔,其也。康、绥皆安也。周厉王暴虐,民劳於苛政,故诗人剌之,欲其施之以宽。
  ○汔,许乙反。苛音何。‘毋从诡随,诡人随人,无正心,不可从。
  ○毋,本又作无。从,子又反,注同。诡,九委反。以谨无良,谨,敕慎也。式遏寇虐,惨不畏明’,纠之以猛也。式,用也。遏,止也。惨,曾也。言为寇虐,曾不畏明法者,亦当用猛政纠治之。
  ○遏,於葛反。惨(can),七感反。‘柔(rou)远(yuan)能(neng)迩,以定(ding)我王(wang)’,平之以和也(ye)。柔(rou),安(an)也(ye)。迩,近也(ye)。远(yuan)者(zhe)怀附,近者(zhe)各以能(neng)进,则王(wang)室定(ding)。

[疏]“诗曰”至“和也”。
  ○正义曰:此《诗·大雅·民劳》之篇,刺厉王之诗也。其下十句,《诗》之文也。仲尼分为三段,每以一句释之。汔,其也。康、绥皆安也。止,辞也。於是厉王以苛政劳民,故言当今之民亦大疲劳止,其可以小息之。中国,京师也,四方,诸夏也,施惠於此京师,中国以绥彼诸夏之民。此四句者,欲其施之以宽也。诡、随谓诡人为善,随人小恶,此虽恶之小者,其事不可舍从也,毋得从此诡随之人,以谨敕彼无善之人。无善之恶,大於诡随,诡随不从,则无善息止,是谨敕之也。寇虐之恶人又大於无善。式,用也。遏,止也。惨,曾也。王当严为刑威,用止臣民之间有为寇盗苛虐,曾不畏明白之刑者。此四句者,欲其纠之以猛也。柔,安也。迩,近也。能,谓才能也。王者当以宽政安慰远人,使之怀附,则各以才能自进者,是近人也。远者怀而归,近者以能自进,用此以定我为王之功。此二句者,言平之以和也。
  ○注“《诗·大雅》”云云。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《释(shi)诂》云,“汔(qi),几也。”杜(du)以(yi)几、其同声,故以(yi)汔(qi)为其也。康、绥皆(jie)(jie)安,及(ji)下(xia)注遏,止,皆(jie)(jie)《释(shi)诂》文也。式,用;惨,曾,《释(shi)言(yan)》文也。

又曰,‘不竞不絿,不刚不柔,《诗·殷颂》。言汤政得中和。竞,强也。絿,急也。
  ○絿音求。布政优优,百禄是遒’,优优,和也。遒,聚也。
  ○遒,在(zai)由(you)反,又子由(you)反。和之(zhi)至也(ye)。”及子产卒,仲尼闻之(zhi),出涕(ti)曰:“古之(zhi)遗爱(ai)也(ye)。”子产见爱(ai),有(you)古人之(zhi)遗风。

[疏]“又曰”至“至也”。
  ○正义曰:《诗·商颂·长发》之篇,述成汤之德也。汤之为政,不大强,不大急,不大刚,不大柔,布行政教,优优然和绥,百种福禄於是聚而归之。言其和之至也。竞,强。《释言》文也。絿,急。遒,聚。《毛传》文也。
  ○“及子”至“闻之”。
  ○正义曰:案上,子(zi)大叔悔后巳云(yun)(yun),仲(zhong)尼曰善哉!今方(fang)言及子(zi)产(chan)卒,闻之者,上所云(yun)(yun),先美子(zi)大叔之善法政,用子(zi)产(chan)生时法也;此出涕,重美子(zi)产(chan)身之贤,故传云(yun)(yun)“及子(zi)产(chan)卒”,欲显仲(zhong)尼美之意(yi)也。

十三经注疏目录】  【上一页】  【春秋左氏传注疏目录】  【下一页

请你点此纠错或发表评论 文章录入:tkgg    责任编辑:Gaoge 
随机推荐
���Ϻ�,�Ϻ�Ʒ��,�Ϻ�419��̳���Ϻ�ͬ�ǽ�����̳,���Ϻ�ͬ����̳,���Ϻ�ͬ�ǽ���ҹ�Ϻ���̳,ҹ�Ϻ�������̳,�Ϻ�419��̳�Ϻ�Ʒ����,����������,����ɣ����