卷二 二之一
◎邶柏舟诂训传第三(san)
○陆(lu)曰(yue)(yue)：郑云：“邶(bei)、鄘、卫者，殷纣畿内(nei)地(di)名，属古(gu)冀州。自纣城而北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)邶(bei)，南曰(yue)(yue)鄘，东(dong)曰(yue)(yue)卫。卫在(zai)汲郡朝歌(ge)县，时康叔正封于卫。其末子(zi)孙(sun)稍并(bing)(bing)兼彼二国，混其地(di)而名之。作(zuo)者各有所(suo)伤，从(cong)其本国而异之，故有邶(bei)、鄘、卫之诗。”王肃同。从(cong)此讫《豳·七月》，十二国并(bing)(bing)变风也(ye)。邶(bei)，蒲(pu)对反(fan)，本又(you)作(zuo)“鄁”，《字林(lin)》方代反(fan)。柏(bo)音百(bai)，字又(you)作(zuo)“栢”。
邶鄘卫谱邶、鄘、卫者，商纣畿内方千里之地。
○正义曰：《地理志》云：“河内本殷之旧都，周既灭殷，分其畿内为三国，《诗·风》邶、鄘、卫是也。”如《志》之言，故知畿内。以畿内，故知方千里也。
○其封域在《禹贡》冀州大行之东。
○正义曰：案《禹贡》大行属冀州。《地理志》云：“大行在河内山阳县西北。”以《诗》言，楚丘、桑中、淇水、漕浚皆在山东，故皆云在大行之东。大行属河内，河内即纣都，而西不逾大行者，盖其都近西也。
○北逾衡漳，
○正义曰：郑注《禹贡》云：“衡漳者，漳水潢流。”《地理志》云：“漳水在上党沽县大黾谷，东北至安平阜城入河。”以漳水自上党而过邺城之北，南距纣都百馀里耳，故知逾之。
○东及兖州桑土之野。
○正义曰：《禹贡》兖州云：“桑土既蚕。”注云：“其地尤宜蚕桑，因以名之。”今濮水之上，地有桑间者，僖三十一年“卫迁于帝丘”，杜预云：“帝丘，今东郡濮阳县也。”濮阳在濮水之北，是有桑土明矣。
○周武王伐纣，以其京师封纣子武庚为殷后。正义曰：此皆《史记·世家》文。
○庶殷顽民，被纣化日久，未可以建诸侯，乃三分其地，置三监，使管叔、蔡叔、霍叔尹而教之。正义曰：《地理志》云：“邶以封纣子武庚；鄘，管叔尹之；卫，蔡叔尹之，以监殷民，谓之三监。”则三监者，武庚为其一，无霍叔矣。王肃、服虔皆依《志》为说。郑不然者，以《书传》曰“武王杀纣，立武庚，继公子禄父。使管叔、蔡叔监禄父，禄父及三监叛”。言使管、蔡监禄父，禄父不自监也。言禄父及三监叛，则禄父已外更有三人为监，禄父非一监矣。《古文尚书·蔡仲之命》曰“惟周公位冢宰，正百工，群叔流言，乃致辟管叔于商，囚蔡叔于郭邻，降霍叔于庶人，三年不齿”，则以管、蔡、霍三叔为三监明矣。孙毓亦云：“三监当有霍叔，郑义为长。”然则《书叙》唯言伐管叔、蔡叔，不言霍叔者，郑云“綯赦之也。”《王制》使大夫监於方伯之国，国三人。谓使大夫三人监州长也。此为殷民难化，且使监之。武庚又非方伯，不与《王制》同也。《史记》云：“武王为武庚未集，恐其有贼心，乃令弟管叔、蔡叔傅相之，三分其地置三监。”则三叔各监一国，不知所监之国为谁也。《地理志》虽云管叔尹鄘，蔡叔尹卫，以武庚在三监之中，未可据信，则管、蔡所监不足明矣，故郑不指言之。监者，且令监之，非所封也。封，即管、蔡、霍是也。
○自纣城而北谓之邶，南谓之鄘，东谓之卫。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：此无(wu)文也(ye)。以(yi)诗人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)歌(ge)土风，验其水(shui)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，知其国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。《卫》曰(yue)“送子(zi)涉淇(qi)，至于(yu)顿丘(qiu)”，顿丘(qiu)今为(wei)县(xian)名，在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝歌(ge)纣都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)也(ye)。纣都河北，而(er)(er)《鄘(yong)(yong)》曰(yue)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)彼中河”，鄘(yong)(yong)境在(zai)(zai)(zai)南明(ming)矣。都既近西(xi)，明(ming)不(bu)分国，故以(yi)为(wei)邶(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)北。三国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境地相连接，故《邶(bei)(bei)》曰(yue)“亦流(liu)于(yu)淇(qi)”，《鄘(yong)(yong)》曰(yue)“送我乎淇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上矣”，《卫》曰(yue)“瞻彼淇(qi)奥”，是以(yi)三国皆(jie)言淇(qi)也(ye)。戴公(gong)东(dong)徙，渡河野处漕邑(yi)，则漕地在(zai)(zai)(zai)鄘(yong)(yong)也(ye)。而(er)(er)《邶(bei)(bei)》曰(yue)“土国城漕”，国人所(suo)筑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城也(ye)；“思须与漕”，卫女所(suo)经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)也(ye)；“河水(shui)弥(mi)弥(mi)”，宣公(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)台之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)。此诗人本述其事，作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)歌(ge)其土也(ye)。王肃、服虔以(yi)为(wei)鄘(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)纣都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)。孙毓云：“据(ju)《鄘(yong)(yong)风·定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方中》，楚(chu)丘(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)，鄘(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)纣都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南，相证(zheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)明(ming)，而(er)(er)城以(yi)西(xi)无(wu)验。其城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)，迫於西(xi)山，南附(fu)洛邑(yi)，檀伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封，温原樊(fan)州皆(jie)为(wei)列国，《鄘(yong)(yong)风》所(suo)兴，不(bu)出于(yu)此，郑义(yi)为(wei)长。”
武王既丧，管叔及其群弟见周公将摄政，乃流言於国，曰“公将不利於孺子”。
○正义曰：此皆《金縢》之文，唯“见周公将摄政”一句非耳。彼注云：管，国名。叔，字。周公兄，武王弟，封於管。群弟，蔡叔、霍叔。武王崩，周公免丧，欲居摄。小人不知天命而非之，故流“公将不利於孺子”之言於京师。孺子，谓成王也。知管叔“周公之兄”者，《孟子》文也。周公避之，居东都二年。秋，大熟未获，有雷电疾风之异。乃后成王悦而迎之，反而遂居摄。
○正义曰：知者(zhe)，准的《金(jin)縢》之文。如郑注(zhu)《金(jin)縢》，周公(gong)初出，成王(wang)(wang)年(nian)十三。避居(ju)二(er)年(nian)，成王(wang)(wang)年(nian)十四。秋，大熟，遭(zao)雷风(feng)。成王(wang)(wang)迎而反之。是成王(wang)(wang)年(nian)十五(wu)，避居(ju)三年(nian)。云“二(er)年(nian)”者(zhe)，不数初出之年(nian)故也。
三监导武庚叛。
○正义曰：《书序》云：“武王崩，三监及淮夷叛。”注云：“周公还摄政，惧诛，因开导淮夷与俱叛。居摄一年之时，系之武王。崩者，其恶之初自崩始也。”又《书传》曰：“使管叔、蔡叔监禄父。武王死，成王幼，管、蔡疑周公而流言。奄君蒲姑谓禄父曰：‘武王既死矣，成王尚幼矣，周公见疑矣。此百世之时也，请举事。’然后禄父及三监叛”。奄君导之，禄父遂与三监叛，则三监亦导之矣。故《左传》曰“管、蔡启商，惎间王室”是也。成王既黜殷命，杀武庚，复伐三监。
○正义曰：“成王既黜殷命，杀武庚”，《书序》文也。彼注云“黜殷命，谓诛武庚”是也。既杀武庚，复伐三监，为异时伐者，以《书序》“黜殷命”，“伐管、蔡”，别文言之，明非一时也。杀武庚，伐三监，皆在摄政二年，故《书传》曰“二年克殷”。注云：“诛管、蔡及禄父等也”。
○更於此三国建诸侯，以殷馀民封康叔於卫，使为之长。
○正义曰：以未可建诸侯，故置三监。今既伐三监，明於此建诸侯矣。《书序》曰：“成王既伐管叔、蔡叔，以殷馀民封康叔，作《康诰》。”摄政二年伐管、蔡，四年建侯於卫，则伐管蔡、封康叔异年，而《书序》连言之者，注云：“言伐管、蔡者，为因其国也。”王肃《康诘》注云“康，国名，在千里之畿内。既灭管、蔡，更封为卫侯”。郑无明说，义或当然。或者康谥也。言为之长者，以周公建国不过五百里，明不以千里之地尽封康叔，故知更建诸侯也。妹邦於诸国属鄘，《酒诰》命康叔云：“明大命于妹邦。”注云：“妹邦者，纣都所处，其民尤化纣嗜酒。今禄父见诛，康叔为其连属之监，是康叔并监鄘也。”又季札见歌《邶》、《鄘》、《卫》，言“康叔、武公之德如是”，故知为之长。后世子孙稍并彼二国，混而名之。
○正义曰：以康叔(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)二国(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)知后世子孙也。顷公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶，邶(bei)人刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则顷公(gong)以前已兼(jian)(jian)邶(bei)。其(qi)鄘(yong)(yong)或亦然(ran)矣。周(zhou)(zhou)自昭王(wang)以后，政教陵迟，诸(zhu)侯(hou)或强弱相(xiang)陵，故(gu)得(de)兼(jian)(jian)彼二国(guo)(guo)(guo)，混一(yi)(yi)其(qi)境(jing)，同名曰卫(wei)(wei)也。此(ci)殷畿千(qian)里，不(bu)(bu)必(bi)邶(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)止建(jian)二国(guo)(guo)(guo)也。或多(duo)建(jian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)数，渐并(bing)於卫(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)必(bi)一(yi)(yi)时灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)稍(shao)并(bing)兼(jian)(jian)也。《地(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun)：“武王(wang)崩，三监叛，周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尽以其(qi)地(di)封弟(di)康叔(shu)(shu)，号曰孟(meng)侯(hou)，迁邶(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民於洛(luo)邑，故(gu)邶(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)、卫(wei)(wei)三国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)相(xiang)与(yu)同风(feng)。”如《志(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，则康叔(shu)(shu)初即兼(jian)(jian)彼二国(guo)(guo)(guo)，非子孙矣。服虔依以为说(shuo)，郑不(bu)(bu)然(ran)者，以周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)过(guo)五百里，王(wang)畿千(qian)里，康叔(shu)(shu)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同，反过(guo)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)，非其(qi)制(zhi)也。
七世至顷侯，当周夷王时，卫国政衰，变风始作。
○正义曰：《卫世家》云：“康叔卒，子康伯立。卒，子孝伯立。卒，子嗣伯立。卒，子疌伯立。卒，子靖伯立。卒，子贞伯立。卒，子顷候立。”除顷侯，故七世也。又曰：“顷侯厚赂周夷王，夷王命为卫侯。”故知当夷王时。此郑数君世，诸国不同。齐、陈并数有诗之君，此及曹不数，顷公、共公又不数，及鲁则并数，此皆随便而言，不为例也。故作者各有所伤，从其国本而异之，为《邶》、《鄘》、《卫》之诗焉。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：《绿衣(yi)》、《日月(yue)》、《终风(feng)(feng)(feng)》、《燕燕》、《柏(bo)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》、《河广》、《泉(quan)水(shui)》、《竹(zhu)竿(gan)》述夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)得(de)分(fen)(fen)属三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如此(ci)(ci)《谱(pu)》说，定是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，非(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女自(zi)(zi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)矣(yi)。《泉(quan)水(shui)》、《竹(zhu)竿(gan)》俱(ju)述思归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，而(er)分(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)异国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)矣(yi)。女在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)他国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)聘问往来，见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)思归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状，而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯《载驰》一(yi)篇(pian)序(xu)(xu)(xu)云(yun)“许穆(mu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，《左(zuo)传》曰(yue)“许穆(mu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)赋(fu)《载驰》”，《列女传》称(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)亲作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)许穆(mu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，而(er)得(de)入《鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)，故(gu)使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)属鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《木(mu)(mu)瓜》美齐(qi)，《猗嗟》刺(ci)鲁，各从所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)，不(bu)入所(suo)(suo)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。