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毛诗正义卷三 三之一在线阅读

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卷三 三之一

  ◎鄘柏(bo)舟诂训传第四(si)


  ○陆曰(yue):鄘(yong)音容。郑云(yun):纣都以南曰(yue)鄘(yong)。王云(yun):王城以西曰(yue)鄘(yong)也。

《柏舟》,共姜自誓也。卫世子共伯蚤死,其妻守义,父母欲夺而嫁之,誓而弗许,故作是诗以绝之。共伯,僖侯之世子。
  ○共音(yin)(yin)恭(gong),下同。姜,居羊(yang)反(fan)。共姜,共伯(bo)之妻(qi)也,妇人从夫谥。姜,姓也。蚤音(yin)(yin)早。僖(xi),许其反(fan),《史(shi)记(ji)》作(zuo)“釐”,曹大(da)家音(yin)(yin)僖(xi)。

[疏]“《柏舟》二章,章七句”至“以绝之”。
  ○正义曰:作《柏舟》诗者,言其共姜自誓也。所以自誓者,卫世子共伯蚤死,其妻共姜守义不嫁,其父母欲夺其意而嫁之,故与父母誓而不许更嫁,故作是《柏舟》之诗,以绝止父母夺己之意。此誓云己至死无他心,与郑伯誓母云“不及黄泉,无相见”,皆豫为来事之约,即盟之类也。言卫世子者,依《世家》,共伯之死,时釐侯已葬,“入釐侯羡自杀”,则未成君,故系之父在之辞。言世子,以别於众子,《曾子问》曰“君薨而世子生”之类也。《春秋公羊》之说云:存称世子,君薨称子某,既葬称子。《左氏》之义,既葬称君,与此不同。此诗便文说事,非史策属辞之例也。言共伯者,共,谥;伯,字。以未成君,故不称爵。言早死者,谓早死不得为君,不必年幼也。《世家》武公和篡共伯而立,“五十五年,卒”。《楚语》曰:“昔卫武公年九十有五矣,犹箴儆于国。”则未必有死年九十五以后也,则武公即位,四十一二以上,共伯是其兄,则又长矣。其妻盖少,犹可以嫁。《丧服传》曰:“夫死,妻稚子幼,子无大功之亲,妻得与之適人。”是於礼得嫁,但不如不嫁为善,故云“守义”。《记云》:“一与之齐,终身不改。”故夫死不嫁,是夫妻之义也。此叙其自誓之由也。自誓,即下云“至死矢靡他”,是也。但上四句见已所以不嫁之由,下二句乃追恨父母夺已之意。
  ○笺“共伯,僖侯之世子”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《史记》“僖”字皆(jie)作(zuo)“釐”,《列女传》曰(yue)“曹大家云釐音(yin)僖”,则(ze)古(gu)今字异而音(yin)同也。

汎役柏舟,在彼中河。兴也。中河,河中。笺云:舟在河中,犹妇人之在夫家,是其常处。
  ○汎,芳剑反。处,昌虑反。髧彼两髦,实维我仪;髧,两髦之貌。髦者,发至眉,子事父母之饰。仪,匹也。笺云:两髦之人,谓共伯也,实是我之匹,故我不嫁也。礼,世子昧爽而朝,亦栉、纚、笄、总、拂髦、冠、緌、缨。
  ○髧,本又作“亻”,徒坎反。髦音毛,《说文》作“髳”,音同。礼:子生三月,翦发为鬌,长大作髦以象之。鬌,音丁果反。昧,莫背反。朝,直遥反。栉,侧乙反。纚,色蟹反,又色绮反。总,子孔反。緌,汝谁反。之死矢靡它。矢,誓。靡,无。之,至也。至已之死,信无它心。
  ○它音他。母也天只!不谅人只!谅,信也。母也天也,尚不信我。天谓父也。
  ○只音纸。亮,本亦作“谅”,力尚反。

[疏]“汎彼”至“人只”。
  ○正义曰:言汎汎然者,彼柏木之舟,在彼中河,是其常处,以兴妇人在夫家,亦是其常处。今我既在夫家矣,又髧然著彼两髦之人共伯,实维是我之匹耦。言其同德齐意矣。其人虽死,我终不嫁,而父母欲夺已志,故与之誓言:己至死,誓无变嫁之心。母也父也,何谓尚不信我也,而欲嫁我哉!
  ○传“髦者”至“之饰”。
  ○正义曰:《既夕礼》云:“既殡,主人脱髦。”注云:“儿生三月,翦发为鬌,男角女羁。否则男左女右。长大犹为之饰存之,谓之髦,所以顺父母幼小之心。至此尸柩不见,丧无饰,可以去之。髦之形象未闻。”《内则》注云:“髦者,用发为之,象幼时鬌。其制未闻。”发至眉亦无文,故郑云“其制未闻”。《内则》云:“子事父母,总拂髦。”是子事父母之饰也。言两者,以象幼时鬌,则知鬌以挟囟,故两髦也。《丧大记》云:“小敛,主人脱髦。”注云:“士既殡而脱髦。此云小敛,盖诸侯礼也。”士之既殡,诸侯之小敛,於死者俱三日也,则脱髦,诸侯小敛而脱之。此共伯之死,时僖侯已葬,去髦久矣,仍云“两髦”者,追本父母在之饰,故笺引“世子昧爽而朝”,明君在时事也。髦者,事父母之饰也。若父母有先死者,於死三日脱之,服阕又著之。若二亲并没,则因去之矣。《玉藻》云“亲没不髦”,是也。
  ○笺“两髦”至“緌缨”。
  ○正义曰:以共伯已死,不忍斥言,故以两髦言之也。世子昧爽平旦而朝君,初亦如是。栉髦乃栉、纚、笄,《内则》注云“纚,所以韬发者也;笄,今之簪”,则著纚乃以簪约之。又著总,又拂髦而著之,故《内则》注云“拂髦,振去尘而著之。既著髦,乃加冠,又著緌、缨,然后朝君也。”《礼》“世子之记曰:‘朝夕至于寝门外。’”朝即昧爽也。又《内则》云:“由命士以上,父子皆异宫,昧爽而朝。”世子亦是命士以上,故知昧爽也。“文王之为世子,鸡初鸣而衣服,至於寝门外”者,郑玄云:“文王之为世子也,非礼之制,故不与常世子同也。”《内则》云“子事父母,鸡初鸣,端韠绅”。注云:“端,玄端,士服也。庶人以深衣。”然则命士以下亦於鸡鸣之时朝者,命士以下当勉力从事,因早起而適父母之所,不主为朝也。异宫者则敬多,故《内则》注云“异宫崇敬”,是也。但文王之为世子加隆焉,故鸡初鸣而至寝门耳。《内则》云:“子事父母,鸡初鸣,咸盥漱、栉、纚、笄、总、拂髦、冠、緌、缨、端、韠、绅、搢笏。”谓命士以上,父子异宫,昧爽而朝,更不言衣服之异,则纚、笄以下同,故云“亦栉、纚、笄、总、拂髦、冠、緌、缨也”。《礼记·文王世子》云:“亲疾,世子亲齐玄冠而养。”盖亦衣玄端矣。不并引端、韠、绅、搢笏者,以证经之两髦,故尽首服而已。《士冠礼》曰:“皮弁笄,爵弁笄。”注云“有笄者屈组为纮,无笄者缨而结其绦”。然则此冠言緌、缨,则无笄矣。上言纚、笄者,为纚而著笄也。《问丧》曰:“亲始死,鸡斯。”注云:“鸡斯,当为笄纚。”是著纚必须笄也。
  ○传“天谓父”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:序(xu)云(yun)“父(fu)母欲夺而嫁之”,故知天(tian)谓(wei)父(fu)也。先(xian)母后(hou)天(tian)者,取其韵句耳(er)。

汎彼柏舟,在彼河侧。髧彼两髦,实维我特;特,匹也。
  ○特如字,《韩诗》作“直”,云“相当值也”。之死矢靡慝。慝,邪也。
  ○慝,他(ta)得反。邪,似嗟(jie)反。母也(ye)天只(zhi)!不谅人(ren)只(zhi)!

《柏舟》二(er)章(zhang),章(zhang)七句。

《墙有茨》,卫人刺其上也。公子顽通乎君母,国人疾之而不可道也。宣公卒,惠公幼,其庶兄顽烝於惠公之母,生子五人:齐子、戴公、文公、宋桓夫人、许穆夫人。
  ○墙,在良反。茨,徐(xu)资反。顽(wan),五鳏反,宣公庶子昭伯名也。烝(zheng),之(zhi)升反。《载驰序》注同。

[疏]“《墙有茨》三章,章六句”至“不可道”。
  ○正义曰:此注刺君,故以宣姜系於君,谓之君母。《鹑之奔奔》则主刺宣姜与顽,亦所以恶公之不防闲,诗人主意异也。
  ○笺“宣公”至“夫人”。
  ○正义曰:《左(zuo)传》闵(min)二年曰:“初,惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)之即位也少,齐人(ren)(ren)使(shi)昭(zhao)伯(bo)烝於宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang),不可,强之。生齐子(zi)、戴公(gong)、文公(gong)、宋(song)桓(huan)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)、许穆(mu)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)。”服虔云:“昭(zhao)伯(bo),卫宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)之长庶(shu)伋之兄。宣(xuan)(xuan)姜(jiang)(jiang),宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren),惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)之母。”是其(qi)事也。

