●卷四
占梦掌其岁时,观天地之会,辨阴阳之气,(其岁时,今岁四时也。天地之会,建厌所处之日辰。阴阳之气,休王前後。
○梦,本又作梦,音同。厌,於(wu)琰(yan)反。王,于况(kuang)反。)
[疏]注“其岁”至“前後”
○释曰:郑云(yun)(yun)“其岁(sui)时(shi)(shi),今岁(sui)四(si)时(shi)(shi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之会(hui),阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之气,年年不同(tong)。若今历日(ri),今岁(sui)亦与前岁(sui)不同(tong),故云(yun)(yun)今岁(sui)四(si)时(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之会(hui),建(jian)(jian)厌所(suo)处之日(ri)辰”者(zhe)(zhe),建(jian)(jian),谓斗柄所(suo)建(jian)(jian),谓之阳(yang)(yang)建(jian)(jian),故左还(hai)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。厌,谓日(ri)前一(yi)次,谓之阴(yin)(yin)建(jian)(jian),故右还(hai)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。故《堪(kan)舆》天(tian)(tian)(tian)老曰:假令正月(yue)阳(yang)(yang)建(jian)(jian)於(wu)寅,阴(yin)(yin)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)戌(xu),日(ri)辰者(zhe)(zhe),日(ri)据,辰据支。云(yun)(yun)“阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之气,休(xiu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)前後”者(zhe)(zhe),案《春(chun)(chun)秋纬(wei)》云(yun)(yun)“生(sheng)(sheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)休(xiu),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)死,相所(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)囚(qiu)(qiu)。”假令春(chun)(chun)之三(san)月(yue)木(mu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),水生(sheng)(sheng)木(mu),水休(xiu)。木(mu)胜土,土死。木(mu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),火相王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)相。相所(suo)胜者(zhe)(zhe)囚(qiu)(qiu),火胜金,春(chun)(chun)三(san)月(yue)金囚(qiu)(qiu)。以(yi)此(ci)推之,火王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)金王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)水王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)义可知。观此(ci)建(jian)(jian)厌所(suo)在(zai),辨阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之气,以(yi)知吉(ji)凶也。
以日、月、星辰占六梦之吉凶。(日月星辰,谓日月之行及合辰所在。《春秋》昭三十一年:“十二月辛亥朔,日有食之。是夜也,晋赵简子梦童子倮而转以歌,旦而日食,占诸史墨。对曰:‘六年及此月也,吴其入郢乎,终亦弗克。入郢必以庚辰,日月在辰尾。庚午之日,日始有谪。火胜金,故弗克。’”必以日月星辰占梦者。其术则今八会其遗象也,用占梦则亡。
○倮,鲁火反(fan)。转,如字(zi),又(you)张恋反(fan)。郢,以井反(fan)。刘(liu),馀政反(fan)。,直(zhi)革反(fan)。)
[疏]“以日”至“吉凶”
○释曰:六梦者,即下云“一曰”、“二曰”是也。以日月星辰占知者,谓夜作梦,旦於日月星辰以占其梦,以知吉凶所在。
○注“日月”至“则云“”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):张逸问(wen)(wen):“《占(zhan)梦》注云(yun)(yun):‘《春秋》昭三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛(xin)亥(hai)朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)食之(zhi)。是(shi)夜(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye),赵(zhao)简子梦童子倮而(er)(er)转以(yi)(yi)(yi)歌(ge),旦而(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食,占(zhan)诸史墨。对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):六(liu)年(nian)及此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)入郢(ying)(ying)(ying)乎,终亦(yi)弗克(ke)(ke)。入郢(ying)(ying)(ying)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)庚(geng)辰(chen)(chen)(chen),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)尾(wei)。庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)始有(you)(you)(you)(you)谪。火(huo)(huo)胜(sheng)金(jin)(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)弗克(ke)(ke)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)占(zhan)梦者。’不知(zhi)何术占(zhan)之(zhi),前问(wen)(wen)不了。”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)尾(wei),夏之(zhi)九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),辰(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)(zai)房(fang),未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)尾(wei)星(xing)。建戌(xu)厌寅,寅与(yu)申(shen)对(dui),辰(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)戌(xu)对(dui),申(shen)近(jin)庚(geng),辰(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)戌(xu)对(dui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)庚(geng)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)。辰(chen)(chen)(chen)下为(wei)主(zhu)人,故(gu)(gu)(gu)于为(wei)主(zhu)人。金(jin)(jin)侵火(huo)(huo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不胜(sheng)。虽不胜(sheng)即复(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)弗克(ke)(ke)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)气,时九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)甲(jia)(jia)子篇,辛(xin)亥(hai)在(zai)(zai)甲(jia)(jia)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)篇也(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)甲(jia)(jia)戌(xu)、甲(jia)(jia)申(shen)、甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)(wu),成一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。从庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下四(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),从甲(jia)(jia)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)至辛(xin)亥(hai)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),并(bing)之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),通同(tong)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。”如是(shi),庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),当在(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言时得九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言虽不胜(sheng)即复(fu)(fu)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)庚(geng)金(jin)(jin)午(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)位(wei)相连(lian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)虽不胜(sheng)即复(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽不胜(sheng)者,吴(wu)(wu)(wu)君臣(chen)争宫(gong),秦救复(fu)(fu)至,不能定楚(chu)(chu),是(shi)其(qi)(qi)不胜(sheng)。不能损吴(wu)(wu)(wu),是(shi)明即复(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“何知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)厌对(dui)之(zhi)义(yi)乎?”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“按(an)《堪舆》黄帝问(wen)(wen)天(tian)老(lao)事云(yun)(yun):‘四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),阳(yang)建於巳,破(po)於亥(hai)。阴(yin)建於未(wei)(wei),破(po)於癸。’是(shi)为(wei)阳(yang)破(po)阴(yin),阴(yin)破(po)阳(yang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)癸亥(hai),为(wei)阴(yin)阳(yang)交会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)丁巳,为(wei)阴(yin)阳(yang)交会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。言未(wei)(wei)破(po)癸者,即是(shi)未(wei)(wei)与(yu)丑对(dui)而(er)(er)近(jin)癸也(ye)(ye)(ye)。交会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)惟(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若有(you)(you)(you)(you)变异之(zhi)时,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)建厌对(dui)配之(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“则今八会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)其(qi)(qi)遗象(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)《堪舆》,大(da)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八也(ye)(ye)(ye),小会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八。服氏云(yun)(yun):“是(shi)岁,岁在(zai)(zai)析木,後(hou)六(liu)年(nian)在(zai)(zai)大(da)梁,大(da)梁水宗。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)星(xing)纪,为(wei)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)国分。楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)先,颛顼之(zhi)子老(lao)童,老(lao)童楚(chu)(chu)象(xiang)行歌(ge),象(xiang)楚(chu)(chu)走哭姬姓,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)星(xing)纪,星(xing)纪之(zhi)分,姬姓吴(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。楚(chu)(chu)衰则吴(wu)(wu)(wu)得志(zhi),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)世世与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)怨。楚(chu)(chu)走去其(qi)(qi)国,故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)入郢(ying)(ying)(ying)。吴(wu)(wu)(wu)属水,水数六(liu),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)水位(wei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)六(liu)年(nian)及此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)(er)食,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)终亦(yi)不克(ke)(ke)。”又(you)彼注云(yun)(yun):“後(hou)六(liu)年(nian),定四(si)(si)年(nian)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闰馀(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七,闰在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)後(hou)。其(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)晦(hui),晦(hui),庚(geng)辰(chen)(chen)(chen),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)入郢(ying)(ying)(ying),在(zai)(zai)立冬後(hou),复(fu)(fu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛(xin)亥(hai),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)於龙尾(wei)而(er)(er)食,庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)初有(you)(you)(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)庚(geng)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)。一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)尾(wei),尾(wei)为(wei)亡(wang)臣(chen),是(shi)岁吴(wu)(wu)(wu)始用子胥之(zhi)谋以(yi)(yi)(yi)伐(fa)楚(chu)(chu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)天(tian)垂象(xiang)。”又(you)注云(yun)(yun):“午(wu)(wu)火(huo)(huo)庚(geng)金(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye),火(huo)(huo)当胜(sheng)金(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)罚有(you)(you)(you)(you),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)不克(ke)(ke)。晋,诸侯之(zhi)霸(ba),与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)同(tong)盟(meng)。赵(zhao)简子为(wei)执政之(zhi)卿,远夷将(jiang)伐(fa)同(tong)盟(meng),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)应之(zhi)食,故(gu)(gu)(gu)梦发简子。”服氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)始,火(huo)(huo)胜(sheng)金(jin)(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不克(ke)(ke)入楚(chu)(chu),必以(yi)(yi)(yi)庚(geng)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)与(yu)郑义(yi)别,其(qi)(qi)馀(yu)略相依也(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“周之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),夏之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夏体(ti)正应在(zai)(zai)析木,而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)在(zai)(zai)星(xing)纪?”何答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“据此(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie),故(gu)(gu)(gu)举言之(zhi)。”成长以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)误(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)梦,盖三王同(tong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)梦法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
一曰正梦,(无所感动,平(ping)安自梦。)
[疏]注“无所”至“自梦”
○释(shi)曰:郑知(zhi)无感(gan)动平(ping)安自梦者,以其言(yan)正,是平(ping)安之义,故知(zhi)“无所感(gan)动,平(ping)安自梦”。
二曰噩梦,(杜子春云:“噩当为惊愕之愕,谓惊愕而梦。”
○噩,五各反,注“鄂(e)”同。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“而梦”
○释曰:以其言(yan)噩(e),噩(e)是惊愕(e)之(zhi)意,故子春(chun)读“噩(e)”从“惊愕(e)”解之(zhi)。
三曰思梦,(觉时所思念之而梦。
○觉,芳孝(xiao)反(fan),下同。)
[疏]注“觉时”至“而梦”
○释(shi)曰:以其思是(shi)思念(nian)(nian)之意(yi),故(gu)解云“觉时所(suo)思念(nian)(nian)而(er)梦”也。
四曰寤梦,(觉时道之而梦。
○寤,本(ben)又作粗,五故反。)
[疏]注“觉时道之而梦”
○释曰(yue):以其字为觉(jue)寤之字,故知觉(jue)寤时(shi)道之,睡(shui)而(er)梦(meng)也。
五曰喜梦(meng),(嘉悦而梦(meng)。)
[疏]注“喜悦而梦”
○释曰:以其字(zi)为喜说之字(zi),故知未睡心说,睡而为梦(meng)。
六(liu)曰惧梦。(恐惧而梦。)
[疏]注“恐惧而梦”
○释曰:以(yi)其字为恐惧(ju)之字,故云“恐惧(ju)而梦”。
季冬,聘王梦,献吉梦于王,王拜而受之;(聘,问也。梦者,事之祥。吉凶之占,在日月星辰。季冬,日穷于次,月穷于纪,星回于天,数将几终,於是发币而问焉,若休庆之云尔。因献群臣之吉梦於王,归美焉。《诗》云“牧人乃梦,众维鱼矣,维矣”,此所献吉梦。
○几,如(ru)字,又音祈。)
[疏]“季冬”至“受之”
○释曰:季冬,岁终除旧恶,拟来岁布新善,故问王梦之善恶。梦恶者,赠去之,下文是也。“献吉梦於王”者,归美於王。
○注“聘问”至“吉梦”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“梦(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),事(shi)之祥”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若对文,祯祥是(shi)善(shan),妖孽是(shi)恶。散文,祥中可以兼恶。梦(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)吉(ji)有(you)恶,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)梦(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)事(shi)之祥也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“吉(ji)凶之占,在日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)辰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即上文以日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)辰占六梦(meng)(meng)之吉(ji)凶是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“季冬(dong),日(ri)穷于(yu)次(ci)(ci)(ci),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穷於(wu)纪(ji),星(xing)(xing)(xing)回於(wu)天,数将几(ji)终(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》文。日(ri)穷於(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),次(ci)(ci)(ci),谓(wei)(wei)日(ri)辰所在。季冬(dong)日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)于(yu)玄枵(xiao),是(shi)日(ri)穷於(wu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穷於(wu)纪(ji),谓(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)纪(ji),日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)五星(xing)(xing)(xing)会(hui)聚之处(chu)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),谓(wei)(wei)斗建所在。十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)斗建丑,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穷於(wu)纪(ji)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)回於(wu)天者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),星(xing)(xing)(xing),谓(wei)(wei)二十(shi)八宿,十(shi)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)复位(wei)。此(ci)(ci)十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)未到本位(wei),故(gu)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)回於(wu)天。数将几(ji)终(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),几(ji),近也(ye)(ye)(ye)。至此(ci)(ci)十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),历数将终(zhong)。云(yun)(yun)“於(wu)是(shi)发币而问焉,若休(xiu)庆(qing)之云(yun)(yun)尔”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以礼动(dong)不虚,必以币帛(bo)行礼,乃(nai)始问王(wang),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)发币而问焉。休(xiu),美也(ye)(ye)(ye)。问王(wang)梦(meng)(meng)若美庆(qing)云(yun)(yun)尔。云(yun)(yun)“因献群臣之吉(ji)梦(meng)(meng)於(wu)王(wang),归美焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)吉(ji)梦(meng)(meng)由於(wu)群臣。君(jun)统臣功(gong),故(gu)献吉(ji)梦(meng)(meng)归美於(wu)王(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“牧人(ren)乃(nai)梦(meng)(meng)”,是(shi)《无羊(yang)》美宣王(wang)诗(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。牧人(ren)乃(nai)梦(meng)(meng)“众维(wei)(wei)鱼矣(yi),维(wei)(wei)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),牧人(ren),谓(wei)(wei)牧牛羊(yang)之人(ren)。故(gu)注(zhu)“众维(wei)(wei)鱼矣(yi)”,丰年(nian)之祥,所以聚众。引之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证献吉(ji)庆(qing)之事(shi)。
乃舍萌于四方,以赠恶梦,(杜子春读“萌”为“明”,或云:“其字当为明。明谓欧疫也。谓岁竟逐疫,置四方。书亦或为明。”玄谓舍读为释,舍萌犹释采也。古书释菜释奠多作舍字。萌,菜始生也。裕送也。欲以新善去故恶。
○舍,音(yin)释,注舍萌同。萌,亡耕反。去,起(qi)吕反。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“故恶”
○释(shi)曰(yue):子春(chun)之说,舍萌(meng)为欧(ou),疫案下文(wen)自有(you)欧(ou),疫於此(ci)以舍萌(meng)为之,其义(yi)不(bu)同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑不(bu)从(cong)。玄谓“舍萌(meng)犹(you)释(shi)采(cai)也(ye)”者(zhe),按《王制》有(you)释(shi)采(cai)奠币之事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)从(cong)之。云(yun)“萌(meng),菜(cai)始生也(ye)”者(zhe),案《乐记》“区萌(meng)达(da)”,郑注云(yun):“屈(qu)生曰(yue)区,芒而(er)直出(chu)曰(yue)萌(meng)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)知萌(meng),菜(cai)始生者(zhe)。云(yun)“欲以新(xin)善去(qu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)恶”者(zhe),旧岁将尽,新(xin)年方至,故(gu)(gu)(gu)於此(ci)时赠去(qu)恶梦(meng)。
遂令始难欧疫。(令,令方相氏也。难,谓执兵以有难也。方相氏蒙熊皮,黄金四目,玄衣朱裳,执戈扬盾,帅百隶为之欧疫厉鬼也。故书“难”或为“傩”。杜子春难读为难问之难,其字当作难。《月令》:季春之月,命国傩,九门磔禳,以毕春气。仲秋之月,天子乃傩,以达秋气。季冬之月,命有司大傩,旁磔,出土牛,以送寒气。
○难,戚乃多反,刘依(yi)杜(du)乃旦反,注(zhu)以意求之,傩字亦同。磔,涉百反。禳(rang),如羊反。)
[疏]“遂令始难欧疫”
○释曰:因事曰遂。上经赠恶梦,遂令方相氏始难欧疫。