许穆(mu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)得(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女，辞为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)发(fa)，故(gu)使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)归(gui)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋(song)襄(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)身已归(gui)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，非(fei)复(fu)宋(song)妇，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)必(bi)(bi)亲作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)焉。并邶(bei)(bei)(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，郑并十(shi)邑(yi)不(bu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)都，十(shi)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中无(wu)郑名，又(you)皆国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，土风(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)异，不(bu)似邶(bei)(bei)(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，大与(yu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)，又(you)先(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名，故(gu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽分(fen)(fen)从邶(bei)(bei)(bei)、鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)每(mei)篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，犹(you)唐实是(shi)(shi)(shi)晋，故(gu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)亦(yi)每(mei)篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)晋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)秦仲、陈(chen)佗皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)配国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，当(dang)谥号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)，非(fei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名而(er)施也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)异国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，必(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)配谥，恐(kong)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)相(xiang)乱，若(ruo)《河广》宋(song)襄(xiang)，《木(mu)(mu)瓜》齐(qi)桓(huan)，《猗嗟》鲁庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如此(ci)(ci)次(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)，故(gu)《世(shi)家》，顷(qing)(qing)(qing)侯卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)釐侯立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。四(si)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)馀立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)弟(di)和(he)(he)袭攻共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓上，共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)自(zi)(zi)杀(sha)。卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顷(qing)(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最先(xian)(xian)(xian)，故(gu)《邶(bei)(bei)(bei)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)·柏(bo)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》与(yu)《淇奥(ao)》虽同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)姜(jiang)(jiang)守义(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)政美入相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，故(gu)《鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)》次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡编(bian)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)世(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)，此(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)当(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)(huo)(huo)否(fou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，各於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)世(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世(shi)家》曰(yue)：“武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位，脩康叔政，百姓(xing)和(he)(he)集。五十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)杨(yang)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，太(tai)子(zi)(zi)完立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)，弟(di)州(zhou)吁骄奢，桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)，州(zhou)吁袭杀(sha)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)自(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。九月(yue)杀(sha)州(zhou)吁于濮，迎(ying)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)晋於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)邢而(er)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，太(tai)子(zi)(zi)朔立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。四(si)年(nian)(nian)奔齐(qi)，立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)黔(qian)牟。黔(qian)牟立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)八年(nian)(nian)，惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)复(fu)入。三(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)赤立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。九年(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狄所(suo)(suo)灭，立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)昭(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)顽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)申为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戴(dai)(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。元年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)弟(di)燬，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)主，或(huo)(huo)(huo)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)谥，或(huo)(huo)(huo)终始(shi)(shi)备言(yan)(yan)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)与(yu)初(chu)见(jian)末(mo)义(yi)相(xiang)发(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，要在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)理著而(er)已。若(ruo)一(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)止一(yi)篇(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)言(yan)(yan)号谥，多则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)文(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)详略。《邶(bei)(bei)(bei)·柏(bo)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》云(yun)“顷(qing)(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)顷(qing)(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《绿衣(yi)》“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)伤己，妾上僣”，当(dang)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)述庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《燕燕》云(yun)“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)送归(gui)妾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，妾非(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)当(dang)出(chu)(chu)，出(chu)(chu)不(bu)当(dang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)送，今云(yun)“送归(gui)妾”，明(ming)(ming)(ming)子(zi)(zi)死乃(nai)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)州(zhou)吁诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《日月(yue)》、《终风(feng)(feng)(feng)》、《击鼓》，序(xu)(xu)(xu)皆云(yun)州(zhou)吁。《凯风(feng)(feng)(feng)》从上明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆州(zhou)吁诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《雄雉》、《匏有(you)(you)(you)(you)苦叶》，序(xu)(xu)(xu)言(yan)(yan)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)，《新台(tai)》、《二(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)乘舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》复(fu)言(yan)(yan)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，详其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《谷风(feng)(feng)(feng)》、《式微》、《旄丘》、《简兮(xi)(xi)》、《泉(quan)水(shui)》、《北门》、《北风(feng)(feng)(feng)》、《静(jing)女》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)，皆宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鄘(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)·柏(bo)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》云(yun)“共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)蚤死，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻(qi)守义(yi)”，明(ming)(ming)(ming)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《墙有(you)(you)(you)(you)茨》“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)顽通於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)母(mu)(mu)”，君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)母(mu)(mu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鹑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奔奔》云(yun)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)”，亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)偕老》、《桑(sang)中》在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)，亦(yi)皆惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方中》、《蝃蝀》、《相(xiang)鼠》、《于旄》，序(xu)(xu)(xu)皆云(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可知(zhi)。