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史记·卫将军骠骑列传原文、注释与翻译

[移动版] 作者:佚名

两(liang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)出(chu)塞(sai),塞(sai)阅官及(ji)私马凡十(shi)四万(wan)(wan)匹①。而复入(ru)塞(sai)者不满(man)三万(wan)(wan)匹。乃益置(zhi)大司马位(wei)②,大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、骠骑(qi)(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)皆为大司马③。定令④,令骠骑(qi)(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)秩禄与大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)⑤。自是(shi)之(zhi)后,大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)青日退(tui),而骠骑(qi)(qi)日益贵。举大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)故人门下多(duo)去事骠骑(qi)(qi)⑥,辄得官爵,唯任安不肯(ken)。

①塞阅:出塞时(shi)检阅军(jun)队。②益置:增设。位(wei):官(guan)位(wei)。③大司马一职是武帝元狩四年(前119)所设,后来(lai)掌权的(de)外戚常被(bei)授予此官(guan),故卫青、霍去(qu)病皆在本官(guan)大将军(jun)、骠骑将军(jun)之(zhi)外加大司马之(zhi)称。④定(ding)令:确定(ding)法令。⑤秩禄:官(guan)吏的(de)品级与俸(feng)禄。⑥举:全部。故人:老朋(peng)友。门(men)下(xia):指门(men)客。去(qu):离开。事(shi):奉事(shi)。

当卫(wei)青(qing)和(he)霍去病所(suo)(suo)率领的两(liang)支(zhi)大(da)军(jun)(jun)(jun)出塞时,曾在边塞阅兵,当时官(guan)府和(he)私人马(ma)(ma)匹共十四万匹,而他们重回塞内(nei)时,所(suo)(suo)剩(sheng)战马(ma)(ma)不满(man)三万匹。于是朝廷增(zeng)置大(da)司(si)马(ma)(ma)官(guan)位,大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)骠(piao)骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)都当了大(da)司(si)马(ma)(ma)。而且定下(xia)法令,让骠(piao)骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)的官(guan)阶和(he)俸禄同大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)相等。从此(ci)以后(hou),大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)卫(wei)青(qing)的权势日日减退,而骠(piao)骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)一天比(bi)一天显贵。大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)的老友(you)和(he)门客多半离开(kai)了他,而去奉事骠(piao)骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),这(zhei)(zhei)些人常常因(yin)此(ci)而得到官(guan)爵,只有(you)任安不肯这(zhei)(zhei)样做(zuo)。

骠(piao)骑将军为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人少言不(bu)泄(xie)①,有气敢(gan)任②。天(tian)子尝欲(yu)教之孙、吴兵法(fa)③,对(dui)曰(yue):“顾方略何如(ru)耳④,不(bu)至学古兵法(fa)⑤。”天(tian)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治第⑥,令骠(piao)骑视(shi)之,对(dui)曰(yue):“匈奴未(wei)灭,无(wu)以家为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也⑦。”由(you)此(ci)上益重(zhong)爱之。然少而(er)(er)(er)侍(shi)中,贵,不(bu)省士⑧。其从军,天(tian)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遣太官赍数十乘(cheng)⑨,既(ji)还,重(zhong)车余弃粱肉⑩,而(er)(er)(er)士有饥者。其在塞外,卒乏粮,或(huo)不(bu)能自(zi)振(11),而(er)(er)(er)骠(piao)骑尚穿(chuan)或(huo)塌(ta)鞠(12)。事(shi)多此(ci)类(lei)。大将军为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人仁善退(tui)让(rang),以和柔自(zi)媚于上,然天(tian)下未(wei)有称也。

骠骑将军自四年(nian)军后三年(nian)(13),元(yuan)(yuan)狩六年(nian)而卒(14)。天子(zi)(zi)悼之(15),发属国玄甲军(16),陈自长安至(zhi)茂(mao)陵(ling)(17),为冢象祁连山(18)。谥之(19),并武与广地曰景桓侯(20)。子(zi)(zi)嬗(shan)(shan)代侯。嬗(shan)(shan)少(shao),字子(zi)(zi)侯,上爱之,幸其(qi)壮而将之(21)。居六岁,元(yuan)(yuan)封元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(22),嬗(shan)(shan)卒,谥哀侯。无(wu)子(zi)(zi),绝,国除(23)。