○注“令令”至“寒气”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“令(ling)(ling),令(ling)(ling)方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)”,以(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)专主难(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)令(ling)(ling)方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“难(nan)(nan)(nan),谓(wei)(wei)执(zhi)兵以(yi)(yi)有难(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)引《方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)》以(yi)(yi)下是(shi)也(ye)。杜子(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)“难(nan)(nan)(nan)读为(wei)难(nan)(nan)(nan)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其难(nan)(nan)(nan)去(qu)疫疠(li),故(gu)为(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)读。又引《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》云(yun)(yun)“季(ji)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),命国(guo)难(nan)(nan)(nan)”,案彼(bi)郑(zheng)注“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,日(ri)行历昴(mao),昴(mao)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)陵(ling)积尸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)佚则厉鬼随而(er)出(chu)(chu)行”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“命国(guo)难(nan)(nan)(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)、诸侯有国(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)令(ling)(ling)难(nan)(nan)(nan)。去(qu)“九门磔禳(rang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),九门,依彼(bi)注,路门、应(ying)、雉、库、皋、国(guo)、近(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)、远郊(jiao)(jiao)、关,张磔牲体,禳(rang)去(qu)恶气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)毕(bi)(bi)春(chun)(chun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),毕(bi)(bi),尽也(ye)。季(ji)春(chun)(chun)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)尽春(chun)(chun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。云(yun)(yun)“仲秋(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)乃难(nan)(nan)(nan),以(yi)(yi)达秋(qiu)(qiu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按彼(bi)郑(zheng)注“阳(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)左行,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)宿(su)直昴(mao)毕(bi)(bi),昴(mao)毕(bi)(bi)亦(yi)得(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)陵(ling)积尸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)佚则疠(li)鬼亦(yi)随而(er)出(chu)(chu)行”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)通达秋(qiu)(qiu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)难(nan)(nan)(nan)阳(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),故(gu)惟(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)。云(yun)(yun)“季(ji)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),命有司大(da)(da)(da)(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan),旁磔出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)牛,以(yi)(yi)送(song)寒(han)(han)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按彼(bi)郑(zheng)注“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,日(ri)历虚(xu)危(wei),虚(xu)危(wei)有坟墓(mu)四(si)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),为(wei)厉鬼将随强(qiang)阴(yin)出(chu)(chu)害人(ren)也(ye)”,故(gu)难(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。命有司者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)命方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)。言大(da)(da)(da)(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)下至(zhi)庶人(ren)皆得(de)难(nan)(nan)(nan)。言旁磔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang),於四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门,皆张磔牲体。云(yun)(yun)“出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)牛,以(yi)(yi)送(song)寒(han)(han)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun):“出(chu)(chu),犹作也(ye)。作土(tu)(tu)牛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),丑为(wei)牛,牛可牵可止。送(song),犹毕(bi)(bi)也(ye)。”故(gu)作土(tu)(tu)牛以(yi)(yi)送(song)寒(han)(han)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)所(suo)(suo)引,虽引三时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)(nan)(nan),惟(wei)即季(ji)冬(dong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan)。知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)始难(nan)(nan)(nan)文承季(ji)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)氏(shi)亦(yi)据季(ji)冬(dong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)难(nan)(nan)(nan)而(er)言。
视掌十之法,以观妖祥,辨吉凶。(妖祥,善恶之徵,郑司农云:“谓日光К也。”
○,音运。К,音气(qi),本亦作气(qi)。)
[疏]“视”至“吉凶”
○释曰:按下十等,惟一曰言,故据一曰以为官首。言“掌十之法”者,“一曰”以下十等,多是日旁之气。言亦是日旁光,故总以言之。
○注“妖祥”至“К也”
○释曰(yue):云“妖(yao)祥(xiang),善(shan)恶(e)之徵(zhi)”者(zhe),祥(xiang)是(shi)善(shan)之徵(zhi),妖(yao)是(shi)恶(e)之徵(zhi),故言(yan)善(shan)恶(e)之徵(zhi)。此妖(yao)祥(xiang)相对。若散文,祥(xiang)亦是(shi)恶(e)徵(zhi),“亳(bo)有祥(xiang)桑”之类是(shi)也。郑司(si)农云:“谓(wei)(wei)日光气也”者(zhe),就十(shi)等之中(zhong),五日ウ,ウ,谓(wei)(wei)日食(shi),则无光气。而云十(shi)等皆谓(wei)(wei)日光气者(zhe),据多(duo)而言(yan)。
一曰,二曰象,三曰钅,四曰监,五曰ウ,六曰瞢,七曰弥,八曰叙,九曰齐,十曰想。(故书“弥”作“迷”,“齐”作“资”。郑司农云:“,阴阳气相侵也。象者,如赤鸟也。钅,谓日旁气四面反乡,如状也。监,云气临日也。ウ,日月也。瞢,日月瞢瞢无光也。弥者,白虹弥天也。叙者,云有次序也。如山在日上也。齐者,升气也。想者,光也。”玄谓钅读如“童子佩钅”之钅,谓日旁气剌日也。监,冠珥也。弥,气贯日也。齐,虹也。《诗》云“朝齐于西”。想,杂气有似可形想。
○钅,郑许规反(fan)(fan),刘思(si)随反(fan)(fan),或下圭(gui)反(fan)(fan)。瞢,七邓反(fan)(fan)。齐(qi),子(zi)兮反(fan)(fan)。乡,许亮反(fan)(fan)。,音(yin)运(yun),本亦作晕(yun),音(yin)同。虹(hong),音(yin)洪,又(you)古巷反(fan)(fan),刘古项反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“故书”至“形想”
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)经上事(shi),先(xian)郑皆解之(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)郑从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)其(qi)(qi)六,不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)其(qi)(qi)四(si)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,阴阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)相侵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),赤(chi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为阳,黑(hei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为阴,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)《春秋传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赤(chi)黑(hei)之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)赤(chi)鸟(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),楚有(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)众赤(chi)鸟(niao)(niao)在(zai)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“钅(jin)(jin),谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)面反(fan)乡,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)状也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)郑不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“监,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)临日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)郑亦不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ウ,日(ri)(ri)月食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)月如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)光消,故(gu)ウ朦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瞢(meng),日(ri)(ri)月瞢(meng)瞢(meng)无(wu)光也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)瞢(meng)瞢(meng),无(wu)光之(zhi)(zhi)貌,故(gu)知(zhi)无(wu)光。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弥者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),白虹(hong)弥天也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)故(gu)书为“迷”,後(hou)郑不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“叙(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)次(ci)(ci)叙(xu)(xu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)山在(zai)日(ri)(ri)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)此(ci)十(shi)皆在(zai)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang),叙(xu)(xu)为次(ci)(ci)叙(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)字,故(gu)知(zhi)叙(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)叙(xu)(xu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)山在(zai)日(ri)(ri)上。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),升(sheng)气(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)齐训为升(sheng),故(gu)齐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是升(sheng)气(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)後(hou)郑不(bu)(bu)破,增成其(qi)(qi)义。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“想(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辉光”,此(ci)後(hou)郑亦不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)。“玄谓(wei)钅(jin)(jin)读(du)(du)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)童子(zi)佩(pei)钅(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)钅(jin)(jin),谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)剌日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)读(du)(du)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)《兰》诗(shi)“童子(zi)佩(pei)钅(jin)(jin),能(neng)不(bu)(bu)我知(zhi)”,钅(jin)(jin)是锥(zhui)类,故(gu)为云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)剌日(ri)(ri)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“监,冠珥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)有(you)赤(chi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)(pang)(pang)(pang)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)冠耳。珥即(ji)耳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),今人犹谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)珥。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弥,气(qi)(qi)(qi)贯(guan)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)言弥,故(gu)知(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)贯(guan)日(ri)(ri)而过。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐,虹(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《尔(er)雅》くぐ,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)虹(hong)。日(ri)(ri)在(zai)东(dong),则西边见;日(ri)(ri)在(zai)西,则东(dong)边见。故(gu)引《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)齐于(yu)西”为证(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“想(xiang),杂气(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)似(si)可(ke)形想(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi)(qi)(qi)杂有(you)所象(xiang)似(si),故(gu)可(ke)形想(xiang)。
掌安(an)宅叙降(jiang)。(宅,居(ju)也(ye)。降(jiang),下(xia)(xia)也(ye)。人见妖祥(xiang)则不(bu)安(an),主安(an)其居(ju)处(chu)也(ye)。次序其凶祸所下(xia)(xia),谓(wei)禳移(yi)之。)
[疏]注“宅居”至“移之”
○释(shi)曰:掌,主也。此官主安(an)居者,人见妖祥则(ze)意不(bu)(bu)安(an),主安(an)居其处,不(bu)(bu)使(shi)不(bu)(bu)安(an)。故次叙其凶祸所(suo)下之(zhi)地,禳移之(zhi),其心则(ze)安(an)。
正岁(sui)则行事,(占梦以季冬赠(zeng)恶(e)梦,此正月而行安(an)宅之事,所以顺(shun)民。)
[疏]注“占梦”至“顺民”
○释曰:民(min)(min)心欲得除恶树善,占梦(meng)之(zhi)官以季冬赠去恶梦(meng),至此岁之(zhi)正月,行是安宅之(zhi)事(shi),顺民(min)(min)心也。
岁终则弊其事。(弊,断也,谓计其吉凶然否多少。
○弊,必世反,下注(zhu)同。断,丁乱反。)
[疏]注“弊断”至“多少”
○释曰:占梦(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)官,见有妖祥,则(ze)告之(zhi)(zhi)吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)事,其吉凶或中或否,故至岁(sui)终断计其吉凶也。云(yun)“然否多少(shao)(shao)”者(zhe),然,谓中也,知中否多少(shao)(shao),而行赏罚。
大祝掌六祝之辞,以事鬼神示,祈福祥,求永贞。一曰顺祝,二曰年祝,三曰吉祝,四曰化祝,五曰瑞祝,六曰祝。(永,长也。贞,正也。求多福,历年得正命也。郑司农云:“顺祝,顺丰年也。年祝,求永贞也。吉祝,祈福祥也。化祝,弭灾兵也。瑞祝,逆时雨、宁风旱也。祝,远罪疾。”
○祝,之(zhi)秀反(fan),後(hou)除“大祝”、“宗祝”,诸(zhu)官(guan)皆同(tong)。)
[疏]“大祝”至“祝”
○释曰:云“掌六祝之辞”者,此六辞,皆是祈祷之事,皆有辞说以告神,故云六祝之辞。云“以事鬼神示”者,此六祝,皆所以事人鬼及天神地祗。云“祈福祥,求永贞”者,祷祈者,皆所以祈福祥、求永贞之事。按“一曰”已下,其事有六,祈福祥即“三曰吉祝”是也。求永贞,“二曰年祝”是也。今特取二事为总目者,欲见馀四者亦有此福祥永贞之事故也。
○注“永长”至“罪疾”
○释曰:云“求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)多福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),历(li)年(nian)得(de)正(zheng)命也(ye)”者(zhe),经“祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang),求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)”,祈(qi)亦求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)。今郑云求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)多福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),即(ji)经祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)。历(li)年(nian)得(de)正(zheng)命,即(ji)经求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)。历(li)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上宜有(you)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),郑不(bu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),多福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上一(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),郑则该此(ci)(ci)(ci)二事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)郑历(li)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上略不(bu)言(yan)(yan)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。郑司(si)农云“顺(shun)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)顺(shun)丰年(nian)”已下,皆约《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》而说。《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有(you)顺(shun)丰年(nian),此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)顺(shun)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)(gu)知当(dang)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》顺(shun)丰年(nian)也(ye)。云“年(nian)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)”者(zhe),以祈(qi)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是命年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)知年(nian)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)。云“吉祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)”者(zhe),以其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)上总目(mu)亦有(you)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang),福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang)是吉庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)知吉祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)祈(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祥(xiang)也(ye)。云“化(hua)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),弭灾(zai)兵(bing)(bing)也(ye)”者(zhe),弭,安(an)(an)也(ye)。安(an)(an)去灾(zai)兵(bing)(bing),是化(hua)恶(e)从善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有(you)弭灾(zai)兵(bing)(bing),故(gu)(gu)知化(hua)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云“瑞(rui)(rui)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),逆(ni)时(shi)(shi)雨、宁(ning)风旱(han)也(ye)”者(zhe),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》有(you)逆(ni)时(shi)(shi)雨,宁(ning)风旱(han),此(ci)(ci)(ci)逆(ni)时(shi)(shi)雨即(ji)宁(ning)风旱(han),宁(ning)风旱(han)即(ji)逆(ni)时(shi)(shi)雨,对则异,理则通,此(ci)(ci)(ci)二者(zhe),似若天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应瑞(rui)(rui),故(gu)(gu)总谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)(rui)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。云“祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),远(yuan)罪(zui)疾”者(zhe),自此(ci)(ci)(ci)已上,差(cha)次(ci)与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》不(bu)同(tong),惟有(you)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》“远(yuan)罪(zui)疾”相当(dang),宜为一(yi)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)六祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)永贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》不(bu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),《大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》已见(jian),故(gu)(gu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》略不(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)六祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“一(yi)曰顺(shun)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”已下,差(cha)次(ci)与(yu)《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》次(ci)第不(bu)同(tong)者(zhe),欲见(jian)事(shi)(shi)起无(wu)常,故(gu)(gu)先後有(you)异。
掌六祈,以同鬼神示,一曰类,二曰造,三曰礻会,四曰,五曰攻,六曰说。(祈,枭也,谓为有灾变,号呼告于神以求福。天神、人鬼、地不和,则六疠作见,故以祈礼同之。故书“造”作“灶”,杜子春读灶为造次之造,书亦或为造,造祭於祖也。郑司农云:“类、造、礻会、、攻、说,皆祭名也。类祭于上帝。《诗》曰‘是类是’,《尔雅》曰:‘是类是,师祭也。’又曰‘乃立冢土,戎丑攸行’,《尔雅》曰:‘起大事,动大众,必先有事乎社而後出,谓之宜。故曰‘大师宜于社,造于祖,设军社,类上帝’。《司马法》曰:‘将用师,乃告于皇天上帝、日月星辰,以祷于后土、四海神、山川冢社,乃造于先王,然後冢宰徵师于诸侯曰:某国为不道,征之,以某年某月某日,师至某国。’,日月星辰山川之祭也。《春秋传》曰:‘日月星辰之神,则雪霜风雨之不时,於是乎之;山川之神,则水旱疠疫之灾,於是乎之。’”玄谓类造,加诚肃,求如志。礻会,告之以时有灾变也。攻说,则以辞责之。,如日食以朱丝萦社,攻如其鸣鼓然。董仲舒救日食,祝曰“大明,氵灭无光,奈何以阴侵阳,以卑侵尊”。是之谓说也。礻会,未闻焉。造类礻会皆有牲,攻说用币而已。