《载驰序(xu)(xu)(xu)》云(yun)“懿公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狄人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)灭，露於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)漕(cao)邑(yi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)戴(dai)(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)能尽(jin)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)第，烂於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)耳(er)。《卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)·淇奥(ao)》云(yun)“美武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。《考槃》、《硕人(ren)(ren)(ren)》，序(xu)(xu)(xu)皆云(yun)“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《氓(mang)》云(yun)“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《竹(zhu)竿(gan)》从上言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《芄(wan)(wan)兰(lan)(lan)》刺(ci)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《河广》云(yun)“宋(song)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)归(gui)于卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”，母(mu)(mu)虽父所(suo)(suo)出(chu)(chu)，而(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)系於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)襄(xiang)梗覂明(ming)(ming)(ming)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位乃(nai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鲁僖十(shi)年(nian)(nian)即(ji)位，二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)，终始(shi)(shi)当(dang)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。《伯(bo)(bo)(bo)兮(xi)(xi)》云(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)前驱”，《有(you)(you)(you)(you)狐(hu)序(xu)(xu)(xu)》云(yun)“卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)男(nan)女失(shi)时(shi)(shi)”，皆不(bu)言(yan)(yan)谥，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《河广》、《木(mu)(mu)瓜》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)似文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。但文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，无(wu)从王(wang)征伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，惟(wei)桓(huan)五年(nian)(nian)秋，蔡人(ren)(ren)(ren)、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、陈(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)从王(wang)伐郑，当(dang)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《伯(bo)(bo)(bo)兮(xi)(xi)》宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《伯(bo)(bo)(bo)兮(xi)(xi)》既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《有(you)(you)(you)(you)狐(hu)》亦(yi)非(fei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灭而(er)复(fu)兴，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)刺(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)男(nan)女失(shi)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《有(you)(you)(you)(you)狐(hu)》亦(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，与(yu)《伯(bo)(bo)(bo)兮(xi)(xi)》俱(ju)烂於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)，本在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《芄(wan)(wan)兰(lan)(lan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，序(xu)(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《氓(mang)》举国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)下(xia)(xia)，故(gu)不(bu)复(fu)言(yan)(yan)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)耳(er)。推(tui)此(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)换烂在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)序(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，故(gu)举上明(ming)(ming)(ming)下(xia)(xia)。若(ruo)本第於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《伯(bo)(bo)(bo)兮(xi)(xi)》宜言(yan)(yan)谥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨嫌，不(bu)宜越《芄(wan)(wan)兰(lan)(lan)》、《河广》而(er)蒙(meng)《氓(mang)》诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《木(mu)(mu)瓜》云(yun)“齐(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)救而(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)郑於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)左(zuo)方中皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然郑於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)云(yun)某篇(pian)某作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，准其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)未必(bi)(bi)即(ji)此(ci)(ci)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)成王(wang)时(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)必(bi)(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)即(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，未逾年(nian)(nian)不(bu)成君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，而(er)州(zhou)吁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春弑君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)，九月(yue)死於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濮，不(bu)成君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)位，百姓(xing)蒙(meng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恶(e)，故(gu)得(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《柏(bo)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》共(gong)(gong)(gong)姜(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)(zi)誓，不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)已死，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妻(qi)守义(yi)，当(dang)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，非(fei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)政教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)及，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸变诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)数篇(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大率以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)，故(gu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)先(xian)(xian)(xian)蒸於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夷姜(jiang)(jiang)，后(hou)纳(na)伋(ji)妻(qi)，《邶(bei)(bei)(bei)》诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)《匏有(you)(you)(you)(you)苦叶》，后(hou)次(ci)(ci)《新台(tai)》，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。举此(ci)(ci)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)次(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《墙有(you)(you)(you)(you)茨》、《鹑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奔奔》皆刺(ci)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)不(bu)次(ci)(ci)，而(er)使(shi)《桑(sang)中》间(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)编(bian)篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)义(yi)相(xiang)类，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)相(xiang)次(ci)(ci)，序(xu)(xu)(xu)、注无(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)说，难以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
《柏舟》，言仁而不遇也。卫顷公之时，仁人不遇，小人在侧。不遇者，君不受已之志也。君近小人，则贤者见侵害。
○柏，木名。顷音倾。近，附近之近。
[疏]“《柏舟》五章，章六句”。
○“不遇”至“侵害”。
○正义曰：笺以仁人不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)，嫌其不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)进仕，故(gu)言(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)者，君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受己之(zhi)志”，以言(yan)“亦汎其流(liu)”，明与小人并列也。言(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)奋飞”，是在位不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍去(qu)也。《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰：“遇(yu)(yu)(yu)者何？志相得(de)。”是不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)君(jun)志亦为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇(yu)(yu)(yu)也。二章云(yun)“薄言(yan)往诉，逢彼之(zhi)怒”，是君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受己之(zhi)志也。四(si)章云(yun)“覯闵(min)既多，受侮不(bu)(bu)(bu)少”，是贤者见(jian)侵害也。
汎彼柏舟，亦汎其流。兴也。汎，流貌。柏，木，所以宜为舟也。亦汎汎其流，不以济度也。笺云：舟，载渡物者，今不用，而与物汎汎然俱流水中。兴者，喻仁人之不见用，而与群小人并列，亦犹是也。
○汎，敷剑反。“汎，流貌”，本或作“汎汎，流貌”者，此从王肃注加。耿耿不寐，如有隐忧。耿耿，犹儆儆也。隐，痛也。笺云：仁人既不遇，忧在见侵害。
○耿，古幸反。儆音景。微我无酒，以敖以游。非我无酒，可以敖游忘忧也。
○敖，本亦作“遨”，五(wu)羔(gao)反(fan)。
[疏]“汎彼”至“以游”。
○正义曰：言汎然而流者，是彼柏木之舟。此柏木之舟宜用济渡，今而不用，亦汎汎然其与众物俱流水中而己。以兴在列位者是彼仁德之人，此仁德之人宜用辅佐，今乃不用，亦与众小人并列於朝而己。仁人既与小人并列，恐其害於己，故夜儆儆然不能寐，如人有痛疾之忧，言忧之甚也。非我无酒，可以敖游而忘此忧，但此忧之深，非敖游可释也。
○传“汎流”至“济度”。
○正(zheng)义曰：《竹竿(gan)》云“桧楫松舟(zhou)(zhou)”，《菁菁者莪》云“汎汎杨舟(zhou)(zhou)”，则松杨皆可为(wei)(wei)舟(zhou)(zhou)。言(yan)柏木(mu)(mu)所以宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)舟(zhou)(zhou)者，解以舟(zhou)(zhou)喻仁(ren)人之意(yi)，言(yan)柏木(mu)(mu)所以宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)舟(zhou)(zhou)，犹仁(ren)人所以宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)官，非谓馀木(mu)(mu)不宜(yi)也(ye)。
我心匪鉴，不可以茹。鉴，所以察形也。茹，度也。笺云：鉴之察形，但知方圆白黑，不能度其真伪。我心非如是鉴，我於众人之善恶外内，心度知之。
○监，本又作“鉴”，甲暂反，镜也。茹，如预反，徐音如庶反。度，待洛反，下同。亦有兄弟，不可以据。据，依也。笺云：兄弟至亲，当相据依。言亦有不相据依以为是者，希耳。责之以兄弟之道，谓同姓臣也。薄言往诉，逢彼之怒。彼，彼兄弟。
○诉(su)，苏路(lu)反。怒，协韵，乃路(lu)反。
[疏]“我心”至“之怒”。
○正义曰：仁人不遇，故自称已德，宜所亲用。言我心非如鉴，然不可以茹也。我心则可以茹，何者？鉴之察形，但能知外之方圆白黑，不能度知内之善恶真伪。我心则可以度知内之善恶，非徒如鉴然。言能照察物者，莫明於鉴，今己德则逾之。又与君同姓，当相据依。天下时亦有兄弟不可以据依者，犹尚希耳。庶君应不然。何由亦不可以据乎？我既有德，又与君至亲，而不遇我。薄往君所愬之，反逢彼君之恚怒，不受己志也。