①少(shao)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)泄(xie):寡(gua)言(yan)少(shao)语(yu),不(bu)(bu)泄(xie)露别人的(de)(de)(de)话。②有气敢(gan)任(ren):有气魄敢(gan)做敢(gan)为(wei)(wei)。③孙(sun)(sun)、吴兵法:指(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)武、孙(sun)(sun)膑和吴起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)军(jun)事著作(zuo)。孙(sun)(sun)武是(shi)(shi)春秋时(shi)期(qi)著名的(de)(de)(de)吴国(guo)将军(jun)与(yu)(yu)军(jun)事理论家(jia),著《孙(sun)(sun)子(zi)兵法》一书(shu)。孙(sun)(sun)膑是(shi)(shi)战国(guo)时(shi)期(qi)著名军(jun)事家(jia),著《孙(sun)(sun)膑兵法》一书(shu)。吴起(qi)为(wei)(wei)战国(guo)时(shi)期(qi)著名政治家(jia)与(yu)(yu)军(jun)事家(jia),著《吴起(qi)》一书(shu)。④顾:看。方略:战略、谋略。⑤不(bu)(bu)至(zhi):不(bu)(bu)必。⑥治第(di):建(jian)造府第(di)。⑦无以(yi):不(bu)(bu)用。家(jia)为(wei)(wei):为(wei)(wei)家(jia),经营自家(jia)之事。⑧不(bu)(bu)省士(shi):不(bu)(bu)关心(xin)士(shi)卒(zu)。⑨遣(qian):派。赍(jī,机(ji)):赠送。数十乘:几(ji)十辆车(che)(che)(che)。此(ci)指(zhi)几(ji)十车(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)物。按古(gu)代四匹马拉一辆车(che)(che)(che)称一乘。⑩重(zhong)车(che)(che)(che):装载军(jun)需(xu)品的(de)(de)(de)车(che)(che)(che)辆。粱(liang):泛指(zhi)粮(liang)食(shi)。(11)或:有的(de)(de)(de)人。振(zhen):站立(li)。(12)穿(chuan)域(yu):画定(ding)地(di)段为(wei)(wei)球场。塌鞠:踢球。(13)四年(nian)(nian):指(zhi)元(yuan)狩(shou)四年(nian)(nian)(前119)。军(jun):军(jun)事行动,指(zhi)率兵出(chu)击匈奴。(14)元(yuan)狩(shou)六(liu)年(nian)(nian):公元(yuan)前一一七年(nian)(nian)。(15)悼:悼念、哀伤。(15)发:调遣(qian)。属国(guo):指(zhi)边疆五郡。玄甲军(jun):铁甲兵。(17)陈(chen):同“阵(zhen)”字,排成(cheng)阵(zhen)列(lie)。(18)为(wei)(wei)冢:造坟墓。(19)谥(shì,是(shi)(shi))之:死(si)后给他加(jia)封(feng)号。(20)并(bing):合并(bing)。武与(yu)(yu)广地(di):勇(yong)武与(yu)(yu)扩大国(guo)土。按封(feng)建(jian)谥法规定(ding),“布义行刚(gang)曰景(jing)”,“辟(pi)土服远日桓”,霍去病的(de)(de)(de)一生(sheng)兼有此(ci)二者的(de)(de)(de)内容,故(gu)谥为(wei)(wei)景(jing)桓侯。(21)将之:任(ren)命他为(wei)(wei)将军(jun)。(22)元(yuan)封(feng):汉(han)武帝(di)第(di)六(liu)个(ge)年(nian)(nian)号(前110-前105)。(23)国(guo)除(chu):封(feng)国(guo)被废除(chu)。

骠(piao)骑(qi)将军(jun)(jun)为(wei)人寡言少(shao)语,不(bu)泄露别人说(shuo)(shuo)的(de)话,有(you)(you)气魄,敢做(zuo)敢为(wei)。武帝(di)曾想(xiang)教他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)孙子(zi)和(he)吴起(qi)的(de)兵法,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)回(hui)答说(shuo)(shuo):“战争只看方(fang)针策略如何就够了,不(bu)必学习古(gu)代兵法。”武帝(di)为(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)修(xiu)盖(gai)府(fu)第(di),让(rang)骠(piao)骑(qi)将军(jun)(jun)去(qu)看看,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)回(hui)答说(shuo)(shuo):“匈奴还(hai)没有(you)(you)消(xiao)灭(mie),无心考(kao)虑私(si)家的(de)事情(qing)。”从此以后,武帝(di)更加重用和(he)喜(xi)爱骠(piao)骑(qi)将军(jun)(jun)霍去(qu)病。但(dan)是(shi),霍去(qu)病从少(shao)年时(shi)代起(qi),就在(zai)宫(gong)中(zhong)侍候(hou)皇(huang)帝(di),得到(dao)显贵,却不(bu)知体恤(xu)士(shi)卒。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)出兵打仗时(shi),天(tian)子(zi)派遣太官赠(zeng)送(song)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)几十(shi)车食物,待他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)回(hui)来时(shi),辎重车上丢弃(qi)了许多剩余的(de)米和(he)肉,而他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)士(shi)卒还(hai)有(you)(you)忍饥挨(ai)饿的(de)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)在(zai)塞外打仗时(shi),士(shi)卒缺粮,有(you)(you)的(de)人饿得站不(bu)起(qi)来,而骠(piao)骑(qi)将军(jun)(jun)还(hai)在(zai)画(hua)定球场,踢球游戏。他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)做(zuo)的(de)事多半如此。大将军(jun)(jun)卫青的(de)为(wei)人却是(shi)仁爱善(shan)良,有(you)(you)退让(rang)的(de)精(jing)神,以宽(kuan)和(he)柔(rou)顺取(qu)悦(yue)皇(huang)上,但(dan)是(shi)天(tian)下之(zhi)人没有(you)(you)称赞他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)。

