《尔雅注疏》卷六·释天(tian)第(di)八
【疏】“释天第八”。○释曰：《河图括地象》云：“易有大极，是生两仪。两仪未分，其气混沌。清浊既分，伏者为天，偃者为地。”《释名》云：“天，显也。在上高显。”又云：“天，坦也。坦然高远。”《说文》云：“天，颠也。至高无上，从一大也。”《春秋说题辞》云：“天之言镇也，居高理下，为人经纪，故其字一大以镇之。”此天之名义也。天之为体，中包乎地，日月星辰属焉。然天地有高下之形，四时有升降之理，日月有运行之度，星辰有次舍之常，既曰释天，不得不略言其趣。故其形状之殊，凡有六等。一曰“盖天”，文见《周髀》，如盖在上。二曰“浑天”，形如弹丸，地在其中，天包其外，犹如鸡卵白之绕黄。杨雄、桓谭、张衡、蔡邕、陆绩、王肃、郑玄之徒，并所依用。三曰“宣夜”，旧说云殷代之制。其形体事义，无所出以言之。四曰“昕天”。昕读为轩，言天北高南下，若车之轩，是吴时姚信所说。五曰“穹天”，云穹隆在上，虞氏所说，不知其名也。六曰“安天”，是晋时虞喜所论。案郑注《考灵耀》云：“天者纯阳，清明无形，圣人则之，制玑玉衡以度其象。”如郑此言，则天是大虚，本无形体，但指诸星运转以为天耳。但诸星之转，从东而西，凡三百六十五日四分日之一，星复旧处。星既左转，日则右行，亦三百六十五日四分日之一，至旧星之处。即以一日之行而为一度，计二十八宿一周天，凡三百六十五度四分度之一，是天之一周之数也。天如弹九，围圜三百六十五度四分度之一。案《考灵耀》云：“一度二千九百三十二里千四百六十一分里之三百四十八。”周天百十万一千里者，是天圜周之里数也。以围三径一言之，则直径三千五万七千里，此为二十八宿所回直径之数也。然二十八宿之外，上下东西各有万五千里，是为四游之极，谓之四表。据四表之内并星宿内，总有三十八万七千里。然则天之中央上下正半之处，则一十九万三千五百里，地在於中，是地去天之数也。郑注《考灵耀》云：“地盖厚三万里。春分之时，地正当中。自此地渐渐而下，至夏至之时，地下万五千里，地之上畔与天中平。夏至之後，地渐渐向上。至秋分，地正当天之中央。自此地渐渐而上，至冬至，上游万五千里，地之下畔与天中平。自冬至後，地渐渐而下。此是地之升降於三万里之中，但浑天之体，虽绕於地，地则中央正平，天则北高南下，北极高於地三十六度。南极下於地三十六度，然则北极之下三十六度，常见不没；南极之上三十六度，常没不见。南极去北极一百二十一度馀。若逐曲计之，则一百八十一度馀。若以南北中半言之，谓之赤道，去南极九十一度馀，去北极亦九十一度馀。此是春秋分之日道。赤道之北二十四度，为夏至之日道，去北极六十七度也。赤道之南二十四度，为冬至之日道，去南极亦六十七度。”地有升降，星辰有四游。又郑注《考灵耀》云：“天旁日四表之中，冬南、夏北、春西、秋东，皆薄四表而止。地亦升降於天之中，冬至而下，夏至而上，二至上下，盖极地厚也。地与星辰俱有四游升降。四游者，自立春地与星辰西游，春分，西游之极。地虽西极，升降正中，从此渐渐而东，至春末复正。自立夏之後北游，夏至，北游之极。地则升降极下，至夏末复正。立秋之後东游，秋分，东游之极。地则升降正中，至秋末复正。立冬之後南游，冬至，南游之极，地则升降极上，至冬末复正。”此是地及星辰四游之义也。星辰亦随地升降，故郑注《考灵耀》云：“夏日道上与四表平，下去东井十二度为三万里，则是夏至之日，上极万五千里，星辰下极万五千里，故夏至之日，下至东井三万里也。”日有九道，故《考灵耀》云：“万世不失九道谋。”郑注引《河图》帝览嬉云：“黄道一，青道二，出黄道东；赤道二，出黄道南；白道二，出黄道西；黑道二，出黄道北。日春东从青道，夏南从赤道，秋西从白道，冬北从黑道。”立春，星辰西游，日则东游。春分，星辰西游之极，日东游之极，日与星辰相去三万里。立夏，星辰北游，日则南游。夏至，星辰北游之极，日南游之极，日与星辰相去三万里。以此推之，秋冬放此可知。计夏至之日，日在井星，当嵩高之上，以其南游之极，故在嵩高之南万五千里，所以夏至有尺五寸之景也。於时日又上极，星辰下极，故日下去东井三万里也。然郑四游之说，元出《周髀》之文，但二十八宿从东而左行，日从西而右行，一度逆沿二十八宿。案《汉书·律历志》云：“冬至之时，日在牵牛初度。春分之时，日在娄四度。夏至之时，日在东井三十一度。秋分之时，日在角十度。”若日在东井，则极长，八尺之表，尺五寸之景。若春分在娄，秋分在角，昼夜等，八尺之表，七尺五寸之景。冬至日在斗，则昼极短，八尺之表，一丈三尺之景。一丈三尺之中，去其一尺五寸，则馀有一丈一尺五寸之景，是冬夏往来之景也。凡於地，千里而差一寸，则夏至去冬至，体渐南渐下，相去十一万五千里。又《考灵耀》云：“正月假上八万里，假下一十万四千里。”所以有假上假下者，郑注《考灵耀》之意，以天去地十九万三千五百里。正月雨水之时，日在上，假於天八万里，下至地一十一万三千五百里。夏至之时，日上极与天表平也。後日渐向下。故郑注《考灵耀》云：“夏至日与表平，冬至之时，日下至於地八万里，上至於天十一万三千五百里也。”委曲具《考灵耀》注。凡二十八宿及诸星，皆循天左行，一日一夜一周天。一周天之外，更行一度，计一年三百六十五周天四分度之一。日月五星则右行，日一日一度，月一日一十三度十九分度之七，此相通之数也。今历象之说，则月一日至於四日行最疾，日行十四度馀；自五日至八日行次疾，日行十三度馀；自九日至十九日行则迟，日行十二度馀；自二十日至二十三日又小疾，日行十三度馀；自二十四日至於晦行又最疾，日行一十四度馀。此是月行之大率也。二十七日月行一周天，至二十九日︹半月又於日与日相会，乃为一月。故《考灵耀》云：“九百四十分为一日，二十九日与四百九十九分为月。”是一月二十九日之外，至第三十日分至四百九十九分。月及於日，计九百四十分，则四百七十为半，今四百九十九分是过半二十九分也。但月是阴精，日为阳精，故《周髀》云：“日犹火，月犹水，火则外光，水则含景，故月光生於日所照，魄生於日所蔽，当日则光盈，就日则明尽。”京房云：“月与星辰阴者也，有形无光，日照之乃有光。先师以为日似弹丸，月似镜体。或以为月亦似弹丸，日照处则明，不照处则ウ。”案《律历志》云：“二十八宿之度，角一十二度，亢九，氐十五，房五，心五，尾十八，箕十一：东方七十五度。斗二十六，牛八，女十二，虚十，危十七，营室十六，壁九：北方九十八度。奎十六，娄十二，胃十四，昴十一，毕十六，觜二，参九：西方八十度。井三十二，鬼四，柳十五，星七，张十八，翼十八，轸十七：南方一百一十二度。丑为星纪，初斗十二度，终婺女七度。子为玄枵，初婺女八度，终於危十五度。亥为И觜，初危十六度，终於奎四度。戌为降娄，初奎五度，终於胃六度。酉为大梁，初胃七度，终於毕十一度。申为实沈，初毕十二度，终於井十五度。未为鹑首，初井十六度，终於柳八度。午为鹑火，初柳九度，终於张十七度。巳为鹑尾，初张十八度终，於轸十一度。辰为寿星，初轸十二度，终於氐四度。卯为大火，初氐五度，终於尾九度。寅为析木，初尾十度，终於斗十一度。”五星者，东方岁星，南方荧惑，西方太白，北方辰星，中央镇星，其行之迟速俱在《律历志》，不更烦说。《元命包》云：“日之为言实也。月，阙也。”刘熙《释名》云：“日，实也。光明盛实。月，阙也。满则阙也。”《说题辞》云：“星，阳精之荣也。阳精为日，日分为星，故其字日下生也。”《释名》云：“星，散也。布散於天。”又云：“阴，荫也。气在内奥荫也。阳，扬也。阳气在外发扬。”此等是阴阳日月之名也。《祭法》：“黄帝正名百物。”其名盖黄帝而有也，或後人更有增足。其天高地下、日盈月阙，觜星度少、井斗度多，日月右行、星辰左转，四游升降之差、二仪运动之法，非由人事所作，皆是造化自然。先儒因自然遂以人事为义，或据理是实，或扌虚不经，既无正文可冯，今皆略而不录。
穹(qiong)苍，苍天(tian)也。（天(tian)形穹(qiong)隆(long)，其色苍苍，因名(ming)云。）春为(wei)苍天(tian)，（万(wan)物(wu)苍苍然生。）夏为(wei)昊(hao)天(tian)，（言(yan)气告旰。）秋为(wei)天(tian)，（犹(you)愍也，愍万(wan)物(wu)落。）冬(dong)为(wei)上天(tian)。（言(yan)时(shi)(shi)无事，在(zai)上临下而已。）四时(shi)(shi)。
【疏】“穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)”至(zhi)(zhi)“四(si)时(shi)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)释(shi)(shi)四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗·大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)·桑柔》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“靡有旅力，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)念穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗人(ren)因(yin)(yin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)形(xing)穹(qiong)隆(long)，其(qi)色(se)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)。其(qi)实则(ze)与下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)形(xing)穹(qiong)隆(long)，其(qi)色(se)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，因(yin)(yin)名(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗·王风(feng)·黍离》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“悠(you)(you)悠(you)(you)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)春(chun)(chun)时(shi)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)，春(chun)(chun)时(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗·雨(yu)无正》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“浩浩昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。昊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)元(yuan)气(qi)博(bo)大(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)气(qi)告(gao)(gao)旰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，告(gao)(gao)旰，日光出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)畏日光明告(gao)(gao)旰，因(yin)(yin)名(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗·大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)·召》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)疾威”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类，，愍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)气(qi)肃杀(sha)，万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)可愍，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“犹(you)愍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，愍万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)落(luo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，，愍。《诗序》文(wen)但彼愍作闵，音义(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗·小(xiao)雅(ya)·信(xin)南(nan)山(shan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)同(tong)(tong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类，言(yan)(yan)(yan)冬(dong)(dong)时(shi)无事(shi)，唯(wei)在於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)时(shi)无事(shi)，在上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)临下(xia)而(er)(er)已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)冬(dong)(dong)气(qi)闭藏，无他(ta)生(sheng)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，唯(wei)在於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、监於(wu)下(xia)而(er)(er)已(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《诗》传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)体言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尊(zun)而(er)(er)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)皇天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；元(yuan)气(qi)广大(da)(da)(da)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；仁(ren)(ren)覆(fu)闵下(xia)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；自上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)降监，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；据远视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)然(ran)(ran)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”毛公此(ci)传(chuan)当有成文(wen)，不(bu)(bu)知出何书(shu)。李巡(xun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古诗人(ren)质，仰视天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)形(xing)穹(qiong)隆(long)而(er)(er)高，其(qi)色(se)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)穹(qiong)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)。”是(shi)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)体言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇，君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)尊(zun)而(er)(er)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)皇天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。昊，大(da)(da)(da)貌，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)混元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)昊昊广大(da)(da)(da)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。，闵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)慈(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)覆(fu)闵在下(xia)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。从(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)下(xia)视万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。据人(ren)远而(er)(er)视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)色(se)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)然(ran)(ran)，则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。又(you)李巡(xun)注此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春(chun)(chun)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)始生(sheng)，其(qi)色(se)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。夏(xia)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)盛壮，其(qi)气(qi)昊大(da)(da)(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)成孰，皆有文(wen)章(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。冬(dong)(dong)阴气(qi)在上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)伏藏，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”案(an)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)时(shi)异(yi)其(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)名(ming)。《诗》传(chuan)则(ze)各用(yong)所宜为(wei)(wei)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，似相乖异(yi)。而(er)(er)郑玄则(ze)和(he)(he)合(he)二说(shuo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)异(yi)义(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)号(hao)。今《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)》欧阳(yang)(yang)说(shuo)春(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，夏(xia)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，冬(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。古《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)》与《毛诗》同(tong)(tong)。谨(jin)案(an)：《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)·尧典》羲和(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)总敕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)时(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)独春(chun)(chun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左(zuo)传(chuan)》夏(xia)四(si)月，孔丘卒，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)吊(diao)”，非秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孔子门人(ren)所作，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)(shi)六艺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，盖不(bu)(bu)误(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。春(chun)(chun)气(qi)博(bo)施(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)广大(da)(da)(da)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夏(xia)气(qi)高明，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)远大(da)(da)(da)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)气(qi)或生(sheng)或杀(sha)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闵下(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。冬(dong)(dong)气(qi)闭藏而(er)(er)清察，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)监下(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。皇天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，至(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六艺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，诸称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)情(qing)所求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，非必於(wu)其(qi)时(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“浩浩昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”，求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)博(bo)施(shi)。“苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”，求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高明。“昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)吊(diao)”，求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)杀(sha)当得其(qi)宜。“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)同(tong)(tong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”，求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所为(wei)(wei)，当顺其(qi)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，犹(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)事(shi)，各从(cong)其(qi)主耳(er)。若察於(wu)是(shi)，则(ze)“尧命羲和(he)(he)，钦若昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”、“孔丘卒，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)吊(diao)”，无可怪(guai)耳(er)。是(shi)郑和(he)(he)合(he)二说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。欧阳(yang)(yang)说(shuo)春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，夏(xia)为(wei)(wei)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。郑即言(yan)(yan)(yan)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》不(bu)(bu)误(wu)，当从(cong)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》，而(er)(er)又(you)从(cong)欧阳(yang)(yang)说(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)昊夏(xia)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑读(du)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》与孙、郭(guo)本异(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)许慎既载今《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)》说(shuo)，即言(yan)(yan)(yan)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》，亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明见(jian)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》，与欧阳(yang)(yang)说(shuo)同(tong)(tong)，虽(sui)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)(cang)昊有春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殊(shu)，则(ze)未(wei)知孰是(shi)。要二说(shuo)理相符合(he)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑和(he)(he)而(er)(er)释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。○“四(si)时(shi)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)题上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)所陈，是(shi)四(si)时(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。题之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若周公践阼及《诗》篇章(zhang)，句皆篇末题之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)亦尔(er)(er)。《白(bai)虎(hu)通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁时(shi)何？谓春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)夏(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，阴阳(yang)(yang)消息之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《乡饮酒义(yi)(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蠢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，产万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)圣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)假也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，养之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)假之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan){秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)手(shou)}也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，{秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)手(shou)}之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，时(shi)察守(shou)义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)藏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青阳，（气(qi)清而(er)温阳。）夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱明(ming)，（气(qi)赤而(er)光(guang)明(ming)。）秋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白藏(zang)，（气(qi)白而(er)收(shou)藏(zang)。）冬(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)英(ying)。（气(qi)黑而(er)清英(ying)。）四气(qi)和(he)谓之玉烛(zhu)。（道光(guang)照。）春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)发生，夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)嬴，秋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)收(shou)成，冬(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安宁(ning)。（此亦四时(shi)(shi)之别号。《尸子》皆以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大平祥(xiang)风(feng)(feng)。）四时(shi)(shi)和(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通正(zheng)，（通平畅(chang)也。）谓之景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)。（所(suo)以致景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)。）甘雨时(shi)(shi)降(jiang)，万物以嘉，（莫不善之。）谓之醴(li)泉。（所(suo)以出醴(li)泉。）祥(xiang)。