墙有茨,不可埽也。兴也。墙所以防非常。茨,蒺藜也。欲埽去之,反伤墙也。笺云:国君以礼防制一国,今其宫内有淫昏之行者,犹墙之生蒺藜。
  ○蒺音蒺。藜音梨。去,丘吕反,下同。行,下孟反。中冓之言,不可道也。中冓,内冓也。笺云:内冓之言,谓宫中所冓成顽与夫人淫昏之语。
  ○冓(gou),本又作“遘”,古(gu)候反。《韩(han)诗》云:“中(zhong)冓(gou),中(zhong)夜(ye),谓淫僻之言也(ye)。”所可(ke)道也(ye)?言之丑也(ye)。於君丑也(ye)。

[疏]“墙有”至“丑也”。
  ○正义曰:言人以墙防禁一家之非常,今上有蒺藜之草,不可埽而去之,欲埽去之,反伤墙而毁家,以兴国君以礼防制一国之非法,今宫中有淫昏之行,不可灭而除之,欲除而灭之,反违礼而害国。夫人既淫昏矣,宫中所冓成此顽与夫人淫昏之语,其恶不可道。所可道言之,於君丑也。君本何以不防闲其母,至令有此淫昏。
  ○传“中冓,内冓”。笺“内冓”至“之语”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《媒氏(shi)》云:“凡男女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴讼,听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)胜国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)。”注云:“阴讼,争中冓(gou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)以触法者。胜国(guo),亡(wang)国(guo)也(ye)。亡(wang)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she),掩(yan)其上而栈其下,使无(wu)所通,就之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以听阴讼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),明不当宣露。”即引(yin)此(ci)诗以证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是其冓(gou)合淫昏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),其恶不可(ke)道(dao)也(ye)。

墙有茨,不可襄也。襄,除也。中冓之言,不可详也。详,审也。
  ○详(xiang)(xiang)如字(zi),《韩诗(shi)》作“扬”,扬犹(you)道(dao)也。所(suo)可(ke)详(xiang)(xiang)也?言之(zhi)长(zhang)也。长(zhang),恶长(zhang)也。

墙有(you)茨,不可束也(ye)。束而去之。中冓之言,不可读也(ye)。读,抽(chou)也(ye)。笺云:抽(chou)犹出也(ye)。

[疏]传“读,抽”。笺“抽犹出”。
  ○正义曰:上云“不可详”,则(ze)此为(wei)读(du)诵,於义亦通。必以(yi)(yi)为(wei)抽者,以(yi)(yi)读(du)诵非宣露(lu)之义。传训为(wei)“抽”,笺申“抽”为(wei)“出”也(ye)。

所可读也?言(yan)之辱(ru)也。辱(ru),辱(ru)君(jun)也。

《墙有茨(ci)》三(san)章,章六句(ju)。

《君子偕老》,刺卫夫人也。夫人淫乱,失事君子之道,故陈人君之德,服饰之盛,宜与君子偕老也。夫人,宣公夫人,惠公之母也。人君,小君也。或者“小”字误作“人”耳。
  ○偕音皆。

[疏]“《君子偕老》三章,首章七句,二章九句,卒章八句”至“偕老”。
  ○正义曰:作《君子偕老》诗者,刺卫夫人也。以夫人淫乱,失事君子之道也。毛以为,由夫人失事君子之道,故陈别有小君,内有贞顺之德,外有服饰之盛,德称其服,宜与君子偕老者,刺今夫人有淫佚之行,不能与君子偕老。偕老者,谓能守义贞絜以事君子,君子虽死,志行不变,与君子俱至於老也。经陈行步之容,发肤之貌,言德美盛饰之事,能与君子偕老者乃然。故发首言“君子偕老”,以为一篇之总目。序则反之,见内有其德,外称其服,然后能与君子偕老。各自为势,所以倒也。郑以为,由夫人失事君子之道,故陈此夫人既有举动之德,服饰之盛,宜应与君子俱至於老。反为淫佚之行,而不能与君子偕老,故刺之。此人君之德,谓宣姜服饰之盛,行止有仪,不谓内有其德也。
  ○笺“夫人”至“误作人”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:以上篇公子顽通(tong)乎君(jun)母,母是宣姜,故知此亦为(wei)宣公夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),惠公之(zhi)(zhi)母也(ye)。以言刺夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),故知人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)为(wei)小君(jun)。以夫(fu)(fu)妻一体(ti),妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)从(cong)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)爵,故同(tong)名曰人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)。《硕人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》传曰“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)以朱缠(chan)镳(biao)”亦谓夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虽理得称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun),而经、传无谓夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)者,故笺疑之(zhi)(zhi)云:“或(huo)者‘小’字误作(zuo)‘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’耳。”俗(su)本亦有(you)无此一句者,定本有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。

君子偕老,副笄六珈。能与君子俱老,乃宜居尊位,服盛服也。副者,后夫人之首饰,编发为之。笄,衡笄也。珈笄,饰之最盛者,所以别尊卑。笺云:珈之言加也,副既笄而加饰,如今步摇上饰。古之制所有,未闻。
  ○副,芳富反。珈音加。编,蒲典反,或必仙反。别,彼列反。摇,馀昭反。委委佗佗,如山如河,委委者,行可委曲踪迹也。佗佗者,德平易也。山无不容,河无不润。
  ○委,於危反,注同。佗,待何反,注同。《韩诗》云:“德之美貌。”行,下孟反,旧如字。委曲如字。易,以豉反。象服是宜。象服,尊者所以为饰。笺云:象服者,谓揄翟、阙翟也。人君之象服,则舜所云“予欲观古人之象,日月星辰”之属。
  ○揄音遥,字又作“褕”。狄,本亦作“翟”。王后第二服曰褕狄。观,古乱反,又音官。子之不淑,云如之何!有子若是,何谓不善乎?笺云:子乃服饰如是,而为不善之行,於礼当如之何!深疾之。
  ○行(xing),下孟反,又下同。

[疏]“君子”至“之何”。
  ○毛以为,言夫人能与君子俱至於老者,首服副饰而著衡笄,以六珈玉为之饰,既服此服,其行委委然,行可委曲,佗佗然,其德平易,如山之无不容,如河之无不润。德能如是,以象骨饰服而著之,是为得宜。此子之德,与服相称以此。可谓不善,云如之何乎?言其宜善也。今之夫人何以不善而为淫乱,不能与君子偕老乎?。
  ○郑以为,言此夫人宜与君子偕老,何者?今夫人既有首服副笄而著六珈,又能委委佗佗,如山如河,象服褕翟、阙翟得其宜。服饰如是,宜为善以配君子。今子之反为不善之行,欲云如之何乎?深疾之。
  ○传“能与”至“尊卑”。
  ○正义曰:副者,祭服之首饰。《追师》“掌王后之首服,为副、编、次”,注云“副之言覆,所以覆首为之饰,其遗象若今之步摇矣,服之以从王祭祀。编,编列发为之,其遗象若今假紒矣,服之以告桑也。次,次第发长短。所谓髲髢,服之以见王”,是也。言编若今假紒者,编列他发为之,假作紒形,加於首上。次者,亦鬄他发与己发相合为紒,故云“所谓髲鬄”。是编、次所以异也。以此笄连副,则为副之饰,是衡笄也,故《追师》又云“追衡笄。”注云“王后之衡笄,皆以玉为之,唯祭服有衡笄垂于副之两傍当耳,其下以紞悬瑱”,是也。编、次则无衡笄。言珈者,以玉珈於笄为饰,后夫人首服之尢尊,故云“珈笄,饰之最盛者”。此副及衡笄与珈饰,唯后夫人有之,卿大夫以下则无,故云“所以别尊卑”也。
  ○笺“珈之”至“未闻”。
  ○正义曰:以珈字从玉,则珈为笄饰。谓之珈者,珈之言加,由副既笄,而加此饰,故谓之珈,如汉之步摇之上饰也。步摇,副之遗象,故可以相类也。古今之制不必尽同,故言“古之制所有,未闻”。以言“六珈”,必饰之有六,但所施不可知。据此言“六珈”,则侯伯夫人为六,王后则多少无文也。
  ○传“委委”至“不润”。
  ○正义曰:传以陈人君之德而駮宣姜,则以为内有德也。《释训》云:“委委佗佗,美也。”李巡曰:“宽容之美也。”孙炎曰:“委委,行之美。佗佗,长之美。”郭璞曰:“皆隹丽美艳之貌。”传意陈善以駮宣姜,则以为内实有德,其言行可委曲,德平易。李巡与孙炎略同,则委委、佗佗皆行步之美,以内有其德,外形於貌,故传互言之。委委者,行可委曲。佗佗者,德平易也。由德平易,故行可委曲。德平易,即“如山如河”是也。郑以论宣姜之身,则或与孙、郭同,为宣姜自隹丽美艳,行步有仪,长大而美,其举动之貌,如山如河耳,无取於容润也。
  ○传“象服”至“为饰”。
  ○正义曰:以下传云“褕翟,羽饰衣”,则象非画羽也。言服则非揥,明以象骨饰服,唯尊者为然,故云“尊者所以为饰”,象骨饰服,经、传无文,但推此传,其理当然。
  ○笺“象服”至“之属”。
  ○正义曰:笺以经言“象服”,则非首服也。以象骨饰服,则《书传》之所未闻。下云“其之翟也”,明此为褕翟、阙翟也。翟而言象者,象鸟羽而画之,故谓之象。以人君之服画日月星辰谓之象,故知画翟羽亦为象也,故引古人之象以证之。《皋陶谟》云“帝曰:‘予欲观古人之象,日、月、星辰、山、龙、华虫,作会;宗彝、藻、火、粉米、黼、黻,絺绣’”是也。自日月至黼黻皆为象,独言日、月、星辰者,取证象服而已,故略之也。
  ○传“有子”至“不善”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:传意举善以刺恶,故反其(qi)言(yan)(yan)以激之。“可谓不善”,言(yan)(yan)其(qi)善也。

