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仪礼注疏卷九 乡饮酒礼第四在线阅读

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卷九 乡饮酒礼第四

  宾降洗,将(jiang)酢主人。

[疏]“宾降洗”。
  ○注“将酢主人”。
  ○释曰:自此已下至“西阶上(shang)答(da)拜(bai)”,论宾酢主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之事。云“将酢主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者,案《尔雅(ya)》云:“酢,报也(ye)。”前得主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之献,今将酌以(yi)报之,故(gu)降洗而致絜敬,故(gu)云将酢主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。

主人降。亦(yi)从宾(bin)也。降,降立阼(zuo)阶东,西面。

[疏]“主人降”。
  ○注“降立”至“西面”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):知面位如此者(zhe),案下云“主人复阼(zuo)阶东(dong),西面”,故知此当(dang)於阼(zuo)阶东(dong)西面也。

宾坐奠爵,兴辞(ci)。西阶前也。

[疏]“宾坐奠爵兴辞”。
  ○注“西阶前也”。
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)“西阶前”者(zhe),《乡射(she)》云:“宾(bin)西阶前东面(mian)坐奠爵,兴,辞降。”此亦然,故也。

主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)对,宾(bin)坐(zuo)取爵(jue)(jue),適(shi)洗(xi)南,北(bei)面。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)阼阶东(dong)(dong),南面辞洗(xi)。宾(bin)坐(zuo)奠爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)篚(fei),兴对。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)复阼阶东(dong)(dong),西面。宾(bin)东(dong)(dong)北(bei)面盥,坐(zuo)取爵(jue)(jue),卒洗(xi),揖让如(ru)初,升。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)拜(bai)洗(xi),宾(bin)答拜(bai),兴,降盥,如(ru)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)礼(li)(li)。宾(bin)实(shi)爵(jue)(jue)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之席前,东(dong)(dong)南面酢主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)阼阶上拜(bai),宾(bin)少(shao)退。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)进(jin)受爵(jue)(jue),复位,宾(bin)西阶上拜(bai)送爵(jue)(jue),荐脯(fu)醢。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)升席自北(bei)方,设折(zhe)俎,祭如(ru)宾(bin)礼(li)(li)。祭者,祭荐俎及(ji)酒,亦哜啐。

[疏]“主人”至“宾礼”。
  ○注“祭者”至“哜啐”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)坐(zuo)(zuo)取(qu)(qu)爵(jue)(jue),適洗(xi)南盥(guan)(guan)(guan),坐(zuo)(zuo)取(qu)(qu)爵(jue)(jue),卒洗(xi),以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)未盥(guan)(guan)(guan),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi)。案《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)礼》盥(guan)(guan)(guan)讫将洗(xi),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)乃辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi),先后(hou)不同者(zhe),彼与(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)习礼轻(qing),故(gu)(gu)盥(guan)(guan)(guan)讫乃辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乡(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)将宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)举之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)未盥(guan)(guan)(guan)先辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi),重之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。若然,《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)礼》内兼有乡(xiang)(xiang)大夫,即(ji)尊与(yu)州长同於盥(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi)者(zhe),以其盥(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi)是礼之(zhi)(zhi)常故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。但《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)坐(zuo)(zuo)取(qu)(qu)爵(jue)(jue)適洗(xi),坐(zuo)(zuo)奠(dian)(dian)爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)篚(fei)(fei)下(xia)”,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)辞(ci)(ci)洗(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)时,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)方奠(dian)(dian)爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)篚(fei)(fei)下(xia),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不奠(dian)(dian)爵(jue)(jue)篚(fei)(fei)下(xia),便言(yan)奠(dian)(dian)爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)篚(fei)(fei)者(zhe),《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》云(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)坐(zuo)(zuo)取(qu)(qu)爵(jue)(jue)洗(xi)”之(zhi)(zhi)时,未得(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),故(gu)(gu)得(de)奠(dian)(dian)於篚(fei)(fei)下(xia),得(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),乃奠(dian)(dian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)篚(fei)(fei)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)取(qu)(qu)爵(jue)(jue)適洗(xi),未奠(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)时,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)即(ji)辞(ci)(ci),故(gu)(gu)奠(dian)(dian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)篚(fei)(fei)也(ye)。云(yun)“揖(yi)让如(ru)初,升(sheng)”者(zhe),谓(wei)前主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)卒洗(xi),一(yi)揖(yi)一(yi)让升(sheng)也(ye)。云(yun)“降(jiang)(jiang)盥(guan)(guan)(guan),如(ru)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)礼”者(zhe),谓(wei)如(ru)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)降(jiang)(jiang)盥(guan)(guan)(guan)礼,则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)降(jiang)(jiang),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)降(jiang)(jiang),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)辞(ci)(ci)降(jiang)(jiang),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)对,一(yi)与(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)降(jiang)(jiang)辞(ci)(ci)已下(xia)同也(ye)。云(yun)“祭(ji)如(ru)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)礼”者(zhe),如(ru)上(shang)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)祭(ji)时坐(zuo)(zuo),“左执爵(jue)(jue),右祭(ji)脯醢,奠(dian)(dian)爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)荐西,兴,右手取(qu)(qu)肺,卻(que)左手执本,坐(zuo)(zuo),弗缭,右绝末以祭(ji),尚(shang)左手,哜(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。兴,加于(yu)(yu)(yu)俎(zu)(zu)。坐(zuo)(zuo)捝手,遂祭(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)。兴,席末坐(zuo)(zuo),啐(cui)(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)祭(ji)如(ru)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)礼。云(yun)“祭(ji)者(zhe),祭(ji)荐俎(zu)(zu)及酒(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe),荐谓(wei)脯醢,俎(zu)(zu)即(ji)离(li)肺也(ye)。云(yun)“亦(yi)哜(ji)啐(cui)(cui)”者(zhe),直(zhi)云(yun)祭(ji)如(ru)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)礼。嫌祭(ji)不哜(ji)啐(cui)(cui),故(gu)(gu)郑明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)亦(yi)哜(ji)肺啐(cui)(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu),是以下(xia)文云(yun)“不告旨(zhi)”,明(ming)(ming)亦(yi)啐(cui)(cui)也(ye)。

不告(gao)旨。酒,己(ji)物也(ye)。

自席前適(shi)阼阶(jie)上(shang),北面坐(zuo)卒爵(jue)(jue),兴(xing),坐(zuo)奠爵(jue)(jue),遂拜(bai),执爵(jue)(jue)兴(xing)。宾西(xi)阶(jie)上(shang)答拜(bai)。自席前者,啐(cui)酒席末,因(yin)从北方(fang)降,由便(bian)也。

[疏]“自席”至“答拜”。
  ○注“自席”至“便也”。
  ○释曰:案《曲礼》云席(xi)(xi)“东乡、西(xi)乡以(yi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)为上(shang)(shang),南(nan)乡、北乡以(yi)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)为上(shang)(shang)。”凡升席(xi)(xi),必由(you)(you)下(xia),降(jiang)由(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)。今主人当降(jiang)自(zi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang),以(yi)啐酒於席(xi)(xi)末,遂(sui)因从席(xi)(xi)北头降(jiang),又从北向南(nan),北面拜,是(shi)由(you)(you)便(bian)(bian)也(ye)。若降(jiang)由(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)之正,亦是(shi)便(bian)(bian),故(gu)下(xia)云主人作(zuo)相“降(jiang)席(xi)(xi)自(zi)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)”,不由(you)(you)北方(fang)(fang),亦由(you)(you)便(bian)(bian)也(ye)。

主人坐奠爵于序(xu)(xu)端(duan),阼阶上(shang)北面再(zai)拜崇酒。宾西阶上(shang)答拜。东西墙(qiang)谓之序(xu)(xu)。崇,充也(ye),言酒恶(e),相(xiang)充实。

[疏]“主人坐奠爵于序端”。
  ○注“东西”至“充实”。
  ○释曰(yue):“奠爵于序端”者,拟后酬(chou)宾讫,取(qu)此爵以献介也。云“东西墙谓之(zhi)序”者,《尔雅(ya)·释宫》文。但彼云“东西厢”,厢即(ji)墙,故变言之(zhi)也。

主(zhu)人坐(zuo)取觯于篚,降(jiang)洗(xi)(xi)。宾(bin)降(jiang),主(zhu)人辞(ci)降(jiang)。宾(bin)不辞(ci)洗(xi)(xi),立当西序,东面。不辞(ci)洗(xi)(xi)者,以其(qi)将自饮。

[疏]“主人”至“东面”。
  ○释曰:自此至“复位”,论主人酬宾之事。
  ○注“不辞”至“自饮”。
  ○释曰:酬酒先饮(yin),乃酬宾,故云“将自饮(yin)”。若然,既(ji)自饮(yin)而盥洗者(zhe),礼法宜(yi)絜故也。若然,经云“宾降主人(ren)辞”,应奠爵,不言者(zhe),理在可(ke)知,故为(wei)文略也。

卒洗,揖让升。宾西(xi)阶(jie)上疑立(li)。主人(ren)实觯(zhi)酬宾,阼阶(jie)上北面(mian)坐奠觯(zhi),遂拜,执觯(zhi)兴。宾西(xi)阶(jie)上答拜。酬,劝(quan)酒也。酬之言周(zhou),忠信为周(zhou)。

[疏]“卒洗”至“答拜”。
  ○注“酬劝”至“为周”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)西阶(jie)上疑立”者(zhe),待(dai)主人(ren)自饮(yin)(yin)故也。云(yun)(yun)“酬(chou)之言周(zhou),忠信为(wei)周(zhou)”者(zhe),此解主人(ren)将(jiang)酬(chou)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),先自饮(yin)(yin)之意。以其酬(chou)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)若(ruo)不(bu)自先饮(yin)(yin),主人(ren)不(bu)忠信,恐宾(bin)(bin)(bin)不(bu)饮(yin)(yin),示忠信之道,故先自饮(yin)(yin),乃饮(yin)(yin)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)为(wei)酬(chou)也。忠信为(wei)周(zhou),《国(guo)语》文。

坐祭,遂饮,卒觯(zhi),兴,坐奠觯(zhi),遂拜(bai),执觯(zhi)兴。宾西阶上答拜(bai)。主人降洗(xi)(xi),宾降,辞如(ru)献礼。升,不(bu)拜(bai)洗(xi)(xi)。不(bu)拜(bai)洗(xi)(xi),杀於献。

