卷三(san)十二 丧服第十一(yi)
適妇。適妇,適子之妻。
[疏]注“適妇適子之妻”。
○释曰:疏於孙,故(gu)次之。其(qi)(qi)妇从夫,而(er)服其(qi)(qi)舅姑期(qi),其(qi)(qi)舅姑从子,而(er)服其(qi)(qi)妇大功,降一等者也。
传曰(yue):何以大功也?不降其適(shi)也。妇言適(shi)者,从(cong)夫名。
[疏]释曰(yue):此(ci)传问者,以其(qi)適(shi)(shi)庶之子,其(qi)妻等是妇(fu)(fu)而为庶妇(fu)(fu)小(xiao)功,特为適(shi)(shi)妇(fu)(fu)服大功,故(gu)发问也(ye),答“不降(jiang)其(qi)適(shi)(shi)”故(gu)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,父(fu)母为適(shi)(shi)长(zhang)三年,今为適(shi)(shi)妇(fu)(fu)不降(jiang)一等服期者,长(zhang)子本(ben)为正体(ti)於上,故(gu)加至三年。妇(fu)(fu)直是適(shi)(shi)子之妻,无正体(ti)之义,故(gu)直加於庶妇(fu)(fu)一等,大功而已。
女(nv)子(zi)子(zi)適人(ren)者为众昆弟(di)。父(fu)在则同(tong),父(fu)没,乃(nai)为父(fu)后者服(fu)期也。
[疏]释曰:前云(yun)姑姊(zi)妹女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)出適,在(zai)章首者,情重故。至此(ci),女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)反为(wei)(wei)昆(kun)弟在(zai)此(ci)者,抑(yi)之,欲使厚於夫(fu)氏,故次(ci)在(zai)此(ci)也。为(wei)(wei)本亲,降一(yi)等是(shi)其常,故无传(chuan)也。云(yun)“父没(mei)乃为(wei)(wei)父后者服(fu)期也”者,《不杖章》所(suo)云(yun)是(shi)也。
侄丈(zhang)夫妇人,报。为侄男女服同。
[疏]注“为侄男女服同”。
○释曰:侄(zhi)卑於(wu)昆弟,故次之(zhi)。不言(yan)(yan)男子(zi)、女(nv)子(zi),而言(yan)(yan)丈夫、妇人者,姑与(yu)侄(zhi)在室(shi)出(chu)嫁(jia)同以侄(zhi)女(nv)言(yan)(yan)男人,见嫁(jia)出(chu),因此谓(wei)侄(zhi)男为(wei)丈夫,亦见长大(da)之(zhi)称,是以郑还(hai)以男女(nv)解(jie)之(zhi)。
传曰:侄(zhi)者何也(ye)?谓(wei)吾(wu)姑(gu)者吾(wu)谓(wei)之侄(zhi)。
[疏(shu)]释曰:云“谓(wei)吾(wu)姑(gu)者吾(wu)谓(wei)之侄(zhi)(zhi)”者,名(ming)唯对姑(gu)生(sheng)称。若对世(shi)叔,唯得(de)言昆弟之子,不得(de)侄(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也。
夫之祖(zu)父母(mu)(mu)、世父母(mu)(mu)、叔父母(mu)(mu)。
[疏(shu)]释曰:以(yi)其义服,故(gu)次在此(ci)。记云为夫(fu)之兄弟降一(yi)等,此(ci)皆(jie)夫(fu)之期,故(gu)妻(qi)为之大功也。
传曰:何(he)以大(da)功也(ye)?从服也(ye)。夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆弟(di)何(he)以无服也(ye)?其夫属(shu)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)父道者,妻(qi)皆母(mu)道也(ye)。其夫属(shu)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)子(zi)(zi)道者,妻(qi)皆妇(fu)(fu)道也(ye)。谓弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)妇(fu)(fu)者,是(shi)嫂亦(yi)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)?故(gu)名(ming)者,人(ren)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者也(ye),可无慎(shen)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)?道犹行(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。言妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)弃姓(xing),无常秩,嫁於(wu)父行(xing)(xing)(xing),则为(wei)(wei)母(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing),嫁於(wu)子(zi)(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing),则为(wei)(wei)妇(fu)(fu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。谓弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)为(wei)(wei)妇(fu)(fu)者,卑远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)。嫂者,尊(zun)严之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,是(shi)嫂亦(yi)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)?言不(bu)可。嫂犹叟也(ye),叟,老人(ren)称也(ye)。是(shi)为(wei)(wei)序(xu)(xu)男女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别尔。若(ruo)己(ji)以母(mu)妇(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服服兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi),兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)以舅子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服服己(ji),则是(shi)乱昭穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)也(ye)。治(zhi)(zhi)犹理(li)也(ye)。父母(mu)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)夫妇(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),人(ren)伦(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者,可不(bu)慎(shen)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)?《大(da)传》曰:同姓(xing)从宗合(he)族属(shu),异姓(xing)主名(ming)治(zhi)(zhi)际会(hui)。名(ming)著而(er)男女(nv)(nv)有(you)别。
[疏]“传曰”至“慎乎”。
○释曰:问者,怪无骨肉之亲而重服大功,故致问也。答“从服也”,从夫而服,故大功也。若然,夫之祖父母、世父母为此妻著何服也。案下《緦麻章》云妇为“夫之诸祖父母报”,郑注谓“夫所服小功”者,则此夫所服期,不报限。王肃以为父为众子期,妻小功,为兄弟之子期,其妻亦小功,以其兄弟之子犹子。引而进之,进同己子,明妻同可知。“夫之昆弟何以无服”已下,总论兄弟之妻不为夫之兄弟服,夫之兄弟不为兄弟妻服之事。云“其夫属乎父道者,妻皆母道也。其夫属乎子道者,妻皆妇道也”,此二者尊卑之叙,并依昭穆相为服,即此经“为夫之世叔父母服”是也。云“谓弟之妻妇者,是嫂亦可谓之母乎”者,此二者欲论不著服之事。若著服,则相亲,近于淫乱,故不著服。推而远之,远乎淫乱,故无服也。又云“名者,人治之大者也,可无慎乎”者,欲明母之与妇本是路人,今来嫁于父子之行,则生母妇之名,既名母妇,即有服,有服则相尊敬,远于淫乱者也。是母妇之名,人理之大,可不慎乎?当慎之。若然,兄弟之妻,本无母妇之名,名兄妻为嫂者,尊严之称,名弟妻为妇,与子妻同号者,推而远之,下同子妻也。是兄弟妻既无母妇之名,今名为嫂妇者,假作此号,使远于淫乱,故不相为服也。
○注“道犹”至“有别”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“谓弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe),卑远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe),使下同子(zi)(zi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),则(ze)本(ben)无妇(fu)(fu)(fu)名(ming)(ming),假与子(zi)(zi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“嫂者(zhe)尊严之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,是(shi)(shi)嫂亦可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)乎”者(zhe),此因弟(di)(di)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)妇(fu)(fu)(fu),以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)斯问(wen),言不(bu)(bu)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“嫂犹叟(sou)(sou)也(ye)(ye)(ye),叟(sou)(sou),老人(ren)(ren)称也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),叟(sou)(sou)有两号:若孔注(zhu)《尚书》“西(xi)蜀叟(sou)(sou)”,叟(sou)(sou)是(shi)(shi)顽愚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶称;若《左氏传(chuan)》云(yun)“赵叟(sou)(sou)在(zai)后(hou)”,叟(sou)(sou)是(shi)(shi)老人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善名(ming)(ming)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)嫂,嫂妇(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老,称故云(yun)老人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。云(yun)“是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)序男女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)尔”者(zhe),谓不(bu)(bu)名(ming)(ming)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu),是(shi)(shi)次序昭(zhao)穆(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“若己以(yi)(yi)母(mu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)舅子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)己,则(ze)是(shi)(shi)乱昭(zhao)穆(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此解不(bu)(bu)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,何者(zhe)?以(yi)(yi)弟(di)(di)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)妇(fu)(fu)(fu),即(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu),而(er)以(yi)(yi)母(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),又以(yi)(yi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)弟(di)(di)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),又使妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)舅服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong),又使兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)子(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)己夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)(di),则(ze)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)反为(wei)(wei)(wei)父子(zi)(zi),乱昭(zhao)穆(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次序,故不(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故圣人(ren)(ren)深塞乱源,使兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)无母(mu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)相为(wei)(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《大传(chuan)》者(zhe),云(yun)“同姓(xing)从宗合族属(shu)”者(zhe),谓大宗子(zi)(zi)同是(shi)(shi)正姓(xing),姬姜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)属(shu)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye),合聚族人(ren)(ren)於(wu)宗子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,在(zai)堂上行食(shi)燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,即(ji)(ji)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)姓(xing)而(er)弗别(bie)(bie),缀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)食(shi)而(er)弗殊是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)“异(yi)姓(xing)主名(ming)(ming)治际会”者(zhe),主名(ming)(ming)谓母(mu)与妇(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)。治,正也(ye)(ye)(ye)。际,接(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)母(mu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)正接(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会聚,则(ze)宗子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)燕族人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)房是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“名(ming)(ming)著而(er)男女(nv)有别(bie)(bie)”者(zhe),谓母(mu)妇(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)明著,则(ze)男女(nv)各有分(fen)别(bie)(bie)而(er)无淫(yin)乱也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大夫为世父(fu)母、叔父(fu)母、子(zi)、昆弟、昆弟之(zhi)子(zi)为士者。子(zi),谓(wei)庶子(zi)。