○笺“责之”至“姓臣”。
○正义曰：此责君(jun)(jun)而言(yan)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)者，此仁人与(yu)君(jun)(jun)同姓，故(gu)以兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)之道责之。言(yan)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)者，正谓(wei)君(jun)(jun)与(yu)己为兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)也，故(gu)“逢(feng)彼(bi)(bi)之怒”，传曰“彼(bi)(bi)，彼(bi)(bi)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)”，正谓(wei)逢(feng)遇君(jun)(jun)之怒，以君(jun)(jun)为兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)也。
我心匪石，不可转也。我心匪席，不可卷也。石虽坚，尚可转。席虽平，尚可卷。笺云：言已心志坚平，过於石席。
○卷，眷勉反。注同。威仪棣棣，不可选也。君子望之俨然可畏，礼容俯仰各有威仪耳。棣棣，富而闲习也。物有其容，不可数也。笺云：称已威仪如此者，言己德备而不遇，所以愠也。
○棣(di)，本或作“逮”，同徒(tu)帝反(fan)，又(you)音代。选(xuan)，雪兖反(fan)，选(xuan)也。俨，鱼检反(fan)，本或作“严”，音同。数(shu)，色主(zhu)反(fan)。
[疏]“我心”至“可选”。
○正义曰：仁人既不遇，故又陈己德以怨於君。言我心非如石然，石虽坚，尚可转，我心坚，不可转也。我心又非如席然，席虽平，尚可卷，我心平，不可卷也。非有心志坚平过於石席，又有俨然之威，俯仰之仪，棣棣然富备，其容状不可具数。内外之称，其德如此。今不见用，故己所以怨。
○传“君子”至“可数”。
○正义(yi)曰：此言“君(jun)子(zi)望之(zhi)(zhi)俨然(ran)(ran)可(ke)畏(wei)”，解经之(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)(wei)也。“礼容俯仰各有(you)(you)(you)宜(yi)耳”，解经之(zhi)(zhi)仪也。《论语(yu)》曰：“君(jun)子(zi)正其衣冠，尊其瞻视(shi)，俨然(ran)(ran)人望而(er)畏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。”《左传(chuan)(chuan)》曰“有(you)(you)(you)威(wei)(wei)而(er)可(ke)畏(wei)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)(wei)，有(you)(you)(you)仪而(er)可(ke)象谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)仪”是也。言威(wei)(wei)仪棣棣然(ran)(ran)，富备而(er)闲晓，贯习为之(zhi)(zhi)。又解不(bu)可(ke)选者，物(wu)各有(you)(you)(you)其容，遭(zao)时制宜(yi)，不(bu)可(ke)数。昭九年《左传(chuan)(chuan)》曰“服(fu)以旌礼，礼以行(xing)事，事有(you)(you)(you)其物(wu)，物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)其容”是也。
忧心悄悄，愠于群小。愠，怒也。悄悄，忧貌。笺云：群小，众小人在君侧者。
○悄，七小反。愠，忧运反。覯闵既多，受侮不少。闵，病也。
○遘，古豆反，本或作“覯”。侮音武，徐又音茂。静言思之，寤辟有摽。静，安也。辟，拊心也。摽，拊心貌。笺云：言，我也。
○辟，本又作“擘”，避亦反(fan)。摽，符小反(fan)。拊音抚。
[疏]“忧心”至“有摽”。
○正义曰：言仁人忧心悄悄然，而怨此群小人在於君侧者也。又小人见困病於我既多，又我受小人侵侮不少，故怨之也。既不胜小人所侵害，故我於夜中安静而思念之，则寤觉之中，拊心而摽然，言怨此小人之极也。“覯闵既多，受侮不少”，言“覯”，自彼加我之辞；言“受”，从已受彼之称耳。
○传“摽，拊心貌”。
○正义曰：辟既(ji)为拊心，即云(yun)“有摽”，故(gu)知(zhi)“摽，拊心貌”，谓(wei)拊心之时(shi)，其手摽然。
日居月诸，胡迭而微。笺云：日，君象也。月，臣象也。微，谓亏伤也。君道当常明如日，而月有亏盈，今君失道而任小人，大臣专恣，则日如月然。
○迭，待结反，《韩诗》作“”，音同，云：“，常也。心之忧矣，如匪澣衣。如衣之不澣矣。笺云：衣之不澣，则愦辱无照察。
○澣，户管反(fan)。愦(kui)，古对反(fan)。静言思之，不能奋飞。不能如鸟奋翼而飞去。笺(jian)云：臣不遇於君，犹不忍(ren)去，厚之至(zhi)也。
[疏]“日居”至“夺飞”。
○正义曰：日当常明，月即有亏，今日何为与月更迭而亏伤乎？犹君何为与臣更迭而屈伸乎。日实无亏伤，但以日比君，假以言之耳。君既失道，小人纵恣，仁人不遇，故心之忧矣，如不浣之衣。衣不浣，愦辱无照察，似己之忧，烦愦无容乐。仁人忧不自胜，言我安静而思，君恶如是，意欲逃亡，但以君臣之故，不能如鸟奋翼而飞去，鸟能择木，故取譬焉。
○笺“日居”至“月然”。
○正义曰：《礼器》曰“大明生於东，月生於西，阴阳之分，夫妇之位”，则日月喻夫妇也。《孝经谶》曰“兄日姊月”，日月又喻兄姊。以其阴阳之象，故随尊卑为喻。居、诸者，语助也。故《日月》传曰：“日乎月乎”，不言居、诸也。《檀弓》云：“何居，我未之前闻也？”注云：“居，语助也。”《左传》曰：“皋陶庭坚不祀，忽诸？”服虔云：“诸，辞。”是居、诸皆不为义也。微谓亏伤者，《礼运》云：“三五而盈，三五而阙。”注云“一盈一阙，屈伸之义”，是也。《十月之交》云：“彼月而微，此日而微。”笺云：“微，谓不明也。”以为日月之食。知此微非食者，以经责日云“何迭而微”，是日不当微也。若食，则日月同有，何责云“胡迭而微”？故知谓亏伤也。彼《十月之交》陈食事，故微谓食，与此别。
○笺“臣不”至“之至”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰：此仁人以兄弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)责君(jun)，则同(tong)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣，故恩(en)厚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至，不(bu)忍(ren)去(qu)也(ye)。以《箴膏盲》云“楚鬻拳同(tong)姓，有(you)不(bu)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)”，《论语(yu)》注云“箕(ji)子(zi)、比干(gan)不(bu)忍(ren)去(qu)”，皆是同(tong)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣，有(you)亲(qin)属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)，君(jun)虽(sui)无道(dao)(dao)(dao)，不(bu)忍(ren)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。然(ran)君(jun)臣义(yi)(yi)合(he)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)终(zhong)不(bu)行，虽(sui)同(tong)姓，有(you)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，故微(wei)子(zi)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与箕(ji)子(zi)、比干(gan)同(tong)称(cheng)三仁，明同(tong)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣，有(you)得去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)。
《柏舟》五章，章六句。
《绿衣》，卫庄姜伤己也。妾上僣，夫人失位而作是诗也。绿当为“褖”，故作“褖”，转作“绿”，字之误也。庄姜，庄公夫人，齐女，姓姜氏。妾上僣者，谓公子州吁之母，母嬖而州吁骄。
○绿(lv)，毛如字。绿(lv)，东方之间色也(ye)。郑(zheng)改作“褖”，吐乱反(fan)。篇内各同。“妾上(shang)”，时(shi)掌反(fan)，注“上(shang)僣(tie)(tie)”皆(jie)同。僣(tie)(tie)，笺念反(fan)。吁，况于(yu)反(fan)。嬖(bi)，补(bu)计反(fan)。《谥法》云：“贱而得爱曰嬖(bi)。”嬖(bi)，卑也(ye)、媟也(ye)。
[疏]“《绿衣》四章，章四句”至“是诗”。
○正义曰：作《绿衣》诗者，言卫庄姜伤已也。由贱妾为君所嬖而上僣，夫人失位而幽微，伤已不被宠遇，是故而作是诗也。四章皆伤辞，此言“而作是诗”及“故作是诗”，皆序作诗之由，不必即其人自作也，故《清人序》云“危国亡师之本，故作是诗”，非高克自作也。《云汉》云“百姓见忧，故作是诗”，非百姓作之也。若《新台》云“国人恶之，而作是诗”，《硕人》云“国人忧之，而作是诗”，即是国人作之。各因文势言之，非一端，不得为例也。
○笺“绿当”至“吁骄”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：必(bi)知(zhi)“绿(lv)”误而(er)“褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)”是者，此(ci)“绿(lv)衣(yi)”与《内(nei)司服(fu)》“绿(lv)衣(yi)”字同。内(nei)司服(fu)当王(wang)后之(zhi)六服(fu)，五服(fu)不(bu)言(yan)色(se)，唯绿(lv)衣(yi)言(yan)色(se)，明其误也(ye)。《内(nei)司服(fu)》注引《杂记》曰(yue)(yue)：“夫(fu)人(ren)复(fu)税衣(yi)褕翟。”又(you)《丧(sang)大(da)记》曰(yue)(yue)“士妻(qi)，以褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)”。言(yan)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)者甚众(zhong)，字或作“税”。此(ci)“绿(lv)衣(yi)”者，实(shi)作“褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)”也(ye)。以此(ci)言(yan)之(zhi)，《内(nei)司服(fu)》无褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)，而(er)《礼记》有(you)之(zhi)，则褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)是正(zheng)也(ye)。彼绿(lv)衣(yi)宜为褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)，故此(ci)绿(lv)衣(yi)亦为褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)也(ye)。诗者咏歌，宜因其所有(you)之(zhi)服(fu)而(er)言(yan)，不(bu)宜举实(shi)无之(zhi)绿(lv)衣(yi)以为喻，故知(zhi)当作褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)也(ye)。隐三年《左传》曰(yue)(yue)“卫(wei)庄公娶於齐(qi)东宫得(de)臣之(zhi)妹，曰(yue)(yue)庄姜”，是齐(qi)女，姓姜氏(shi)也(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)(yue)：“公子(zi)州吁(yu)，嬖(bi)人(ren)之(zhi)子(zi)。”是州吁(yu)之(zhi)母嬖(bi)也(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)(yue)：“有(you)宠而(er)好兵(bing)。石碏谏曰(yue)(yue)：‘宠而(er)不(bu)骄，鲜矣！’”是州吁(yu)骄也(ye)。定(ding)本“妾上僣(tie)者，谓公子(zi)州吁(yu)之(zhi)母也(ye)。母嬖(bi)而(er)州吁(yu)骄”。
绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄里。兴也。绿，间色。黄，正色。笺云：褖兮衣兮者，言褖衣自有礼制也。诸侯夫人祭服之下，鞠衣为上，展衣次之，褖衣次之。次之者，众妾亦以贵贱之等服之。鞠衣黄，展衣白，褖衣黑，皆以素纱为里。今褖衣反以黄为里，非甚礼制也，故以喻妾上僣。
○里音里。间(jian)，间(jian)厕(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)。鞠，居(ju)六(liu)反，言(yan)(yan)如菊(ju)花之(zhi)(zhi)色(se)也(ye)(ye)。又去六(liu)反，言(yan)(yan)如麹(qu)尘之(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。王后之(zhi)(zhi)服，四曰鞠衣，色(se)黄也(ye)(ye)。展(zhan)，知彦反，字亦作“襢”，音同。王后之(zhi)(zhi)服，五曰襢衣。毛氏(shi)云(yun)：融皆云(yun)色(se)赤，郑云(yun)色(se)白。纱(sha)音沙。心之(zhi)(zhi)忧矣(yi)，曷维其(qi)已。忧虽欲自止，何(he)时能止也(ye)(ye)？
[疏]“绿兮”至“其已”。
○毛以间色之绿不当为衣，犹不正之妾不宜嬖宠。今绿兮乃为衣兮，间色之绿今为衣而见，正色之黄反为里而隐，以兴今妾兮乃蒙宠兮。不正之妾今蒙宠而显，正嫡夫人反见疏而微。绿衣以邪干正，犹妾以贱陵贵。夫人既见疏远，故心之忧矣，何时其可以止也？
○郑以为妇人之服有褖衣，今见妾上僣，因以褖衣失制，喻嫡妾之乱。言褖兮衣兮，褖衣自有礼制，当以素纱为里，今褖衣反以黄为里，非其制也。以喻贱兮妾兮，贱妾自有定分，当以谦恭为事，今贱妾反以骄僣为事，亦非其宜。妾之不可陵尊，犹衣之不可乱制，汝贱妾何为上僣乎！馀同。
○传“绿，间色。黄，正色”。
○正义曰：绿，苍黄之间色。黄，中央之正色。故云“绿，间色。黄，正色”。言间、正者，见衣正色，不当用间，故《玉藻》云：“衣正色，裳间色。”王肃云“夫人正嫡而幽微，妾不正而尊显”是也。
○笺“褖兮”至“上僣”。
○正义曰：褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)里(li)为非制，明(ming)“褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)兮衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兮”言其(qi)(qi)自有(you)(you)礼制也。礼制者(zhe)，素(su)(su)纱(sha)为里(li)是也。又(you)(you)言“诸(zhu)侯夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)祭(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)”至(zhi)“褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黑”者(zhe)，解以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。由(you)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)有(you)(you)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)假失制以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喻(yu)僣也。《内(nei)(nei)(nei)司服(fu)(fu)(fu)》“掌王(wang)后之(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)：袆衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、褕翟(zhai)、阙(que)翟(zhai)、鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、素(su)(su)纱(sha)。”注云：“后从王(wang)祭(ji)先王(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)服(fu)(fu)(fu)袆衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，祀先公(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)服(fu)(fu)(fu)褕翟(zhai)，祭(ji)群小祀则(ze)(ze)(ze)服(fu)(fu)(fu)阙(que)翟(zhai)。”后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)翟(zhai)为祭(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)国，衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)与王(wang)后同(tong)，亦(yi)三(san)翟(zhai)为祭(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)。