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春秋左氏传注疏卷五 桓元年,尽二年在线阅读

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卷五 桓元年(nian),尽二年(nian)

  ◎桓公
  ○陆曰:“桓公名(ming)轨,惠公之子,隐公之弟(di),母仲(zhong)子。《史记》亦名(ming)允。谥(shi)法‘辟土(tu)服远曰桓’。”

[疏]正义曰:《鲁世(shi)家(jia)》“桓(huan)公名允,惠(hui)公之子(zi),隐公之弟(di),仲子(zi)所生。以桓(huan)王(wang)九年即位,庄王(wang)三年薨”。《世(shi)本》“桓(huan)公名轨”。《世(shi)族谱》亦(yi)为轨。谥(shi)法(fa)“辟土服(fu)远(yuan)曰桓(huan)”。谥(shi)法(fa)非(fei)一,略举一耳,亦(yi)不知本以何行而为此谥(shi),他皆放(fang)此。是岁,岁在(zai)玄枵(xiao)。

【经】元年,春,王正月,公即位。(嗣子位定於初丧而改元必须逾年者,继父之业,成父之志,不忍有变於中年也。诸侯每首岁必有礼於庙,诸遭丧继位者因此而改元正位,百官以序。故国史亦书即位之事於策。桓公篡立而用常礼,欲自同於遭丧继位者。《释例》论之备矣。
  ○篡立,初(chu)患反。)

[疏]注“嗣子”至“备矣”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue):《顾命》曰(yue)“乙丑成王(wang)崩,使(shi)齐侯(hou)吕伋以(yi)二干戈逆子(zi)(zi)钊于南门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,延入(ru)翼室,恤(xu)宅宗(zong)(zong)”。孔(kong)安国(guo)云(yun):“明室路寝延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)居忧为(wei)天下(xia)宗(zong)(zong)主。”天子(zi)(zi)初(chu)崩,嗣子(zi)(zi)定(ding)位(wei)(wei),则(ze)诸侯(hou)亦当然也(ye)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“《商书·顾命》,天子(zi)(zi)在殡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)制(zhi)也(ye)。推此亦足以(yi)准诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)矣。”是知嗣子(zi)(zi)位(wei)(wei)定(ding)於(wu)初(chu)丧(sang),孝子(zi)(zi)缘生以(yi)事死(si),岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首日,必朝事宗(zong)(zong)庙,因即(ji)改(gai)元(yuan)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“襄二十九(jiu)年(nian)经书‘春王(wang)正(zheng)(zheng)月公(gong)(gong)(gong)在楚(chu)’。传曰(yue):‘释不(bu)(bu)(bu)朝正(zheng)(zheng)于庙也(ye)。’”然则(ze)诸侯(hou)每岁首必有礼(li)於(wu)庙,今(jin)遭丧(sang)继立者(zhe),每新年(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)月亦改(gai)元(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)位(wei)(wei),百官以(yi)序(xu),故(gu)国(guo)史因书即(ji)位(wei)(wei)於(wu)策,以(yi)表之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此新君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常礼(li)也(ye)。桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)隐(yin),本无君臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,计隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si),桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)合改(gai)元(yuan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)假(jia)逾年(nian)方行即(ji)位(wei)(wei),犹如晋厉被弑,悼(dao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)改(gai)元(yuan)。今(jin)桓虽实(shi)篡(cuan)(cuan)立,归罪寪氏,诈言不(bu)(bu)(bu)与贼谋而(er)(er)用(yong)常礼(li),自同於(wu)遭丧(sang)继位(wei)(wei)者(zhe),亦既实(shi)即(ji)其位(wei)(wei)。国(guo)史依(yi)实(shi)书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。仲尼因而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai),反(fan)明公(gong)(gong)(gong)实(shi)篡(cuan)(cuan)立而(er)(er)自同於(wu)常,亦足见桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篡(cuan)(cuan)也(ye)。

三月,公会郑伯于垂,郑伯以璧假许田。
  ○假,举下反(fan)。

夏,四月,丁未,公及郑伯盟于越。公以篡立而脩好於郑,郑因而迎之,成礼於垂,终易二田,然后结盟。垂,犬丘,卫地也。越,近垂,地名。郑求祀周公,鲁听受祊田,令郑废泰山之祀。知其非礼,故以璧假为文,时之所隐。
  ○好(hao),呼报反(fan),传同。近(jin)附近(jin)之近(jin)。祊,百(bai)庚反(fan)。令(ling),力呈反(fan)。

[疏]注“公以”至“为文时之所隐”。
  ○正义曰:成(cheng)会(hui)礼於垂(chui),既易许田,然后盟以结之。故先会(hui),次(ci)假(jia)田,然后书盟也。言迎之成(cheng)礼於垂(chui)者,垂(chui)是卫地(di),沈以为公迎郑伯於垂(chui),知时史(shi)之所隐(yin)讳者,传(chuan)不言书曰,知非仲(zhong)尼本意也。

秋,大(da)水(shui)。书,灾也。传例曰(yue):“凡(fan)平原出水(shui)为大(da)水(shui)”。

冬,十月。

【传】元年,春,公即位,修好于郑。郑人请复祀周公,卒易祊田。(事在隐八年。
  ○复,扶又反。)公许之。“三月,郑伯以璧假许田”,为周公、祊故也。(鲁不宜听郑祀周公,又不宜易取祊田。犯二不宜以动,故隐其实。不言祊,称璧假,言若进璧以假田,非久易也。
  ○为,于伪反。)