【疏】“春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”至(zhi)“醴(li)泉”。○释曰：此释太平(ping)(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，四(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和畅以致(zhi)嘉(jia)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青阳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和，则青而温阳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)明”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和，则赤而光(guang)明也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“秋(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白藏(zang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和，则色白而收藏(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄英”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和，则黑(hei)而清英也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)烛”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“道光(guang)照(zhao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，道，言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)四(si)时(shi)和气(qi)(qi)(qi)，温润明照(zhao)，故曰玉(yu)烛。李巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“人(ren)君德(de)(de)美如(ru)玉(yu)而明若(ruo)(ruo)烛。”《聘义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君子(zi)比德(de)(de)於(wu)玉(yu)焉。”是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)人(ren)君若(ruo)(ruo)德(de)(de)辉动於(wu)内，则和气(qi)(qi)(qi)应於(wu)外，统而言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)烛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)发生(sheng)、夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)嬴、秋(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)收成、冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)宁”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此亦(yi)四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)时(shi)和为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)正(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功和，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)畅平(ping)(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)所以致(zhi)景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)即和风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“甘(gan)(gan)雨(yu)时(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、万(wan)物(wu)以嘉(jia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，嘉(jia)，善也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；甘(gan)(gan)雨(yu)即时(shi)雨(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)万(wan)物(wu)所苦(ku)，故曰甘(gan)(gan)。若(ruo)(ruo)《月令(ling)》苦(ku)雨(yu)数来，则非甘(gan)(gan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。甘(gan)(gan)雨(yu)既以时(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，则万(wan)物(wu)莫不(bu)(bu)嘉(jia)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)醴(li)泉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)四(si)时(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)畅，亦(yi)所以使(shi)地(di)出醴(li)泉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。醴(li)泉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，水泉味甘(gan)(gan)如(ru)醴(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)题上(shang)(shang)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，吉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，善也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)此上(shang)(shang)皆太平(ping)(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注“此亦(yi)”至(zhi)“祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”。○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此亦(yi)四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)与上(shang)(shang)青阳等同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)时(shi)别号，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亦(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)据(ju)气(qi)(qi)(qi)而言(yan)(yan)，此据(ju)功为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《尸子(zi)》皆以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太平(ping)(ping)(ping)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《尸子(zi)·仁意》篇述太平(ping)(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“烛於(wu)玉(yu)烛，饮於(wu)醴(li)泉，畅於(wu)永风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青阳，夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)明，秋(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白藏(zang)，冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄英，四(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)光(guang)：此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)玉(yu)烛。”甘(gan)(gan)雨(yu)时(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，万(wan)物(wu)以嘉(jia)，高者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)，下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)多(duo)：此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)醴(li)泉。其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)春为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)发生(sheng)，夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)嬴，秋(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方盛(sheng)，冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安(an)静(jing)，四(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)和为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)正(zheng)(zheng)：此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)永风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○注“所以出醴(li)泉”。○释曰：案(an)《援神契》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“德(de)(de)及於(wu)天(tian)，斗极明，日月光(guang)，甘(gan)(gan)露降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；德(de)(de)至(zhi)深泉，则黄龙见，醴(li)泉涌。”是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)德(de)(de)以召和平(ping)(ping)(ping)，则致(zhi)景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)醴(li)泉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)此经所释，即谓(wei)发生(sheng)等为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，时(shi)雨(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)醴(li)泉。而郭云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)所以致(zhi)景(jing)(jing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、醴(li)泉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所以弘(hong)通(tong)其义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
不(bu)(bu)熟为(wei)饥，（五不(bu)(bu)成。）蔬不(bu)(bu)熟为(wei)馑，（凡草(cao)菜可食者，通名为(wei)蔬。）果(guo)不(bu)(bu)熟为(wei)荒，（果(guo)，木子。）仍(reng)饥为(wei)荐。（连岁(sui)不(bu)(bu)熟，《左传》曰：“今又荐饥。”○荐，贱。）灾。
【疏】“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”至“为荐(jian)”。○释曰：此释岁凶灾荒之名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)，黍(shu)、稷、麻、麦、豆也(ye)(ye)(ye)。熟，成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)曰饥(ji)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡草菜(cai)(cai)可(ke)食者(zhe)，通(tong)名(ming)蔬。”李巡曰：“可(ke)食之菜(cai)(cai)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟为馑。”《周礼(li)·天(tian)官·大宰职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以九职任(ren)万民(min)(min)，八曰臣妾聚敛疏(shu)材。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“疏(shu)材，百草根(gen)实可(ke)食者(zhe)。”《小雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“降丧饥(ji)馑。”襄十四年《梁传(chuan)》曰：“一不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之兼，二(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之饥(ji)，三不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之馑，四不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之康，五(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之大饥(ji)，又(you)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之大侵。”彼(bi)以五(wu)(wu)熟之多少立差等之名(ming)，其实五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)皆是(shi)饥(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)，於民(min)(min)乏困，盖与蔬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟同，故俱名(ming)为馑也(ye)(ye)(ye)。果，木(mu)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)熟之岁名(ming)荒。仍，因(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。相因(yin)(yin)而(er)饥(ji)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)连岁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟也(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖十三年晋(jin)(jin)(jin)荐(jian)饥(ji)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“灾”者(zhe)，亦题(ti)上事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下皆仿此。○注“《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰：今(jin)又(you)荐(jian)饥(ji)”。○释曰：此《晋(jin)(jin)(jin)语》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。左(zuo)(zuo)丘(qiu)(qiu)明(ming)既作(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)以解《春秋》，又(you)采简牍(du)以作(zuo)(zuo)《国(guo)语》，其文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主(zhu)於经，故谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之“外传(chuan)”，俱是(shi)丘(qiu)(qiu)明(ming)所作(zuo)(zuo)，亦得云(yun)(yun)(yun)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰。案彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)饥(ji)，乞籴(di)於秦。丕豹曰：晋(jin)(jin)(jin)君无礼(li)於君，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知。往年有难，今(jin)又(you)荐(jian)饥(ji)。己失(shi)人(ren)，又(you)失(shi)天(tian)，其殃也(ye)(ye)(ye)多矣(yi)。君其伐之，勿(wu)与籴(di)。”是(shi)其事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大岁在(zai)(zai)(zai)甲曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阏逢，在(zai)(zai)(zai)乙曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)旃蒙(meng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)丙曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柔兆，在(zai)(zai)(zai)丁(ding)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)强圉，在(zai)(zai)(zai)戊曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)著雍，在(zai)(zai)(zai)已(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)屠(tu)维，在(zai)(zai)(zai)庚曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上章，在(zai)(zai)(zai)辛曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)重光，在(zai)(zai)(zai)壬曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)玄，在(zai)(zai)(zai)癸曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)昭阳(yang)。（阏，乌(wu)割切(qie)。著，直略切(qie)。重，直龙切(qie)。音亦。）岁阳(yang)。○大岁在(zai)(zai)(zai)寅曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)摄提格，在(zai)(zai)(zai)卯曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)单阏，在(zai)(zai)(zai)辰曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)执徐(xu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)巳曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大荒落，在(zai)(zai)(zai)午曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)敦，在(zai)(zai)(zai)未曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)协洽，在(zai)(zai)(zai)申曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)滩，在(zai)(zai)(zai)酉曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)作噩(e)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)戌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阉茂，在(zai)(zai)(zai)亥曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大渊献，在(zai)(zai)(zai)子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)困敦，在(zai)(zai)(zai)丑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)赤奋若。（音臧(zang)。洽，夹。，汤昆切(qie)。噩(e)，五各(ge)切(qie)。阉音俺。敦，顿。）
【疏】“太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)甲”至(zhi)“赤奋若”。○释曰：此(ci)别(bie)太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)日(ri)在(zai)(zai)辰之名(ming)也。甲至(zhi)癸为十(shi)日(ri)，日(ri)为阳(yang)。寅(yin)至(zhi)丑(chou)为十(shi)二辰，辰为阴。案《汉书(shu)·律历(li)志》云：“乃以(yi)前历(li)上元(yuan)泰初四千六百二十(shi)七岁(sui)(sui)，至(zhi)於(wu)元(yuan)封七年，复得(de)阏(yan)(yan)逢(feng)摄(she)提格之义(yi)。中(zhong)冬。”孟康曰：“言(yan)复得(de)者，上元(yuan)泰初时(shi)亦(yi)是阏(yan)(yan)逢(feng)之岁(sui)(sui)。岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)甲曰阏(yan)(yan)逢(feng)，在(zai)(zai)寅(yin)曰摄(she)提格，此(ci)谓甲寅(yin)之岁(sui)(sui)也。”然则乙卯(mao)之岁(sui)(sui)曰旃蒙(meng)单阏(yan)(yan)，丙(bing)辰之岁(sui)(sui)曰柔兆执徐，丁巳之岁(sui)(sui)曰强圉(yu)大(da)荒(huang)落，戊午(wu)之岁(sui)(sui)曰著雍敦，已未(wei)之岁(sui)(sui)曰屠维(wei)协洽，庚申之岁(sui)(sui)曰上章滩，辛酉之岁(sui)(sui)曰重光作噩，壬戌之岁(sui)(sui)曰玄阉茂(mao)，癸亥(hai)之岁(sui)(sui)曰昭阳(yang)大(da)渊献(xian)，甲子之岁(sui)(sui)曰阏(yan)(yan)逢(feng)困(kun)敦，乙丑(chou)之岁(sui)(sui)曰旃蒙(meng)赤奋若。以(yi)此(ci)推之，周而复始(shi)可知。
载，岁也(ye)。夏曰岁，（取(qu)(qu)岁星行一次。）商曰祀，（取(qu)(qu)四时一终。）周曰年，（取(qu)(qu)禾一熟。）唐虞曰载。（取(qu)(qu)物终更(geng)始(shi)。）岁名(ming)。
【疏】“载岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”至“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)载”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：别年岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。载即(ji)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白虎通(tong)》云：“王者(zhe)受命(ming)而改正(zheng)朔者(zhe)，明易姓(xing)示不相袭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明受之(zhi)於(wu)天(tian)。不受之(zhi)於(wu)人。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)变易民心，革其(qi)耳目，以(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)化也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)名(ming)(ming)变易，理亦同此。故(gu)夏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)，取岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。《夏书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“每岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)孟春，遒人以(yi)(yi)(yi)木铎(duo)徇于(yu)路。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。商(shang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)，取四(si)时一(yi)(yi)(yi)终(zhong)。则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)者(zhe)嗣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，取其(qi)兴(xing)来继往(wang)之(zhi)义。孙炎(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“取四(si)时祭祀(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)讫。”《商(shang)书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“惟元(yuan)祀(si)十(shi)(shi)有二月(yue)乙丑，伊尹嗣于(yu)先(xian)王。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)年者(zhe)，取禾(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)熟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《说文》云：“年，熟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。从禾(he)(he)千声(sheng)。《春秋》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：大(da)有年。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)年者(zhe)禾(he)(he)熟之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)。每岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)熟，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)名(ming)(ming)。《左传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“卜年七(qi)百。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。唐(tang)虞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)载，载，始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。取物终(zhong)更始(shi)。《尧典》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“朕在(zai)位(wei)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)载。”《舜(shun)典》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“五载一(yi)(yi)(yi)巡守(shou)。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注“取岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：案(an)《律历志》分二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)(su)为十(shi)(shi)二次(ci)，晋灼(zhuo)注《天(tian)文志》云：“太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)四(si)仲(zhong)则(ze)(ze)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)行(xing)三宿(su)(su)(su)，太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)四(si)孟、四(si)季(ji)则(ze)(ze)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)行(xing)二宿(su)(su)(su)。二八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)六，三四(si)十(shi)(shi)二，而行(xing)二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)(su)(su)，十(shi)(shi)二岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)而周天(tian)。”是(shi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)年行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
月(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)甲曰(yue)毕，在(zai)(zai)乙曰(yue)橘，在(zai)(zai)丙曰(yue)修(xiu)，在(zai)(zai)丁曰(yue)圉，在(zai)(zai)戊(wu)曰(yue)厉，在(zai)(zai)已曰(yue)则，在(zai)(zai)庚曰(yue)窒(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)辛曰(yue)塞(sai)，在(zai)(zai)壬曰(yue)终，在(zai)(zai)癸曰(yue)极。（窒(zhi)，知(zhi)乙切(qie)。塞(sai)，先北切(qie)。）月(yue)(yue)(yue)阳。○正月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)陬，（《离骚》云(yun)：“摄提贞於孟陬。”）二月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)如(ru)，三月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei){穴(xue)(xue)丙}，四月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)余，五月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)皋，六月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)且，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)相，八月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)壮，九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)玄，（《国语》云(yun)：“至於玄月(yue)(yue)(yue)。”是也。○{穴(xue)(xue)丙}，孚柄切(qie)。且，子余切(qie)。相，息(xi)亮切(qie)。）十月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)阳，（纯阳用事(shi)，嫌於无阳，故以名云(yun)。）十一月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)辜，十二月(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)涂。（皆月(yue)(yue)(yue)之别名，自(zi)岁阳至此，其事(shi)义(yi)皆所未详通者，故阙(que)而(er)不论(lun)。○涂音徒。）月(yue)(yue)(yue)名。
