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尔雅注疏在线阅读

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《尔(er)雅注疏》卷(juan)七·释山第十一

】“释山第十一”。○释曰:案《释名》云:“山,产也。”言产生万物。《说文》云:“山,宣也,宣气散生万物,有石而高,象形也。”此篇释诸山之名,故云释山。

河(he)南华,(华阴山。)河(he)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue),(吴岳(yue)(yue)。)河(he)东(dong)岱(dai),(岱(dai)宗,泰山。)河(he)北(bei)恒(heng),(北(bei)岳(yue)(yue)恒(heng)山。)江南衡(heng)。(衡(heng)山,南岳(yue)(yue)。)

】“河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)华(hua)(hua)”至“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)衡(heng)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):篇(pian)首载(zai)此(ci)五山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者,以(yi)为中(zhong)国之(zhi)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。案《周礼·职(zhi)方氏》:“河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)华(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)西曰(yue)(yue)(yue)雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)岳(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)东(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)兖(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)岱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)北(bei)(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“镇(zhen)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)安地(di)德者也(ye)(ye)。”又为五岳(yue)(yue),知者,案郑注(zhu)(zhu)《大(da)司乐》云(yun)(yun):“五岳(yue)(yue),岱在(zai)(zai)兖(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),衡(heng)在(zai)(zai)荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),华(hua)(hua)在(zai)(zai)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),岳(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),恒(heng)在(zai)(zai)并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。案,下文(wen)及经(jing)(jing)典(dian)群书言五岳(yue)(yue)者,皆数嵩高(gao)不数岳(yue)(yue)。而郑云(yun)(yun)然(ran)者,盖(gai)郑有所案据,更见异意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)名(ming)五岳(yue)(yue),必(bi)取嵩高(gao)为定解,下文(wen)别释。云(yun)(yun)“河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)华(hua)(hua)”、注(zhu)(zhu)“华(hua)(hua)阴(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者,案《禹(yu)贡》“导河(he)(he)(he)积石,至于(yu)龙门;南(nan)(nan)至于(yu)华(hua)(hua)阴(yin);东(dong)至于(yu)底柱”。孔安国云(yun)(yun):“河(he)(he)(he)自龙门南(nan)(nan)流(liu)至华(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),北(bei)(bei)而东(dong)行(xing)。”然(ran)则此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)南(nan)(nan),故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)华(hua)(hua)”。下皆放此(ci)。在(zai)(zai)华(hua)(hua)阴(yin)县(xian)界,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)华(hua)(hua)阴(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“河(he)(he)(he)西岳(yue)(yue)”、注(zhu)(zhu)“吴岳(yue)(yue)”者,在(zai)(zai)西河(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)西,一名(ming)吴岳(yue)(yue)。郑玄云(yun)(yun):“在(zai)(zai)。”云(yun)(yun)“河(he)(he)(he)东(dong)岱”、注(zhu)(zhu)“岱宗,泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者,在(zai)(zai)东(dong)河(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)东(dong),一名(ming)岱宗,一名(ming)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。郑玄云(yun)(yun):“在(zai)(zai)博。”云(yun)(yun)“河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)恒(heng)”、注(zhu)(zhu)“北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue),恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者,下文(wen)“恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑玄云(yun)(yun):“在(zai)(zai)上(shang)曲阳。”云(yun)(yun)“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)衡(heng)”、注(zhu)(zhu)“衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)”者,《禹(yu)贡》云(yun)(yun):“岷(min)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)导江(jiang)。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“岷(min)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)阳至于(yu)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”孔注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),江(jiang)所经(jing)(jing)。”然(ran)则江(jiang)水经(jing)(jing)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)北(bei)(bei),东(dong)入于(yu)海,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)衡(heng)”也(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)(zhu)《大(da)宗伯》云(yun)(yun):五岳(yue)(yue),“南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)”也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

山(shan)三袭(xi),陟。(袭(xi)亦(yi)重。)