[疏]注“子谓庶子”。
○释曰:大(da)夫为(wei)此八者(zhe)(zhe)本期,今以为(wei)士,故降至大(da)功(gong),亦为(wei)重出(chu)此文(wen),故次在(zai)此也。云(yun)“子谓(wei)庶(shu)(shu)子”者(zhe)(zhe),若长子在(zai)《斩章》,故谓(wei)庶(shu)(shu)子也。
传曰:何以大功也?尊(zun)(zun)不同也。尊(zun)(zun)同,则得(de)服其亲(qin)服。尊(zun)(zun)同,谓(wei)亦(yi)为(wei)大夫者。亲(qin)服,期。
[疏]注“尊同”至“服期”。
○释曰:尊(zun)(zun)同(tong)(tong)谓亦为大(da)(da)夫者,经言大(da)(da)夫为之,明尊(zun)(zun)同(tong)(tong),是亦为大(da)(da)夫也。云“亲服期(qi)”者,此八者并见《期(qi)章》是也。
公之庶(shu)(shu)昆(kun)弟、大(da)夫(fu)之庶(shu)(shu)子为母(mu)、妻、昆(kun)弟。公之庶(shu)(shu)昆(kun)弟,则父(fu)卒也。大(da)夫(fu)之庶(shu)(shu)子,则父(fu)在也。其或为母(mu),谓妾子也。
[疏]释曰:云“公之庶昆弟大夫之庶子”者,此二人各自为母、妻,为昆弟服大功。此并受厌降,卑於自降,故次在自降人之下。
○注“公之”至“子也”。
○释曰:若云(yun)公子,是父(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。今(jin)继兄(xiong)而言(yan)昆(kun)弟(di),故知父(fu)卒(zu)也(ye)。又公子父(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)为(wei)母(mu)(mu)、妻(qi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)五服之外,今(jin)服大(da)功(gong),故知父(fu)卒(zu)也(ye)。云(yun)“大(da)夫(fu)之庶子则(ze)父(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)”者,以其(qi)继父(fu)而言(yan)。又大(da)夫(fu)卒(zu),子为(wei)母(mu)(mu)、妻(qi)得伸,今(jin)但大(da)功(gong),故知父(fu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)。云(yun)“其(qi)或(huo)为(wei)母(mu)(mu),谓妾子也(ye)”者,以其(qi)为(wei)妻(qi)、昆(kun)弟(di),其(qi)礼并同,又於適妻(qi),皆大(da)夫(fu)自不(bu)降,其(qi)子皆得伸,今(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)功(gong),明(ming)妾子自为(wei)己母(mu)(mu)也(ye)。
传(chuan)曰:何以大功也(ye)(ye)?先君馀尊之所厌,不(bu)(bu)得过大功也(ye)(ye)。大夫之庶子,则从乎大夫而(er)降(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。父之所不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),子亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)敢降(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。言从乎大夫而(er)降(jiang)(jiang),则於父卒如国(guo)人也(ye)(ye)。昆弟,庶昆弟也(ye)(ye)。旧读昆弟在下,其(qi)於厌降(jiang)(jiang)之义,宜蒙此传(chuan)也(ye)(ye),是以上而(er)同之。父所不(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),谓(wei)適(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“传曰”至“降也”。
○释曰:问者,怪此等皆合重服期,今大功,故发问也。答云“先君馀尊之所厌不得过大功也”者,此直答公之庶昆弟,以其公在为母、妻厌,在五服外,公卒犹为馀尊之所厌,不得过大功。其大夫之子,据父在有厌,从於大夫,降一等,大夫若卒,则得伸,无馀尊之厌也。云“父之所不降,子亦不敢降也”者,此传云而降,遂言不降者也,此传虽文承大夫下,亦兼解公之昆弟,未悉公为何人。不降弟,公不降,子亦不降,与大夫同也。
○注“言从”至“適也”。
○释曰:以大夫(fu)尊,少身在(zai)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)一等(deng),身没其(qi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)则(ze)得伸,如国人(ren)也(ye)。云“昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di),庶(shu)(shu)(shu)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),若適(shi),则(ze)在(zai)父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)所不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)中,故知庶(shu)(shu)(shu)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)也(ye)。云“旧(jiu)读昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)在(zai)下(xia),其(qi)於厌(yan)(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),宜蒙(meng)(meng)此(ci)传(chuan)也(ye),是(shi)以上(shang)(shang)而同之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),言旧(jiu)读,谓(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)君以前马(ma)融之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),以“昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)”二字抽之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)传(chuan)下(xia),今皆易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)。郑(zheng)检(jian)经(jing)义(yi),昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)乃是(shi)公之(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di),大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)所为者(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)以尊降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi),则(ze)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)亦厌(yan)(yan)而为昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)大功。是(shi)知宜蒙(meng)(meng)此(ci)传(chuan),则(ze)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)二字当在(zai)传(chuan)上(shang)(shang),与母妻宜蒙(meng)(meng)此(ci)传(chuan),同为厌(yan)(yan)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),不得如旧(jiu)读也(ye)。云“父(fu)(fu)所不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)谓(wei)(wei)適(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),不指不降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),而云谓(wei)(wei)適(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)適(shi)中非一,谓(wei)(wei)父(fu)(fu)为適(shi)妻、適(shi)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)皆是(shi)也(ye)。
皆为其从父昆弟之为大(da)夫者。皆者,言(yan)其互(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)为服,尊同则不相(xiang)(xiang)降(jiang)。其为士者,降(jiang)在小功,適子为之,亦如(ru)之。
[疏]注“皆者”至“如之”。
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)文承(cheng)上公之(zhi)(zhi)庶昆弟(di),大夫之(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)下,则是上二人为此(ci)(ci)从(cong)(cong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)为大夫者,以其(qi)二人为父(fu)(fu)(fu)所厌降(jiang)(jiang)亲(qin),今此(ci)(ci)从(cong)(cong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)昆弟(di)为大夫,故此(ci)(ci)二人不降(jiang)(jiang),而服大功,依(yi)本服也(ye)。言“皆”者,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“互(hu)相为服”者,以彼此(ci)(ci)相为同,是从(cong)(cong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)昆弟(di)相为著服,故云(yun)(yun)皆,互(hu)相见之(zhi)(zhi)义故也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其(qi)为士者降(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)小功”者,降(jiang)(jiang)亦(yi)等故也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“適(shi)(shi)子(zi)为之(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)”者,虽適(shi)(shi)不降(jiang)(jiang),同故也(ye)。
为夫(fu)之昆弟之妇(fu)人子(zi)適(shi)人者。妇(fu)人子(zi)者,女子(zi)子(zi)也。不言女子(zi)子(zi)者,因出(chu),见(jian)恩疏。
[疏]注“妇人”至“恩疏”。
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)亦重出,故次从父昆弟下。此(ci)(ci)谓世叔母为之服,在家期,出嫁大(da)功(gong)。云“不言(yan)女子(zi)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),因(yin)出,见(jian)恩疏”者(zhe)(zhe),女在家室之名,是亲也(ye),妇(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)事人(ren)之称(cheng),是见(jian)疏也(ye)。今不言(yan)女与(yu)母,而言(yan)夫之昆弟与(yu)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),是因(yin)出,见(jian)恩疏故也(ye)。
大夫之妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之庶子。下传(chuan)曰:“何以大功也(ye)?妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之党服,得与女君(jun)(jun)同。”指为(wei)(wei)此(ci)也(ye)。妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之长子亦(yi)(yi)三年,自为(wei)(wei)其(qi)子期,异(yi)於女君(jun)(jun)也(ye)。士之妾(qie),为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)之众子亦(yi)(yi)期。
[疏]注“下传”至“亦期”。