【疏】“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在甲(jia)(jia)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)名(ming)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)：此(ci)(ci)辨(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)配月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。设若正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)甲(jia)(jia)则(ze)曰(yue)毕(bi)陬，二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)乙则(ze)曰(yue)橘如(ru)，三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)丙(bing)则(ze)曰(yue){穴(xue)丙(bing)}，四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)丁(ding)则(ze)曰(yue)圉余，五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)戊则(ze)曰(yue)厉皋，六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)已(yi)(yi)则(ze)曰(yue)毕(bi)且(qie)，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)庚则(ze)曰(yue)窒相，八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)辛(xin)则(ze)曰(yue)塞(sai)壮，九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)壬则(ze)曰(yue)终玄，十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)癸(gui)则(ze)曰(yue)极阳(yang)(yang)，十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)甲(jia)(jia)则(ze)曰(yue)毕(bi)辜，十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)(de)乙则(ze)曰(yue)橘涂，周而(er)复(fu)始，亦可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若《史记·历(li)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)名(ming)毕(bi)聚(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○注(zhu)“离(li)骚”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“孟(meng)陬。○释(shi)曰(yue)：《离(li)骚》者(zhe)，屈(qu)原之(zhi)所作也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。屈(qu)原与(yu)楚同姓，仕怀王，为(wei)(wei)三(san)闾大夫(fu)。为(wei)(wei)大夫(fu)靳尚所谮毁见疏(shu)，乃(nai)作《离(li)骚》经(jing)(jing)。离(li)，别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。骚，愁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)已(yi)(yi)放逐离(li)别，心中(zhong)愁思，犹陈正道(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)讽谏(jian)(jian)君也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其经(jing)(jing)曰(yue)：“帝高阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)苗裔兮(xi)，朕皇考曰(yue)伯庸(yong)。摄(she)提贞於孟(meng)陬兮(xi)，惟(wei)庚寅吾(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)降。”彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)已(yi)(yi)生(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)(de)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)正中(zhong)。”是(shi)(shi)引(yin)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)证正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)陬之(zhi)义。○注(zhu)“《国语(yu)》”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)：此(ci)(ci)《越(yue)语(yu)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“越(yue)王将伐吴，范蠡谏(jian)(jian)曰(yue)：‘王姑(gu)待之(zhi)。’至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於玄月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，王召范蠡而(er)问焉(yan)。”彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鲁哀(ai)公(gong)十(shi)(shi)六年九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)七年三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，越(yue)伐吴。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)证九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)玄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)“纯(chun)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“名(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)：“纯(chun)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)用事(shi)(shi)，嫌(xian)於无(wu)阳(yang)(yang)，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《易》言(yan)之(zhi)，五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一阴(yin)(yin)(yin)生(sheng)，十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)纯(chun)坤用事(shi)(shi)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“纯(chun)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)用事(shi)(shi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)嫌(xian)者(zhe)，君子(zi)爱(ai)阳(yang)(yang)而(er)恶阴(yin)(yin)(yin)，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)阳(yang)(yang)名(ming)之(zhi)。无(wu)阳(yang)(yang)而(er)得(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)名(ming)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)分阴(yin)(yin)(yin)分阳(yang)(yang)，迭(die)用柔(rou)刚(gang)，十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)消息，见其用事(shi)(shi)耳。其实阴(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)常(chang)有(you)，《诗纬》曰(yue)：“阳(yang)(yang)生(sheng)酉(you)仲(zhong)，阴(yin)(yin)(yin)生(sheng)戌仲(zhong)。”是(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)兼(jian)有(you)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)秀，靡草(cao)死，岂无(wu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)乎？明阴(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)常(chang)兼(jian)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗·小雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阳(yang)(yang)止。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)“皆(jie)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“不论”。○释(shi)曰(yue)：言(yan)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)陬已(yi)(yi)下皆(jie)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)别名(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自岁阳(yang)(yang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)，谓自阏逢以(yi)(yi)(yi)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其事(shi)(shi)义皆(jie)所未(wei)详通者(zhe)”，案(an)(an)李巡、孙炎虽(sui)各有(you)其说，皆(jie)构虚不经(jing)(jing)，疑事(shi)(shi)无(wu)质，故阙(que)而(er)不论。
南风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》曰：“凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)自南。”）东风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)谷(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“习习谷(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。”）北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)凉风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)其凉。”）西风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)泰(tai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“泰(tai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有隧。”）焚轮谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)，（暴(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从上下(xia)。○，徒回切(qie)。）扶摇谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)。（暴(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从下(xia)上。○，必(bi)遥切(qie)。）风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)与火为(wei)(wei)(wei)<广屯(tun)>，（<广屯(tun)>々，炽(chi)盛之(zhi)貌。○<广屯(tun)>，徒衮切(qie)。）回风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)飘。（旋风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也。○飘音(yin)瓢(piao)。）○日(ri)出而(er)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)暴(bao)，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“终风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且暴(bao)。”）风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)土为(wei)(wei)(wei)霾，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“终风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且霾。”○雨(yu)(yu)(yu)音(yin)预。）阴而(er)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)а。（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“终风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且а。”○а，於计切(qie)。）天气(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)地不应曰{矛}，（言蒙(meng)昧。○应音(yin)Ζ。）地气(qi)(qi)(qi)发(fa)天不应曰雾，雾谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)晦。（言晦冥。）くぐ谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)雩(yu)。くぐ，虹也。（俗名(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)美(mei)人(ren)虹，江东呼雩(yu)。○く音(yin)帝(di)。ぐ，丁孔切(qie)。雩(yu)，于句(ju)切(qie)。）为(wei)(wei)(wei)挈贰。（，雌(ci)虹也，见(jian)(jian)《离骚》。挈贰，其别名(ming)，见(jian)(jian)《尸(shi)子》。○挈，若结。）日(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)蔽云，（即晕气(qi)(qi)(qi)五彩覆日(ri)也。○，掩。）疾雷(lei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)霆霓(ni)，（雷(lei)之(zhi)急击(ji)者谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霹雳。○霆，廷(ting)。霓(ni)，宜(yi)。）雨(yu)(yu)(yu){见(jian)(jian)}为(wei)(wei)(wei)霄雪。（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“如彼雨(yu)(yu)(yu)雪，先集维{见(jian)(jian)}。”{见(jian)(jian)}，水雪杂下(xia)者，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)消(xiao)雪。○{见(jian)(jian)}，醉(zui)见(jian)(jian)切(qie)。）暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)氵(shui)东，（今(jin)江东人(ren)呼夏月(yue)暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氵(shui)东雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。《离骚》云：“令飘风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兮先驱，使氵(shui)东雨(yu)(yu)(yu)兮洒(sa)尘。”是也。○氵(shui)东音(yin)东西之(zhi)东。）小雨(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)，（《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》云：“益之(zhi)以。”○，墨。，木。）久雨(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)淫(yin)。（《左传》曰：“天作淫(yin)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。”）淫(yin)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)霖。（雨(yu)(yu)(yu)自三日(ri)巳上为(wei)(wei)(wei)霖。）济谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)霁(ji)。（今(jin)南阳(yang)人(ren)呼雨(yu)(yu)(yu)止为(wei)(wei)(wei)霁(ji)。○济音(yin)荠。霁(ji)，徂(cu)计切(qie)。）风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)。
【疏】“南(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”至“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)释风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)以动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以润之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“润之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”《洪范》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)星则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)相(xiang)将之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)比类聚(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“南(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李(li)巡(xun)(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“南(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)长(zhang)养(yang)万(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，万(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)喜乐，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。凯，乐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氏(shi)无说，义(yi)或当然(ran)。《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)自(zi)南(nan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“东(dong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“谷(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，，生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谷(gu)(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，生长(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“习(xi)习(xi)谷(gu)(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凉(liang)(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)凉(liang)(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，言(yan)(yan)北方寒凉(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》：“孟秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)凉(liang)(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至。”《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)其凉(liang)(liang)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“西(xi)(xi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泰(tai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“西(xi)(xi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)成物(wu)(wu)(wu)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)丰泰(tai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《诗(shi)·大(da)雅·桑柔》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“泰(tai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)隧。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“焚轮(lun)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颓(tui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李(li)巡(xun)(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“焚轮(lun)，暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)来降谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颓(tui)。颓(tui)，下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“回风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，从(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)颓(tui)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)。”与(yu)李(li)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)·小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“习(xi)习(xi)谷(gu)(gu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，维(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)及颓(tui)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“扶(fu)(fu)摇(yao)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李(li)巡(xun)(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“扶(fu)(fu)摇(yao)，暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从(cong)下(xia)(xia)升上(shang)(shang)(shang)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。，上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“回风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从(cong)下(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)从(cong)下(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。”亦用李(li)说。《庄子(zi)》说鹏云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“抟扶(fu)(fu)摇(yao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)万(wan)里。”《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》：“孟春行秋令(ling)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)总至。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)与(yu)火(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)<广(guang)屯(tun)>”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“<广(guang)屯(tun)>々，炽(chi)(chi)盛(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌。”言(yan)(yan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)自(zi)火(huo)出，火(huo)因(yin)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)炽(chi)(chi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)大(da)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)<广(guang)屯(tun)>。○“回风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飘(piao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“旋风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”李(li)巡(xun)(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飘(piao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，别(bie)二名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《诗(shi)·蓼莪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“飘(piao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)发(fa)发(fa)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“日(ri)(ri)出而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“阴(yin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)兴而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)起。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)疾，故(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“终(zhong)(zhong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且(qie)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。”毛传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，疾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“大(da)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扬(yang)尘，土(tu)从(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“终(zhong)(zhong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且(qie)霾。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“阴(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)а”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)а日(ri)(ri)光。”《诗(shi)·邶(bei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“终(zhong)(zhong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)且(qie)а。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“天(tian)气(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)地不(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue){矛(mao)}”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)(yan)蒙(meng)昧(mei)。”《洪范》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue){矛(mao)}。”郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“{矛(mao)}声(sheng)近蒙(meng)。”《诗(shi)》：“零雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其蒙(meng)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze){矛(mao)}是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)气(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)降，地气(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)蒙(meng)ウ也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“地气(qi)(qi)(qi)发(fa)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雾，雾谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晦(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)(yan)晦(hui)冥。”《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》：“仲冬行夏令(ling)，氛雾冥冥。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“霜露之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)散(san)相(xiang)乱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)地气(qi)(qi)(qi)发(fa)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氛雾。雾又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)晦(hui)。《春秋》僖十五年(nian)(nian)：“已(yi)卯，晦(hui)震(zhen)夷伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙。”《公羊》、《梁(liang)》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“晦(hui)，冥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。○“くぐ谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雩。くぐ，虹(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“俗名(ming)(ming)(ming)美人虹(hong)(hong)(hong)，江东(dong)呼雩。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)くぐ一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)雩，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)虹(hong)(hong)(hong)。《诗(shi)·风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“ぐ在(zai)(zai)东(dong)。”《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》：“季(ji)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)虹(hong)(hong)(hong)始见(jian)(jian)。”《音义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“虹(hong)(hong)(hong)双出，色(se)鲜(xian)盛(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雄，雄曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虹(hong)(hong)(hong)。ウ者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雌，雌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”虹(hong)(hong)(hong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阴(yin)阳交会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)，纯(chun)阴(yin)纯(chun)阳则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虹(hong)(hong)(hong)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)。若云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)薄(bo)(bo)漏日(ri)(ri)，日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)滴，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)虹(hong)(hong)(hong)生。く与(yu)音义(yi)同(tong)(tong)。○“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)挈(qie)(qie)贰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，，雌虹(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)挈(qie)(qie)贰。