骠骑(qi)将军自元(yuan)(yuan)狩四年(nian)(前119)出击匈奴以后(hou)(hou)三(san)年(nian),即元(yuan)(yuan)狩六(liu)年(nian)(前117)就去(qu)世了。武帝对他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)死很(hen)悲伤,调遣边境五郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)铁甲军,从长安到茂陵排列成阵(zhen),给霍(huo)去(qu)病修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坟墓外形象祈连山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)样(yang)子。给他(ta)(ta)命(ming)名谥号,把勇(yong)武与扩地(di)两(liang)个原则加以合并(bing),称他(ta)(ta)为景桓侯(hou)(hou)。霍(huo)去(qu)病的(de)(de)(de)(de)儿子嬗(shan)接替了冠军侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爵位。霍(huo)嬗(shan)年(nian)令小,表字叫子侯(hou)(hou),皇上(shang)喜爱(ai)他(ta)(ta),希(xi)望长大后(hou)(hou)任命(ming)他(ta)(ta)为将军。过了六(liu)年(nian),即元(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian),霍(huo)嬗(shan)死去(qu),皇上(shang)封(feng)赐他(ta)(ta)哀侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)谥号。他(ta)(ta)没有儿子,因(yin)而后(hou)(hou)代(dai)断绝(jue)了,封(feng)国(guo)被废除。

自骠骑将(jiang)军死后,大将(jiang)军长子宜春侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伉(kang)坐(zuo)法失侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。后五岁①,伉(kang)弟二(er)人,阴(yin)安(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)疑及发干侯(hou)(hou)(hou)登皆坐(zuo)酎金失侯(hou)(hou)(hou)②。失侯(hou)(hou)(hou)后二(er)岁③,冠军侯(hou)(hou)(hou)国除(chu)。其(qi)后四年④,大将(jiang)军青卒,谥为烈侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。子伉(kang)代为长平侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。

自大(da)将(jiang)军围(wei)单(dan)于之后十四年(nian)而卒。竟(jing)不复(fu)击(ji)匈奴者,以汉马(ma)少(shao),而方南诛(zhu)两越⑤,东伐朝鲜⑥,击(ji)羌、西(xi)南夷⑦,以故(gu)久不伐胡。

大将军以(yi)其得尚平(ping)阳长公主(zhu)故⑧,长平(ping)侯(hou)伉代侯(hou)。六岁,坐法失侯(hou)⑨。

①后五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岁:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狩六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)后五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),即元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)112)。②酎金(jin):汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)举(ju)行宗(zong)庙祭(ji)祀(si),国王(wang)和(he)列侯皆要献(xian)(xian)出助(zhu)祭(ji)之(zhi)金(jin),称酎金(jin)。如(ru)酎金(jin)成色不佳,或者(zhe)斤(jin)两不足,都(dou)算献(xian)(xian)金(jin)者(zhe)犯法。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)这(zhei)次(ci)宗(zong)庙祭(ji)祀(si)活动中,有(you)(you)一(yi)○六人“坐酎金(jin)”而被削(xue)去爵位。③失(shi)侯后二(er)岁:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武帝(di)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)110)。④其后四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)106)。⑤方(fang):正。南(nan)(nan)(nan)诛两越(yue)(yue):讨伐南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)的东(dong)越(yue)(yue)和(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)越(yue)(yue)。汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)112)的春天,南(nan)(nan)(nan)越(yue)(yue)相吕嘉(jia)起事谋反(fan),杀(sha)了(le)(le)汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)使者(zhe)韩(han)千(qian)秋等(deng)(deng);同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋天,武帝(di)派(pai)伏波将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)路博德(de)、楼(lou)船(chuan)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)相仆(pu)等(deng)(deng)远征南(nan)(nan)(nan)越(yue)(yue),至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)111)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天,平(ping)(ping)定(ding)南(nan)(nan)(nan)越(yue)(yue),改置南(nan)(nan)(nan)海(hai)等(deng)(deng)九郡(jun)。详(xiang)见卷一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)三《南(nan)(nan)(nan)越(yue)(yue)列传(chuan)》。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋天,东(dong)越(yue)(yue)王(wang)余善(shan)谋反(fan),自(zi)立为(wei)(wei)武帝(di)。于是汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)派(pai)横海(hai)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)韩(han)说(shuo)等(deng)(deng)兴兵讨伐,至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)110)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天,余善(shan)被越(yue)(yue)繇王(wang)等(deng)(deng)杀(sha)死,汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)把东(dong)越(yue)(yue)人全(quan)部迁到江淮之(zhi)间。详(xiang)见卷一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)《东(dong)越(yue)(yue)列传(chuan)》。⑥东(dong)伐朝(chao)(chao)鲜(xian):此指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),燕人卫(wei)满所建的卫(wei)氏朝(chao)(chao)鲜(xian)政权。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)109),朝(chao)(chao)鲜(xian)王(wang)右渠(卫(wei)满孙)杀(sha)辽东(dong)郡(jun)东(dong)部都(dou)尉涉河,汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)天子派(pai)楼(lou)船(chuan)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)杨(yang)仆(pu)和(he)左将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)荀彘率兵讨伐,至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)108)夏天,平(ping)(ping)定(ding)了(le)(le)朝(chao)(chao)鲜(xian),改设(she)乐浪等(deng)(deng)四(si)郡(jun)。详(xiang)见卷一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《朝(chao)(chao)鲜(xian)列传(chuan)》。⑦击羌(qiang)、西南(nan)(nan)(nan)夷(yi):元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎(ding)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九月,羌(qiang)人曾与匈奴人联合攻打汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)边塞,第二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天,汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)军(jun)(jun)击平(ping)(ping)羌(qiang)人。又汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)(chao)自(zi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)光五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)130)至元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封(feng)(feng)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)109),先后派(pai)唐蒙、司(si)马(ma)相如(ru)等(deng)(deng)出使西南(nan)(nan)(nan)夷(yi),并多次(ci)发(fa)兵攻杀(sha)不友好的部族首领等(deng)(deng),于是在这(zhei)些地方(fang)设(she)置了(le)(le)犍(jian)为(wei)(wei)、牂柯和(he)汶山、益州(zhou)等(deng)(deng)郡(jun)县。详(xiang)见卷一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)六《西南(nan)(nan)(nan)夷(yi)列传(chuan)》。⑧尚(shang):娶(qu)(qu)公(gong)主为(wei)(wei)妻曰(yue)尚(shang)。汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)姐姐平(ping)(ping)阳公(gong)主,先嫁(jia)平(ping)(ping)阳侯曹寿,因曹寿有(you)(you)“恶疾”,汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝(di)就下(xia)令卫(wei)青(qing)娶(qu)(qu)平(ping)(ping)阳公(gong)主为(wei)(wei)妻。⑨六岁:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武帝(di)天汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)99)。按(an)《汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)书·外戚恩(en)泽侯表》载卫(wei)伉“太初元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)嗣侯,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),入(ru)宫(gong),完为(wei)(wei)城旦”。则(ze)(ze)万伉犯法当在天汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)100)。坐法,即指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“入(ru)宫(gong)”事。按(an)汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代法律规定(ding),进入(ru)宫(gong)门,必有(you)(you)符(fu)籍(ji),无符(fu)籍(ji)随便进入(ru)则(ze)(ze)犯法。

