爱上海

华语网_语文知识_初中语文_小学语文_教案试题_中考高考作文

爱上海 > 文言专题 > 文言文经典名著

孝经原文与翻译(全)

[移动版] 作者:主编收集

原文:

圣治章第九

曾子曰:“敢问圣人(ren)之(zhi)德无以加(jia)于孝乎?”

子曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,人(ren)(ren)(ren)为贵(gui)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),莫(mo)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)孝。孝莫(mo)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)严父(fu)。严父(fu)莫(mo)大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian),则(ze)周公其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。昔者(zhe)(zhe)周公郊(jiao)祀后稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian),宗祀文王于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂,以(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)上帝。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,各以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职来祭(ji)。夫圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de),又何以(yi)(yi)(yi)加于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)孝乎?故(gu)亲(qin)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膝下,以(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)父(fu)母日严。圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)因严以(yi)(yi)(yi)教敬,因亲(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)教爱。圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教不肃(su)而(er)(er)(er)成,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政不严而(er)(er)(er)治,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所因者(zhe)(zhe)本也。父(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,天(tian)(tian)(tian)性也,君臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也。父(fu)母生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),续莫(mo)大(da)焉。君亲(qin)临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),厚(hou)莫(mo)重焉。故(gu)不爱其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)而(er)(er)(er)爱他人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悖(bei)德(de)(de)(de);不敬其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)而(er)(er)(er)敬他人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悖(bei)礼。以(yi)(yi)(yi)顺则(ze)逆,民(min)无(wu)则(ze)焉。不在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)善,而(er)(er)(er)皆(jie)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)凶(xiong)德(de)(de)(de),虽得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),君子不贵(gui)也。君子则(ze)不然,言(yan)思(si)(si)可道,行(xing)思(si)(si)可乐,德(de)(de)(de)义可尊,作事可法,容(rong)止可观,进退可度,以(yi)(yi)(yi)临其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)畏而(er)(er)(er)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)而(er)(er)(er)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)能成其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)教,而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政令。《诗》云:‘淑人(ren)(ren)(ren)君子,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仪不忒。’”

翻译:

圣治章第九

曾子说∶“我很冒昧地请问(wen),圣人的德行,没有比(bi)孝道更大的了吗(ma)?”

孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)说∶“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)万物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)类最为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊(zun)贵(gui)。人(ren)(ren)类的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei),没(mei)有比(bi)(bi)(bi)孝道(dao)(dao)(dao)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)重大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了。在(zai)孝道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,没(mei)有比(bi)(bi)(bi)敬(jing)(jing)重父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin)更(geng)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了。敬(jing)(jing)重父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin),没(mei)有比(bi)(bi)(bi)在(zai)祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)候(hou),将祖先配祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)重大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了,而只(zhi)有周(zhou)公能够(gou)做(zuo)(zuo)到这(zhei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)点。当(dang)初,周(zhou)公在(zai)郊外(wai)祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)候(hou),把(ba)其(qi)始祖后稷配把(ba)天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di);在(zai)明堂祭祀(si),又把(ba)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)配祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)。因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)他这(zhei)样做(zuo)(zuo),所以(yi)(yi)全国(guo)各地(di)诸侯能够(gou)克(ke)尽职守,前来协助他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭祀(si)活动。可(ke)(ke)见(jian)圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)德(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),又有甚(shen)麽能超出(chu)孝道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上呢(ni)?因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女对(dui)(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)亲(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敬(jing)(jing)爱(ai)(ai),在(zai)年幼(you)相(xiang)依(yi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)亲(qin)膝下(xia)时(shi)(shi)就产生(sheng)了,待到逐渐长大成(cheng)人(ren)(ren),则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)懂(dong)得了对(dui)(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)亲(qin)尊(zun)严的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爱(ai)(ai)敬(jing)(jing)。圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)就是(shi)依(yi)据这(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女对(dui)(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)尊(zun)敬(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)性(xing),教(jiao)导人(ren)(ren)们(men)(men)(men)对(dui)(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)孝敬(jing)(jing);又因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)女对(dui)(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亲(qin)情(qing),教(jiao)导他们(men)(men)(men)爱(ai)(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)理。圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)严厉(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)功,圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)对(dui)(dui)国(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)施(shi)以(yi)(yi)严厉(li)粗暴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)理好,是(shi)因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)他们(men)(men)(men)因(yin)循(xun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)孝道(dao)(dao)(dao)这(zhei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)天(tian)(tian)(tian)性(xing)。父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin)与儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亲(qin)恩(en)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),乃(nai)是(shi)出(chu)於人(ren)(ren)类天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)性(xing),也体(ti)现了君(jun)主与臣属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)义(yi)理关(guan)系。父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)下(xia)儿女以(yi)(yi)传宗接代,没(mei)有比(bi)(bi)(bi)此更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了;父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亲(qin)对(dui)(dui)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)女又犹(you)如(ru)尊(zun)严的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)王(wang)(wang),其(qi)施(shi)恩(en)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)女,没(mei)有比(bi)(bi)(bi)这(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恩(en)爱(ai)(ai)更(geng)厚重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了。所以(yi)(yi)那种(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬(jing)(jing)爱(ai)(ai)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)却去爱(ai)(ai)敬(jing)(jing)别(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei),叫做(zuo)(zuo)违背(bei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)尊(zun)敬(jing)(jing)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)而尊(zun)敬(jing)(jing)别(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei),叫做(zuo)(zuo)违背(bei)礼法。不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)顺应人(ren)(ren)心天(tian)(tian)(tian)理地(di)爱(ai)(ai)敬(jing)(jing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu),偏偏要逆天(tian)(tian)(tian)理而行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)就无从效法了。不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)在(zai)身行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)爱(ai)(ai)敬(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善道(dao)(dao)(dao)上下(xia)功夫,相(xiang)反(fan)凭藉违背(bei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)礼法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恶道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei),虽然(ran)能一(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)得志,也是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所卑视的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)这(zhei)样,其(qi)言(yan)谈,必(bi)(bi)(bi)须考虑(lv)到要让人(ren)(ren)们(men)(men)(men)所称道(dao)(dao)(dao)奉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);其(qi)作为(wei)(wei)(wei),必(bi)(bi)(bi)须想到可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)给(ji)人(ren)(ren)们(men)(men)(men)带来欢(huan)乐,其(qi)立(li)德(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)义(yi),能使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)敬(jing)(jing);其(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)举止(zhi),可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)效法;其(qi)容貌行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)止(zhi),皆合(he)规矩,使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)们(men)(men)(men)无可(ke)(ke)挑剔(ti);其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)进一(yi)(yi)(yi)退,不(bu)(bu)(bu)越礼违法,成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)楷模。君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)这(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)来治(zhi)理国(guo)家,统(tong)治(zhi)黎民(min)(min)(min)百姓,所以(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)众敬(jing)(jing)畏而爱(ai)(ai)戴他,并学习仿(fang)艾其(qi)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)。所以(yi)(yi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)能够(gou)成(cheng)就其(qi)德(de)治(zhi)教(jiao)化(hua),顺利(li)地(di)推行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)法规、命令。《诗经·曹风(feng)· 鸠》篇中说∶‘善人(ren)(ren)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi),其(qi)容貌举止(zhi)丝毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)差。’”

查看更多中国古代经典名著 孝经资料
随机推荐
ҹ�Ϻ���̳,�Ϻ�419��̳,ҹ�Ϻ�������̳���Ϻ�Ʒ�� ����,���Ϻ�ͬ�ǽ�����̳,���Ϻ�Ʒ����ȫ���ս�ͬ��΢�ŵ绰����,�Ϻ��߶˺Ȳ���̳,�Ϻ�Ʒ�蹤�������Ϻ�Ʒ�� ����,���Ϻ�ͬ�ǽ�����̳,���Ϻ�Ʒ����