《说文》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“霓(ni)(ni)，屈虹(hong)(hong)(hong)，青赤(chi)或白色(se)，阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“见(jian)(jian)《离骚(sao)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)《天(tian)问(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)婴，胡为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)堂？”及《远游》章云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“雌便以曾桡兮(xi)(xi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。挈(qie)(qie)贰，其别(bie)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文见(jian)(jian)《尸(shi)子(zi)》。○“日(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蔽(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“即(ji)晕气(qi)(qi)(qi)五彩覆(fu)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)晕气(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)名(ming)(ming)(ming)蔽(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。《周礼·春官(guan)》：“氐掌十之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。”郑司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)光К。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“疾雷(lei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霆霓(ni)(ni)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“雷(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急击者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霹雳(li)。”案(an)《说文》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“霆，雷(lei)馀声(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，铃(ling)铃(ling)所(suo)以捷出万(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“震(zhen)，劈(pi)历振物(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)疾雷(lei)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)霆霓(ni)(ni)，又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)震(zhen)。《春秋》：“震(zhen)夷伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)劈(pi)历破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。霹雳(li)，俗字也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)霓(ni)(ni)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霄(xiao)雪(xue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，霓(ni)(ni)，水雪(xue)杂下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，因(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)霄(xiao)雪(xue)，霄(xiao)即(ji)消也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)·小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅·弁》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“如彼雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雪(xue)，先集维(wei)霰(xian)(xian)。”郑笺(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“将大(da)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雪(xue)，始必(bi)徵，温雪(xue)自(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)，遇温气(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)搏，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霰(xian)(xian)。”案(an)《大(da)戴礼》：曾子(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专(zhuan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霰(xian)(xian)，阴(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专(zhuan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雹。盛(sheng)(sheng)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)温暖，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)薄(bo)(bo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)胁(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)入，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)搏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。盛(sheng)(sheng)阴(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)凝滞而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雪(xue)，阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)薄(bo)(bo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)胁(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)入，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)消散(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)，因(yin)水而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霰(xian)(xian)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)霰(xian)(xian)由阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)薄(bo)(bo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)郑言(yan)(yan)遇温气(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)搏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。{见(jian)(jian)}与(yu)霰(xian)(xian)音义(yi)同(tong)(tong)。○“暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氵东(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)骤雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)氵东(dong)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今江东(dong)人呼夏月(yue)(yue)(yue)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氵东(dong)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。《离骚(sao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘令(ling)飘(piao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兮(xi)(xi)先驱，使(shi)氵东(dong)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兮(xi)(xi)洒尘。’是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)《离骚(sao)·九(jiu)歌·大(da)司命(ming)》文。案(an)彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“广(guang)开兮(xi)(xi)天(tian)门(men)，纷吾乘兮(xi)(xi)玄云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。令(ling)飘(piao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兮(xi)(xi)先驱，使(shi)氵东(dong)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兮(xi)(xi)洒尘。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)雅·信南(nan)山》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李(li)巡(xun)(xun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“冰雪(xue)俱下(xia)(xia)。”案(an)此(ci)文上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)暴(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)久(jiu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，於(wu)中间无雪(xue)事(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)冰雪(xue)俱下(xia)(xia)，妄矣。○“久(jiu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淫(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，淫(yin)(yin)，过也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。久(jiu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)过多(duo)，害於(wu)五稼，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淫(yin)(yin)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》：“季(ji)春行秋令(ling)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)多(duo)沈(shen)阴(yin)，淫(yin)(yin)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)早降。”谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)久(jiu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《左(zuo)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：天(tian)作(zuo)淫(yin)(yin)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，庄十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)传文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“淫(yin)(yin)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霖(lin)(lin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，淫(yin)(yin)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)霖(lin)(lin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)三(san)日(ri)(ri)已(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霖(lin)(lin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，隐九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“济谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霁(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，济，止(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)止(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)霁(ji)(ji)(ji)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今南(nan)阳人呼雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)止(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霁(ji)(ji)(ji)。”《书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)霁(ji)(ji)(ji)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，题上(shang)(shang)(shang)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)，角(jiao)、亢(kang)也(ye)。（数起角(jiao)、亢(kang)，列宿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长，故曰(yue)寿。○亢(kang)音刚。）天(tian)根(gen)，氐也(ye)。（角(jiao)亢(kang)下(xia)系(xi)於(wu)氐，若木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有根(gen)。○氐音低。）天(tian)驷，房也(ye)。（龙为(wei)天(tian)马，故房四(si)(si)(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)驷。）大辰(chen)，房、心、尾(wei)也(ye)，（龙星(xing)(xing)(xing)明(ming)(ming)者，以为(wei)时候，故曰(yue)大辰(chen)。）大火(huo)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大辰(chen)。（大火(huo)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)，在中最明(ming)(ming)，故时候主焉。）析(xi)木谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津(jin)，（即汉(han)津(jin)也(ye)。○析(xi)，昔(xi)。）箕、斗(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)，汉(han)津(jin)也(ye)。（箕，龙尾(wei)。斗(dou)，南斗(dou)，天(tian)汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津(jin)梁(liang)。）星(xing)(xing)(xing)纪，斗(dou)、牵(qian)(qian)牛也(ye)。（牵(qian)(qian)牛、斗(dou)者，日月五星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所终始，故谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)纪。）玄枵，虚(xu)(xu)也(ye)。（虚(xu)(xu)在正北(bei)(bei)，北(bei)(bei)方色黑(hei)。枵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)耗，耗亦(yi)虚(xu)(xu)意。○枵，许娇切(qie)(qie)。）颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚(xu)(xu)，虚(xu)(xu)也(ye)。（颛(zhuan)顼(xu)水德(de)，位(wei)在北(bei)(bei)方。○颛(zhuan)，专。顼(xu)，旭。）北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)，虚(xu)(xu)也(ye)。（虚(xu)(xu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名凡四(si)(si)(si)。○虚(xu)(xu)，墟。）营室(shi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)。（定(ding)，正也(ye)。作宫室(shi)皆以营室(shi)中为(wei)正。○定(ding)，多佞切(qie)(qie)。）И觜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)，营室(shi)、东(dong)壁也(ye)。（营室(shi)、东(dong)壁，星(xing)(xing)(xing)四(si)(si)(si)方似口(kou)，因名云。○И，子余切(qie)(qie)。觜，咨(zi)。）降娄，奎、娄也(ye)。（奎为(wei)沟渎，故名降。○降，户江切(qie)(qie)。）大梁(liang)，昴(mao)也(ye)。西陆(lu)，昴(mao)也(ye)。（昴(mao)，西方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿，别(bie)名旄头。）浊(zhuo)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕，（掩兔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕，或呼为(wei)浊(zhuo)，因星(xing)(xing)(xing)形以名。）朱(zhu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柳。（朱(zhu)，朱(zhu)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)。○朱(zhu)，猪究切(qie)(qie)。）柳，鹑火(huo)也(ye)。（鹑，鸟名。火(huo)属南方。）北(bei)(bei)极谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)，（北(bei)(bei)极，天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，以正四(si)(si)(si)时。）何鼓(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牵(qian)(qian)牛，（今荆楚人呼牵(qian)(qian)牛星(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)檐鼓(gu)。檐者何也(ye)。○何，胡(hu)可切(qie)(qie)。）明(ming)(ming)星(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)启(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)。（太白(bai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。晨见东(dong)方为(wei)启(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)，昏见西方为(wei)太白(bai)。○启(qi)(qi)(qi)，启(qi)(qi)(qi)。）彗星(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)枪(qiang)，（亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)，言(yan)其形孛(bei)(bei)(bei)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)似埽彗。○，初衔。枪(qiang)，初庚(geng)。）奔星(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)彳(chi)勺约(yue)。（流星(xing)(xing)(xing)。○彳(chi)勺，蒲握切(qie)(qie)。约(yue)音药。）星(xing)(xing)(xing)名。
【疏】“寿(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”至(zhi)“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)别星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《周(zhou)礼·保章氏(shi)》“以(yi)(yi)(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)辨九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地所(suo)封(feng)，封(feng)域皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)观妖祥(xiang)”，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)界则(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)。诸(zhu)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)域，於(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)焉(yan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)亡(wang)(wang)矣。堪(kan)舆(yu)虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)郡国(guo)所(suo)入度，非古数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)存可(ke)(ke)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)，吴越也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)，齐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。И訾(zi)，卫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)，鲁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)梁(liang)，赵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。实(shi)沈，晋(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)首(shou)(shou)，秦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)火(huo)，周(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)尾(wei)(wei)，楚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寿(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)，宋(song)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)，燕(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)《汉(han)(han)(han)书(shu)·律(lv)历(li)志(zhi)(zhi)》：东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)：角(jiao)(jiao)、亢(kang)、氐、房(fang)(fang)、心(xin)、尾(wei)(wei)、箕(ji)(ji)。北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)：斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、牛(niu)、女、虚(xu)、危、室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、壁。西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)：奎、娄(lou)(lou)(lou)、胃、昴(mao)(mao)(mao)、毕(bi)(bi)(bi)、觜、参。南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)：井、鬼(gui)、柳(liu)、星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、张(zhang)、翼、轸。宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)凡(fan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八。此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)所(suo)释(shi)(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，惟有(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。惟十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《尔(er)雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)释(shi)(shi)六所(suo)载(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)不(bu)(bu)载(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)阙焉(yan)。○“寿(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，角(jiao)(jiao)、亢(kang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)寿(shou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)值角(jiao)(jiao)、亢(kang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“数起角(jiao)(jiao)、亢(kang)，列宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寿(shou)。”《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)宫苍(cang)龙(long)(long)(long)，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)，理；右角(jiao)(jiao)，将(jiang)(jiang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)角(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王帝(di)坐廷。亢(kang)主宗庙”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)根(gen)(gen)，氐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，氐，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)根(gen)(gen)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“角(jiao)(jiao)亢(kang)下(xia)(xia)系(xi)於(wu)氐，若木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)根(gen)(gen)。”《国(guo)语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)根(gen)(gen)见而(er)(er)(er)(er)水(shui)涸(he)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)(si)，房(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，房(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龙(long)(long)(long)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)马(ma)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)房(fang)(fang)驷(si)(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)(si)。”《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“房(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)府，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)(si)。”《国(guo)语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“月(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)(si)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，房(fang)(fang)、心(xin)、尾(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，房(fang)(fang)、心(xin)、尾(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辰(chen)，时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龙(long)(long)(long)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)时(shi)候(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)。”《春(chun)(chun)秋》昭(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“冬，有(you)(you)(you)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)於(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李(li)巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)，苍(cang)龙(long)(long)(long)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)心(xin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)候(hou)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)，心(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)最明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)时(shi)候(hou)主焉(yan)。”