○造,七报反(fan)(fan)(fan),注下皆同。礻会(hui),戚古外反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘(liu)音会(hui)。,音咏(yong)。枭,音叫,刘(liu)音祷。为,于伪(wei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。号,尸羔反(fan)(fan)(fan)。呼,火(huo)故反(fan)(fan)(fan)。见,贤遍反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,莫驾反(fan)(fan)(fan)。萦,乌营反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,章摇反(fan)(fan)(fan)。氵,子廉反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“掌六”至“曰说”
○释曰:上经六祝,此云六祈,皆是祈祷之事,别见其文者,按《小祝》重掌六祝。云“将事侯禳祷祠之祝号”,鬼神虽和同,为事祷请,此六祈,为百神不和同,即六疠作见,而为祈祷,故云以同鬼神,是以别见其文。
○注“祈枭”至“而已”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)有(you)灾变,号呼(hu)告(gao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)福”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号呼(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)(jian)《小祝》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)祷祠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祝号”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)亦(yi)(yi)号呼(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、人鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)、地(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he),则(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)疠(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)见(jian)(jian)(jian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)礼同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)(jian)经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”,明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he),设(she)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按《五(wu)(wu)行传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)见(jian)(jian)(jian)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恭,惟(wei)(wei)金木(mu)。视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming),惟(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)。言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从,惟(wei)(wei)火(huo)金。听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聪,惟(wei)(wei)土水(shui)(shui)。思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)睿,惟(wei)(wei)金木(mu)水(shui)(shui)火(huo)土。”五(wu)(wu)行而有(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),除本五(wu)(wu),外来已(yi)则(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)疠(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),则(ze)(ze)疠(li)(li)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)作(zuo)(zuo)见(jian)(jian)(jian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)变言(yan)疠(li)(li)。杜子(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)谓(wei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)祖,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)祖”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)、造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、礻会(hui)、、攻(gong)(gong)、说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其祈(qi)祷皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)事。按後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)“类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)礻会(hui)皆(jie)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),攻(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)”,用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),亦(yi)(yi)入(ru)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)科之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)”知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼记(ji)·王(wang)制》及《尚书·泰(tai)誓》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)帝(di)也。引(yin)“《诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)》”已(yi)下(xia)(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)“师(shi)(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)某国”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从矣(yi)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),自是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)福,此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祈(qi),皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),设(she)祈(qi)礼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得将(jiang)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)《大(da)雅(ya)(ya)·皇矣(yi)》诗(shi),即(ji)引(yin)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃(nai)立冢土,戎(rong)丑攸行”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)雅(ya)(ya)·绵(mian)》诗(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)起大(da)事”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),亦(yi)(yi)释此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“乃(nai)立,引(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相副,故(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)事宜于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she),造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)祖,设(she)军(jun)(jun)社(she)(she),类(lei)于(yu)(yu)上(shang)帝(di)”,并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)《大(da)祝》下(xia)(xia)文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《司马(ma)法》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘将(jiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)师(shi)(shi)’”三字,司农语(yu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,日(ri)月星(xing)辰山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),引(yin)《春(chun)秋》为(wei)(wei)证(zheng),《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭元(yuan)年(nian),《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),郑(zheng)(zheng)子(zi)产聘晋,晋侯有(you)疾(ji),问於(wu)子(zi)产,子(zi)产对此(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)。按彼(bi)传(chuan)文(wen),“疠(li)(li)疫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾,於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)读(du)传(chuan)有(you)异(yi)。“玄谓(wei)类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),加(jia)(jia)诚肃,求(qiu)如志”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲明(ming)天(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)人鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)地(di)(di)祗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)名类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)加(jia)(jia)诚肃,求(qiu)如志。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻会(hui),告(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时有(you)灾变也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《春(chun)秋》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)雪霜风雨水(shui)(shui)旱疠(li)(li)疫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时,於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礻会(hui)虽未(wei)(wei)闻(wen),礻会(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礻会(hui)亦(yi)(yi)灾变。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),引(yin)《论(lun)语(yu)》及董仲(zhong)舒,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“,如日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝萦(ying)社(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按庄公(gong)二十五(wu)(wu)年(nian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)月,“辛未(wei)(wei)朔,日(ri)有(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鼓用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)”。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)曷为(wei)(wei)鼓用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)?求(qiu)乎(hu)阴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱丝萦(ying)社(she)(she),或曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)ウ,恐(kong)人犯(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”何休(xiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“朱丝萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),助阳抑(yi)阴也。或曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)ウ者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),恐(kong)人犯(fan)历之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然此(ci)(ci)(ci)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)非也。记(ji)或传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),示不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲绝异(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)尔(er)。先(xian)言(yan)鼓後(hou)言(yan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)先(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)尊命责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)子(zi)礼接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)顺也。”郑(zheng)(zheng)引(yin)《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)萦(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong),如其鸣鼓然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《论(lun)语(yu)·先(xian)进篇》。孔(kong)子(zi)责(ze)冉有(you)为(wei)(wei)季氏(shi)聚敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)小子(zi)鸣鼓而攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可。彼(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)攻(gong)(gong)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)攻(gong)(gong)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责(ze),故(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)证(zheng)。引(yin)董仲(zhong)舒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汉礼救日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)经(jing)(jing)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻会(hui)未(wei)(wei)闻(wen)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)传(chuan)无文(wen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礻会(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何礼,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未(wei)(wei)闻(wen)。郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)礻会(hui)皆(jie)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《礼记(ji)·祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“埋少(shao)(shao)牢於(wu)泰(tai)昭,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时也”,下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“幽祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)星(xing),雩祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)旱”。郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)(shao)牢。”既用(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)皆(jie)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆(jie)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“攻(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)伐鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,天(tian)灾有(you)币(bi)(bi)无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)币(bi)(bi)而已(yi)。既云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)灾有(you)币(bi)(bi)无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),其类(lei)礼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)灾,得有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),灾始(shi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)时无牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),及其灾成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)即(ji)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“靡爱斯牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。
作六辞,以通上下亲疏远近,一曰祠,二曰命,三曰诰,四曰会,五曰祷,六曰诔。(郑司农云:“祠当为辞,谓辞令也。命,《论语》所谓为命裨谌草创之。诰,谓《康诰》、《盘庚之诰》之属也。盘庚将迁于殷,诰其世臣卿大夫,道其先祖之善功,故曰以通上下亲疏远近。会,谓王官之伯,命事於会,胥命于蒲,主为其命也。祷,谓祷於天地、社稷、宗庙,主为其辞也。《春秋传》曰,铁之战,卫大子祷曰:‘曾孙蒯聩敢昭告皇祖文王、烈祖康叔、文祖襄公:郑胜乱从,晋午在难,不能治乱,使鞅讨之。蒯聩不敢自佚,备持矛焉。敢告无绝筋,无破骨,无面夷,无作三祖羞。大命不敢请,佩玉不敢爱。’若此之属。诔,谓积累生时德行,以锡之命,主为其辞也。《春秋传》曰:‘孔子卒,哀公诔之曰:闵天不淑,不遗一老,俾屏余一人以在位,予在疚。呜呼哀哉尼父!无自律。’此皆有文雅辞令,难为者也,故大祝官主作六辞。或曰诔,《论语》所谓‘《诔》曰:祷尔于上下神祗’。”杜子春云:“诰当为告,书亦或为告。”玄谓一曰祠者,交接之辞。《春秋传》曰“古者诸侯相见,号辞必称先君以相接”。辞之辞也。会,谓会同盟誓之辞。祷,贺庆言福祚之辞。晋赵文子成室,晋大夫发焉。张老曰:“美哉轮焉!美哉奂焉!歌於斯,哭於斯,聚国族於斯。”文子曰:“武也得歌於斯,哭於斯,聚国族於斯,是全要领以从先大夫於九京也。”北面再拜稽首,君子谓之善颂善祷。祷是之辞。
○会,如字。裨,婢支反(fan)(fan)。谌,市林反(fan)(fan)。蒯,苦怪反(fan)(fan)。聩,五怪反(fan)(fan)。难,乃旦反(fan)(fan)。佚,音(yin)(yin)逸。行(xing),下(xia)孟反(fan)(fan)。闵,音(yin)(yin),武(wu)巾反(fan)(fan)。,鱼觐反(fan)(fan)。,求营(ying)反(fan)(fan)。疚(jiu),九又反(fan)(fan)。父,音(yin)(yin)甫。奂,音(yin)(yin)唤。京,音(yin)(yin)原。)
[疏]“作六”至“曰诔”
○释曰:此六者,惟一曰称“辞”,自馀二曰已下不称辞,而六事皆以辞目之者,二曰已下虽不称辞命诰之等,亦以言辞为主,故以辞苞之。云“以通上下亲疏远近”者,此六辞之中,皆兼苞父祖子孙,上则疏而远,下则亲而近,故云以通上下亲疏远近也。
○注“郑司”至“之辞”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):先郑(zheng)破“祠(ci)(ci)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)目(mu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),明知(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字,不得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)祠(ci)(ci)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)增成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“交接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《论语》所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)命(ming)(ming)卑谌草创之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诰(gao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《康诰(gao)》、《盘(pan)(pan)庚(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诰(gao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《盘(pan)(pan)庚(geng)》虽不言(yan)(yan)(yan)诰(gao),亦是(shi)诰(gao)臣迁(qian)徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诰(gao)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“盘(pan)(pan)庚(geng)将迁(qian)于殷,诰(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)世(shi)臣卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu),道其(qi)(qi)(qi)先祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)功”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)盘(pan)(pan)庚(geng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃祖(zu)(zu)乃父,世(shi)选尔劳(lao)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)命(ming)(ming)诰(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议,後(hou)郑(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯,命(ming)(ming)事(shi)於(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),胥(xu)(xu)命(ming)(ming)于蒲(pu),主为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)郑(zheng)不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“胥(xu)(xu)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?相(xiang)(xiang)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎相(xiang)(xiang)命(ming)(ming)?近正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近正(zheng)奈(nai)何(he),古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不盟(meng)(meng),结言(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)退。”又见(jian)(jian)(jian)昭(zhao)四(si)年(nian),楚椒举云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“商汤有(you)(you)景亳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming),周穆王(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)涂山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),胥(xu)(xu)命(ming)(ming)于蒲(pu),与(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)异,今(jin)先郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)胥(xu)(xu)命(ming)(ming)解会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),於(wu)义不可(ke),故不从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)於(wu)天地社稷(ji)宗庙,主为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,又引(yin)《春(chun)秋》铁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战(zhan),事(shi)在(zai)哀(ai)二年(nian)。按:哀(ai)二年(nian),卫(wei)(wei)灵公(gong)(gong)卒(zu)(zu),六(liu)月乙(yi)酉(you),晋赵(zhao)(zhao)鞅纳(na)卫(wei)(wei)大(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)于戚。秋八月,齐入输范(fan)氏(shi)粟(su),郑(zheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)姚(yao)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)般送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。赵(zhao)(zhao)鞅御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),卫(wei)(wei)大(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you),卫(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“曾孙(sun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)祭外神,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)称曾孙(sun)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“昭(zhao)告于皇祖(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)”,皇,君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卫(wei)(wei)得(de)立文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)庙,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)君(jun)祖(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)。