[疏]“坐祭”至“拜洗”。
  ○注“不拜洗杀於献”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):云“坐祭,遂饮(yin)”者,因(yin)坐祭即饮(yin),饮(yin)卒觯,因(yin)事曰(yue)遂,故(gu)曰(yue)遂。云“辞(ci),如献礼(li)”者,主(zhu)人(ren)辞(ci),宾降,主(zhu)人(ren)为己洗爵,此与(yu)献宾时同,故(gu)云“辞(ci)如献礼(li)”。礼(li)杀升(sheng)堂,不(bu)拜(bai)洗,与(yu)献时异,故(gu)别言之,使不(bu)蒙如也。礼(li)杀於(wu)献者,献时拜(bai)洗,礼(li)初不(bu)杀故(gu)也。

宾(bin)西阶上立,主人实觯宾(bin)之(zhi)席前,北面,宾(bin)西阶上拜,主人少(shao)退,卒拜,进,坐奠(dian)觯于(yu)荐西。宾(bin)已拜,主人奠(dian)其觯。

[疏]“宾西”至“荐西”。
  ○注“宾已”至“其觯”。
  ○释曰:宾已拜,“主人奠(dian)其觯”者,非久停,下文宾取之“奠(dian)于荐东(dong)”是也(ye)。

宾辞,坐取觯,复位。主人阼阶上拜送,宾北面坐奠觯于(yu)荐东,复位。酬酒不举,君(jun)子(zi)不尽(jin)人之(zhi)欢,不竭人之(zhi)忠,以全交也(ye)。

[疏]“宾辞”至“复位”。
  ○注“酬酒”至“交也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:宾(bin)辞(ci)(ci),不解(jie)所辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)事,案《乡射》:“二人(ren)(ren)举(ju)觯(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)宾(bin)与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)夫,进,坐(zuo)(zuo)奠(dian)于(yu)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)右(you),宾(bin)与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)夫辞(ci)(ci),坐(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)(shou)觯(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)兴。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“辞(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)其(qi)坐(zuo)(zuo)奠(dian)觯(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)宾(bin)与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)夫辞(ci)(ci),即云(yun)(yun)(yun)坐(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)(shou)觯(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)兴。若自手受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)举(ju)觯(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)已(yi)(yi),故(gu)宾(bin)与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)夫可以(yi)当亢答(da)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),得云(yun)(yun)(yun)辞(ci)(ci)其(qi)亲奠(dian)。此(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)初,宾(bin)谦卑(bei),不辞(ci)(ci)其(qi)奠(dian),故(gu)经不云(yun)(yun)(yun)坐(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)(shou)以(yi)兴。然此(ci)辞(ci)(ci)是(shi)主人(ren)(ren)复(fu)(fu)亲酌已(yi)(yi),故(gu)《乡射》主人(ren)(ren)酬(chou)宾(bin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)宾(bin)辞(ci)(ci),郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“辞(ci)(ci)主人(ren)(ren)复(fu)(fu)亲酌己”是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“酬(chou)酒(jiu)不举(ju),君子不尽人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)欢,不竭人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)全(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),并《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)》文。案彼(bi)(bi)欢谓(wei)饮(yin)(yin)食(shi),忠(zhong)(zhong)谓(wei)衣服(fu),引之(zhi)(zhi)并谓(wei)饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),郑於彼(bi)(bi)欢与(yu)(yu)(yu)忠(zhong)(zhong)相对解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)欢为饮(yin)(yin)食(shi),忠(zhong)(zhong)为衣服(fu),通而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),总为饮(yin)(yin)食(shi),於义合(he)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“全(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe),所有饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)已(yi)(yi)已(yi)(yi)尽之(zhi)(zhi),恐人(ren)(ren)嫌贫而(er)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)绝(jue),故(gu)不尽为全(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),酬(chou)酒(jiu)不饮(yin)(yin)亦是(shi)全(quan)(quan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),故(gu)引为证也(ye)。此(ci)以(yi)奠(dian)於荐(jian)(jian)(jian)东,为酬(chou)酒(jiu)不举(ju)。案《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》二人(ren)(ren)媵爵于(yu)公,“奠(dian)于(yu)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)”,彼(bi)(bi)皆举(ju)为旅酬(chou)而(er)在左(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe),郑彼(bi)(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“奠(dian)于(yu)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan),不敢必君举(ju)也(ye)。”案《特牲》主人(ren)(ren)酬(chou)宾(bin),“奠(dian)于(yu)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)北”,彼(bi)(bi)举(ju)旅而(er)在左(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe),郑彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“行神惠。”故(gu)不与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)同也(ye)。

主人揖,降(jiang)。宾(bin)(bin)降(jiang),立于阶(jie)西,当序(xu),东面(mian)。主人将(jiang)与(yu)介为(wei)礼,宾(bin)(bin)谦,不敢(gan)居堂上。

[疏]“主人”至“东西”。
  ○注“主人”至“堂上”。
  ○释曰:自(zi)此下至“主(zhu)人(ren)介右答(da)拜”,论主(zhu)人(ren)献介之(zhi)事。

主人(ren)以介(jie)揖让(rang)升,拜如宾礼(li)(li)。主人(ren)坐取(qu)爵于东(dong)序端(duan),降(jiang)洗(xi)。介(jie)降(jiang),主人(ren)辞降(jiang),介(jie)辞洗(xi),如宾礼(li)(li)。升,不拜洗(xi)。介(jie)礼(li)(li)杀也。

[疏]“主人”至“拜洗”。
  ○注“介礼杀也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:案上主(zhu)人(ren)迎宾(bin)之时,介(jie)与(yu)众宾(bin)从(cong)入(ru),又主(zhu)人(ren)与(yu)客(ke)三(san)揖至於阶之时,介(jie)与(yu)众宾(bin)亦随至西(xi)阶下东面。今此(ci)文云(yun)揖让(rang)升(sheng),如客(ke)礼(li),则唯於升(sheng)堂时相让(rang),无(wu)庭中(zhong)三(san)揖之事矣。升(sheng)堂而云(yun)拜者,谓拜至亦如宾(bin)矣。云(yun)“介(jie)礼(li)杀也(ye)”者,谓不拜洗,是(shi)以(yi)《乡饮酒义(yi)》云(yun)“三(san)让(rang)以(yi)宾(bin)升(sheng),拜至、献酬、辞让(rang)之节繁,及介(jie)省矣”是(shi)也(ye)。

介西阶上立。不言疑者,省文。

[疏]注“不言疑者,省文”。
  ○释曰(yue):此决上献酬辞宾(bin)时,宾(bin)於(wu)西阶上疑立,此亦当献酒节而(er)不言疑者(zhe),省(sheng)文(wen)也(ye)。

主(zhu)人(ren)实爵(jue)(jue)介(jie)(jie)(jie)之席前,西(xi)南面(mian)献(xian)介(jie)(jie)(jie)。介(jie)(jie)(jie)西(xi)阶上北(bei)(bei)面(mian)拜,主(zhu)人(ren)少(shao)退。介(jie)(jie)(jie)进,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)受爵(jue)(jue),复位。主(zhu)人(ren)介(jie)(jie)(jie)右(you)(you)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)拜送爵(jue)(jue),介(jie)(jie)(jie)少(shao)退。主(zhu)人(ren)拜于介(jie)(jie)(jie)右(you)(you),降(jiang)尊以就卑也。今文无北(bei)(bei)面(mian)。

[疏]“主人”至“少退”。
  ○注“主人”至“北面”。
  ○释曰:云主(zhu)人(ren)“介(jie)(jie)之(zhi)席(xi)(xi)前,西(xi)(xi)南(nan)面献(xian)介(jie)(jie)”者(zhe),以介(jie)(jie)席(xi)(xi)东面,故邪向之(zhi)。若献(xian)宾时,於(wu)宾席(xi)(xi)前北面向之(zhi)也。“主(zhu)人(ren)拜于介(jie)(jie)右,降(jiang)尊以就(jiu)卑也”者(zhe),以主(zhu)人(ren)献(xian)宾时,主(zhu)人(ren)自(zi)在(zai)阼阶(jie)(jie),今於(wu)献(xian)介(jie)(jie),主(zhu)人(ren)来在(zai)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)介(jie)(jie)右,是介(jie)(jie)卑,故降(jiang)主(zhu)人(ren)之(zhi)尊,就(jiu)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)介(jie)(jie)之(zhi)东北面拜也。至旅(lv)酬(chou)皆同阶(jie)(jie)者(zhe),礼杀(sha)故也。

主人立于(yu)西阶东,荐脯(fu)醢。介(jie)升席(xi)自北方,设折俎。祭如宾(bin)礼,不(bu)(bu)哜(ji)肺,不(bu)(bu)啐酒,不(bu)(bu)告旨。自南方降席(xi),北面坐卒(zu)爵(jue),兴,坐奠爵(jue),遂(sui)拜(bai)(bai),执爵(jue)兴。主人介(jie)右答拜(bai)(bai)。不(bu)(bu)哜(ji)啐,下宾(bin)。

[疏]“主人”至“答拜”。
  ○注“不哜啐下宾”。
  ○释曰:云“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)立于(yu)西(xi)阶东”者,始献(xian)介之时近西(xi),在(zai)介右,今於(wu)设荐之时,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)无事,稍(shao)近东。案(an)上献(xian)宾荐设之时,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)云“疑立”,此(ci)不言者,文略(lve)也。云“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)介右答拜”者,还近西(xi)於(wu)前立处答拜也。

介降洗,主(zhu)人复阼阶,降辞如初。如宾酢之时。

[疏]“介降”至“如初”。
  ○注“如宾酢之时”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):自此至“介(jie)降(jiang)立于宾(bin)南”,论介(jie)酢主人之(zhi)事(shi)。云“主人复阼阶,降(jiang)辞(ci)如(ru)初”者(zhe),如(ru)宾(bin)酢主人之(zhi)时(shi),介(jie)辞(ci)主人从己降(jiang),主人辞(ci)介(jie)为己洗,一(yi)皆如(ru)之(zhi)也。

卒洗,主人盥。盥者,当(dang)为介酌。

[疏]“卒洗主人盥”。
  ○注“盥者当为介酌”。
  ○释曰:此(ci)主人自(zi)(zi)饮而(er)盥者,尊介也(ye)。是以《乡射(she)》云:大夫(fu)将酢,主人卒(zu)洗,“主人盥”。注云:“盥者,虽将酌自(zi)(zi)饮,尊大夫(fu),不敢(gan)亵。”是其(qi)类也(ye)。