《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津，箕(ji)(ji)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，汉(han)(han)(han)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津，箕(ji)(ji)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“析(xi)(xi)别水(shui)木(mu)(mu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)箕(ji)(ji)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)汉(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”刘炫谓(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)汉(han)(han)(han)即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)河也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)河在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)箕(ji)(ji)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，箕(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)木(mu)(mu)位(wei)，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)位(wei)，分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)水(shui)木(mu)(mu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)箕(ji)(ji)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隔，隔河须津梁(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)度，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)析(xi)(xi)水(shui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)自(zi)南(nan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)尽北(bei)(bei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)依此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“箕(ji)(ji)，龙(long)(long)(long)尾(wei)(wei)；斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)，南(nan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)汉(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津梁(liang)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，各(ge)成一(yi)(yi)形(xing)。东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)成龙(long)(long)(long)形(xing)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)成虎形(xing)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)南(nan)首(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)北(bei)(bei)尾(wei)(wei)；南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)成鸟(niao)(niao)形(xing)，北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)成龟(gui)形(xing)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)西(xi)(xi)(xi)首(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)东(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)(wei)。箕(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苍(cang)龙(long)(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龙(long)(long)(long)尾(wei)(wei)；斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至(zhi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)即(ji)见，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。昭(zhao)(zhao)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“今在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津。”《国(guo)语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津。”皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案经(jing)典但有(you)(you)(you)析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津，无析(xi)(xi)木(mu)(mu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津。今定(ding)本(ben)有(you)(you)(you)“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)”字，因(yin)(yin)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“即(ji)汉(han)(han)(han)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，误矣。○“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)，斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)、斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)终始，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)。”《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)，虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)，虚(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“虚(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)北(bei)(bei)，北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)色(se)黑。枵(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)毛，毛亦(yi)虚(xu)意(yi)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)色(se)黑而(er)(er)(er)(er)虚(xu)毛，故(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)。案襄(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春(chun)(chun)，无冰。梓慎(shen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘今兹宋(song)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)饥(ji)乎！’岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)淫於(wu)玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)时(shi)，阴(yin)不(bu)(bu)堪(kan)阳。蛇乘龙(long)(long)(long)；龙(long)(long)(long)，宋(song)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋(song)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必饥(ji)。玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)，虚(xu)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。枵(xiao)(xiao)，毛名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。土(tu)虚(xu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)民毛，不(bu)(bu)饥(ji)何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)？”颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“颛(zhuan)顼(xu)水(shui)德，位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)，玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)三宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，又(you)虚(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，颛(zhuan)顼(xu)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)虚(xu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礻(shi)卑灶言(yan)(yan)於(wu)子(zi)产曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘今兹岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚(xu)。’”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，虚(xu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)又(you)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，虚(xu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)(zang)冰。”杜注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)无正(zheng)(zheng)训(xun)，各(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi)耳。要(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)虚(xu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“虚(xu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)凡(fan)四(si)(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄(xuan)枵(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，颛(zhuan)顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)定(ding)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“定(ding)，正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)宫室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)。”《诗(shi)·风》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)，作(zuo)于楚宫。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“定(ding)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)昏中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)正(zheng)(zheng)，於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)营(ying)制宫室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”“И訾(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)(kou)，营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、东(dong)(dong)(dong)壁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，И訾(zi)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、壁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。壁居(ju)南(nan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)。孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“И訾(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹则(ze)(ze)(ze)口(kou)(kou)开方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、东(dong)(dong)(dong)壁，四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)似口(kou)(kou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、东(dong)(dong)(dong)壁，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)似口(kou)(kou)，因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。”由(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)营(ying)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与东(dong)(dong)(dong)壁相成，故(gu)(gu)(gu)得正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。襄(xiang)(xiang)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)И訾(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)(kou)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)，奎、娄(lou)(lou)(lou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)，奎、娄(lou)(lou)(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“降，下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。奎为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沟渎(du)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)称降也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奎为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沟渎(du)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)降”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《汉(han)(han)(han)书(shu)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“奎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)封(feng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沟渎(du)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案襄(xiang)(xiang)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)公孙(sun)挥(hui)与礻(shi)卑灶晨过伯有(you)(you)(you)氏(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)门上生(sheng)莠。子(zi)羽曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)莠犹(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)乎？’於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)，降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)旦，礻(shi)卑灶指之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘犹(you)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)终岁(sui)，岁(sui)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’已及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)И觜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)(kou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)乃及(ji)降娄(lou)(lou)(lou)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)梁(liang)，昴(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，昴(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)梁(liang)，昴(mao)(mao)(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昴(mao)(mao)(mao)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，昴(mao)(mao)(mao)又(you)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。昭(zhao)(zhao)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)(zang)冰，西(xi)(xi)(xi)陆(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)朝觌(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁(sui)及(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)梁(liang)，蔡复楚凶。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)昴(mao)(mao)(mao)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)凡(fan)三。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昴(mao)(mao)(mao)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，别名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)旄(mao)头(tou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昴(mao)(mao)(mao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)旄(mao)头(tou)，胡星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。○“浊(zhuo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕(bi)(bi)(bi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，毕(bi)(bi)(bi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)浊(zhuo)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“掩兔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕(bi)(bi)(bi)，或(huo)呼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浊(zhuo)，因(yin)(yin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”《诗(shi)·小(xiao)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“有(you)(you)(you)扌求天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)毕(bi)(bi)(bi)。”毛传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“扌求，毕(bi)(bi)(bi)貌。毕(bi)(bi)(bi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)掩兔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《特(te)牲馈食(shi)礼》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“宗人执毕(bi)(bi)(bi)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“毕(bi)(bi)(bi)，状(zhuang)(zhuang)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)叉盖(gai)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)似毕(bi)(bi)(bi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)取名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)焉(yan)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)掩兔、祭器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕(bi)(bi)(bi)，俱象毕(bi)(bi)(bi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但掩兔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毕(bi)(bi)(bi)，施网(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)尔(er)。○“朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柳(liu)。柳(liu)，鹑(chun)火(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，柳(liu)，南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鸟(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)，柳(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鸟(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)(kou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)即(ji)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鸟(niao)(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)(kou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)火(huo)，柳(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)即(ji)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鸟(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。火(huo)属南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹑(chun)火(huo)。襄(xiang)(xiang)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“晋(jin)侯问於(wu)士弱曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘吾(wu)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：宋(song)灾，於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎知有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)。何(he)故(gu)(gu)(gu)？’对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)，或(huo)食(shi)於(wu)心(xin)，或(huo)食(shi)於(wu)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)内火(huo)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹑(chun)火(huo)，心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)火(huo)。’”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“北(bei)(bei)极(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，极(ji)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；辰(chen)，时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。居(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，人望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)，因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)北(bei)(bei)极(ji)。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)杓所(suo)建，以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)。《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政以(yi)(yi)(yi)德，譬(pi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“何(he)鼓(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李(li)巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“何(he)鼓(gu)(gu)、牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八宿(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“何(he)鼓(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)北(bei)(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何(he)鼓(gu)(gu)，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)。”如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)、何(he)鼓(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)李(li)巡、孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)二(er)(er)(er)(er)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。今不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《汉(han)(han)(han)书(shu)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》：“牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牺牲，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)(bei)河鼓(gu)(gu)。河鼓(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，上将(jiang)(jiang)；左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)将(jiang)(jiang)；右，右将(jiang)(jiang)。”亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)、河鼓(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今荆楚人呼牵(qian)(qian)(qian)牛(niu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)檐(yan)(yan)鼓(gu)(gu)，檐(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)荷也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”顺经(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说，以(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)验而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)启(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，高(gao)三舍，今曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。昏出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，高(gao)三舍，今曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。晨见东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)启(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，昏见西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)启(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)矣。《诗(shi)·小(xiao)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)(you)启(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)长(zhang)庚。”长(zhang)庚不(bu)(bu)知是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)何(he)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)异(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，或(huo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，未能审也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“彗(hui)(hui)(hui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)枪(qiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彗(hui)(hui)(hui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)枪(qiang)。