】“山(shan)(shan)三袭(xi),陟。”注“袭(xi)亦重”。○释(shi)曰:山(shan)(shan)之形若三山(shan)(shan)重累者名(ming)陟。重衣谓之袭(xi),故(gu)以袭(xi)为重也(ye)。上(shang)篇注已云“成(cheng)犹(you)重也(ye)”,故(gu)此(ci)云亦也(ye)。

再成,英。(两山(shan)相重。)

】“再成,英”。注“两山(shan)(shan)相重(zhong)”。○释曰:成,重(zhong)也(ye)。山(shan)(shan)形两重(zhong)者名英。今南郡英山(shan)(shan)县,盖取此名也(ye)。

一成,坯(pi)。(《书》曰:“至于大亻丕。”○坯(pi),备悲(bei)切。)

】“一成(cheng)(cheng),坯”。注(zhu)“《书(shu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘至于大亻丕(pi)。’”○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):案此(ci)文则山(shan)上更(geng)有一山(shan)重累者(zhe),名亻丕(pi)。“《书(shu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe),《禹贡》文也(ye)。孔安国云:“山(shan)再成(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)亻丕(pi)。”与此(ci)不(bu)同者(zhe),盖所见异也(ye)。郑玄云:“大亻丕(pi),在武武德之界。”张揖云:“成(cheng)(cheng)皋县山(shan)也(ye)。”《汉书(shu)音(yin)义(yi)》臣瓒以为皆非。今黎阳县山(shan)临河,岂不(bu)是(shi)大亻丕(pi)乎?瓒意当然。

山大而高,崧。(今中岳嵩高山,盖依此名。○崧,嵩。)

】“山大(da)而高,崧”。注“今中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩山,盖依(yi)此名(ming)”。○释曰(yue):《诗·大(da)雅》云(yun):“崧高维(wei)岳(yue)(yue)。”毛传云(yun):“崧,高貌(mao)。”《释名(ming)》云(yun):“崧,竦也。亦高称(cheng)也。”李巡曰(yue):“高大(da)曰(yue)嵩。”此则山高大(da)者自(zi)名(ming)崧。本不指中(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue),名(ming)嵩高或取此文以立(li)名(ming)乎?无正文,故(gu)云(yun)“盖”以疑之(zhi)。

山小而高,岑。(言(yan)岑。)

】“山小而(er)(er)高,岑”。注“言(yan)岑”。○释曰:言(yan)山形虽小而(er)(er)高者,名岑也。

锐而高,峤(jiao)。(言钅峻(jun)。○峤(jiao),音乔。)

】“锐(rui)而高,峤(jiao)(jiao)”。注(zhu)“言(yan)钅峻(jun)”。○释曰:锐(rui)则钅也,言(yan)山形钅峻(jun)而高者(zhe)名峤(jiao)(jiao)。《列子》曰:“氵孛海(hai)之东(dong)有壑(he),其(qi)中山曰员(yuan)峤(jiao)(jiao)。”盖同此也。

卑而大(da),扈(hu)。(扈(hu),广貌。)

】“卑而大(da),扈(hu)”。注“扈(hu),广(guang)(guang)(guang)貌”。○释曰:言山形卑下而广(guang)(guang)(guang)大(da)者(zhe)名扈(hu)。《礼记·檀弓》云:“南(nan)宫纟舀之(zhi)妻之(zhi)姑之(zhi)丧。夫(fu)子诲之(zhi),ヮ曰:‘尔(er)毋扈(hu)扈(hu)尔(er)。’”郑(zheng)注云:“扈(hu)扈(hu)谓大(da)广(guang)(guang)(guang)。”盖取此义也。

小而众,岿。(小山丛罗。○岿,丘鬼(gui)切。)

】“小(xiao)而众(zhong),岿(kui)(kui)”。注“小(xiao)山丛(cong)罗(luo)”。○释曰(yue):言山小(xiao)而众(zhong)、丛(cong)萃罗(luo)列者,名(ming)岿(kui)(kui)。

小山岌大山,亘(gen)(gen)。(岌谓高过。○岌,鱼泣切。亘(gen)(gen),桓。)