自从(cong)骠(piao)骑(qi)将军(jun)死后(hou)(hou),大将军(jun)的(de)长子宜春(chun)侯(hou)卫伉因犯法而(er)失(shi)掉侯(hou)爵(jue)。五年(nian)以后(hou)(hou),卫伉的(de)两个弟弟阴安侯(hou)卫不(bu)疑和(he)发干侯(hou)卫登,都(dou)因为(wei)犯了(le)助祭金成色不(bu)足和(he)分量不(bu)够的(de)罪而(er)失(shi)掉侯(hou)爵(jue)。失(shi)掉侯(hou)爵(jue)后(hou)(hou)二(er)年(nian),冠军(jun)侯(hou)的(de)封国被废除。这(zhei)以后(hou)(hou)四年(nian),大将军(jun)卫青(qing)死去,朝廷加封他的(de)谥号(hao)是烈(lie)侯(hou)。卫青(qing)儿子卫伉接替爵(jue)位作长平侯(hou)。

自从大将军围攻(gong)匈奴单(dan)于之后十(shi)四年(nian)就死去了,这期间没有再(zai)攻(gong)打匈奴的原因(yin),是因(yin)为汉朝马匹少,而(er)且正在讨(tao)伐(fa)南(nan)方(fang)的东(dong)越和南(nan)越,讨(tao)伐(fa)东(dong)方(fang)的朝鲜,攻(gong)击羌(qiang)人和西南(nan)夷,因(yin)此(ci)长(zhang)时间没有讨(tao)伐(fa)匈奴。

因为大将军卫青(qing)娶了平阳公主的原因,所以长(zhang)平侯(hou)卫伉才能接替侯(hou)爵。但是六(liu)年后,他又因犯法而(er)失掉侯(hou)爵。

左方两大将军及诸裨将名(ming)①:

最大将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军青,凡七(qi)出击匈奴(nu)②,斩捕首虏五(wu)万(wan)余级。一(yi)与单于战,收河南地,遂置朔方郡,再益(yi)封(feng)(feng),凡万(wan)一(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)八(ba)百(bai)户(hu)(hu)③。封(feng)(feng)三子为(wei)侯(hou)(hou),侯(hou)(hou)千(qian)(qian)(qian)三百(bai)户(hu)(hu)。并之,万(wan)五(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)户(hu)(hu)④。其(qi)校尉(wei)裨(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以从大将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军侯(hou)(hou)者九人⑤。其(qi)裨(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)校尉(wei)已为(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者十四人。为(wei)裨(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者曰李广,自有传(chuan)。无(wu)传(chuan)者曰:

将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)公孙贺(he)。贺(he),义渠人(ren),其先胡种⑥。贺(he)父(fu)浑邪,景帝(di)时(shi)(shi)为(wei)平曲(qu)侯(hou)(hou),坐(zuo)法失(shi)侯(hou)(hou)。贺(he),武帝(di)为(wei)太子(zi)时(shi)(shi)舍人(ren)⑦。武帝(di)立八岁⑧,以太仆为(wei)轻车(che)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)⑨,军(jun)马邑⑩。后(hou)四岁(11),以轻车(che)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)出(chu)云中。后(hou)五岁(12),以骑(qi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)从大(da)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)有功(gong),封(feng)为(wei)南窌侯(hou)(hou)。后(hou)一岁(13),以左将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)再(zai)从大(da)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)出(chu)定(ding)襄,无(wu)(wu)功(gong)。后(hou)四岁(14),以坐(zuo)酎金失(shi)侯(hou)(hou)。后(hou)八岁(15),以浮沮将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)出(chu)五原二千余里,无(wu)(wu)功(gong)。后(hou)八岁(16),以太仆为(wei)丞相(xiang),封(feng)葛绎(yi)侯(hou)(hou)。贺(he)七为(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),出(chu)击匈(xiong)奴无(wu)(wu)大(da)功(gong),而再(zai)侯(hou)(hou)(17),为(wei)丞相(xiang)。坐(zuo)子(zi)敬声与阳石公主*(18),为(wei)巫(wu)蛊,族灭(mie),无(wu)(wu)后(hou)。

将(jiang)军(jun)李息,郁郅人。事景(jing)帝。至武帝立八岁(sui),为(wei)材官将(jiang)军(jun),军(jun)马邑。后六岁(sui)(19),为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun),出代(dai)。后三岁(sui)(20),为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun),从大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)出朔(shuo)方。皆无(wu)功。凡三为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun),其后常为(wei)大(da)行。

①左方:犹(you)言“下列”以(yi)古代文字竖书,由右向(xiang)左,故云。两(liang)大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun):指卫青、霍去病(bing)。按霍去病(bing)未封(feng)大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),但(dan)骠骑(qi)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)“秩(zhi)禄(lu)”皆同(tong)(tong)大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),故这里称其(qi)为(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)”。②最(zui):总(zong)计(ji)。凡(fan):共(gong)。七(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu):七(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)。即元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)光五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)130)首次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)上(shang)谷击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)128)第(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)雁门(men)击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)127)第(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)云中(zhong)击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)124)第(di)四次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)高阙击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)123)二(er)(er)月第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)定(ding)襄(xiang)击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月第(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)定(ding)襄(xiang)击(ji)胡(hu),元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狩(shou)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)119)第(di)七(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)定(ding)襄(xiang)击(ji)胡(hu)。③凡(fan)万(wan)(wan)一(yi)(yi)千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)户(hu):当(dang)为(wei)(wei)“万(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)户(hu)”。按元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)127)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)“以(yi)三(san)千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)户(hu)封(feng)青为(wei)(wei)长平(ping)侯(hou)”,同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又“益封(feng)青三(san)千(qian)户(hu)”,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)124)又“益封(feng)青六(liu)(liu)(liu)千(qian)户(hu)”,共(gong)一(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)户(hu)。④万(wan)(wan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)户(hu):当(dang)为(wei)(wei)“万(wan)(wan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)千(qian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)户(hu)”。按卫青自己受(shou)封(feng)一(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)二(er)(er)千(qian)八百(bai)(bai)户(hu),其(qi)三(san)子(zi)(zi)各受(shou)封(feng)一(yi)(yi)千(qian)三(san)百(bai)(bai)户(hu),四人共(gong)受(shou)封(feng)一(yi)(yi)万(wan)(wan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)千(qian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)户(hu)。⑤以(yi):因。侯(hou)者:被封(feng)侯(hou)的人。⑥先:祖先。胡(hu)种:属匈奴种族(zu)。⑦舍人:官名:⑧武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)立八岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)光二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)133)。⑨以(yi)太仆:凭太仆的身分。⑩军(jun):驻军(jun)。(11)后(hou)(hou)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui):当(dang)作“后(hou)(hou)三(san)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)”,指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)光五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)130)。(12)后(hou)(hou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):当(dang)指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)124)。(13)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。(14)后(hou)(hou)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狩(shou)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)119)。(15)后(hou)(hou)八岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)鼎六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)111)。(16)后(hou)(hou)八岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)太初二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)103)。(17)再侯(hou):第(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)封(feng)侯(hou)。(18)子(zi)(zi):公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)贺(he)的儿子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)敬(jing)声。按太仆公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)敬(jing)声曾犯法(fa)入狱(yu)(yu),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)贺(he)请(qing)求追(zhui)捕(bu)阳陵(ling)大(da)(da)侠朱安石来赎罪。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)征(zheng)和二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)91),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)贺(he)捕(bu)得朱安石后(hou)(hou),他在狱(yu)(yu)中(zhong)诬告(gao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)敬(jing)声与武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)女儿阳石公(gong)(gong)(gong)主通*以(yi)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)贺(he)父子(zi)(zi)搞“巫蛊”之事,公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)贺(he)被捕(bu)入狱(yu)(yu),与其(qi)子(zi)(zi)死在狱(yu)(yu)中(zhong),贺(he)家被灭族(zu)。(19)后(hou)(hou)六(liu)(liu)(liu)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)128)。(20)后(hou)(hou)三(san)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)126)。

下(xia)面是(shi)两位大(da)将军(jun)及其诸位副(fu)将的名单(dan):