《汉(han)(han)(han)书(shu)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赢而(er)(er)(er)(er)东(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)，《石(shi)氏(shi)》见彗(hui)(hui)(hui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，《甘(gan)氏(shi)》不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三月(yue)乃生(sheng)彗(hui)(hui)(hui)，本(ben)类(lei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，末类(lei)彗(hui)(hui)(hui)，长(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)丈。赢东(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)，《石(shi)氏(shi)》见觉(jue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，《甘(gan)氏(shi)》不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三月(yue)乃生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，本(ben)类(lei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，末锐(rui)，长(zhang)四(si)(si)(si)尺。缩西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)，《石(shi)氏(shi)》见云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)牛(niu)，《甘(gan)氏(shi)》不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三月(yue)乃生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)枪(qiang)，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右锐(rui)，长(zhang)数丈。缩西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)，《石(shi)氏(shi)》见枪(qiang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)马(ma)，《甘(gan)氏(shi)》不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三月(yue)乃生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，本(ben)类(lei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，末锐(rui)，长(zhang)数丈。《石(shi)氏(shi)》、枪(qiang)、、彗(hui)(hui)(hui)异(yi)(yi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殃一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)似埽(sao)彗(hui)(hui)(hui)。”《春(chun)(chun)秋左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》：“昭(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬，有(you)(you)(you)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)于大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)及(ji)汉(han)(han)(han)。申须曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘彗(hui)(hui)(hui)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)除旧布新也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”《公羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》：“孛(bei)(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)？彗(hui)(hui)(hui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”彗(hui)(hui)(hui)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)帚(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)似埽(sao)帚(zhou)，光芒孛(bei)(bei)(bei)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)然(ran)。妖变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，非常(chang)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)孛(bei)(bei)(bei)，又(you)言(yan)(yan)彗(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“奔星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彳勺(shao)约”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，奔星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即(ji)流星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，一(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)亻(ren)勺(shao)约。“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”，题上事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
春(chun)(chun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠，（祠之言(yan)食。）夏祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)礻勺，（新菜可氵勺。）秋祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)尝(chang)(chang)，（尝(chang)(chang)新。）冬祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蒸(zheng)。（进(jin)品物(wu)也(ye)(ye)。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)燔柴，（既祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，积薪烧(shao)之。○燔音(yin)烦。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瘗。（既祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，埋藏之。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)县，（或或县，置之於(wu)山(shan)。《山(shan)海(hai)经(jing)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“县以吉玉。”是也(ye)(ye)。○，居委反。县，玄。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)川(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)浮沈(shen)。（投祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水中，或浮或沈(shen)。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)星曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)布(bu)，（布(bu)散(san)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)地(di)。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)风(feng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)磔(zhe)。（今俗当(dang)大(da)道中磔(zhe)狗(gou)，云以止风(feng)。此其(qi)象。○磔(zhe)音(yin)责。）是类是礻马(ma)(ma)，师祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。（师出(chu)(chu)征伐，类於(wu)上帝，礻马(ma)(ma)於(wu)所(suo)征之地(di)。○类，类。礻马(ma)(ma)，骂。）既伯既祷，马(ma)(ma)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。（伯，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)。将用(yong)马(ma)(ma)力(li)，必先祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)先。），大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。（五年一大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。○，大(da)计切。）绎，又祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。（祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之明日(ri)，寻绎复祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。）周曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)绎，（《春(chun)(chun)秋经(jing)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“壬午犹绎。”）商(shang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)肜(rong)，（《书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“高宗肜(rong)日(ri)。”）夏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)复胙(zuo)。（未(wei)见义所(suo)出(chu)(chu)。○胙(zuo)音(yin)祚。）祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名。
【疏】“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”至(zhi)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)别(bie)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)及(ji)三(san)代(dai)诸祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)礻(shi)(shi)勺，秋祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)尝(chang)(chang)，冬(dong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蒸(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)食。礻(shi)(shi)勺，新(xin)菜可(ke)氵勺。尝(chang)(chang)，尝(chang)(chang)新(xin)。蒸(zheng)(zheng)，进品物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)皆周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。殷(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上则(ze)礻(shi)(shi)勺、、蒸(zheng)(zheng)、尝(chang)(chang)，《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》文(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)周(zhou)公(gong)则(ze)去(qu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，更(geng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠。故(gu)(gu)《志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》记先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)度。宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，秋曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)尝(chang)(chang)，冬(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蒸(zheng)(zheng)。为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，於(wu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，於(wu)秋，於(wu)冬(dong)。周(zhou)公(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，乃改夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)，又(you)(you)为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)义(yi)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)殷(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，更(geng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠，是(shi)(shi)祠、礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，周(zhou)公(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所改也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，《诗(shi)·小雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)、祠、蒸(zheng)(zheng)、尝(chang)(chang)，于公(gong)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)。”此(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)已得有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)所改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)因(yin)革，与(yu)世而(er)(er)(er)迁，事(shi)(shi)虽制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)定(ding)，要亦(yi)(yi)(yi)所改有(you)渐(jian)。《易》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不(bu)如西邻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礻(shi)(shi)龠(yue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”郑注(zhu)为(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。则(ze)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)已改言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)周(zhou)公(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)定(ding)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)燔(fan)柴(chai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)燔(fan)柴(chai)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“燔(fan)柴(chai)於(wu)泰坛，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“既(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，积薪烧(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)祀(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上帝(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)柴(chai)祀(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月星(xing)辰，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燎(liao)祀(si)司中、司命、<风(feng)>师(shi)(shi)(shi)、雨师(shi)(shi)(shi)。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)烟(yan)。周(zhou)人尚(shang)臭(chou)，烟(yan)，气(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭(chou)闻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。，积也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘或(huo)(huo)朴，薪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’三(san)祀(si)皆积柴(chai)，实(shi)牲(sheng)体(ti)(ti)焉。或(huo)(huo)有(you)玉(yu)帛(bo)燔(fan)燎(liao)而(er)(er)(er)升烟(yan)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)阳(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，积柴(chai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)牲(sheng)体(ti)(ti)玉(yu)帛(bo)而(er)(er)(er)燔(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使烟(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭(chou)上达於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，因(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)燔(fan)柴(chai)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瘗”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)瘗。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“瘗埋於(wu)泰圻，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)於(wu)北郊(jiao)(jiao)，瘗缯埋牲(sheng)，因(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瘗。李(li)巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)埋地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瘗。”孙炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“瘗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)翳(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，翳(yi)(yi)藏(zang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中。”○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)县(xian)(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，县(xian)(xian)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)埋藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沈(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)林川泽(ze)。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)林曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)埋。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。县(xian)(xian)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)县(xian)(xian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牲(sheng)币於(wu)山(shan)(shan)林中，因(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)县(xian)(xian)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“或(huo)(huo)或(huo)(huo)县(xian)(xian)，置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)山(shan)(shan)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《山(shan)(shan)海经》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘县(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吉(ji)玉(yu)’是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《中山(shan)(shan)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“历儿(er)冢(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祠祀(si)毛大(da)(da)(da)牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具，县(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)吉(ji)玉(yu)。”彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“县(xian)(xian)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)川曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)浮(fu)(fu)沈(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，浮(fu)(fu)沈(shen)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“投祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)中，或(huo)(huo)浮(fu)(fu)或(huo)(huo)沈(shen)。”《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沈(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)林川泽(ze)。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)川泽(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)沈(shen)，顺(shun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)藏(zang)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)星(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)布”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李(li)巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)星(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)布露地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)布。”孙炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“既(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，布散(san)於(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，似星(xing)布列也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“布散(san)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”○“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)风(feng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)磔(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，磔(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)披磔(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)体(ti)(ti)，象(xiang)风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)散(san)物，因(yin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今俗当大(da)(da)(da)道中磔(zhe)(zhe)狗，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止风(feng)。此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)。”○“是(shi)(shi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，师(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“是(shi)(shi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”，《诗(shi)·大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)·皇(huang)矣》篇(pian)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；“师(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)师(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)征(zheng)伐(fa)，类(lei)於(wu)上帝(di)，礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)於(wu)所征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)将(jiang)出(chu)征(zheng)，类(lei)乎上帝(di)，礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)於(wu)所征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)类(lei)乎上帝(di)，则(ze)类(lei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尚(shang)书》夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)侯欧阳(yang)说，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)类(lei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在南方，就南郊(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)官·肆师(shi)(shi)(shi)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“类(lei)礼(li)(li)(li)，依郊(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)《尚(shang)书》说为(wei)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)明。《肆师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)田猎，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)貉，则(ze)为(wei)位(wei)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“貉，师(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)立(li)表(biao)(biao)处(chu)为(wei)师(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)造(zao)军(jun)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祷(dao)气(qi)(qi)(qi)势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)增倍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)盖蚩(chi)尢，或(huo)(huo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)黄帝(di)。”又(you)(you)《甸祝(zhu)》“掌四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田，表(biao)(biao)貉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祝(zhu)号”。杜子(zi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“貉，兵(bing)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讲武治兵(bing)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)兵(bing)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。习(xi)兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)貉祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祷(dao)气(qi)(qi)(qi)势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十百(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)(er)多获(huo)。”