烈(lie)祖(zu)(zu)康叔(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卫(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始封君(jun),有(you)(you)功烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑(zheng)胜(sheng)乱从(cong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),胜(sheng),郑(zheng)伯名(ming),助范(fan)氏(shi)乱,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乱从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋午在(zai)难(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),午,晋定公(gong)(gong)名(ming)范(fan)氏(shi)等作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乱,与(yu)君(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)在(zai)难(nan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“备持(chi)矛焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),蒯聩与(yu)赵(zhao)(zhao)鞅为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)车(che)(che)右(you),车(che)(che)右(you)执持(chi)戈矛,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)备持(chi)矛焉(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)三(san)祖(zu)(zu)羞(xiu)(xiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)祖(zu)(zu),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)、康叔(shu)、襄公(gong)(gong)。战(zhan)不克(ke),则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)祖(zu)(zu)羞(xiu)(xiu)辱。先郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义,後(hou)郑(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)人作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),无(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故不从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诔,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)积(ji)累生(sheng)时(shi)德(de)行,以(yi)(yi)(yi)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)”,而(er)引(yin)“《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)十六(liu)年(nian)《传(chuan)》辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)义後(hou)郑(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引(yin)《论语》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)病,子(zi)(zi)(zi)路请祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)问曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)诸(zhu)?”子(zi)(zi)(zi)路对此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。生(sheng)人有(you)(you)疾(ji)亦诔,列(lie)生(sheng)时(shi)德(de)行而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),与(yu)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)诔孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)意同,故引(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)续(xu)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)令”,无(wu)(wu)所(suo)指斥(chi),故後(hou)郑(zheng)相(xiang)(xiang)事(shi)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。引(yin)“《春(chun)秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按:庄四(si)年(nian)《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)诸(zhu)侯必(bi)有(you)(you)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)聚(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)朝聘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,号辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)必(bi)称先君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)接。”是(shi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)“相(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)(jian)(jian)”二字,郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)义增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)同盟(meng)(meng)誓(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)兼有(you)(you)誓(shi)(shi)盟(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)盟(meng)(meng)时(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)某侯某侯盟(meng)(meng)于某”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)出会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)盟(meng)(meng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)誓(shi)(shi)必(bi)因征(zheng)伐。按《春(chun)秋》征(zheng)伐皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)某侯某侵某”。既有(you)(you)士(shi)卒(zu)(zu),当有(you)(you)誓(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),故出会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中(zhong)兼有(you)(you)誓(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),贺庆言(yan)(yan)(yan)福祚(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),破先郑(zheng)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋赵(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)室者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,《礼记·檀弓》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。按彼(bi)(bi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋献文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)室”,郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“献,犹(you)贺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”晋君(jun)贺文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)室,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)晋赵(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)室,引(yin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)略。赵(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)赵(zhao)(zhao)武也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。晋大(da)夫(fu)(fu)发(fa)(fa)焉(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)室成(cheng)(cheng),卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)发(fa)(fa)币以(yi)(yi)(yi)往庆贺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。张老者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦晋大(da)夫(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美哉轮焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轮高大(da)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美哉奂焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奂烂有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“歌(ge)於(wu)斯(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斯(si)(si),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乐飨宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“哭(ku)於(wu)斯(si)(si)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)於(wu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。“聚(ju)国族(zu)(zu)於(wu)斯(si)(si)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)人饮食宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),张老言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),讥其(qi)(qi)(qi)奢泰。一室兼此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)数事(shi),防其(qi)(qi)(qi)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)武也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),武,文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)名(ming)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武得(de)歌(ge)於(wu)斯(si)(si),哭(ku)於(wu)斯(si)(si),聚(ju)国族(zu)(zu)於(wu)斯(si)(si),是(shi)全要(yao)领(ling)以(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)先大(da)夫(fu)(fu)於(wu)九(jiu)京也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)要(yao)斩(zhan)、领(ling)斩(zhan),故要(yao)、领(ling)并言(yan)(yan)(yan)。按彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu),九(jiu)京当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)原(yuan)晋,卿(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)地在(zai)九(jiu)原(yuan),故言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)先大(da)夫(fu)(fu)於(wu)九(jiu)原(yuan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“北面(mian)再拜稽(ji)(ji)首”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),平敌相(xiang)(xiang)於(wu)并列(lie),则(ze)(ze)顿(dun)首。臣於(wu)君(jun),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)首。今(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)首者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),时(shi)晋君(jun)在(zai)焉(yan)(yan)(yan),北面(mian)向(xiang)君(jun)拜,故作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)首。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)颂善(shan)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)知(zhi)礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“善(shan)颂,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)张老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。善(shan)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)经祷(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
辨六号,一曰神号,二曰鬼号,三曰示号,四曰牲号,五曰号,六曰币号。(号,谓尊其名,更为美称焉。神号,若云皇天上帝。鬼号,若云皇祖伯某。祗号,若云后土地祗。币号,若玉云嘉玉,币云量币。郑司农云:“牲号,为牺牲皆有名号。《曲礼》曰:‘牛曰一元大武,豕曰刚鬣,羊曰柔毛,鸡曰翰音。’粢号,谓黍稷皆有名号也。《曲礼》曰:‘黍曰香合,粱曰香箕,稻曰嘉疏。’《少牢馈食礼》曰:‘用柔毛刚鬣’,《士虞礼》曰‘敢用牲刚鬣香合’。”
○,音(yin)(yin)咨。称,尺证反。大,如字,刘(liu)音(yin)(yin)泰。鬣,力辄反。箕(ji),音(yin)(yin)基。疏,所鱼反,刘(liu)音(yin)(yin)苏。)
[疏]注“号谓”至“香合”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“号(hao)谓(wei)尊(zun)其名(ming),更为(wei)(wei)(wei)美称焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)尊(zun)天(tian)地(di)(di)人之鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)示,不号(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)示,而(er)称皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)后土(tu)及牲(sheng)(sheng)币(bi)(bi)等,皆(jie)别为(wei)(wei)(wei)美号(hao)焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“神(shen)号(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)上(shang)帝(di)”者(zhe)(zhe),《月令·季夏(xia)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)(yi)养牺(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng),以(yi)(yi)供皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)上(shang)帝(di)。”皇(huang)(huang)天(tian),谓(wei)北辰(chen)曜魄宝(bao)。上(shang)帝(di),谓(wei)大(da)微五帝(di)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鬼(gui)(gui)号(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu)伯某”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)·少牢》、《特牲(sheng)(sheng)》祝(zhu)辞,称皇(huang)(huang)祖(zu)伯某。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祗号(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)后土(tu)地(di)(di)祗者(zhe)(zhe),《左氏传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君戴皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)而(er)履后土(tu)。”地(di)(di)祗,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)《大(da)司乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)(ruo)乐八变,地(di)(di)祗皆(jie)出”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“币(bi)(bi)号(hao),若(ruo)(ruo)玉(yu)(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)嘉玉(yu)(yu),币(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)量(liang)币(bi)(bi)”,此并《曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》文(wen)。经无玉(yu)(yu)号(hao),郑兼(jian)言(yan)玉(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)祀礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)神(shen)有玉(yu)(yu),《曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》亦有玉(yu)(yu)号(hao)。按:《小行(xing)人》合(he)六币(bi)(bi),圭以(yi)(yi)马,璋以(yi)(yi)皮,玉(yu)(yu)得与(yu)币(bi)(bi)同号(hao),故(gu)郑兼(jian)言(yan)玉(yu)(yu)也(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牲(sheng)(sheng)号(hao),为(wei)(wei)(wei)牺(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)皆(jie)有名(ming)号(hao)”,引《曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“牛曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一元(yuan)大(da)武(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑彼(bi)注:“元(yuan),头也(ye)。武(wu),迹(ji)也(ye)。”一头大(da)迹(ji)。“豕(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)刚(gang)(gang)鬣(lie)”者(zhe)(zhe),豕(shi)(shi)肥则鬃鬣(lie)刚(gang)(gang)强。“羊(yang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柔毛”者(zhe)(zhe),羊(yang)肥则毛柔润。“鸡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)翰音”者(zhe)(zhe),翰,长(zhang)也(ye),音,鸣也(ye),谓(wei)长(zhang)鸣鸡。“号(hao)”,谓(wei)黍(shu)稷皆(jie)有名(ming)号(hao),引《曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“黍(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)香(xiang)合(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)此黍(shu)香(xiang)合(he)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“粱(liang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)香(xiang)箕”者(zhe)(zhe),郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“箕,辞也(ye)。”言(yan)此粱(liang)香(xiang)可祭(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“稻曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嘉疏(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)稻下莱地(di)(di)所(suo)生,嘉,善也(ye),疏(shu),草也(ye),言(yan)此稻善疏(shu)草可祭(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《少牢馈食礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘敢(gan)用柔毛刚(gang)(gang)鬣(lie)’”者(zhe)(zhe),大(da)夫少牢祭(ji),故(gu)号(hao)此二牲(sheng)(sheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《士(shi)(shi)虞礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘敢(gan)用牲(sheng)(sheng)刚(gang)(gang)鬣(lie)’”者(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)(shi)祭(ji)用特豕(shi)(shi),故(gu)号(hao)一牲(sheng)(sheng)。言(yan)“香(xiang)合(he)”者(zhe)(zhe),据《曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“黍(shu)之号(hao)也(ye)”,故(gu)彼(bi)郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黍(shu)也(ye),大(da)夫士(shi)(shi)於黍(shu)稷之号(hao),合(he)言(yan)普淖(nao)而(er)已。”此言(yan)香(xiang)合(he),盖记者(zhe)(zhe)误耳。此连引之耳,无所(suo)取证,此《士(shi)(shi)虞记》文(wen),而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),记亦是礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。
辨九祭,一曰命祭,二曰衍祭,三曰炮祭,四曰周祭,五曰振祭,六曰扌需祭,七曰绝祭,八曰缭祭,九曰共祭。(杜子春云:“命祭,祭有所主命也。振祭,振读为慎,礼家读振为振旅之振。扌需祭,扌需读为虞芮之芮。”郑司农云:“衍祭羡之道中,如今祭殇,无所主命。周祭,四面为坐也。炮祭,燔柴也。《尔雅》曰:‘祭天曰燔柴。’扌需祭,以肝肺菹扌需盐醢中以祭也。缭祭,以手从本,循之至于末,乃绝以祭也。绝祭,不循其本,直绝肺以祭也。重肺贱肝,故初祭绝肺以祭,谓之绝祭;至祭之末,礼杀之後,但扌需肝盐中,振之,拟之若祭状,弗祭,谓之振祭。《特牲馈食礼》曰:‘取菹扌需于醢,祭于豆间。’《乡射礼》曰:‘取肺坐,绝祭。’《乡饮酒礼》曰:‘右取肺,左手执本,坐,弗缭,右绝末以祭。’《少牢》曰:‘取肝扌需于盐,振祭。’”玄谓九祭,皆谓祭食者。命祭者,《玉藻》曰“君若赐之食,而君客之,则命之祭,然後祭”是也。衍字当为“延”,炮字当为“包”,声之误也。延祭者,《曲礼》曰“客若降等,执食兴辞,主人兴辞於客,然後客坐,主人延客祭”是也。包犹兼也。兼祭者,《有司》曰“宰夫赞者取白黑以授尸,尸受兼祭于豆祭”是也。周犹遍也。遍祭者,《曲礼》曰“ゾ之序,遍祭之”是也。振祭、扌需祭本同,不食者扌需则祭之,将食者既扌需必振乃祭也。绝祭、缭祭亦本同,礼多者缭之,礼略者绝则祭之。共犹授也。主祭食,宰夫授祭。《孝经说》曰:“共绥执授。”
○衍,音延。炮,百交反(fan),刘(liu)曰交反(fan)。扌需,而(er)泉反(fan),一(yi)音而(er)劣反(fan),刘(liu)又(you)而(er)谁反(fan)。缭,音了,刘(liu)音料(liao)。共,音恭,注同(tong)。芮,人劣反(fan),又(you)而(er)岁反(fan),下同(tong)。坐,才卧反(fan)。从(cong)(cong),一(yi)本(ben)作从(cong)(cong)持(chi)。从(cong)(cong),刘(liu)、沈皆子(zi)容反(fan),或如字。杀,色界反(fan),刘(liu)色例反(fan)。却(que),去逆反(fan),又(you)起略反(fan)。执食,思(si)四反(fan)。遍(bian),音遍(bian),下同(tong)。)
[疏]“辨九”至“共祭”
○释曰:此九祭,先郑自周祭已上,皆是祭鬼神之事。振祭已下,皆是生人之祭食之礼。後郑不从之者,祭天神、地、人鬼,大宗伯辨之,大祝不须别列,且生人祭食,不合与祭鬼神同科,故皆以为生人祭食法。
○注“杜子”至“执授”