玼兮玼兮,其之翟也。玼,鲜盛貌。褕翟、阙翟,羽饰衣也。笺云:侯伯夫人之服,自褕翟而下,如王后焉。
  ○玼音此,又且礼反。《说文》云:“新色鲜也。”《字林》云:“鲜也。”音同。《玉篇》且礼反,云:“鲜明貌”。沈云:“毛及吕忱并作玼解。王肃云:‘颜色衣服鲜明貌。’本或作‘瑳’,此是后文‘瑳兮’,王肃注‘好美衣服絜白之貌’。若与此同,不容重出。”今检王肃本,后不释,不如沈所言也。然旧本皆前作“玼”,后作“瑳”字。鲜音仙。鬒发如云,不屑髢也。鬒,黑发也。如云,言美长也。屑,絜也。笺云:髢,髲也。不絜者不用髲为善。
  ○鬒,真忍反。《说文》云:“发稠也。”服虔注《左传》云:“发美为鬒。”屑,苏节反。髢,徒帝反。髲,皮寄反。玉之瑱也,象之揥也。瑱,塞耳也。揥,所以摘发也。
  ○瑱,吐殿反,充耳也。揥,敕帝反,摘也。摘,他狄反,本亦作“扌啻”,音同。本又作“擿”,又作“谪”,并非。谪音丁革反,擿音直戟反。扬且之皙也。扬,眉上广。皙,白皙。
  ○且,七也反,徐子馀反,下同。皙,星历反。胡然而天也?胡然而帝也?尊之如天,审谛如帝。笺云:胡,何也。帝,五帝也。何由然女见尊敬如天帝乎?非由衣服之盛,颜色之庄与?反为淫昏之行。
  ○谛音(yin)帝。庄,如字,本又作(zuo)“壮”,侧(ce)亮反。与音(yin)馀。

[疏]“玼兮”至“如帝”。
  ○毛以为,夫人能与君子偕老者,故宜服此。玼兮玼兮,其鲜盛之翟衣也。又其鬒发如云,言其美长,不用髲而自絜美也。又以玉为之瑱也,又以象骨为之揥也,又其眉上扬广,且其面之色又白皙。既服饰如此,其德又称之,其见尊敬如天帝。何由然见尊敬如天乎?由其瑱实如天;何由然见尊敬如帝乎?由其审谛如帝,故能与君子偕老。今夫人何故淫乱而不瑱实、不审谛,使不可尊敬乎?
  ○郑以指据宣姜今为淫乱,故责之,言夫人何由见尊敬如天乎?何由见尊敬如帝乎?非由衣服之盛、颜色之庄与?既由衣服、颜色以见尊敬,何故反为淫昏之行乎?
  ○传“褕翟”至“饰衣”。
  ○正义曰:传以翟,雉名也,今衣名曰翟,故谓以羽饰衣,犹右手秉翟,即执真翟羽。郑注《周礼》三翟,皆刻缯为翟雉之形,而彩画之以为饰,不用真羽。孙毓云:“自古衣饰山、龙、华虫、藻、火、粉米,及《周礼》六服,无言以羽饰衣者。羽施於旌旂盖则可,施於衣裳则否。盖附人身,动则卷舒,非可以羽饰故也。郑义为长。”
  ○传“鬒黑”至“美长”。
  ○正义曰:昭二十八年《左传》云:“有仍氏生女,鬒黑而甚美,光可以鉴,名曰玄妻。”服虔云:“发美为鬒。《诗》云‘鬒发如云’,其言美长而黑。以发美,故名玄妻。”是鬒为黑发也。
  ○笺“髢髲”至“为善”。
  ○正义曰:髢一名髲,故云“髢,髲”也。《说文》云:“髲,益发也。”言己发少,聚他人发益之。哀十七年《左传》曰,卫庄公“见己氏之妻发美,使髡之,以为吕姜髢”,是也。不絜髢者,言妇人发美,不用他发为髲而自絜美,故云“不用髲为善。”
  ○传“瑱,塞”至“摘发”。
  ○正义曰:《既夕》记云“瑱塞耳”,充耳是也。或曰“充耳”,《淇奥》云“充耳琇莹”,是也。以象骨搔首,因以为饰,名之揥,故云“所以摘发”,《葛屦》云“佩其象揥”,是也。
  ○传“尊之”至“如帝”。
  ○正义曰:传互言之。言尊之如天,明德如天也。言审谛如帝,则亦尊之如帝。故经再云“胡然”也。《运斗枢》云:“帝之言谛。”夫人审谛似帝德,故云“如帝”,则“如天”亦然。《元命包》云:“天之言瑱。”则此盖亦为填,取其瑱实也。毛不明说天、帝同别,不可知也,二者皆取名以见德也。此章论祭服,言其德当神明,故尊之以比天帝。卒章论事君子、见宾客之服,故以美女言之,是以《内司服》注引“《诗·国风》曰‘玼兮玼兮,其之翟也’,下云‘胡然而天也,胡然而帝也’,言其德当神明。又曰‘瑳兮瑳兮,其之展也’,下云‘展如之人兮,邦之媛也’,言其行配君子。二者之义与礼合矣”。郑虽非举善驳恶,其以类根配,与传同也。
  ○笺“帝五帝”至“之行”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):天、帝(di)(di)(di)名虽别(bie)而(er)一(yi)体也(ye),以此别(bie),设其(qi)文为(wei)有帝(di)(di)(di)王之(zhi)(zhi)嫌,故(gu)云(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di),五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)”,谓五(wu)精之(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。《春秋·文耀勾》曰(yue)“仓(cang)帝(di)(di)(di),其(qi)名灵威仰;赤帝(di)(di)(di),其(qi)名赤熛怒;黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di),其(qi)名含枢(shu)纽;白(bai)帝(di)(di)(di),其(qi)名白(bai)招拒;黑帝(di)(di)(di),其(qi)名汁光纪”,是也(ye)。此责夫人之(zhi)(zhi)辞,故(gu)言何由然而(er)见尊(zun)敬如(ru)天帝(di)(di)(di)乎(hu)?非由衣服之(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)、颜色之(zhi)(zhi)庄与?是覆上(shang)以责之(zhi)(zhi)。此云(yun)“反(fan)为(wei)淫(yin)昏(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)行”,卒章笺云(yun)“淫(yin)昏(hun)乱国”者,以下经(jing)云(yun)“邦之(zhi)(zhi)媛也(ye)”,因有“邦”文,故(gu)言“乱国”。

瑳兮瑳兮,其之展也。蒙彼绉絺,是绁袢也。礼有展衣者,以丹縠为衣。蒙,覆也。絺之靡者为绉,是当暑袢延之服也。笺云:后妃六服之次展衣,宜白。绉絺,絺之蹙蹙者。展衣,夏则里衣绉絺。此以礼见於君及宾客之盛服也。展衣字误,《礼记》作“襢衣”。
  ○瑳,七我反,《说文》云:“玉色鲜白。”展,涉战反,注“展衣”皆同;沈张辇反。绉,侧救反,靡也。絺,敕之反。绁,息列反。袢,符袁反。縠,户木反。延,以战反,又如字。蹙,子六反。衣,於既反,著也,下“里衣”同。里如字,旧音吏。见,贤遍反。“於君子”,一本无“子”字。襢,陟战反。子之清扬,扬且之颜也。清,视清明也。扬,广扬而颜角丰满。展如之人兮,邦之媛也?展,诚也。美女为媛。笺云:媛者,邦人所依倚以为媛助也。疾宣姜有此盛服而以淫昏乱国,故云然。
  ○媛,于(yu)眷反(fan),《韩(han)诗》作(zuo)“援(yuan)”。援(yuan),取也。倚,於绮反(fan)。