由此(ci)(ci)二(er)注(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)造(zao)兵(bing)为(wei)军(jun)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)表(biao)(biao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礻(shi)(shi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》作(zuo)貉，貉又(you)(you)或(huo)(huo)为(wei)貊字，古今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。貉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)百(bai)(bai)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)此(ci)(ci)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，求获(huo)百(bai)(bai)倍。○“既(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)既(ji)祷(dao)，马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“既(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)既(ji)祷(dao)”，《诗(shi)·小雅(ya)·吉(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)》篇(pian)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毛传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。重物慎(shen)微(wei)，将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)力，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)(xian)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祷(dao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)。祷(dao)，祷(dao)获(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)力，必(bi)(bi)先(xian)(xian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)”。知(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)始是(shi)(shi)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)房也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龙为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，故(gu)(gu)房四(si)(si)(si)星(xing)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)。”马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)用(yong)(yong)，王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)《夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)官·校人》：“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”，“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)牧”，“秋祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)社(she)”，“冬(dong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)步”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)。”上文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)驷(si)。“先(xian)(xian)牧，始养马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)社(she)，始乘(cheng)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)步，神(shen)(shen)(shen)为(wei)灾害马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”既(ji)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)各有(you)所为(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)(er)将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)力，则(ze)又(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)彼礼(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祷(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。○“，大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)称非一(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)各殊(shu)。《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自既(ji)灌”及(ji)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》“于太(tai)庙”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧(sang)服小记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所自出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”及(ji)《大(da)(da)(da)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)，不(bu)王(wang)(wang)不(bu)”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)感生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)於(wu)南郊(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“周(zhou)人喾而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)稷。”谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)圜丘也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)比馀(yu)处(chu)为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)总得称。宗(zong)庙谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，，谛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)使昭(zhao)穆(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次审(shen)谛而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)乱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)使典(dian)(dian)礼(li)(li)(li)审(shen)谛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五年(nian)一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，出(chu)《礼(li)(li)(li)纬》文(wen)(wen)。知(zhi)非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“绎(yi)(yi)，又(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”为(wei)宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。○“绎(yi)(yi)，又(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)(you)，复也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；绎(yi)(yi)，复祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明日(ri)(ri)(ri)，寻(xun)绎(yi)(yi)复祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”《公(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“绎(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《梁传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“绎(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旦(dan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)享宾(bin)(bin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸侯谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)绎(yi)(yi)，少牢(lao)馈(kui)食大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)，与(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同日(ri)(ri)(ri)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran)，是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)不(bu)同矣。而(er)(er)(er)《诗(shi)·颂·丝衣(yi)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“绎(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，绎(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，主(zhu)为(wei)宾(bin)(bin)事(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。但天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸侯礼(li)(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)，异日(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，别(bie)为(wei)立(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)绎(yi)(yi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寻(xun)绎(yi)(yi)昨(zuo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)。卿大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)小，同日(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)别(bie)立(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，直指(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)耳。”此(ci)(ci)序(xu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)绎(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)特详其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)又(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，三(san)代(dai)各异。周(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)绎(yi)(yi)，商名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)肜，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)复胙(zuo)(zuo)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》经曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：壬午犹绎(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，宣(xuan)八年(nian)经文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《书》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：高宗(zong)肜日(ri)(ri)(ri)”，《商书》篇(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙炎云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“肜日(ri)(ri)(ri)，相寻(xun)不(bu)绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)复胙(zuo)(zuo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“未(wei)见义(yi)所出(chu)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)(dian)训无言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)复胙(zuo)(zuo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)未(wei)见义(yi)所出(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》传及(ji)《诗(shi)》笺(jian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)无此(ci)(ci)一(yi)句，说者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，胙(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旦(dan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，复陈(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。未(wei)知(zhi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)不(bu)。“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)题上事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
春猎为(wei)(wei)，（搜(sou)索取不任(ren)者(zhe)。○音搜(sou)。）夏猎为(wei)(wei)苗，（为(wei)(wei)苗稼除害。）秋猎为(wei)(wei)，（顺杀气(qi)也(ye)。○，息浅切。）冬猎为(wei)(wei)狩。（得兽取之(zhi)无所择。○狩，羊又反(fan)。）宵田(tian)为(wei)(wei)獠，（《管子》曰(yue)：“獠猎毕弋。”今(jin)江东亦呼(hu)猎为(wei)(wei)獠，音辽。或曰(yue)即(ji)今(jin)夜猎载炉(lu)照也(ye)。）火田(tian)为(wei)(wei)狩。（放(fang)火烧草猎，亦为(wei)(wei)狩。）乃(nai)立冢土，戎丑(chou)攸行。（冢土，大社(she)。戎丑(chou)，大众。）起大事，动大众，必先有事乎社(she)，而(er)後出(chu)谓(wei)之(zhi)宜(yi)。（有事祭也(ye)。《周官(guan)》所谓(wei)“宜(yi)乎社(she)”。）振旅(lv)阗阗。（振旅(lv)，整众。阗阗，群行声。○阗音田(tian)。）出(chu)为(wei)(wei)治兵(bing)，尚威武(wu)也(ye)。（幼贱在前(qian)，贵勇力。）入为(wei)(wei)振旅(lv)，反(fan)尊(zun)卑也(ye)。（尊(zun)老在前(qian)，复常仪也(ye)。）讲武(wu)。
【疏】“春(chun)(chun)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)”至(zhi)“讲(jiang)武(wu)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)说(shuo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)习(xi)武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，夏猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，秋猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，冬(dong)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四时(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“，搜索(suo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)稼除害(hai)。，顺杀气也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。狩(shou)(shou)(shou)，得兽取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无所(suo)(suo)择(ze)(ze)。”隐五年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》文(wen)(wen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)同。杜(du)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“索(suo)择(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)除害(hai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。，杀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，顺秋气也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。狩(shou)(shou)(shou)，围守(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，冬(dong)物毕成，获则(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无所(suo)(suo)择(ze)(ze)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)·大(da)(da)(da)司马职》：中春(chun)(chun)，教(jiao)(jiao)振旅(lv)(lv)，遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。中夏，教(jiao)(jiao)茇舍，遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。中秋，教(jiao)(jiao)治(zhi)兵(bing)，遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。中冬(dong)，教(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)阅，遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)亦与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)同。郑(zheng)玄解苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)小异。言(yan)(yan)(yan)择(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孕任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若治(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)去不(bu)(bu)(bu)秀实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙(sun)炎亦然。桓四年《公羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“春(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，秋曰(yue)(yue)，冬(dong)曰(yue)(yue)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)。”三名(ming)(ming)(ming)既与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《礼(li)》异，又(you)复(fu)夏时(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。《梁(liang)(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“四时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。春(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、夏曰(yue)(yue)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、秋曰(yue)(yue)、冬(dong)曰(yue)(yue)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)。”皆(jie)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《礼(li)》异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，良(liang)由微言(yan)(yan)(yan)既绝，曲辨妄(wang)生。左(zuo)丘(qiu)明(ming)亲(qin)受圣师(shi)，《尔雅》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)子(zi)夏所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《礼(li)》合。汉代古(gu)学不(bu)(bu)(bu)行，明(ming)帝集诸学士作(zuo)《白(bai)虎通义》，因《梁(liang)(liang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)说(shuo)曰(yue)(yue)：“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)诸侯所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)何(he)？为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)除害(hai)，上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共宗庙，下(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)简集士众(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。春(chun)(chun)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)何(he)？春(chun)(chun)岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本，举(ju)本名(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)何(he)？择(ze)(ze)去怀(huai)任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秋谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)？索(suo)肥(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)何(he)？守(shou)地(di)而(er)(er)(er)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)总名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)何(he)？为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)除害(hai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案(an)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)非(fei)怀(huai)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，何(he)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“择(ze)(ze)去怀(huai)任”？秋兽尽皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)瘦，何(he)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“索(suo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)肥(fei)”？虽(sui)(sui)名(ming)(ming)(ming)《通义》，义不(bu)(bu)(bu)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)先(xian)儒(ru)皆(jie)依《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》、《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》、《尔雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)亦有(you)意焉(yan)。虽(sui)(sui)复(fu)春(chun)(chun)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)，获则(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能择(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孕。夏猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)所(suo)(suo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)无多，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)除害(hai)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)因时(shi)(shi)(shi)异而(er)(er)(er)变文(wen)(wen)耳。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，蔡邕《月令章(zhang)句》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，捷(jie)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“宵田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)獠(liao)(liao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，宵，夜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夜猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)名(ming)(ming)(ming)獠(liao)(liao)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《管子(zi)》曰(yue)(yue)：獠(liao)(liao)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)毕弋(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《管子(zi)·四称》篇(pian)：“管仲对桓公曰(yue)(yue)：昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，诛其(qi)(qi)良(liang)臣(chen)，敖其(qi)(qi)妇女，獠(liao)(liao)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)毕弋(yi)，暴遇诸父者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今(jin)江东(dong)亦呼猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)獠(liao)(liao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)验而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“或(huo)曰(yue)(yue)即今(jin)夜猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)载炉(lu)照也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)义，故(gu)(gu)复(fu)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。○“火(huo)(huo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“放(fang)火(huo)(huo)烧草猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狩(shou)(shou)(shou)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冬(dong)猎(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)同名(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡(xun)、孙(sun)炎皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“放(fang)火(huo)(huo)烧草，守(shou)其(qi)(qi)下(xia)风。”《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)·罗氏》“蜡则(ze)(ze)作(zuo)罗襦”。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“襦，细密之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罗。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)蛰(zhe)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)毕矣，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罗罔围取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)禽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)俗放(fang)火(huo)(huo)张罗，其(qi)(qi)遗教(jiao)(jiao)。”《礼(li)记(ji)·王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昆虫(chong)未蛰(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)己蛰(zhe)，得火(huo)(huo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“乃立(li)冢(zhong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，戎(rong)(rong)(rong)丑(chou)攸行”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《诗(shi)·大(da)(da)(da)雅·绵(mian)》篇(pian)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“冢(zhong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，大(da)(da)(da)社(she)(she)(she)。