○释曰:妾(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi),轻於为(wei)夫之(zhi)(zhi)昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv),故(gu)次之(zhi)(zhi)。引下(xia)(xia)(xia)传(chuan)曰“何以大功(gong)也(ye)(ye)?妾(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)党服(fu)得(de)(de)与女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)同(tong),指为(wei)此(ci)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼传(chuan)为(wei)此(ci)经而作(zuo),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)指为(wei)此(ci)。在下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),郑彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)烂在下(xia)(xia)(xia)尔故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“妾(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)长子(zi)(zi)亦三年(nian)”者(zhe)(zhe),妾(qie)(qie)从(cong)女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)服(fu),得(de)(de)与女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)同(tong),故(gu)亦同(tong)女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)三年(nian)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)为(wei)其子(zi)(zi)期(qi)(qi),异於女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)从(cong)夫降,其庶子(zi)(zi)大功(gong),夫不厌妾(qie)(qie),故(gu)自(zi)服(fu)其子(zi)(zi)期(qi)(qi),是异於女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士之(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)子(zi)(zi)亦期(qi)(qi)”,谓亦得(de)(de)与女(nv)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)期(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe),亦是与己子(zi)(zi)同(tong)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
女子子嫁(jia)者、未嫁(jia)者为世(shi)父(fu)母、叔(shu)父(fu)母、姑、姊妹。旧读合大(da)夫(fu)之妾为君之庶(shu)子、女子子嫁(jia)者、未嫁(jia)者,言大(da)夫(fu)之妾为此三人之服也(ye)。
[疏]注“旧读”至“服也”。
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)是(shi)女子子逆(ni)降(jiang)旁亲,又是(shi)重出(chu),故(gu)(gu)次(ci)之(zhi)於此(ci)(ci)。知逆(ni)降(jiang)者,此(ci)(ci)经云嫁者为(wei)世(shi)父已(yi)下出(chu)降(jiang)大(da)功(gong),自是(shi)常法。更言未嫁者,亦为(wei)世(shi)父已(yi)下,非(fei)(fei)未嫁逆(ni)降(jiang),如何?云“旧读合(he)大(da)夫之(zhi)妾为(wei)君之(zhi)庶(shu)子、女子子嫁者未嫁者,言大(da)夫之(zhi)妾为(wei)此(ci)(ci)三人之(zhi)服也”者,此(ci)(ci)马融之(zhi)辈旧读如此(ci)(ci),郑以此(ci)(ci)为(wei)非(fei)(fei),故(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)下注(zhu)破之(zhi)也。
传曰(yue):嫁(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe),其嫁(jia)(jia)於大夫者(zhe)(zhe)也。未(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)人而(er)未(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)也。何以(yi)大功也?妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)之党(dang)服(fu)(fu)(fu),得与女(nv)(nv)君(jun)同。下言(yan)为(wei)(wei)世父母、叔父母、姑、姊妹者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)妾(qie)自服(fu)(fu)(fu)其私亲(qin)也。此不辞,即实为(wei)(wei)妾(qie)遂自服(fu)(fu)(fu)其私亲(qin),当言(yan)其以(yi)明(ming)之。《齐衰三月(yue)章》曰(yue):“女(nv)(nv)子子嫁(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)、未(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)曾祖父母。”经与此同,足以(yi)明(ming)之矣。传所云“何以(yi)大功也?妾(qie)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)之党(dang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)得与女(nv)(nv)君(jun)同”,文(wen)烂(lan)在下尔(er)。女(nv)(nv)子子成(cheng)(cheng)人者(zhe)(zhe),有出道(dao),降旁(pang)亲(qin),及将出者(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)当及时也。
[疏]释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)於大(da)夫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依(yi)郑为(wei)世(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)巳下(xia)(xia)(xia)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)本服(fu)(fu)(fu)皆期(qi),未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),服(fu)(fu)(fu)大(da)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“何以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党服(fu)(fu)(fu)得(de)与(yu)女(nv)(nv)君(jun)同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)传当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang),“大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”下(xia)(xia)(xia),烂脱(tuo),误在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)。但“下(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)”二(er)(er)(er)字(zi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)“者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)自(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)私(si)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”九字(zi)总十(shi)一字(zi),既(ji)非(fei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏自(zi)著,又(you)非(fei)旧读者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)安,是(shi)(shi)谁置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?今(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi),必是(shi)(shi)郑君(jun)置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑君(jun)欲(yu)分别旧读者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如此(ci)(ci)意趣,然后(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)注破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)不(bu)辞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓此(ci)(ci)分别文(wen)句(ju),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)解(jie)义(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“即实为(wei)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)遂自(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)私(si)亲(qin)(qin)(qin),当(dang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)郑欲(yu)就(jiu)旧章读破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案《不(bu)杖(zhang)期(qi)章》云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)適人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母昆(kun)弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)(ye)(ye),又(you)云(yun)(yun)“公妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)士妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母自(zi)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)”,皆言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)私(si)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)。今(jin)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)非(fei)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)私(si)亲(qin)(qin)(qin),一人(ren)(ren)逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang),一人(ren)(ren)合降(jiang)(jiang),不(bu)得(de)合云(yun)(yun)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)等(deng)逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)引《齐衰三(san)月章》曰(yue)“女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)曾(ceng)祖父(fu)(fu)(fu)母,经(jing)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)同,足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)曾(ceng)祖是(shi)(shi)正尊,虽出(chu)(chu)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),亦不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)。此(ci)(ci)则为(wei)旁亲(qin)(qin)(qin),虽未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),亦逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang)。