[疏]“瑳兮”至“媛也”。
  ○毛以为,言夫人能与君子偕老者,故服此“瑳兮瑳兮”其鲜盛之展衣,以覆彼绉絺之上。绉絺是当暑绁去袢延烝热之服也。子之夫人非直服饰之盛,又目视清明,而眉上平广,且颜角丰满,而德以称之。诚如是德服相称之人,宜配君子,故为一国之美女兮。今夫人何为淫乱,失事君子之道,而不为美女之行乎?
  ○郑以言宣姜服饰容貌如是,故一邦之人依倚以为媛助,何故反为淫昏之行而乱国乎?
  ○传“礼有”至“之服”。
  ○正义曰:言衣服之内有名展衣者,其衣以丹縠为之。以文与“绉絺”相连,嫌以絺为之,故辨其所用也。絺者,以葛为之,精曰絺,粗曰绤。其精尢细靡者,绉也。言细而缕绉,故笺申之云:“绉絺,絺之蹙蹙者。”言“是当暑袢延之服”者,谓绉絺是詍袢之服,展衣则非是也。绁袢者,去热之名,故言袢延之服。袢延是热之气也。此传言展用丹縠,馀五服,传无其说。丹縠亦不知所出,而孙毓推之,以为袆衣赤,褕翟青,阙翟黑,鞠衣黄,展衣赤,褖衣黑。鞠名与麹同,虽毛亦当色黄。褖衣与男子之褖衣名同,则亦宜黑。然则六服逆依方色,义或如毓所言。以妇人尚华饰,赤为色之著,因而右行以为次,故袆衣赤,褕翟青,阙翟黑。次鞠衣,鞠衣宜白,以为疑於凶服,故越取黄。而展衣同赤。因西方阙其色,故褖衣越青而同黑也。二章传曰“褕翟、阙翟,羽饰衣”则袆衣亦羽饰衣。袆衣以翚鸟羽,褕翟以摇鸟羽,阙翟次褕翟,则亦用摇羽矣,但饰之有阙少耳。
  ○笺“后妃”至“襢衣”。
  ○正义曰:笺不同传,故云“后妃六服之次展衣,宜白”。言宜者,无明文。《周礼》之注,差之以为然也。《内司服》“掌王后之六服,袆衣、褕翟、阙翟、鞠衣、展衣、褖衣”,郑司农云:“展衣白,鞠衣黄,褖衣黑。”玄谓“鞠衣黄,桑服也,色如麹尘,象桑叶始生。《月令》三月荐鞠衣于先帝,告桑事也。绿衣者,实褖衣也。男子之褖衣黑,则是亦黑也。六服备於此矣”。以下推次其色,则阙翟赤,褕翟青,袆衣玄。是郑以天地四方之色差次六服之文。以《士冠礼》爵弁服、皮弁服之下有玄端,无褖衣,《士丧礼》爵弁服、皮弁服之下有褖衣,无玄端,则褖衣当玄端,玄端当黑,则褖亦黑矣。以男子之褖衣黑,知妇人之褖衣亦黑。褖衣上有展衣,郑司农云“展衣白”。上又有鞠衣,以色如麹尘,故取名焉,是鞠衣黄也。三服之色以见矣,是从下依行运,逆而为次。唯三翟之色不明,故云“以下推次其色,阙翟亦,褕翟青,袆衣玄”也。又解展衣之里,不恒以絺,而云“蒙彼绉絺”者,衣展衣者,夏则里之以绉絺,作者因举时事而言之,故云“是绁袢也”。定本云“展衣,夏则里衣绉絺”,俗本多云“冬衣展衣”,盖误也。又解展衣所用,云“此以礼见於君及宾客之盛服”。《玉藻》云“一命襢衣”,《丧大记》曰“世妇以襢衣”,是《礼记》作“襢衣”也。定本云《礼记》作“襢”,无衣字。《司服》注以展为声误,从襢为正。以衣服之字宜从衣故也。
  ○传“清视”至“广扬”。
  ○正义曰:以目视清明,因名为清,故此云“清,视清明也”。扬者,眉上之美名,因名眉目曰扬。故《猗嗟》云“美目扬兮”,传曰“好目扬眉”是也。既名眉为扬,目为清,因谓眉之上眉之下皆曰扬,目之上目之下皆曰清。故上传曰“扬,眉上广”,此及《猗嗟》传云“扬,广扬。”是眉上为扬。《野有蔓草》传曰:“清扬,眉目之间。”是眉之下为扬,目之上为清。《猗嗟》传又曰:“目下为清。”是目之下亦为清也。《释训》云:“猗嗟名兮,目上为名。”郭云:“眉眼之间。”是目上又为之名也。“猗嗟名兮”既为目上,故知“美目清兮”,清为目下。
  ○传“美女为媛”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《释训(xun)》文。孙炎曰(yue):“君(jun)子之援(yuan)助(zhu)。然则由有(you)美可以(yi)援(yuan)助(zhu)君(jun)子,故云(yun)美女(nv)为(wei)(wei)媛。”笺以(yi)为(wei)(wei),责非夫人(ren)之辞,当取援(yuan)助(zhu)为(wei)(wei)义,故云(yun)“邦(bang)人(ren)所(suo)依倚以(yi)为(wei)(wei)援(yuan)助(zhu)”,因颜(yan)色依为(wei)(wei)美女(nv),故知邦(bang)人(ren)依之为(wei)(wei)援(yuan)助(zhu)。是举(ju)其外(wai),责其为(wei)(wei)内之不(bu)称,故说各殊也。

《君子偕老》三章(zhang),一(yi)(yi)章(zhang)七句,一(yi)(yi)章(zhang)九句,一(yi)(yi)章(zhang)八(ba)句。

《桑中》,刺奔也。卫之公室淫乱,男女相奔,至于世族在位,相窃妻妾,期於幽远,政散民流而不可止。卫之公室淫乱,谓宣惠之世,男女相奔,不待媒氏以礼会之也。世族在位,取姜氏、弋氏、庸氏者也。窃,盗也。幽远,谓桑中之野。
  ○窃,千节反(fan)。弋,羊识反(fan)。

[疏]“《桑中》三章,章七句”至“不可止”。
  ○正义曰:作《桑中》诗者,刺男女淫怨而相奔也。由卫之公室淫乱之所化,是故又使国中男女相奔,不待礼会而行之,虽至於世族在位为官者,相窃其妻妾,而期於幽远之处,而与之行淫。时既如此,即政教荒散,世俗流移,淫乱成风而不可止,故刺之也。定本云“而不可止”,“止”下有“然”字。此男女相奔,谓民庶男女;世族在位者,谓今卿大夫世其官族而在职位者。相窃妻妾,谓私窃而与之淫,故云“期於幽远”,非为夫妇也。此经三章,上二句恶卫之淫乱之主,下五句言相窃妻妾,“期我於桑中”,是“期於幽远”。此叙其淫乱之由,经陈其淫乱之辞。言公室淫乱,国中男女相奔者,见卫之淫风,公室所化,故经先言卫都淫乱,国中男女相奔,及世族相窃妻妾,俱是相奔之事,故序总云“刺奔”。经陈世族相奔,明民庶相奔明矣。经言孟姜之等为世族之妻,而兼言妾者,以妻尚窃之,况於妾乎?故连言以协句耳。谓之窃者,蔽其夫而私相奸,若窃盗人物,不使其主知之然。既上下淫乱,有同亡国,故序云“政散民流而不可止”,是以《乐记》曰“桑间濮上之音,亡国之音也。其政散,其民流,诬上行私而不可止”,是也。
  ○笺“卫之”至“之野”。
  ○正义曰(yue):此(ci)(ci)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)之时,兼云宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe),以其(qi)言由(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)惑淫(yin)乱(luan),至(zhi)於政散民流,则由(you)化者(zhe)远(yuan)矣(yi)。此(ci)(ci)直言公(gong)(gong)(gong)室(shi)淫(yin)乱(luan),不指(zhi)其(qi)人(ren),而宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)淫(yin)乱(luan),故并(bing)言之也。序(xu)言“相窃妻(qi)妾”,经陈相思之辞(ci),则孟姜之辈与世(shi)族为妻(qi)也,故知世(shi)族在(zai)位(wei),取姜氏(shi)(shi)、弋氏(shi)(shi)、庸氏(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。

爰采唐矣?沬之乡矣。爰,於也。唐蒙,菜名。沬,卫邑。笺云:於何采唐,必沬之乡,犹言欲为淫乱者,必之卫之都。恶卫为淫乱之主。
  ○沬音妹。恶,乌路反。云谁之思?美孟姜矣。姜,姓也。言世族在位有是恶行。笺云:淫乱之人谁思乎?乃思美孟姜。孟姜,列国之长女,而思与淫乱。疾世族在位,有是恶行也。
  ○行,下孟反,笺同。“列国之女”,一本作“列国之长女”。长音丁丈反。期我乎桑中,要我乎上宫,送我乎淇之上矣。桑中、上宫,所期之地。淇,水名也。笺云:此思孟姜之爱厚已也,与我期於桑中,而要见我於上宫,其送我则於淇水之上。
  ○要,於遥反,注下同。淇音其,卫水也。

[疏]“爰采”至“上矣”。
  ○正义曰:人欲采唐者,於何采唐菜乎?必之沬之乡矣。以兴人欲淫乱者,於何处淫乱乎?必之卫之都。言沬乡,唐所生;卫都,淫所主故也。又言卫之淫乱甚矣,故虽世族在位之人,相窃妻妾,与之期於幽远而行淫,乃云我谁思乎?乃思美好之孟姜,与之为淫乱。所以思孟姜者,以孟姜爱厚於我,与我期往於桑中之野,要见我於上宫之地,又送我於淇水之上。爱厚於我如此,故思之也。世族在位,犹尚如此,致使淫风大行,民流政散,故陈其㖞以刺之。
  ○传“唐蒙,菜名”。
  ○正义曰:《释草》云“唐蒙,女萝。女萝,菟丝。”舍人曰:“唐蒙名女萝,女萝又名菟丝。”孙炎曰:“别三名。”郭璞曰:“别四名。”则唐与蒙或并或别,故三、四异也。以经直言唐,而传言“唐蒙”也。《頍弁》传曰:“女萝,菟丝,松萝也。”则又名松萝矣。《释草》又云:“蒙,王女。”孙炎曰:“蒙,唐也。”一名菟丝,一名王女,则通松萝、王女为六名。
  ○传“沬,卫邑”。
  ○正义曰:《酒诰》注云:“沬邦,纣之都所处也。”於《诗》国属鄘,故其风有“沬之乡”,则“沬之北”、“沬之东”,朝歌也。然则沬为纣都,故言“沬邦”。后三分殷畿,则纣都属鄘。《谱》云“自纣城而南”,据其大率,故犹云“之北”、“之东”,明纣城北与东犹有属鄘者。今鄘并於卫,故言卫邑。纣都朝歌,明朝歌即沬也。
  ○笺“於何”至“之主”。
  ○正义曰:《殷武》传曰:“乡,所也。”则此沬之乡以,为沬之所矣。沬,邑名,则采唐不於邑中,但总言於其所耳,不斥其方。下云“之北”、“之东”,则指其所在采之处矣。言卫之都,谓国所在也。时卫之淫风流行,遍於境内。独言都者,淫风所行,相习成俗,公室所在,都尢甚焉,故举都为主。国外承化,淫亦可知。言淫乱主者,犹《左传》云“武王数纣之罪,以告诸侯曰:‘纣为天下逋逃主。’”然言淫在其都而君不禁,似若为之主然,故言“恶卫为淫乱之主”。
  ○笺“淫乱”至“恶行”。
  ○正义曰:知“孟姜,列国之长女”者,以卫朝贵族无姓姜者,故为列国。列国姜姓,齐、许、申、吕之属。不斥其国,未知谁国之女也。臣无境外之交,得取列国女者,春秋之世,因聘逆妻,故得取焉。言孟,故知长女。下孟囗囗孟弋、孟庸,以孟类之,盖亦列国之长女,但当时列国姓庸、弋者,无文以言之。
  ○传“桑中”至“之地”。
  ○正义曰:经(jing)“桑(sang)中(zhong)”言“期”,“上宫”言“要(yao)”,传并言“所期”者,见设(she)期而相(xiang)要(yao),一也。