介揖(yi)让升,授主(zhu)人爵于两楹之閒。就尊(zun)南授之。介不(bu)自酌,下宾(bin)。酒者,宾(bin)主(zhu)共之。

[疏]“介揖”至“之间”。
  ○释曰:“揖让升”者,谓一揖一让升也。云“授主人爵于两楹之间”,以爵授主人也。
  ○注“就尊”至“共之”。
  ○释曰:知(zhi)两楹(ying)间是(shi)(shi)尊南者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)上云(yun)(yun)尊於房(fang)户(hu)閒,房(fang)户(hu)閒当(dang)两楹(ying)之(zhi)北(bei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“就尊南授之(zhi)”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“介(jie)不(bu)自酌,下宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)亲(qin)酌以(yi)(yi)酢主(zhu)人,此不(bu)自酌,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)下宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“酒者(zhe),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)主(zhu)共之(zhi)”者(zhe),此郑解(jie)酒宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)主(zhu)共之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)自酌以(yi)(yi)酢主(zhu)人,介(jie)卑,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)敢(gan)酌,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《乡饮酒义》云(yun)(yun)“尊於房(fang)户(hu)之(zhi)閒,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)主(zhu)共之(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。

介西(xi)阶(jie)上立。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)实爵(jue)(jue),酢于西(xi)阶(jie)上,介右坐奠爵(jue)(jue),遂(sui)(sui)拜(bai),执爵(jue)(jue)兴(xing)。介答(da)拜(bai)。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)坐祭,遂(sui)(sui)饮,卒爵(jue)(jue),兴(xing),坐奠爵(jue)(jue),遂(sui)(sui)拜(bai),执爵(jue)(jue)兴(xing)。介答(da)拜(bai)。主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)坐奠爵(jue)(jue)于西(xi)楹南,介右再拜(bai)崇酒。介答(da)拜(bai)。奠爵(jue)(jue)西(xi)楹南,以当献(xian)众宾。

[疏]“介西”至“答拜”。
  ○释曰:此主人既受爵,介无事,故於西阶上立。不言疑立,可知也,亦省文。
  ○注“奠爵”至“众宾”。
  ○释曰(yue):知此奠爵(jue)(jue)为众宾(bin)者,案(an)下文云“主人(ren)揖(yi)升(sheng)坐取爵(jue)(jue)于西楹下”是也(ye)。乡射无介,故献众宾(bin)时於东序(xu)端,取爵(jue)(jue)献讫(qi),奠爵(jue)(jue)于篚也(ye)。

主人复阼阶,揖降。介降立于宾南。

[疏]“主人”至“宾南”。
  ○释曰:向来(lai)主人(ren)与介行礼於西(xi)阶上,事(shi)讫,故复阼阶揖让降。介降立于宾(bin)南(nan)(nan)者,以将献众(zhong)宾(bin),故介无(wu)事(shi),就(jiu)宾(bin)南(nan)(nan)也(ye)。

主人西南面三拜众宾(bin),众宾(bin)皆(jie)答壹拜。三拜、壹拜,示遍,不(bu)备礼也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)升(sheng)拜,贱也(ye)(ye)。

[疏]“主人”至“壹拜”。
  ○注“三拜”至“贱也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:自此已下(xia)至(zhi)“奠于篚”,论献众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)之事。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“西(xi)南面(mian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其主(zhu)人(ren)在阼阶下(xia),众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)在宾(bin)(bin)(bin)、介(jie)之南,故(gu)(gu)西(xi)南向拜(bai)(bai)之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三拜(bai)(bai)、壹(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai),示遍(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)备礼也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)各得(de)主(zhu)人(ren)一拜(bai)(bai),主(zhu)人(ren)亦遍(bian)(bian)得(de)一拜(bai)(bai),是(shi)不(bu)(bu)备礼,故(gu)(gu)《乡射》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三拜(bai)(bai)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)皆答(da)(da)壹(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)。”彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三拜(bai)(bai),示遍(bian)(bian)也。壹(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai),不(bu)(bu)备礼也。”大夫礼皆然(ran),故(gu)(gu)《少牢》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“主(zhu)人(ren)三拜(bai)(bai)籑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),籑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆答(da)(da)拜(bai)(bai)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“三拜(bai)(bai),旅(lv)之示遍(bian)(bian)也。”又《有司彻》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“主(zhu)人(ren)降南面(mian),拜(bai)(bai)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)于门(men)东,三拜(bai)(bai)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),门(men)东北面(mian),皆答(da)(da)壹(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)。”大夫尊,故(gu)(gu)也。士则答(da)(da)再拜(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)《特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):主(zhu)人(ren)“三拜(bai)(bai)众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)答(da)(da)再拜(bai)(bai)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“众(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)再拜(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士贱(jian)(jian),旅(lv)之,得(de)备礼”是(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)升(sheng)拜(bai)(bai),贱(jian)(jian)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此决(jue)上主(zhu)人(ren)与宾(bin)(bin)(bin)、介(jie)行礼皆升(sheng)堂拜(bai)(bai),至(zhi)此三拜(bai)(bai),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贱(jian)(jian),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)升(sheng)拜(bai)(bai)至(zhi)也。

主人(ren)揖升(sheng),坐取爵于(yu)西楹下,降洗(xi),升(sheng)实爵,于(yu)西阶上献众(zhong)(zhong)宾。众(zhong)(zhong)宾之长(zhang)升(sheng)拜(bai)受(shou)者三人(ren)。长(zhang),其老者,言三人(ren),则(ze)众(zhong)(zhong)宾多矣。

[疏]“主人”至“三人”。
  ○注“长其”至“多矣”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“主(zhu)人(ren)揖(yi)升(sheng)”者(zhe),从三(san)(san)人(ren)为首,一一揖(yi)之(zhi)而升(sheng)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“降洗(xi),升(sheng)实(shi)爵”者(zhe),以(yi)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)更言(yan)洗(xi),则以(yi)下(xia)(xia)因(yin)此不(bu)复洗(xi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“西(xi)阶上献众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)”者(zhe),下(xia)(xia)别言(yan)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)长三(san)(san)人(ren),则众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)中兼言(yan)堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin),故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)“众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)多矣(yi)(yi)(yi)”。自三(san)(san)人(ren)已下(xia)(xia),於下(xia)(xia)便以(yi)次历言(yan)之(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“拜(bai)受者(zhe)三(san)(san)人(ren)”,则堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宾(bin)(bin)不(bu)拜(bai)受矣(yi)(yi)(yi)。

主人拜送。於众宾右。

[疏]“主人拜送”。
  ○注“於众宾右”。
  ○释曰:知在众宾右,拜送者约上文(wen)介(jie)右而知也(ye)。

坐祭,立饮,不(bu)拜既(ji)爵(jue)。授主(zhu)人(ren)爵(jue),降(jiang)复位。既(ji),卒也。卒爵(jue)不(bu)拜,立饮,立授,贱者礼简(jian)。

[疏]“坐祭”至“复位”。
  ○注“既卒”至“礼简”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“卒爵(jue)(jue)不(bu)拜,立(li)饮(yin),立(li)授(shou),爵(jue)(jue)贱(jian)者礼(li)(li)简(jian)”者,宾(bin)(bin)贤(xian)能,以贤(xian)者为(wei)宾(bin)(bin),其(qi)次为(wei)介(jie)(jie),不(bu)间长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)。其(qi)三宾(bin)(bin)德劣(lie)于宾(bin)(bin)、介(jie)(jie),则数年之(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you),故上众宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)也。宾(bin)(bin)介(jie)(jie)则坐(zuo)祭(ji),坐(zuo)饮(yin),又拜既爵(jue)(jue),此三宾(bin)(bin)则坐(zuo)祭(ji),与宾(bin)(bin)、介(jie)(jie)同(tong)不(bu)拜既爵(jue)(jue)、立(li)饮(yin)、立(li)授(shou)则异,贱(jian),故礼(li)(li)简(jian)也。

众宾献,则不(bu)拜(bai)受爵,坐祭(ji),立(li)饮。次三人以下也,不(bu)拜(bai),礼弥简。

[疏]“众宾”至“立饮”。
  ○注“次三”至“弥简”。
  ○释曰(yue):此据堂(tang)下众宾不拜受,简於三人,故(gu)云“礼弥简”也。

每一(yi)人献,则荐诸其(qi)席(xi)。谓三人也。

[疏]“每一”至“其席”。
  ○注“谓三人也”。
  ○释曰:上已云(yun)献(xian),此以下(xia)别言荐(jian)。云(yun)每一人,还发三(san)人而言。云(yun)“每一人献(xian)则荐(jian)诸、其席”,则一一得献(xian),即(ji)荐(jian)之,以其言席,又下(xia)别言众宾,则此三(san)是(shi)三(san)人,故(gu)郑云(yun)“三(san)人”也。

众宾(bin)辩(bian)有(you)脯(fu)醢。亦每献荐(jian)於其(qi)位,位在下。今文辩(bian)皆作遍。

[疏]“众宾辩有脯醢”。
  ○注“亦每”至“作遍”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)“亦每献荐(jian)於其位(wei)(wei)(wei)”者,如上(shang)三人(ren),一(yi)一(yi)荐(jian)之。知(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)下者,以(yi)其言堂下立侍,不(bu)合有席,既(ji)不(bu)言席,故位(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)下,既(ji)不(bu)言其数,则乡人(ren)有学识者,皆来观礼,皆入(ru)饮酒之内。是(shi)以(yi)《乡射(she)》云(yun):旅酬堂上(shang),“辩,卒受者兴(xing),以(yi)旅在(zai)下者”,明(ming)众(zhong)宾在(zai)堂下也。

主(zhu)人以(yi)爵降,奠(dian)于(yu)篚。不复用也。

[疏]“主人”至“于篚”。
  ○释(shi)曰:以(yi)此合一献遍(bian),不复用,故以(yi)主人爵降,奠(dian)於篚也(ye)。

揖(yi)让升(sheng)(sheng)。宾(bin)厌介(jie)(jie)升(sheng)(sheng),介(jie)(jie)厌众(zhong)宾(bin)升(sheng)(sheng),众(zhong)宾(bin)序(xu)升(sheng)(sheng),即(ji)席。序(xu),次也。即(ji),就也。今文厌皆(jie)为揖(yi)。

[疏]“揖让”至“即席”。
  ○注“序次”至“为揖”。
  ○释曰:自此至“举觯(zhi)者(zhe)降”,论遍(bian)献众(zhong)宾(bin)讫,将以(yi)旅酬之事。云(yun)“众(zhong)宾(bin)序升(sheng)”者(zhe),谓三宾(bin)堂上有席(xi)者(zhe),以(yi)年长为(wei)首(shou),以(yi)次即席(xi)也。云(yun)“今文厌皆为(wei)揖”,不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe),以(yi)宾(bin)相引以(yi)手,不(bu)得为(wei)揖故也。