圣人(ren)(ren)作文(wen),是(shi)(shi)同足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)七(qi)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)上(shang)(shang)同君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)为(wei)世(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),为(wei)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)自(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)私(si)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“传所云(yun)(yun)何以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党服(fu)(fu)(fu)得(de)与(yu)女(nv)(nv)君(jun)同,文(wen)烂在(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)传为(wei)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妾(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)发(fa),应(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),“君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)简札韦编烂断,后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)错(cuo)置於下(xia)(xia)(xia),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)旧读将为(wei)本在(zai)(zai)(zai)於此(ci)(ci),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)遂误也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)出(chu)(chu)道,降(jiang)(jiang)旁亲(qin)(qin)(qin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)郑依(yi)经(jing)正解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)降(jiang)(jiang)旁亲(qin)(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)常,而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)未(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),亦降(jiang)(jiang)旁亲(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)十(shi)五已后(hou)(hou)许嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)笄(ji),为(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren),有(you)出(chu)(chu)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)虽未(wei)(wei)(wei)出(chu)(chu),即逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang)世(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)旁亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)将出(chu)(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)(ming)当(dang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)年(nian)十(shi)九,后(hou)(hou)年(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月,冠于娶(qu)妻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,其(qi)(qi)(qi)女(nv)(nv)当(dang)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),今(jin)年(nian)遭此(ci)(ci)世(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,若依(yi)本服(fu)(fu)(fu)期(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),过后(hou)(hou)二(er)(er)(er)月,不(bu)得(de)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时逆(ni)降(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)功(gong)(gong),大(da)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末可以(yi)(yi)(yi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则於二(er)(er)(er)月得(de)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时而(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)当(dang)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大(da)夫、大(da)夫之妻(qi)、大(da)夫之子(zi)(zi)、公之昆弟为姑(gu)、姊妹、女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)於大(da)夫者(zhe)。君(jun)为姑(gu)、姊妹、女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)於国君(jun)者(zhe)。
[疏(shu)]释曰(yue):此(ci)等姑姊(zi)已下(xia),应(ying)降(jiang)(jiang)而不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),又兼重出(chu)其文,故次(ci)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)也。此(ci)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)、大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)(qi)、大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公之昆(kun)弟,四等人(ren)尊(zun)卑同(tong),皆(jie)降(jiang)(jiang)旁亲(qin)。姑姊(zi)已下(xia)一等,大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong),又以出(chu)降(jiang)(jiang),当小功(gong)(gong)(gong)。但嫁(jia)(jia)於大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),尊(zun)同(tong),无尊(zun)降(jiang)(jiang),直有(you)出(chu)降(jiang)(jiang),故皆(jie)大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)也。但大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)命(ming)妇,若(ruo)夫(fu)(fu)之姑、姊(zi)妹(mei)在(zai)(zai)室及嫁(jia)(jia),皆(jie)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)。若(ruo)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)妻(qi)(qi),又降(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)緦麻。假令彼姑、姊(zi)妹(mei)亦为(wei)(wei)命(ming)妇,唯小功(gong)(gong)(gong)耳。今得在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)科中(zhong)者,此(ci)谓(wei)命(ming)妇为(wei)(wei)本亲(qin),姑姊(zi)妹(mei)已之女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),因大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)姑姊(zi)妹(mei)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),寄(ji)文於夫(fu)(fu)与(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)姑姊(zi)妹(mei)之中(zhong),不(bu)烦别(bie)见也。云“君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)姑姊(zi)妹(mei)女子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)(jia)於国(guo)君(jun)(jun)者”,国(guo)君(jun)(jun)绝期已下(xia),今为(wei)(wei)尊(zun)同(tong),故亦不(bu)降(jiang)(jiang),依嫁(jia)(jia)服大(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。
传曰:何(he)以(yi)大(da)功也(ye)?尊(zun)同也(ye)。尊(zun)同则得(de)服(fu)(fu)其亲服(fu)(fu)。诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)称公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祢(mi)先(xian)君(jun)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)称公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祖(zu)诸(zhu)侯。此自(zi)卑(bei)别(bie)於尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。若公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)有封(feng)为(wei)国君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则世世祖(zu)是人也(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祖(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi),此自(zi)尊(zun)别(bie)於卑(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。是故始封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)诸(zhu)父昆弟,封(feng)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)诸(zhu)父而臣(chen)昆弟。封(feng)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)尽臣(chen)诸(zhu)父昆弟。故君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)服(fu)(fu),子(zi)(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)也(ye)。君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu),子(zi)(zi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)服(fu)(fu)也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祢(mi)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祖(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)立其庙(miao)而祭之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。卿大(da)夫以(yi)下,祭其祖(zu)祢(mi),则世世祖(zu)是人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祖(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),后世为(wei)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祖(zu)此受(shou)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)祀别(bie)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)若在高祖(zu)以(yi)下,则如其亲服(fu)(fu),后世迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi),乃毁其庙(miao)尔。因国君(jun)以(yi)尊(zun)降其亲,故终说此义云。
[疏]“传曰”至“不敢服也”。
○释曰:云“何以大功也”,问者,以诸侯绝旁服,则大夫降一等,今此大功,故发问也。答曰云“尊同也,尊同则得服其亲服”者,大夫与诸侯所以亦为服者,各自以为尊同,故服之也。若然,大夫之下则云命妇、大夫之子,国君之下不云夫人,世子亦同国君,不降可知。云“诸侯之子称公子”已下,因尊同,遂广说尊不同之义也。但诸侯之子,適適相承象贤,而旁支庶已下,并为诸侯,所绝不得称诸侯子,变名公子。案《檀弓》注云:“庶子言公,卑远之。”是以子与孙皆言公,见疏远之义故也。云“此自卑别於尊者也”者,谓適既立庙,支庶子孙不立庙,是自卑别於尊者也。云“若公子之子孙有封为国君者”,谓若《周礼·典命》云公八命,卿六命,大夫四命,其出封皆如一等。是公之子孙,或为天子臣,出封为五等诸侯,是公子有封为国君之事。云“则世世祖是人也,不祖公子,此自尊别於卑者也”者,谓后世将此始封之君,世世祖是人也,不祖公子,谓不复祀别子也。云“是故始封之君不臣诸父昆弟”者,以其初升为君,诸父是祖之一体,又是父之一体,其昆弟既是父之一体,又是己之一体,故不臣此二者,仍为之著服也。云“封君之子不臣诸父而臣昆弟”者,以其诸父尊,故未得臣,仍为之服。昆弟卑,故臣之不为之服,亦既不臣,当服本服期。其不臣者,为君所服当服斩,以其与诸侯为兄弟者,虽在外国,犹为君斩,不敢以轻服服至尊。明诸父昆弟虽不臣,亦不得以轻服服君,为之斩衰可知。云“封君之孙尽臣诸父昆弟”者,继世至孙,渐为贵重,故尽臣之。不言不降,而言不臣,君是绝宗之人,亲疏皆有臣道,故虽未臣,子孙终是为臣,故以臣言之。云“故君之所为服,子亦不敢不服也”者,此欲释臣与不臣,君之子与君同之义。云“君之所为服”者,谓君之所不臣者,君为之服者,子亦服之,故云“子亦不敢不服也”。云君之所不服子亦不敢服也者,然此谓君所臣之者,君不为之服,子亦不敢服之,以其子从父升降故也。
○注“不得”至“义云”。