爰采(cai)麦矣(yi)?沬之北矣(yi)。云谁之思?美(mei)孟弋(yi)矣(yi)。弋(yi),姓也(ye)。期我(wo)乎(hu)桑中,要我(wo)乎(hu)上宫,送我(wo)乎(hu)淇之上矣(yi)。

爰采葑矣?沬之东矣。笺云:葑,蔓菁。
  ○葑,孚容反。菁音精,又子(zi)形反。云(yun)谁(shei)之思(si)?美孟庸矣(yi)。庸,姓也。期我(wo)乎(hu)(hu)桑中,要我(wo)乎(hu)(hu)上宫,送我(wo)乎(hu)(hu)淇(qi)之上矣(yi)。

《桑中》三章,章七句。

《鹑之奔奔》,刺卫宣姜也。卫人以为,宣姜,鹑鹊之不若也。刺宣姜者,刺其与公子顽为淫乱行,不如禽鸟。
  ○鹑音纯,鹑鸟(niao)。,乌南反。行,下(xia)(xia)孟反,下(xia)(xia)皆同。

[疏]“《鹑之奔奔》二章,章四句”至“不若”。
  ○正义曰:二章皆上二句刺(ci)宣(xuan)姜(jiang),下二句责公(gong)不(bu)(bu)防闲(xian)也。顽(wan)与(yu)宣(xuan)姜(jiang)共为(wei)此恶,而独为(wei)刺(ci)宣(xuan)姜(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe),以宣(xuan)姜(jiang)卫(wei)之小君,当母仪一(yi)国,而与(yu)子淫,尤为(wei)不(bu)(bu)可,故(gu)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)意有所主,非谓顽(wan)不(bu)(bu)当刺(ci)也。今(jin)“人之无良(liang),我以为(wei)兄(xiong)”,亦(yi)是恶顽(wan)之乱。

鹑之奔奔,鹊之彊彊。鹑则奔奔,鹊则彊彊然。笺云:奔奔、彊彊,言其居有常匹,飞则相随之貌。刺宣姜与顽非匹偶。
  ○彊音姜(jiang)。《韩诗(shi)》云:“奔奔、彊彊,乘(cheng)匹之(zhi)貌。”人之(zhi)无(wu)良(liang),我以(yi)为兄(xiong)(xiong)。良(liang),善也(ye)。兄(xiong)(xiong),谓(wei)君之(zhi)兄(xiong)(xiong)。笺云:人之(zhi)行无(wu)一善者(zhe),我君反(fan)以(yi)为兄(xiong)(xiong)。君谓(wei)惠公。

[疏]“鹑之”至“为兄”。
  ○正义曰:言鹑,则鹑自相随奔奔然,鹊,则鹊自相随彊彊然,各有常匹,不乱其类。今宣姜为母,顽则为子,而与之淫乱,失其常匹,曾鹑鹊之不如矣。又恶顽,言人行无一善者,我君反以为兄,而不禁之也。恶顽而责惠公之辞。
  ○笺“奔奔”至“匹耦”。
  ○正义曰:序云(yun)“鹑鹊(que)之(zhi)不若”,则(ze)(ze)以奔(ben)奔(ben)、彊彊为(wei)(wei)相匹(pi)之(zhi)善(shan),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)居(ju)有常(chang)匹(pi)。定(ding)本(ben)、《集注》皆云(yun)“居(ju)有常(chang)匹(pi)”,则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)“俱”者误(wu)也(ye)。《表记》引此证君(jun)命逆则(ze)(ze)臣有逆命,故(gu)注云(yun):“彊彊、奔(ben)奔(ben),争斗恶(e)貌也(ye)。”

鹊(que)之彊彊,鹑(chun)之奔(ben)奔(ben)。人(ren)之无良,我以为君(jun)(jun)(jun)。君(jun)(jun)(jun),国小(xiao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。笺云:小(xiao)君(jun)(jun)(jun),谓宣姜(jiang)。

[疏]传“君,国小君”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:夫人对君称小(xiao)君。以夫妻一(yi)体(ti)言之,亦(yi)得(de)曰君。襄九年《左传》筮穆姜曰君,其出乎是(shi)也。

《鹑(chun)之(zhi)奔(ben)奔(ben)》二章,章四(si)句。

《定之方中》,美卫文公也。卫为狄所灭,东徙渡河,野处漕邑。齐桓公攘戎狄而封之。文公徙居楚丘,始建城市而营宫室,得其时制,百姓说之,国家殷富焉。《春秋》闵公二年冬,“狄人入卫”。卫懿公及狄人战于荧泽而败。宋桓公迎卫之遗民渡河,立戴公以庐於漕。戴公立一年而卒。鲁僖公二年,齐桓公城楚丘而封卫,於是文公立而建国焉。
  ○定,丁佞反,下(xia)同。定,星名,《尔雅》云:“营室谓之定。”孙炎云:“定,正(zheng)也(ye)。”“卫(wei)为(wei)狄(di)所(suo)灭”,一本作(zuo)(zuo)“狄(di)人”,本或作(zuo)(zuo)“卫(wei)懿公为(wei)狄(di)所(suo)灭”,非也(ye)。漕(cao)音曹。攘,如羊反。说音悦。荧,迥丁反。庐(lu),力(li)居反。

