●卷四
丧祝掌大丧劝防之事。(郑司农云:“劝防,引柩也。”杜子春云:“防当为披。”玄谓劝犹倡帅前引者,防谓执披备倾戏。
○披,彼(bi)寄反,下同。倡,昌亮反。戏,音亏(kui)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“倾戏”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)云“劝防,引(yin)(yin)柩(jiu)(jiu)”,後郑(zheng)不从者,但(dan)引(yin)(yin)者,天子千人(ren)执(zhi)六引(yin)(yin),在柩(jiu)(jiu)车(che)前。防,谓(wei)披(pi)(pi),在柩(jiu)(jiu)车(che)傍,备(bei)倾亏。二者别,司农共为一,故不从。子春云“防当为披(pi)(pi)”,义(yi)无(wu)所取,故不从。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)劝犹(you)倡(chang)帅前引(yin)(yin)”者,即(ji)下经(jing)御柩(jiu)(jiu),一也。谓(wei)执(zhi)纛(dao)居柩(jiu)(jiu)路前,却行,左(zuo)右车(che)脚有高下,则以(yi)纛(dao)诏告执(zhi)披(pi)(pi)者,使持制之,不至倾亏。倡(chang),先也,故云倡(chang)帅前引(yin)(yin)者。云“防谓(wei)执(zhi)披(pi)(pi)备(bei)倾亏”者,按《夏官·司士(shi)》作六军之执(zhi)披(pi)(pi),故以(yi)执(zhi)披(pi)(pi)解防,恐柩(jiu)(jiu)车(che)倾侧(ce),故云备(bei)倾亏。此(ci)经(jing)劝防,因言所掌(zhang)事(shi)及其(qi)行事(shi),下文“及朝(chao),御柩(jiu)(jiu)”是也。
及辟,令启。(郑司农云:“辟,谓除涂椁也。令启,谓丧祝主命役人开之也。《檀弓》曰:‘天子之殡也,涂龙盾以椁,加斧于椁上,毕涂屋,天子之礼也。’”
○,才(cai)官(guan)反。盾,敕伦反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“礼也”
○释曰(yue):先郑云“辟(pi)谓除涂(tu)椁(guo)也”者,天(tian)子(zi)七月而葬(zang),七日(ri)殡(bin),殡(bin)时以(yi)椁(guo),涂(tu)其棺(guan),及(ji)至葬(zang)时,故命役(yi)人开之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引“《檀弓(gong)》曰(yue)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殡(bin)也,涂(tu)龙盾(dun)(dun)以(yi)椁(guo)”者,天(tian)子(zi)诸侯(hou)殡(bin),用盾(dun)(dun)车。天(tian)子(zi)画辕为龙,先置龙盾(dun)(dun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)西阶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。又置四重棺(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)盾(dun)(dun)车之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。大(da)敛(lian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)阼阶讫,奉(feng)尸入棺(guan),加(jia)盖(gai),乃置熬於(wu)(wu)(wu)棺(guan)傍(bang)。乃於(wu)(wu)(wu)椁(guo)赞其四面,与棺(guan)平。乃加(jia)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)棺(guan)上(shang)(shang),以(yi)覆(fu)棺(guan),上(shang)(shang)更加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)椁(guo)材。乃毕涂(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如四面ニ屋(wu)。故云“涂(tu)龙盾(dun)(dun)以(yi)椁(guo),加(jia)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)椁(guo)上(shang)(shang),毕涂(tu)屋(wu),天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”也。加(jia)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)椁(guo)上(shang)(shang)者,按《擅弓(gong)》云:“布幕(mu)(mu)(mu),卫绡(xiao)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)、鲁布幕(mu)(mu)(mu)”,诸侯(hou)法绡(xiao)幕(mu)(mu)(mu),天(tian)子(zi)礼(li)剌以(yi)黼文,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)者,形如大(da)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)文。言上(shang)(shang)者,加(jia)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)讫,乃赞涂(tu)其上(shang)(shang),故言加(jia)斧(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)椁(guo)上(shang)(shang)。
及朝,御柩,乃奠。(郑司农云:“朝谓将葬,朝於祖考之庙而後行,则丧祝为御柩也。《檀弓》曰:‘丧之朝也,顺死者之孝心也。其哀离其室也,故至於祖考之庙而後行。殷朝而殡於祖,周朝而遂葬。’故《春秋传》曰:‘凡夫人不殡于庙,不于姑,则弗致也。’‘晋文公卒,将殡於曲沃’,就宗庙。晋宗庙在曲沃,或曰‘曲沃,君之宗也’。又曰‘丙午,入于曲沃;丁未,朝于武宫’。”玄谓乃奠,朝庙奠。
○朝,直遥(yao)反,注皆同。柩,音旧。离,力智(zhi)反,下同。)
[疏]“及朝御柩乃奠”
○释曰:言“及朝”者,及犹至也。谓侵夜启殡,昧爽朝庙,故云及朝。云“御柩”者,发殡宫盾车,载至庙,其时丧祝执纛居前,以御正柩也。云“乃奠”者,按《既夕礼》,朝庙之时,重先,奠从,烛从,柩从。彼奠昨夜夕奠,至庙,下棺於庙两楹之间,棺西设此宿奠。至明,彻去宿奠,乃设此朝庙之奠於柩西,故云乃奠。
○注“郑司”至“庙奠”
○释曰(yue)(yue):先(xian)郑解朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)法,後(hou)郑皆从之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改。引《檀弓》云(yun)(yun)“殷朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe),殷人(ren)殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),始(shi)死敛讫(qi),即以柩朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)殷朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)。云(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)遂(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)”者(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),故(gu)(gu)始(shi)死殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)路寝,七月(yue)而(er)(er)葬(zang)(zang),以次朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),先(xian)祢而(er)(er)後(hou)祖(zu),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)别一宿(su),後(hou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)始(shi)祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),遂(sui)(sui)出葬(zang)(zang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)遂(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)。云(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)秋(qiu)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)‘凡(fan)夫(fu)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)’”者(zhe)(zhe),此僖八年《左氏传(chuan)(chuan)》,“秋(qiu)七月(yue),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),用致(zhi)夫(fu)人(ren)”。《传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“秋(qiu),,而(er)(er)致(zhi)哀姜焉,非礼(li)(li)也。凡(fan)夫(fu)人(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)薨于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)寝,不(bu)(bu)(bu)殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)赴于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)姑,则弗(fu)致(zhi)也。”注云(yun)(yun):“寝,小寝。同(tong),同(tong)盟(meng)。”言诸(zhu)侯(hou)夫(fu)人(ren)有(you)罪(zui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)以礼(li)(li)终,不(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)致(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)文(wen)公卒,将殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)”,此《左氏》僖公三十(shi)二年,“晋(jin)文(wen)公卒,庚辰(chen),将殡(bin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)”。“就宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”已下(xia)(xia),郑君解义(yi)语。晋(jin)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)者(zhe)(zhe),晋(jin)承(cheng)桓叔之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),桓叔本(ben)在曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo),故(gu)(gu)晋(jin)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)。云(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)君之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)也”者(zhe)(zhe),庄二十(shi)八年《左氏传(chuan)(chuan)》,“骊姬(ji)欲立(li)其(qi)(qi)子(zi),赂外嬖(bi)梁五(wu)与(yu)东关(guan)嬖(bi)五(wu),使(shi)言於(wu)(wu)(wu)公曰(yue)(yue):“曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo),君之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)也,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以无主”夏,大(da)(da)子(zi)居曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)是也。又曰(yue)(yue)“丙午入(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo),丁(ding)未,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)武(wu)宫”。此僖二十(shi)四年,“二月(yue)壬寅(yin),公子(zi)重耳入(ru)於(wu)(wu)(wu)晋(jin)。丙午,入(ru)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)。丁(ding)未,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)宫”。按赵商(shang)问:“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)遂(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang),则是殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宫,葬(zang)(zang)乃朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。按《春(chun)秋(qiu)》‘晋(jin)文(wen)公卒,殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)’,是为去(qu)绛(jiang)就祖(zu)殡(bin),与(yu)《礼(li)(li)记》义(yi)异,未通(tong)其(qi)(qi)记。”答(da)曰(yue)(yue):“葬(zang)(zang)乃朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),当(dang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)礼(li)(li)也。其(qi)(qi)末世(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)国,何(he)能同(tong)也。传(chuan)(chuan)合不(bu)(bu)(bu)合当(dang)解传(chuan)(chuan)耳,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得难经。”何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)?《既夕(xi)》“将葬(zang)(zang),迁于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祖(zu),用轴”。《既夕(xi)》是周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公正(zheng)经,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)乃葬(zang)(zang),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得难经。孔子(zi)发凡(fan),言不(bu)(bu)(bu)薨于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)寝,不(bu)(bu)(bu)殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)姑,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)。明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)礼(li)(li)约殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),发凡(fan)则是关(guan)异代(dai)。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)?孔子(zi)作《春(chun)秋(qiu)》,以通(tong)三王之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。先(xian)郑引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),欲见《春(chun)秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),诸(zhu)侯(hou)殡(bin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),亦(yi)当(dang)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)乃殡(bin)。“玄谓乃奠,朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)奠”者(zhe)(zhe),以经文(wen)奠在朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)下(xia)(xia),明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)据初来(lai)宿(su)奠,是据厥明(ming)(ming)所(suo)设朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)奠。
及祖,饰棺,乃载,遂御。(郑司农云:“祖,谓将葬祖於庭,象生时出则祖也,故曰事死如事生,礼也。《檀弓》曰:‘饭於牖下,小敛於户内,大敛於阼,殡於客位,祖於庭,葬於墓,所以即远也。’祖时,丧祝主饰棺乃载,遂御之,丧祝为柩车御也。或谓及祖,至祖庙也。”玄谓祖为行始。饰棺,设柳池纽之属。其序,载而後饰,既饰当还车乡外,丧祝御之。御之者,执居前,行为节度。
○饭,扶(fu)晚反。还,音(yin)旋,一(yi)音(yin)回。乡,许亮(liang)反。,音(yin)道。)
[疏]“及祖”至“遂御”
○释曰:言“及祖”者,及,至也。初朝祢,次第朝亲庙四,次朝二祧,次朝始祖后稷之庙。至此庙中设祖祭。按《既夕礼》“请祖期,曰日侧”,是至祖庙之中而行祖。祖,始也,为行始。言“饰棺乃载”者,既载乃饰。按《既夕礼》,遂匠纳车於阶间,却柩而下棺,乃饰棺,设帷荒之属。饰讫,乃还车向外,移柩车去载处,至庭中,车西设祖奠。天子之礼亦是先载乃饰棺,此先云饰棺後言乃载者,直取便文,非行事之次第。云“遂御”者,加饰讫,移柩车,丧祝执纛却行,御正柩,故云遂御之。
○注“郑司”至“节度”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):先(xian)郑解(jie)(jie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)饰棺,其(qi)(qi)义(yi)是(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),增(zeng)成其(qi)(qi)义(yi)。云(yun)“将(jiang)葬祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庭(ting)(ting)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《檀(tan)弓》文。云(yun)“象生时出(chu)则(ze)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)“仲山甫(fu)出(chu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)事(shi)死(si)如事(shi)生,礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《祭义(yi)》云(yun):“文王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭也(ye)(ye)(ye),事(shi)死(si)如事(shi)生。”义(yi)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)彼(bi)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)生时出(chu)有祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)死(si)亦有祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。《檀(tan)弓》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“饭(fan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”至“即远(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)《檀(tan)弓》,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)子(zi)(zi)吊於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)负(fu)夏,主(zhu)人既(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),奠彻,推(tui)柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)子(zi)(zi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),怪(guai)主(zhu)人推(tui)柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)而反,问於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)子(zi)(zi)。曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)子(zi)(zi)对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“胡(hu)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)不可。”从(cong)(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)问子(zi)(zi)游(you),子(zi)(zi)游(you)对此(ci)辞。云(yun)“饭(fan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓始死(si)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)北(bei)牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia),迁尸於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia),沐(mu)浴讫,即饭(fan)含,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)饭(fan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。“小(xiao)敛於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)户(hu)内(nei)”,小(xiao)敛十九称(cheng)在户(hu)内(nei)。“大(da)(da)敛於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阼”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)三十称(cheng),大(da)(da)夫(fu)五十称(cheng),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯百称(cheng),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)百二十称(cheng),皆於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阼阶,故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)大(da)(da)敛於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阼。“殡於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)客(ke)位”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),夏后(hou)氏殡於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阼阶,殷人殡两楹间,周人殡於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)西阶,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)殡於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)客(ke)位。“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庭(ting)(ting)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),行祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祭在祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庭(ting)(ting)。“葬於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),行祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祭讫,至明旦,行大(da)(da)遣奠,既(ji)奠引(yin)柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)向圹(kuang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)葬於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu)。“所(suo)以(yi)即远(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)子(zi)(zi)游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,从(cong)(cong)(cong)饭(fan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牖(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至葬於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu),即,就也(ye)(ye)(ye),节(jie)级皆是(shi)就远(yuan),不合(he)反来。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)此(ci)经祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)行始向远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)时,丧(sang)祝(zhu)主(zhu)饰棺乃载(zai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重解(jie)(jie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)饰载(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)“遂(sui)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),丧(sang)祝(zhu)为(wei)(wei)柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)车(che)御(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)(hou)郑增(zeng)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“或谓及(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)至祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)饰载(zai)在祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)中(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)(hou)郑虽(sui)不从(cong)(cong)(cong),亦通(tong)一义(yi)。“玄谓祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)行始”,此(ci)後(hou)(hou)郑增(zeng)成先(xian)郑前解(jie)(jie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“饰棺设柳池(chi)纽(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《丧(sang)大(da)(da)记》文,柳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)(zhu)色所(suo)聚,帷荒(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。纽(niu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“君三池(chi),组六(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司士(shi)》云(yun)“作(zuo)六(liu)军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)执(zhi)披”,彼(bi)引(yin)《丧(sang)大(da)(da)记》,其(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)略言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)序(xu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑见经先(xian)言(yan)饰棺,後(hou)(hou)言(yan)乃载(zai)车(che)向外,於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)文到(dao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)依《既(ji)夕(xi)礼》,先(xian)载(zai)而後(hou)(hou)饰,当(dang)还车(che)向外,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)载(zai)时车(che)北(bei)向,饰讫,当(dang)还车(che)向外,丧(sang)祝(zhu)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),执(zhi)纛居前,行为(wei)(wei)节(jie)度”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),恐柩(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)车(che)倾亏(kui),以(yi)纛告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)为(wei)(wei)节(jie)度也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