○释曰:杜子(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)所(suo)(suo)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀,天(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)木(mu)主(zhu),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)有(you)币帛(bo)主(zhu)其(qi)(qi)神。《曾(ceng)子(zi)问》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币帛(bo)皮圭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为主(zhu)命(ming)(ming),当(dang)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)子(zi)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,亦当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币帛(bo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)。但(dan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经文(wen)(wen)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa),不(bu)(bu)得(de)为主(zhu)命(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又读“振(zhen)(zhen)”为“慎(shen)”,或(huo)(huo)为“振(zhen)(zhen)旅”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen),或(huo)(huo)读“扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)”为“虞芮(rui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芮(rui),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)读皆(jie)(jie)(jie)无(wu)义(yi)意,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衍祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)羡(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道中(zhong)(zhong),如今祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇(shang),无(wu)所(suo)(suo)主(zhu)命(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa),而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“如今祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殇(shang)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),四(si)面(mian)为坐也(ye)(ye)”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)百神,四(si)面(mian)各自为坐。炮(pao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)燔柴,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)炮(pao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)燔烧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为燔柴祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa),非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)鬼神,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)菹扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》,堕祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菹扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)献尸时,宾长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)从(cong)(cong),尸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)盐中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)菹扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,彼(bi)(bi)无(wu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)盐醢(hai)(hai)中(zhong)(zhong),先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)连引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。按:彼(bi)(bi)肝(gan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)盐中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),哜(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加于(yu)(yu)斤俎(zu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)初(chu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,即同扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於(wu)(wu)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“缭(liao)(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)手从(cong)(cong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)本(ben),循(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至于(yu)(yu)末(mo),乃绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)《乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu)》而(er)言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)循(xun)其(qi)(qi)本(ben),直绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)《乡(xiang)射》而(er)言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重(zhong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)贱肝(gan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)初(chu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);至祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),礼(li)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),但(dan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)肝(gan)盐中(zhong)(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状(zhuang),弗祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重(zhong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)缭(liao)(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)(ju)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)而(er)言(yan),周(zhou)贵肺(fei)(fei)(fei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重(zhong)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贱肝(gan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)农意,上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,据(ju)(ju)《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》,尸食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)後(hou)(hou),宾长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)初(chu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),依(yi)《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》,无(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),於(wu)(wu)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),礼(li)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),但(dan)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)肝(gan)盐中(zhong)(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状(zhuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)还据(ju)(ju)《少牢(lao)(lao)》扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)肝(gan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)状(zhuang)弗祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),於(wu)(wu)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。引(yin)(yin)《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)馈食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)》曰“取菹扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)于(yu)(yu)醢(hai)(hai),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)豆(dou)间”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)ソ义(yi)而(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《乡(xiang)射礼(li)》及《乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu)礼(li)》,证(zheng)有(you)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。引(yin)(yin)《少牢(lao)(lao)礼(li)》,证(zheng)有(you)振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)引(yin)(yin)四(si)文(wen)(wen),後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)增(zeng)成其(qi)(qi)义(yi)。但(dan)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)引(yin)(yin)《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)(ju)一边而(er)言(yan)。按:《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)两有(you)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)将食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),先(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少许祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)造食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。命(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)(yin)《玉(yu)藻》,彼(bi)(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),侍(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),其(qi)(qi)侍(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)君(jun)宾客(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽得(de)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),待君(jun)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),然後(hou)(hou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),是(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衍字当(dang)为延(yan),炮(pao)字当(dang)为包”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衍与(yu)炮(pao)於(wu)(wu)义(yi)无(wu)所(suo)(suo)取,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破从(cong)(cong)延(yan)与(yu)包。延(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲(qu)礼(li)》曰:“客(ke)(ke)若(ruo)降等,执(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)辞。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)彼(bi)(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“辞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辞主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)临已(yi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),若(ruo)欲食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)堂下然。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《有(you)司(si)》曰:‘宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)赞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取白黑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)授(shou)尸’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),白谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稻,黑谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黍。又引(yin)(yin)“《曲(qu)礼(li)》曰‘ゾ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,遍(bian)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)盛主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)(suo)设ゾ羞(xiu),次第遍(bian)终(zhong)。按《公(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)》,惟(wei)鱼腊氵(shui)音酱(jiang)不(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)薄故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)馀皆(jie)(jie)(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu),但(dan)振(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)复振(zhen)(zhen),扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)振(zhen)(zhen)。言(yan)“不(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)挪祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。挪祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),未(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菹扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)于(yu)(yu)醢(hai)(hai),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)豆(dou)间。是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“将食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)必振(zhen)(zhen)乃祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)(lao)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)献尸,宾长(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肝(gan)从(cong)(cong),尸右(you)(you)取肝(gan),扌(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)需(xu)于(yu)(yu)盐,振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),哜(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),加于(yu)(yu)菹豆(dou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。言(yan)将食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),振(zhen)(zhen)讫(qi)哜(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)将食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、缭(liao)(liao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦本(ben)同”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)缭(liao)(liao),缭(liao)(liao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)本(ben)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)缭(liao)(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)《乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu)》,乡(xiang)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)行(xing)乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu),宾贤能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼(li)多所(suo)(suo)缭(liao)(liao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),即司(si)农所(suo)(suo)引(yin)(yin)“右(you)(you)取肺(fei)(fei)(fei)”已(yi)下是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)略(lve)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)《乡(xiang)射》,州长(zhang)射则(ze)士(shi)礼(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼(li)略(lve)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa),即上(shang)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)引(yin)(yin)《乡(xiang)射礼(li)》“取肺(fei)(fei)(fei)坐,绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“共(gong)(gong)犹授(shou)也(ye)(ye)。王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)授(shou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)《膳夫(fu)(fu)(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)授(shou)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。王谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膳夫(fu)(fu)(fu),而(er)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)诸(zhu)侯(hou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)宰(zai)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孝经说(shuo)》曰,共(gong)(gong)授(shou)执(zhi)授(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《孝经纬》文(wen)(wen)。汉时禁纬,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“说(shuo)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“共(gong)(gong)绥执(zhi)授(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)将绥祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,共(gong)(gong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)绥祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)授(shou)尸。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)共(gong)(gong)为授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。
辨九[A18I],一曰稽首,二曰顿首,三曰空首,四曰振动,五曰吉[A18I],六曰凶[A18I],七曰奇[A18I],八曰褒[A18I],九曰肃[A18I],以享右祭祀。(稽首,拜头至地也。顿首,拜头叩地也。空首,拜头至手,所谓拜手也。吉拜,拜而后稽颡,谓齐衰不杖以下者。言吉者,此殷之凶拜,周以其拜与顿首相通,故谓之吉拜云。凶拜,稽颡而后拜,谓三年服者。杜子春云:“振读为振铎之振,动读为哀恸之恸,奇读为奇偶之奇,谓先屈一膝,今雅拜是也。或云:奇读曰倚,倚拜谓持节、持戟拜,身倚之以拜。”郑大夫云:“动读为董,书亦或为董。振董,以两手相击也。奇拜,谓一拜也。褒读为报,报拜,再拜是也。”郑司农云:“褒拜,今时持节拜是也。肃拜,但俯下手,今时扌壹是也。介者不拜,故曰‘为事故,敢肃使者’。”玄谓振动战栗变动之拜。《书》曰“王动色变”。一拜,答臣下拜。再拜,拜神与尸。享,献也,谓朝献馈献也。右读为侑。侑劝尸食而拜。
○[A18I],音(yin)拜,下(xia)同。<旨(zhi)首>,音(yin)启,本又作(zuo)稽。振动(dong)(dong),如字(zi),李音(yin)董,杜徒弄(nong)反(fan)(fan),今(jin)亻妥人拜,以两手相(xiang)击,如郑大夫之说,盖(gai)古之遗法。奇(qi),纪(ji)宜反(fan)(fan),注同。褒,音(yin)报。右,音(yin)又。近,附近之近。动(dong)(dong),徒弄(nong)反(fan)(fan)。倚,於绮反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。扌壹,於立反(fan)(fan),即今(jin)之揖。为(wei),于伪反(fan)(fan)。使,所吏(li)反(fan)(fan)。朝,直(zhi)遥反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“辨九”至“祭祀”
○释曰:此九拜之中,四种是正拜,五者逐事生名,还依四种正拜而为之也。一曰稽首,二曰顿首,三曰空首,此三者相因而为之。空首者,先以两手拱至地,乃头至手,是为空首也。以其头不至地,故名空首。顿首者,为空首之时引头至地,首顿地即举,故名顿首。一曰稽首,其稽,稽留之字,头至地多时,则为稽首也。此三者,正拜也。稽首,拜中最重,臣拜君之拜。二曰顿首者,平敌自相拜之拜。三曰空首拜者,君答臣下拜。知义然者,按哀十七年,公会齐侯盟於蒙,孟武伯相。齐侯稽首,公则拜。齐人怒。武伯曰:“非天子,寡君无所稽首。”公如晋,孟献子相。公稽首。知武子曰:“天子在,而君辱稽首,寡君惧矣。”孟献子曰:“以敝邑介在东表,密迩仇雠,寡君将君是望,敢不稽首。”《郊特牲》曰:“大夫之臣不稽首,非尊家臣,以避君也。”如是相礼,诸侯于天子,臣于君,稽首,礼之正。然诸相於大夫之臣,及凡自敌者,皆当从顿首之拜也。如是差之,君拜臣下,当从空首,拜其有敬事亦稽首,故《大誓》云:“周公曰:都懋哉,子闻古先哲王之格言以下,大子发拜手稽首。”是其君于臣稽首事。《洛诰》云“周公拜手稽首,朕复子明辟。成王拜手稽首,不敢不敬天之休”者,此即两相尊敬,故皆稽首。九曰肃拜者,拜中最轻,惟军中有此肃拜,妇人亦以肃拜为正。其馀五者,附此四种正拜者,四曰振动附稽首,五曰吉拜附顿首,六曰凶拜亦附稽首,七曰奇拜附空首,八曰褒拜亦附稽首。以享侑祭祀者,享,献也。谓朝践献尸时拜,侑,侑食,侑劝尸食时而拜。此九拜不专为祭祀,而以祭祀结之者,祭祀事重,故举以言之。
○注“稽首”至“而拜”