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祢(mi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)恐人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祢(mi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),令卑(bei)(bei)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)将为(wei)祢(mi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),名(ming)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)已(yi)在(zai),適(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),旁支庶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)(bing)立(li)(li)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi),郑(zheng)言此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙若(ruo)(ruo)立(li)(li)为(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)三庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao);若(ruo)(ruo)作上士,得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)二庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao);若(ruo)(ruo)作中士,得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)一庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),并(bing)(bing)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi)先(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun),当立(li)(li)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙并(bing)(bing)是别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi),若(ruo)(ruo)鲁桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)名(ming)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),后(hou)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)庆父(fu)(fu),叔牙、季(ji)友等谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)并(bing)(bing)为(wei)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祢(mi)先(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),庆父(fu)(fu)等虽为(wei)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),未有(you)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。至子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙已(yi)后(hou),乃(nai)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毁庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)二庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),次(ci)第则(ze)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)巳下(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi)”也(ye)。虽得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢(mi),但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祢(mi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)先(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“则(ze)世(shi)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)叠传(chuan)文也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“后(hou)世(shi)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)此(ci)(ci)受(shou)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祀别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)解(jie)(jie)义(yi)(yi)语,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)世(shi)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)此(ci)(ci)受(shou)封君(jun)(jun)(jun),解(jie)(jie)世(shi)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祀别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。解(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卑(bei)(bei),始封君(jun)(jun)(jun)尊(zun),是为(wei)自尊(zun)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)於卑(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)若(ruo)(ruo)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),则(ze)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin)服”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)解(jie)(jie)始封君(jun)(jun)(jun)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)与(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)巳下(xia)(xia)(xia)四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。今始封君(jun)(jun)(jun),后(hou)世(shi)乃(nai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毁其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)於此(ci)(ci)。始封君(jun)(jun)(jun)未有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),唯有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),则(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)入四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)若(ruo)(ruo)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)则(ze)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin)。如其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin),谓(wei)(wei)自祢(mi)已(yi)上,至高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)立(li)(li)四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。云(yun)(yun)“后(hou)世(shi)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)毁其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)尔(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)始封君(jun)(jun)(jun)死,其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)(li),即以(yi)(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)为(wei)祢(mi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),前高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu),当迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又至四世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),始封君(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),父(fu)(fu)当迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,转为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),通四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)为(wei)五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),定(ding)制也(ye)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)后(hou)世(shi)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)毁其(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“因国君(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)降其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin),故(gu)终说(shuo)此(ci)(ci)义(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自诸臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),既非经语,而传(chuan)汎说(shuo)降与(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)终说(shuo)也(ye)。
繐衰裳、牡(mu)麻绖,既葬除之(zhi)者(zhe)。
[疏]释曰:此繐(hui)衰是诸侯之(zhi)臣为天(tian)(tian)子(zi),在大(da)(da)功(gong)下,小(xiao)功(gong)上者(zhe),以其天(tian)(tian)子(zi)七月葬,既葬除,故(gu)在大(da)(da)功(gong)九(jiu)月下,小(xiao)功(gong)五月上。又缕虽如(ru)小(xiao)功(gong)升数(shu),又少,故(gu)在小(xiao)功(gong)上也。此不(bu)言带屦(ju)者(zhe),以其传云“小(xiao)功(gong)之(zhi)繐(hui)也”,则带屦(ju)亦同小(xiao)功(gong)可知。
传曰:繐衰者(zhe)何?以(yi)小功(gong)之(zhi)繐也。治(zhi)其缕如小功(gong),而成布(bu)尊四升(sheng)半(ban)。细其缕者(zhe),以(yi)恩轻也。升(sheng)数少者(zhe),以(yi)服(fu)至也。凡布(bu)细而疏者(zhe)谓之(zhi)繐,今南阳有邓繐。
[疏]注“治其”至“邓繐”。
○释曰:传问(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正问(wen)(wen)缕(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)(cu)细(xi),不问(wen)(wen)升(sheng)数多(duo)少,故(gu)答云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)繐(hui)”也(ye)。若然,小功(gong)(gong)繐(hui)知据缕(lv)粗(cu)(cu)细(xi),非升(sheng)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下记人记出升(sheng)数,而(er)(er)“繐(hui)衰四(si)升(sheng)有半(ban)(ban)”,郑(zheng)彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“服(fu)在小功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲著其(qi)缕(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)精粗(cu)(cu)也(ye)。”故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)注亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治其(qi)缕(lv)如小功(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)成(cheng)布(bu)四(si)升(sheng)半(ban)(ban)也(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“细(xi)其(qi)缕(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)恩轻也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)大(da)夫(fu)是(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou),臣(chen)(chen)於天(tian)(tian)子为陪臣(chen)(chen),唯有聘问(wen)(wen)接见天(tian)(tian)子,天(tian)(tian)子礼之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)已(yi),故(gu)服(fu)此(ci)服(fu),是(shi)恩轻也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“升(sheng)数少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)服(fu)至(zhi)尊也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)为天(tian)(tian)子服(fu)至(zhi)尊,义服(fu)斩,缕(lv)加三升(sheng)半(ban)(ban),陪臣(chen)(chen)降(jiang)君,改服(fu)至(zhi)尊加一升(sheng),四(si)升(sheng)半(ban)(ban)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)布(bu)细(xi)而(er)(er)疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)繐(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)丧(sang)服(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)繐(hui),由繐(hui)而(er)(er)疏,若非丧(sang)服(fu),细(xi)而(er)(er)疏亦谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)繐(hui),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)”以(yi)总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“今南(nan)阳(yang)有邓繐(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)汉(han)时南(nan)阳(yang)郡邓氏造(zao)布(bu),有名繐(hui),言(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证凡(fan)布(bu)细(xi)而(er)(er)疏,即是(shi)繐(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)义。