及葬,御柩,出宫乃代。(丧祝二人相与更也。
○更,音庚。)
[疏]注“丧祝”至“更也”
○释曰:及,至也,谓於祖庙厥明大奠後,引柩(jiu)车出,丧祝於柩(jiu)车前(qian)行,御柩(jiu)车出宫。“乃代(dai)”者,按《序官》云(yun)“丧祝上士二人”,故郑(zheng)云(yun)“二人相与更也”。
及圹,说载,除饰。(郑司农云:“圹,谓穿中也。说载,下棺也。除饰,去棺饰也。四[A14C]之属。令可举移安错之。”玄谓除饰,便其窆尔。周人之葬,墙置[A14C]。
○说,吐活反(fan)(fan),注同,刘(liu)诗(shi)悦反(fan)(fan)。去,起吕(lv)反(fan)(fan)。[A14C],所甲(jia)反(fan)(fan),本亦(yi)作(zuo)た。错(cuo),七故(gu)反(fan)(fan)。便,婢面反(fan)(fan)。窆,彼验反(fan)(fan)。刘(liu),补邓反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“及圹说载除饰”
○释曰:及,至也。至圹脱载,谓下棺於地。“除饰”,谓除去帷荒,下棺於坎。讫,其帷荒还入圹,张之於棺。
○注“郑司”至“置[A14C]”
○释曰:云(yun)“四(si)[A14C]之(zhi)属”者,按:襄公二十五年,齐崔杼弑庄公,不以君(jun)礼(li)葬(zang)之(zhi)。按《丧大记》及《礼(li)器》,士二た,大夫四(si)た,诸侯六(liu)た,天子八た。今用(yong)四(si)た,是不成(cheng)君(jun)礼(li)也。云(yun)“令(ling)可(ke)举移安(an)错之(zhi)”者,除(chu)去棺饰者,令(ling)可(ke)举移安(an)错於(wu)圹中。“安(an)错”之(zhi)言(yan),出《孝经》。玄谓“周人(ren)之(zhi)葬(zang),墙(qiang)(qiang)置(zhi)(zhi)[A14C]”者,《檀弓》云(yun):“殷人(ren)棺椁,周人(ren)墙(qiang)(qiang)置(zhi)(zhi)た。”墙(qiang)(qiang),谓帷荒,与柩为鄣,若墙(qiang)(qiang)然,故(gu)谓之(zhi)墙(qiang)(qiang)。言(yan)“置(zhi)(zhi)た”者,た在道柩车傍,人(ren)执之(zhi)入圹,置(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)於(wu)椁傍,故(gu)云(yun)置(zhi)(zhi)也。引之(zhi)者,证饰既除(chu),还入圹设之(zhi)义也。
小丧亦如之。
[疏]“小丧亦如之”
○释曰(yue):小(xiao)丧,王后、世子已下之(zhi)丧。自(zi)掌劝防已下至除饰,皆据王丧。其小(xiao)丧亦有劝防已下之(zhi)事(shi),故云(yun)“亦如之(zhi)”。
掌丧(sang)祭祝号。(丧(sang)祭,虞(yu)也(ye)。《檀弓》曰(yue):“葬日(ri)虞(yu),不忍一日(ri)离也(ye),是日(ri)也(ye),以(yi)虞(yu)易奠。卒哭曰(yue)成(cheng)事,是日(ri)也(ye),以(yi)吉祭易丧(sang)祭。”)
[疏]注“丧祭虞也”至“祭易丧祭”
○释曰(yue):引《檀弓》云(yun)“葬(zang)(zang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)虞(yu)(yu)(yu),不忍一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)离也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),葬(zang)(zang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)设大遣(qian)奠而出,葬(zang)(zang)讫,反,日(ri)(ri)(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)而虞(yu)(yu)(yu),送形(xing)而往,迎魂而反。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),安也(ye)(ye)。葬(zang)(zang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)祭,所以(yi)(yi)安神(shen),不使父(fu)母一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)离散,故(gu)设虞(yu)(yu)(yu)祭也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“是日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)易奠”者(zhe)(zhe),葬(zang)(zang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)反,日(ri)(ri)(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)而虞(yu)(yu)(yu)。奠者(zhe)(zhe),自(zi)未葬(zang)(zang)已(yi)前,始死之後皆是。今既葬(zang)(zang),是以(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)易奠也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“卒(zu)哭(ku)曰(yue)成(cheng)事,是日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)吉(ji)祭易丧(sang)(sang)祭”者(zhe)(zhe),丧(sang)(sang)中(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)相对,虞(yu)(yu)(yu)为丧(sang)(sang)祭,卒(zu)哭(ku)为吉(ji)祭。《士虞(yu)(yu)(yu)礼》,始虞(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)哀荐(jian)事,再虞(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)哀荐(jian)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)事,三(san)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)哀荐(jian)成(cheng)事。卒(zu)哭(ku)祝(zhu)辞亦称成(cheng)事也(ye)(ye)。祭以(yi)(yi)吉(ji)为成(cheng),故(gu)云(yun)是日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)吉(ji)祭易丧(sang)(sang)祭。引之者(zhe)(zhe),证经丧(sang)(sang)祭是虞(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。
王吊,则与巫前。(郑司农云:“丧祝与巫以桃厉执戈在王前。《檀弓》曰:‘君临臣丧,以巫祝桃执戈,恶之也,所以异於生也。’《春秋传》曰:‘楚人使公亲衤遂,公使巫以桃先祓殡,楚人弗禁,既而悔之。’君临臣丧之礼,故悔之。”
○厉,音(yin)列,记作“黍苞(bao)穰”也,音(yin)例,亦音(yin)列。恶,乌路反。)
[疏]“王吊则与巫前”
○释曰:主吊者,诸侯诸臣死,王就室吊之,丧祝与男巫在王前也。
○注“郑司”至“悔之”
○释曰:先郑云“丧(sang)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)与巫(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)桃(tao)厉执戈(ge)在王前(qian)”者(zhe),桃(tao)者(zhe),鬼所恶。,帚,所以(yi)埽不祥。桃(tao)、二(er)者(zhe),祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)与巫(wu)(wu)(wu)执之(zhi)(zhi)。执戈(ge)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)小臣(chen)也(ye)。按(an)《丧(sang)大(da)记》“小臣(chen)二(er)人(ren)执戈(ge)立(li)於前(qian),二(er)人(ren)立(li)於後”。彼是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯法,王吊(diao)亦然,故(gu)兼言执戈(ge)。《檀弓》曰“君临臣(chen)丧(sang),以(yi)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)桃(tao)执戈(ge),恶之(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)天子之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),故(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)。言“恶之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),所以(yi)异於生也(ye)”者(zhe),死者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)傍有凶邪之(zhi)(zhi)气,故(gu)须桃(tao)以(yi)恶之(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)异於生。“《春秋传》曰”者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)襄(xiang)二(er)十九(jiu)年《左(zuo)传》文。按(an)《传》,襄(xiang)公(gong)朝(chao)於荆(jing),康王卒,楚人(ren)使(shi)公(gong)袭(xi)。袭(xi)者(zhe),臣(chen)贱之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),欲使(shi)公(gong)行臣(chen)礼(li)(li),公(gong)使(shi)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)桃(tao)祓殡。“楚人(ren)弗禁”者(zhe),不知礼(li)(li),故(gu)不禁。“既而悔之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),後觉始悔,是(shi)(shi)(shi)君临臣(chen)丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),故(gu)悔之(zhi)(zhi)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证经丧(sang)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)与巫(wu)(wu)(wu)前(qian)有桃(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。按(an)《檀弓》云“使(shi)公(gong)袭(xi)”,《左(zuo)传》云“衤遂”,不同(tong)者(zhe),衤遂即袭(xi)也(ye)。袭(xi)时未(wei)殡,而云祓殡者(zhe),名(ming)尸为殡耳。
掌胜国邑之社稷之祝号,以祭祀祷祠焉。(胜国邑,所诛讨者。社稷者,若亳社是矣。存之者,重神也。盖奄其上而栈其下,为北牖。
○亳,步传反。栈(zhan),刘才产反,一音上谏反。)
[疏]“掌胜”至“祠焉”
○释曰:“以祭祀祷祠”者,祭祀,谓春秋正祭。祷祠,谓国有故。祈请求福曰祷,得福报赛曰祠。
○注“胜国”至“北牖”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“胜(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)邑(yi),所(suo)诛讨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)灭(mie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),有违逆被(bei)诛讨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),更(geng)立其(qi)贤子弟,还得事(shi)其(qi)社(she)稷(ji)。今云(yun)(yun)(yun)“胜(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she)稷(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为据武王伐纣,取其(qi)社(she)稷(ji)而(er)事(shi)之(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若亳社(she)是(shi)矣”也(ye)(ye)。据其(qi)地则曰(yue)(yue)亳,据彼(bi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)丧亡(wang)即为亡(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she)稷(ji)。此注(zhu)胜(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi),即为胜(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she)稷(ji)。是(shi)以《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“丧国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she)”,《春秋》谓之(zhi)“亳社(she)”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“存之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重(zhong)神也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君自无道被(bei)诛,社(she)稷(ji)无罪,故(gu)存之(zhi),是(shi)重(zhong)神也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“盖(gai)(gai)奄其(qi)上(shang)而(er)栈其(qi)下,为北(bei)牖”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按哀公(gong)四年,夏(xia)六月辛丑,亳社(she)灾,《公(gong)羊(yang)传》曰(yue)(yue)“亡(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she),盖(gai)(gai)扌其(qi)上(shang)而(er)柴其(qi)下”。“为北(bei)牖”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》文(wen)。《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》“丧国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)社(she)必屋之(zhi),为北(bei)牖,不(bu)受天阳,使阴明”。《公(gong)羊(yang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“扌其(qi)上(shang)”,即“屋之(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。栈其(qi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非直不(bu)受天阳,亦不(bu)通地阴。
凡(fan)卿大(da)夫之丧,掌事,而敛饰棺(guan)焉(yan)。
[疏]“凡卿”至“棺焉”
○释曰(yue):言掌(zhang)事(shi)者,虽(sui)礼有降(jiang)杀,劝防以下皆掌(zhang)之,兼主敛事(shi),故总云“掌(zhang)事(shi)而敛饰棺焉”。
甸祝掌四时之田表貉之祝号。(杜子春读貉为“百尔所思”之百,书亦或为。貉,兵灾也。甸以讲武治兵,故有兵祭。《诗》曰“是类是”,《尔雅》曰:“是类是,师祭也。”玄谓田者,习兵之礼,故亦祭,祷气之十百而多获。
○貉,莫驾反,注同。甸,音田,下文(wen)同。)
[疏]“甸祝”至“祝号”
○释曰:言“掌四时之田表貉之祝号”者,四时田,即《大司马》所云春、夏苗、秋弥、冬狩。按《大司马》大阅礼云:“既陈,乃设驱逆之车,有司表貉於陈前。”当此貉祭之时,田祝为号。
○注“杜子”至“多获”
○释曰:子春云(yun)读“貉(he)”为“百(bai)(bai)尔(er)(er)所思”之(zhi)百(bai)(bai),读从《毛诗(shi)》,後郑(zheng)从之(zhi),增(zeng)成(cheng)其义。云(yun)“书亦或为”者(zhe),《毛诗(shi)》、《尔(er)(er)雅》皆为此字。云(yun)“貉(he),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)祭(ji)也”者(zhe),《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun):“,师祭(ji)是(shi)也。”引《诗(shi)》云(yun)“是(shi)类是(shi)”者(zhe),《大雅·皇(huang)矣》之(zhi)诗(shi)也。“玄谓田者(zhe),习(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)礼,故亦祭(ji)”者(zhe),《诗(shi)》与《尔(er)(er)雅》据出征(zheng)之(zhi)祭(ji),田是(shi)习(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),故亦祭(ji)。云(yun)“祷气势之(zhi)十百(bai)(bai)而多获(huo)”者(zhe),应十得百(bai)(bai),望多获(huo)禽牲,此解字之(zhi)意。
舍奠于祖庙,祢亦如之。(“舍”读为“释”。释奠者,告将时田,若时征伐。郑司农云:“祢,父庙。”
○舍,音释,下同。)
[疏]“舍奠”至“如之”
○释曰:天子将出,告庙而行。言释奠於祖庙者,非时而祭即曰奠,以其不立尸。奠之言停,停馔具而已。七庙俱告,故祖祢并言。
○注“舍读”至“父庙”
○释(shi)曰(yue):“舍(she)读为释(shi)”者,《周礼(li)(li)》、《礼(li)(li)记》多为舍(she)字,郑读皆为释(shi)。云“释(shi)奠者,告将时(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)若时(shi)(shi)(shi)征伐”者,此经上下惟言时(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian),不言征伐。按《大(da)祝》“大(da)师造(zao)于祖,大(da)会同造(zao)于庙(miao)”皆造(zao)祖祢,故兼言征伐。
师甸,致禽于虞中,乃属禽。及郊,饣盍兽,舍奠于祖祢,乃敛禽。礻周牲、礻周马,皆掌其祝号。(师田,谓起大众以田也。致禽於虞中,使获者各以其禽来致于所表之处。属禽,别其种类。饣盍,馈也。以所获兽馈於郊,荐于四方群兆,入又以奠于祖祢,荐且告反也。敛禽,谓取三十入腊人焉。杜子春云:“礻周,祷也。为马祷无疾,为田祷多获禽牲。《诗》云‘既伯既祷’,《尔雅》曰:‘既伯既祷,马祭也。’”玄谓礻周读如伏诛之诛,今侏大字也。为牲祭,求肥充;为马祭,求肥健。
○属,音(yin)烛(zhu)。饣盍,于(yu)辄反。礻周(zhou),音(yin)诛(zhu),一音(yin)祷。别,彼(bi)列反。为,于(yu)伪反,下同(tong)。侏,音(yin)诛(zhu),《字林》音(yin)朱。)
[疏]注“师田”至“肥健”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“致(zhi)禽(qin)於(wu)虞(yu)中,使获者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各(ge)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)禽(qin)来致(zhi)於(wu)所(suo)表之(zhi)处”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若田(tian)猎在(zai)山(shan),山(shan)虞(yu)植旗;田(tian)猎在(zai)泽(ze),泽(ze)虞(yu)植旌,各(ge)植旗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)表。故(gu)解(jie)致(zhi)禽(qin)于(yu)虞(yu)中者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使获者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各(ge)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)禽(qin)来致(zhi)於(wu)所(suo)表之(zhi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“属(shu)禽(qin),别(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)种类(lei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),禽(qin)兽(shou)(shou)既致(zhi)於(wu)旌旗之(zhi)所(suo),甸祝分别(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)种类(lei),麋(mi)鹿(lu)之(zhi)类(lei),各(ge)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一所(suo)。云(yun)(yun)“饣盍,馈也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)所(suo)获兽(shou)(shou)馈於(wu)郊(jiao),荐(jian)于(yu)四(si)(si)方群(qun)兆”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《小宗伯》“兆五帝於(wu)四(si)(si)郊(jiao),四(si)(si)类(lei)四(si)(si)望亦如之(zhi),兆山(shan)川丘陵,各(ge)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)方”。是(shi)以(yi)四(si)(si)郊(jiao)皆群(qun)神之(zhi)兆。今田(tian)猎在(zai)四(si)(si)郊(jiao)之(zhi)外,还国(guo)必过群(qun)兆,故(gu)将此(ci)(ci)禽(qin)兽(shou)(shou)荐(jian)於(wu)群(qun)兆,直以(yi)禽(qin)祭(ji)之(zhi),无祭(ji)事。云(yun)(yun)“入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)又(you)以(yi)奠(dian)於(wu)祖祢,荐(jian)且告(gao)反也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上经(jing)舍奠(dian)於(wu)祖庙,谓出田(tian),今此(ci)(ci)舍奠(dian)在(zai)饣盍兽(shou)(shou)之(zhi)下,是(shi)告(gao)反也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)荐(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又(you)以(yi)所(suo)获禽(qin)牲荐(jian)庙也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“敛禽(qin),谓取三(san)十”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《梁》云(yun)(yun)禽(qin)择(ze)取三(san)十。知(zhi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)腊人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《腊人(ren)》云(yun)(yun):“掌凡田(tian)兽(shou)(shou)之(zhi)脯(fu)腊。”按《王制》“一为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾豆(dou),二为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)客,三(san)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)充君之(zhi)庖”,此(ci)(ci)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)腊人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按上杀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乾之(zhi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豆(dou)实(shi),供(gong)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)宾(bin)客、庖厨。直入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)腊人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)重者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)言(yan)。脯(fu)非豆(dou)实(shi),而(er)(er)言(yan)乾豆(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)脯(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)醢(hai),故(gu)《醢(hai)人(ren)》注云(yun)(yun)“作醢(hai)及者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)膊乾其(qi)(qi)(qi)肉(rou),乃後之(zhi),杂以(yi)粱麴及盐(yan),渍(zi)以(yi)美酒(jiu),涂置瓶中,百日(ri)则(ze)成矣(yi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜子春云(yun)(yun)“礻周,祷(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)马祷(dao)无疾”已下,後郑皆不(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)凡言(yan)牲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)日(ri)曰牲,据(ju)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)牲,不(bu)得据(ju)田(tian)猎之(zhi)兽(shou)(shou)。又(you)礻周不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)祈(qi)字(zi)。“玄谓礻周读如伏诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)诛(zhu)(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)俗读也(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)有人(ren)甘(gan)心恶伏诛(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)伏诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)诛(zhu)(zhu),此(ci)(ci)从音(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诛(zhu)(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)“今诛(zhu)(zhu)大(da)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今汉时(shi)人(ren)傍侏(zhu)是(shi)侏(zhu)大(da)之(zhi)字(zi),此(ci)(ci)取肥(fei)大(da)之(zhi)意(yi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牲祭(ji),求肥(fei)充”,解(jie)经(jing)“礻周牲”。云(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)马祭(ji),求肥(fei)健”,释(shi)经(jing)“礻周马”。郑既解(jie)礻周为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da),知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)皆有祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)“皆掌其(qi)(qi)(qi)祝号”,是(shi)有祭(ji)事。
诅祝掌盟(meng)、诅、类、造、攻、说、礻会(hui)、之祝号。(八者之辞,皆所以告神明也。盟(meng)诅主於要誓,大事(shi)曰(yue)(yue)盟(meng),小事(shi)曰(yue)(yue)诅。)
[疏]注“八者,”至“曰诅”
○释曰:此八者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),“类造”已(yi)下是《大(da)祝(zhu)》六祈,大(da)祝(zhu)不(bu)掌(zhang)祝(zhu)号(hao),故此诅祝(zhu)与(yu)(yu)盟(meng)同为(wei)祝(zhu)号(hao)。秋官自有(you)司(si)盟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)官,此诅祝(zhu)兼言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),司(si)盟(meng)直掌(zhang)盟(meng)载(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)法,不(bu)掌(zhang)祝(zhu)号(hao)与(yu)(yu)载(zai)(zai)辞,故使诅祝(zhu)掌(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“大(da)事(shi)曰盟(meng),小(xiao)事(shi)曰诅”者(zhe)(zhe),盟(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),盟(meng)将来。《春秋》诸侯会(hui),有(you)盟(meng)无(wu)诅。诅者(zhe)(zhe),诅往过,不(bu)因会(hui)而为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。故云大(da)事(shi)曰盟(meng)小(xiao)事(shi)曰诅也。
作盟诅之(zhi)载(zai)辞(ci)(ci),以(yi)叙国之(zhi)信用,以(yi)质邦(bang)国之(zhi)剂(ji)信。(载(zai)辞(ci)(ci),为(wei)辞(ci)(ci)而(er)载(zai)之(zhi)於策,坎,用牲,加(jia)书于其上也(ye)。国,谓王之(zhi)国;邦(bang)国,诸(zhu)侯国也(ye)。质,正也(ye),成(cheng)也(ye)。文王德而(er)虞(yu)、芮质厥成(cheng)。郑(zheng)司农云(yun):“载(zai)辞(ci)(ci)以(yi)《春秋传》曰‘使祝(zhu)为(wei)载(zai)书’。”)