一人洗,升,举觯于宾。一人,主人之吏。发酒端曰举。

[疏]“一人”至“于宾”。
  ○注“一人”至“曰举”。
  ○释曰:此一人(ren)举(ju)(ju)觯,为(wei)旅酬也。云“发(fa)酒端曰举(ju)(ju)”者,从(cong)上(shang)至下(xia)遍饮(yin)讫,又从(cong)上(shang)而起,是发(fa)酒端曰举(ju)(ju)也。

实觯(zhi)(zhi),西阶(jie)上坐奠觯(zhi)(zhi),遂(sui)拜,执(zhi)觯(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)(xing),宾席末答拜。坐祭,遂(sui)饮,卒觯(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)(xing),坐奠觯(zhi)(zhi),遂(sui)拜,执(zhi)觯(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)(xing),宾答拜。降洗,升实觯(zhi)(zhi),立于西阶(jie)上,宾拜。宾拜,拜将(jiang)受觯(zhi)(zhi)。

[疏]“实觯”至“宾拜”。
  ○注“宾拜拜将受觯”。
  ○释曰:云“宾(bin)席(xi)末答(da)拜”者,谓(wei)於席(xi)西(xi)南面,非谓(wei)席(xi)上(shang),近西(xi)为(wei)末,以其无(wu)席(xi)上(shang)拜法也(ye)。已下宾(bin)拜皆然(ran)。

进(jin),坐(zuo)(zuo)奠觯(zhi)于荐(jian)西。宾辞,坐(zuo)(zuo)受以兴。举觯(zhi)不(bu)授,下主人也(ye)。言坐(zuo)(zuo)受者(zhe),明(ming)行事相接,若亲受,谦也(ye)。

[疏]“进坐”至“以兴”。
  ○注“举觯”至“谦也”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云“举觯不(bu)(bu)(bu)授(shou),下主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)”者,决(jue)上主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)献(xian)宾皆(jie)亲授(shou)而(er)(er)奠之,今不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲授(shou),是下主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)。《乡射》注(zhu)云:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)授(shou),贱(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢也(ye)。”下主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)明。此(ci)亦贱(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢授(shou)也(ye)。云“言(yan)坐受(shou)(shou)者,明行事相接(jie),若(ruo)(ruo)亲受(shou)(shou),谦也(ye)”者,若(ruo)(ruo)於人(ren)(ren)手相授(shou)受(shou)(shou),名为(wei)受(shou)(shou),不(bu)(bu)(bu)於人(ren)(ren)取(qu)(qu)(qu)之,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得言(yan)受(shou)(shou)。今於地取(qu)(qu)(qu)之而(er)(er)言(yan)受(shou)(shou)者,以主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)奠之,宾取(qu)(qu)(qu)之而(er)(er)无隔(ge)绝,虽於地,若(ruo)(ruo)手受(shou)(shou)之,故(gu)云明行事相接(jie)若(ruo)(ruo)亲受(shou)(shou)之谦也(ye)。

举觯者西阶(jie)上拜送,宾坐奠觯于其所(suo)。所(suo),荐(jian)西也。

[疏]“举觯”至“其所”。
  ○注“所荐西也”。
  ○释曰:宾奠(dian)於(wu)其所者,待作乐后立司正,宾乃取此觯以(yi)酬主人,以(yi)其将举,故且奠(dian)之於(wu)右也(ye)。

举觯者降。事已。

[疏]“举觯者降”。
  ○注“事已”。
  ○释(shi)曰:案《乡射》“举觯(zhi)者降(jiang)”后(hou)有大夫(fu),此不(bu)言者,大夫(fu)观礼(li)之人,或来或否,故(gu)不(bu)言也(ye)。

设席于堂(tang)廉(lian),东(dong)上。为(wei)工布席也。侧边(bian)曰廉(lian),《燕礼》曰:“席工於西(xi)阶上少东(dong),乐正(zheng)先(xian)升,北面。”此(ci)言(yan)乐正(zheng)先(xian)升,立于西(xi)阶东(dong),则工席在阶东(dong)。

[疏]“设席”至“东上”。
  ○注“为工”至“阶东”。
  ○释曰(yue):自(zi)此(ci)下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)“乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)告(gao)于(yu)宾乃(nai)降”,论主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)乐(le)宾之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)(da)判总为作乐(le),其中别(bie)有(you)(you)四节之(zhi)殊:有(you)(you)歌,有(you)(you)笙,有(you)(you)间,有(you)(you)合,次第不(bu)同也。案《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》“席(xi)工(gong)(gong)于(yu)西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)”,即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)先升(sheng)”,《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“席(xi)工(gong)(gong)于(yu)西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang),工(gong)(gong)六人(ren)四瑟”,始(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“小乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi)”,不(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe),《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)欢心,尚乐(le),故(gu)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)先升(sheng),《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)射(she),略於(wu)乐(le),故(gu)辨工(gong)(gong)数,乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi)也。若(ruo)然(ran),此(ci)主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)乐(le),不(bu)与燕同,而(er)(er)席(xi)工(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)辨工(gong)(gong)数,乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)升(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)臣礼(li)(li)(li)避初(chu)也。至(zhi)於(wu)《乡射(she)》亦(yi)应(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)射(she),略於(wu)乐(le),而(er)(er)不(bu)言(yan)工(gong)(gong)数,先云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),而(er)(er)不(bu)与《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》同者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)是避初(chu)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为工(gong)(gong)布席(xi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)《乡射(she)》、《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》、《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)》皆席(xi)工(gong)(gong)连言(yan),此(ci)不(bu)言(yan)席(xi)工(gong)(gong),文不(bu)具(ju)尔(er),故(gu)此(ci)为工(gong)(gong)布席(xi)。下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)入升(sheng),明此(ci)席(xi)也。引《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》者(zhe)(zhe),欲证(zheng)此(ci)席(xi)为工(gong)(gong),又(you)取此(ci)工(gong)(gong)席(xi)在(zai)西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong),以(yi)其此(ci)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)堂(tang)廉(lian)东(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang),不(bu)言(yan)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong),故(gu)取《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)少(shao)东(dong)(dong)(dong),乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又(you)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)西(xi)。此(ci)下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong),据乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)西(xi)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong),而(er)(er)立在(zai)工(gong)(gong)西(xi),则知工(gong)(gong)席(xi)更(geng)在(zai)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong)、北面可知。但此(ci)言(yan)近(jin)(jin)堂(tang)廉(lian),亦(yi)在(zai)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong),彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)阶(jie)(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong)亦(yi)近(jin)(jin)堂(tang)廉(lian)也。

工(gong)四人(ren),二瑟(se)(se),瑟(se)(se)先。相(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)二人(ren),皆左何瑟(se)(se),后首(shou),挎(kua)越(yue),内(nei)弦,右手相(xiang)(xiang)。四人(ren),大夫制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二瑟(se)(se),二人(ren)鼓瑟(se)(se),则二人(ren)歌(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。瑟(se)(se)先者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将入,序在前也(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)(xiang),扶(fu)工(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),众宾(bin)之(zhi)少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为之(zhi),每(mei)工(gong)一人(ren)。《乡射礼》曰“弟子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)如初(chu)入”,天子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)使视了者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡工(gong),瞽矇也(ye)(ye)(ye),故有扶(fu)之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。“师(shi)冕见,及(ji)阶,子(zi)曰:‘阶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’及(ji)席,子(zi)曰:‘席也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”固相(xiang)(xiang)师(shi)之(zhi)道。后首(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),变于(yu)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。挎(kua),持也(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)(xiang)瑟(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则为之(zhi)持瑟(se)(se)。其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)歌(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),徒相(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。越(yue),瑟(se)(se)下(xia)孔也(ye)(ye)(ye)。内(nei)弦,侧担之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。

[疏]“工四”至“手相”。
  ○注“四人”至“之者”。
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“四(si)人(ren)(ren),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此乡(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)饮酒而云(yun)(yun)四(si)人(ren)(ren),《大(da)(da)(da)(da)射》诸侯礼(li)(li)(li)而云(yun)(yun)六人(ren)(ren),故(gu)知(zhi)四(si)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》亦(yi)诸侯礼(li)(li)(li),而云(yun)(yun)四(si)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun):工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》轻,从(cong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《乡(xiang)射》是(shi)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州长(zhang),士(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)兼有(you)乡(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),以(yi)三物询(xun)众(zhong)庶行《射礼(li)(li)(li)》法,故(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)四(si)人(ren)(ren),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若然(ran),士(shi)当二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),天子(zi)当八人(ren)(ren),为(wei)(wei)差(cha)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)瑟(se),二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)鼓(gu)瑟(se),则二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)歌也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既云(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)人(ren)(ren)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)瑟(se),明(ming)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)鼓(gu)瑟(se)可(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),扶工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye),众(zhong)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《乡(xiang)射》云(yun)(yun):“乐(le)(le)正適西方,命(ming)弟(di)(di)子(zi)。”弟(di)(di)子(zi)则众(zhong)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“每(mei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《周礼(li)(li)(li)》瞽三百人(ren)(ren),又此经二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)瑟(se),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),皆左(zuo)何瑟(se)。又《大(da)(da)(da)(da)射》仆(pu)人(ren)(ren)正相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)师,以(yi)诸文言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)知(zhi)每(mei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一人(ren)(ren)。若然(ran),此经工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)人(ren)(ren),二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)瑟(se),相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),则工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)。歌虽(sui)不言(yan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)可(ke)知(zhi)。以(yi)空(kong)手无(wu)(wu)(wu)事,故(gu)不言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《乡(xiang)射礼(li)(li)(li)》曰弟(di)(di)子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)如初入(ru)(ru)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)谓(wei)将射,乐(le)(le)正命(ming)弟(di)(di)子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)乐(le)(le)於(wu)(wu)下,降时如初入(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)第,亦(yi)瑟(se)先歌后,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证弟(di)(di)子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。天子(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)使眡(di)了为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《周礼(li)(li)(li)·眡(di)瞭职》云(yun)(yun)“凡乐(le)(le)事相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)瞽”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“凡工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),瞽矇也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun):无(wu)(wu)(wu)目眹(zhen)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瞽,有(you)目眹(zhen)而无(wu)(wu)(wu)见(jian)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矇,有(you)目无(wu)(wu)(wu)眸予(yu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瞍,故(gu)《诗·大(da)(da)(da)(da)雅》云(yun)(yun)“矇瞍奏工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。引《论语》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证瞽人(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)目,须扶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)师,即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),无(wu)(wu)(wu)目矇瞽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“后首(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),变於(wu)(wu)君也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《燕礼(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun):“小臣左(zuo)何瑟(se),面(mian)(mian)鼓(gu)。”注云(yun)(yun):“燕尚(shang)(shang)乐(le)(le),可(ke)鼓(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在前也(ye)(ye)。”此《乡(xiang)饮酒》亦(yi)尚(shang)(shang)乐(le)(le),而不面(mian)(mian)鼓(gu),是(shi)变於(wu)(wu)君也(ye)(ye)。案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)射》主於(wu)(wu)射,略(lve)於(wu)(wu)乐(le)(le),《乡(xiang)射》亦(yi)应主於(wu)(wu)射,略(lve)於(wu)(wu)乐(le)(le),所(suo)以(yi)面(mian)(mian)鼓(gu),亦(yi)是(shi)变於(wu)(wu)君也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“挎,持也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),瑟(se)底有(you)孔越,以(yi)指深入(ru)(ru)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挎也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)歌者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),徒(tu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),徒(tu),空(kong)也(ye)(ye),无(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)荷空(kong),以(yi)右手相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),以(yi)经不言(yan)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“内弦(xian),侧担之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,以(yi)左(zuo)於(wu)(wu)外(wai),侧担之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使弦(xian)向内也(ye)(ye)。