○释曰(yue):“稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头至(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头叩地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),二种拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)俱头至(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),但稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)至(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)多时(shi),顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)至(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)则举,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)叩地(di)(di)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)叩物然,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“空首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)头至(zhi)(zhi)手所,谓(wei)(wei)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)手也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《尚书(shu)》拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)手稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“吉(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡,谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)丧(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轻。此(ci)(ci)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)先(xian)(xian)作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),後(hou)作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡。稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡还(hai)是(shi)(shi)顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),但触地(di)(di)无(wu)容,则谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)入凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中(zhong),故(gu)(gu)《杂(za)(za)(za)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡。”明知(zhi)父(fu)(fu)没(mei),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)吉(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)吉(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡,颓乎其(qi)顺(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),颀乎其(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),吾(wu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)其(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“自期(qi)如殷(yin)可,言(yan)(yan)(yan)自期(qi),则是(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),用殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)与顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)相(xiang)近,故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)近者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非谓(wei)(wei)文相(xiang)近,是(shi)(shi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)体(ti)相(xiang)近。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)先(xian)(xian)作(zuo)顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),后(hou)(hou)作(zuo)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡,稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡还(hai)依(yi)顿(dun)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)其(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)体(ti)相(xiang)近,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)约义,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),谓(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)服”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)《杂(za)(za)(za)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丧(sang)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。非三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)丧(sang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)吉(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。”又(you)《檀弓(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),颀乎其(qi)至(zhi)(zhi),孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),吾(wu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)其(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。’”若然,上吉(ji)(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),则齐(qi)(qi)衰(shuai)入此(ci)(ci)凶(xiong)(xiong)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)中(zhong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《杂(za)(za)(za)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)杖(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡。父(fu)(fu)卒,乃稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡”,则是(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡时(shi),故(gu)(gu)略(lve)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。但子(zi)(zi)(zi)妻,父(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,故(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡,则众(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻,父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)亦(yi)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)据众(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)常稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)颡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据《杂(za)(za)(za)记》成(cheng)(cheng)文。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“振(zhen)读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振(zhen)铎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),读(du)(du)(du)从(cong)(cong)(cong)《小宰职》“振(zhen)木铎于朝”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)哀恸(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恸(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)从(cong)(cong)(cong)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)哭(ku)颜回“哀恸(tong)(tong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恸(tong)(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奇(qi)(qi)读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奇(qi)(qi)耦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)从(cong)(cong)(cong)《郊特牲》“鼎俎奇(qi)(qi),笾豆(dou)耦”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)。已(yi)(yi)上读(du)(du)(du)字,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先(xian)(xian)屈一(yi)(yi)膝,今(jin)雅(ya)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):奇(qi)(qi)读(du)(du)(du)曰(yue)倚(yi),倚(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)持节、持戟拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),身倚(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,此(ci)(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)大夫云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)董(dong),书(shu)亦(yi)或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)董(dong)振(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)董(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)读(du)(du)(du)从(cong)(cong)(cong)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏》“董(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)威(wei)”,是(shi)(shi)“董(dong)振(zhen)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)董(dong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)两手相(xiang)击(ji)”,此(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奇(qi)(qi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)君(jun)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)臣下(xia)(xia)。按(an)《燕礼》、《大射》有一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),君(jun)答一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),后(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“褒读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)报,报拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)谓(wei)(wei)再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“褒拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持节拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),后(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)(cong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肃拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),但俯下(xia)(xia)手,今(jin)时(shi)扌(shou)壹是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)《仪礼·乡(xiang)饮酒》,宾客入门(men),有扌(shou)壹入门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。推手曰(yue)揖,引手曰(yue)扌(shou)壹。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“介者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事故(gu)(gu),敢(gan)肃使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,按(an)成(cheng)(cheng)十六年(nian)(nian),晋楚战於(wu)鄢陵,楚子(zi)(zi)(zi)使工尹襄问至(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弓(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)见客,免胄承命(ming)(ming)(ming)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“介者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辱,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事故(gu)(gu),敢(gan)肃使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)肃使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)退”,是(shi)(shi)军(jun)中(zhong)有肃拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)法(fa)。按(an)成(cheng)(cheng)二年(nian)(nian)鞍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,获齐(qi)(qi)侯,晋至(zhi)(zhi)投戟,逡(qun)巡,再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。军(jun)中(zhong)得(de)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《公羊》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。将军(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)介胄,故(gu)(gu)得(de)有拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)法(fa)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)振(zhen)动(dong)战栗变动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),《书(shu)》曰(yue)王(wang)动(dong)色变”,按(an)《中(zhong)候·我膺》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“季秋七月甲子(zi)(zi)(zi),赤(chi)雀衔(xian)丹书(shu)入酆,至(zhi)(zhi)昌(chang)户,再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)受。”按(an)今(jin)文《大誓(shi)》,得(de)火乌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞,“使上附以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公书(shu),报诰於(wu)王(wang),王(wang)动(dong)色变”。虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)文,与文王(wang)受赤(chi)雀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming),同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稽(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),答臣下(xia)(xia)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)神与尸”,此(ci)(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),增郑(zheng)(zheng)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。知(zhi)再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)神与尸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《特牲礼》,祝酌奠於(wu)南,主人再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),祝在(zai)(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)於(wu)尸,谓(wei)(wei)献(xian)(xian)尸,尸拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)受,主人拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)送是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯亦(yi)当然。或(huo)解一(yi)(yi)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)答臣下(xia)(xia),亦(yi)据祭(ji)祀时(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)宴礼君(jun)答拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)臣,或(huo)再(zai)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)时(shi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“享,献(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)朝献(xian)(xian)馈献(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)祀二灌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),惟有朝践馈献(xian)(xian)称献(xian)(xian),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)享献(xian)(xian)据朝践馈献(xian)(xian)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右读(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侑(you)。侑(you)劝尸食而(er)(er)(er)(er)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《特牲》“尸食,祝侑(you),主人拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,《少(shao)牢》“主人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)侑(you)”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)侑(you)尸时(shi)有拜(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。
凡大祀、肆享、祭示,则执明水火而号祝;(明水火,司ピ所共日月之气,以给享。执之如以六号祝,明此圭也。祀,祭天神也。肆享,祭宗庙也。故书“祗”为“礻方”,杜子春云“礻方当为祗”。
○,音因。ピ,况晚反。礻方,必(bi)庚反。)
[疏]注“明水”至“为祗”
○释曰(yue):知“明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火,司ピ所(suo)共日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)气”者,按《司ピ氏职》云“以夫遂取(qu)明(ming)(ming)火於日(ri),以鉴取(qu)明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)於月”。彼虽不云气,此(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火皆(jie)由(you)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)气所(suo)照得(de)之(zhi)(zhi),故以气言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“以给(ji)享(xiang),执之(zhi)(zhi)如以六号(hao)(hao)祝,明(ming)(ming)此(ci)圭(gui)也(ye)”者,经云“执明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火而号(hao)(hao)祝”,明(ming)(ming)知六号(hao)(hao)皆(jie)执之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)也(ye)。号(hao)(hao)祝,执明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)(shui)火,明(ming)(ming)主人(ren)圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)德。云“祀,祭天神(shen)也(ye)”者,《太宗(zong)伯(bo)》昊天称(cheng),日(ri)月称(cheng)实(shi)柴,司中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)等称(cheng)燎。通而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),三者之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),皆(jie)有义,则知祀祀天神(shen),通星辰已下(xia)。云“肆享(xiang),祭宗(zong)庙也(ye)”者,按《宗(zong)伯(bo)》,宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)祭,六等皆(jie)称(cheng)享(xiang),则此(ci)含六种之(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)。杜(du)子春云“礻方(fang)当为祗”,《宗(zong)伯(bo)》血(xue)祭已下(xia)是也(ye)。
隋衅、逆牲、逆尸,令钟鼓,右亦如之;(隋衅,谓荐血也。凡血祭曰衅。既隋衅,後言逆牲,容逆鼎。右读亦当为侑。
○隋,许规反,又惠(hui)恚反,後同(tong)。右,音又。)
[疏]注“隋衅”至“为侑”
○释曰:郑云“隋衅谓荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),贾(jia)氏(shi)云:“衅,衅宗(zong)庙。”马氏(shi)云:“血(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)涂(tu)钟鼓。”郑不从而以(yi)为(wei)荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),下文云“既(ji)祭(ji)令彻”,则此(ci)上(shang)下皆是祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之事,何得於(wu)中(zhong)辄(zhe)有衅庙?涂(tu)鼓直称衅,何得兼言隋?故为(wei)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)解(jie)之。郑云“凡(fan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)曰衅”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)经文承上(shang)“祀(si)(si)、肆享、祭(ji)祀(si)(si)”之下,即此(ci)血(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)之中(zhong),含上(shang)三祀(si)(si)。但天(tian)地荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)于座(zuo)前,宗(zong)庙即血(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)告(gao)杀,故言凡(fan)血(xue)(xue)(xue)祭(ji)曰衅。云“既(ji)隋衅,後(hou)(hou)言逆牲,容逆鼎(ding)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之法,先逆牲,後(hou)(hou)隋衅。今隋衅在(zai)前,逆牲在(zai)後(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其鼎(ding)在(zai)门(men)(men)外,荐(jian)血(xue)(xue)(xue)後(hou)(hou)乃有阎孰之事,逆鼎(ding)而入,故云容鼎(ding)。知鼎(ding)在(zai)门(men)(men)外者(zhe)(zhe),按《中(zhong)ニ礼(li)》,灶在(zai)庙门(men)(men)外之东,主人迎鼎(ding)事。云“右(you)读亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)侑”者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)上(shang)九拜(bai)之下,享右(you)之字皆为(wei)侑。
来瞽,令皋舞,(皋读为卒嗥呼之嗥。来、嗥者,皆谓呼之入。
○皋(gao),音嗥,户高反(fan),刘户报(bao)反(fan)。卒,子忽(hu)反(fan)。呼(hu),火故反(fan)。)
[疏]注“皋读”至“之入”
○释曰:“皋读(du)(du)为(wei)卒嗥(hao)(hao)呼之嗥(hao)(hao)”者(zhe),依俗读(du)(du)。云(yun)“来(lai)嗥(hao)(hao)者(zhe)皆(jie)谓(wei)呼之入(ru)”者(zhe),经云(yun)瞽人拟升堂歌,舞谓(wei)学子舞人。瞽人言“来(lai)”,亦呼之乃(nai)入(ru),皋舞,令(ling)呼亦来(lai)入(ru),故(gu)郑云(yun)来(lai)嗥(hao)(hao)皆(jie)谓(wei)呼之入(ru)也。
相尸礼;(延其出入,诏其坐作。
○相,息亮反,下同。)
[疏]注“延其”至“坐作”
○释曰:凡言“相尸”者(zhe),诸事皆(jie)相,故以(yi)“出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)”、“坐(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。尸出(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe),谓祭初延(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)(ru)(ru),二灌讫(qi),退出(chu)坐(zuo)(zuo)于(yu)(yu)堂上(shang),南面,朝践馈献讫(qi),又延(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)室。言“诏(zhao)其坐(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”者(zhe),《郊特牲》云(yun):“诏(zhao)祝(zhu)於室,坐(zuo)(zuo)尸于(yu)(yu)堂。”馈献讫(qi),又入(ru)(ru)(ru)室。坐(zuo)(zuo)言作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe),凡坐(zuo)(zuo)皆(jie)有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),及与主(zhu)人答拜,皆(jie)有坐(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故云(yun)诏(zhao)其坐(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也。
既祭,令彻。
[疏]“既祭令彻”
○释(shi)曰:祭讫,尸谡之後(hou),大(da)祝命(ming)彻祭器。即《诗》云“诸(zhu)宰(zai)君妇,废彻不”是也。
大丧,始崩,以肆鬯氵弭尸,相饭,赞敛,彻奠;(肆鬯,所为陈尸设鬯也。郑司农云:“氵弭尸,以鬯浴尸。”
○氵(shui)弭,弥尔反。饭(fan),扶晚反。敛,力验反。)
[疏]“大丧”至“彻奠”
○释曰:此(ci)(ci)经(jing)皆是(shi)大(da)(da)祝之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云“始(shi)(shi)崩(beng),以肆(si)鬯氵(shui)(shui)弭(mi)尸(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),肆(si),陈也(ye)。氵(shui)(shui)弭(mi),浴也(ye)。王丧始(shi)(shi)崩(beng),陈尸(shi)(shi),以鬯浴尸(shi)(shi),取其香(xiang)美(mei)。云“相(xiang)饭(fan)”者(zhe),浴讫即饭(fan)含(han),故言相(xiang)饭(fan)也(ye)。不(bu)言相(xiang)含(han)者(zhe),《大(da)(da)宰》云“大(da)(da)丧,赞赠玉含(han)玉”,此(ci)(ci)故不(bu)言。云“赞敛(lian)”者(zhe),小(xiao)敛(lian)十(shi)九称(cheng)在户内。大(da)(da)敛(lian),百二十(shi)称(cheng)在阼(zuo)阶。冬官主敛(lian)事(shi),大(da)(da)祝赞之(zhi)(zhi)。彻者(zhe),《小(xiao)祝》注云:“奠,奠爵也(ye)。”谓(wei)正祭(ji)时。此(ci)(ci)文承大(da)(da)丧之(zhi)(zhi)下,故奠为始(shi)(shi)死之(zhi)(zhi)奠。小(xiao)敛(lian)、大(da)(da)敛(lian)、奠,并大(da)(da)祝彻之(zhi)(zhi)。
言甸人读祷;付、练、祥,掌国事。(郑司农云:“甸人主设复礻弟,大祝主言问其具礻弟物。”玄谓言犹语也。祷,六辞之属祷也。甸人丧事代王受眚灾,大祝为祷辞语之,使以祷於藉田之神也。付当为。祭於先王,以後死者。掌国事,辨护之。
○付,音(yin)附。礻(shi)弟,他兮反。语,鱼据反,下(xia)同。)
[疏]“言甸”至“国事”
○释曰:既殡之後,大祝为祷辞,与甸人言,犹语也,故言语甸人读祷辞,代王受眚灾。云“、练、祥,掌国事”者,,谓虞卒哭後,祭於祖庙。练,谓十三月小祥练祭。祥,谓二十五月大祥,除衰杖。此三者,皆以国事大祝掌之,故云掌国事也。
○注“郑司”至“护之”