[疏]“作盟”至“剂信”
○释曰:云“作盟诅之载辞”者,为要誓之辞,载之於策,人多无信,故为辞对神要之,使用信。故云以叙国之信用。云“以质邦国之剂信”者,质,正也,成也。亦为此盟诅之载辞,以成正诸侯。邦国之剂,谓要券,故对神成正之,使不犯。
○注“载辞”至“载书”
○释曰:言(yan)“为(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)载(zai)(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)策”者(zhe),若然(ran),则(ze)(ze)策载(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)。云(yun)“坎(kan)用牲(sheng),加书(shu)(shu)于(yu)其(qi)上(shang)也”者(zhe),按(an)襄二(er)十六年《左(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun),“宋寺(si)人(ren)(ren)伊戾,坎(kan)用牲(sheng),加书(shu)(shu),为(wei)(wei)世子痤(cuo)伪与楚(chu)客盟”,《司(si)(si)盟》注具引此(ci)文(wen)(wen),於(wu)此(ci)注略也。引《春秋》者(zhe),据(ju)载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan),知者(zhe),按(an)《司(si)(si)盟》“掌盟载(zai)(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法”,彼注云(yun):“载(zai)(zai)(zai),盟辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也。盟者(zhe)书(shu)(shu)其(qi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)策。”即(ji)是此(ci)载(zai)(zai)(zai)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也。又注云(yun):“杀牲(sheng)取血(xue),坎(kan)其(qi)牲(sheng),加书(shu)(shu)於(wu)上(shang)而(er)(er)(er)埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)。”即(ji)引《春秋》宋寺(si)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),明此(ci)坎(kan)用牲(sheng)加书(shu)(shu)於(wu)其(qi)上(shang),据(ju)载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)。以此(ci)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)策谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),加书(shu)(shu)於(wu)牲(sheng)上(shang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)。司(si)(si)盟掌载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu),诅祝(zhu)掌载(zai)(zai)(zai)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。此(ci)注兼言(yan)坎(kan)用牲(sheng)加书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)者(zhe),事(shi)相因,故(gu)兼解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“国,谓(wei)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,邦国,诸侯(hou)国也”者(zhe),《周礼(li)》体(ti)例,单言(yan)国者(zhe)皆(jie)据(ju)王(wang)国,邦国连言(yan)者(zhe)皆(jie)据(ju)诸侯(hou),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)此(ci)解(jie)(jie)。云(yun)“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)德(de)而(er)(er)(er)虞、芮(rui)质(zhi)厥(jue)成(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe),《大雅·文(wen)(wen)王(wang)》诗也。彼训质(zhi)为(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng),成(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)平,谓(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)平和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证质(zhi)为(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)义(yi)。先郑引“《春秋传(chuan)》曰”者(zhe),按(an)哀二(er)十六年《左(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun):“宋大尹使祝(zhu)为(wei)(wei)载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)。”司(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),以载(zai)(zai)(zai)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与载(zai)(zai)(zai)书(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)一,得通(tong)一义(yi),故(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在下(xia)。
司巫掌群巫之政令。若国大旱,则帅巫而舞雩。(雩,旱祭也。天子於上帝,诸侯於上公之神。郑司农云:“鲁僖公欲焚巫,以其舞雩不得雨。”
○,音汪。)
[疏]“司巫”至“舞雩”
○释曰:“掌群巫之政令”者,下文男巫、女巫皆掌之。云“若国大旱,则帅巫而舞雩”者,谓帅女巫已下,是以《女巫职》云“旱则舞”,震亦据雩而言也。
○注“雩旱”至“得雨”
○释曰:“舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)旱(han)祭也(ye)”者(zhe),经云(yun)(yun)(yun)国大(da)旱(han)而(er)(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu),明(ming)(ming)雩(yu)(yu)是旱(han)祭,是以《春(chun)秋(qiu)纬·考异邮》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“雩(yu)(yu)者(zhe),呼嗟求雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子於(wu)上(shang)(shang)帝(di),诸(zhu)侯(hou)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神”,知者(zhe),按(an)(an)《礼(li)记·月令(ling)》“大(da)雩(yu)(yu)帝(di),习盛(sheng)乐(le)”,据天(tian)(tian)(tian)子雩(yu)(yu)五帝(di)。按(an)(an)彼(bi)下文“命百(bai)(bai)县(xian)(xian),雩(yu)(yu)祀(si)百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)卿士”,百(bai)(bai)县(xian)(xian),谓(wei)畿内乡遂,明(ming)(ming)畿外诸(zhu)侯(hou)亦雩(yu)(yu)祀(si)百(bai)(bai)辟(pi)卿士,即(ji)古上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)句(ju)龙、柱(zhu)、弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。是天(tian)(tian)(tian)子祀(si)上(shang)(shang)帝(di),诸(zhu)侯(hou)祀(si)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。若(ruo)鲁(lu)与二(er)(er)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後得祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe),亦得雩(yu)(yu)祭天(tian)(tian)(tian)。郑司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)欲(yu)焚(fen)巫(wu)(wu)。以其舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)不得雨(yu)(yu)”者(zhe),按(an)(an)僖二(er)(er)十一(yi)年,夏,大(da)旱(han),公(gong)(gong)(gong)欲(yu)焚(fen)巫(wu)(wu)。不必舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu),故(gu)(gu)《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):鲁(lu)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“吾欲(yu)暴而(er)(er)奚若(ruo)?”又云(yun)(yun)(yun):“吾欲(yu)暴巫(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)奚若(ruo)?”县(xian)(xian)子曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)则不雨(yu)(yu),而(er)(er)暴人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾子,虐,无乃(nai)不可(ke)(ke)与。”郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“者(zhe),面乡天(tian)(tian)(tian),觊天(tian)(tian)(tian)哀而(er)(er)雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”明(ming)(ming)非(fei)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)雩(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。司农(nong)兼(jian)引者(zhe),挟句(ju)连引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其实非(fei)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)。若(ruo)四月正雩(yu)(yu),非(fei)直(zhi)有男巫(wu)(wu)、女巫(wu)(wu)。按(an)(an)《论语》,曾云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)服既成,童子六七人,冠(guan)者(zhe)五六人”,兼(jian)有此(ci)等(deng),故(gu)(gu)《舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“教皇舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),帅而(er)(er)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)”。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)师,谓(wei)野(ye)人能(neng)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),明(ming)(ming)知兼(jian)有童子、冠(guan)者(zhe)可(ke)(ke)知。
国有大灾,则(ze)帅巫(wu)而(er)造(zao)巫(wu)恒。(杜子春云:“司(si)巫(wu)师巫(wu)官(guan)之(zhi)属,会聚常处以待命也。”玄谓(wei)恒,久也。巫(wu)久者,先巫(wu)之(zhi)故(gu)事。造(zao)之(zhi),当按视所施(shi)为。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“施为”
○释曰:子春之(zhi)(zhi)意,帅巫者,巫则女(nv)巫。“恒”训为“常”,故(gu)云(yun)“会聚常处”。後郑(zheng)不从(cong),“玄(xuan)谓恒,久(jiu)也。巫久(jiu)者,先巫之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)事”。後郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)意,以恒为先世之(zhi)(zhi)巫,久(jiu)故(gu)所行之(zhi)(zhi)事。今司(si)巫见国大(da)灾(zai),则帅领女(nv)巫等,往造所行之(zhi)(zhi)事,按视旧所施(shi)为而(er)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)。
祭祀,则共<匚单>主及道布及{艹租}馆。(杜子春云:“{艹租}读为Θ。<匚单>,器名。主,谓木主也。道布,新布三尺也。Θ,藉也。馆,神所馆止也。书或为{艹租}馆,或为{艹租}饱。或曰:布者,以为席也。租饱,茅里肉也。”玄谓道布者,为神所设巾,《中ニ礼》曰“以功布为道布,属于几”也。{艹租}之言藉也,祭食有当藉者。馆所以承{艹租},谓若今筐也。主先<匚单>,{艹租}後馆,互言之者,明共主以<匚单>,共{艹租}以筐,大祝取其主、{艹租},陈之,器则退也。《士虞礼》曰:“苴寸刂茅长五寸,实于筐,馔于西坫主。”又曰:“祝盥,取苴降,洗之,升,入设于几东席上,东缩。”
○<匚单>,音(yin)(yin)(yin)丹。{艹租},于都反(fan)(fan)。Θ,子都反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。藉,慈夜反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。租,刘音(yin)(yin)(yin)纟取,又(you)音(yin)(yin)(yin)卷,沈音(yin)(yin)(yin)子馀反(fan)(fan)。饱(bao),音(yin)(yin)(yin)庖(pao),又(you)音(yin)(yin)(yin)弭(mi)。裹,音(yin)(yin)(yin)果。为,于伪反(fan)(fan)。寸(cun)(cun)刂,音(yin)(yin)(yin)寸(cun)(cun)。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“东缩”
○释曰(yue):子春所(suo)解及读(du)字,惟(wei)解“<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>器名”一(yi)事,後(hou)(hou)郑从之(zhi),自馀(yu)并义无所(suo)取(qu),後(hou)(hou)郑不从。“玄谓(wei)道(dao)布(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)神(shen)所(suo)设(she)中(zhong)”,即(ji)引《中(zhong)ニ礼(li)(li)》“以(yi)功布(bu)为(wei)道(dao)布(bu),属(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)几(ji)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云“{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}之(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)藉(jie)(jie)也(ye),祭(ji)食有(you)当(dang)藉(jie)(jie)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)常(chang)藉(jie)(jie)所(suo)当(dang)之(zhi)食。云“馆(guan)(guan)所(suo)以(yi)承{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)},谓(wei)若今筐也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),筐所(suo)以(yi)盛(sheng){艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云“主先(xian)<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>,{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}後(hou)(hou)馆(guan)(guan),互(hu)(hu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)主先(xian)<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>器在上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见以(yi)<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>器盛(sheng)主来向(xiang)祭(ji)所(suo),大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)取(qu)得主,<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>器即(ji)退。{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}後(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)馆(guan)(guan)器,欲见大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)取(qu)得{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)},馆(guan)(guan)器退,明(ming)亦初(chu)以(yi)馆(guan)(guan)盛(sheng){艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}来。互(hu)(hu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)郑云“明(ming)共(gong)主以(yi)<匚(fang)(fang)单(dan)>,共(gong){艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)}以(yi)筐,大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)取(qu)其(qi)主、{艹(cao)(cao)租(zu)(zu)(zu)},陈(chen)之(zhi),器则(ze)退也(ye)”。二事双解之(zhi)。引《士(shi)(shi)虞礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)“苴,寸(cun)(cun)刂茅长(zhang)五(wu)寸(cun)(cun),实於(wu)(wu)(wu)筐,馔(zhuan)于西(xi)坫(dian)上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),寸(cun)(cun)刂,切也(ye),切之(zhi)长(zhang)五(wu)寸(cun)(cun)。又(you)陈(chen)之(zhi)西(xi)坫(dian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),堂西(xi)南隅谓(wei)之(zhi)坫(dian)。馔(zhuan)陈(chen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此,未用前。又(you)曰(yue)“祝(zhu)(zhu)盥,升取(qu)苴降(jiang),洗之(zhi),升设(she)於(wu)(wu)(wu)几(ji)东席上(shang),东缩”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《士(shi)(shi)虞礼(li)(li)》设(she)席於(wu)(wu)(wu)奥礼(li)(li)神(shen),东面(mian)右(you)几(ji),放设(she)于几(ji)东席上(shang)。东缩,缩,纵(zong)也(ye)。据神(shen)东面(mian)为(wei)正,东西(xi)设(she)之(zhi),故言(yan)(yan)(yan)东缩。引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见苴是(shi)(shi)藉(jie)(jie)祭(ji)之(zhi)物(wu)。
凡祭事,守瘗。(瘗,谓若祭地祗有埋牲玉者也。守之者,以祭礼未毕,若有事然”。祭礼毕则去之。
○瘗,於例反。)
[疏]注“瘗谓”至“去之”
○释曰(yue):按《尔(er)雅》“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天曰(yue)燔柴,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)曰(yue)瘗(yi)(yi)埋”,又按《肆师》立大(da)祀(si),用玉(yu)帛(bo)牲,故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“瘗(yi)(yi)谓若祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)祗有(you)埋牲玉(yu)者(zhe)也”。郑(zheng)不言帛(bo),亦有(you)帛(bo)可知。云(yun)(yun)“守之(zhi)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)礼未(wei)毕(bi),若有(you)事(shi)然(ran)(ran)”者(zhe),但祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)埋牲与祀(si)同节,作(zuo)乐下神之(zhi)後,即有(you)埋牲之(zhi)事(shi),以(yi)(yi)後更有(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)节事(shi),故(gu)使司巫守埋,是以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“有(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)事(shi)然(ran)(ran)”。云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)礼毕(bi)即去(qu)之(zhi)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其无事(shi),故(gu)去(qu)之(zhi)不复守也。
凡丧事,掌巫降之礼。(降,下也。巫下神之礼。今世或死既敛,就巫下礻,其遗礼。
○礻,音伤。)
[疏]注“降下”至“遗礼”
○释曰:人(ren)死(si)(si),骨肉(rou)下沈於(wu)地,精魂(hun)上归於(wu)天(tian),天(tian)地与神人(ren)通,故使(shi)巫下神。云“今世或死(si)(si)既敛,就巫下礻(shi),其遗(yi)礼”者,按《郊特牲》“乡人(ren)礻(shi)”,郑注云:“礻(shi),︹鬼(gui)。”彼逐疫疠之事,故以礻(shi)为︹鬼(gui)。此(ci)礻(shi),当家之鬼(gui),非(fei)︹鬼(gui)也。
男巫掌望祀望衍授号,旁招以茅。(杜子春云:“望衍,谓衍祭也。授号,以所祭之名号授之。旁招以茅,招四方之所望祭者。”玄谓衍读为延,声之误也。望祀,谓有牲粢盛者。延,进也,谓但用币致其神。二者诅祝所授类造攻说礻会之神号,男巫为之招。
○衍,音(yin)延,下同。为,于(yu)伪反。)
[疏]“男巫”至“以茅”
○释曰:云“望祀”者,类造礻会,遥望而祝之。云“望衍”者,衍,延也。是攻说之礼。遥望延其神,以言语责之。云“授号”者,此二者皆诅祝授以神号。云“旁招以茅”者,旁,谓四方,此男巫於地官祭此神时,则以茅招之於四方也。
○注“杜子”至“之招”
○释曰:子春所(suo)云(yun)(yun),皆无依据,故(gu)後(hou)郑不从(cong)。“玄谓”破衍为(wei)延者(zhe)(zhe),衍字於内祈义(yi)无所(suo)取,故(gu)破从(cong)延。云(yun)(yun)“望祀,谓有(you)牲(sheng)粢盛”者(zhe)(zhe),注《大祝》已云(yun)(yun)“类造(zao)礻会皆有(you)牲(sheng),攻说(shuo)用(yong)(yong)币而(er)已”。有(you)牲(sheng)则(ze)有(you)黍稷,故(gu)此(ci)兼云(yun)(yun)粢盛者(zhe)(zhe)也。云(yun)(yun)“延,进也,谓但用(yong)(yong)币致其(qi)神”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)即攻说(shuo)用(yong)(yong)币而(er)已是也。云(yun)(yun)“二者(zhe)(zhe)诅(zu)祝所(suo)授(shou)(shou)类造(zao)攻说(shuo)礻会之神号(hao),男巫为(wei)之招”者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)授(shou)(shou)号(hao)文(wen)故(gu)二者(zhe)(zhe)之下(xia),故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)六神皆授(shou)(shou)之号(hao)之。授(shou)(shou)号(hao)知(zhi)(zhi)是诅(zu)祝者(zhe)(zhe),按诅(zu)祝而(er)知(zhi)(zhi)也。
冬堂赠,无方无。(故书“赠”为“”,杜子春云:“当为赠。堂赠,谓逐疫也。无方,四方为可也。无,道里无数,远益善也。”玄谓冬岁终,以礼送不祥及恶梦,皆是也。其行必由堂始。巫与神通言,当东则东,当西则西,可近则近,可远则远,无常数。
○,音曾。)
[疏]注“故书”至“常数”
○释曰:子春以(yi)堂赠为逐疫,後郑(zheng)不从者,逐疫《方(fang)(fang)相氏》及《占(zhan)(zhan)梦(meng)(meng)(meng)》,不合在此(ci),故不从。云(yun)“无(wu)(wu),道里无(wu)(wu)数,远益(yi)善也”,後郑(zheng)不从者,既(ji)言无(wu)(wu)数,远近(jin)由人,不得(de)云(yun)远益(yi)善,故不从。玄谓知(zhi)堂赠是(shi)送不祥及恶梦(meng)(meng)(meng)者,见《占(zhan)(zhan)梦(meng)(meng)(meng)》云(yun)“舍萌于四方(fang)(fang),以(yi)赠恶梦(meng)(meng)(meng)”,故知(zhi)。郑(zheng)云(yun)“当(dang)东则东,当(dang)西(xi)则西(xi)”,不言南(nan)北,举东西(xi)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)。此(ci)解无(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)。“可(ke)(ke)近(jin)则近(jin),可(ke)(ke)远则远,无(wu)(wu)常数”,此(ci)解无(wu)(wu)。
春招弭,以除疾病。(招,招福也。杜子春读“弭”如“弥兵”之弥。玄谓“弭”读为“敉”,字之误也。敉,安也,安凶祸也。招、敉,皆有祀衍之礼。
○弭,与弥同,及下“敉”,皆亡氏反。)
[疏]注“招招”至“之礼”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)春读(du)(du)“弭”如“弥(mi)兵”之(zhi)(zhi)弥(mi),读(du)(du)从《小祝》“弥(mi)灾兵”之(zhi)(zhi)弥(mi)。玄(xuan)谓(wei)弭读(du)(du)为敉(mi),字之(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)。按《小祝》後郑注(zhu)“弥(mi)读(du)(du)曰(yue)(yue)敉(mi)”,於(wu)此(ci)云(yun)为敉(mi),从子(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)说。云(yun)“敉(mi),安也(ye),安凶祸(huo)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以经云(yun)“除(chu)疾病”,故知所安者(zhe)(zhe)凶祸(huo)。知“招、敉(mi)皆有(you)祀(si)(si)敉(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)招、敉(mi)为招福安祸(huo),与侯(hou)禳意同,侯(hou)禳在六(liu)祝有(you)祭之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),故知此(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)亦有(you)望(wang)祀(si)(si)、望(wang)衍(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)礼可(ke)知。
王(wang)吊,则与祝(zhu)前。(巫祝(zhu)前王(wang)也。故书“前”为“先”。郑司农云:“为先,非是(shi)也。”)
[疏]注“巫祝”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰:按上(shang)《丧祝》云(yun)“王吊,则(ze)与(yu)巫前(qian)”,此男巫与(yu)祝前(qian),故(gu)二官俱(ju)在王前(qian)。
女巫掌岁时祓除、衅浴。(岁时祓除,如今三月上巳如水上之类。衅浴,谓以香熏草药沐浴。
○巳,音祀。)
[疏]注“岁时”至“沐浴”
○释曰:“岁(sui)时(shi)祓(fu)除”者,非谓(wei)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)时(shi),惟谓(wei)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),故(gu)郑君云(yun)(yun)“如今三月上(shang)巳(si)”解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一月有三巳(si),据上(shang)旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巳(si)而为(wei)祓(fu)除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,见今三月三日水(shui)上(shang)戒(jie)浴是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“衅(xin)浴,谓(wei)以香(xiang)薰草药沐(mu)(mu)浴”者,若直言(yan)浴,则(ze)惟有汤,今兼言(yan)衅(xin),明(ming)沐(mu)(mu)浴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物必(bi)和香(xiang)草,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)以香(xiang)薰草药。经直云(yun)(yun)浴,兼言(yan)沐(mu)(mu)者,凡静者沐(mu)(mu)浴相将,故(gu)知亦(yi)有沐(mu)(mu)也(ye)。
旱,则舞雩。(使女巫舞早祭,崇阴也。郑司农云:“求雨以女巫,故《檀弓》曰:岁旱,缪公召县子而问焉,曰:‘吾欲暴巫而奚若?’曰:‘天则不雨,而望之愚妇人,无乃已疏乎!’”