总(zong)计大将(jiang)(jiang)军卫(wei)青出击匈(xiong)奴共有(you)(you)七(qi)次(ci),斩获敌兵(bing)五万余人。他同单于(yu)交战一(yi)(yi)次(ci),收复河南地(di)区(qu),于(yu)是设置了(le)朔方郡,两次(ci)增封(feng)(feng),共受(shou)封(feng)(feng)一(yi)(yi)万一(yi)(yi)千八百(bai)户。他的(de)三个儿(er)子(zi)都被(bei)封(feng)(feng)侯,每人受(shou)封(feng)(feng)一(yi)(yi)千三百(bai)户。卫(wei)家(jia)受(shou)封(feng)(feng)的(de)户数合并起来,共有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)万五千七(qi)百(bai)户。卫(wei)青的(de)校尉副(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)因(yin)为跟随卫(wei)青有(you)(you)功(gong)而(er)被(bei)封(feng)(feng)侯的(de)共有(you)(you)九(jiu)个人,他的(de)副(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)及校尉已经当(dang)了(le)将(jiang)(jiang)军的(de)共十四人。当(dang)副(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)的(de)有(you)(you)位(wei)李(li)广,自有(you)(you)传(chuan)记。其他没有(you)(you)传(chuan)的(de)有(you)(you):

将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)。他(ta)是义渠(qu)人(ren),他(ta)的(de)祖先是匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)奴(nu)人(ren)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)的(de)父亲(qin)浑(hun)邪,汉景帝(di)时代被封(feng)为平曲侯,因为犯法而(er)(er)失掉侯爵。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)在汉武(wu)帝(di)当太子(zi)时做(zuo)舍人(ren)。汉武(wu)帝(di)即位八年(nian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)以太仆身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)做(zuo)了(le)(le)轻车将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun),驻军(jun)(jun)在马(ma)邑。过(guo)了(le)(le)四年(nian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)以轻车将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)从云中出(chu)(chu)发攻打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)。又过(guo)了(le)(le)五(wu)年(nian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)以骑将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)跟随(sui)大(da)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)有(you)功(gong),被封(feng)为南窌侯。过(guo)了(le)(le)一年(nian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)以左将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)两次跟随(sui)大(da)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)从定(ding)襄出(chu)(chu)兵(bing)打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu),没有(you)功(gong)劳。过(guo)了(le)(le)四年(nian),因为犯了(le)(le)助(zhu)祭金成(cheng)色不(bu)足和分量(liang)不(bu)够的(de)罪而(er)(er)失掉侯爵。过(guo)了(le)(le)八年(nian),以浮(fu)沮将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)从五(wu)原出(chu)(chu)兵(bing),远征两千余里(li)打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu),没有(you)功(gong)劳。过(guo)了(le)(le)八年(nian),以太仆的(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)份(fen)(fen)(fen)出(chu)(chu)任丞相(xiang),受封(feng)葛绎侯。公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)贺(he)(he)七次当将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun),出(chu)(chu)击匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴(nu)没有(you)建立大(da)功(gong),而(er)(er)两次被封(feng)侯,当了(le)(le)丞相(xiang)。后来(lai)因儿(er)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)敬声与阳(yang)石公(gong)(gong)(gong)主通(tong)*,又搞巫蛊之(zhi)事(shi),被灭族,没有(you)留下后代。

将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)李(li)息(xi)是(shi)郁郅(zhi)人。他(ta)曾经(jing)服(fu)事过(guo)汉景帝,到汉武帝即位八年时,当(dang)了(le)(le)材官(guan)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),驻军(jun)(jun)(jun)在马邑。过(guo)了(le)(le)六年,他(ta)当(dang)了(le)(le)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),从代郡(jun)出兵(bing)打(da)匈奴(nu)(nu)。过(guo)了(le)(le)三年,李(li)息(xi)当(dang)了(le)(le)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),跟随(sui)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)从朔(shuo)方出兵(bing)打(da)匈奴(nu)(nu)。都没有功劳(lao)。李(li)息(xi)共三次当(dang)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),后来他(ta)常(chang)常(chang)担任大(da)行之职。

将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)公孙敖是义渠人(ren)。最初以(yi)郎官(guan)身(shen)份(fen)服(fu)事汉武帝。汉武帝即(ji)位十(shi)二年,他(ta)(ta)当了(le)(le)骑将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun),从(cong)代(dai)郡出(chu)兵打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴,损(sun)失了(le)(le)七(qi)千士(shi)兵,被(bei)判为(wei)死(si)刑(xing),他(ta)(ta)交了(le)(le)赎(shu)金,成了(le)(le)平民百姓。过(guo)了(le)(le)五(wu)年,他(ta)(ta)以(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)身(shen)份(fen)跟随大将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴有功,被(bei)封为(wei)合骑侯。过(guo)了(le)(le)一年,以(yi)中将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)身(shen)份(fen)随大将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)两次从(cong)定襄(xiang)出(chu)兵打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴,没(mei)有功劳。过(guo)了(le)(le)二年,他(ta)(ta)以(yi)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)身(shen)份(fen)从(cong)北地出(chu)兵,延误(wu)了(le)(le)同骠骑将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)约定的(de)时间,被(bei)判死(si)刑(xing),交了(le)(le)赎(shu)金,成为(wei)平民百姓。过(guo)了(le)(le)二年,他(ta)(ta)以(yi)校(xiao)尉(wei)的(de)身(shen)份(fen)跟随大将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴,没(mei)有战功。过(guo)了(le)(le)十(shi)四年,他(ta)(ta)以(yi)因(yin)杅将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)份(fen)负责(ze)修筑(zhu)受降城(cheng)。七(qi)年后(hou),他(ta)(ta)又以(yi)因(yin)杅将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的(de)身(shen)份(fen)再次出(chu)兵打匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴,进军(jun)(jun)到(dao)余吾,因(yin)为(wei)损(sun)失士(shi)卒多(duo),被(bei)交付(fu)法官(guan),判处死(si)刑(xing),他(ta)(ta)却(que)诈称已死(si),逃亡(wang)到(dao)民间五(wu)六年。后(hou)来,这件(jian)事被(bei)发(fa)觉了(le)(le),又逮(dai)捕了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta)。因(yin)他(ta)(ta)妻子搞巫蛊事件(jian),他(ta)(ta)的(de)全家都被(bei)杀死(si)。他(ta)(ta)共当过(guo)四次将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun),出(chu)击匈(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)奴,一次被(bei)封侯。