】“小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)岌大(da)山(shan)(shan),亘(gen)(gen)”。注“岌谓高过”。○释曰:言小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)与大(da)山(shan)(shan)相(xiang)并,而小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)高过於大(da)山(shan)(shan)者(zhe),名(ming)(ming)亘(gen)(gen)。非谓小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)岌,大(da)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)亘(gen)(gen)也。

属者,峄(yi)。(言骆驿相连属。○属,烛。峄(yi),亦。)

】“属者,峄”。注“言(yan)骆驿(yi)相连(lian)属”。○释曰:言(yan)山形相连(lian)属、骆驿(yi)然不(bu)绝者,名(ming)峄。骆驿(yi),连(lian)属不(bu)绝之辞(ci)。《禹(yu)贡》云:“峄阳孤桐。”《地理志》云:东海(hai)下邳县西(xi)有“葛峄山”,取此名(ming)也。

独者,蜀(shu)。(蜀(shu)亦孤独。)

】“独(du)者(zhe),蜀(shu)”。注“蜀(shu)亦(yi)孤独(du)”。○释曰:言山之(zhi)孤独(du)者(zhe)名(ming)蜀(shu)。案《说(shuo)文》云:蜀(shu),虫(chong)(chong)(chong)名(ming)。《诗》云:“々者(zhe)蜀(shu)。”《释虫(chong)(chong)(chong)》云:“厄,乌。”郭云:“大虫(chong)(chong)(chong)如(ru)指(zhi),似蚕。”此(ci)虫(chong)(chong)(chong)更无群匹,故云蜀(shu)亦(yi)孤独(du)。既虫(chong)(chong)(chong)之(zhi)孤独(du)者(zhe)蜀(shu),是(shi)以(yi)山之(zhi)孤独(du)者(zhe)亦(yi)名(ming)蜀(shu)也。

上(shang)正,章。(山上(shang)平。)

】“上(shang)正,章”。注“山上(shang)平”。○释(shi)曰(yue):正犹平也。言山形上(shang)平者名(ming)章。

宛中,隆。(山中央(yang)高。)

】“宛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隆(long)”。注“山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)高”。○释曰:言山形中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)蕴聚而高者名隆(long)。

山脊,冈。(谓山长(zhang)脊。)

】“山(shan)脊,冈”。注“谓山(shan)长脊”。○释曰:孙炎云(yun):“长山(shan)之(zhi)脊也。”言高山(shan)之(zhi)长脊,名冈。《诗》云(yun)“陟彼高冈”是也。

未及(ji)上(shang),翠微。(近上(shang)旁陂。)

】“未及上(shang),翠微(wei)”。注“近上(shang)旁陂”。○释曰:谓未及顶上(shang)、在旁陂陀之处,名翠微(wei)。一说:山气青(qing)缥色,故曰“翠微(wei)”也(ye)。

山顶,冢。(山颠。)者,<厂(chang)(chang)垂(chui)><;厂(chang)(chang)义>。(谓山峰头岩。○,子(zi)恤反。<厂(chang)(chang)垂(chui)>,子(zi)规切(qie)。<厂(chang)(chang)义>音危。)

】“山(shan)(shan)顶”至“<厂垂><厂义>”。○释曰:此二句释《小(xiao)雅·十月》云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)冢崩”之(zhi)文(wen)也。毛(mao)传云(yun)(yun):“山(shan)(shan)顶曰冢。”郑笺(jian)云(yun)(yun):“者,崔嵬。”虽音字小(xiao)异,义实同也,是(shi)取此文(wen)为说。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun):“冢者,谓山(shan)(shan)顶也。”《释言》云(yun)(yun):“颠,顶也。”故此郭云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)颠”。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun):“萃者,谓山(shan)(shan)颠之(zhi)末,其峰岩(yan)<厂垂><厂义>然者也。”

山如(ru)堂者,密。(形如(ru)堂室者。《尸子》曰:“松(song)柏(bo)之鼠,不知堂密之有美枞。”)

】“山(shan)(shan)如(ru)堂(tang)者(zhe),密(mi)”。○释曰:言山(shan)(shan)形(xing)如(ru)堂(tang)室者(zhe),名密(mi)。○注(zhu)“《尸(shi)子》至”美枞”。○释曰:此《尸(shi)子·绰子》篇(pian)文,引(yin)之证(zheng)山(shan)(shan)有名密(mi)者(zhe)。