诸侯之大夫为天子。
[疏(shu)]释(shi)曰:此经直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“大(da)夫(fu)”,则大(da)夫(fu)中(zhong)有孤(gu)卿,以其小聘使下大(da)夫(fu),大(da)聘或使孤(gu),或使卿也。故(gu)《大(da)行人(ren)》云(yun)(yun):诸侯(hou)之(zhi)孤(gu),以皮帛继子男。故(gu)知大(da)夫(fu)中(zhong)兼(jian)孤(gu)卿。
传曰:何以繐衰也(ye)(ye)?诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)大夫,以时接(jie)见(jian)乎天子。接(jie)犹会也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)大夫,以时会见(jian)於天子而服之(zhi),则其士庶民不服可(ke)知。
[疏]
○注“接犹”至“可知”。
○释曰(yue)(yue):传(chuan)问者(zhe)(zhe),怪其(qi)重,此既陪臣,何意服(fu)(fu)四升(sheng)半(ban)布,七(qi)月乃(nai)(nai)(nai)除。答云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以时(shi)(shi)接(jie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)乎天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)有恩(en),故服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“接(jie)犹会(hui)也(ye),诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以时(shi)(shi)会(hui)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)而服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《周礼(li)(li)·大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯》有“时(shi)(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)曰(yue)(yue)会(hui)”,彼(bi)诸(zhu)侯聘(pin)(pin)(pin)时(shi)(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)曰(yue)(yue)会(hui),无常期(qi)曰(yue)(yue)时(shi)(shi)会(hui)。此郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以时(shi)(shi)会(hui)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe),直据诸(zhu)侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),时(shi)(shi)复(fu)会(hui)其(qi)问覜天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)礼(li)(li),此即(ji)《周礼(li)(li)·大(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“时(shi)(shi)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)曰(yue)(yue)问,殷覜曰(yue)(yue)视。”郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“时(shi)(shi)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)者(zhe)(zhe),亦无常期(qi)。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)有事,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉。竟外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,既非(fei)朝(chao)岁,不(bu)敢(gan)渎为(wei)小礼(li)(li)。”是(shi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)有事乃(nai)(nai)(nai)遣大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)来(lai)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)。彼(bi)又注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“殷覜谓(wei)一(yi)服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁,以朝(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)少,诸(zhu)侯乃(nai)(nai)(nai)使(shi)卿(qing)以大(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)众聘(pin)(pin)(pin)焉。一(yi)服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)在元(yuan)年(nian)、七(qi)年(nian)、十一(yi)年(nian)。”此时(shi)(shi)唯有侯服(fu)(fu)一(yi)服(fu)(fu)朝(chao),故馀五(wu)服(fu)(fu)并使(shi)卿(qing)来(lai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)。此并是(shi)以时(shi)(shi)会(hui)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以礼(li)(li),皆有委积、飧饔、飨食燕与时(shi)(shi)赐,加恩(en)既深(shen),故诸(zhu)侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)报而服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则其(qi)士庶(shu)民(min)不(bu)服(fu)(fu)可(ke)知”者(zhe)(zhe),上文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶(shu)人为(wei)国君”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)畿内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)服(fu)(fu),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”即(ji)知畿外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)不(bu)服(fu)(fu)可(ke)知。今又言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),以畿外(wai)内民(min)庶(shu),於(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)有服(fu)(fu)无服(fu)(fu),无明文,今因(yin)畿外(wai)诸(zhu)侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)接(jie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),乃(nai)(nai)(nai)有服(fu)(fu),不(bu)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)无服(fu)(fu)。明民(min)庶(shu)不(bu)为(wei)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)可(ke)知,故重明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若然,诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士约(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)接(jie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)则无服(fu)(fu),明士不(bu)接(jie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)亦无服(fu)(fu)可(ke)知。其(qi)有士与卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)时(shi)(shi)作介者(zhe)(zhe),虽亦得礼(li)(li),介本副使(shi),不(bu)得天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)接(jie)见(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)亦不(bu)服(fu)(fu)可(ke)知。
小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)布衰裳、澡(zao)麻(ma)带绖(die)五月者。澡(zao)者,治去莩垢,不绝其本(ben)也。《小(xiao)(xiao)记》曰:“下(xia)殇小(xiao)(xiao)功(gong),带澡(zao)麻(ma),不绝其本(ben),屈而反以报之。”
[疏]“小功”至“月者”。
○释曰:此《殇小功章》在此者,本齐衰大功之亲,为殇降在小功,故在成人小功之上也。但言小功者,对大功是用功粗大,则小功是用功细小精密者也。自上以来,皆带在绖下,今此带在绖上者,以大功已上,绖、带有本,小功以下,断本。此殇小功中,有下殇,小功带不绝本,与大功同,故进带於绖上,倒文以见重,故与常例不同也。且上文多直见一绖包二,此别言带者,亦欲见带不绝本,与绖不同,故两见之也。又殇大功直言无受,不言月数,此直言月,不言无受者,圣人作经,欲互见为义。大功言无受,此亦无受,此言五月,彼则九月、七月可知。又且下章言“即葛”,此章不言即葛,亦是兼见,无受之义也。又不言布带与冠,文略也。不言屦者,当与下章同吉屦无絇也。
○注“澡者”至“报之”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“澡(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),治去莩(fu)垢”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓以(yi)枲(xi)麻,又治去莩(fu)垢,使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滑(hua)净(jing),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)入轻(qing)竟故(gu)也。引《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见下殇(shang)(shang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)中有(you)(you)本(ben),是齐衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,故(gu)特言下殇(shang)(shang)。若(ruo)大(da)功(gong)(gong)下殇(shang)(shang),则入緦麻,是以(yi)特据(ju)下殇(shang)(shang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“屈而(er)(er)(er)反(fan)以(yi)报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓先以(yi)一股麻不(bu)绝(jue)本(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)一条,展之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)绳。报,合也。以(yi)一头(tou)屈而(er)(er)(er)反(fan),乡(xiang)上合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃绞垂(chui)必(bi)屈而(er)(er)(er)反(fan)以(yi)合者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)故(gu)也。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此带(dai)亦不(bu)绝(jue)本(ben),屈而(er)(er)(er)反(fan)以(yi)报之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。若(ruo)然,此章亦有(you)(you)大(da)功(gong)(gong)长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang),在小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),未(wei)知(zhi)带(dai)得(de)与斩(zhan)衰下殇(shang)(shang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)同,不(bu)绝(jue)本(ben)不(bu)。