乐正先升,立于西阶东(dong)。正,长(zhang)也(ye)。

[疏]“乐正”至“阶东”。
  ○注“正长也”。
  ○释曰(yue):案《周礼》有大(da)司乐(le)(le)、乐(le)(le)师,天子(zi)之官(guan)。此乐(le)(le)正者,诸侯及大(da)夫(fu)、士(shi)之官(guan),当天子(zi)大(da)司乐(le)(le)。言先升,对后升。云“长(zhang)”,乐(le)(le)官(guan)之长(zhang)也(ye)。

工入(ru),升(sheng)自西阶。北面(mian)坐。相者东面(mian)坐,遂授瑟,乃降。降立于(yu)西方,近其事。

[疏]“工入”至“乃降”。
  ○注“降立”至“其事”。
  ○释曰:工(gong)(gong)入升,不言歌瑟(se)先后,案(an)上文已云(yun)瑟(se)先其(qi)歌可知也。郑知“降立(li)於西方(fang),近(jin)其(qi)事”者,《乡射》云(yun):“乐(le)正適西方(fang),命弟子赞工(gong)(gong)迁乐(le)。”故知西方(fang)是近(jin)其(qi)事也。

工歌《鹿鸣(ming)》、《四(si)牡》、《皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)华》。三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)皆《小雅》篇也(ye)。《鹿鸣(ming)》,君与(yu)臣下及(ji)四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)燕,讲道修(xiu)政之(zhi)(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。此采其(qi)己(ji)有(you)旨酒,以(yi)召嘉宾(bin),嘉宾(bin)既来(lai),示我以(yi)善道。又乐嘉宾(bin)有(you)孔昭之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)德,可则效也(ye)。《四(si)牡》,君劳(lao)使臣之(zhi)(zhi)来(lai)乐歌也(ye)。此采其(qi)勤苦王(wang)事,念将(jiang)父母,怀归(gui)伤悲,忠孝之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi),以(yi)劳(lao)宾(bin)也(ye)。《皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)华》,君遣使臣之(zhi)(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。此采其(qi)更(geng)是劳(lao)苦,自(zi)以(yi)为不及(ji),欲谘谋于贤知而以(yi)自(zi)光明(ming)也(ye)。

[疏]“工歌”至“者华”。
  ○注“三者”至“光明”。
  ○释曰:凡歌(ge)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,皆(jie)歌(ge)其(qi)(qi)类。此时贡贤能(neng),拟为(wei)卿大夫,或(huo)为(wei)君(jun)所燕(yan)(yan)食,以(yi)(yi)《鹿鸣(ming)》诗(shi)也(ye);或(huo)为(wei)君(jun)出聘,以(yi)(yi)《皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)》诗(shi)也(ye);或(huo)使(shi)(shi)反为(wei)君(jun)劳来,以(yi)(yi)《四牡(mu)》诗(shi)也(ye)。故宾(bin)(bin)贤能(neng)而预歌(ge)此三篇,使(shi)(shi)习之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)《小(xiao)雅》篇也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)诗(shi)见於(wu)《小(xiao)雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《鹿鸣(ming)》,君(jun)与臣下及四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)(bin)燕(yan)(yan),讲道修政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐歌(ge)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自此已下,郑皆(jie)先引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)序(xu)》於(wu)上(shang),复引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)经》於(wu)下,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)子夏作序(xu),所以(yi)(yi)序(xu)述(shu)经意,故郑并引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。案(an)(an)《鹿鸣(ming)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“《鹿鸣(ming)》,燕(yan)(yan)群臣嘉(jia)(jia)宾(bin)(bin)也(ye)。”然(ran)后(hou)群臣嘉(jia)(jia)宾(bin)(bin)得尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),还依序(xu)而言也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此采其(qi)(qi)己有旨(zhi)酒,以(yi)(yi)召嘉(jia)(jia)宾(bin)(bin),嘉(jia)(jia)宾(bin)(bin)既(ji)来,示我以(yi)(yi)善道”至(zhi)“可则效也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)彼经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“我有旨(zhi)酒,以(yi)(yi)燕(yan)(yan)乐嘉(jia)(jia)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“示我周行”,“德音(yin)孔(kong)昭,视民(min)不恌,是则是效”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。《四牡(mu)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“劳使(shi)(shi)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来也(ye)。”经云(yun)(yun)(yun):“王事(shi)靡(mi)盬,我心伤悲(bei)”,“岂不怀归”,“将母来谂(shen)。”《皇(huang)皇(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“君(jun)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)臣也(ye)。”经云(yun)(yun)(yun):“於(wu)彼原(yuan)隰,駪(shen)駪(shen)征夫,每怀靡(mi)及”,“周爰谘谋”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故郑依而引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)证也(ye)。

卒歌,主人献工。工左瑟,一(yi)人拜,不(bu)兴,受爵。主人阼阶(jie)上拜送爵。一(yi)人,工之(zhi)长(zhang)也。凡工贱(jian),不(bu)为之(zhi)洗(xi)。

[疏]“卒歌”至“送爵”。
  ○注“一人”至“之洗”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“一人(ren),工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)长也(ye)”者,谓(wei)就四人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)内为(wei)首者也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)工(gong)贱,不(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)洗”者,下大(da)师为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)洗,是君赐者为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)洗,明(ming)自(zi)外不(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)洗也(ye)。案此《乡(xiang)(xiang)饮酒》及《燕礼(li)(li)》同是主(zhu)(zhu)欢心尚乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故有升歌(ge)笙(sheng)閒(xian)(xian)合(he)乐(le),及其(qi)献(xian)工(gong)献(xian)笙(sheng)后閒(xian)(xian)合(he)不(bu)献(xian),以知二节自(zi)前(qian)已得献(xian),故不(bu)复重献(xian)。《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)射(she),略於(wu)(wu)(wu)乐(le),无笙(sheng)閒(xian)(xian),唯有合(he)乐(le),笙(sheng)工(gong)并为(wei),至终总(zong)献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)。《大(da)射(she)》亦主(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)射(she),略於(wu)(wu)(wu)乐(le),但不(bu)閒(xian)(xian)歌(ge),不(bu)合(he)乐(le),故有升歌(ge),《鹿鸣》三(san)终,主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)献(xian)工(gong),乃后下管新宫,不(bu)复得献(xian),此君礼(li)(li)异於(wu)(wu)(wu)《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》也(ye)。若《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》与《大(da)射(she)》同略於(wu)(wu)(wu)乐(le),《大(da)射(she)》不(bu)略升歌(ge)而略笙(sheng)閒(xian)(xian)合(he)者,《二南(nan)》是乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)正,《小雅》是诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)正,郑注《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)》云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)略合(he)乐(le)”者,不(bu)可略其(qi)正。诸侯(hou)不(bu)略《鹿鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)等,义(yi)亦然也(ye)。

荐(jian)脯醢,使(shi)人相(xiang)祭(ji)(ji)。使(shi)人相(xiang)者(zhe),相(xiang)其祭(ji)(ji)酒、祭(ji)(ji)荐(jian)。

[疏]“荐脯醢使人相祭”。
  ○注“使人”至“祭荐”。
  ○释曰:知“使(shi)(shi)人相(xiang)祭(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),以相(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)扶工之(zhi)人,每事使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)指(zhi)授,故知还(hai)使(shi)(shi)相(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)为之(zhi)。知“祭(ji)酒、荐(jian)祭(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其云(yun)献荐(jian)脯(fu)醢(hai)即云(yun)相(xiang)祭(ji),知相(xiang)其祭(ji)酒祭(ji)荐(jian)也(ye)。

工饮,不拜既爵(jue),授主人爵(jue)。坐授之。

[疏]注“坐授之”。
  ○释曰(yue):知(zhi)“坐(zuo)授之”者,以经不云(yun)“兴”,故知(zhi)坐(zuo)授之也。

众(zhong)工则不拜,受爵(jue),祭饮,辩有脯醢,不祭。祭饮,献酒(jiu)重,无不祭也。今文辩为遍。

[疏]“众工”至“不祭”。
  ○注“祭饮”至“为遍”。
  ○释曰:言“献酒(jiu)重(zhong)(zhong),无(wu)不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),众工诸事皆不(bu)备(bei),尚祭(ji)(ji)饮(yin),则知得献酒(jiu)无(wu)有不(bu)祭(ji)(ji),故知献酒(jiu)重(zhong)(zhong)无(wu)不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其正酬亦祭(ji)(ji),至於旅酬以(yi)下(xia),则不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)而(er)已(yi)。故下(xia)记云(yun):“凡旅不(bu)洗(xi),不(bu)洗(xi)者(zhe),不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)。”郑注云(yun):“敬礼杀也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”不(bu)甚絜也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此众工亦不(bu)洗(xi)而(er)祭(ji)(ji),是以(yi)云(yun)献酒(jiu)重(zhong)(zhong)无(wu)不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

大师(shi),则为之(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi),宾、介降,主人辞降。工不(bu)辞洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。大夫若君赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)乐,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大师(shi),则为之(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi)(xi)(xi),尊之(zhi)(zhi)也。宾、介降,从(cong)主人也。工,大师(shi)也。上既言献工矣,乃言大师(shi)者,大师(shi)或瑟,或歌也。其(qi)献之(zhi)(zhi),瑟则先,歌则后。