[疏]“《定之方中》三章,章七句”至“富焉”。
  ○正义曰:作《定之方中》诗者,美卫文公也。卫国为狄人所灭,君为狄人所杀,城为狄人所入。其有遗馀之民,东徙渡河,暴露野次,处於漕邑。齐桓公攘去戎狄而更封之,立文公焉。文公乃徙居楚丘之邑,始建城,使民得安处。始建市,使民得交易。而营造宫室,既得其时节,又得其制度,百姓喜而悦之。民既富饶,官亦充足,致使国家殷实而富盛焉,故百姓所以美之。言封者,卫国巳灭,非谓其有若新造之然,故云封也。言徙居楚丘,即二章升墟、望楚、卜吉、终臧,是也。而营宫室者,而首章“作于楚宫”,“作于楚室”,是营宫室也。建成市,经无其事,因徙居而始筑城立市,故连言之。毛则“定之方中”,“揆之以日”,皆为得其制。既得其制,则得时可知。郑则“定之方中”得其时,“揆之以日”为得其制,既营室得其时,树木为豫备,雨止而命驾,辞说于桑田,故“百姓说之”。“匪直也人,秉心塞渊”,是悦之辞也。国家殷富,则“騋牝三千”是也。序先言徙居楚丘者,先言所徙之处,乃於其处而营宫室,为事之次。而经主美宫室得其时制,乃追本将徙观望之事,故与序倒也。国家殷富,在文公末年,故《左传》曰:“元年,革车三十乘;季年,乃三百乘。”明其“騋牝三千”亦末年之事也。此诗盖末年始作,或卒后为之。
  ○笺“《春秋》”至“国焉”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)(ci)序总说(shuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“灭(mie)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”,不(bu)(bu)必斥懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。《载(zai)驰(chi)》见(jian)(jian)(jian)懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)(li),夫人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)唁,戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人所灭(mie)。实(shi)灭(mie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)《木瓜(gua)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)有(you)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),败(bai)、灭(mie)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但此(ci)(ci)见(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灭(mie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)复兴,《载(zai)驰(chi)》见(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)灭(mie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)唁兄,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灭(mie)。《木瓜(gua)》见(jian)(jian)(jian)国(guo)(guo)败(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)败(bai)。是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)势(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。闵(min)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人侵(qin)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)好鹤,鹤有(you)乘轩(xuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。将战(zhan),国(guo)(guo)人受甲(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆曰(yue)(yue):‘使鹤!鹤实(shi)有(you)禄位。余(yu)焉(yan)能战(zhan)?’公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)石祈子(zi)玦,与(yu)(yu)甯庄子(zi)矢,使守(shou),曰(yue)(yue):‘以(yi)此(ci)(ci)赞国(guo)(guo),择利(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’与(yu)(yu)夫人绣(xiu)衣(yi),曰(yue)(yue):‘听(ting)於(wu)二(er)(er)子(zi)。’渠孔御(yu)戎,子(zi)伯为(wei)(wei)(wei)右,黄夷前驱(qu),孔婴齐(qi)殿。及狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人战(zhan)于(yu)荥(ying)泽(ze),卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)师败(bai)绩,遂(sui)灭(mie)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。”是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“灭(mie)”,经书(shu)“入”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),贾逵云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)夷狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得志於(wu)中国(guo)(guo)。”杜(du)(du)预(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)死(si)国(guo)(guo)散,经不(bu)(bu)书(shu)灭(mie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)能赴(fu),卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)臣皆尽(jin),无(wu)复文(wen)(wen)(wen)告,齐(qi)桓(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)告诸(zhu)侯(hou),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)巳(si)去,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存,故(gu)(gu)但以(yi)‘入’为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。”是(shi)(shi)《春秋》书(shu)“入”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》则据实(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以(yi)时(shi)君(jun)死(si)民(min)(min)散,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“灭(mie)”耳(er)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)东徙(xi)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),则战(zhan)在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《禹贡》豫州(zhou),“荥(ying)波既(ji)猪”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“沇水(shui)(shui)溢出河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)泽(ze),今塞为(wei)(wei)(wei)平地(di)(di),荥(ying)阳民(min)(min)犹谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)荥(ying)泽(ze),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)县东。《春秋》鲁闵(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)及狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人战(zhan)于(yu)荥(ying)泽(ze),此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如《禹贡》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注,则当在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)。时(shi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北,狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)来(lai)伐而(er)(er)(er)(er)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)败(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北明矣,故(gu)(gu)杜(du)(du)预(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)荥(ying)泽(ze)当在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北”。但沇水(shui)(shui)发源河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北,入于(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),乃溢为(wei)(wei)(wei)荥(ying),则沇水(shui)(shui)所溢,被河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)北,故(gu)(gu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)北亦有(you)荥(ying)泽(ze),但在(zai)(zai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)多耳(er)。故(gu)(gu)指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)猪水(shui)(shui)大处(chu),则在(zai)(zai)豫州(zhou)。此(ci)(ci)战(zhan)於(wu)荥(ying),则在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)北畔,相连犹一(yi)物,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》又曰(yue)(yue):“及败(bai),宋(song)(song)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)逆(ni)诸(zhu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),霄济(ji)。卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗民(min)(min)男女(nv)七(qi)百(bai)有(you)三(san)十人,益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)共、滕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五千人。立(li)(li)(li)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)庐(lu)(lu)於(wu)漕(cao)。”是(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)桓(huan)(huan)迎卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗民(min)(min)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),立(li)(li)(li)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)庐(lu)(lu)於(wu)漕(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。杜(du)(du)预(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庐(lu)(lu),舍(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)都亡灭(mie),且舍(she)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)渡(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)处(chu)漕(cao),戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)唯言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)《世(shi)家》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),复立(li)(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弟文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。二(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。”案经僖(xi)二(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)毁卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”,则戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)即(ji)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。然则狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)十二(er)(er)月入卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月,戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。又文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)闵(min)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)说(shuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衣(yi)“大布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)、大帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)”,服虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”,杜(du)(du)预(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬立(li)(li)(li)”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)(li)未逾年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)(er)成君(jun)称谥(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)既(ji)灭(mie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)(li)(li),不(bu)(bu)系(xi)於(wu)先(xian)君(jun),故(gu)(gu)臣子(zi)成其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)丧而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)(yu)系(xi)世(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)僖(xi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齐(qi)桓(huan)(huan)城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《春秋》“僖(xi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春王(wang)正月,城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu)”。《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”,是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引证齐(qi)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)攘戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《木瓜(gua)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,与(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》无(wu)攘戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)攘戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所灭(mie),民(min)(min)尚畏狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。闵(min)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“齐(qi)侯(hou)使公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)无(wu)亏帅(shuai)(shuai)车三(san)百(bai)乘以(yi)戍漕(cao)。”至僖(xi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),又帅(shuai)(shuai)诸(zhu)侯(hou)城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu),於(wu)是(shi)(shi)戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)复侵(qin)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。是(shi)(shi)亦攘救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)必要与(yu)(yu)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)战(zhan),故(gu)(gu)《乐纬·稽耀嘉》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)人与(yu)(yu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)战(zhan),桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)败(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),然后救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”宋(song)(song)均注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),谓使公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)无(wu)亏戍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“以(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)力能救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)戍漕(cao)、城(cheng)(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu)并(bing)是(shi)(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。灭(mie)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)戎者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)同类,协句而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。序自“攘戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”以(yi)上(shang),总说(shuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun),故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所灭(mie),懿(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。野(ye)处(chu)漕(cao)邑,戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。攘戎狄(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自“文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)徙(xi)居(ju)楚(chu)(chu)丘(qiu)”以(yi)下,指说(shuo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建国(guo)(guo)营室(shi)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制,所以(yi)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“於(wu)是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)建国(guo)(guo)焉(yan)。”

定之方中,作于楚宫。定,营室也。方中,昏正四方。楚宫,楚丘之宫也。仲梁子曰:“初立楚宫也。”笺云:楚宫,谓宗庙也。定星昏中而正,於是可以营制宫室,故谓之营室。定昏中而正,谓小雪时,其体与东壁连正四方。揆之以日,作于楚室。揆,度也。度日出日入,以知东西。南视定,北准极,以正南北。室犹宫也。笺云:楚室,居室也。君子将营宫室,宗庙为先,厩库为次,居室为后。
  ○揆,葵癸反。度,待洛反,下同。“视”,字又作“眡”,音同。厩,居又反。树之榛栗,椅桐梓漆,爰伐琴瑟。椅,梓属。笺云:爰,曰也。树此六木於宫者,曰其长大可伐以为琴瑟。言豫备也。
  ○榛,侧巾反。椅,於(wu)宜(yi)反。《草木疏(shu)》云(yun):“梓实(shi)桐皮曰椅也(ye)。”梓音子(zi)。漆音七。长,丁丈反。

[疏]“定之”至“琴瑟”。
  ○毛以为,言定星之昏正四方而中,取则视之以正其南,因准极以正其北,作为楚丘之宫也。度之以日影,度日出之影与日入之影,以知东西,以作为楚丘之室也。东西南北皆既正方,乃为宫室。别言宫室,异其文耳。既为宫室,乃树之以榛、栗、椅、桐、梓、漆六木於其宫中,曰此木长大,可伐之以为琴瑟。言公非直营室得其制,又能树木为豫备,故美之。
  ○郑以为,文公於定星之昏正四方而中之时,谓夏之十月,以此时而作为楚丘之宫庙。又度之以日影而营表其位,正其东西南北,而作楚丘之居室。室与宫俱於定星中而为之,同度日影而正之,各於其文互举一事耳。馀同。
  ○传“楚宫”至“立楚宫”。
  ○正义曰:《郑志》“张逸问:‘楚宫今何地?仲梁子何时人?’答曰:‘楚丘在济河间,疑在今东郡界中。仲梁子,先师,鲁人,当六国时,在毛公前。然卫本河北,至懿公灭,乃东徙渡河,野处漕邑,则在河南矣。又此二章升漕墟望楚丘,楚丘与漕不甚相远,亦河南明矣。故疑在东郡界中。’”杜预云“楚丘,济阴成武县西南,属济阴郡”,犹在济北,故云“济河间”也。但汉之郡境巳不同,郑疑在东郡,杜云济阴也。毛公,鲁人,而春秋时鲁有仲梁怀,为毛所引,故言“鲁人”,当六国时,盖承师说而然。
  ○笺“定星”至“四方”。正义曰:传虽不以方中为记时,亦以定为营室方中为昏正四方,而笺以为记时,故因解其名定为营室及其方中之意。《释天》云:“营室谓之定。”孙炎曰“定,正也。天下作宫室者,皆以营室中为正。”此言定星昏中而正四方,於是可以营制宫室,故谓之营室,是取《尔雅》为说也。然则毛不取记时,而名营室者,为视其星而正南北,以营宫室,故谓之营室。又云定星昏而正中,谓小雪时。小雪者,十月之中气。十二月皆有节气,有中气。十月立冬节,小雪中於此时,定星昏而正中也。又解中得方者,由其体与东壁相成,故得正四方,以於列宿,室与壁别星,故指室云其体,又壁居南,则在室东,故因名东壁。《释天》云:“娵觜之口,营室东壁也。”孙炎曰:“娵觜之口,叹则口开方,营室东壁四方似口,故因名云。”是也。此定之方中,小雪时,则在周十二月矣。《春秋》“正月城楚丘”,《穀梁传》曰:“不言城卫,卫未迁。”则诸侯先为之城其城,文公乃於其中营宫室也。建城在正月,则作室亦正月矣。而云“得时”者,《左传》曰:“凡土功,水昏正而裁,日至而毕。”则冬至以前,皆为土功之时。以历校之,僖二年闰馀十七,则闰在正月之后,正月之初未冬至,故为得时也。笺言定星中,小雪时,举其常期耳,非谓作其楚宫即当十月也。如此,则小雪以后方兴土功。而《礼记》云“君子既蜡不兴功”者,谓不复兴农功,而非土功也。《月令》仲秋云“是月也,可以筑城郭,建都邑”者,秦法与周异。仲冬云“命有司曰:‘土事无作’,亦与《左传》同。然则《左传》所云乃是正礼。而《召诰》於三月之下营洛邑之事,於周之三月起土功,不依礼之常时者,《郑志》答赵商云:“传所言者,谓庸时也。周、召之作洛邑,因欲观众殷乐之与否。”则由欲观民之意,故不依常时也。
  ○传“度日”至“南北”。
  ○正义曰:此度日出日入,谓度其影也。故《公刘》传曰“考於日影”,是也。其术则《匠人》云:“水地以县,置{埶木}以县,视以影。为规,识日出之影与日入之影,昼参诸日中之影,夜考之极星,以正朝夕。”注云:“於四角立植而县以水,望其高下。高下既定,乃为位而平地。於所平之地中央,树八尺之臬,以县正之。视之以其影,将以正四方也。日出日入之影,其端则东西正也。又为规以识之者,为其难审也。自日出而画其影端,以至日入既,则为规。测影两端之内,规之,规之交乃其审也。度两交之间,中屈之以指臬,则南北正也。日中之影最短者也。极星,谓北辰也。”是揆日瞻星以正东西南北之事也。如《匠人》注度日出日入之影,不假於视定、视极,而东西南北皆知之。此传度日出入,以知东西,视定、极以正南北者,《考工》之文止言以正朝夕,无正南北之语,故规影之下别言“考之极星”,是视极乃南北正矣。但郑因屈横度之绳,即可以知南北,故细言之,与此不为乖也。唯传言“南视定”者,郑意不然。何者?以《匠人》云“昼参诸日中之影”,不言以定星参之。经、传未有以定星正南北者,故上笺以定为记时,异於传也。传以视定为正南北,则四句同言得制,非记时也。
  ○传“室犹宫”。
  ○正义曰:《释宫》云:“宫谓之室,室谓之宫。”郭璞曰:“皆所以通古今之异语。”明同实而两名,故云“室犹宫”也。
  ○笺“楚室”至“为后”。
  ○正义曰:《释宫》以宫室为一,谓通而言之,其对文则异,故上笺楚宫谓庙,此楚室谓居室,别其文以明二者不同也。故引《曲礼》曰:“君子将营宫室,宗庙为先,厩库为次,居室为后。”明制有先有后,别设其文也。《绵》与《斯干》皆述先作宗庙,后营居室也。
  ○传“椅,梓属”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):《释木》云:“椅(yi)(yi),梓(zi)(zi)也。”舍人(ren)曰(yue)(yue):“梓(zi)(zi)一名椅(yi)(yi)。”郭(guo)璞曰(yue)(yue):“即楸(qiu)也。”《湛露》曰(yue)(yue):“其桐(tong)其椅(yi)(yi)。”桐(tong)椅(yi)(yi)既为(wei)类,而(er)梓(zi)(zi)一名椅(yi)(yi),故(gu)以椅(yi)(yi)桐(tong)为(wei)梓(zi)(zi)属(shu)。言(yan)梓(zi)(zi)属(shu),则椅(yi)(yi)梓(zi)(zi)别,而(er)《释木》椅(yi)(yi)梓(zi)(zi)为(wei)一者,陆机云“梓(zi)(zi)者,楸(qiu)之疏(shu)理白(bai)色而(er)生子者为(wei)梓(zi)(zi),梓(zi)(zi)实桐(tong)皮曰(yue)(yue)椅(yi)(yi)”,则大类同而(er)小(xiao)别也。笺云“树此六木於宫中”,明其别也。定本(ben)“椅(yi)(yi),梓(zi)(zi)属(shu)”,无“桐(tong)”字,於理是也。