案《服(fu)(fu)问》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)无(wu)变(bian)也”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“麻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)木者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),变(bian)三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葛”,彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)无(wu)变(bian),据(ju)成(cheng)人(ren)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)无(wu)变(bian),三(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葛有(you)(you)本(ben),得(de)变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则知(zhi)大(da)功(gong)(gong)殇(shang)(shang)长(zhang)中在小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),轻(qing)带(dai)无(wu)本(ben)也。以(yi)此而(er)(er)(er)言,经注专据(ju)齐斩(zhan)下殇(shang)(shang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)言,其(qi)(qi)中无(wu)有(you)(you)大(da)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)在小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)带(dai)麻绝(jue)本(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),似若(ruo)《斩(zhan)衰章》兼有(you)(you)义服(fu)(fu),传(chuan)直(zhi)言衰三(san)升(sheng),冠六(liu)升(sheng),不(bu)言义服(fu)(fu)衰三(san)升(sheng)半者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。若(ruo)然,姑(gu)、姊妹出適降在小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)功(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)人(ren)非所哀痛,带(dai)与大(da)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)同,亦无(wu)本(ben)也。
叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)下殇(shang),適(shi)(shi)孙之(zhi)下殇(shang),昆(kun)弟之(zhi)下殇(shang),大夫庶子为(wei)適(shi)(shi)昆(kun)弟之(zhi)下殇(shang),为(wei)姑、姊妹(mei)、女(nv)子子之(zhi)下殇(shang),为(wei)人后(hou)者为(wei)其昆(kun)弟、从父(fu)(fu)昆(kun)弟之(zhi)长殇(shang)。
[疏]释曰:此(ci)经自(zi)“叔父(fu)”已(yi)下,至“女(nv)子子之(zhi)下殇(shang)(shang)”八(ba)人,皆是成人期。长殇(shang)(shang)、中殇(shang)(shang)大(da)功(gong)(gong),已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)《殇(shang)(shang)大(da)功(gong)(gong)章》;以此(ci)下殇(shang)(shang)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong),故在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)章也(ye)。仍以尊者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前,卑(bei)者(zhe)居后。云“为(wei)人后者(zhe)为(wei)其(qi)昆弟之(zhi)长殇(shang)(shang),从父(fu)昆弟之(zhi)长殇(shang)(shang)”,此(ci)二者(zhe)以本服(fu)大(da)功(gong)(gong),今长殇(shang)(shang)、中殇(shang)(shang)小(xiao)功(gong)(gong),故在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)章。从父(fu)昆弟情本轻,故在(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)降(jiang)昆弟后也(ye)。
传曰:问者(zhe)曰:中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)何(he)以(yi)不见也?大(da)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),中从上,小功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),中从下。问者(zhe),据从父昆弟之(zhi)(zhi)下殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在緦(si)麻也。大(da)功(gong)、小功(gong),皆(jie)谓(wei)服(fu)其成人也。大(da)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)中从上,则齐衰之(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)亦(yi)中从上也。此主(zhu)谓(wei)丈夫之(zhi)(zhi)为殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)服(fu)也。凡不见者(zhe),以(yi)此求之(zhi)(zhi)也。
[疏]注“问者”至“求之也”。
○释曰(yue)(yue):不(bu)直云(yun)(yun)“何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”而(er)云(yun)(yun)“问(wen)者曰(yue)(yue)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其传(chuan)(chuan)总问(wen)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),所问(wen)非一,故云(yun)(yun)问(wen)者曰(yue)(yue),与常例不(bu)同。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“问(wen)者,据(ju)(ju)从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)緦(si)麻也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其《緦(si)麻章》见(jian)从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),此(ci)(ci)(ci)章见(jian)从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),唯中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)见(jian),故致(zhi)问(wen),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),皆谓(wei)服其成(cheng)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其《緦(si)麻章》传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun):“齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)下(xia)(xia)。”据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二传(chuan)(chuan)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼(li)无殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai),则下(xia)(xia)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)与大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)据(ju)(ju)成(cheng)人(ren),明(ming)(ming)此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)据(ju)(ju)服其成(cheng)人(ren)可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)唯有为(wei)人(ren)后者,为(wei)昆弟(di)及从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)二者,长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),共成(cheng)人(ren)小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)下(xia)(xia),自在(zai)(zai)緦(si)麻,於此(ci)(ci)(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,欲使小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)对,故兼言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),则齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)亦中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)下(xia)(xia)而(er)言,则大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)重(zhong)者中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)重(zhong)於大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),明(ming)(ming)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)可(ke)知,故谓(wei)举(ju)轻以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)重(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)主谓(wei)丈夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)者服也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),小功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)下(xia)(xia)。《緦(si)麻章》云(yun)(yun):“齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)从(cong)(cong)(cong)下(xia)(xia)。”两文相(xiang)反,故郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彼谓(wei)妇人(ren)为(wei)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族类,此(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)丈夫(fu)为(wei)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)者服也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)必(bi)知义(yi)(yi)然者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其此(ci)(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)发在(zai)(zai)从(cong)(cong)(cong)父昆弟(di)丈夫(fu)下(xia)(xia),下(xia)(xia)文发传(chuan)(chuan)在(zai)(zai)妇人(ren)为(wei)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲下(xia)(xia),故知义(yi)(yi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“凡不(bu)见(jian)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,周公作经(jing),不(bu)可(ke)具出,略举(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)义(yi)(yi),故云(yun)(yun)不(bu)见(jian)者以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
为夫之叔父之长殇。不见中殇者,中从下也。
[疏]注“不见”至“下也”。
○释(shi)曰:夫之(zhi)叔父义服,故次在此。成人大(da)功,故长(zhang)殇(shang)降一等,在小功。云不见中殇(shang)者中从(cong)下(xia)也者,下(xia)《传》云“大(da)功之(zhi)殇(shang)中从(cong)下(xia)”,主谓此妇人为夫之(zhi)党类,故知中从(cong)下(xia),在緦麻也。
昆弟(di)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)、夫(fu)之(zhi)昆弟(di)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)女子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)下殇。为侄、庶(shu)孙丈夫(fu)妇人之(zhi)长殇。