戎(rong)(rong)(rong)丑(chou)，大(da)(da)(da)众(zhong)。”《郊特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“社(she)(she)(she)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《礼(li)运(yun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“命降於社(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓ゾ地(di)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)(she)(she)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冢(zhong)诂为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)主，故(gu)(gu)知“冢(zhong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、大(da)(da)(da)社(she)(she)(she)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)诂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)，大(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。丑(chou)，众(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)丑(chou)，大(da)(da)(da)众(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“起大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，动大(da)(da)(da)众(zhong)，必先(xian)有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)乎社(she)(she)(she)，而(er)(er)(er)後出(chu)(chu)(chu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既引(yin)《诗(shi)》文(wen)(wen)於上(shang)，然後为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)辞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)：“大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，兵(bing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宜(yi)(yi)，求见使也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)本解“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)丑(chou)攸行”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，言(yan)(yan)(yan)国家起发军旅(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴动其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)众(zhong)，必先(xian)有(you)祭(ji)祀於此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)社(she)(she)(she)，而(er)(er)(er)後出(chu)(chu)(chu)行，其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师(shi)行必须宜(yi)(yi)祭(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告社(she)(she)(she)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)丑(chou)攸行”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成十三年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)祀与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)。”故(gu)(gu)兵(bing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)秋》昭(zhao)十五年：“有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)於武(wu)宫。”《杂记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)於上(shang)帝。”皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)谓祭(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)凶战(zhan)(zhan)危，虑有(you)负败，祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求其(qi)(qi)福宜(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)。《王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天子(zi)将(jiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，宜(yi)(yi)乎社(she)(she)(she)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周(zhou)(zhou)官》所(suo)(suo)谓‘宜(yi)(yi)乎社(she)(she)(she)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《春(chun)(chun)官·大(da)(da)(da)祝职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“出(chu)(chu)(chu)师(shi)宜(yi)(yi)于社(she)(she)(she)，造于祖。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“振旅(lv)(lv)阗阗”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《诗(shi)·小雅·采芑》篇(pian)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)笺(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“至(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)止将(jiang)归(gui)，又(you)振旅(lv)(lv)伐鼓阗阗然。振犹止也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；旅(lv)(lv)，众(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“振旅(lv)(lv)，整众(zhong)。阗阗，群(qun)行声(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“出(chu)(chu)(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)兵(bing)，尚威(wei)武(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。入为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振旅(lv)(lv)，反(fan)尊卑(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)亦作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)释(shi)上(shang)《诗(shi)》文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)春(chun)(chun)教(jiao)(jiao)振旅(lv)(lv)，秋教(jiao)(jiao)治(zhi)兵(bing)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，又(you)三年一(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)。隐五年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“三年而(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)兵(bing)，入而(er)(er)(er)振旅(lv)(lv)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。征伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)军至(zhi)对陈，用治(zhi)兵(bing)礼(li)；战(zhan)(zhan)止至(zhi)还归(gui)，用振旅(lv)(lv)法。名(ming)(ming)(ming)异而(er)(er)(er)礼(li)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)当用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)兵(bing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)；入则(ze)(ze)休息，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整众(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。其(qi)(qi)治(zhi)兵(bing)振旅(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》、《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》、《梁(liang)(liang)》与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)同，惟《公羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)兵(bing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祠兵(bing)。其(qi)(qi)礼(li)：治(zhi)兵(bing)则(ze)(ze)幼(you)贱(jian)在(zai)前，振旅(lv)(lv)则(ze)(ze)尊老在(zai)前。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“幼(you)贱(jian)在(zai)前，贵勇力也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊老在(zai)前，复(fu)常仪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“讲(jiang)武(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，题上(shang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)皆(jie)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讲(jiang)习(xi)武(wu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
素锦绸杠(gang)，（以白(bai)地锦韬旗之(zhi)(zhi)竿(gan)。○杠(gang)为(wei)江。）帛(bo)(bo)纟参(can)，（，帛(bo)(bo)绛(jiang)也。纟参(can)，旒(liu)(liu)所著。○音勋。纟参(can)音衫。）素升龙(long)于纟参(can)，（画白(bai)龙(long)於(wu)纟参(can)，令上向。）练(lian)(lian)旒(liu)(liu)九，（练(lian)(lian)，绛(jiang)练(lian)(lian)也。）饰以组，（用(yong)綦(qi)组饰旒(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)边(bian)。）维(wei)(wei)以缕(lv)。（用(yong)朱(zhu)缕(lv)维(wei)(wei)连持之(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)欲(yu)令曳(ye)地。《周礼(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“六人维(wei)(wei)王之(zhi)(zhi)大常。”是也。）缁广充幅(fu)长寻曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，（帛(bo)(bo)全幅(fu)长八尺。○广，上旷(kuang)，长，直亮(liang)。）继(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)旆(pei)，（帛(bo)(bo)续末(mo)，为(wei)燕尾者。义见《诗》。○音兆。）注旄(mao)首曰(yue)(yue)(yue)旌，（载旄(mao)於(wu)竿(gan)头，如今之(zhi)(zhi)幢，亦有(you)旒(liu)(liu)。）有(you)铃曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，（县铃於(wu)竿(gan)头，画蛟(jiao)龙(long)於(wu)旒(liu)(liu)。）错革鸟曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，（此谓合剥鸟皮毛(mao)置之(zhi)(zhi)竿(gan)头。即《礼(li)记》云载鸿及鸣鸢。○，馀。）因章曰(yue)(yue)(yue)旃。（以帛(bo)(bo)练(lian)(lian)为(wei)旒(liu)(liu)，因其(qi)文章，不(bu)复画之(zhi)(zhi)。《周礼(li)》云：“通帛(bo)(bo)为(wei)旃。”）旌。
【疏】“素锦(jin)(jin)”至(zhi)“旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此别旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“素锦(jin)(jin)绸杠”者，自此至(zhi)“维(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缕”，说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。绸，韬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，杠，竿(gan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白地锦(jin)(jin)韬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竿(gan)，《礼(li)(li)记》所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)绸练设夏(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo)著(zhu)於(wu)素锦(jin)(jin)名纟(mi)(mi)参，纟(mi)(mi)参即众旒(liu)(liu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)著(zhu)者。升(sheng)，上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)画白龙(long)於(wu)纟(mi)(mi)参，令上(shang)(shang)向(xiang)。又(you)(you)练绛帛(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旒(liu)(liu)九以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著(zhu)於(wu)纟(mi)(mi)参。饰旒(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)边，用綦组(zu)；维(wei)(wei)(wei)持其(qi)(qi)(qi)旒(liu)(liu)，使不曳地，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱缕。《诗·风》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“素丝(si)纰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”郑(zheng)笺(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“素丝(si)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)缕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缝(feng)纰旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旒(liu)(liu)纟(mi)(mi)参，或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)维(wei)(wei)(wei)持之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《周礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：六人维(wei)(wei)(wei)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)常”者，《夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官·节(jie)服氏职(zhi)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。後(hou)郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“维(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缕，王旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)十(shi)(shi)二旒(liu)(liu)，两两以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缕缀连，旁三人持之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼(li)(li)：天(tian)(tian)子旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曳地。郑(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：维(wei)(wei)(wei)持之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《广(guang)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)子杠高九仞，诸(zhu)侯(hou)七仞，大(da)(da)夫五仞。天(tian)(tian)子十(shi)(shi)二ヵ，至(zhi)地；诸(zhu)侯(hou)九ヵ，至(zhi)轸；卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫七ヵ，至(zhi)轵；士三ヵ，至(zhi)肩。”○“辎广(guang)充(chong)幅长(zhang)寻曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者，缁(zi)，黑(hei)色也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黑(hei)色之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帛(bo)，广(guang)全幅，长(zhang)八尺，属(shu)於(wu)杠，名。又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo)继续末为(wei)(wei)(wei)燕尾者，名旆。郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义见《诗》”者，《小雅·六月(yue)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“白旆央央。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“注(zhu)旄(mao)(mao)首(shou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”者，李(li)巡(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“旄(mao)(mao)牛尾著(zhu)竿(gan)首(shou)。”孙(sun)(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“析五采羽(yu)(yu)注(zhu)旄(mao)(mao)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)下亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)旒(liu)(liu)纟(mi)(mi)参。”郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“载旄(mao)(mao)於(wu)竿(gan)头(tou)，如(ru)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幢，亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)旒(liu)(liu)。”如(ru)是(shi)则(ze)(ze)竿(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)有(you)(you)毛(mao)有(you)(you)羽(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故《周礼(li)(li)·序(xu)官》“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)采”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)采，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)翟羽(yu)(yu)色。《禹贡(gong)(gong)》徐州(zhou)贡(gong)(gong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)翟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)，有(you)(you)虞(yu)氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)绥。後(hou)世或无，故染鸟(niao)(niao)羽(yu)(yu)象而(er)(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)采。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“绥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毛(mao)牛尾为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，绥於(wu)幢上(shang)(shang)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)注(zhu)旄(mao)(mao)於(wu)竿(gan)首(shou)者也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“有(you)(you)铃曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者，郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“县(xian)铃於(wu)竿(gan)头(tou)，画交龙(long)於(wu)旒(liu)(liu)。”《司常》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“交龙(long)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。”又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“诸(zhu)侯(hou)建。”然则(ze)(ze)者画二龙(long)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)，一升(sheng)一降相交。又(you)(you)县(xian)铃於(wu)竿(gan)，是(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)建也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗·小雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“央央。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“错(cuo)(cuo)革(ge)鸟(niao)(niao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者，孙(sun)(sun)炎云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“错(cuo)(cuo)，置也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。革(ge)，急(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。画急(ji)疾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸟(niao)(niao)於(wu)纟(mi)(mi)参也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)志(zhi)答张(zhang)逸亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“画急(ji)疾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸟(niao)(niao)隼。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《司常》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“鸟(niao)(niao)隼为(wei)(wei)(wei)。”《诗·小雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“织文(wen)(wen)(wen)鸟(niao)(niao)章”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此谓(wei)合剥鸟(niao)(niao)皮(pi)毛(mao)置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竿(gan)头(tou)”者，意与孙(sun)(sun)、郑(zheng)少异。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“即《礼(li)(li)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)载鸿(hong)及鸣鸢(yuan)”者，案(an)《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)水，则(ze)(ze)载青(qing)旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)尘(chen)埃，则(ze)(ze)载鸣鸢(yuan)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)车骑，则(ze)(ze)载飞鸿(hong)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)士师，则(ze)(ze)载虎(hu)皮(pi)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you){手}兽，则(ze)(ze)载貔貅。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“载谓(wei)举(ju)於(wu)旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)首(shou)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)警众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)：君行师从，卿(qing)行旅(lv)从。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)驱举(ju)此，则(ze)(ze)士众知，所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)举(ju)，各(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)类象。青(qing)，青(qing)雀水鸟(niao)(niao)。鸢(yuan)鸣则(ze)(ze)将风。鸿(hong)取(qu)飞有(you)(you)行列也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。士师谓(wei)兵众，虎(hu)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)威勇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。貔貅亦(yi)(yi){手}兽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“因(yin)章曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)旃(zhan)”者，孙(sun)(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)缯(zeng)色以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旗(qi)章，不画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司常》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“通(tong)帛(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旃(zhan)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“通(tong)帛(bo)谓(wei)大(da)(da)赤(chi)，从周正色，而(er)(er)饰。”郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo)练为(wei)(wei)(wei)旒(liu)(liu)，因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章，不复画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《周礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：通(tong)帛(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旃(zhan)”者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章，与《周礼(li)(li)》通(tong)用绛帛(bo)，随(sui)义立名，其(qi)(qi)(qi)实一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故引(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)证。○“旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)”者，九旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名虽(sui)异，旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总称，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此题之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)祭名、讲武(wu)(wu)、旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，俱(ju)非天(tian)(tian)类，而(er)(er)亦(yi)(yi)在此者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皆王者大(da)(da)事。又(you)(you)祭名则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)燔柴，讲武(wu)(wu)则(ze)(ze)类於(wu)上(shang)(shang)帝，旌(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)则(ze)(ze)日月(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)常。他(ta)篇(pian)不可摄(she)，故系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《释天(tian)(tian)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
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