众(zhong)妾(qie)(qie)不得(de)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，众(zhong)妾(qie)(qie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)等服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)也。《内(nei)(nei)(nei)司服(fu)(fu)(fu)》又(you)(you)曰：“辨外内(nei)(nei)(nei)命妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)：鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、素(su)(su)纱(sha)。”注云：“内(nei)(nei)(nei)命妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)，鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，九嫔也；展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，世妇(fu)也；褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，女御也。”郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经称(cheng)命妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)，王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)与诸(zhu)侯夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)名同(tong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不在命妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)矣，故(gu)(gu)注云：“三(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)其(qi)(qi)阙(que)翟(zhai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)乎？”自九嫔以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)三(san)等，故(gu)(gu)为此(ci)次也。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)国与王(wang)后同(tong)，明(ming)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)，众(zhong)妾(qie)(qie)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)等服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)可知(zhi)(zhi)也。此(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)既有(you)(you)三(san)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)众(zhong)妾(qie)(qie)亦(yi)分(fen)为三(san)等，盖夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)下(xia)，侄娣鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，二(er)媵展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)馀禒衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也。知(zhi)(zhi)“鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)，展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)，褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黑”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《士(shi)冠礼》陈(chen)服(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)，爵(jue)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)，皮(pi)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)，玄端，及《士(shi)丧(sang)礼》陈(chen)袭(xi)事於(wu)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)，爵(jue)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)，皮(pi)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)，褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当玄端，玄端黑，则(ze)(ze)(ze)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)黑也。故(gu)(gu)《内(nei)(nei)(nei)司服(fu)(fu)(fu)》注以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)男子之(zhi)(zhi)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黑，则(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)黑也。又(you)(you)子羔之(zhi)(zhi)袭(xi)褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纁袡，袡用纁，则(ze)(ze)(ze)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用黑明(ming)矣。褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)既黑，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)色逆而差之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白(bai)、鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)可知(zhi)(zhi)。皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)素(su)(su)纱(sha)为里(li)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《周礼》六(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)外，别言“素(su)(su)纱(sha)”，明(ming)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)素(su)(su)纱(sha)为里(li)也。今褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反(fan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)为里(li)，非其(qi)(qi)制，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喻(yu)妾(qie)(qie)上僣也。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)鞠(ju)(ju)(ju)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)不得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)为里(li)，独举褖(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)，诗人(ren)(ren)(ren)意所偶言，无义例也。
绿兮衣兮，绿衣黄裳。上曰衣，下曰裳。笺云：妇人之服，不殊衣裳，上下同色。今衣黑而裳黄，喻乱嫡妾之礼。
○嫡(di)，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“適”，同(tong)丁历反。
[疏]“绿衣黄裳”。
○毛以为，间色之绿，今为衣而在上；正色之黄，反为裳而处下，以兴不正之妾，今蒙宠而尊，正嫡夫人反见疏而卑。前以表里与幽显，则此以上下喻尊卑，虽嫡妾之位不易，而庄公礼遇有薄厚也。郑以妇人之服不殊裳，褖衣当以黑为裳，今反以黄为裳，非其制，以喻贱妾当以谦恭为事，今反上僣为事，亦非其宜。
○笺“妇人”至“同色”。
○正(zheng)义曰：言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊(shu)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)者，谓衣(yi)(yi)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)连(lian)，连(lian)则色同，故云(yun)(yun)上下(xia)同色也(ye)(ye)。定本、《集注》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊(shu)衣(yi)(yi)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)”。《丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)》云(yun)(yun)：“女子(zi)子(zi)在室为父，布总，箭笄，髽，衰(shuai)，三年。”直言(yan)(yan)(yan)衰(shuai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)，则裳(shang)(shang)(shang)与衰(shuai)连(lian)，故注云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)者，妇人(ren)之(zhi)服(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊(shu)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)”是也(ye)(ye)。知非吉凶异者，《士(shi)昏(hun)礼》云(yun)(yun)“女次纯衣(yi)(yi)”，及《礼记》“子(zi)羔之(zhi)袭(xi)，褖衣(yi)(yi)纁袡为一”，称讥袭(xi)妇服(fu)(fu)，皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)，是吉服(fu)(fu)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殊(shu)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)男子(zi)，朝服(fu)(fu)则缁衣(yi)(yi)素裳(shang)(shang)(shang)，丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)则斩衰(shuai)素裳(shang)(shang)(shang)，吉凶皆(jie)殊(shu)衣(yi)(yi)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)。
心之忧矣，曷维其亡。笺云：亡之言忘也。
绿兮丝兮，女所治兮。绿，末也。丝，本也。笺云：女，女妾上僣者。先染丝，后制衣，皆女之所治为也，而女反乱之，亦喻乱嫡妾之礼，责以本末之行。礼，大夫以上衣织，故本於丝也。
○女，崔云“毛如字”，郑音汝。行，下孟反，下同。“以上”，时掌反。“衣织”，於既反，下音志。我思古人，俾无訧兮。俾，使。訧，过也。笺云：古人，谓制礼者。我思此人定尊卑，使人无过差之行。心善之也。
○俾(bi)，卑(bei)尔反(fan)(fan)，沈必履反(fan)(fan)。訧(you)音尤，本或作(zuo)“尤”。差，初(chu)卖反(fan)(fan)，又初(chu)佳反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“绿兮”至“訧兮”。
○毛以为，言绿兮而由於丝兮，此女人之所治。以兴使妾兮而承於嫡兮，此庄公之所治，由丝以为绿，即绿为末，丝为本，犹承嫡而使妾，则妾为卑而嫡为尊。公定尊卑不可乱，犹女治丝，本末不可易。今公何为使妾上僣，而令尊卑乱乎？庄姜既见公不能定尊卑，使己微而妾显，故云我思古之君子，妻妾有序，自使其行无过差者。以庄公不能然，故思之。
○郑言为褖衣兮，当先染丝而后制衣，是汝妇人之所为兮，汝何故乱之，先制衣而后染，使失制度也？以兴嫡在先而尊贵，妾在后而卑贱，是汝贱妾之所为，汝何故乱，令妾在先而尊，嫡在后而卑？是乱嫡妾之礼，失本末之行。庄姜既见此妾上僣，违於礼制，故我思古制礼之人，定尊卑，使人无过差之行者。礼令下不僣上，故思之。
○传“绿，末。丝，本”。
○正义曰：织丝而为缯，染之以成绿，故云绿末丝本，以喻妾卑嫡尊也。上章言其反幽显，此章责公乱尊卑。
○笺“女妾”至“於丝”。
○正义曰：以(yi)(yi)(yi)此诗伤妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僣(tie)己(ji)，故(gu)知“汝，汝妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)僣(tie)者”。大(da)夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)衣织(zhi)，故(gu)知“先(xian)染(ran)(ran)丝，后(hou)制(zhi)衣”。染(ran)(ran)丝制(zhi)衣是妇人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)言“汝所治为(wei)(wei)也”。此衣非上(shang)(shang)僣(tie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)所自治，但(dan)衣者，妇人(ren)所作，假言衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失制(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)喻(yu)妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)僣(tie)耳。故(gu)汝上(shang)(shang)僣(tie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)，言汝反乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，喻(yu)乱(luan)嫡(di)妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也。云“乱(luan)嫡(di)妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)”，本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)染(ran)(ran)丝为(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)，后(hou)制(zhi)衣为(wei)(wei)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，大(da)意(yi)(yi)与毛同。但(dan)毛以(yi)(yi)(yi)染(ran)(ran)绿(lv)为(wei)(wei)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)衣为(wei)(wei)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)耳。笺亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)(ben)喻(yu)嫡(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)喻(yu)妾(qie)，故(gu)云“乱(luan)嫡(di)妾(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)本(ben)(ben)末(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)”。又解本(ben)(ben)丝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，由大(da)夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)衣织(zhi)，故(gu)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知者，《玉藻》云“士(shi)(shi)不衣织(zhi)”。士(shi)(shi)不得(de)，明大(da)夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)得(de)也。染(ran)(ran)人(ren)掌染(ran)(ran)丝帛，染(ran)(ran)丝谓衣织(zhi)者也。