如(ru)防(fang)者,盛。(防(fang),是(shi)。盛,音成(cheng)。)

】“如(ru)防者(zhe),盛(sheng)(sheng)”。注“防,是(shi)”。○释曰:此盛(sheng)(sheng),读如(ru)粢盛(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng)。是(shi)防之(zhi)(zhi)形{隋山}而高峻,若黍(shu)稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)在器,故其山形如(ru)是(shi)防者(zhe),亦名(ming)盛(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。

峦,山堕。(谓(wei)山形长狭(xia)者,荆州(zhou)谓(wei)之峦。《诗》曰:“{隋山}山乔岳。”○{隋山},汤果切。)

】“峦,山(shan)(shan)堕”。○释曰:凡物狭而(er)长者(zhe),谓(wei)之{隋山(shan)(shan)},则此言山(shan)(shan){隋山(shan)(shan)}者(zhe),谓(wei)山(shan)(shan)形(xing)狭长者(zhe),一名峦也。○注(zhu)“《诗》曰:‘{隋山(shan)(shan)}山(shan)(shan)乔岳(yue)。’”○释曰:《周颂·般》篇文也。

重,兼(jian)。(谓山(shan)形(xing)如累两。,甑(zeng)。山(shan)形(xing)状似之(zhi),因以名云。○重,平声。,言蹇反。兼(jian),音俨。)

】“重,兼”。注“谓(wei)山(shan)(shan)”至“名(ming)云”。○释曰(yue):孙炎云:“山(shan)(shan)基有重岸也。”郭(guo)云:“,甑(zeng)”者(zhe),郑众注《考工记》云:“,无甑(zeng)。”《方言》云:“甑(zeng),自关而东谓(wei)之。”故知(zhi),甑(zeng)也。

左右有岸,<厂缶>。(夹(jia)山有岸。○<厂缶>,口(kou)阁切。)

】“左右有(you)岸(an)(an),&lt;厂(chang)缶>”。注(zhu)“夹(jia)山有(you)岸(an)(an)”。○释曰:谓山两边有(you)水,山与水为岸(an)(an),此山名<厂(chang)缶>。

大(da)山宫(gong)小山,霍。(宫(gong)谓围(wei)绕之(zhi)。《礼(li)记》曰“君为(wei)庐宫(gong)之(zhi)”是也。)

】“大山(shan)(shan)宫小(xiao)山(shan)(shan),霍(huo)”。○释曰:宫犹围(wei)绕(rao)也(ye)。谓(wei)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)在中(zhong),大山(shan)(shan)在外围(wei)绕(rao)之,山(shan)(shan)形若此(ci)者,名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)。非(fei)谓(wei)大山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)宫,小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)也(ye)。○注(zhu)“宫谓(wei)”至“是也(ye)”。○释曰:“《礼(li)记(ji)》曰”者,《丧大记(ji)》文(wen)也(ye)。郑注(zhu)云:“宫谓(wei)围(wei)障(zhang)之也(ye)。”引(yin)之者,证宫为(wei)围(wei)绕(rao)之义也(ye)。

小(xiao)山别大山,鲜。(不相(xiang)连(lian)。○别,彼列切。鲜,息浅切。)

】“小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)别大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),鲜”。注“不相(xiang)连”。○释曰:谓小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)与(yu)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分别不相(xiang)连属者,名鲜。李巡云:“大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)少,故曰鲜。”

山绝,陉。(连中断(duan)绝。○陉,形。)

】“山绝(jue),陉”。注“连中断(duan)绝(jue)”。○释曰:谓山形连延中忽断(duan)绝(jue)者,名陉。

多小石,敖(ao)。(多礓砾。○敖(ao),音敲。)

】“多(duo)小(xiao)石,敖(ao)。”注“多(duo)礓砾”。○释(shi)曰(yue):礓砾,即小(xiao)石也。山(shan)多(duo)此小(xiao)石者名敖(ao)。《释(shi)名》曰(yue):“小(xiao)石曰(yue)砾。”