将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)公孙敖,义渠人(ren)(ren)。以郎(lang)事武帝(di)。武帝(di)立(li)十(shi)二岁(sui)(sui)(sui)①,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(骠(piao))骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),出(chu)(chu)代,亡卒(zu)七千人(ren)(ren),当(dang)斩(zhan),赎(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)五岁(sui)(sui)(sui)②,以校尉(wei)从大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有功(gong)(gong),封为(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he)骑(qi)侯。后(hou)一岁(sui)(sui)(sui)③,以中将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)从大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)再(zai)出(chu)(chu)定襄,无功(gong)(gong)。后(hou)二岁(sui)(sui)(sui)④,以将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)(chu)北(bei)地,后(hou)骠(piao)骑(qi)期(qi),当(dang)斩(zhan),赎(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)二岁(sui)(sui)(sui)⑤,以校尉(wei)从大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),无功(gong)(gong)。后(hou)十(shi)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui)⑥,以因(yin)杅将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)筑受降城⑦。七岁(sui)(sui)(sui)⑧,复以因(yin)杅将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)再(zai)出(chu)(chu)击匈奴,至(zhi)余吾,亡士(shi)卒(zu)多,下吏(li),当(dang)斩(zhan),诈死(si)⑨,亡居民间五六岁(sui)(sui)(sui)⑩。后(hou)发觉(jue),复系(xi)(11)。坐妻(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)巫蛊,族(12)。凡四为(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),出(chu)(chu)击匈奴,一侯。

将(jiang)军(jun)李沮,云(yun)中(zhong)人。事景帝。武(wu)帝立十七岁(sui)(13),以左内史为(wei)(wei)强弩将(jiang)军(jun)。后一岁(sui),复为(wei)(wei)强弩将(jiang)军(jun)。

将(jiang)军(jun)李(li)蔡,成纪(ji)人也。事孝(xiao)文帝、景帝、武帝。以轻车将(jiang)军(jun)从大将(jiang)军(jun)有(you)功,封为乐安侯。已为丞(cheng)相(14),坐(zuo)法死(15)。

将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)张(zhang)次(ci)(ci)公,河车人。以(yi)校尉从卫将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)青有功,封为(wei)岸头侯(hou)。其后(hou)太(tai)后(hou)崩(16),为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),军(jun)(jun)北军(jun)(jun)。后(hou)一岁(17),为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),从大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),再为(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),坐(zuo)法失侯(hou)。次(ci)(ci)公父(fu)隆,轻(qing)车武射也(ye)(18)。以(yi)善射,景帝幸(xing)近之(zhi)也(ye)。

将军(jun)(jun)苏建,杜陵人。以(yi)(yi)校尉从(cong)卫将军(jun)(jun)青,有功,为(wei)平陵侯,以(yi)(yi)将军(jun)(jun)筑朔(shuo)方(fang)(19)。后(hou)四岁(20),为(wei)游击将军(jun)(jun),从(cong)大将军(jun)(jun)出朔(shuo)方(fang)。后(hou)一(yi)岁(21),以(yi)(yi)右将军(jun)(jun)再从(cong)大将军(jun)(jun)出定襄,亡翕侯,失军(jun)(jun),当斩,赎(shu)为(wei)庶(shu)人。其后(hou)为(wei)代郡太守(shou),卒,冢在大犹乡。