絺兮绤兮，凄其以风。凄，寒风也。笺云：絺绤所以当暑，今以待寒，喻其失所也。
○凄，七西反。我(wo)思古(gu)人，实获我(wo)心。古(gu)之君子，实得我(wo)之心也。笺云：古(gu)之圣人制礼者，使夫妇(fu)有(you)(you)道(dao)，妻妾(qie)贵贱各有(you)(you)次序。
[疏]“絺兮”至“我心”。
○毛以为“稀兮绤兮”当服之以暑时，今用之於“凄其以风”之月，非其宜也，以兴嫡兮妾兮当节之以礼，今使之翻然以乱之，亦非其宜也。言絺绤不以当暑，犹嫡妾不以其礼，故庄姜云：我思古之君子定尊卑，实得我之心。
○郑以为言“絺兮绤兮”本当暑，今以待凄然寒风，失其所，以兴贱兮妾兮所以守职，今以上僣於尊位，亦失其所，故思古之人制礼，使妻妾贵贱有次序，令妾不得上僣者，实得我之心也。
○传“凄，寒风”。
○正义曰：《四月》云“秋日凄凄”，凄，寒凉之名也。此连云以风，故云寒风也。
○传“古之君子”。
○正义曰：传以章首二句皆责庄公不能定其嫡妾之礼，故以为思古之君子，谓能定尊卑，使妻妾次序者也。
○笺“古之圣人制礼者”。
○正义曰：笺以上(shang)二句皆责妾之(zhi)上(shang)僣，故以为思(si)(si)古之(zhi)圣人制礼者，使贵(gui)贱有(you)序，则妾不(bu)得上(shang)僣，故思(si)(si)之(zhi)。
《绿衣》四(si)(si)章，章四(si)(si)句。
《燕燕》，卫庄姜送归妾也。庄姜无子，陈女戴妫生子名完，庄姜以为己子。庄公薨，完立，而州吁杀之。戴妫於是大归，庄姜远送之于野，作诗见己志。
○燕(yan)，於见(jian)反(fan)。戴妫(gui)，居危(wei)反(fan)。戴，谥也(ye)。妫(gui)，陈姓(xing)也(ye)。完(wan)，字又作“皃”，俗音丸，即卫桓公也(ye)。杀，如字，又申志反(fan)。见(jian)，贤遍(bian)反(fan)。
[疏]“《燕燕》四章，章六句”至“归妾”。
○正义曰：作《燕燕》诗者，言卫庄姜送归妾也。谓戴妫大归，庄姜送之。经所陈，皆诀别之后，述其送之之事也。
○笺“庄姜”至“己志”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：隐三年《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“卫庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)娶(qu)于齐(qi)(qi)东宫得臣之(zhi)(zhi)妹曰(yue)(yue)(yue)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，美而(er)无(wu)子(zi)(zi)。又(you)娶(qu)于陈曰(yue)(yue)(yue)厉妫(gui)，生孝伯，早死(si)(si)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)娣(di)戴(dai)妫(gui)生桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)己(ji)子(zi)(zi)。”四年春，州吁(yu)杀桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，经(jing)书“弑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君完(wan)”。是庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)无(wu)子(zi)(zi)，完(wan)立，州吁(yu)杀之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。由其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)见(jian)杀，故(gu)戴(dai)妫(gui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)是大(da)(da)归(gui)(gui)(gui)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)养(yang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)，与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)相善，故(gu)越礼(li)远送(song)於(wu)(wu)(wu)野，作此诗以(yi)见(jian)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)志也(ye)。知归(gui)(gui)(gui)是戴(dai)妫(gui)者(zhe)，经(jing)云“先君之(zhi)(zhi)思”，则庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨矣。桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)时，母(mu)不(bu)当辄归(gui)(gui)(gui)。虽归(gui)(gui)(gui)，非庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)所当送(song)归(gui)(gui)(gui)，明(ming)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)(si)后其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)见(jian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)杀，故(gu)归(gui)(gui)(gui)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)养(yang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)，同伤桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)，故(gu)泣(qi)涕而(er)送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“大(da)(da)归(gui)(gui)(gui)”者(zhe)，不(bu)反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)辞，故(gu)文(wen)十八(ba)年“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏归(gui)(gui)(gui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)”，《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“大(da)(da)归(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)。”以(yi)归(gui)(gui)(gui)宁者(zhe)有时而(er)反(fan)，此即归(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)复来，故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)归(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)。《卫世家》云：“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)娶(qu)齐(qi)(qi)女(nv)(nv)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人而(er)无(wu)子(zi)(zi)。又(you)娶(qu)陈女(nv)(nv)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人，生子(zi)(zi)早死(si)(si)。陈女(nv)(nv)女(nv)(nv)娣(di)亦幸(xing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而(er)生子(zi)(zi)完(wan)。完(wan)母(mu)死(si)(si)，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)命夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人齐(qi)(qi)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)，立为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)。”礼(li)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)再娶(qu)，且庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)仍(reng)在，《左传(chuan)》唯言(yan)(yan)“又(you)娶(qu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)陈”，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人。《世家》云“又(you)娶(qu)陈女(nv)(nv)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人”，非也(ye)。《左传(chuan)》唯言(yan)(yan)戴(dai)妫(gui)生桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)为(wei)(wei)己(ji)子(zi)(zi)，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)死(si)(si)，云“完(wan)母(mu)死(si)(si)”，亦非也(ye)。然(ran)传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)又(you)娶(qu)者(zhe)，盖谓媵也(ye)。《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“同姓媵之(zhi)(zhi)，异(yi)姓则否。”此陈其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得媵庄(zhuang)(zhuang)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)，《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)世不(bu)能如礼(li)。
燕燕于飞，差池其羽。燕燕，鳦也。燕之于飞，必差池其羽。笺云：差池其羽，谓张舒其尾翼，兴戴妫将归，顾视其衣服。
○差，楚佳反，又楚宜反。池，如字。鳦音乙，本又作“乙”，郭乌拔反。之子于归，远送于野。之子，去者也。归，归宗也。远送过礼。于，於也。郊外曰野。笺云：妇人之礼，送迎不出门。今我送是子，乃至于野者，舒己愤，尽己情。
○野，如字，协韵羊汝反。沈云：“协句宜音时预反。”后放此。愤，符粉反。瞻望弗及，泣涕如雨！瞻，视也。
○涕，他礼反，徐(xu)又音弟。
[疏]“燕燕”至“如雨”。
○正义曰：燕燕往飞之时，必舒张其尾翼，以兴戴妫将归之时，亦顾视其衣服。既视其衣服，从此而去。是此去之子，往归於国，我庄姜远送至於郊外之野。既至於野，与之诀别，己留而彼去，稍稍更远，瞻望之不复能及，故念之泣涕如雨然也。上二句谓其将行，次二句言己在路，下二句言既诀之后。
○传“燕燕，鳦”。
○正义曰：《释鸟》“巂周、燕燕，鳦”。孙炎曰：“别三名。”舍人曰：“巂周名燕燕，又名鳦。”郭璞曰：“一名玄鸟，齐人呼鳦。此燕即今之燕也，古人重言之。《汉书》童谣云‘燕燕尾涎涎’，是也。”鳦、乙字异，音义同。郭氏一音乌拔反。
○笺“差池”至“衣服”。
○正义曰：差池者，往飞之之貌，故云“舒张其尾翼”。实翼也，而兼言尾者，以飞时尾亦舒张故也。鸟有羽翼，犹人有衣服，故知以羽之差池喻顾视衣服。既飞而有上下，故以“颉之颃之”喻出入前却。既上下而有音声，故以“上下其音”喻言语大小，取譬连类，各以其次。
○笺“妇人送迎不出门”。
○正义(yi)曰：僖二十二年《左传》文。
燕燕于飞，颉之颃之。飞而上日颉，飞而下曰颃。笺云：颉颃，兴戴妫将归，出入前却。
○颉(jie)，户结反(fan)。颃(hang)，户郎反(fan)。上，时掌反(fan)，篇内皆(jie)同(tong)。
[疏]传“飞而”至“曰颃”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此及下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)传“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)音(yin)(yin)(yin)”、“下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)音(yin)(yin)(yin)”皆无文。以经(jing)言往飞之时，颉之颃(hang)之，明(ming)颉颃(hang)非一也，故知(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)曰颉，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)曰颃(hang)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)经(jing)言“下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)其音(yin)(yin)(yin)”，音(yin)(yin)(yin)无上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，唯飞有上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)耳，知(zhi)飞而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)为音(yin)(yin)(yin)曰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)音(yin)(yin)(yin)，飞而(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)为音(yin)(yin)(yin)曰下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)音(yin)(yin)(yin)也。
之子于归，远于将之。将，行也。笺云：将亦送也。瞻望弗及，伫立以泣！伫立，久立也。
○伫，直吕反。
燕燕于飞，下上其音。飞而上曰上音，飞而下曰下音。笺云：“下上其音”，兴戴妫将归，言语感激，声有小大。
○激，经历反。之子于归，远送于南。陈在卫南。
○南，如字，沈云：“协句宜乃林反。今谓古人韵缓，不烦改字。”瞻望弗及，实劳我心。
○实，是也，本亦作“寔”。
仲氏任只，其心塞渊。仲，戴妫字也。任，大。塞，瘗。渊，深也。笺云：任者，以恩相亲信也。《周礼》“六行：孝、友、睦、姻、任、恤”。
○任，入林反。沈云：“郑而鸩反。”“塞，瘗”，於例反，崔《集注》本作“实”。行，下孟反，下篇同。终温且惠，淑慎其身。惠，顺也。笺云：温，谓颜色和也。淑，善也。先君之思，以勖寡人！勖，勉也。笺云：戴妫思先君庄公之故，故将归犹劝勉寡人以礼义。寡人，庄姜自谓也。
○勖，凶(xiong)玉反，徐又况目反。
[疏]“仲氏”至“寡人”。
○正义曰：庄姜既送戴妫，而思其德行及其言语，乃称其字，言仲氏有大德行也，其心诚实而深远也。又终当颜色温和，且能恭顺，善自谨慎其身。内外之德既如此，又於将归之时，思先君之故，劝勉寡人以礼义也。
○郑唯任字为异，言仲氏有任之德，能以恩相亲信也。
○传“仲戴”至“任大”。
○正义曰：妇人不以名行，今称仲氏，明是其字。《礼记》“男女异长”，注云“各自为伯季”，故妇人称仲氏也。“任，大”，《释诂》文也。定本“任大”之下云：“‘塞，瘗也’，俗本‘塞，实也’。”
○笺“任者”至“任恤”。正义曰：笺以此二句说戴妫之操行，故知为任恤，言其能以恩相亲信也，故引“六行”之“任”以证之。《周礼》注云：“善於父母为孝。善於兄弟为友。睦，亲於九族。姻，亲於外亲。任，信於友道。恤，振於忧贫。”
○笺“戴妫”至“礼义”。
○正义(yi)曰：以劝勉之，故(gu)知是(shi)礼(li)义(yi)也。《坊记(ji)》引此诗，注(zhu)以为夫人定姜之诗，不同者，《郑志》答炅模云：“为《记(ji)》注(zhu)时，就卢君(jun)先师亦然(ran)。后乃得毛(mao)公传，既(ji)古书(shu)义(yi)又(you)且(qie)然(ran)。《记(ji)》注(zhu)己行，不复改之。”
《燕(yan)燕(yan)》四章，章六句。
《日月》，卫庄姜伤己也。遭州吁之难，伤己不见答於先君，以至困穷之诗也。。
○难(nan)，乃旦反。“以至困(kun)穷之诗也(ye)”，旧本皆尔，俗本或(huo)作“以致困(kun)穷而(er)作是诗也(ye)”，误。
[疏]“《日月》四章，章六句”至“困穷”。
○正义曰(yue)：俗本作“以(yi)致困穷之诗(shi)”者，误也(ye)。
日居月诸！照临下土。日乎月乎，照临之也。笺云：日月喻国君与夫人也，当同德齐意以治国者，常道也。乃如之人兮，逝不古处。逝，逮。古，故也。笺云：之人，是人也，谓庄公也。其所以接及我者，不以故处，甚违其初时。
○处，昌虑反，又昌吕反。胡能有定？宁不我顾？胡，何。定，止也。笺云：宁犹曾也。君之行如是，何能有所定乎？曾不顾念我之言，是其所以不能定完也。
○顧(gu)，本又作“顾(gu)”，如字，徐音古，此(ci)亦协韵也。后放此(ci)。
[疏]“日居”至“我顾”。