“多大石,【C200】。(多盘石。○【C200】,音壳。)

】“多大石,【C200】”。注“多盘石”。○释曰:盘,大石也。山多此盘石者名【C200】。

多草木,岵;无草木,亥。(皆见《诗》。○岵,户。亥,屺。)

】“多草木,岵;无草木,亥”。注“皆见《诗(shi)》”。○释(shi)曰:亥当(dang)作(zuo)屺(qi)(qi),音起。案《诗(shi)·魏风》云:“陟(zhi)彼(bi)岵兮(xi),瞻望(wang)父兮(xi)。”又曰:“陟(zhi)彼(bi)屺(qi)(qi)兮(xi),瞻望(wang)母兮(xi)。”毛(mao)传云:“山无草木曰岵。”“山有草木曰屺(qi)(qi)。”与此(ci)不同者,当(dang)是传写(xie)误也。王肃解依(yi)《尔(er)雅》。

山上(shang)有水,埒(lie)。(有停泉(quan)。○埒(lie),音劣。)

】“山(shan)上有(you)(you)水,埒”。注“有(you)(you)停泉”。○释曰(yue):谓山(shan)巅之上有(you)(you)停泉,名埒。

夏有(you)水,冬无水,泶(xue)。(有(you)停潦(liao)。○泶(xue),音(yin)学(xue)。)

】“夏有水(shui),冬无水(shui),泶”。注(zhu)“有停(ting)潦”。○释(shi)曰:潦,雨(yu)水(shui)也。言山(shan)上污下(xia),夏有停(ting)泉,至冬竭(jie)涸者,名泶。

山<从卖>无所(suo)通,。(所(suo)谓穷(qiong)渎(du)者,虽无所(suo)通,与水注(zhu)川同名。○<从卖>,音渎(du)。)

】“山<从(cong)(cong)卖>无所通,”。○释(shi)曰(yue):<从(cong)(cong)卖>即(ji)沟渎也(ye)。山有<从(cong)(cong)卖>而无通流者(zhe)(zhe),名(ming)(ming)。注(zhu)“所谓”至(zhi)“同(tong)名(ming)(ming)”。○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“所谓”者(zhe)(zhe),所谓《释(shi)丘》云(yun)“穷渎,汜(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun):“与水(shui)注(zhu)川(chuan)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《释(shi)水(shui)》云(yun)“水(shui)注(zhu)川(chuan)曰(yue)”是也(ye)。

石戴土(tu)谓之崔嵬。(石山上有土(tu)者(zhe)。○崔,徂(cu)回(hui)(hui)切。嵬,五回(hui)(hui)切。)土(tu)戴石为且(qie)。(土(tu)山上有石者(zhe)。○且(qie),七余切。)

】“石(shi)戴(dai)”至“为且”。○释曰:《诗·周南·卷(juan)耳》云:“陟彼崔(cui)嵬(wei)(wei)。”又云:“陟彼且矣(yi)。”毛传(chuan)云:“崔(cui)嵬(wei)(wei),土山之戴(dai)石(shi)者。”“石(shi)山戴(dai)土曰且。”与此正(zheng)反者,或传(chuan)写误(wu)也。

山夹(jia)水,涧。陵夹(jia)水,氵虞。(别山陵间有水者之名。○氵虞,音虞。)

】“山夹(jia)”至(zhi)“水(shui)氵虞(yu)(yu)”。○释曰:谓山间有水(shui)者名(ming)涧。《诗》云“考盘在(zai)涧”,是也(ye)。其陵间有水(shui)者名(ming)氵虞(yu)(yu)。

山有穴(xue)为岫。(谓岩穴(xue)。)

】“山有穴为(wei)岫”。○释曰:谓(wei)山有岩穴者为(wei)岫也(ye)。

山西曰(yue)夕阳(yang),(暮乃见日。)

】“山西曰(yue)夕(xi)阳(yang)”。注(zhu)“暮乃见日”。○释曰(yue):日即阳(yang)也,夕(xi)始得阳(yang),故名夕(xi)阳(yang)。《诗·大雅·公(gong)刘》云(yun):“度其(qi)夕(xi)阳(yang),豳居允荒。”是(shi)也。