[疏]“大师”至“辞洗”。
  ○注“大夫”至“则后”。
  ○释曰:天子诸侯(hou)有(you)常(chang)官(guan),则(ze)(ze)有(you)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)夫(fu)则(ze)(ze)无常(chang)官(guan),若君赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le),并(bing)乐(le)人(ren)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)亦谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),主(zhu)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi)。若然,工(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)无洗(xi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾,介降(jiang),从(cong)主(zhu)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)射(she)(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi),宾降(jiang)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)夫(fu)不(bu)降(jiang),尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此既(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)夫(fu)礼(li)(li),则(ze)(ze)有(you)大(da)(da)夫(fu)亦不(bu)降(jiang)可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“工(gong)(gong)(gong),大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既(ji)(ji)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洗(xi),而云(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)辞洗(xi),故(gu)知工(gong)(gong)(gong)即大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)《论(lun)语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冕见,孔(kong)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相”,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“相,扶工(gong)(gong)(gong)。”是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总称(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上既(ji)(ji)言(yan)(yan)献工(gong)(gong)(gong)矣(yi),乃言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)瑟(se),或(huo)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其前工(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)瑟(se)有(you)歌,后(hou)(hou)(hou)别(bie)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能瑟(se),或(huo)在(zai)瑟(se)中,若大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能歌,或(huo)在(zai)歌中,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)瑟(se)或(huo)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),瑟(se)则(ze)(ze)先(xian)(xian),歌则(ze)(ze)后(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其序(xu)入及升堂,皆瑟(se)先(xian)(xian)歌后(hou)(hou)(hou),其献法皆先(xian)(xian)瑟(se)后(hou)(hou)(hou)歌,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)知献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑟(se)先(xian)(xian)歌后(hou)(hou)(hou),随大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所在(zai),以(yi)次献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《燕礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“卒歌,主(zhu)人(ren)洗(xi)升,献工(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)兴,左(zuo)瑟(se),一(yi)人(ren)拜,受爵。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“左(zuo)瑟(se),便其右。一(yi)人(ren),工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《燕礼(li)(li)》诸侯(hou)礼(li)(li)有(you)常(chang)官(guan),不(bu)言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)《燕礼(li)(li)》主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣子,故(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)四人(ren),从(cong)大(da)(da)夫(fu)制,其大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入工(gong)(gong)(gong),不(bu)别(bie)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“主(zhu)人(ren)洗(xi)升,实(shi)爵,献工(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)兴,左(zuo)瑟(se)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无瑟(se),於是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)左(zuo)瑟(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),节也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)歌,亦先(xian)(xian)得献,与(yu)《燕》异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

笙入(ru)堂下,磬(qing)南(nan),北面(mian)立。乐(le)(le)(le)《南(nan)陔(gai)(gai)》、《白(bai)华(hua)》、《华(hua)黍(shu)》。笙,吹笙者也,以(yi)(yi)笙吹此(ci)(ci)诗以(yi)(yi)为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)也。《南(nan)陔(gai)(gai)》、《白(bai)华(hua)》、《华(hua)黍(shu)》,《小雅》篇也,今亡,其(qi)义未(wei)闻。昔周之兴也,周公制礼作乐(le)(le)(le),采时(shi)世之诗以(yi)(yi)为(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)歌,所以(yi)(yi)通情,相风切也,其(qi)有此(ci)(ci)篇明(ming)矣。后(hou)世衰微,幽(you)、厉尤甚,礼乐(le)(le)(le)之书,稍稍废弃。孔子曰:“吾自卫反鲁,然后(hou)乐(le)(le)(le)正(zheng),《雅》、《颂》各得(de)其(qi)所。”谓当时(shi)在者而复重(zhong)杂乱者也,恶能存(cun)其(qi)亡者乎?且正(zheng)考父校商之名颂十二篇于周大师(shi),归以(yi)(yi)祀其(qi)先(xian)王。至孔子二百(bai)年之閒,五(wu)篇而已,此(ci)(ci)其(qi)信也。

[疏]“笙入”至“华黍”。
  ○释曰:此升歌讫得献,乃始入也。云“磬南,北面”者,磬既南面,其南当有击磬者在磬南、北面,而云笙入磬南北面者,在磬者之南北面也。
  ○注“笙吹”至“信也”。
  ○释曰(yue):言“《小雅》篇(pian)(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),今(jin)序仍在(zai)(zai)《鱼丽》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,是(shi)(shi)《小雅》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“今(jin)亡,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)未闻(wen)”者(zhe),案(an)诗(shi)(shi)《鱼丽》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下见子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)序,序此(ci)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)。案(an)彼(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)序云(yun)“《南陔》,孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)相戒以(yi)养也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白华》,孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絜白也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《华黍》,时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和岁丰,宜黍稷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)已上是(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)序,文则(ze)云(yun)“有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)而(er)亡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)”者(zhe),此(ci)是(shi)(shi)毛(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)续序。云(yun)有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi),指子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)序有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);云(yun)而(er)亡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)者(zhe),谓《诗(shi)(shi)》辞(ci)亡矣(yi)(yi)。若然,彼(bi)亡辞(ci),此(ci)亡义(yi)(yi),与此(ci)义(yi)(yi)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“昔周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴也(ye)(ye)(ye),周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)制(zhi)礼作乐”至“明(ming)矣(yi)(yi)”者(zhe),欲明(ming)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)制(zhi)此(ci)《仪(yi)礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),有此(ci)三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“后世衰微,幽(you)、厉(li)(li)尤甚”者(zhe),《礼运》云(yun):孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):我观(guan)周(zhou)道,幽(you)厉(li)(li)伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾舍鲁(lu)何適。是(shi)(shi)幽(you)厉(li)(li)尤甚者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书稍(shao)(shao)稍(shao)(shao)废(fei)弃(qi)者(zhe),自幽(you)、厉(li)(li)已后,稍(shao)(shao)稍(shao)(shao)更加废(fei)弃(qi),此(ci)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)下至“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)信”者(zhe),欲明(ming)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)前,言亡三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《南陔》注(zhu)云(yun):“孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)论《诗(shi)(shi)》,《雅》、《颂》各(ge)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo),时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俱(ju)在(zai)(zai)耳。篇(pian)(pian)第当在(zai)(zai)於此(ci),时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遭战(zhan)国(guo)及秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世而(er)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)则(ze)与众篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)合编,故(gu)存。至毛(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)为诂训(xun)传,乃(nai)分众篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),各(ge)置於其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)端。”彼(bi)《诗(shi)(shi)》郑(zheng)注(zhu)又与此(ci)不同(tong)者(zhe),郑(zheng)君注(zhu)《礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),未见《毛(mao)(mao)传》,以(yi)为此(ci)篇(pian)(pian)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)前亡。注(zhu)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),既见《毛(mao)(mao)传》,以(yi)为孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)后失(shi)。必知(zhi)战(zhan)国(guo)及秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世者(zhe),以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)作序,具(ju)序三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《诗(shi)(shi)》见在(zai)(zai),毛(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亡其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci),故(gu)知(zhi)当战(zhan)国(guo)及秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

主人(ren)(ren)献之于(yu)西阶上(shang)。一人(ren)(ren)拜,尽阶,不升(sheng)堂(tang),受(shou)爵(jue)(jue),主人(ren)(ren)拜送爵(jue)(jue)。阶前坐祭,立饮,不拜既爵(jue)(jue),升(sheng)授主人(ren)(ren)爵(jue)(jue)。一人(ren)(ren),笙(sheng)之长者也。笙(sheng)三人(ren)(ren),和一人(ren)(ren),凡四(si)人(ren)(ren)。《乡射(she)礼》曰:“笙(sheng)一人(ren)(ren)拜于(yu)下。”

[疏]“主人”至“人爵”。
  ○注“一人”至“於下”。
  ○辞曰:自此(ci)至“不祭”,论献(xian)笙(sheng)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)事。云(yun)(yun)“一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拜”者(zhe),谓在(zai)地拜,乃(nai)尽阶,不升堂受爵(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),笙(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),笙(sheng)者(zhe)四人(ren)(ren)(ren),今(jin)言一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)受爵(jue),明据为(wei)首长(zhang)者(zhe)而言也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“笙(sheng)三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren),和(he)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),凡四人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),案《乡(xiang)射》记云(yun)(yun):“三(san)笙(sheng)一(yi)和(he)而成声。”注:“三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)吹笙(sheng),一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)吹和(he),凡四人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”《尔雅》曰“笙(sheng)小者(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)和(he)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《乡(xiang)射礼》曰:笙(sheng)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拜于下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe),即(ji)此(ci)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拜者(zhe),亦在(zai)堂下(xia)(xia)可知。但献(xian)工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)时,拜送在(zai)西阶东(dong),以工(gong)在(zai)阶东(dong)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)主人(ren)(ren)(ren)拜送笙(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)时,在(zai)西阶上(shang),以其笙(sheng)在(zai)阶下(xia)(xia),故(gu)不同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

众(zhong)笙(sheng)则(ze)不拜,受(shou)爵,坐祭,立(li)饮,辩有脯醢,不祭。亦受(shou)爵于西阶上,荐之者於其(qi)位,磬南。今文辩为遍。

[疏]“众笙”至“不祭”。
  ○注“亦受”至“为遍”。
  ○释曰:众笙除一人之外,二(er)人者(zhe)不(bu)备礼,故(gu)亦受爵於西阶上者(zhe),与一人同(tong)也。云“荐(jian)之皆(jie)於其(qi)位,磬(qing)(qing)南(nan)(nan)”者(zhe),依前笙入,立于(yu)磬(qing)(qing)南(nan)(nan)之处,是其(qi)类也。

乃閒(xian)(xian)歌《鱼丽》,笙(sheng)《由庚》;歌《南(nan)有嘉鱼》,笙(sheng)《崇丘》;歌《南(nan)山有台》,笙(sheng)《由仪》。閒(xian)(xian),代也(ye),谓(wei)一歌则(ze)一吹(chui)。六者(zhe)皆《小雅(ya)》篇也(ye)。《鱼丽》,言大平年丰物多(duo)(duo)也(ye)。此采(cai)其物多(duo)(duo)酒旨,所以优宾也(ye)。《南(nan)有嘉鱼》,言大平君子有酒乐(le)(le)与贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)共之也(ye)。此采(cai)其能以礼(li)下贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe),贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)累(lei)蔓而归之,与之燕乐(le)(le)也(ye)。《南(nan)山有台》,言大平之治以贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)为(wei)本(ben)。此采(cai)其爱(ai)友贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe),为(wei)邦家之基,民之父母,既欲其身之寿考,又欲其名(ming)德之长也(ye)。《由庚》、《崇丘》、《由仪》,今亡,其义未闻。