○释(shi)曰:先郑云(yun)(yun)“甸人(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)设复礻(shi)弟(di),大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)言问其具礻(shi)弟(di)物(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)文(wen)(wen)承“赞(zan)敛(lian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,则是既殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事始云(yun)(yun)设复礻(shi)弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)後(hou)(hou)(hou)郑不(bu)从。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)祷(dao)(dao)(dao),六辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属祷(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)经读祷(dao)(dao)(dao),则云(yun)(yun)辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)五曰祷(dao)(dao)(dao),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)六辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“甸人(ren)丧(sang)事代(dai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受眚(sheng)灾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《甸人(ren)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“丧(sang)事代(dai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受眚(sheng)灾”,按彼注云(yun)(yun):“粢盛(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)。今(jin)国(guo)遭大(da)丧(sang),若云(yun)(yun)此(ci)黍(shu)稷不(bu)馨,使鬼神(shen)(shen)不(bu)逞於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。既殡(bin),大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)作祷(dao)(dao)(dao)辞(ci)(ci)授甸人(ren),使以(yi)祷(dao)(dao)(dao)藉田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen),受眚(sheng)灾,弭後(hou)(hou)(hou)殃(yang)(yang)。”彼注与此(ci)意同。言“弭後(hou)(hou)(hou)殃(yang)(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今(jin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)已崩,虽无救,为(wei)後(hou)(hou)(hou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而谢过,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)弭後(hou)(hou)(hou)殃(yang)(yang)。郑知(zhi)既殡(bin)後(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)文(wen)(wen)承“赞(zan)敛(lian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,敛(lian)讫则殡(bin),故(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)读祷(dao)(dao)(dao)在既殡(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“付(fu)当为(wei),祭於(wu)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),以(yi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)死”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《丧(sang)服小(xiao)记》以(yi)孙於(wu)祖(zu),以(yi)其昭穆同,先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即祖(zu)也(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)祭於(wu)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),後(hou)(hou)(hou)死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)“掌国(guo)事,辨(bian)(bian)护(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辨(bian)(bian)护(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《中(zhong)(zhong)候》文(wen)(wen)。按《中(zhong)(zhong)候·握(wo)河(he)纪》云(yun)(yun):“尧受《河(he)图》时,伯(bo)禹进(jin)迎,舜契陪位,稷辨(bian)(bian)护(hu)。”注云(yun)(yun):“进(jin)迎,接神(shen)(shen)也(ye)。稷,官(guan)名,谓(wei)弃。辨(bian)(bian)护(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),供时用,相(xiang)礼(li)(li)仪。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)证掌国(guo)事。则此(ci)大(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)、练、祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,共其祭用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),及相(xiang)其礼(li)(li)仪也(ye)。
国有大(da)故、天(tian)灾(zai),弥祀社稷,祷祠(ci)。(大(da)故,兵寇也。天(tian)灾(zai),疫疠水旱也。弥犹遍也。遍祀社稷及(ji)诸(zhu)所祷,既则祠(ci)之以(yi)报焉。)
[疏]注“大故”至“报焉”
○释曰(yue):郑知(zhi)“大(da)(da)故(gu)(gu),兵寇(kou)也(ye)”者(zhe),下(xia)则云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天灾”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)大(da)(da)故(gu)(gu)直是兵寇(kou)也(ye)。知(zhi)“天灾,疫疠水(shui)旱(han)”者(zhe),见(jian)《宗伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以荒礼哀凶札”,郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“荒,人物(wu)有害。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“吊礼哀祸灾”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祸灾,谓(wei)(wei)水(shui)火。”此皆是天灾流行(xing),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天灾谓(wei)(wei)疫疠水(shui)旱(han)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弭犹遍也(ye),遍祀(si)社稷及(ji)诸所祷”,按《小祝》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弭灾兵”,弭为(wei)安,此弭为(wei)遍,不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe),义各有所施。彼是灾兵之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)弭为(wei)安;此祷祀(si)之(zhi)事,靡神(shen)不(bu)(bu)举,以弥为(wei)遍。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既则祠之(zhi)以报焉”者(zhe),以其始为(wei)曰(yue)祷,得求曰(yue)祠,故(gu)(gu)以报赛(sai)解祠。
大师,宜于社,造于祖,设军社,类上帝,国将有事于四望,及军归献于社,则前祝。(郑司农说设军社以《春秋传》曰,所谓“君以师行,祓社衅鼓,祝奉以从”者也。则前祝,大祝自前祝也。玄谓前祝者,王出也,归也,将有事於此神,大祝居前,先以祝辞告之。
○祓,芳弗反(fan),刘音(yin)废。从,才(cai)用反(fan),一音(yin)如字(zi),下注同。)
[疏]“大师”至“前祝”
○释曰:此经六事,皆大祝所掌。言大师者,王出六军,亲行征伐,故曰大师。云“宜于社”者,军将出,宜祭於社,即将社主行,不用命戮於社。云“造於祖”者,出必造,即七庙俱祭,取迁庙之主行,用命赏于祖,皆载於齐车。云“设军社”者,此则据社在军中,故云设军社。云“类上帝”者,非常而祭曰类,军将出,类祭上帝,告天将行。云“国将有事於四望”者,谓军行所过山川,造祭乃过。“及军归,献于社”者,谓征伐有功,得囚俘而归,献捷于社。按《王制》云:“出征,执有罪反,以释奠于学。”注云:“释菜奠币,礼先师也。”引《诗》“执讯获丑”,则亦献于学。云“则前祝”者,此经六事,皆大祝前辞。
○注“郑司”至“告之”
○释曰:司农(nong)引《春(chun)秋传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),定四年《左氏传》,按彼祝(zhu)佗云(yun)(yun)“君以军(jun)行(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),师(shi)(shi)则(ze)军(jun)也,故《尚书》云(yun)(yun)“大(da)巡六师(shi)(shi)”,《诗》云(yun)(yun)“六师(shi)(shi)及之”,皆(jie)以师(shi)(shi)名军(jun)。引之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证社在军(jun),谓之军(jun)社之事。“玄(xuan)谓前(qian)祝(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),王出(chu)也,归也,将有事於此神”,据此经(jing)四望已(yi)上(shang)为(wei)出(chu)时(shi),献於社为(wei)归时(shi)。皆(jie)大(da)祝(zhu)前(qian)祝(zhu),以辞告之。按《尚书·武成》“丁(ding)未祀(si)于(yu)周庙,庚戌柴望”,皆(jie)是(shi)军(jun)归告宗(zong)庙,告天(tian)及山川,即此经(jing)出(chu)时(shi)告之,归亦告之。此经(jing)上(shang)帝四望不见归时(shi)所告,故郑总云(yun)(yun)“王出(chu)也,归也,而将有事於此神”以该(gai)之。
大会同,造于庙,宜于社,过大山川,则用事焉;反行,舍奠。(用事,亦用祭事告行也。《玉人职》有宗祝以黄金勺前马之礼,是谓过大山川与?《曾子问》曰:“凡告必用牲币,反亦如之。”
○舍(she),音释,一音赦。与,音馀(yu)。)
[疏]“大会”至“舍奠”
○释曰:“大会同”者,王与诸侯时见曰会,殷见曰同,或在畿内,或在畿外,亦告庙而行。云“造”者,以其非时而祭,造次之意,即上文“造于祖”,一也。云“反行,舍奠”者,《曲礼》云:“出必告,反必面。”据生时人子出入之法。今王出行时,造于庙,将迁庙主行,反行,还祭七庙,非时而祭曰奠。
○注“用事”至“如之”
○释曰:言“用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)事亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)祭(ji)事告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)行(xing)也(ye)”者(zhe),言亦(yi)如上经(jing)(jing)大(da)师用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)祭(ji)事告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)行(xing)。引《玉(yu)人职》者(zhe),按《玉(yu)人职》:“大(da)璋(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)九寸,边(bian)璋(zhang)(zhang)七寸,射(she)四(si)寸,厚寸,黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)勺,青(qing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)外,天子以(yi)(yi)巡守(shou),宗祝以(yi)(yi)前(qian)马(ma)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)“有(you)宗祝以(yi)(yi)黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)勺前(qian)马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”,非是(shi)彼正文义,略言之(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)“是(shi)谓过大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)与”者(zhe),彼不(bu)(bu)云(yun)过山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),此(ci)(ci)(ci)言过大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),此(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)言用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)勺,故(gu)言以(yi)(yi)黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)勺,以(yi)(yi)义约为一(yi),故(gu)言“与”以(yi)(yi)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。彼注(zhu)云(yun):“大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)璋(zhang)(zhang),中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang),小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)边(bian)璋(zhang)(zhang)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)直(zhi)见(jian)过大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),不(bu)(bu)见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)者(zhe),欲见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)共大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)处,直(zhi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),不(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)。各自别处,则用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)边(bian)璋(zhang)(zhang)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)所过山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),非直(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)勺酌(zhuo)献而已,亦(yi)有(you)牢,故(gu)《校人职》云(yun):“将有(you)事於(wu)四(si)海山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),则饰(shi)黄(huang)驹(ju)。”注(zhu)云(yun):“四(si)海犹四(si)方。王巡守(shou)过大(da)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),则有(you)杀驹(ju)以(yi)(yi)祈沈之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)与?”是(shi)其牲(sheng)(sheng)牢也(ye)。引《曾(ceng)子问》曰“凡告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)必用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)币,反亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),按彼注(zhu)破“牲(sheng)(sheng)”为“制”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)币不(bu)(bu)破之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),彼文不(bu)(bu)取(qu)牲(sheng)(sheng)义,直(zhi)取(qu)出告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)反亦(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而已,故(gu)破牲(sheng)(sheng)为制。於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng),知(zhi)者(zhe),《王制》云(yun):“归假(jia)于祖祢(mi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特”,《尧典》亦(yi)云(yun)“归格于艺祖,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特”,《校人》有(you)“饰(shi)黄(huang)驹(ju)”之(zhi)(zhi)文,则知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)出入皆(jie)有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)礼(li),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)破牲(sheng)(sheng)为制。
建邦(bang)国(guo),先(xian)告(gao)后(hou)土,用牲币。(后(hou)土,社(she)神(shen)也。)
[疏]注“后土社神也”
○释曰:按《大宗伯(bo)》“王大封则(ze)(ze)先告(gao)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)”,注云:“后(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)。”土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)则(ze)(ze)社神(shen)(shen)也。按《孝经(jing)纬》云:“社者,五(wu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)总神(shen)(shen)。”《郊特牲》云“社祭土(tu)(tu)(tu)而主阴气”,故(gu)名(ming)社为(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)。勾(gou)龙生(sheng)为(wei)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)官(guan),死则(ze)(ze)配社,故(gu)举配食人神(shen)(shen)以言社,其(qi)实告(gao)社神(shen)(shen)也。以其(qi)建邦国,土(tu)(tu)(tu)地之(zhi)事,故(gu)先告(gao)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。虽(sui)告(gao)祭非常,有(you)牲有(you)币,礼动不虚(xu)故(gu)也。
禁(jin)督逆祀(si)命(ming)者(zhe)。(督,正也(ye)。正王之所(suo)命(ming),诸侯之所(suo)祀(si),有逆者(zhe),则刑(xing)罚焉。)
[疏]“禁督逆祀命者”
○释曰:王者有命,命诸侯祭祀之事,不使上僭下逼,谓之礼。若有违者,即谓之逆。命大祝掌鬼神之官,故禁正逆祀命也。
○注“督正”至“罚焉”
○释曰:经直云(yun)“禁督(du)逆祀命(ming)”,郑(zheng)以(yi)诸侯解之(zhi)者,承上建邦国,故知据诸侯。云(yun)“有逆者,则刑罚焉”者,大(da)祝主诸侯逆祀,告上与(yu)之(zhi)刑罪,不得自(zi)施刑罚。
颁祭号(hao)于邦国都鄙。(祭号(hao),六号(hao)。)
[疏]注“祭号六号”
○释曰:邦国,谓畿外诸侯。都鄙,畿内三等采地。天(tian)(tian)祝主祭(ji)号,故大祝颁之(zhi)。六号之(zhi)中兼有(you)天(tian)(tian)地。诸侯不(bu)得(de)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)地,而(er)郑云(yun)“祭(ji)号,六号”,郑据(ju)大祝掌六号,据(ju)上成文而(er)言(yan),鲁与二王(wang)之(zhi)後得(de)祭(ji)所感帝,兼有(you)神号。
小祝掌小祭祀,将事侯禳祷祠之祝号,以祈福祥,顺丰年,逆时雨,宁风旱,弥灾兵,远罪疾。(侯之言候也,候嘉庆,祈福祥之属。禳,禳凶咎,宁风旱之属。顺丰年而顺为之祝辞。逆,迎也。弥读曰敉。敉,安也。
○弥,依(yi)注音敉,亡尔反,下注同(tong)。远,于万反。)
[疏]“小祝”至“疾”
○释曰:“掌小祭祀”者,即是“将事侯禳”已下祷祠之事是也。小祭祀与将事侯禳已下作目,将事侯禳祷祠祝号,又与祈福祥、顺丰年已下为目。祈福祥、顺丰年、逆时雨,三者皆是侯。宁风旱、弥灾兵、远罪疾,三者即是禳。求福谓之祷,报赛谓之祠。皆有祝号。故总谓之祷祠之祝辞。“祈福祥”已下不言“一曰”、“二曰”者,大祝已言讫,小祝佐大祝行事,故略而不言,亦欲见事起无常,故不言其次第。
○注“侯之”至“安也”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):“侯之(zhi)言候(hou)也,候(hou)嘉庆(qing),祈福祥之(zhi)属”者(zhe),“之(zhi)属”中兼有顺(shun)丰(feng)年,逆时雨。嘉,善也。此(ci)三者(zhe)皆是(shi)善庆(qing)之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)设祈祷候(hou)迎之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“禳(rang),禳(rang)凶(xiong)(xiong)咎,宁风旱之(zhi)属”者(zhe),“之(zhi)属”中兼有弥灾(zai)兵,远罪疾,三者(zhe)是(shi)凶(xiong)(xiong)咎之(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)设祷祠(ci)禳(rang)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“顺(shun)丰(feng)年而顺(shun)为之(zhi)祝辞”者(zhe),案《管(guan)子》云(yun)(yun):“仓廪实(shi)而知礼节(jie),衣食(shi)足知荣辱。”意皆欲如此(ci),是(shi)丰(feng)年顺(shun)民意也。故(gu)(gu)设祈礼,以求丰(feng)年而顺(shun)民,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)为之(zhi)祝辞也。云(yun)(yun)“弥读(du)(du)曰(yue)(yue)敉。敉,安(an)也”者(zhe),案《洛(luo)诰》云(yun)(yun):“亦未克敉公功(gong)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“敉,安(an)也。”故(gu)(gu)知此(ci)弥读(du)(du)曰(yue)(yue)敉,敉,安(an)也。
大(da)(da)祭祀,逆(ni)盛,送逆(ni)尸(shi),沃尸(shi)盥,赞(zan)隋(sui),赞(zan)彻(che)(che),赞(zan)奠。(隋(sui),尸(shi)之(zhi)祭也。奠,奠爵也。祭祀奠先(xian)彻(che)(che)後,反言之(zhi)者,明(ming)所(suo)佐大(da)(da)祝非一(yi)。)
[疏]“大祭”至“赞奠”
○释曰:云“逆盛”者,祭宗庙馈献後,尸将入室食,小祝於庙门外,迎饣喜人之盛於庙堂东,实之,荐於神座前。“送逆尸”者,为始祭迎尸而入,祭末送尸而出。《祭义》云“乐以迎来,哀以送往”是也。云“沃尸盥”者,尸尊不就洗。按《特牲》、《少牢》,尸入庙门,盥於盘,其时小祝沃水。云“赞隋”者,案《特牲》、《少牢》,尸始入室,拜妥尸,尸隋祭,以韭菹扌需于醢,以祭於豆间,小祝其时赞尸以授之。云“赞彻”者,《大祝》云:“既祭,命彻。”诸宰君妇彻时,小祝赞之也。云“赞奠”者,大祝酌酒,奠于南,则《郊特牲》注“天子奠,诸侯奠角”,小祝其时赞之。
○注“隋尸”至“非一”
○释曰:主人受尸酢时(shi),亦有隋祭(ji)。但(dan)此(ci)经“赞(zan)隋”,文承逆尸沃尸之(zhi)下(xia),故(gu)隋是尸之(zhi)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“奠(dian)(dian),奠(dian)(dian)爵也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),则《特牲》“祝酌奠(dian)(dian)于南(nan)”是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)祀奠(dian)(dian)先彻(che)後”者(zhe)(zhe),奠(dian)(dian)爵在尸食前,彻(che)在尸谡後,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)奠(dian)(dian)先彻(che)後。云(yun)(yun)“反(fan)言(yan)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),经先言(yan)彻(che),後言(yan)奠(dian)(dian),反(fan)言(yan)之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)所佐(zuo)大祝非一,故(gu)倒文以见(jian)义(yi)。
凡事(shi),佐大祝。(唯(wei)大祝所(suo)有事(shi)。)
[疏]注“唯大祝所有事”
○释曰(yue):经云“凡事”,诸有(you)事皆佐大(da)(da)(da)祝,故(gu)郑云“唯大(da)(da)(da)祝所有(you)事”。乃(nai)佐之,据(ju)《大(da)(da)(da)祝职》不(bu)言之者(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)(huo)佐馀官,或(huo)(huo)小祝专(zhuan)行之也(ye)。若然,佐大(da)(da)(da)祝不(bu)在职末言之,於此见文者(zhe)(zhe),欲自此已上有(you)佐大(da)(da)(da)祝者(zhe)(zhe),自此已下唯大(da)(da)(da)丧赞氵弭佐大(da)(da)(da)祝,设熬以(yi)下小祝专(zhuan)行。
大丧,赞氵弭,(故书“氵弭”为“摄”,杜子春云:“当为氵弭,氵弭谓浴尸。”)设熬,置铭;(铭,今书或作名。郑司农云:“铭,书死者名於旌,今谓之柩。《士丧礼》曰:‘为铭,各以其物。亡则以缁,长半幅;末,长终幅,广三寸。书名于末,曰某氏某之柩。竹杠长三尺,置于西阶上。’重木置于中庭,参分庭一在南。粥馀饭,盛以二鬲,县于重,幂用苇席。取铭置于重。”杜子春云:“熬谓重也。《檀弓》曰:‘铭,明旌也。以死者为不可别,故以其旗识之,爱之斯录之矣,敬之斯尽其道焉尔。重,主道也。殷主缀重焉,周主彻重焉,奠以素器,以主人有哀素之心也。’”玄谓熬者,棺既盖,设於其旁,所以惑蚍蜉也。《丧大记》曰:“熬,君四种八筐,大夫三种六筐,士二种四筐,加鱼腊焉。”《士丧礼》曰:“熬,黍稷各二筐,有鱼腊,馔于西坫南。”又曰:“设熬,旁一筐,乃涂。”
○熬,五羔反(fan)(fan)。为名,音铭,下(xia)“取名”同(tong)。,敕贞反(fan)(fan)。杠,音江(jiang)。重,直(zhi)龙反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。粥,之六反(fan)(fan),又音育(yu)。盛,音成。鬲,音历。识识,并伤志反(fan)(fan),一读下(xia)识,如字。尽,津忍反(fan)(fan)。蚍,音毗。蜉,音浮。种,章勇反(fan)(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。坫,丁(ding)念(nian)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“设熬置铭”
○释曰:熬,谓熬。殡在堂时,设於棺旁,所以惑蚍蜉。云“置铭”者,铭谓铭旌,书死者名。既殡,置於阶西上,所以表柩。
○注“铭今”至“乃涂”