○正义曰：言日乎，日以照昼，月乎，月以照夜，故得同曜齐明，而照临下土。以兴国君也，夫人也，国君视外治，夫人视内政，当亦同德齐意以治理国事，如此是其常道。今乃如是人庄公，其所接及我夫人，不以古时恩意处遇之，是不与之同德齐意，失月配日之义也。公於夫妇尚不得所，於众事亦何能有所定乎？適曾不顾念我之言而己，无能有所定也。
○传“逝，逮”。
○正义曰：《释言》文也。又曰：“逮，及也。”故笺云“其所以接及我者”。下章传云：“不及我以相好。”皆为及也。顾下章传，亦宜倒读，云“不及我以故处”也，虽倒，义与郑同。但郑顺经文，故似与传异耳。
○笺“是其”至“定完”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：此本伤君不答於己，言夫(fu)妇之(zhi)(zhi)道尚如是(shi)，於众(zhong)事(shi)何(he)能(neng)有(you)所(suo)定(ding)(ding)乎(hu)！然则庄(zhuang)公是(shi)不能(neng)定(ding)(ding)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)人，郑引不能(neng)定(ding)(ding)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)验，谓(wei)庄(zhuang)公不能(neng)定(ding)(ding)完(wan)者，隐三年《左传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“公子(zi)(zi)州吁(yu)有(you)宠而好兵，公不禁。石碏谏曰(yue)：‘将立州吁(yu)，乃定(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。若犹未(wei)也(ye)(ye)，阶(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)祸。’”是(shi)公有(you)欲立州吁(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)意，故杜预云(yun)：“完(wan)虽为(wei)(wei)庄(zhuang)姜子(zi)(zi)，然太子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)位未(wei)定(ding)(ding)。”是(shi)完(wan)不为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。《左传(chuan)》唯言庄(zhuang)姜以为(wei)(wei)己子(zi)(zi)，不言为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)，而《世家》云(yun)“命(ming)夫(fu)人齐女子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)，立为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)”，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。
日居月诸！下土是冒。冒，覆也。笺云：覆犹照临也。乃如之人兮，逝不相好。不及我以相好。笺云：其所以接及我者，不以相好之恩情，甚於己薄也。
○好(hao)，呼报(bao)反(fan)，注同(tong)。王、崔、申(shen)、毛如字。胡(hu)能有定？宁不(bu)我报(bao)？尽妇道(dao)而不(bu)得报(bao)。
日居月诸！出自东方。日始月盛，皆出东方。笺云：自，从也。言夫人当盛之时，与君同位。乃如之人兮，德音无良。音，声。良，善也。笺云：无善恩意之声语於我也。
○语，鱼据反。胡能有定？俾(bi)也(ye)可忘(wang)。笺云(yun)：俾(bi)，使也(ye)。君之行如(ru)此，何能有所定，使是无良可忘(wang)也(ye)。
[疏]“日居”至“可忘”。
○正义曰：言日乎月乎，日之始照，月之盛望，皆出东方。言月盛之时，有与日同，以兴国君也，夫人也，国君之平常，夫人之隆盛，皆秉其国事。夫人之盛时，亦当与君同，如此是其常。今乃如之人庄公，曾无良善之德音以处语夫人，是疏远已，不与之同位，失月配日之义。君之行如是，何能有所定！使是无良之行可忘也。
○传“日始”至“东方”。
○正义曰：日月虽分照昼夜，而日恒明，月则有盈有阙，不常盛，盛则与日皆出东方。犹君与夫人，虽各听内外，而君恒伸，夫人有屈有伸，伸则与君同居尊位，故笺云“夫人当盛之时，与君同位”。
○笺“无善”至“于我”。
○正义(yi)曰：如笺所云(yun)，则当倒读(du)，云(yun)“无(wu)良德音”，谓无(wu)善恩意(yi)之音声处语我(wo)夫(fu)人也。
日居月诸！东方自出。父兮母兮！畜我不卒。笺云：畜，养。卒，终也。父兮母兮者，言己尊之如父，又亲之如母，乃反养遇我不终也。胡能有定？报我不述！述，循也。笺云：不循，不循礼也。
○述，本亦作“术”。
《日月》四章，章六句(ju)。
《终(zhong)风》，卫(wei)庄姜(jiang)伤己也。遭州吁之(zhi)暴，见(jian)侮慢而不能(neng)正也。正，犹止也。
[疏]“《终风》四章，章四句”至“不能正”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：暴与难(nan)，一也(ye)。遭困穷是厄难(nan)之事，故(gu)(gu)上篇言(yan)难(nan)。见侮慢是暴戾之事，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)篇言(yan)暴。此(ci)经皆是暴戾见侮慢之事。
终风且暴，顾我则笑。兴也。终日风为终风。暴，疾也。笑，侮之也。笺云：既竟日风矣，而又暴疾。兴者，喻州吁之为不善，如终风之无休止。而其间又有甚恶，其在庄姜之旁，视庄姜则反笑之，是无敬心之甚。
○终风，《韩诗》云：“西风也。”谑浪笑敖，言戏谑不敬。
○谑，许(xu)约(yue)反。浪，力葬反，《韩诗》云：“起(qi)也。”笑，本又作(zuo)“<口笑>”，俗字也，悉妙反。敖，五报反。中心(xin)是悼！笺云：悼者，伤其如是，然(ran)而(er)已不能得而(er)止之(zhi)。
[疏]“终风”至“是悼”。
○正义曰：言天既终日风，且其间有暴疾，以兴州吁既不善，而其间又有甚恶，在我庄姜之傍，顾视我则反笑之，又戏谑调笑而敖慢，己庄姜无如之何，中心以是悼伤，伤其不能止之。
○传“暴，疾”。
○正义曰：《释天》云：“日出而风为暴。”孙炎曰：“阴云不兴，而大风暴起。”然则为风之暴疾，故云疾也。
○传“言戏谑不敬”。
○正义(yi)曰：《释诂》云：“谑(xue)浪笑敖，戏(xi)谑(xue)也。”舍人曰：“谑(xue)，戏(xi)谑(xue)也。浪，意(yi)明也。笑，心乐也。敖，意(yi)舒也。戏(xi)笑，邪(xie)戏(xi)也。谑(xue)，笑之貌也。”郭璞曰：“谓调戏(xi)也。”此连云笑敖，故为不敬。《淇奥》云“善(shan)戏(xi)谑(xue)兮(xi)”，明非不敬也。
终风且霾，霾，雨土也。
○霾，亡皆反，徐又莫戒反。雨，于付反。风而雨土为霾。惠然肯来？言时有顺心也。笺云：肯，可也。有顺心然后可以来至我旁，不欲见其戏谑。
○肯来，如字，古协思韵，多音梨。他皆放此。莫往莫来，悠悠我思！人无子道以来事己，己亦不得以丹道往加之。笺云：我思其如是，心悠悠然。
○我思，如字(zi)。
[疏]“终风”至“我思”。
○毛以为，天既终日风，且又有暴甚雨土之时，以兴州吁常为不善，又有甚恶恚怒之时。州吁之暴既如是，又不肯数见庄姜时有顺心然后肯来，虽来，复侮慢之。与上互也。州吁既然则无子道以来事己，是“莫来”也；由此己不得以母道往加之，是“莫往”也。今既莫往莫来，母子恩绝，悠悠然我心思之，言思其如是则悠悠然也。
○郑唯“惠然肯来”为异。以上云“顾我则笑”，是其来无顺心，明庄姜不欲其来。且州吁之暴，非有顺心肯来也，故以为若有顺心，则可来我傍，既无顺心，不欲见其来而戏谑也。
○传“霾，雨土”。
○正义曰：《释天》云：“风而雨土为霾。”孙炎曰：“大风扬尘土从上下也。”
○传“人无”至“加之”。
○正义曰：以本由子不事(shi)己(ji)，己(ji)乃(nai)不得以母道往加(jia)之，故先(xian)解莫来，后解莫往。经先(xian)言莫往者，盖取便文也。
终风且曀，不日有曀。阴而风曰曀。笺云：有，又也。既竟日风，且复曀不见日矣。而又曀者，喻州吁闇乱甚也。
○曀，於计反。复，扶富反。寤言不寐，原言则嚏。嚏，跲也。笺云：言我原思也。嚏读当为不敢嚏咳之嚏。我其忧悼而不能寐，汝思我心如是，我则嚏也。今俗人嚏，云：“人道我。”此古之遗语也。
○疌，本(ben)又(you)(you)作“嚏”，又(you)(you)作“疐(zhi)”，旧竹利反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)(you)丁四(si)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)(you)猪吏反(fan)(fan)(fan)，或竹季(ji)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，劫也。郑作“嚏”，音(yin)都(dou)丽反(fan)(fan)(fan)，劫也，居业(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，本(ben)又(you)(you)作“跲”，音(yin)同。又(you)(you)渠业(ye)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。孙毓(yu)同崔，云(yun)：“毛训‘疌’为‘<去欠(qian)>’，今(jin)俗人(ren)(ren)云(yun)‘欠(qian)欠(qian)<去欠(qian)>々’是也。不作“劫”字。人(ren)(ren)体倦(juan)则伸，志倦(juan)则<去欠(qian)>。”案：音(yin)丘据反(fan)(fan)(fan)。《玉篇》云(yun)：“<去欠(qian)>欠(qian)，张口也。”咳，开爱(ai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“终风”至“则嚏”。
○毛以为，天既终日风，且复阴而曀，不见日光矣，而又曀。以兴州吁既常不善，且复怒而甚，不见喜悦矣，而又甚。州吁既暴如是矣，庄姜言我寤觉而不能寐，原以母道往加之，我则嚏跲而不行。
○郑唯下一句为异，具在笺。
○传“阴而风曰曀”。
○正义曰：《释天》文。孙炎曰：“云风曀日光。”
○笺“既竟”至“乱甚”。
○正义曰：此州吁暴益甚，故见其渐也。言“且曀”者，且阴往曀日，其阴尚薄，不见日则曰曀也。复云曀，则阴云益甚，天气弥闇，故云“喻州吁之闇乱甚也”。以“且曀”己喻其闇，“又曀”弥益其闇，故云甚也。
○传“嚏，跲”。
○正义曰：王肃云“原以母道往加之，则嚏劫而不行”，跲与劫音义同也。定本、《集注》并同。
○笺“嚏读”至“遗语”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《内则》云：“子在(zai)父母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所，不敢哕(hui)噫(yi)嚏咳。”此读如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。言(yan)“汝思我心(xin)如(ru)是(shi)”，解经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“愿”也。言(yan)“我则嚏”，解经言(yan)“则嚏”也。称“俗人云”者，以俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所传(chuan)，有验於事(shi)，可以取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《左传(chuan)》每引“谚曰(yue)”，《诗》称“人亦有言(yan)”，是(shi)古(gu)有用俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验。
曀曀其阴，如常阴曀曀然。虺虺其雷。暴若震雷之声虺虺然。寤言不寐，愿言则怀。怀，伤也。笺云：怀，安也。女思我心如是，我则安也。
○女音汝(ru)，下同(tong)，后可以(yi)意求(qiu)之(zhi)。疑(yi)者更出(chu)“虺，虚(xu)鬼(gui)反”。
[疏]“曀曀”至“则怀”。
○毛以为，天既曀曀然其常阴，又虺虺然其震雷也，以兴州吁之暴如是，故庄姜言，我夜觉常不寐，原以母道往加之，我则伤心。
○郑唯下句为异，言汝州吁思我心如是，我则安。
○传“如常阴曀曀然”。
○正义曰：上“终风且曀”，且其间有曀时，不常阴。此重言曀曀，连云其阴，故云常阴也。言曀复曀，则阴曀之甚也。《尔雅》云“阴而风为曀”，则此曀亦有风，但前风有不阴，故曀连终风，此则常阴，故直云曀有风可知也。
○传“暴若(ruo)”至“虺然”。正义(yi)曰：雨雷则殷殷然，此(ci)喻州(zhou)吁之(zhi)暴，故以为震雷奋击之(zhi)声(sheng)虺虺然。《十月之(zhi)交(jiao)》曰“爗(yan)々震电”，皆此(ci)类也。
《终风》四章，章四句。
《击鼓》，怨州吁也。卫州吁用兵暴乱，使公孙文仲将而平陈与宋，国人怨其勇而无礼也。将者，将兵以伐郑也。平，成也。将伐郑，先告陈与宋，以成其伐事。《春秋》传曰：“宋殇公之即位也，公子冯出奔郑。郑人欲纳之。及卫州吁立，将修先君之怨於郑，而求宠於诸侯，以和其民。使告於宋曰：‘君若伐郑，以除君害，君为主，敝邑以赋与陈、蔡从，则卫国之愿也。’宋人许之。於是陈、蔡方睦於卫，故宋公、陈侯、蔡人、卫人伐郑。”是也。伐郑在鲁隐四年。
○将，子亮反(fan)，注“将者(zhe)”同(tong)。殇音伤。冯，本亦作“凭”，同(tong)皮(pi)冰反(fan)。“蔡(cai)从(cong)(cong)”，才用(yong)反(fan)，下(xia)“陈、蔡(cai)从(cong)(cong)”同(tong)。
[疏]“《击鼓》五章，章四句”至“无礼”。
○正义曰：作《击鼓》诗者，怨州吁也。由卫州吁用兵暴乱，乃使其大夫公孙文仲为将，而兴兵伐郑，又欲成其伐事，先告陈及宋与之俱行，故国人怨其勇而无礼。怨与剌皆自下怨上之辞。怨者，情所恚恨，剌者，责其愆咎，大同小异耳，故《论语》注云：“怨谓剌上政。”《谱》云：“剌怨相寻。”是也。言用兵暴乱者，阻兵而安忍，暴虐而祸乱也。古者谓战器为兵，《左传》曰：“郑伯朝於楚，楚子赐之金，曰：‘无以铸兵。’”兵者人所执，因号人亦曰兵。《左传》曰“败郑徒兵”，此笺云“将者，将兵”是也。然则此序云“用兵”者，谓用人兵也。经云“踊跃用兵”，谓兵器也。国人怨其勇而无礼，经五章皆陈兵役之怨辞。
○笺“将者”至“隐四年”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：知(zhi)将(jiang)兵(bing)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)，州吁(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)隐(yin)四(si)(si)年春弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)，至(zhi)九月(yue)被(bei)杀(sha)，其(qi)中唯夏秋(qiu)再有伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，此(ci)(ci)言(yan)州吁(yu)(yu)(yu)用(yong)兵(bing)暴乱，是伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可知(zhi)。时无伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，而经、序云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“平陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与宋(song)”，《传(chuan)》有告(gao)(gao)(gao)宋(song)使(shi)除(chu)君(jun)(jun)害(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)侯又(you)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)训“平”为(wei)(wei)(wei)“成(cheng)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。告(gao)(gao)(gao)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与宋(song)，成(cheng)其(qi)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《春秋(qiu)》曰(yue)(yue)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆(jie)隐(yin)四(si)(si)年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)州吁(yu)(yu)(yu)有伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)先(xian)(xian)告(gao)(gao)(gao)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。