○,呼旱反。缪(mou),音穆。县,音玄(xuan)。暴(bao),蒲卜(bu)反。)
[疏]“旱”则“舞雩”
○释曰:此谓五月已後雩,故有旱之事。旱而言者,谓热气也。
○注“使女”至“疏乎”
○释曰:司农引缪公者(zhe)(zhe),鲁(lu)缪公,春秋後事。县(xian)子者(zhe)(zhe),鲁(lu)大夫。欲暴巫者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)舞(wu)雩不得(de)雨。引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证使女(nv)巫舞(wu)雩之(zhi)事。
若王后(hou)吊,则(ze)与祝前。(女巫与祝前后(hou),如王礼。)
[疏]“若王”至“祝前”
○释曰:此《女巫》云“与祝前”,则与《天官》女祝前后。
○注“女巫”至“王礼”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)巫(wu)与(yu)祝(zhu)前后,如王礼(li)”者,按:前男巫(wu)与(yu)丧祝(zhu)前王,执桃。此女(nv)巫(wu)与(yu)女(nv)祝(zhu)前后,亦(yi)巫(wu)执桃,祝(zhu)执,故云(yun)(yun)如王礼(li)。
凡邦(bang)之大灾,歌(ge)(ge)哭而请。(有(you)歌(ge)(ge)者(zhe),有(you)哭者(zhe),冀以悲哀(ai)感神灵也。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“而请”
○释曰:大灾言歌哭而请,则大玄谓旱者。
○注“有歌”至“灵也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):按临硕(shuo)难(nan)曰(yue):“凡国(guo)有大(da)灾(zai),歌(ge)(ge)哭(ku)(ku)而(er)请。鲁人有日(ri)(ri)食而(er)哭(ku)(ku)。《传》曰(yue),非(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)哭(ku)(ku)。哭(ku)(ku)者(zhe)哀也,歌(ge)(ge)者(zhe)是(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)也。有哭(ku)(ku)而(er)歌(ge)(ge),是(shi)以乐(le)(le)(le)灾(zai)。灾(zai)而(er)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi),将何以请?哀乐(le)(le)(le)失(shi)所(suo)(suo),礼又丧(sang)矣。孔子(zi)曰(yue):‘哭(ku)(ku)则(ze)不(bu)歌(ge)(ge)。’歌(ge)(ge)哭(ku)(ku)而(er)请,道将何为(wei)(wei)?”玄谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)食,异者(zhe)也,於民无困,哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)非(fei)(fei)。其所(suo)(suo)灾(zai)害,不(bu)害物(wu),故(gu)歌(ge)(ge)必礼也。董(dong)仲(zhong)舒曰(yue):“雩,求(qiu)雨之(zhi)术(shu),呼(hu)嗟(jie)之(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)。”《国(guo)风(feng)·周南》、《小(xiao)雅·鹿鸣》,燕(yan)礼、乡饮酒、大(da)射之(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)焉。然(ran)则(ze)《云(yun)汉》之(zhi)篇,亦(yi)大(da)旱(han)之(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)。《考异邮》曰(yue)《集二十四旱(han)志》“玄服而(er)雩缓(huan),云(yun)刑理察,挺罪赦过,呼(hu)嗟(jie)哭(ku)(ku)泣,以成发气”。此(ci)数(shu)者(zhe),非(fei)(fei)大(da)灾(zai)歌(ge)(ge)哭(ku)(ku)之(zhi)证也。多灾(zai)哀也,歌(ge)(ge)者(zhe)乐(le)(le)(le)也,今丧(sang)家挽(wan)歌(ge)(ge),亦(yi)谓(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)非(fei)(fei)?“孔子(zi)哭(ku)(ku)则(ze)不(bu)歌(ge)(ge)”,是(shi)出(chu)何经(jing)?《论语(yu)》曰(yue):“子(zi)於是(shi)日(ri)(ri)哭(ku)(ku)则(ze)不(bu)歌(ge)(ge)。”谓(wei)一日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)中,既以哀事(shi)哭(ku)(ku),又以乐(le)(le)(le)而(er)歌(ge)(ge),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)哀乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)心无常,非(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)以讥(ji)此(ci)礼。若然(ran),此(ci)云(yun)歌(ge)(ge)者(zhe),忧愁之(zhi)歌(ge)(ge),若《云(yun)汉》之(zhi)诗是(shi)也。
大史掌建邦之六典,以逆邦国之治,掌法以逆官府之治,掌则以逆都鄙之治。(典、则,亦法也。逆,迎也。六典、八法、八则,冢宰所建,以治百官,大史又建焉,以为王迎受其治也。大史,日官也。《春秋传》曰:“天子有日官,诸侯有日御,日官居卿以日,礼也。日御不失日,以授百官于朝。”居犹处也。言建六典以处六卿之职。
○治(zhi),直吏(li)反(fan),下(xia)及(ji)注“其治(zhi)”同。为,于伪(wei)反(fan),下(xia)“为有”同。,音(yin)旨。朝,直遥反(fan),下(xia)同。)
[疏]注“典则”至“之职”
○释曰:云(yun)“典则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)(da)宰》注(zhu)“典、法(fa)、则(ze),所用异,异其(qi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,其(qi)实典、则(ze)与法(fa),一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)云(yun)典、则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“六典、八(ba)法(fa)、八(ba)则(ze),冢宰所建,以(yi)治百官(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe),《冢宰职(zhi)》八(ba)法(fa)云(yun)治官(guan)府(fu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)又(you)建焉,以(yi)为王迎受其(qi)治也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)言(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)重(zhong)掌此三者(zhe)(zhe),非是(shi)相副贰。大(da)(da)宰既掌此,大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)迎其(qi)治职(zhi)文书(shu)。云(yun)“大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)掌历(li)数,故(gu)云(yun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan)。引(yin)《春秋传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe),桓(huan)十七(qi)年,“冬十月朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)有食之(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)书(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),官(guan)失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。天子有日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan),诸侯(hou)有日(ri)(ri)(ri)御”。服(fu)氏注(zhu)云(yun):“日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)御,典历(li)数者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan)居(ju)(ju)卿(qing)(qing)以(yi)砥日(ri)(ri)(ri),礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)御不(bu)失(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),以(yi)授(shou)百官(guan)于(yu)朝(chao)。”服(fu)注(zhu)云(yun):“是(shi)居(ju)(ju)卿(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe),使(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)居(ju)(ju)其(qi)官(guan)以(yi)主之(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)历(li)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”按:郑(zheng)注(zhu)“居(ju)(ju)犹处(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,言(yan)建六典以(yi)处(chu)六卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),与服(fu)不(bu)同。服(fu)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)意,大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)虽下(xia)大(da)(da)夫,使(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)来居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi),治大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),与《尧典》云(yun)“乃命(ming)羲和,钦(qin)若昊天历(li)象日(ri)(ri)(ri)月星辰”,是(shi)卿(qing)(qing)掌历(li)数,明周(zhou)掌历(li)数亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)官(guan)。郑(zheng)意以(yi)五帝(di)殊时(shi)(shi),三王异世(shi),文质不(bu)等,故(gu)设(she)官(guan)不(bu)同。五帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)掌历(li)数,至周(zhou),使(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)大(da)(da)夫为之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)“建六典处(chu)六卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)”以(yi)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。
凡辨法者考焉,不信者刑之。(谓邦国、官府、都鄙以法争讼来正之者。
○[A064],音(yin)考。争(zheng),争(zheng)斗之争(zheng)。)
[疏]“凡辨”至“刑之”
○释曰:按上文,大史既受邦国官府都鄙治职文书,其三者之内,有争讼来正之者,大史观其辨法,得理考之。“不信者刑之”者,事理妄冒不信者刑罚之。
○注“谓邦”至“之者”
○释曰:郑知此事是邦国官(guan)府都鄙者,以其文承上文三者之(zhi)下,故知之(zhi)。
凡邦国都鄙及万(wan)民(min)之(zhi)有(you)约(yue)(yue)剂者(zhe)藏焉(yan),以(yi)贰六(liu)官(guan)(guan),六(liu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)所(suo)登。(约(yue)(yue)剂,要(yao)盟之(zhi)载辞及券书(shu)(shu)也。贰犹(you)副也。藏法与约(yue)(yue)剂之(zhi)书(shu)(shu),以(yi)为六(liu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)副。其有(you)後事(shi),六(liu)官(guan)(guan)又登焉(yan)。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“所登”
○释曰:上文邦国、官府、都鄙三者,俱充此约,不言官府者,此举邦国都鄙及万民在外者而言,其实官府约剂亦藏之。云“以贰六官”者,六官各有一通,此大史亦副写一通,故云以贰六官。云“六官之所登”者,约剂相续不绝,在後六官更有约剂,皆副写一通,上於大史以藏之。
○注“约剂”至“登焉”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)“约(yue)剂(ji),要(yao)盟(meng)(meng)之载辞及(ji)券(quan)(quan)书(shu)”者,按(an)《司(si)盟(meng)(meng)》“凡邦国有(you)疑会(hui)同,则掌其盟(meng)(meng)约(yue)之载”。故(gu)知(zhi)约(yue)剂(ji)中有(you)盟(meng)(meng)要(yao)之载辞。言(yan)及(ji)券(quan)(quan)书(shu)者,此(ci)经万民约(yue)剂(ji),无盟(meng)(meng)要(yao)载辞,惟有(you)券(quan)(quan)书(shu),故(gu)别言(yan)券(quan)(quan)书(shu)。郑(zheng)知(zhi)所藏(zang)之中有(you)法(fa)者,按(an)《司(si)盟(meng)(meng)》云“掌盟(meng)(meng)载之法(fa)”,下又云“及(ji)其礼仪,北面诏明(ming)神”,此(ci)既掌辞,明(ming)并法(fa)亦藏(zang)之。
若约剂乱,则辟法,不信者刑之。(谓抵冒盟誓者。辟法者,考按读其然不。
○辟,婢(bi)亦(yi)反(fan)(fan),刘芳益(yi)反(fan)(fan),注同。抵(di),丁礼反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“若约”至“刑之”
○释(shi)曰:盟(meng)誓要(yao)辞,藏在(zai)府(fu)库,在(zai)後抵冒其事,不(bu)依(yi)要(yao)辞,谓之(zhi)约(yue)(yue)(yue)剂乱也。“则(ze)辟(pi)(pi)法”者(zhe)(zhe),辟(pi)(pi),开(kai)也。法则(ze)约(yue)(yue)(yue)剂也。则(ze)为之(zhi)开(kai)府(fu)库,考按其然(ran)否(fou)。不(bu)信(xin)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)依(yi)约(yue)(yue)(yue)剂,与(yu)之(zhi)刑罪,故云“不(bu)信(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)刑之(zhi)”。
正岁年以序事,颁之于官府及都鄙,(中数曰岁,朔数曰年。中朔大小不齐,正之以闰,若今时作历日矣。定四时,以次序授民时之事。《春秋传》曰:“闰以正时,时以作事,事以厚生,生民之本,於是乎在。”
○数,所(suo)主反,下同。)
[疏]“正岁”至“都鄙”
○释曰:云“正岁年”者,谓造历正岁年以闰,则四时有次序,依历授民以事,故云以序事也。云“颁之于官府及都鄙”者,官府据在朝,都鄙据三等采地。先近及远,故先言官府,次言都鄙,下乃言邦国。
○注“中数”至“乎在”
○释曰:云“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)数(shu)曰岁(sui),朔(shuo)(shuo)数(shu)曰年(nian)(nian)”者(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi),正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)立(li)(li)(li)春(chun)节(jie)(jie)(jie),启蛰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雨水节(jie)(jie)(jie),春(chun)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)清(qing)明节(jie)(jie)(jie),雨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)立(li)(li)(li)夏节(jie)(jie)(jie),小(xiao)(xiao)满中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)芒种节(jie)(jie)(jie),夏至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)暑节(jie)(jie)(jie),大(da)暑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)立(li)(li)(li)秋(qiu)节(jie)(jie)(jie),处暑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)白露(lu)节(jie)(jie)(jie),秋(qiu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寒露(lu)节(jie)(jie)(jie),霜降中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)立(li)(li)(li)冬节(jie)(jie)(jie),小(xiao)(xiao)雪(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)雪(xue)节(jie)(jie)(jie),冬至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)寒节(jie)(jie)(jie),大(da)寒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。皆节(jie)(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)。节(jie)(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名朔(shuo)(shuo)气(qi)(qi)(qi),朔(shuo)(shuo)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晦,则(ze)後(hou)(hou)(hou)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闰(run)(run)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)朔(shuo)(shuo),则(ze)前(qian)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闰(run)(run)。节(jie)(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)入(ru)前(qian)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)法(fa),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)入(ru)前(qian)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)法(fa)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)市则(ze)为(wei)(wei)岁(sui),朔(shuo)(shuo)气(qi)(qi)(qi)匝(za)(za)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)年(nian)(nian)。假(jia)令十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晦,则(ze)闰(run)(run)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)得(de)(de)(de)後(hou)(hou)(hou)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)立(li)(li)(li)春(chun)节(jie)(jie)(jie),此(ci)即朔(shuo)(shuo)数(shu)曰年(nian)(nian)。至後(hou)(hou)(hou)年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),得(de)(de)(de)启蛰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)匝(za)(za)。此(ci)即是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)数(shu)曰岁(sui)。云“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)朔(shuo)(shuo)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)齐,正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)(run)”者(zhe)(zhe),周天三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)四(si)(si)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)行一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)行十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)度(du)(du)(du)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)闰(run)(run)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri),二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)得(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du),仍有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)四(si)(si)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)(du)更分(fen)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er),五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。四(si)(si)分(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),又(you)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)八(ba)分(fen),通(tong)前(qian)为(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)(de)七分(fen)。若然,二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)气(qi)(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)七分(fen)。五(wu)(wu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)分(fen),取三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),馀三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)推入(ru)後(hou)(hou)(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi),即有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)气(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)七分(fen)者(zhe)(zhe),故云中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)朔(shuo)(shuo)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)齐。“正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)(run)”者(zhe)(zhe),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而已(yi),自馀仍有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)後(hou)(hou)(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晦,不(bu)(bu)置(zhi)闰(run)(run)则(ze)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)入(ru)後(hou)(hou)(hou)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故须置(zhi)闰(run)(run)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)补之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)(run)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云若今(jin)时(shi)(shi)作(zuo)历日(ri)(ri)(ri)矣(yi)。云“定四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次序”者(zhe)(zhe),《尧典(dian)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi),解经中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“序”,故云定四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次序。云“授民时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦取《尧典(dian)》“敬授民时(shi)(shi)”,解经中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)。“《春(chun)秋(qiu)传》曰”者(zhe)(zhe),文公六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)冬,闰(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)告朔(shuo)(shuo),非礼也。闰(run)(run)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)时(shi)(shi),时(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)事(shi),事(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厚生(sheng),生(sheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,於(wu)是乎在(zai)(zai)(zai)。不(bu)(bu)告闰(run)(run)朔(shuo)(shuo),弃时(shi)(shi)正(zheng)也,何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)民?彼讥文公不(bu)(bu)告闰(run)(run)朔(shuo)(shuo),引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证闰(run)(run)岁(sui)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也。
颁(ban)告朔于邦(bang)国。(天子颁(ban)朔于诸(zhu)侯,诸(zhu)侯藏之祖庙(miao),至朔,朝于庙(miao),告而(er)受行之。郑司农(nong)云:“颁(ban)读为班(ban)。班(ban),布(bu)(bu)也。以十二月朔,布(bu)(bu)告天下诸(zhu)侯,故《春秋传(chuan)》曰‘不书日,官失之也’。”)
[疏]注“天子”至“之也”
○释曰(yue):郑云“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)班(ban)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou),诸(zhu)侯(hou)藏之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)庙(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《礼记·玉藻》“诸(zhu)侯(hou)皮弁听(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)大祖(zu)(zu)”。大祖(zu)(zu),即祖(zu)(zu)庙(miao)也。“至朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),朝於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao),告(gao)(gao)而(er)受行之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)约天(tian)子(zi)(zi),故县之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)中门,而(er)日敛之(zhi),藏之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)庙(miao),日月(yue)用(yong)羊,告(gao)(gao)而(er)受行之(zhi)。此经及《论语》称(cheng)告(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),《玉藻》谓之(zhi)听(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),《春(chun)(chun)秋》谓之(zhi)视(shi)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。视(shi)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人君入(ru)庙(miao)视(shi)之(zhi)。告(gao)(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),使(shi)有司(si)读祝以言(yan)之(zhi)。听(ting)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),听(ting)治一月(yue)政令。所从言(yan)之(zhi)异耳。郑司(si)农云“以十(shi)二(er)月(yue)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),布告(gao)(gao)天(tian)下诸(zhu)侯(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以十(shi)二(er)月(yue)历(li)(li)及政令,若月(yue)令之(zhi)书,但以受行,号之(zhi)为朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。故《春(chun)(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),还是桓十(shi)七年传(chuan)文(wen)。《春(chun)(chun)秋》之(zhi)义,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)班(ban)历(li)(li)於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou),日食书日。不(bu)班(ban)历(li)(li)於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou),则不(bu)书日。其(qi)不(bu)书日者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),犹天(tian)子(zi)(zi)日官失之(zhi)不(bu)班(ban)历(li)(li)。引之(zhi),证经天(tian)子(zi)(zi)有班(ban)告(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)事。
闰月,诏王居(ju)(ju)门终(zhong)月。(门,谓(wei)路(lu)寝门也。郑司农云:《月令》十二(er)月分在青阳、明(ming)堂(tang)、总章、玄堂(tang)左右之(zhi)位,惟(wei)闰月无(wu)所居(ju)(ju),居(ju)(ju)于门,故於文“王”在“门”谓(wei)之(zhi)闰。)
[疏]“闰月”至“终月”
○释曰:明堂、路寝及宗庙,皆有五室、十二堂、四门,十二月听朔於十二堂,闰月各於时之门,故大史诏告王居路寝门。若在明堂告事之时,立行祭礼,无居坐之处。若在路寝堂与门听事之时,各居一月,故云居门终月。
○注“门谓”至“之闰”