[疏]“乃閒”至“由仪”。
  ○释曰:此一经堂下吹笙,堂上升歌,閒代而作,故谓之“乃閒”也。
  ○注“閒代”至“未闻”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“谓一歌则一吹(chui)(chui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓堂(tang)上(shang)歌《鱼丽》终,堂(tang)下笙(sheng)中吹(chui)(chui)《由(you)庚》续(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)下皆然(ran)。此(ci)《鱼丽》、《南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)嘉(jia)鱼》、《南(nan)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)台》,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)见(jian)(jian)在(zai)。云(yun)(yun)“六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆《小雅(ya)》篇(pian)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)编在(zai)《小雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),故知之(zhi)(zhi)。见(jian)(jian)在(zai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑君(jun)(jun)(jun)亦(yi)先引其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)序(xu),后(hou)引其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)。案《鱼丽》序(xu)云(yun)(yun):“《鱼丽》,美万(wan)(wan)物盛多也。”诗(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)有(you)(you)(you)酒(jiu),旨且多。”《南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)嘉(jia)鱼》序(xu)云(yun)(yun):“大(da)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)至诚,乐(le)(le)(le)与贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)共之(zhi)(zhi)也。”诗(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)有(you)(you)(you)酒(jiu),嘉(jia)宾式燕以(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)。”《南(nan)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)台》序(xu)云(yun)(yun):“乐(le)(le)(le)得(de)贤(xian)也。得(de)贤(xian)则能为邦(bang)家立大(da)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)基矣。”诗(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun):“乐(le)(le)(le)只君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi),邦(bang)家之(zhi)(zhi)基。”又云(yun)(yun):“乐(le)(le)(le)只君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi),民之(zhi)(zhi)父母,遐不眉寿”是也。此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郑君(jun)(jun)(jun)所言义(yi)意。云(yun)(yun)“《由(you)庚》、《崇(chong)丘(qiu)》、《由(you)仪》,今(jin)亡(wang)(wang)(wang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)未闻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《诗(shi)(shi)》序(xu)云(yun)(yun):“《由(you)庚》,万(wan)(wan)物得(de)由(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道也。《崇(chong)丘(qiu)》,万(wan)(wan)物得(de)极其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高大(da)也。《由(you)仪》,万(wan)(wan)物之(zhi)(zhi)生,各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)也。”“有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)而亡(wang)(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞”,此(ci)毛公续(xu)序(xu),义(yi)与《南(nan)陔》、《白(bai)华(hua)》、《华(hua)黍(shu)》同。堂(tang)上(shang)歌者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不亡(wang)(wang)(wang),堂(tang)下笙(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即亡(wang)(wang)(wang),盖(gai)当时方以(yi)类聚,笙(sheng)歌之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi),各自(zi)一处,故存者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)并存,亡(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)并亡(wang)(wang)(wang)也。

乃合(he)(he)乐(le),《周(zhou)(zhou)南》:《关雎(ju)》、《葛覃》、《卷耳》,《召(zhao)(zhao)南》:《鹊巢(chao)》、《采(cai)蘩》、《采(cai)蘋(pin)》合(he)(he)乐(le),谓(wei)歌(ge)(ge)乐(le)与(yu)众声(sheng)俱作。《周(zhou)(zhou)南》、《召(zhao)(zhao)南》,《国(guo)风(feng)(feng)》篇(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王后(hou)(hou)、国(guo)君夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)房中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)歌(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《关雎(ju)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德,《葛覃》言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),《卷耳》言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),《鹊巢(chao)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)君夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德,《采(cai)蘩》言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)君夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)不失职(zhi),《采(cai)蘋(pin)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻能修(xiu)其法度。昔大(da)(da)王、王季居于(yu)岐(qi)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳,躬行《召(zhao)(zhao)南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,以兴王业。及文(wen)王而行《周(zhou)(zhou)南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,以受命。《大(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》云:“刑于(yu)寡妻,至(zhi)于(yu)兄(xiong)弟,以御于(yu)家邦。”谓(wei)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其始一国(guo)耳,文(wen)王作邑(yi)于(yu)丰,以故地为卿士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)地,乃分(fen)为二国(guo)。周(zhou)(zhou),周(zhou)(zhou)公所(suo)食;召(zhao)(zhao),召(zhao)(zhao)公所(suo)食。於时(shi)文(wen)王三分(fen)天(tian)下有其二,德化(hua)被于(yu)南土,是以其诗有仁贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)者(zhe),属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《召(zhao)(zhao)南》焉;有圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)者(zhe),属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《周(zhou)(zhou)南》焉。夫(fu)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),生民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),王政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端,此六(liu)篇(pian)者(zhe),其教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故国(guo)君与(yu)其臣下及四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾燕,用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乡(xiang)乐(le)者(zhe),风(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》为诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le),《大(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》、《颂》为天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)。《乡(xiang)饮酒》升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)《小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》,礼盛者(zhe)可以进(jin)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《燕》合(he)(he)乡(xiang)乐(le),礼轻者(zhe)可以逮下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春秋传》曰:《肆夏(xia)》、《繁遏》、《渠》,天(tian)子所(suo)以享元侯(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《文(wen)王》、《大(da)(da)明》、《绵(mian)》,两(liang)君相见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则诸(zhu)侯(hou)相与(yu)燕,升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)《大(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》,合(he)(he)《小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》。天(tian)子与(yu)次国(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君燕亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)大(da)(da)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君燕,升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)《颂》,合(he)(he)《大(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)》。其笙(sheng)閒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)未闻。

[疏]“乃合”至“采蘋”。
  ○注“合乐”至“未闻”。
  ○释曰(yue):此(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)论堂(tang)上(shang)元(yuan)缺一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)众(zhong)(zhong)声俱合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)众(zhong)(zhong)声俱作”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)堂(tang)上(shang)有歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)瑟(se),堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有笙(sheng)磬(qing),合(he)(he)奏(zou)此(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)众(zhong)(zhong)声俱作。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》,《国(guo)(guo)风(feng)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《论语(yu)》注《国(guo)(guo)风(feng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首篇(pian)(pian)(pian),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)“十五国(guo)(guo)风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)首”,义可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》记云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弦(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)锺磬(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),后、夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所讽诵以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既名房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)锺鼓(gu)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)、卿、大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)锺鼓(gu)。妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)锺鼓(gu),则(ze)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《关雎》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)“修(xiu)其(qi)(qi)法度”,《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)即(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后妃,《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》三(san)(san)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)则(ze)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)虽同(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua),《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)前(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)称王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称后也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昔大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)居(ju)于(yu)岐山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《鲁颂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),实维大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),居(ju)岐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)豳徙居(ju)岐阳(yang)(yang)(yang)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)居(ju)於(wu)岐阳(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji),大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),继大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居(ju)岐阳(yang)(yang)(yang),至(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)(shi)居(ju)于(yu)丰(feng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“躬行(xing)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)得(de)(de)鸑鷟鸣于(yu)岐,又实始(shi)(shi)翦(jian)商(shang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)又纂我祖考,是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)行(xing)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)徙居(ju)丰(feng),得(de)(de)赤雀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)注《乡(xiang)射(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“昔大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)(shi)居(ju)岐山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)。”彼兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)。知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《羔羊(yang)》诗(shi)(shi)(shi)序云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),化(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。”《摽有梅(mei)》序云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo),被文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)。”此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)兼(jian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)徙丰(feng),受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,专行(xing)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刑于(yu)寡妻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)·思齐》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)施化(hua)(hua),自(zi)近(jin)及(ji)远,自(zi)微至(zhi)(zhi)著(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)始(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自(zi)豳迁于(yu)岐山,周(zhou)(zhou)原膴(hu)々,过(guo)百里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见(jian)徙居(ju)于(yu)丰(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后,二(er)分(fen)(fen)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)国(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)与二(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)作邑于(yu)丰(feng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)地为卿士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采地,乃分(fen)(fen)为二(er)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所食;召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所食”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)二(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)身为三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),下(xia)(xia)(xia)兼(jian)卿士(shi),即(ji)上(shang)采地一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见(jian)采地得(de)(de)称周(zhou)(zhou)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)时(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有其(qi)(qi)二(er),德(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)被于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)土”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见(jian)周(zhou)(zhou)、召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)皆称南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)有仁贤(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》序云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“《关雎》、《麟趾(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”必将《二(er)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》系(xi)此(ci)(ci)二(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)风(feng),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)称王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)系(xi)於(wu)二(er)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫(fu)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,生民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)(yu)见(jian)合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),作此(ci)(ci)六篇(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)与其(qi)(qi)臣下(xia)(xia)(xia)及(ji)四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),风(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》记云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“遂合(he)(he)乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)《乡(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)酒》、《乡(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)》所作也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《小(xiao)雅(ya)》为诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)》、《颂》为天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《肆(si)(si)夏》、《繁遏(e)》、《渠(qu)(qu)(qu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《乡(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)酒》升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《小(xiao)雅(ya)》,礼(li)(li)(li)盛(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)进取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)《乡(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)酒》为飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)(li)(li),升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》,进取诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)(li)(li)盛(sheng),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)进取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》合(he)(he)乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),礼(li)(li)(li)轻(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逮(dai)(dai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),逮(dai)(dai),及(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》轻(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逮(dai)(dai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)君(jun)(jun)据(ju)(ju)《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),其(qi)(qi)实飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),穆叔如(ru)晋(jin),晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san),是(shi)(shi)(shi)与《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》同(tong)(tong)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran),《小(xiao)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乡(xiang)或(huo)进取,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逮(dai)(dai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逮(dai)(dai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四年《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“穆叔如(ru)晋(jin),晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),金奏(zou)《肆(si)(si)夏》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san),不(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)。工歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san),又不(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)。歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san),三(san)(san)拜(bai)。韩(han)献子(zi)(zi)(zi)使行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)(zi)(zi)员问(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)舍(she)其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da),而(er)(er)重拜(bai)其(qi)(qi)细,敢(gan)(gan)问(wen)(wen)(wen)何礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?穆叔对曰(yue):《三(san)(san)夏》,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),使臣弗敢(gan)(gan)与闻。《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)》,两君(jun)(jun)相(xiang)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)(gan)及(ji)。《鹿鸣》,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)嘉寡君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),敢(gan)(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)嘉?”引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证《肆(si)(si)夏》、《繁遏(e)》、《渠(qu)(qu)(qu)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)《颂》,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。案《锺师(shi)》杜(du)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)注引(yin)(yin)吕叔玉(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“《肆(si)(si)夏》,时(shi)迈也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《繁遏(e)》,执竞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《渠(qu)(qu)(qu)》,思文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)君(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名《颂》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此(ci)(ci)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)载在乐(le)(le)(le)(le)章,乐(le)(le)(le)(le)崩亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)从而(er)(er)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《颂》不(bu)(bu)(bu)能具是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)则(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)相(xiang)与燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)》,合(he)(he)《小(xiao)雅(ya)》。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与次国(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《颂》,合(he)(he)《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)约穆叔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《肆(si)(si)夏》、《繁遏(e)》、《渠(qu)(qu)(qu)》天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou),《肆(si)(si)夏》、《繁遏(e)》、《渠(qu)(qu)(qu)》则(ze)《颂》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou),大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),遏(e)取卑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)节(jie),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《颂》,合(he)(he)《大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)自(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)依此(ci)(ci)。案《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)谱(pu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)群臣及(ji)聘问(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾,皆歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》,合(he)(he)乡(xiang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)相(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),与大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《国(guo)(guo)语(yu)》及(ji)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欲(yu)(yu)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。向来所言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),皆据(ju)(ju)升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)合(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有此(ci)(ci)尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),若纳(na)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与五等(deng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)同(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)《肆(si)(si)夏》,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)》纳(na)宾用(yong)(yong)《肆(si)(si)夏》。《礼(li)(li)(li)记·郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏(zou)《肆(si)(si)夏》,由赵文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)同(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)笙(sheng)閒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)未(wei)闻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)酒礼(li)(li)(li)》笙(sheng)閒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)前(qian)(qian)与升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)同(tong)(tong)在《小(xiao)雅(ya)》,则(ze)知元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)及(ji)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)相(xiang)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),笙(sheng)閒亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)升(sheng)(sheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)矣。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未(wei)闻知,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)如(ru)《由庚》、《由仪(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)名未(wei)闻。