末言(yan)“在鲁隐(yin)四(si)(si)年”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)州吁(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立，不(bu)(bu)终(zhong)此(ci)(ci)年，唯有此(ci)(ci)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，上(shang)直引(yin)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“其(qi)年不(bu)(bu)明”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)又(you)详之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋(song)殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即位(wei)(wei)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)奔(ben)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)，殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)，宋(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄子(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)致位(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)，使(shi)冯(feng)避(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，出(chu)居於(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)欲(yu)(yu)纳(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，欲(yu)(yu)纳(na)於(wu)(wu)宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨，服(fu)、杜皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“隐(yin)二年郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)卫(wei)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《谱》依《世(shi)家》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)平王三十(shi)七(qi)年即位(wei)(wei)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)矣(yi)。服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)求宠於(wu)(wu)诸侯者(zhe)，杜预云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸侯虽篡弑(shi)而立，既列(lie)於(wu)(wu)会(hui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)得复讨”，欲(yu)(yu)求此(ci)(ci)宠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)除(chu)君(jun)(jun)害(hai)(hai)者(zhe)，服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)将(jiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)”。言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)赋与陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)从者(zhe)，服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“赋，兵(bing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)田赋出(chu)兵(bing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋。”正(zheng)谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)又(you)说卫(wei)州吁(yu)(yu)(yu)欲(yu)(yu)和其(qi)民，宋(song)殇公(gong)(gong)(gong)欲(yu)(yu)除(chu)其(qi)害(hai)(hai)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)二国伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)亦从者(zhe)，是时陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)方亲(qin)睦於(wu)(wu)卫(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)侯、蔡(cai)(cai)人(ren)、卫(wei)人(ren)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，首(shou)(shou)兵(bing)者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。今伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋，则(ze)(ze)(ze)吁(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卫(wei)人(ren)叙(xu)(xu)於(wu)(wu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下者(zhe)，服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卫(wei)使(shi)宋(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，使(shi)大夫将(jiang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)叙(xu)(xu)卫(wei)於(wu)(wu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)下”。传(chuan)唯云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)告(gao)(gao)(gao)宋(song)使(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，此(ci)(ci)笺先(xian)(xian)言(yan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与宋(song)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)亦从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卫(wei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)可知(zhi)。但传(chuan)见使(shi)宋(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)平陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与宋(song)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)笺兼言(yan)告(gao)(gao)(gao)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
击鼓其镗，踊跃用兵。镗然，击鼓声也。使众皆踊跃用兵也。笺云：此用兵，谓治兵时。
○镗，吐当反。土国城漕，我独南行。漕，卫邑也。笺云：此言众民皆劳苦也，或役土功於国，或脩理漕城，而我独见使从军南行伐郑，是尤劳苦之甚。
○漕音曹。
[疏]“击鼓”至“南行”。
○正义曰：言州吁初治兵出国，命士众将行，则击此鼓，其声镗然，使士众皆踊跃用兵也。军士将行，以征伐为苦，言今国人或役土功於国，或修理漕城，而我独见使南行，不得在国也。
○传“镗然”至“用兵”。
○正义曰：《司马法》云：“鼓声不过阊。”字虽异，音实同也。《左传》曰：“夫战，勇气也。一鼓作气。”又曰：“金鼓以声气。”故先击其鼓，而众皆踊跃用兵也。
○笺“此用兵，谓治兵时”。
○正义曰：以下始云从孙子仲在路之事，故知此谓治兵时。《穀梁传》曰：“出曰治兵，入曰振旅”是也。
○传“漕，卫邑”。
○正义曰：《定之方中序》云“野处漕邑”，《载驰序》云“露於漕邑”，是也。
○笺“此言”至“之甚”。
○正义曰(yue)：州吁虐用其民，此言众民虽劳苦(ku)，犹(you)(you)得在国(guo)，己从征(zheng)役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，故为尤苦(ku)也。《礼(li)记》曰(yue)：“五(wu)十(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)从力(li)政，六十(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)与服戎。”注云：“力(li)政，城(cheng)郭道渠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”则戎事(shi)六十(shi)(shi)始(shi)免(mian)，轻於(wu)土功，而言尤苦(ku)者，以州吁用兵(bing)暴乱，从军出(chu)国(guo)，恐有(you)死伤，故为尤苦(ku)。土国(guo)城(cheng)漕，虽用力(li)劳苦(ku)，无死伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患，故优(you)於(wu)兵(bing)事(shi)也。若力(li)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，则二十(shi)(shi)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，五(wu)十(shi)(shi)免(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故《韩(han)诗说》“二十(shi)(shi)从役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，《王(wang)制(zhi)》云“五(wu)十(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)从力(li)政”，是(shi)也。戎事(shi)，则《韩(han)诗说》曰(yue)“三十(shi)(shi)受兵(bing)，六十(shi)(shi)还(hai)兵(bing)”，《王(wang)制(zhi)》云“六十(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)与服戎”，是(shi)也。盖力(li)政用力(li)，故取丁(ding)壮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)力(li)始(shi)衰，故早役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，早舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。戎事(shi)当须闲习，三十(shi)(shi)乃始(shi)从役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，未(wei)六十(shi)(shi)年(nian)力(li)虽衰，戎事(shi)希简(jian)，犹(you)(you)可以从军，故受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既晚(wan)，舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦晚(wan)。戎事(shi)非轻於(wu)力(li)役(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。
从孙子仲，平陈与宋。孙子仲，谓公孙文仲也。平陈於宋，笺云：子仲，字也。平陈於宋，谓使告宋曰“君为主，敝邑以赋与陈、蔡从”。不我以归，忧心有忡！忧心忡忡然。笺云：以犹与也。与我南行，不与我归期。兵，凶事，惧不得归，豫忧之。
○忡(chong)，敕忠反。
[疏]“从孙”至“有忡”。
○正义曰：国人从军之士云：我独南行，从孙子仲，成伐事於陈与宋。成伐事者，先告陈，使从於宋，与之俱行也。当往之时，不於我以告归期，不知早晚得还，故我忧心忡忡然，豫忧不得归也。
○传“孙子”至“文仲”。
○正义曰：经叙国人之辞，既言从於文，不得言公孙也。笺云子仲，字。仲，长幼之称，故知是字，则文是谥也。国人所言时未死，不言谥，序从后言之，故以谥配字也。
○传“忧心忡忡然”。
○正义曰：传重言忡忡者，以忡为忧之意，宜重言之。《出车》云“忧心忡忡”，是也。
○笺“与我”至“豫忧之”。
○正义曰：《采薇》云：“曰归曰归，岁亦莫止。”是与之(zhi)归期也(ye)。故(gu)云“兵，凶事(shi)，惧不得(de)归，豫忧之(zhi)”，解言(yan)不得(de)归期之(zhi)意也(ye)。言(yan)“兵，凶事(shi)”者(zhe)，战有必死之(zhi)志，故(gu)云凶也(ye)。
爰居爰处？爰丧其马？有不还者，有亡其马者，笺云：爰，於也。不还，谓死也，伤也，病也。今於何居乎，於何处乎，於何丧其马乎。
○丧，息浪反。注同。于以求之？于林之下。山木曰林。笺云：于，於也。求不还者及亡其马者，当於山林之下。军行必依山林，求其故处，近得之。
○处，昌虑(lv)反。近(jin)，附近(jin)之近(jin)。
[疏]“爰居”至“之下”。
○正义曰：从军之士惧不得归，言我等从军，或有死者、病者，有亡其马者，则於何居乎？於何处乎？於何丧其马乎？若我家人於后求我，往於何处求之？当於山林之下。以军行必依山林，死伤病亡当在其下，故令家人於林下求之也。
○传“有不”至“马者”。
○正义曰：此解从军之人所以言“爰居爰处”者，由恐有不还者也。言“爰丧其马”者，恐有亡其马者故也。
○笺“不还”至“马乎”。
○正义曰：古者兵车一乘，甲士三人，步卒七十二人，则死伤及病兼步卒，亡其马唯甲士耳。
○笺“军行(xing)”至(zhi)“得之(zhi)”。正(zheng)义曰(yue)：以军行(xing)为所取给易，必依(yi)险(xian)阻(zu)，故於(wu)山林也。是以《肆师》云(yun)：“祭兵于(yu)山川。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“盖军之(zhi)所依(yi)止也。”求其故处，谓求其所依(yi)止之(zhi)处，近於(wu)得之(zhi)。
死生契阔，与子成说。契阔，勤苦也。说，数也。笺云：从军之士与其伍约，死也生也，相与处勤苦之中，我与子成相说爱之恩，志在相存救也。
○契，本亦作“挈”，同苦结反。阔，苦活反，《韩诗》云“约束也”。说音悦。数，色主反。执子之手，与子偕老。偕，俱也。笺云：执其手，与之约誓示信也。言俱老者，庶几俱免於难。
○偕(xie)音(yin)皆。“与之约”，如字，又於妙(miao)反，下同。一本作“与之约誓”。难，乃旦反。
[疏]“死生”至“偕老”。
○毛以为，从军之士与其伍约，云我今死也生也，共处契阔勤苦之中，亲莫是过，当与子危难相救，成其军伍之数，勿得相背，使非理死亡也。於是执子之手，殷勤约誓，庶几与子俱得保命，以至於老，不在军陈而死。王肃云：“言国人室家之志，欲相与从生死，契阔勤苦而不相离，相与成男女之数，相扶持俱老。”此似述毛，非毛旨也。卒章传曰“不与我生活”，言与是军伍相约之辞，则此为军伍相约，非室家之谓也。
○郑唯“成说”为异，言我与汝共受勤苦之中，皆相说爱，故当与子成此相悦爱之恩，志在相救。馀同。
○传“契阔，勤苦”。
○正义曰：此叙士众之辞。连云死生，明为从军勤苦之义，则契阔，勤苦之状。
○笺“从军”至“伍约”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：《大司马》云：“五人为(wei)伍(wu)。”谓与其伍(wu)中之人约(yue)束(shu)也。军法(fa)有两、卒、师(shi)、旅，其约(yue)亦可相及，独言伍(wu)者，以执手(shou)相约(yue)，必与亲近，故昭二十一年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“不死伍(wu)乘，军之大刑也。”是同伍(wu)相救，故举以言之。
于嗟阔兮，不我活兮！不与我生活也。笺云：州吁阻兵安忍，阻兵无众，安忍无亲，众叛亲离。军士弃其约，离散相远，故吁嗟叹之，阔兮，女不与我相救活，伤之。
○远，于万反。于嗟洵兮，不我信兮！洵，远。信，极也。笺云：叹其弃约，不与我相亲信，亦伤之。
○洵，吁县反，本或作“询”，误也。询音(yin)荀。《韩(han)诗》作“敻”，敻亦(yi)远也。信(xin)，毛(mao)音(yin)申。案：信(xin)即古伸字也。郑如字。
[疏]“于嗟”至“信兮”。
○毛以为，既临伐郑，军士弃约而乖散，故其在军之人叹而伤之，云：于嗟乎，此军伍之人，今日与我乖阔兮，不与我相存救而生活兮。又重言之，云：于嗟乎，此军伍之人，与我相疏远兮，不与我相存救，使性命得申极兮。“乖阔”、“疏远”及“性命不得申极”，与“不得生活兮”一也，下句配成上句耳。
○郑唯“信兮”为异，言从军之人与我疏远，不复与我相亲信。由不亲信，故不与已相救活，义相接成也。
○笺“州吁”至“伤之”。
○正义曰：隐四年《左传》曰：“夫州吁阻兵而安忍，阻兵无众，安忍无亲，众叛亲离，难以济矣。”杜预云：“恃兵则民残，民残则众叛。安忍则刑过，刑过则亲离。”然则以州吁恃兵安忍，故众叛亲离，由是军士弃其约，散而相远，是以在军之人伤其不相救活也。时州吁不自行，言州吁阻兵安忍者，以伐郑之谋，州吁之由，州吁暴虐，民不得用，故众叛亲离，弃其约束。不必要州吁自行乃致此也。案《左传》“伐郑，围其东门，五口而还”，则不战矣。而军士离散者，以其民不得用，虽未对敌，亦有离心，故有阔兮洵兮之叹也。
○传“信，极”。
○正(zheng)义曰：信(xin)(xin)，古伸字(zi)。故《易》曰“引而信(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)”。伸即终极之(zhi)(zhi)义，故云“信(xin)(xin)，极也”。
《击鼓》五章，章四句。