升彼虚矣,以望楚矣。望楚与堂,景山与京,虚,漕虚也。楚丘有堂邑者。景山,大山。京,高丘也。笺云:自河以东,夹於济水,文公将徙,登漕之虚以望楚丘,观其旁邑及其丘山,审其高下所依倚,乃后建国焉,慎之至也。
  ○虚,起居反,本或作“墟”。夹,居洽反。济,节礼反。倚,於绮反。降观于桑。地势宜蚕,可以居民。卜云其吉,终然允臧。龟曰卜。允,信。臧,善也。建国必卜之,故建邦能命龟,田能施命,作器能铭,使能造命,升高能赋,师旅能誓,山川能说,丧纪能诔,祭祀能语,君子能此九者,可谓有德音,可以为大夫。
  ○使,所吏反(fan)。能说(shuo)如字。《郑志》“问(wen)曰:‘山(shan)川能说(shuo),何(he)谓也(ye)(ye)?’答曰:两读。或(huo)言(yan)说(shuo),说(shuo)者(zhe),说(shuo)其形势也(ye)(ye)。或(huo)曰述(shu),述(shu)者(zhe),述(shu)其故事也(ye)(ye)。述(shu)读如“遂事不谏”之(zhi)遂。’”亻畕本又作(zuo)(zuo)“讠畕”,又作(zuo)(zuo)“诔(lei)”,皆力水(shui)反(fan)。《说(shuo)文》云:“讠畕,祷也(ye)(ye),累功(gong)德以求(qiu)福也(ye)(ye)。”诔(lei),谥也(ye)(ye)。“为(wei)卿大夫”,一(yi)本无“卿”字。

[疏]“升彼”至“允臧”。正义曰:此追本欲迁之由,言文公将徙,先升彼漕邑之墟矣,以望楚丘之地矣,又望其傍堂邑及景山与京丘。言其有山林之饶,高丘之阻,可以居处。又下漕墟而往观於其处之桑,既形势得宜蚕桑,又茂美可以居民矣。人事既从,乃命龟卜之,云从其吉矣,终然信善,非直当今而巳。乃由地势美而卜又吉,故文公徙居楚丘而建国焉。
  ○传“虚漕”至“高丘”。
  ○正义曰:知墟,漕墟者,以文公自漕而徙楚丘,故知升漕墟。盖地有故墟,高可登之以望,犹僖二十八年《左传》称“晋侯登有莘之墟”也。升墟而并望楚堂,明其相近,故言楚丘有堂邑,楚丘本亦邑也。但今以为都,故以堂系楚丘而言之。《释诂》云:“景,大也。”故知景山为大山。京与山相对,故为高丘。《释丘》云:“绝高为之京。”郭璞曰:“人力所作也。”又云:“非人为之丘。”郭璞曰:“地自然生。”则丘者,自然而有:京者,人力所为,形则相类,故云“京,高丘也”。《公刘》笺云“绝高为之京”,与此一也。《皇矣》传曰“京,大阜也”,以与“我陵”、“我阿”相接,类之,故为大阜。
  ○笺“自河”至“济水”。
  ○正义曰:笺解楚丘所在,故云“自河以东,夹於济水”,言楚丘在其间。《禹贡》云:“道沇水,东流为济,入于河,溢为荥。东出于陶丘北,又东至于菏,又东北会于汶。”是济自河北而南入於河,又出而东。楚丘在於其间,西有河,东有济,故云“夹於济水”也。
  ○传“龟曰卜”至“大夫”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卜(bu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“国大(da)(da)(da)(da)迁(qian)(qian)(qian),大(da)(da)(da)(da)师(shi),则贞龟(gui)。”是建国必卜(bu)之(zhi)。《绵(mian)》云(yun)(yun)“爰(yuan)契我龟(gui)”,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)必卜(bu),而(er)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)掌九(jiu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),“一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)(geng)”,注云(yun)(yun):“更(geng)(geng),谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)都邑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《郑志(zhi)》答赵商云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)都邑比於国为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小,故(gu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)。”然则都邑则用(yong)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),国都则卜(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)卜(bu)云(yun)(yun)“终吉(ji)”,而(er)僖三(san)十一年又迁(qian)(qian)(qian)于(yu)(yu)帝丘(qiu),而(er)言“终善(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)决疑,卫(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)狄人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)灭(mie),国人(ren)(ren)分散,文公徙居楚(chu)丘(qiu),兴复祖(zu)业,国家殷富,吉(ji)莫如之(zhi)。后(hou)(hou)自更(geng)(geng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)时事(shi)(shi)不(bu)便而(er)迁(qian)(qian)(qian),何害“终然允(yun)臧”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传因引“建邦(bang)能(neng)(neng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)”,证“建国必卜(bu)之(zhi)”,遂(sui)言“田(tian)能(neng)(neng)施命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)本有成(cheng)文,连引之(zhi)耳。建邦(bang)能(neng)(neng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)迁(qian)(qian)(qian),取(qu)吉(ji)之(zhi)意(yi)。若(ruo)(ruo)《少牢》史述(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“假尔大(da)(da)(da)(da)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)有常,孝(xiao)孙某(mou)来日丁亥,用(yong)荐岁事(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)皇祖(zu)伯某(mou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)某(mou)妃配(pei)某(mou)氏,尚飨。”《士(shi)丧(sang)》卜(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“哀子(zi)(zi)某(mou),卜(bu)葬其(qi)(qi)父某(mou)甫。考降,无有近悔(hui)。”如此(ci)之(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。建邦(bang)亦言某(mou)事(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui),但(dan)辞(ci)亡也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田(tian)能(neng)(neng)施命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)於田(tian)猎而(er)能(neng)(neng)施教(jiao)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)设誓(shi),若(ruo)(ruo)《士(shi)师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun):“三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)禁,用(yong)诸(zhu)田(tian)役。”注云(yun)(yun):“禁,则军礼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘无于(yu)(yu)车无自后(hou)(hou)射其(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司马(ma)职》云(yun)(yun):“斩牲(sheng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)左右(you)徇陈(chen),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘不(bu)用(yong)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斩之(zhi)。’”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田(tian)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)习战(zhan),故(gu)施命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)戒众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)器能(neng)(neng)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)既作(zuo)器,能(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)(ruo)《栗氏》“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)量,其(qi)(qi)铭(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘时文思(si)索,允(yun)臻其(qi)(qi)极。嘉量既成(cheng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)观四国。永启厥后(hou)(hou),兹器维则。’”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)戴礼》说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)武王(wang)盘盂几(ji)杖皆有铭(ming)(ming)(ming),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)存(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。铭(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)因其(qi)(qi)器名而(er)书(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)戒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。使能(neng)(neng)造命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)随前事(shi)(shi)应(ying)机,造其(qi)(qi)辞(ci)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)对,若(ruo)(ruo)屈完之(zhi)对齐(qi)侯,国佐(zuo)之(zhi)对晋师(shi),君(jun)无常辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。升(sheng)高能(neng)(neng)赋者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)升(sheng)高有所(suo)(suo)见,能(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗赋其(qi)(qi)形状,铺陈(chen)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)势也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。师(shi)旅能(neng)(neng)誓(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)将帅能(neng)(neng)誓(shi)戒之(zhi),若(ruo)(ruo)铁之(zhi)战(zhan),赵鞅(yang)誓(shi)军之(zhi)类。山(shan)川(chuan)能(neng)(neng)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)行过山(shan)川(chuan),能(neng)(neng)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)其(qi)(qi)形势,而(er)陈(chen)述(shu)其(qi)(qi)状也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑志(zhi)》“张逸问:‘传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)川(chuan)能(neng)(neng)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),何谓(wei)(wei)?’答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘两读。或(huo)云(yun)(yun)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)其(qi)(qi)形势。或(huo)云(yun)(yun)述(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),述(shu)其(qi)(qi)古事(shi)(shi)。’”则郑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两读,以(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)俱通故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。丧(sang)纪能(neng)(neng)诔(lei)(lei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)於丧(sang)纪之(zhi)事(shi)(shi),能(neng)(neng)累(lei)列(lie)其(qi)(qi)行,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文辞(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)谥(shi),若(ruo)(ruo)子(zi)(zi)囊之(zhi)诔(lei)(lei)楚(chu)恭之(zhi)类,故(gu)《曾子(zi)(zi)问》注云(yun)(yun):“诔(lei)(lei),累(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),累(lei)列(lie)生(sheng)时行迹,以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)谥(shi)。”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)祀能(neng)(neng)语者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)於祭(ji)祀能(neng)(neng)祝告鬼神(shen)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言语,若(ruo)(ruo)荀偃祷(dao)河、蒯瞶祷(dao)祖(zu)之(zhi)类是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)子(zi)(zi)由能(neng)(neng)此(ci)上九(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)可(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)德,乃可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)列(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。定本、《集注》皆云(yun)(yun)“可(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)有德音”,与俗本不(bu)同(tong)。独言可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),当贤著德盛乃得位极人(ren)(ren)臣。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),臣之(zhi)最尊,故(gu)责其(qi)(qi)九(jiu)能(neng)(neng)。天子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯嗣世为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)尽(jin)责其(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)此(ci)九(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),