工告于乐(le)正(zheng)曰:“正(zheng)歌(ge)备(bei)。”乐(le)正(zheng)告于宾,乃降(jiang)。乐(le)正(zheng)降(jiang)者(zhe),以正(zheng)歌(ge)备(bei),无事也。降(jiang)立(li)西(xi)阶东,北(bei)面。

[疏]“工告”至“乃降”。
  ○注“乐正”至“北面”。
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):郑知“降立西(xi)阶(jie)东,北(bei)(bei)面”者,以其(qi)堂(tang)上时在西(xi)阶(jie)之东,北(bei)(bei)面,知降堂(tang)下(xia)亦然。在笙磬之西(xi),亦得监堂(tang)下(xia)之乐(le),故知位在此也。此《乡(xiang)饮酒》及(ji)《乡(xiang)射(she)》大(da)夫礼(li)卑,无(wu)大(da)师,故工告(gao)乐(le)备。国(guo)君礼(li)备,有大(da)师告(gao)乐(le)备。《大(da)射(she)》不告(gao)乐(le)备者,是礼(li)主於射(she),略於乐(le)故也。

主人降席自南方,不(bu)由北方,由便。

[疏]“主人降席自南方”。
  ○注“不由北方由便”。
  ○释曰:自(zi)此至“退立于觯南(nan)”,论立司正之(zhi)事。云(yun)“不从北方(fang)(fang),由(you)(you)便(bian)”者(zhe),主人之(zhi)席南(nan)上,升由(you)(you)下,降(jiang)由(you)(you)上,是(shi)其常而言(yan)。不从北方(fang)(fang)由(you)(you)便(bian)者(zhe),解礼(li),故所以升由(you)(you)下,降(jiang)由(you)(you)上者(zhe),是(shi)由(you)(you)便(bian)也。

侧降。宾、介不从。

[疏]“侧降”。
  ○注“宾介不从”。
  ○释曰:侧者(zhe),特也(ye)。宾、介不(bu)从(cong)(cong),故言(yan)侧。上(shang)来主人降(jiang),宾、介皆从(cong)(cong)降(jiang),此独不(bu)从(cong)(cong)者(zhe),以其方燕,礼杀故也(ye)。

作相为司(si)正。司(si)正礼(li)辞,许(xu)(xu)诺(nuo)。主人拜(bai),司(si)正答拜(bai)。作,使也。礼(li)乐之正既成,将留宾,为有解惰,立司(si)正以监之。拜(bai),拜(bai)其(qi)许(xu)(xu)。

[疏]“作相为司正”。
  ○注“作使至其许”。
  ○释曰:上经云一(yi)相迎(ying)子(zi)门外(wai),今将燕使(shi)为司正,监察宾主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故使(shi)相为司正也。云“礼(li)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正既成”者,谓主人与宾行献酢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),是礼(li)成也。升歌笙閒,合乐(le)三终,是乐(le)成也。故郑总(zong)言礼(li)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正既成也。

主人(ren)升,复(fu)席。司正洗觯,升自(zi)西阶(jie),阼阶(jie)上北面受命(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)主人(ren)。主人(ren)曰:“请安于(yu)(yu)(yu)宾(bin)(bin)。”司正告于(yu)(yu)(yu)宾(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)礼(li)辞,许。为宾(bin)(bin)欲(yu)去,留(liu)之,告宾(bin)(bin)於西阶(jie)。

[疏]“主人”至“辞许”。
  ○注“为宾”至“西阶”。
  ○释曰(yue):此(ci)司正(zheng)升(sheng)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),適阼阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)上,案《乡射(she)》云(yun)司正(zheng)“升(sheng)自(zi)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),由楹内(nei)(nei)適阼阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)上,北面(mian)”,彼此(ci)同。此(ci)不言由楹内(nei)(nei)者,省(sheng)文也。云(yun)“告宾於西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”者,《乡射(she)》云(yun)司正(zheng)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)上,故知(zhi)也。

司(si)正告于主人(ren),主人(ren)阼阶上(shang)(shang)再(zai)拜(bai)(bai),宾西阶上(shang)(shang)答拜(bai)(bai)。司(si)正立(li)于楹閒(xian)以(yi)(yi)相拜(bai)(bai),皆揖,复席。再(zai)拜(bai)(bai),拜(bai)(bai)宾许也。司(si)正既(ji)以(yi)(yi)宾许告主人(ren),遂(sui)立(li)楹閒(xian)以(yi)(yi)相拜(bai)(bai)。宾、主人(ren)既(ji)拜(bai)(bai),揖就席。

[疏]“司正”至“复席”。
  ○注“再拜”至“就席”。
  ○释曰:凡相(xiang)(xiang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe),当在(zai)宾(bin)主(zhu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)前。今相(xiang)(xiang)见,云在(zai)宾(bin)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)下者(zhe),以经云“司(si)正告(gao)(gao)于主(zhu)人(ren)”,因即(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)宾(bin),宾(bin)即(ji)答(da)拜(bai)(bai)(bai),文理切,不得先(xian)言相(xiang)(xiang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai),故退之在(zai)下,其(qi)实相(xiang)(xiang)时在(zai)宾(bin)主(zhu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)前,是(shi)(shi)以《乡射》云:“司(si)正告(gao)(gao)于主(zhu)人(ren),遂立楹(ying)閒以相(xiang)(xiang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai),主(zhu)人(ren)阼(zuo)阶上(shang)再拜(bai)(bai)(bai),宾(bin)西阶上(shang)答(da)再拜(bai)(bai)(bai)。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)在(zai)前也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“主(zhu)、宾(bin)既拜(bai)(bai)(bai),揖(yi)就席(xi)”者(zhe),以《乡射》宾(bin)主(zhu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)讫(qi),即(ji)揖(yi)就席(xi)故也(ye)(ye)(ye),知此亦(yi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

司正实(shi)觯(zhi),降自西阶,阶閒北面坐奠(dian)觯(zhi),退(tui)共,少(shao)立。阶閒北面,东西节(jie)也。其(qi)南北当(dang)中庭。共,拱手也。少(shao)立,自正,慎其(qi)位也。己帅而正,孰(shu)敢不正。《燕(yan)礼(li)》曰:“右还北面。”

[疏]“司正”至“少立”。
  ○注“阶閒”至“北面”。
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阶(jie)閒北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian),东(dong)西(xi)(xi)节(jie)也(ye)”者,阶(jie)閒谓两(liang)阶(jie)之閒,东(dong)西(xi)(xi)等是东(dong)西(xi)(xi)节(jie)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其南北(bei)(bei)(bei)当中(zhong)(zhong)庭(ting)”者,案《乡射》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“司正实觯,降自(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)庭(ting),北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)坐奠觯。”此(ci)经虽不(bu)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)庭(ting),宜与彼同(tong),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)庭(ting)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“己帅(shuai)而正,孰(shu)敢不(bu)正”者,此(ci)是《论语》孔子(zi)语季康子(zi)之言(yan)也(ye)。彼言(yan)子(zi)帅(shuai),指季康子(zi)为子(zi);此(ci)言(yan)己帅(shuai),指司正为己,欲(yu)见司正退也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“共,拱手也(ye)。少立(li),自(zi)(zi)正,慎其位(wei)也(ye)”者,欲(yu)见令宾主亦(yi)皆(jie)正,慎其位(wei)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《燕礼》曰:右还(hai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)”者,《燕礼》司正降自(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie),又还(hai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian),取(qu)不(bu)背其君。此(ci)亦(yi)降自(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)阶(jie),亦(yi)右还(hai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian),取(qu)不(bu)背大夫也(ye),故引以为证也(ye)。

坐取(qu)觯(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)祭,遂饮,卒觯(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing),坐奠(dian)觯(zhi)(zhi),遂拜,执(zhi)觯(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing),盥洗(xi)(xi),北面坐奠(dian)觯(zhi)(zhi)于其所(suo),退(tui)立(li)于觯(zhi)(zhi)南。洗(xi)(xi)觯(zhi)(zhi)奠(dian)之,示(shi)絜敬。立(li)於其南以察众(zhong)。

[疏]“坐取”至“觯南”。
  ○注“洗觯”至“察众”。
  ○释曰:执觯(zhi)兴洗北面者,案《乡射(she)》、《大射(she)礼(li)》皆(jie)直云取觯(zhi)洗,南面反奠(dian)於其所,不云盥(guan),此(ci)(ci)俗本有盥(guan)者,误。又此(ci)(ci)文及《乡射(she)》奠(dian)空觯(zhi),皆(jie)位南,北面奠(dian)之。《燕礼(li)》、《大射(she)》皆(jie)南面奠(dian)之者,以国君礼(li)盛、仪多故也。

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