○释曰(yue):“铭(ming)今(jin)书或(huo)作(zuo)名(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)古书出(chu)见(jian),今(jin)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》或(huo)作(zuo)名(ming),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)铭(ming)书死(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming),亦(yi)(yi)得通一(yi)(yi)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)司农以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“铭(ming),书死(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)於(wu)(wu)旌(jing),今(jin)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柩(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),铭(ming)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表柩(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)汉时(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)铭(ming)为(wei)(wei)柩(jiu)(jiu)。《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)“为(wei)(wei)铭(ming)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)物”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)铭(ming)旌(jing),用生时(shi)(shi)(shi)旌(jing)旗(qi)(qi),但沽而小(xiao)。案(an)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)(zhu),王则(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常,诸侯则(ze)(ze)建(jian),孤卿(qing)建(jian)旃,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)物。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亡则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缁(zi),长(zhang)半幅”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亡,无(wu)也(ye),为(wei)(wei)生时(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)旌(jing)旗(qi)(qi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)命是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。生时(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)旌(jing)旗(qi)(qi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用缁(zi),长(zhang)半幅,长(zhang)一(yi)(yi)尺。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未,长(zhang)终幅,广(guang)三(san)寸”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《尔雅》,一(yi)(yi)入赤汁谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纟原,再(zai)入谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。,赤色缯也(ye)。长(zhang)终幅,长(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)尺。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书名(ming)于(yu)(yu)末(mo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),书死(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)於(wu)(wu)末(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“曰(yue)某(mou)(mou)氏某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柩(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),某(mou)(mou)氏是(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing),下(xia)某(mou)(mou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)。此谓(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)。案(an)《丧(sang)服小(xiao)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),周(zhou)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)诸侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)书铭(ming),并与(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竹杠长(zhang)三(san)尺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依《礼(li)(li)(li)纬》,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)旌(jing)旗(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杠九仞(ren),诸侯七(qi)仞(ren),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)五仞(ren),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)仞(ren)。今(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)尺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尺易仞(ren)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)西阶上(shang)(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),始(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)即作(zuo)铭(ming),倚(yi)于(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。殡(bin)讫,置(zhi)於(wu)(wu)西阶上(shang)(shang)屋宇下(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)木”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),亦(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》文。经(jing)虽不(bu)(bu)言(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》有(you)(you)“取(qu)铭(ming)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)因铭(ming)兼(jian)解重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。言(yan)“粥(zhou)馀饭(fan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),饭(fan)米与(yu)沐米同(tong)。按(an)《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)记》:“君(jun)沐梁,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)沐稷(ji),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沐粱,诸侯士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沐稻(dao)。”天子(zi)(zi)(zi)当沐黍(shu)(shu),饭(fan)米之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)粥(zhou),盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)鬲。按(an)郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》,鬲与(yu)簋同(tong)差,天子(zi)(zi)(zi)八(ba)(ba),诸侯六(liu)(liu),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)四(si),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“取(qu)铭(ming)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)未殡(bin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前。殡(bin)讫,则(ze)(ze)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)西阶上(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)谓(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“取(qu)铭(ming)置(zhi)於(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,与(yu)此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“设(she)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)置(zhi)铭(ming)”,亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)设(she)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)讫,置(zhi)铭(ming)於(wu)(wu)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)上(shang)(shang),事相当。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)与(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所设(she)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)从也(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《檀弓》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)既解熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),遂(sui)引(yin)(yin)铭(ming)与(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)证耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“铭(ming),明(ming)旌(jing)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)神(shen)明(ming)死(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)旌(jing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)死(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)铭(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)焉(yan)(yan)尔”,郑(zheng)(zheng)彼注(zhu)(zhu)谓(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)与(yu)奠,则(ze)(ze)斯(si)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)据(ju)(ju)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),斯(si)尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)据(ju)(ju)奠。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)引(yin)(yin)证重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),则(ze)(ze)取(qu)爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)录之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)取(qu)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)道(dao),连(lian)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)(zhu)道(dao)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),始(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),葬後乃有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)始(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)虽未有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)木主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)道(dao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷主(zhu)(zhu)缀(zhui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)彼注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷人作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu),而联其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),悬诸庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)。去(qu)显考乃埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。谓(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi),至(zhi)(zhi)葬後作(zuo)木主(zhu)(zhu),乃缀(zhui)连(lian)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬲,悬於(wu)(wu)祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祥(xiang)迁庙(miao)(miao)(miao),乃埋(mai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)门外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)殷主(zhu)(zhu)缀(zhui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)主(zhu)(zhu)彻(che)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)人不(bu)(bu)缀(zhui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亦(yi)(yi)死(si)(si)(si)(si)始(shi)(shi)作(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),至(zhi)(zhi)葬朝(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)柩(jiu)(jiu)从入祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。朝(chao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)讫,明(ming)旦(dan)将(jiang)葬,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先(xian)出(chu),倚(yi)于(yu)(yu)道(dao)左(zuo)。葬後既虞,埋(mai)於(wu)(wu)所倚(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),周(zhou)人作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu),彻(che)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奠以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)素(su)器,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)人有(you)(you)哀素(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)连(lian)引(yin)(yin),於(wu)(wu)经(jing)无(wu)所当。“玄谓(wei)(wei)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),棺(guan)既盖,设(she)於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)旁(pang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),约《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》而知(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惑蚍蜉也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)正文,郑(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)似(si)蚍蜉,蚍蜉见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)(zhi)棺(guan)旁(pang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)惑。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《丧(sang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)记》曰(yue)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao)君(jun)四(si)种八(ba)(ba)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍(shu)(shu)、稷(ji)、稻(dao)、梁各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)三(san)种六(liu)(liu)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍(shu)(shu)、稷(ji)梁各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)种四(si)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黍(shu)(shu)、稷(ji)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“加(jia)鱼腊(la)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),君(jun)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)、士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao),黍(shu)(shu)稷(ji)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),有(you)(you)鱼腊(la),馔于(yu)(yu)西坫南(nan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),堂西南(nan)隅谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坫。馔於(wu)(wu)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)(ju)未用时(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盖後,设(she)於(wu)(wu)棺(guan)旁(pang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又曰(yue)设(she)熬(ao)(ao)(ao)(ao),旁(pang)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),乃涂”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此皆(jie)所设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处。言(yan)旁(pang)一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),则(ze)(ze)首(shou)(shou)足各一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)亦(yi)(yi)旁(pang)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),首(shou)(shou)足各一(yi)(yi)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。君(jun)八(ba)(ba)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),左(zuo)右(you)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),首(shou)(shou)足亦(yi)(yi)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)筐(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。郑(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)引(yin)(yin)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破子(zi)(zi)(zi)春(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
及葬,设道赍之奠,分祷五祀。(杜子春云:“赍当为粢。道中祭也。汉仪每街路辄祭。”玄谓赍犹送也。送道之奠,谓遣奠也。分其牲体以祭五祀,告王去此宫中,不复反,故兴祭祀也。王七祀,五者,司命、大厉,平生出入不以告。
○赍,音(yin)咨。遣(qian),弃(qi)战反。)
[疏]“及葬”至“五祀”
○释曰:赍,送也。“送道之奠”,谓将葬,於祖庙之庭设大遣奠。遣,送死者,故谓之送道之奠,因分此奠以告五祀,言王去此宫中也。
○注“杜子”至“以告”
○释(shi)曰:子春(chun)云(yun)(yun),读“赍”为“粢(zi)”,粢(zi)谓黍(shu)稷以(yi)为道中祭(ji)(ji)也(ye),引汉法为证。後郑不从者(zhe),按(an)《既夕(xi)(xi)礼》祖(zu)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)庭(ting),礼道中无祭(ji)(ji)法。“玄谓赍犹送也(ye),送道之(zhi)(zhi)奠,谓遣奠也(ye)”者(zhe),按(an)《既夕(xi)(xi)礼》,祖(zu)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)庭(ting),厥(jue)明设大遣奠,包牲(sheng)取(qu)下(xia)体是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“分其牲(sheng)体以(yi)祭(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si),告王(wang)去此宫中,不复反”者(zhe),言分牲(sheng)体者(zhe),包牲(sheng)而取(qu)其下(xia)体,下(xia)体之(zhi)(zhi)外,分之(zhi)(zhi)为五(wu)(wu)处祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)七(qi)祀(si)(si)”者(zhe),《祭(ji)(ji)法》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)“司命(ming)、大厉,平生(sheng)出(chu)入不以(yi)告”者(zhe),按(an)《月令(ling)》,春(chun)祀(si)(si)户,夏(xia)祀(si)(si)灶,季夏(xia)祀(si)(si)中ニ,秋(qiu)则(ze)祀(si)(si)门,冬则(ze)祀(si)(si)行(xing)。此并是人之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)所(suo)(suo)由从之(zhi)(zhi)处,非(fei)直四时合祭(ji)(ji),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)出(chu)入亦宜(yi)告之(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)《祭(ji)(ji)法》,王(wang)七(qi)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)司命(ming)、大厉,此经五(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)与《月令(ling)》同,《月令(ling)》不祭(ji)(ji)司命(ming)及(ji)大厉之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),此不祭(ji)(ji)则(ze)可知。《既夕(xi)(xi)》,士礼,亦云(yun)(yun)“分祷五(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)”者(zhe),郑注云(yun)(yun)“博求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)”。依《祭(ji)(ji)法》,士二祀(si)(si)。
大师,掌衅祈(qi)号祝(zhu)。(司(si)农云:“衅谓衅鼓也。《春秋传》曰(yue):君以(yi)(yi)军行,祓社衅鼓,祝(zhu)奉以(yi)(yi)从(cong)。”)
[疏]“大师”至“号祝”
○释曰:云“掌衅”者,据大师氏之文而言耳,则惟为以血衅鼓。“祈号也”者,将出军祷祈之礼,皆小祝号以读祝辞,盖所以令将军祈而请之也。此皆小事,故大师用小祝以读祝耳。
○注“郑司”至“以从”
○释曰:引(yin)(yin)“《春秋传(chuan)》曰”者(zhe),定四年祝佗辞(ci)。引(yin)(yin)之者(zhe),证军师(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)衅(xin)鼓(gu)之事(shi)。所引(yin)(yin)之辞(ci)者(zhe),将以登军师(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)必取威於天(tian)下,欲使敌人(ren)畏之也。所以必有(you)(you)征(zheng)伐四方之事(shi),故须用血以衅(xin)於,鼓(gu)故有(you)(you)衅(xin)鼓(gu)之事(shi)。
有寇戎之事,则保郊,祀于社。(故书“祀”或作“衤┆”。司农云:“谓保守郊祭诸祀及社,无令寇侵犯之。”杜子春读“礻┆”为“祀”。书亦或为“祀”。玄谓保祀互文,郊社皆守而祀之,弥灾兵。
○礻┆,音祀(si)。令(ling),力呈(cheng)反,下“令(ling)可(ke)”同(tong)。)
[疏]注“故书”至“灾兵”
○释曰(yue):先郑(zheng)云“谓(wei)(wei)保守郊祭(ji)诸(zhu)祀(si)及(ji)社(she)”者,先郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)义,经之(zhi)(zhi)祀(si),谓(wei)(wei)祀(si)神,故(gu)云祭(ji)诸(zhu)祀(si)及(ji)社(she)。後(hou)郑(zheng)不从者,以其(qi)经祀(si)为(wei)诸(zhu)祀(si),祀(si)与社(she)文,此不见祭(ji)事,故(gu)祀(si)於(wu)社(she),其(qi)为(wei)一事解之(zhi)(zhi)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)保祀(si)互文”者,郊言(yan)保守,亦(yi)祀(si)。社(she)言(yan)祀(si),亦(yi)保守。故(gu)云郊社(she)皆守而祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“弥(mi)灾(zai)兵”者,经言(yan)有寇戎之(zhi)(zhi)事,则(ze)亦(yi)是灾(zai)兵,故(gu)引《小祝》“弥(mi)灾(zai)兵”而解之(zhi)(zhi)。
凡外(wai)内小(xiao)祭祀、小(xiao)丧纪、小(xiao)会同、小(xiao)军旅,掌事焉。
[疏]“凡外”至“事焉”
○释(shi)曰:“外(wai)内小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)”者,按《小司(si)徒》“小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)奉(feng)牛牲”,郑注云:“小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),王(wang)(wang)玄(xuan)冕所祭(ji)(ji)。”按《司(si)服》“群小祀(si)(si)用(yong)玄(xuan)冕”,郑注云:“小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)谓林(lin)泽四方百物。”是外(wai)小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)也。其内小祀(si)(si),谓宫中七祀(si)(si)之(zhi)等。“小丧(sang)纪(ji)”者,王(wang)(wang)后(hou)以下之(zhi)丧(sang)。“小会(hui)同”,谓诸侯遣臣来,王(wang)(wang)使卿(qing)大夫与之(zhi)行会(hui)同之(zhi)礼。“小军(jun)旅”者,王(wang)(wang)不(bu)自行,遣卿(qing)大夫征伐。“掌事”者,此(ci)数事皆小祝专掌其事也。