○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)此经“门(men)(men)(men)”是路寝(qin)门(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“闰(run)(run)月(yue),则(ze)阖(he)门(men)(men)(men)左(zuo)扉,立於(wu)其中(zhong)”,不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居(ju)”,又不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“终月(yue)”,此经言(yan)(yan)“居(ju)门(men)(men)(men)终月(yue)”,故知(zhi)此寝(qin)门(men)(men)(men)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《月(yue)令》十(shi)二月(yue)”,据《月(yue)令》而言(yan)(yan)。按《月(yue)令》是秦时书,明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)路寝(qin)有(you)九(jiu)室(shi)(shi),大室(shi)(shi)在中(zhong)央,四角各有(you)二堂(tang)(tang),隔之(zhi)为个(ge)堂(tang)(tang)。大室(shi)(shi)正东(dong)之(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)青(qing)阳(yang),正南之(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang),正西之(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)总(zong)(zong)章,正北(bei)之(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)堂(tang)(tang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)右(you)(you)之(zhi)位(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),青(qing)阳(yang)、明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)、总(zong)(zong)章、玄(xuan)(xuan)堂(tang)(tang),各有(you)左(zuo)右(you)(you)之(zhi)位(wei),《月(yue)令》谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)左(zuo)右(you)(you)个(ge)。故《月(yue)令》孟春居(ju)青(qing)阳(yang)左(zuo)个(ge),仲(zhong)春居(ju)青(qing)阳(yang),季(ji)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)居(ju)青(qing)阳(yang)右(you)(you)个(ge)。孟夏(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)左(zuo)个(ge),仲(zhong)夏(xia)居(ju)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang),季(ji)夏(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)居(ju)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)右(you)(you)个(ge)。孟秋云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)居(ju)总(zong)(zong)章左(zuo)个(ge),仲(zhong)秋居(ju)总(zong)(zong)章,季(ji)秋云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)居(ju)总(zong)(zong)章右(you)(you)个(ge)。孟冬(dong)(dong)居(ju)玄(xuan)(xuan)堂(tang)(tang)左(zuo)个(ge),仲(zhong)冬(dong)(dong)居(ju)玄(xuan)(xuan)堂(tang)(tang),季(ji)冬(dong)(dong)居(ju)玄(xuan)(xuan)堂(tang)(tang)右(you)(you)个(ge)。《月(yue)令》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居(ju)”,故郑以(yi)大寝(qin)解(jie)之(zhi)。是以(yi)先郑引之(zhi),证此大寝(qin)之(zhi)礼。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惟闰(run)(run)月(yue)无所居(ju),居(ju)於(wu)门(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其十(shi)二月(yue)居(ju)十(shi)二堂(tang)(tang),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)闰(run)(run)月(yue)无所居(ju),居(ju)於(wu)门(men)(men)(men)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故於(wu)文(wen)王在门(men)(men)(men)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)闰(run)(run)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)闰(run)(run)字之(zhi)意(yi),以(yi)闰(run)(run)月(yue)王在门(men)(men)(men)中(zhong),故制文(wen)字,亦(yi)王在门(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)闰(run)(run)也(ye)。
大(da)祭(ji)祀,与执(zhi)事(shi)卜(bu)日,(执(zhi)事(shi),大(da)卜(bu)之属。与之者,当视墨。)
[疏]注“执事”至“视墨”
○释曰:知(zhi)“执事,大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)属”者(zhe),大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)掌卜(bu)(bu)(bu)事,故知(zhi)执事是大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)。言之(zhi)属者(zhe),兼有卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师及卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人。知(zhi)“当视墨”者(zhe),按《占人》云(yun)“君占体,大夫占色,史(shi)占墨,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人占坼”。彼言史(shi)者(zhe),即此大史(shi),故知(zhi)当视墨。
戒及宿之日,与群执事读礼书而协事。(协,合也。合谓习录所当共之事也。故书“协”作“叶”,杜子春云:“叶,协也。书亦或为协,或为汁。”
○叶,音协。汁,音执,又(you)音协,刘子集(ji)反。)
[疏]“戒及”至“协事”
○释(shi)曰(yue):“戒及(ji)宿之(zhi)日(ri)”者,戒,谓(wei)散齐七日(ri)。宿,谓(wei)致(zhi)齐三日(ri)。云(yun)“与群执(zhi)事(shi)(shi)读(du)礼(li)书(shu)(shu)而协事(shi)(shi)”者,当(dang)此二日(ri)之(zhi)时,与群执(zhi)事(shi)(shi)预祭(ji)之(zhi)官,读(du)礼(li)书(shu)(shu)而协事(shi)(shi),恐事(shi)(shi)有失错(cuo)、物有不供故(gu)也。
祭之(zhi)(zhi),执(zhi)书以次位常(chang),(谓(wei)校呼(hu)之(zhi)(zhi),教其所当居之(zhi)(zhi)处。)
[疏]“祭之”至“位常”
○释(shi)曰(yue):言“执书”者(zhe),谓执行祭(ji)礼之(zhi)书,若今仪注。“以次位常”者(zhe),各居所掌位次。常者(zhe),此礼一定(ding),常行不改(gai),故云(yun)常也。
辨(bian)事者(zhe)考焉,不信者(zhe)诛(zhu)之。(谓抵冒其(qi)职事。)
[疏]注“谓抵冒其职事”
○释曰:此谓(wei)助祭之人。大史掌(zhang)礼,知行事得失。所行依注谓(wei)之事,则与(yu)人考焉。抵冒职事、诈(zha)欺不信者,刑(xing)诛之。
大会(hui)同朝觐,以书协礼事,(亦先习录之也。)
[疏]“大会同朝”至“礼事”
○释曰:天子与诸侯不录。
及将(jiang)币之日,执书以(yi)诏(zhao)王(wang)。(将(jiang),送也。诏(zhao)王(wang),告王(wang)以(yi)礼事。)
[疏]“及将”至“诏王”
○释(shi)曰:“将币之日”者,则上经(jing)所习会同之事,至此(ci)得朝(chao)觐之时,则有三享之礼。将,送也(ye)。币,谓璧帛之等(deng)。故云将币之日。云“执(zhi)书(shu)以(yi)诏王(wang)”者,王(wang)与诸侯行(xing)礼之时,大(da)史(shi)执(zhi)礼书(shu)以(yi)告王(wang),使不错误。
大师,抱天时,与大师同车。(郑司农云:“大出师,则大史主抱式,以知天时,处吉凶。史官主知天道,故《国语》曰‘吾非瞽史,焉知天道’。《春秋传》曰‘楚有云如众赤鸟,夹日以飞,楚子使问诸周大史’。大史主天道。”玄谓瞽即大师。大师,瞽官之长。
○大,音(yin)泰,注同。式,刘音(yin)敕,今俗音(yin)如字。焉(yan),於虔(qian)反(fan)(fan)。夹,古(gu)洽反(fan)(fan),刘古(gu)协反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“大师”至“同车”
○释曰:云“大师”者,大起军师也。云“抱天时”者,大史知天道。天时,谓天文见时候者。史抱此天时,与大师、瞽人知天道者同在一车之上,共察天文,故同车也。
○注“郑司”至“之长”
○释曰:先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)出师(shi)(shi),则大(da)(da)史(shi)(shi)主抱(bao)式(shi)(shi),以(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)时(shi),处(chu)吉凶(xiong)(xiong)”者(zhe),云(yun)(yun)抱(bao)式(shi)(shi)者(zhe),据当时(shi)占文谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)式(shi)(shi)。以(yi)其见时(shi)候有法(fa)式(shi)(shi),故谓(wei)(wei)载天(tian)文者(zhe)为式(shi)(shi)。知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)时(shi),处(chu)吉凶(xiong)(xiong)者(zhe),候天(tian)时(shi),知(zhi)(zhi)吉凶(xiong)(xiong),以(yi)告(gao)王故云(yun)(yun)处(chu)吉凶(xiong)(xiong)。《国语》者(zhe),按《周语》单子谓(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)成公(gong):“吾非瞽(gu)史(shi)(shi),焉知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)道。”《春秋(qiu)传》者(zhe),在哀六年。“玄谓(wei)(wei)瞽(gu)即大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),此足先(xian)郑(zheng)之(zhi)义。《周语》云(yun)(yun)瞽(gu)者(zhe),即此经大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi),一也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)瞽(gu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)”者(zhe),按《春官(guan)(guan)·瞽(gu)人(ren)》之(zhi)内(nei),立其贤者(zhe)为大(da)(da)师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)官(guan)(guan),故云(yun)(yun)瞽(gu)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)。
大迁国,抱法以前。(法,司空营国之法也。抱之以前,当先王至,知诸位处。
○先,悉荐反。)大丧,执法以莅劝防,(郑司农云:“劝防,引六绋。”)遣之日,读诔。(遣谓祖庙之庭大奠,将行时也。人之道终於此。累其行而读之,大师又帅瞽之而作谥。瞽史知天道,使共其事,言王之诛谥成於天道。
○遣,弃战反(fan),下同。行(xing),下孟反(fan)。)
[疏]注“遣谓”至“天道”
○释曰:遣(qian)谓大(da)遣(qian)奠,故(gu)以(yi)遣(qian)谓祖庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奠。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)终於(wu)(wu)此”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其未葬(zang)已前,孝子不忍异於(wu)(wu)生,仍以(yi)生礼事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至葬(zang),送形而(er)往(wang),迎魂而(er)反,则以(yi)鬼事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)既葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後当称(cheng)谥(shi),故(gu)诔(lei)生时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行而(er)读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此经(jing)诔(lei)即累也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)师又(you)(you)(you)帅瞽(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)作谥(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)师职(zhi)》,凡大(da)丧,帅瞽(gu)而(er)作柩谥(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诔(lei)谥(shi)成於(wu)(wu)天(tian)道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《礼记·曾子问》“惟天(tian)子称(cheng)天(tian)以(yi)诔(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)其无尊焉(yan)。”彼又(you)(you)(you)引《公(gong)羊传》“制(zhi)谥(shi)於(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)”,瞽(gu)史(shi)既知天(tian)道(dao),又(you)(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)祭天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所称(cheng)天(tian)以(yi)诔(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)成於(wu)(wu)天(tian)道(dao)也。若然,先於(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)制(zhi)谥(shi),乃於(wu)(wu)遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),葬(zang)後则称(cheng)谥(shi)。
凡丧(sang)事,考焉。(为有得失。)小丧(sang),赐(ci)谥。(小丧(sang),卿(qing)大(da)夫也。)
[疏]注“小丧卿大夫也”
○释曰:大(da)(da)史(shi)虽赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)读(du)(du),使小(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)读(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi),故《小(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)职》云(yun)“卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)丧,赐(ci)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)读(du)(du)诔(lei)”。彼(bi)注云(yun):“其读(du)(du)诔(lei),亦(yi)以大(da)(da)史(shi)赐(ci)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为节,事相成(cheng)。”其卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)将作(zuo)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)时,其子(zi)请(qing)於君,君亲为之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng),使大(da)(da)史(shi)将往赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi),小(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)至遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)日,往为读(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)。知义然(ran)者(zhe),见《礼(li)(li)记(ji)·檀弓》云(yun)“公叔(shu)文子(zi)卒(zu),其子(zi)戍请(qing)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於君曰:‘日月有时,将葬矣(yi),请(qing)所以易其名者(zhe)。’君曰:‘昔者(zhe)夫(fu)子(zi)其班制(zhi),以与四邻交,卫国之(zhi)(zhi)社稷不(bu)辱,不(bu)亦(yi)文乎。’”是其事也(ye),明礼(li)(li)亦(yi)当然(ran)。其诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)法,按《曾(ceng)子(zi)问》云(yun):“贱(jian)不(bu)诔(lei)贵,幼不(bu)诔(lei)长。诸侯相诔(lei),非(fei)礼(li)(li)。”春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)世,卑谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於尊(zun),不(bu)得如礼(li)(li)。按《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)》“言谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰类”,以其象聘问之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),见天子(zi)乃(nai)使大(da)(da)史(shi)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),小(xiao)(xiao)史(shi)不(bu)读(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi),以其诸侯自有史(shi)。若(ruo)然(ran),此直言小(xiao)(xiao)丧赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则三公诸侯亦(yi)在焉(yan)。
凡射事,饰中,舍,执其礼事。(舍读曰释。郑司农云:“中,所以盛也。”玄谓设於中,以待射时而取之,中则盛之。《乡射礼》曰:“君国中射则皮竖中,於郊则闾中,於竟则虎中。大夫兕中,士鹿中。”天子之中,未闻。
○舍(she),音(yin)释。盛(sheng),音(yin)成(cheng)。中(zhong),丁仲反。竟,音(yin)境。)
[疏]“凡射”至“礼事”
○释曰:言“凡射事”者,则大射、宾射、燕射之等,皆使大史为此三事。饰中者,谓饰治使静。舍者,射有三番,第一番三耦射,不释。第二第三番射,乃释。执其礼事者,大史主礼者,天子诸侯射,先行燕礼,後乃射。其中礼事,皆大史掌之。
○注“舍读”至“未闻”
○释曰:先郑云(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong),所(suo)以(yi)盛也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),司农之(zhi)意,所(suo)有射(she)(she),皆盛於中(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)後郑不(bu)从。“玄谓设(she)於中(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)待射(she)(she)时而(er)取(qu)之(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)则释之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《乡射(she)(she)》、《大(da)射(she)(she)》,皆於中(zhong)(zhong)西,设(she)八於中(zhong)(zhong)内,偶(ou)升将射(she)(she),大(da)史(shi)取(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)八执之(zhi),待射(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)则更设(she)於中(zhong)(zhong),待第(di)二(er)耦射(she)(she),第(di)三耦已下皆然。“《乡射(she)(she)礼》曰”已下,是《乡射(she)(she)记》文。云(yun)“君(jun)国中(zhong)(zhong)射(she)(she)皮竖(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓燕礼在寝(qin),则以(yi)皮竖(shu)兽(shou)形为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)。云(yun)“於郊则闾中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓大(da)学之(zhi)射(she)(she)。云(yun)“於竟则虎中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓与邻国君(jun)射(she)(she)也(ye)。云(yun)“大(da)夫兕中(zhong)(zhong),士(shi)鹿中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)夫士(shi)各一中(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)大(da)夫以(yi)兕兽(shou)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong),士(shi)以(yi)鹿兽(shou)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)。云(yun)“天子之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),未闻”者(zhe)(zhe),经记不(bu)言故(gu)也(ye)。
小史掌邦国之志,奠系世,辨昭穆。若有事,则诏王之忌讳。(郑司农云:“志谓记也,《春秋传》所谓《周志》,《国语》所谓《郑书》之属是也。史官主书,故韩宣子聘于鲁,观书大史氏。系世,谓帝系、世本之属是也。小史主定之,瞽蒙讽诵之。先王死日为忌,名为讳。”故书“奠”为“帝”,杜子春云:“帝当为奠,奠读为定,书帝亦或为奠。”玄谓王有事祈祭於其庙。
○奠,音(yin)定。系(xi),户计反,下同。昭,如(ru)字(zi),或作<召巳(si)>,音(yin)韶。)
[疏]“小史”至“忌讳”
○释曰:“小史掌邦国之志”者,邦国连言,据诸侯。志者,记也。诸侯国内所有记录之事皆掌之。云“奠系世”者,谓定帝系、世本。云“辨昭穆”者,帝系、世本之中,皆自有昭穆亲疏,故须辨之。云“若有事”者,谓在庙中有祈祭之事。云“则诏王之忌讳”者,谓小史告王以先王之忌讳也。
○注“郑司”至“其庙”
○释曰:古(gu)者(zhe)记识物(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)。《春秋(qiu)传(chuan)》所谓(wei)“周志(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),皆是(shi)(shi)。《左(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)》ゾ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,晋(jin)襄公(gong)缚(fu)秦囚(qiu),来驹失戈(ge),狼覃(tan)(tan)取戈(ge)斩囚(qiu),遂为(wei)(wei)(wei)车右。箕(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,先轸黜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而立续简伯。其(qi)友曰:“盍死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”覃(tan)(tan)曰:“吾未获死所。”其(qi)友曰:“吾与汝为(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)。”覃(tan)(tan)曰:“《周志(zhi)(zhi)》有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):勇则害(hai)上,不登(deng)於(wu)明堂(tang)。”引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证志(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)记识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)。引(yin)韩(han)宣子者(zhe),按昭公(gong)二年《左(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)》,晋(jin)韩(han)起(qi)来聘,观书於(wu)大(da)史(shi)(shi)氏(shi),见《易(yi)象》与《鲁(lu)春秋(qiu)》。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证史(shi)(shi)官(guan)掌邦国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)。此经(jing)小史(shi)(shi)掌志(zhi)(zhi),引(yin)大(da)史(shi)(shi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),大(da)史(shi)(shi),史(shi)(shi)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,共其(qi)事故也(ye)。云“系(xi)世(shi),谓(wei)帝(di)系(xi)世(shi)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe),天子谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)系(xi),诸侯(hou)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)本。云“瞽蒙讽诵(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),按《瞽蒙职》云“掌讽诵(song)(song)诗,世(shi)奠系(xi),鼓琴(qin)瑟”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云“先王(wang)(wang)死日为(wei)(wei)(wei)忌,名为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳”者(zhe),告王(wang)(wang)当避此二事。
大祭祀,读礼法,史以书叙昭穆之俎簋。(读礼法者,大史与群执事史,此小史也。言读礼法者,小史叙俎簋以为节。故书“簋”或为“几”。郑司农云:“几读为轨,书亦或为簋,古文也。大祭祀,小史主叙其昭穆,以其主定系世。祭祀,史主叙其昭穆,次其俎簋,故齐景公疾,欲诔於祝史。”玄谓俎簋,牲与黍稷,以书次之,校比之。
○比,毗志反。)
[疏]“大祭”至“俎簋”
○释曰:此言叙昭穆之俎簋,则非外神耳。则大祭祀,惟谓祭宗庙三年一之时,有尸主,兼序昭穆俎簋也。
○注“读礼”至“比之”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)知读(du)(du)礼(li)法(fa)是大史与(yu)群(qun)执事(shi)者,《大史职》云:“大祭祀,戒及宿之(zhi)(zhi)日,与(yu)群(qun)执事(shi)读(du)(du)礼(li)书而协事(shi)。”彼云礼(li)书,即此礼(li)法(fa)也(ye)。云“言(yan)读(du)(du)礼(li)法(fa)者,小(xiao)史叙(xu)俎(zu)簋(gui)(gui)以为节(jie)”者,谓大史读(du)(du)礼(li)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)时,小(xiao)史则(ze)叙(xu)昭穆(mu)及俎(zu)簋(gui)(gui),当依礼(li)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)校(xiao)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)不差(cha)错,故(gu)俎(zu)及簋(gui)(gui)云为节(jie)也(ye)。齐景公事(shi)在昭二十年《左氏传》,彼传云公有疾,语晏子曰:“据与(yu)款谓寡人能事(shi)鬼神,故(gu)欲诛於祝(zhu)。”史是其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)。
大(da)丧(sang)、大(da)宾客、大(da)会同、大(da)军(jun)旅,佐大(da)史。凡国事之用礼法(fa)者,掌其小(xiao)事。
[疏]“大丧”至“小事”
○释曰:此数(shu)事,皆(jie)大史(shi)掌(zhang)之,小史(shi)得(de)佐之。
卿大(da)夫之丧,赐谥读(du)诔(lei)。(其读(du)诔(lei)亦以大(da)史(shi)赐谥为节,事相成。)
[疏]注“其读”至“相成”
○释曰:按《大史(shi)(shi)》云“小丧赐(ci)(ci)谥”,注云:“小丧,卿大夫之(zhi)丧。”注取此文(wen)。彼不(bu)云读(du)诔(lei)(lei),今(jin)此云“卿大夫之(zhi)丧赐(ci)(ci)谥读(du)诔(lei)(lei)”,赐(ci)(ci)谥是大史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)事(shi),非小史(shi)(shi),但小史(shi)(shi)於大史(shi)(shi)赐(ci)(ci)谥之(zhi)时,须诔(lei)(lei)列生(sheng)时行迹而(er)读(du)之(zhi)。故云“其读(du)诔(lei)(lei)亦以大史(shi)(shi)赐(ci)(ci)谥为节。”云“事(shi)相成(cheng)”者,谥法(fa)依诔(lei)(lei)为之(zhi),故云“事(shi)相成(cheng)”。
冯相氏掌十有二岁、十有二月、十有二辰、十日、二十有八星之位,辨其叙事,以会天位。(岁,谓太岁。岁星与日同次之月,斗所建之辰。《乐说》说岁星与日常应大岁月建以见,然则今历大岁非此也。岁日月辰星宿之位,谓方面所在。辨其叙事,谓若仲春辩秩东作,仲夏辩秩南讹,仲秋辩秩西成,仲冬辩在朔易。会天位者,合此岁日月辰星宿五者,以为时事之候,若今历日大岁在某月某日某甲朔日直某也。《国语》曰:“王合位于三五。”《孝经》说曰:“故敕以天期四时,节有晚早,趣勉趣时,无失天位。”皆由此术云。
○冯,音(yin)凭(ping)。相,息亮反。会,如字,注(zhu)同。见,贤遍反,下皆同。讹,五和反。直(zhi),音(yin)值。)
[疏]“冯相”至“天位”
○释曰:云“十有二岁”者,岁,谓太岁左行於地,行有十二辰,一岁移一辰者也。云“十有二月”者,谓斗柄月建一辰,十二月而周,故云十有二月。云“十有二辰”者,谓子丑寅卯之等十有二辰也。“十日”者,谓甲、乙、丙、丁之等也。云“二十八星”者,东方角、亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕,北方斗、牛之等,为二十八星也。若指星体而言,谓之星。日月会於其星,即名宿,亦名辰,亦名次,亦名房。云“之位”者,总五者皆有位处也。云“辨其叙事”者,谓五者皆与人为候之,以为事业次叙,而事得分辨,故云辨其序事也。云“以会天位”者,五者在天会合而为候也,此谓之五者也。