山东曰(yue)朝阳。(旦即见(jian)日。)

】“山东(dong)曰朝(chao)阳(yang)(yang)”。注“旦即见(jian)日”。○释曰:谓(wei)山顶之东(dong)皆早(zao)朝(chao)见(jian)日。但(dan)是(shi)山东(dong)之冈(gang)脊总曰朝(chao)阳(yang)(yang)。《诗·大雅·卷(juan)阿》曰:“梧桐(tong)生矣,于彼朝(chao)阳(yang)(yang)。”是(shi)也。

泰(tai)山(shan)为(wei)东岳(yue)(yue)(yue),华山(shan)为(wei)西岳(yue)(yue)(yue),霍(huo)山(shan)为(wei)南岳(yue)(yue)(yue),(即天(tian)柱山(shan)。潜水所出。)恒山(shan)为(wei)北岳(yue)(yue)(yue),(常山(shan)。)嵩高为(wei)中岳(yue)(yue)(yue)。(大(da)室(shi)山(shan)也。)

】“泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”至“中岳”。○释(shi)曰(yue):案(an)《周(zhou)礼·大(da)宗(zong)伯(bo)》云:“以(yi)(yi)血祭祭社(she)稷五祀(si)五岳。”故(gu)此(ci)释(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白虎通(tong)》云:“岳者何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)?岳之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)扌角,扌角功德(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。东方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岱(dai)者,言(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)皆(jie)(jie)相代(dai)(dai)於(wu)东方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)护也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)太(tai)阳(yang)用(yong)事护养万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。西(xi)方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)华,华之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)获(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)成熟可得获(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。北方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恒(heng),恒(heng)者,常也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)伏(fu)藏於(wu)北方(fang)(fang)有常也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中央为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嵩,嵩言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)高(gao)大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《风(feng)俗通(tong)》云:“岳,扌角考功德(de)(de)黜陟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则以(yi)(yi)四方(fang)(fang),方(fang)(fang)有一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),天(tian)子巡守(shou)至其(qi)(qi)下,扌角考诸侯功德(de)(de)而黜陟之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)岳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《诗》传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)四岳之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),东岳岱(dai),南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳衡(heng)(heng)。此(ci)及诸经传(chuan)多云:泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)东岳,霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳者,皆(jie)(jie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有二(er)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《风(feng)俗通(tong)》云:泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)。一曰(yue)岱(dai)宗(zong)。岱(dai),始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);宗(zong),长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi),阴阳(yang)交(jiao)代(dai)(dai),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五岳长。王者受命(ming)恒(heng)封禅之(zhi)(zhi)。衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),一名(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)。言(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)然(ran)大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。华,变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)成变由(you)於(wu)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。恒(heng),常也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)伏(fu)北方(fang)(fang)有常也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。崧,高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)高(gao)大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)解衡(heng)(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)与霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),泰之(zhi)(zhi)与岱(dai),皆(jie)(jie)一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而有二(er)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若此(ci),上云“江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)衡(heng)(heng)”,《地理志(zhi)》云:“衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)长沙(sha)湘南(nan)(nan)(nan)县(xian)(xian)。”张揖《广(guang)雅》云:“天(tian)柱(zhu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”《地理志(zhi)》云:“天(tian)柱(zhu)在(zai)庐(lu)(lu)江(jiang)(jiang)潜(qian)县(xian)(xian)。”则在(zai)江(jiang)(jiang)北矣(yi)。而云衡(heng)(heng)、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)二(er)名(ming)者,本衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一名(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。汉(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)移岳神於(wu)天(tian)柱(zhu),又(you)(you)名(ming)天(tian)柱(zhu)亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),故(gu)汉(han)以(yi)(yi)来衡(heng)(heng)、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)别耳。郭云:“霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)今(jin)在(zai)庐(lu)(lu)江(jiang)(jiang)潜(qian)县(xian)(xian)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan),别名(ming)天(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”汉(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辽(liao)旷,移其(qi)(qi)神於(wu)此(ci),今(jin)其(qi)(qi)土俗人皆(jie)(jie)呼之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳。南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳本自以(yi)(yi)两山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming),非从近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而学(xue)者多以(yi)(yi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳,又(you)(you)言(yan)(yan)从汉(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)始(shi)(shi)乃名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)。如此(ci)言(yan)(yan),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)在(zai)《尔雅》前乎?斯(si)不然(ran)矣(yi)。窃(qie)以(yi)(yi)璞言(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)。何(he)则?孙炎以(yi)(yi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)误(wu)(wu),当作衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。案(an)《书传(chuan)·虞夏传(chuan)》及《白虎通(tong)》、《风(feng)俗通(tong)》、《广(guang)雅》并云:“霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳。”岂诸文皆(jie)(jie)误(wu)(wu)?明是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一名(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注“即天(tian)柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。潜(qian)水所出”。○释(shi)曰(yue):此(ci)据(ju)作注时霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan),此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)本名(ming)天(tian)柱(zhu)。汉(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)移江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)於(wu)此(ci),故(gu)又(you)(you)名(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。其(qi)(qi)经之(zhi)(zhi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),即江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)衡(heng)(heng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)上注云“衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○释(shi)曰(yue):“大(da)室(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案(an)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海经》云:“半石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东五十里(li)曰(yue)少室(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)(you)东三十里(li)曰(yue)泰室(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”郭注云:“即中岳嵩高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),今(jin)在(zai)阳(yang)城县(xian)(xian)西(xi)。”戴延(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)《西(xi)征记》云:“其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),东谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)室(shi),西(xi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)少室(shi),相去十七里(li)。嵩,其(qi)(qi)总名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)下各(ge)有室(shi)焉(yan),故(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