[疏(shu)]释曰:云“昆(kun)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),女子(zi)子(zi),夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)女子(zi)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)”者,此(ci)皆成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)衰期。长(zhang)、中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)大(da)(da)功(gong),故下(xia)(xia)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)此(ci)小功(gong)也(ye)(ye)。云“为(wei)(wei)侄庶(shu)(shu)孙丈(zhang)夫(fu)妇人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)”者,谓姑为(wei)(wei)侄成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)功(gong),长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)此(ci)小功(gong)。不言中殇(shang)(shang)(shang),中从上。不言男子(zi)、女子(zi)而言丈(zhang)夫(fu)、妇人(ren)(ren),亦(yi)是(shi)见恩(en)疏(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)义。庶(shu)(shu)孙者,祖为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)功(gong),长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)、中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)亦(yi)在(zai)此(ci)小功(gong)。言丈(zhang)夫(fu)、妇人(ren)(ren),亦(yi)是(shi)见恩(en)疏(shu)也(ye)(ye)。
大夫、公(gong)之(zhi)昆弟(di)、大夫之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)为其(qi)昆弟(di)、庶子(zi)(zi)、姑、姊妹、女(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)长(zhang)殇。大夫为昆弟(di)之(zhi)长(zhang)殇小功,谓为士者若不仕者也(ye),以此(ci)(ci)知为大夫无殇服也(ye)。公(gong)之(zhi)昆弟(di)不言庶者,此(ci)(ci)无服,无所见也(ye)。大夫之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)不言庶者,关適子(zi)(zi)亦服此(ci)(ci)殇也(ye)。云公(gong)之(zhi)昆弟(di)为庶子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)长(zhang)殇,则知公(gong)之(zhi)昆弟(di)犹大夫。
[疏]释曰:云“大夫、公之昆弟大夫之子为其昆弟、庶子、姑姊妹、女子子之长殇”者,谓此三人为此六种人,成人以尊,降至大功,故长殇小功中亦从上。此一经亦尊卑为次序也。
○注“大夫”至“大夫”。
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)小功(gong)(gong)(gong),谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),成人(ren)期,长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong),今大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)小功(gong)(gong)(gong),明(ming)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)一等(deng),成人(ren)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),中殇(shang)(shang)(shang)在(zai)小功(gong)(gong)(gong),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同等(deng),则不(bu)降(jiang),今言降(jiang)在(zai)小功(gong)(gong)(gong),明(ming)是(shi)(shi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)仕(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)知为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无殇(shang)(shang)(shang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),已(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),则冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)矣,丈(zhang)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)知大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无殇(shang)(shang)(shang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)矣。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)身用士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼,已(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)兄姊殇(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),已(yi)(yi)与兄姊同十(shi)九,而(er)(er)(er)兄姊於年终死,已(yi)(yi)至(zhi)明(ming)年初二(er)(er)十(shi),因丧而(er)(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)成人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)兄姊殇(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)五十(shi)乃爵命,今未(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)已(yi)(yi)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五十(shi)乃爵命,自是(shi)(shi)礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常法,或(huo)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)盛德,谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)甘罗十(shi)二(er)(er)相秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),未(wei)必要至(zhi)五十(shi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)得(de)有(you)(you)幼(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,《曲(qu)礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”四(si)十(shi)强(qiang)而(er)(er)(er)仕(shi)“,则四(si)十(shi)然后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)。今云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)仕(shi)则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)死,亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)未(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼》郑《目录(lu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“士(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)任士(shi)(shi)(shi)职,居士(shi)(shi)(shi)位,二(er)(er)十(shi)而(er)(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。”则亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)德未(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi),至(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)乃冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。故郑引《管子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》书四(si)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业,士(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)世(shi)焉(yan)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)无服(fu)(fu)(fu),无所见(jian)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),多兼(jian)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)特不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母则兼(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庶(shu)(shu)(shu),以(yi)其適(shi)(shi)(shi)母適(shi)(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),皆(jie)同服(fu)(fu)(fu)。妾子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母,见(jian)厌不(bu)申,今此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母服(fu)(fu)(fu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)已(yi)(yi)下,并(bing)同长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),故不(bu)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),关適(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)言大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),谓(wei)(wei)言適(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则兼(jian)適(shi)(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)言庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)关適(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),关,通也(ye)(ye),通適(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang),则知公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)犹大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),旧疑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)与公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尊卑异(yi),今案此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同降(jiang),昆(kun)(kun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)已(yi)(yi)下成人(ren)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong),长(zhang)(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)(shang)同小功(gong)(gong)(gong),则知此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)人(ren)尊卑同,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)犹大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。
大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)妾为庶子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)长殇。君之(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)。
[疏]注“君之庶子”。
○释(shi)曰:妾为君(jun)之(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子,成人在大功(gong),已见上章。今(jin)长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)降(jiang)一等,在此小(xiao)功(gong)。云“君(jun)之(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子”者,若適长(zhang),则成人随(sui)女(nv)君(jun)三年,长(zhang)殇(shang)(shang)在大功(gong),与此异,故(gu)言君(jun)之(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子以别之(zhi)也。