○注“岁谓”至“术云”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),谓大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与(yu)(yu)日(ri)同次之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),斗(dou)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)地,与(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相应而(er)行(xing)。岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为阳,右(you)行(xing)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian),一(yi)(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)移一(yi)(yi)辰(chen)(chen),又分(fen)前(qian)辰(chen)(chen)为一(yi)(yi)百三十(shi)四分(fen)而(er)侵(qin)一(yi)(yi)分(fen),则一(yi)(yi)百四十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)跳一(yi)(yi)辰(chen)(chen),十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辰(chen)(chen)匝,则总有(you)(you)千七百二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian),十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)跳辰(chen)(chen)匝。以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)计之(zhi)(zhi),十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)周(zhou),谓一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)移一(yi)(yi)辰(chen)(chen)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。千七百二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)大周(zhou),十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)跳匝故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)左(zuo)行(xing)於(wu)地,一(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跳辰(chen)(chen)年(nian)(nian)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)同。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则服虔(qian)注《春秋(qiu)》龙度(du)天(tian)(tian)(tian)门(men)是也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)本在(zai)(zai)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)谓之(zhi)(zhi)龙,以(yi)辰(chen)(chen)为天(tian)(tian)(tian)门(men),故(gu)以(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)日(ri)跳度(du)为龙度(du)天(tian)(tian)(tian)门(men)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与(yu)(yu)日(ri)同次之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),斗(dou)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为阳,人之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)见。大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)为阴,人所(suo)不(bu)睹。既岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与(yu)(yu)大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),虽右(you)行(xing)左(zuo)行(xing)不(bu)同,要行(xing)度(du)不(bu)异,故(gu)举岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)表大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。言岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与(yu)(yu)日(ri)月(yue)次之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)中,惟(wei)於(wu)一(yi)(yi)辰(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)上为法。若元年(nian)(nian)甲子朔旦冬至,日(ri)月(yue)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)俱(ju)赴於(wu)牵牛之(zhi)(zhi)初(chu),是岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与(yu)(yu)日(ri)同次之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)斗(dou)建(jian)(jian)子,子有(you)(you)大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。至後年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)移向子上,十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)日(ri)月(yue)会於(wu)玄枵,十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)斗(dou)建(jian)(jian)丑(chou)(chou),丑(chou)(chou)有(you)(you)大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),自此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)已後皆然。引《乐说》者(zhe)(zhe),证太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)月(yue)建(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“然则今(jin)(jin)历大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)非(fei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)今(jin)(jin)历太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)北辰(chen)(chen),大岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)无跳辰(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),非(fei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)太岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)日(ri)月(yue)辰(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),谓方(fang)(fang)(fang)面所(suo)在(zai)(zai)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五物皆依(yi)四方(fang)(fang)(fang)四面十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辰(chen)(chen)而(er)见,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面所(suo)在(zai)(zai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓若仲春辨(bian)(bian)秩(zhi)东作(zuo)”已下者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《尚书》皆作(zuo)“平秩(zhi)”,不(bu)为“辨(bian)(bian)秩(zhi)”,今(jin)(jin)皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)辨(bian)(bian)秩(zhi),据《书传》而(er)言,辨(bian)(bian)其(qi)平也(ye)(ye)。注引《国语》者(zhe)(zhe),《周(zhou)语》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王合位(wei)于三五”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)彼武王伐(fa)纣之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)鹑火,月(yue)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)驷,日(ri)在(zai)(zai)析木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)津,辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)斗(dou)柄,星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)元。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),证经(jing)五者(zhe)(zhe)各於(wu)其(qi)位(wei)。
冬(dong)(dong)(dong)夏(xia)(xia)致(zhi)日(ri),春秋(qiu)致(zhi)月,以(yi)辨四时(shi)之叙(xu)。(冬(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi),日(ri)在(zai)(zai)牵牛(niu),景丈三(san)尺。夏(xia)(xia)至(zhi),日(ri)在(zai)(zai)东井(jing),景尺五寸(cun)。此长短之极。极则气至(zhi),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)无愆阳,夏(xia)(xia)无伏阴(yin)。春分(fen)日(ri)在(zai)(zai)娄(lou),秋(qiu)分(fen)日(ri)在(zai)(zai)角,而(er)月弦於牵牛(niu)、东井(jing),亦(yi)以(yi)其景知(zhi)气至(zhi)不。春秋(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)夏(xia)(xia)气皆至(zhi),则是四时(shi)之叙(xu)正矣。)
[疏]“冬夏”至“之叙”
○释曰:此经欲知人君政之得失之所致,观日月之景,以辨四时之叙,若政教得所,则四时之景依度。若依度,则四时之叙得正矣。必冬夏致日,春秋致月者,以日者,实也,故於长短极时致之也。月者,阙也,故於长短不极时致之也。
○注“冬至”至“正矣”
○释(shi)曰:郑知(zhi)“冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)丈三(san)尺(chi)(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《易纬·通卦(gua)验(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),置八(ba)(ba)神(shen),树(shu)八(ba)(ba)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)中(zhong)视其(qi)影,如度(du)者(zhe)(zhe)岁美人(ren)和,晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)如度(du)者(zhe)(zhe)岁恶人(ren)伪(wei),言(yan)政(zheng)(zheng)令(ling)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)平(ping)。”注(zhu):“神(shen)读(du)如引(yin)。言(yan)八(ba)(ba)引(yin)者(zhe)(zhe),树(shu)弋於(wu)地(di),四维(wei)四中(zhong),引(yin)绳以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)因名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰引(yin)。立(li)表(biao)(biao)者(zhe)(zhe),先正(zheng)(zheng)方面(mian),於(wu)视日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)审(shen)矣。晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)进则(ze)(ze)(ze)水,晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)退(tui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)旱(han)。进尺(chi)(chi)二(er)寸(cun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi),退(tui)尺(chi)(chi)二(er)寸(cun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)进,谓(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)於(wu)度(du),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai),则(ze)(ze)(ze)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang),晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)胜(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)水。晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)短於(wu)度(du)者(zhe)(zhe),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)入(ru)进黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)内(nei),故(gu)(gu)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)短,晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)短者(zhe)(zhe)阳(yang)胜(sheng)(sheng),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旱(han)。进尺(chi)(chi)二(er)寸(cun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十二(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)势言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。退(tui)尺(chi)(chi)二(er)寸(cun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)备于十,晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)进为(wei)(wei)(wei)盈,晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)退(tui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)缩,冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)丈三(san)尺(chi)(chi)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)立(li)八(ba)(ba)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao),阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)长(zhang)(zhang)丈三(san)尺(chi)(chi),长(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极”,彼虽不(bu)言(yan)夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尺(chi)(chi)五寸(cun)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)(zhang)丈三(san)尺(chi)(chi)反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致夏,惟尺(chi)(chi)五寸(cun)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑注(zhu)《考灵(ling)(ling)耀(yao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),渐(jian)差(cha)(cha)(cha)向(xiang)北(bei),夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),渐(jian)向(xiang)南。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)差(cha)(cha)(cha)大分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)六(liu)(liu),小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)四。大分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一寸(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),小(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)四者(zhe)(zhe),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一寸(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。一寸(cun)千里,则(ze)(ze)(ze)差(cha)(cha)(cha)六(liu)(liu)百(bai)四十里。”按(an)《大司徒(tu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),尺(chi)(chi)有五寸(cun),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)中(zhong)。”从夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)差(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)丈三(san)尺(chi)(chi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。又按(an)《天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志》,春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)娄(lou)而(er)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)中(zhong),立(li)八(ba)(ba)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao),而(er)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)(zhang)七尺(chi)(chi)三(san)寸(cun)六(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“极则(ze)(ze)(ze)冬无愆阳(yang),夏无伏阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe),愆阳(yang)伏阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe),昭四年申丰(feng)辞。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)德(de)政(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)致,而(er)四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)合度(du),故(gu)(gu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)娄(lou),秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),而(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)弦於(wu)牵牛、东(dong)(dong)井(jing)(jing)(jing),亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)知(zhi)气至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《通卦(gua)验(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夫八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)气验(yan)常(chang)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)望,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)入(ru)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)不(bu)尽(jin)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)候(hou)诸卦(gua)气。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“入(ru)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)不(bu)尽(jin)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气得(de)正(zheng)(zheng)而(er)平(ping)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)而(er)言(yan),明致月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)亦用(yong)此(ci)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)矣。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran),春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)娄(lou),其(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上弦在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)井(jing)(jing)(jing),圆(yuan)於(wu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),下弦於(wu)牵牛;秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),上弦於(wu)牵牛,圆(yuan)於(wu)娄(lou),下弦东(dong)(dong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)。故(gu)(gu)郑并言(yan)弗弦於(wu)牵牛、东(dong)(dong)井(jing)(jing)(jing),不(bu)言(yan)圆(yuan)望,义可(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)诸星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)复,若(ruo)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),则(ze)(ze)(ze)未到本位,大判(pan)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合昏(hun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)体在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)酉(you)(you)而(er)言(yan)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),娄(lou)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)昏(hun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)酉(you)(you),秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)昏(hun)亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)酉(you)(you),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)可(ke)知(zhi)。按(an)《天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有九行(xing)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)“黑(hei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)出(chu)(chu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)。赤(chi)(chi)(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)出(chu)(chu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)南。白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)出(chu)(chu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西。青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)(chu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong)(dong)。立(li)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)、春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)东(dong)(dong)从青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)云(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),决(jue)房中(zhong)。赤(chi)(chi)(chi)青出(chu)(chu)阳(yang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),白黑(hei)出(chu)(chu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)失节度(du)而(er)行(xing),出(chu)(chu)阳(yang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)旱(han)风,出(chu)(chu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)雨”。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)九行(xing),则(ze)(ze)(ze)通数(shu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。进入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)南,别谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。夏时月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)南,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);进入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。东(dong)(dong)西自相对,春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)时月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)行(xing)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong)(dong),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),进入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。秋时月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);进入(ru)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong)(dong),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。此(ci)皆(jie)不(bu)得(de)其(qi)正(zheng)(zheng),故(gu)(gu)曰出(chu)(chu)阳(yang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)旱(han)风,出(chu)(chu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)雨。若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),是其(qi)正(zheng)(zheng),亦如日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。故(gu)(gu)《星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)备》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“明王(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上,则(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)皆(jie)乘黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”。又云(yun)(yun)(yun):“《黄(huang)(huang)(huang)帝》占曰:天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)有三(san),黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)乘。”问曰:“按(an)郑《驳(bo)异义》云(yun)(yun)(yun),《三(san)光考灵(ling)(ling)耀(yao)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun):‘日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)于列(lie)宿(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),万有馀里。’谓(wei)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)差(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)内(nei),何得(de)与日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)同乘黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)?”及问曰:“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)何得(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)娄(lou)、角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、牵牛、东(dong)(dong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)乎?”答曰:“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)数(shu)宽广,虽差(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)内(nei),犹不(bu)离黄(huang)(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),或(huo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上下为(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)内(nei)。”又按(an)《天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)娄(lou)、角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、去极中(zhong),而(er)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)中(zhong),立(li)八(ba)(ba)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao),而(er)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)(zhang)七尺(chi)(chi)三(san)寸(cun)六(liu)(liu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran),《通卦(gua)验(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)七尺(chi)(chi)二(er)寸(cun)四分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)晷(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)表(biao)(biao)有差(cha)(cha)(cha)移,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