梁(liang)山,晋望也(ye)。(晋国所望祭者,今在(zai)冯翊夏(xia)阳县西北临(lin)河上。)

】“梁(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),晋(jin)望(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)”。注(zhu)“晋(jin)国(guo)”至“河上(shang)”。○释(shi)曰(yue):言(yan)梁(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)晋(jin)国(guo)境内(nei)(nei),晋(jin)以(yi)岁时望(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),故云(yun)晋(jin)望(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“晋(jin)国(guo)所望(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《春秋》僖三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)经云(yun):“夏(xia)四月(yue),四卜郊,不(bu)从(cong),乃免(mian)牲。犹三(san)望(wang)(wang)。”《公羊传(chuan)》云(yun):“三(san)望(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?望(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”郑君以(yi)为(wei)望(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)在(zai)其地者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非其地则不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)。贾逵(kui)、服虔、杜预皆以(yi)为(wei)三(san)望(wang)(wang)分(fen)野之(zhi)(zhi)星、国(guo)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。《楚语(yu)》云(yun):“天(tian)子遍祀(si)(si)(si)群神品(pin)物,诸侯二(er)王後祀(si)(si)(si)天(tian)地、三(san)辰(chen)(chen)及(ji)其土(tu)地之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。”注(zhu)《国(guo)语(yu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆云(yun):诸侯二(er)王後祀(si)(si)(si)天(tian)地。三(san)辰(chen)(chen),日、月(yue)、星也(ye)(ye)。非二(er)王後祀(si)(si)(si)分(fen)野星辰(chen)(chen)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)此言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),则分(fen)野之(zhi)(zhi)星国(guo)内(nei)(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)其义是也(ye)(ye)。今案,昭元年(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)》云(yun):“辰(chen)(chen)为(wei)商星。”“参(can)为(wei)晋(jin)星。”又《礼(li)记·礼(li)器》云(yun):“晋(jin)人将有事於河,必先有事於呼(hu)池。”及(ji)此云(yun)“梁(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),晋(jin)望(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)”。然则晋(jin)国(guo)三(san)望(wang)(wang)谓参(can)也(ye)(ye),梁(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye),河也(ye)(ye),故云(yun)“晋(jin)国(guo)所望(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。云(yun)“今在(zai)冯翊(yi)夏(xia)阳县(xian)西北”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《地理志》文也(ye)(ye)。知“临河上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成五年(nian)(nian)《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“梁(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?河上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。”故知临河上(shang)。

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