①武(wu)(wu)帝(di)立十(shi)二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)光五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)130)。②后(hou)(hou)(hou)五岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)124)。③后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)123)。此(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue),大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)卫(wei)(wei)青(qing)再出(chu)定襄击(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)。④后(hou)(hou)(hou)二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狩二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)121)。⑤后(hou)(hou)(hou)二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狩四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)119)。⑥后(hou)(hou)(hou)十(shi)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)105)。⑦筑受降(jiang)城:元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)封六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)匈(xiong)奴(nu)乌维单于死(si)(si)去,其(qi)子(zi)乌师庐(lu)继任单于,他虽年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)龄(ling)小,但(dan)却喜(xi)攻杀,常扣留(liu)汉使(shi)者。匈(xiong)奴(nu)左大(da)都尉(wei)欲(yu)杀乌师庐(lu)单于,便暗与汉朝联系(xi),欲(yu)取(qu)得帮助,汉朝即(ji)命(ming)因杅将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)公孙(sun)敖筑受降(jiang)城(在今内蒙乌拉(la)特中后(hou)(hou)(hou)联合旗东的阴山北(bei)面),以相(xiang)助。见卷一(yi)(yi)(yi)百十(shi)《匈(xiong)奴(nu)列传(chuan)》⑧七(qi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):即(ji)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)七(qi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)”,当(dang)是武(wu)(wu)帝(di)天(tian)汉三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)98)。⑨诈死(si)(si):假死(si)(si)。⑩亡居(ju):逃(tao)亡匿(ni)居(ju),以避死(si)(si)亡之祸。(11)系(xi):拘(ju)捕(bu)。(12)族:灭族。按清(qing)梁玉绳《史记(ji)(ji)志(zhi)疑》以为(wei)本(ben)文自“七(qi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)”至(zhi)“族”四十(shi)四字当(dang)删(shan),因所记(ji)(ji)诸事不合逻辑,恐系(xi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)人所妄续。(13)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)立十(shi)七(qi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui);指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)124)。(14)已:后(hou)(hou)(hou)来(lai)。(15)坐法(fa)死(si)(si):因犯法(fa)而(er)死(si)(si)。按李蔡(cai)因盗卖(mai)坟(fen)地及侵(qin)占汉景帝(di)的陵园墓道(dao)外(wai)土地的罪过自杀身亡。(16)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)崩(beng):武(wu)(wu)帝(di)之母王太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)死(si)(si)去。按王太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)死(si)(si)于元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)126)。(17)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。此(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春天(tian),张次公随(sui)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)卫(wei)(wei)青(qing)出(chu)右(you)北(bei)平击(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)。(18)轻车:驾轻便战车的士兵。武(wu)(wu)射(she):勇武(wu)(wu)而(er)善于射(she)击(ji)。(19)以将(jiang)军(jun)(jun):凭将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)的身分。(20)后(hou)(hou)(hou)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui):苏建于元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)128)封平陵侯,其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)四岁(sui)(sui)(sui)当(dang)为(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。这年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春天(tian)苏建做游(you)击(ji)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)随(sui)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)出(chu)征匈(xiong)奴(nu)。(21)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。这年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春天(tian),苏建为(wei)右(you)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)从大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)出(chu)击(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)。

将军(jun)李沮是云中(zhong)人,曾服侍汉景帝(di)。汉武帝(di)即(ji)位十七年(nian)时,他以左内史的身份当了强(qiang)弩将军(jun)。一年(nian)后,他又当了强(qiang)弩将军(jun)。

将(jiang)军李(li)蔡是(shi)成纪人,服事过汉(han)文帝(di)、汉(han)景帝(di)和汉(han)武帝(di)。曾以(yi)轻车将(jiang)军身(shen)份跟随(sui)大将(jiang)军打匈奴有(you)功(gong),被(bei)封为乐(le)安侯。以(yi)后当了丞相(xiang),因(yin)犯法而(er)被(bei)杀。

将军(jun)(jun)张次公是(shi)河车人,曾以校(xiao)尉身份(fen)随从卫(wei)(wei)青(qing)将军(jun)(jun)打(da)匈奴有功,封为(wei)岸头侯。后(hou)来王太后(hou)死去,他(ta)当了将军(jun)(jun),驻守(shou)在(zai)北军(jun)(jun)的军(jun)(jun)部所在(zai)地。过(guo)了一年,他(ta)当将军(jun)(jun),跟随大将军(jun)(jun)卫(wei)(wei)青(qing)打(da)匈奴。他(ta)两次当将军(jun)(jun),因犯法而失(shi)掉侯爵。张次公的父(fu)亲张隆,是(shi)驾(jia)驭轻(qing)便战(zhan)车的勇(yong)敢射(she)手。因为(wei)他(ta)善于射(she)箭,汉景帝就喜欢和亲近他(ta)。

将(jiang)(jiang)军苏建是杜陵人,以(yi)(yi)校尉身份跟随(sui)(sui)卫(wei)青(qing)将(jiang)(jiang)军打(da)(da)匈(xiong)奴(nu),因(yin)为有战功而被封为平陵侯,并且(qie)以(yi)(yi)将(jiang)(jiang)军身份负责(ze)修筑朔(shuo)方(fang)城。过了四年,他(ta)当(dang)游击将(jiang)(jiang)军,跟随(sui)(sui)大将(jiang)(jiang)军卫(wei)青(qing)从朔(shuo)方(fang)出兵打(da)(da)匈(xiong)奴(nu)。过了一年,他(ta)以(yi)(yi)右将(jiang)(jiang)军的身份再次随(sui)(sui)大将(jiang)(jiang)军从定襄(xiang)出兵打(da)(da)匈(xiong)奴(nu),结果翕(xi)侯叛逃匈(xiong)奴(nu),大军蒙(meng)受了损失,他(ta)被判(pan)为死刑,交出赎(shu)金,成(cheng)为平民百姓。这之后,他(ta)当(dang)了代郡太守。他(ta)死后,坟墓在大犹乡。

 

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