保章氏掌天星,以志星辰日月之变动,以观天下之迁,辨其吉凶。(志,古文识,识,记也。星谓五星。辰,日月所会。五星有赢缩圜角,日有薄食晕珥,月有盈亏侧匿之变。七者右行列舍,天下祸福变移所在皆见焉。
○识,音(yin)志(zhi),又音(yin)试,又如字,下同。晕,本又作,亦(yi)作运,音(yin)同。,他了反(fan),晦而月见西方。匿,女力反(fan),刘吐则反(fan),朔而月见东方,曰侧,匿亦(yi)名(ming)肭,肭,女六反(fan)。)
[疏]“保章”至“吉凶”
○释曰:上冯相氏掌日月星辰不变依常度者,此官掌日月星辰变动,与常不同,以见吉凶之事。
○注“志古”至“见焉”
○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),右(you)文(wen)识(shi)(shi)(shi),识(shi)(shi)(shi),记也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)字少,志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)记识(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同,後代自有记识(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字,不(bu)复以志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)识(shi)(shi)(shi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),古(gu)文(wen)识(shi)(shi)(shi),识(shi)(shi)(shi)即记也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》谓(wei)东(dong)方(fang)岁,南(nan)方(fang)荧惑(huo),西方(fang)大(da)白,北(bei)方(fang)辰(chen)(chen),中(zhong)央(yang)镇星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“辰(chen)(chen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)所会”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左(zuo)氏传》士文(wen)伯对晋(jin)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有赢缩(suo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所在(zai),其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)可(ke)以伐人(ren)(ren)。起舍如前出(chu)赢,赢为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)客,晚出(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)缩(suo),缩(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)。故人(ren)(ren)有言曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)大(da)平,五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)循(xun)度(du),亡有逆行(xing)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)不(bu)蚀(shi)(shi)朔(shuo),月(yue)(yue)不(bu)蚀(shi)(shi)望(wang)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圜角”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)备》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)相休(xiu)废(fei),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)同。王(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)光芒(mang),相则(ze)(ze)内(nei)实,休(xiu)则(ze)(ze)光芒(mang)无角,不(bu)动摇,废(fei)则(ze)(ze)少光,色(se)(se)(se)(se)顺四时(shi),其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)皆当(dang)也(ye)(ye)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“立(li)春(chun),岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)有白光,角芒(mang),土(tu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)黄而大(da),休(xiu)则(ze)(ze)圆,废(fei)则(ze)(ze)内(nei)虚。立(li)夏,荧惑(huo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),色(se)(se)(se)(se)赤(chi)角芒(mang),土(tu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)黄而大(da)。立(li)秋(qiu),大(da)白王(wang)(wang)(wang)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),光芒(mang)无角,土(tu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)九月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)黄而大(da)。立(li)冬,辰(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)白芒(mang)角,土(tu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)(qi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)黄而大(da)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)当(dang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)相,不(bu)芒(mang)角,其(qi)(qi)邦大(da)弱,强国(guo)(guo)取(qu)地(di)。大(da)弱,失国(guo)(guo)亡土(tu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)有薄蚀(shi)(shi)晕(yun)珥(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此则(ze)(ze)《视职》具释(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“月(yue)(yue)有亏盈(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此则(ze)(ze)《礼运》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)五(wu)(wu)(wu)而盈(ying),三(san)五(wu)(wu)(wu)而阙”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“侧匿(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《尚书五(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“晦而月(yue)(yue)见(jian)西方(fang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),朔(shuo)而月(yue)(yue)见(jian)东(dong)方(fang)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧匿(ni)。侧匿(ni)则(ze)(ze)侯王(wang)(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)肃,则(ze)(ze)侯王(wang)(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)舒(shu)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“七(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)右(you)行(xing)列舍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),七(qi)谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),皆右(you)行(xing)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian),留(liu)伏(fu)顺逆,以见(jian)吉凶(xiong),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)祸(huo)福变移(yi)所在(zai)皆见(jian)焉”。若然,经有辰(chen)(chen),郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)所会”,直(zhi)释(shi)(shi)(shi)辰(chen)(chen)名,不(bu)解(jie)辰(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸(huo)福者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但辰(chen)(chen)与(yu)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)随天(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)行(xing),非所以见(jian)吉凶(xiong)。已见(jian)《冯相氏》,而此言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)是(shi)相将(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),挟句而言,故郑不(bu)释(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)福之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
以星土辨九州之地,所封封域,皆有分星,以观妖祥。(星土,星所主土也。封犹界也。郑司农说星土以《春秋传》曰“参为晋星”、“商主大火”,《国语》曰“岁之所在,则我有周之分野”之属是也。玄谓大界则曰九州,州中诸国中之封域,於星亦有分焉。其书亡矣。堪舆虽有郡国所入度,非古数也。今其存可言者,十二次之分也。星纪,吴越也;玄枵,齐也;И訾,卫也;降娄,鲁也;大梁,赵也;实沈,晋也;鹑首,秦也;鹑火,周也;鹑尾,楚也;寿星,郑也;大火,宋也;析木,燕也。此分野之妖祥,主用客星彗孛之气为象。
○分,扶问反(fan)(fan)(fan),注同。参,所林反(fan)(fan)(fan)。И,子须(xu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。訾,子斯(si)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。降,户(hu)江反(fan)(fan)(fan)。彗,以岁反(fan)(fan)(fan),又息遂反(fan)(fan)(fan)。孛(bei),音佩。)
[疏]“以星”至“妖祥”
○释曰:此经论北斗及二十八宿所主九州及诸国封域之妖祥所在之事。故云“以星土”也。云“辨九州之地”者,据北斗而言。云“所封封域”者,据二十八星而说。云“皆有分星”者,总解九州及诸国也。云“以观妖祥”者,据星见徵应所在,以观妖祥之事也。
○注“星土”至“为象”
○释(shi)曰:先郑所(suo)引《春秋传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)昭元年《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》,郑子产云(yun)(yun):“辰(chen)(chen)为(wei)商(shang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),参为(wei)晋星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”又襄九(jiu)(jiu)年《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun):“辰(chen)(chen)为(wei)商(shang)主大(da)火”,此所(suo)引及《国语》,皆据诸国而(er)言(yan)(yan),故增成其(qi)(qi)义,并(bing)(bing)释(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土也(ye)。後郑云(yun)(yun)“大(da)界则(ze)曰九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此解(jie)经“九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”,按(an)(an)《春秋纬·文耀钩》云(yun)(yun):“布(bu)度(du)定记(ji),分州(zhou)(zhou)系象(xiang)。华岐以龙门、积石,至(zhi)(zhi)三危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye),雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。则(ze)大(da)行以东,至(zhi)(zhi)碣石、王屋(wu)、砥柱(zhu),冀州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)枢星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。三河、雷(lei)泽,东至(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)岱以北(bei),兖州(zhou)(zhou)、青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)机星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。蒙山以东,至(zhi)(zhi)南江(jiang)、会稽、震泽,徐扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)权星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。大(da)别(bie)以东,至(zhi)(zhi)雷(lei)泽、九(jiu)(jiu)江(jiang)、荆州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)衡星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。荆山西(xi)南至(zhi)(zhi)岷山,北(bei)岖鸟(niao)鼠,梁荆,属(shu)开星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。外方、熊耳以至(zhi)(zhi)泗(si)水、陪(pei)尾,豫州(zhou)(zhou),属(shu)摇星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。此九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)属(shu)北(bei)斗。星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)七,州(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu),但衮、青(qing)、徐、扬并(bing)(bing)属(shu)二州(zhou)(zhou),故七星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)也(ye)。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义亦(yi)可(ke)知。云(yun)(yun)“州(zhou)(zhou)中诸国”已下,别(bie)释(shi)经“所(suo)封(feng)(feng)封(feng)(feng)域”,古(gu)(gu)黄帝时(shi)堪(kan)舆亡(wang),故其(qi)(qi)书亡(wang)矣。云(yun)(yun)“堪(kan)舆虽有(you)(you)郡国所(suo)入度(du),非古(gu)(gu)数”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)後代(dai)有(you)(you)作(zuo)堪(kan)舆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非古(gu)(gu)数。虽非古(gu)(gu)数,时(shi)有(you)(you)可(ke)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故云(yun)(yun)“今其(qi)(qi)存可(ke)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),十二次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。但吴越(yue)在南,齐鲁在东,今分星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或北(bei)或西(xi),不(bu)依国地(di)所(suo)在者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。此古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受封(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)在之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)(chen),国属(shu)焉故也(ye)。吴越(yue)二国同(tong)次者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)谓(wei)同(tong)年度(du)受封(feng)(feng),故同(tong)次也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此分野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖(yao)祥,主用客星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)彗(hui)(hui)(hui)孛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气为(wei)象(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》昭十七年,“冬,有(you)(you)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)孛于(yu)大(da)辰(chen)(chen)。孛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何?彗(hui)(hui)(hui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)”。何休云(yun)(yun):“孛彗(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),邪乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,扫故置新之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。”《左氏(shi)》申(shen)曰:“彗(hui)(hui)(hui)所(suo)有(you)(you)除旧布(bu)新。”如(ru)是,彗(hui)(hui)(hui)、孛一也(ye)。时(shi)为(wei)宋、卫(wei)、陈、郑灾。《天文志》彗(hui)(hui)(hui)长丈二。言(yan)(yan)用客星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彗(hui)(hui)(hui)非位,奔而(er)入他辰(chen)(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。
以十有二岁之相,观天下之妖祥。(岁谓太岁。岁星与日同次之月,斗所建之辰也。岁星为阳,右行於天,太岁为阴,左行於地,十二岁而小周。其妖祥之占,《甘氏岁星经》,其遗象也。郑司农云:“大岁所在,岁星所居。《春秋传》曰‘越得岁而吴伐之,必受其凶’之属是也。”
○相,息(xi)亮反,下同。)
[疏]“以十”至“妖祥”
○释曰:此经又以太岁以观妖祥之异耳。
○注“岁谓”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)谓(wei)大(da)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)”者(zhe)(zhe),上文已说五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)讫,以文次(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)推知(zhi)非岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)惟太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以下(xia),於上《冯相氏(shi)》释(shi)讫,郑(zheng)恐人不(bu)晓,故(gu)(gu)重言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)“太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)(suo)居”者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)欲见推太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。云(yun)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)(suo)居,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)与日同(tong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)。太(tai)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是斗所(suo)(suo)建(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰,下(xia)有(you)大(da)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“越(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)而(er)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必受其(qi)(qi)(qi)凶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),按昭(zhao)三十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“夏(xia),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)越(yue)(yue)。史(shi)墨(mo)曰:不(bu)及四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),越(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)乎(hu)!越(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)而(er)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必受其(qi)(qi)(qi)凶”。按昭(zhao)十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian),蔡复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)梁,至昭(zhao)三十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),正(zheng)应在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析木。而(er)越(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)者(zhe)(zhe),按彼服注,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)、越(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分野。蔡复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)梁,距此(ci)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)。昭(zhao)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),有(you)事於武宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),龙(long)度(du)天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men)。龙(long),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)戌,是岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)越(yue)(yue)过,故(gu)(gu)使今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)越(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。龙(long),东方宿,天(tian)(tian)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵(gui)神(shen),其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)所(suo)(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,兵(bing)必昌,向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以兵(bing)则(ze)凶。吴(wu)(wu)(wu)、越(yue)(yue)同(tong)次(ci)(ci)(ci),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)举兵(bing),故(gu)(gu)凶也(ye)(ye)。或岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)越(yue)(yue)分中,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)得(de)(de)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。史(shi)墨(mo)知(zhi)不(bu)及四十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)越(yue)(yue)有(you)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)周天(tian)(tian),存亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)不(bu)过三纪(ji)。三者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)地人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu),故(gu)(gu)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三周星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)至玄枵(xiao)。哀二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)越(yue)(yue)灭吴(wu)(wu)(wu),至此(ci)三十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)。郑(zheng)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义则(ze)不(bu)然,故(gu)(gu)《春秋(qiu)志》云(yun):“五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)各(ge)用(yong)数(shu),有(you)气(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)期(qi)远而(er)祸大(da),无(wu)气(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)期(qi)近而(er)祸小。吴(wu)(wu)(wu)越(yue)(yue)以夏(xia),周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟夏(xia)建(jian)卯,仲夏(xia)建(jian)辰,木用(yong)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时。木数(shu)三,木用(yong)事则(ze)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)王,当从远期(qi),以三乘十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)为三十(shi)(shi)六。岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)复(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo),而(er)三十(shi)(shi)七过其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),而(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)去矣,故(gu)(gu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)越(yue)(yue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)後(hou)。至哀二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),积三十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬,十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)丁(ding)亥而(er)越(yue)(yue)灭吴(wu)(wu)(wu)。按:越(yue)(yue)兴(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)哀二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)恶(e)未(wei)周,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)灭也(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)郑(zheng)义与服小异大(da)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。按《括(kuo)地象》“天(tian)(tian)不(bu)足於西北(bei)”,则(ze)西为天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men)。昭(zhao)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)正(zheng)应在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)首,越(yue)(yue)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)当在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火,是以昭(zhao)三十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)得(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji)。若然,天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)戌者(zhe)(zhe),但龙(long)度(du)天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men),正(zheng)应在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)五(wu)月(yue),日体在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)首,与岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)同(tong)次(ci)(ci)(ci),日没於戌,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)应没,由度(du)戌至酉上见而(er)不(bu)没,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)龙(long)度(du)天(tian)(tian)门(men)(men)。
以(yi)五(wu)(wu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)之物,辨吉凶、水(shui)旱(han)降丰荒之象。(物,色也。视日旁云(yun)(yun)(yun)气之色。降,下(xia)也,知(zhi)水(shui)旱(han)所下(xia)之国。郑司农云(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)二(er)至(zhi)二(er)分(fen)观(guan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)色,青为(wei)(wei)虫(chong),白为(wei)(wei)丧,赤为(wei)(wei)兵(bing)荒,黑(hei)为(wei)(wei)水(shui),黄为(wei)(wei)丰。故(gu)《春(chun)秋传》曰:‘凡分(fen)至(zhi)启闭(bi),必书云(yun)(yun)(yun)物,为(wei)(wei)备故(gu)也。’故(gu)曰凡此五(wu)(wu)物,以(yi)诏(zhao)救政。”)