灵雨既零,命彼倌人。星言夙驾,说于桑田。零,落也。倌人,主驾者,笺云:灵,善也。星,雨止星见。夙,早也。文公於雨下,命主驾者:雨止,为我晨早驾,欲往为辞说于桑田,教民稼穑。务农急也。
  ○倌音官,徐古患反,《说文》云:“小臣也。”星言,《韩诗》云:“星精也。”说,毛始锐反,舍也。郑如字。辞,说。见,贤遍反。为,于伪反。匪直也人,非徒庸君。秉心塞渊,秉,操也。笺云:塞,充实也。渊,深也。
  ○操,七刀反。騋牝三千。马七尺以上曰騋。騋马与牝马也。笺云:国马之制,天子十有二闲,马六种,三千四百五十六匹。邦国六闲,马四种,千二百九十六匹。卫之先君兼邶、鄘而有之,而马数过礼制。今文公灭而复兴,徙而能富,马有三千,虽非礼制,国人美之。
  ○騋牝(pin),上音来,马(ma)六尺巳上也;下(xia)频忍反(fan),徐扶死(si)反(fan)。上,时掌反(fan)。种,章勇反(fan),下(xia)同。过礼,一本作“过礼制”。复,符(fu)富反(fan)。

[疏]“灵雨”至“三千”。
  ○正义曰:此章说政治之美。言文公於善雨既落之时,命彼倌人云:汝於雨止星见,当为我早驾,当乘之往辞说於桑田之野,以教民之稼穑。言文公既爱民务农如此,则非直庸庸之人,故秉操其心,能诚实且复深远,是善人也。既政行德实,故能兴国,以致殷富,騋马与牝马乃有三千,可美之极也。
  ○传“倌人,主驾者”。
  ○正义曰:以命之使驾,故知主驾者。诸侯之礼亡,未闻倌人为何官也。
  ○传“马七尺”至“牝马”。
  ○正义曰:七尺曰騋,《廋人》文也。定本云“六尺”,恐误也。此三千,言其总数。国马供用,牝牲俱有,或七尺六尺,举騋牝以互见,故言騋马与牝马也。知非直牝而七尺有三千者,以诸侯之制,三千已多,明不得独牝有三千。《辀人职》注云:“国马,谓种马、戎马、齐马、道马,高八尺,田马七尺,驽马六尺。”此天子国马有三等,则诸侯国马之制不一等,明不独七尺也。乘车、兵车及田车高下各有度,则诸侯亦齐、道高八尺,田马高七尺,驽马高六尺。独言騋马者,举中言之。
  ○笺“国马”至“美之”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):言国马,谓(wei)君之家马也。其兵赋,则《左传》曰(yue)(yue)“元年(nian)革车三(san)十(shi)乘,季年(nian)乃三(san)百乘”,是也。

天子(zi)(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);邦(bang)国六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),皆(jie)(jie)《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),诸侯(hou)(hou)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),皆(jie)(jie)推《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)》而计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)》又曰:“凡(fan)颁良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)而养(yang)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师四(si)(si)(si)(si)圉,三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)(zao)(zao),皂(zao)(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)趣马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma);三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皂(zao)(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi),系(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)驭(yu)夫(fu);六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仆(pu)夫(fu);六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)左右(you)(you)。驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)。”注云:“二(er)(er)(er)(er)耦(ou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。自(zi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)(zhi)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。《易》:‘乾(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。’此(ci)(ci)(ci)应(ying)(ying)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)(zhi)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)变言(yan)(yan)成(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),而王(wang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)小备也(ye)(ye)(ye)。校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)左右(you)(you),则(ze)(ze)良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),五(wu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合二(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。五(wu)良(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)驽(nu)(nu),凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),然(ran)后王(wang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)大备。”由此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)左右(you)(you),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),即是十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑又云“每(mei)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)”,明(ming)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)别一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处,各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)卫,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又变厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)言(yan)(yan)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)(zao)(zao),则(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)皂(zao)(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi),则(ze)(ze)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)成(cheng)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),以(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),则(ze)(ze)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云自(zi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)(zhi)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),应(ying)(ying)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)。谓变者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)揲(she)蓍用四(si)(si)(si)(si),四(si)(si)(si)(si)九三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),谓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)。纯乾(qian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爻(yao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)左右(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)倍二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)。驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,虽驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)数(shu)(shu)(shu)言(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)(liang),亦以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)驽(nu)(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)共厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)。诸侯(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),明(ming)因(yin)驽(nu)(nu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)而分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),与(yu)(yu)上三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),而六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),皆(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),以(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)诸侯(hou)(hou)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)》又云:大夫(fu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)二(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。郑因(yin)诸侯(hou)(hou)不(bu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),亦分(fen)驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)注云诸侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)齐(qi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、道(dao)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、田马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),大夫(fu)有(you)(you)(you)田马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),其(qi)(qi)(qi)驽(nu)(nu)皆(jie)(jie)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san),是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《郑志》“赵商(shang)问曰:‘《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》天子(zi)(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。邦(bang)国六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家四(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)二(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。商(shang)案大夫(fu)食县,何(he)由能供此(ci)(ci)(ci)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)?《司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法》论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甸(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田方八(ba)里,有(you)(you)(you)戎马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),长毂一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。今大夫(fu)采四(si)(si)(si)(si)甸(dian),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甸(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税以(yi)(yi)给(ji)王(wang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)甸(dian)裁(cai)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。今就(jiu)《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》相(xiang)觉(jue)甚异。’答曰:‘邦(bang)国六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)適当千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家四(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)二(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),又当八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)。今子(zi)(zi)(zi)何(he)术(shu)计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?此(ci)(ci)(ci)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)皆(jie)(jie)国君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,非民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)。《司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法》甸(dian)有(you)(you)(you)戎马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),长毂一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),此(ci)(ci)(ci)谓民出军赋(fu),无与(yu)(yu)於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)国马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)。’”是郑计(ji)诸侯(hou)(hou)大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)数(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。赵商(shang)因(yin)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)有(you)(you)(you)左右(you)(you),谓二(er)(er)(er)(er)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)皆(jie)(jie)倍而误。郑以(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)厩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)即十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)数(shu)(shu)(shu),诸侯(hou)(hou)大夫(fu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)数(shu)(shu)(shu),驽(nu)(nu)与(yu)(yu)良(liang)(liang)同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)何(he)术(shu)计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。郑以(yi)(yi)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),而此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),过制,明(ming)非始文(wen)(wen)(wen)公,所从远(yuan)矣,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)君(jun),言(yan)(yan)由卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)君(jun)兼邶、鄘而有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)邶、鄘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富,而马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)数(shu)(shu)(shu)过礼制,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)今文(wen)(wen)(wen)公过制也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu),违礼者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而《校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)》注引《诗》云“‘騋(lai)牝三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)’,王(wang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大数(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)与(yu)(yu)王(wang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)数(shu)(shu)(shu)近相(xiang)当,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因(yin)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)实此(ci)(ci)(ci)数(shu)(shu)(shu)非王(wang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

《定之方(fang)中》三章(zhang),章(zhang)七(qi)句。

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