[疏]“以五”至“象”
○释曰:物,色也。此五色之云,以辨吉凶也。云“水旱降丰荒”者,水旱降为荒,凶也。风雨降为丰,吉也。云“之象”者,,谓日旁云气,以见五色之云,则知吉凶也。
○注“物色”至“救政”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知“视(shi)日旁云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气之(zhi)色”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其《视(shi)职十》者(zhe)皆视(shi)日旁云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气之(zhi)色,此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)象,故(gu)知所(suo)(suo)视(shi)五云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亦视(shi)日旁云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气之(zhi)色也。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知“水旱所(suo)(suo)下(xia)之(zhi)国”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)降(jiang),明据(ju)日旁云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气,则(ze)知当(dang)十二(er)辰之(zhi)分(fen)野所(suo)(suo)下(xia)之(zhi)国有丰荒也。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)分(fen)观云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)色”者(zhe),即所(suo)(suo)引(yin)《春秋》者(zhe)是。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“青(qing)为蛊”已下(xia),盖据(ju)阴阳书得(de)知。按僖五年《左氏(shi)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“春,王正月,辛亥朔(shuo),日南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公既视(shi)朔(shuo),遂登观台以(yi)(yi)(yi)望,而书,礼(li)也。凡(fan)分(fen)、至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、启、闭,必书云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)物,为备故(gu)也。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“分(fen),春、秋分(fen)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冬(dong)(dong)、夏至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。启,立(li)春、立(li)夏。闭,立(li)秋、立(li)冬(dong)(dong)。”据(ju)八节而言也。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)下(xia)文凡(fan)此五物者(zhe),欲见《春秋》与此相当(dang)故(gu)也。
以十有(you)(you)二风察(cha)天地之和(he),命乖(guai)别之妖祥。(十有(you)(you)二辰皆有(you)(you)风,吹其律以知和(he)不(bu)(bu),其道亡矣(yi)。《春秋》襄十八年(nian),楚(chu)师伐(fa)郑,师旷曰:“吾(wu)骤歌北风,又歌南风,南风不(bu)(bu)竞,多死声,楚(chu)必(bi)无(wu)功。”是时楚(chu)师多冻,其命乖(guai)别审矣(yi)。)
[疏]“以十”至“妖祥”
○释曰:此一经欲见十二辰顺律气,以知妖祥之事。
○注“十有”至“审矣”
○释曰(yue):郑知十(shi)(shi)二风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)是十(shi)(shi)二辰气(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe),师(shi)旷云(yun)(yun)(yun)歌北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、南风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),皆(jie)(jie)据(ju)十(shi)(shi)二辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),故(gu)知风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)即(ji)气(qi)(qi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“吹其(qi)律以(yi)知和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),其(qi)道亡”者(zhe)(zhe),郑亦按(an)师(shi)旷吹律,而(er)知此(ci)气(qi)(qi)亦当吹律也(ye)。今无(wu)吹律之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)道亡。引(yin)襄十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年者(zhe)(zhe),是时郑属晋,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复事(shi)楚,楚师(shi)伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),晋为(wei)(wei)(wei)盟主(zhu)(zhu),欲(yu)救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)师(shi)旷吹律,以(yi)观楚强(qiang)弱(ruo)。按(an):彼服注“北风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),无(wu)射夹(jia)锺以(yi)北。南风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沽洗(xi)以(yi)南吕以(yi)南”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“命乖别审(shen)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)南风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)弱(ruo),即(ji)知楚无(wu)功,是其(qi)命楚师(shi)乖离别审(shen)矣(yi)。按(an)《考异邮》曰(yue):阳(yang)立(li)于五(wu)(wu),极(ji)于九,五(wu)(wu)九四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),日一变以(yi)阴合阳(yang),故(gu)八(ba)卦主(zhu)(zhu)八(ba)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),距(ju)同(tong),各(ge)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)日。《艮》为(wei)(wei)(wei)条(tiao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《震》为(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)庶风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《巽》为(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《离》为(wei)(wei)(wei)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《坤》为(wei)(wei)(wei)凉风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《兑(dui)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)阊(chang)阖风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《乾(qian)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《坎》为(wei)(wei)(wei)广莫(mo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。按(an)《通卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi),广莫(mo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)大寒、小寒,皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)立(li)春,条(tiao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)雨(yu)水,猛(meng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)二惊(jing)蛰,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)春分,明(ming)庶风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)明(ming),雷(lei)鸣(ming)雨(yu)下,清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)玄鸟来,雨(yu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。立(li)夏(xia),清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)小满,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)芒种(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi),小暑(shu)(shu)、大暑(shu)(shu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。立(li)秋,凉风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)处暑(shu)(shu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。白露(lu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。秋风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),凉风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)寒露(lu)、霜降,皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。立(li)冬(dong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周(zhou)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。至(zhi)(zhi)小雪(xue)、大雪(xue)皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”。如是,无(wu)十(shi)(shi)二风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),何(he)云(yun)(yun)(yun)十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)乎(hu)?按(an)《通卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)、六月(yue)(yue)(yue)、九月(yue)(yue)(yue)、十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),惟有(you)八(ba)以(yi)当八(ba)卦。八(ba)节云(yun)(yun)(yun)十(shi)(shi)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《乾(qian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)渐九月(yue)(yue)(yue),《坤》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)渐八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue),《艮》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)渐十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),《巽》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)渐三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。故(gu)清(qing)(qing)明(ming)节次云(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),立(li)夏(xia)复云(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),是清(qing)(qing)明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)复主(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue),则(ze)其(qi)馀四(si)(si)(si)维之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)主(zhu)(zhu)两月(yue)(yue)(yue)可知。雨(yu)水猛(meng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)与条(tiao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俱在正月(yue)(yue)(yue),则(ze)猛(meng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)非(fei)八(ba)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
凡此五物者,以诏(zhao)救政(zheng),访(fang)序事。(访(fang),谋也。见其(qi)(qi)象则当豫为之备,以诏(zhao)王救其(qi)(qi)政(zheng),且谋今年(nian)天时(shi)占(zhan)相所宜,次序其(qi)(qi)事。)
[疏]“凡此”至“序事”
○释曰:此经总计(ji)上(shang)五(wu)经文(wen)。云“凡此五(wu)物(wu)”者,谓从掌天星(xing)以下五(wu)经,并(bing)是(shi)已见之物(wu),有此五(wu)事(shi)。云“诏”者,诏,告也,告王改德(de)政,以备之以救止前之恶政。云“访序事(shi)”者,谓事(shi)未至(zhi)者,预告王,访谋今(jin)年(nian)天时占相所宜,次叙其事(shi),使不失所也。
内史掌王之八枋之法,以诏王治。一曰爵,二曰禄,三曰废,四曰置,五曰杀,六曰生,七曰子,八曰夺。(大宰既以诏王,内史又居中贰之。
○柄,本又作枋,兵病反。治,直吏反,下(xia)同。)
[疏]“内史”至“曰夺”
○释曰(yue):按(an):大宰(zai)有诛无杀(sha),此(ci)有杀(sha)无诛者,诛与(yu)杀(sha)相(xiang)因,欲见(jian)为过(guo)不(bu)(bu)止则杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)。假(jia)令过(guo)失已丽於法,内之(zhi)(zhi)圜(yuan)(yuan)土。《司圜(yuan)(yuan)职》云“掌收教罢民”又云“不(bu)(bu)能改而出圜(yuan)(yuan)土者,杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)”,是因过(guo)而致杀(sha)也(ye)。八者不(bu)(bu)与(yu)大宰(zai)次第同者,亦欲见(jian)事起无常(chang),故不(bu)(bu)依本也(ye)。
执国(guo)法(fa)(fa)及国(guo)令之(zhi)贰,以考政事,以逆会计。(国(guo)法(fa)(fa),六典、八法(fa)(fa)、八则。)
[疏]“执国”至“会计”
○释曰:以内史掌爵禄杀生之事,故执国法及国令之贰者。国法,大宰掌其正。国令,谓若凡国之政令,故亦掌其贰。因即句考其政事及会计,以知得失善恶而诛赏也。
○注“国法”至“八则”
○释曰:按《太(tai)宰》则皆训为法,故知(zhi)国法中(zhong)含有六典、八法、八则也。
掌(zhang)叙(xu)事之法,受纳(na)访以(yi)诏王听(ting)治。(叙(xu),六叙(xu)也。纳(na)访,纳(na)谋於王也。六叙(xu)六曰(yue)以(yi)叙(xu)听(ting)其情。)
[疏]注“叙六”至“其情”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“叙,六叙也”者(zhe),按《小宰职(zhi)》有六序(xu)。六序(xu)之(zhi)内云(yun)“六曰(yue)以序(xu)听其情(qing)”,是其听治(zhi)之(zhi)法也。
凡命诸侯及孤卿大夫,则策命之。(郑司农说以《春秋传》曰“王命内史兴父策命晋侯为侯伯”。策谓以简策书王命。其文曰:“王谓叔父,敬服王命,以绥四国,纠逖王慝。”晋侯三辞,从命,受策以出。
○父,音(yin)甫。逖,吐(tu)历反。慝,吐(tu)得反。)
[疏]“凡命”至“命之”
○释曰:周法爵及士,馀文更不见命士之法,明士亦内史命之。不言者,以其贱,略之也。
○注“郑司”至“以出”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此(ci)事见僖(xi)二(er)十(shi)八年《左氏传(chuan)》。以晋文公败(bai)楚(chu)於城濮(pu),王(wang)命为侯伯(bo)之(zhi)长。按《曲(qu)礼(li)》云(yun):“大国曰(yue)伯(bo)父,州(zhou)牧曰(yue)叔(shu)父。”晋既(ji)大国而(er)云(yun)叔(shu)父者,王(wang)以州(zhou)牧之(zhi)礼(li)命之(zhi)故也。
凡(fan)四(si)方之事书,内史(shi)读(du)之。(若(ruo)今尚(shang)书入省事。)
[疏]“凡四”至“读之”
○释曰:言“四方之事书”者,诸侯凡事有书奏白於王,内史读示王。
○注“若今”至“省事”
○释曰:汉(han)法奏事读(du)之,故举以况之也。
王制禄,则赞为之,以方出之。(赞为之,为之辞也。郑司农云:“以方出之,以方版书而出之。上农夫食九人,其次食八人,其次食七人,其次食六人,下农夫食五人。庶人在官者,其禄以是为差。诸侯之下士视上农夫,禄足以代其耕也。中士倍下士,上士倍中士,下大夫倍上士,卿四大夫禄,君十卿禄。”杜子春云:“方,直谓今时牍也。”玄谓《王制》曰:“王之三公视公侯,卿视伯,大夫视子男,元士视附庸。”
○食(shi),音似,下同。牍,音独(du)。)
[疏]注“赞为”至“附庸”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)云(yun)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)农夫(fu)”已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),皆《礼记·王(wang)(wang)制》文。按彼所释,凡地有(you)九(jiu)(jiu)等(deng)(deng)。按《遂人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)》注(zhu):“有(you)夫(fu)有(you)妇乃成家(jia)。自(zi)二人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)等(deng)(deng)。”则地有(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。若然,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)地之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)地,食(shi)(shi)十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。今言上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)农夫(fu)食(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)言上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)食(shi)(shi)十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)取下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士食(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)禄,与上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)地食(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同,故(gu)据(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而言也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“其次(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,据(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)地。云(yun)“其次(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)七人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)地。云(yun)“其次(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)六人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)地。云(yun)“其次(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)地。又不(bu)(bu)言下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)地食(shi)(shi)四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)四(si)等(deng)(deng),当庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在官者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)府史胥徒,其禄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)差,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)言四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)。若然,则府食(shi)(shi)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),史食(shi)(shi)七人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),胥食(shi)(shi)六人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒食(shi)(shi)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),故(gu)云(yun)庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在官者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其禄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)差也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士视上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)农夫(fu),禄足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代其耕也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)从下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)禄转(zhuan)多,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)为(wei)(wei)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)增之(zhi)(zhi)。杜子春(chun)云(yun)“方(fang),直(zhi)谓(wei)今时牍也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古(gu)时名为(wei)(wei)方(fang),汉时名为(wei)(wei)牍,故(gu)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说之(zhi)(zhi)。“玄谓(wei)《王(wang)(wang)制》曰”已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)增成其义,欲(yu)见(jian)此(ci)经(jing)所云(yun)据(ju)王(wang)(wang)臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)本,故(gu)先郑(zheng)、後郑(zheng)内外兼见(jian)。
赏赐亦如之。
[疏]“赏赐亦如之”
○释曰:此谓王以恩惠赏(shang)赐臣下之禄,亦以方书赞为(wei)之辞(ci)。按《司勋职》,凡赏(shang)无常,轻重视功(gong),功(gong)多则(ze)多,功(gong)少(shao)则(ze)少(shao)耳。
内史掌书王命,遂(sui)贰(er)之。(副写(xie)藏之。)
[疏]“内史”至“贰之”
○释曰:谓王有诏敕颁之事,则当副写一(yi)通,藏(zang)之以待勘校也。
外史掌书外令,(王令下畿外。
○下,户嫁反。)
[疏]注“王令下畿外”
○释曰(yue):经(jing)(jing)典凡言(yan)(yan)四方及(ji)外者,据(ju)畿(ji)外而言(yan)(yan),经(jing)(jing)言(yan)(yan)外,因知王下畿(ji)外之(zhi)命也(ye)。
掌四方之志,(志,记也。谓若鲁之《春秋》、晋之《乘》、楚之《杌》。
○乘,绳正(zheng)反(fan)。,徒刀(dao)反(fan)。杌(wu),五忽反(fan)。)
[疏]注“志记”至“杌”
○释曰:谓若(ruo)鲁之(zhi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)等(deng),孟(meng)子文。名(ming)(ming)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》者(zhe)(zhe),谓四(si)时之(zhi)书,春(chun)为(wei)阳(yang)之(zhi)首,秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)阴(yin)之(zhi)先,故举春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)以包四(si)时也(ye)。云(yun)“晋谓之(zhi)《乘(cheng)》”者(zhe)(zhe),春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)出军之(zhi)法(fa),甸(dian)方八里,出长(zhang)毂一(yi)乘(cheng),故名(ming)(ming)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》为(wei)《乘(cheng)》也(ye)。云(yun)“楚(chu)谓之(zhi)《杌(wu)(wu)(wu)》”者(zhe)(zhe),杌(wu)(wu)(wu),谓恶(e)兽。《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》者(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)史(shi),不避君之(zhi)善恶(e),事(shi)同杌(wu)(wu)(wu),故谓《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》为(wei)杌(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。皆是国异故史(shi)异名(ming)(ming)也(ye)。引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),欲见《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》是记事(shi),云(yun)与四(si)方之(zhi)志为(wei)一(yi),故也(ye)。
掌三皇五帝之书,(楚灵王所谓《三坟》、《五典》。
○坟,扶云(yun)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“楚灵”至“五典”
○释曰:按(an)(an)《孝(xiao)经(jing)纬》云:“三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇无(wu)(wu)文(wen),五帝画象,三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)肉刑(xing)。”又(you)《世本·作(zuo)》云“苍颉造文(wen)字”,苍颉,黄帝之(zhi)史(shi),则文(wen)字起於黄帝。今(jin)此云五帝之(zhi)书(shu)为可(ke),而(er)云三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇之(zhi)书(shu)者,三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇虽无(wu)(wu)文(wen),以(yi)有(you)文(wen)字之(zhi)後,仰录三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇时(shi)事,故(gu)云掌三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇之(zhi)书(shu)也。按(an)(an)昭十(shi)二年,楚灵王(wang)谓左史(shi)倚相能读(du)《三(san)(san)(san)(san)坟》、《五典》、《八(ba)索(suo)》、《九丘》。彼《三(san)(san)(san)(san)坟》,三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇时(shi)书(shu)。《五典》,五帝之(zhi)常(chang)典。《八(ba)索(suo)》,八(ba)王(wang)之(zhi)法。《九丘》,九州亡国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)戒(jie)。下有(you)延叔坚、马季长等,所说不同(tong)(tong),惟孔安国(guo)(guo)《尚(shang)书(shu)序》解(jie)《三(san)(san)(san)(san)坟》、《五典》与郑同(tong)(tong)。以(yi)无(wu)(wu)正文(wen),故(gu)所解(jie)有(you)异(yi)。
掌(zhang)达书(shu)名于(yu)四方(fang)(fang)。(谓若《尧典》、《禹贡(gong)》,达此名使知之(zhi)。或曰(yue):古曰(yue)名,今曰(yue)字,使四方(fang)(fang)知书(shu)之(zhi)文字,得能读之(zhi)。)
[疏]注“谓若”至“读之”
○释曰(yue):《尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》有《尧典(dian)》、《舜典(dian)》、《禹贡》之(zhi)(zhi)等,是《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇名(ming)(ming)。《聘礼记》云(yun):“百名(ming)(ming)以上(shang),书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)於策。不满百名(ming)(ming),书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)於方。”其文字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)俱是书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming),此(ci)经宜云(yun)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming),未知何(he)者之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming),故(gu)郑两解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“古曰(yue)名(ming)(ming),今曰(yue)字(zi)”,古者之(zhi)(zhi)文字(zi)少,直(zhi)曰(yue)名(ming)(ming),後代文字(zi)多,则曰(yue)字(zi)。字(zi)者,滋也,滋益而名(ming)(ming),故(gu)更(geng)称曰(yue)字(zi),正(zheng)其名(ming)(ming)字(zi),使四方知而读之(zhi)(zhi)也。
若以书使于四方,则书其令。(书王令以授使者。
○使(shi),所吏反,注同(tong)。)