[疏]注“鲁(lu)(lu)不(bu)”至“易(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)”。正义(yi)曰(yue):祊(beng)(beng)薄於许,加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)璧(bi),易(yi)(yi)取(qu)许田(tian)(tian),非假(jia)借之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。今经乃以(yi)(yi)璧(bi)假(jia)为文,故传言为周(zhou)(zhou)公,祊(beng)(beng)故,解经璧(bi)假(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)。注又解传之(zhi)(zhi)意,周(zhou)(zhou)公非郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)祖,鲁(lu)(lu)不(bu)宜(yi)听郑(zheng)祀周(zhou)(zhou)公。天(tian)子赐鲁(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)许田(tian)(tian),义(yi)当传之(zhi)(zhi)后世(shi),不(bu)宜(yi)易(yi)(yi)取(qu)祊(beng)(beng)田(tian)(tian)。於此(ci)一事,犯二不(bu)宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)动(dong),故史官讳(hui)其(qi)实,不(bu)言以(yi)(yi)祊(beng)(beng)易(yi)(yi)许,乃称以(yi)(yi)璧(bi)假(jia)田(tian)(tian),言若进璧(bi)於鲁(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)权借许田(tian)(tian),非久易(yi)(yi)然(ran)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)讳(hui)国(guo)恶也(ye)(ye),不(bu)言以(yi)(yi)祊(beng)(beng)假(jia)而言以(yi)(yi)璧(bi)假(jia)者,此(ci)璧(bi)实入於鲁(lu)(lu)。但诸侯(hou)相交,有执(zhi)圭璧(bi)致(zhi)信(xin)命之(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li),今言以(yi)(yi)璧(bi)假(jia),似若进璧(bi)以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)辞然(ran),故璧(bi)犹(you)可言,祊(beng)(beng)则不(bu)可言也(ye)(ye)。何则?祊(beng)(beng)、许俱地(di),以(yi)(yi)地(di)借地(di),易(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)巳章,非复(fu)得为隐讳(hui)故也(ye)(ye)。

“夏,四月,丁未,公及郑伯盟于越”,结祊成也。结成易二田之事也。传以经不书祊,故独见祊。
  ○见,贤遍反。盟曰:“渝盟,无享国!”渝,变也。
  ○渝,羊(yang)朱反。享,许丈反。

[疏]注“渝,变也”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):《释言(yan)》文也。传载其盟辞者,以(yi)(yi)易(yi)田(tian)恶事,而(er)誓不变改,见其终无悔心,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)深恶鲁也。此(ci)时(shi)(shi)许田(tian)已入於郑(zheng)(zheng),而(er)《诗颂(song)》僖公云:“居常与(yu)许,复周(zhou)公之(zhi)宇。”盖僖公之(zhi)时(shi)(shi)复得之(zhi)也。齐人(ren)(ren)取讙及阐,及其归也,经复书(shu)之(zhi),自此(ci)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)不书(shu)郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)来归许田(tian)者,此(ci)经书(shu)假,言(yan)若暂(zan)以(yi)(yi)借郑(zheng)(zheng),地(di)仍鲁物,不得书(shu)郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)归之(zhi)。

“秋,大(da)水(shui)”,凡平(ping)原(yuan)出水(shui)为大(da)水(shui)。广平(ping)曰原(yuan)。

[疏]“凡平原”至“大水”。
  ○正义曰:《洪范》云:“水曰润下。”言雨自上而下浸润於土,陂鄣下地,可使水潦停焉。平原高地则不宜有也。凡平原出水则为大水。平原出水,言水不入於土而出於地上,非涌泉出也。
  ○注“广平曰原”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《释地》文也。李巡曰:“谓(wei)土地宽博而平正,名(ming)之曰原。”

冬,郑伯拜盟。郑伯若自来,则经不书;若遣使,则当言郑人,不得称郑伯。疑谬误。
  ○使,所吏(li)反。

[疏]注“郑伯”至“谬误”。
  ○正义曰:六年传云(yun)(yun)(yun):“鲁(lu)为其班后。”郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)亲班齐馈”,则亦(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)大夫戍齐矣。经不书(shu),盖史阙文。然则经所不书(shu),自有阙文之类(lei),注既疑此事(shi),不云(yun)(yun)(yun)阙文而云(yun)(yun)(yun)缪(mou)误者(zhe),师出征伐,贵贱皆书(shu),经所不书(shu),必(bi)是(shi)文阙。若使(shi)(shi)事(shi)重,使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虽(sui)贱亦(yi)(yi)书(shu)。郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)来(lai)渝(yu)平,齐人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)归讙及阐是(shi)也。今以拜盟(meng)事(shi)轻,若其使(shi)(shi)贱,则例不合书(shu)。故杜云(yun)(yun)(yun),若遣使(shi)(shi)来(lai),传当云(yun)(yun)(yun)郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),疑传缪(mou)误,知非实是(shi)郑(zheng)伯,为不见公。不书(shu)者(zhe),以鲁(lu)郑(zheng)相亲,易田结好,郑(zheng)伯既拜盟(meng)而来(lai),鲁(lu)君无容不见,故知非实是(shi)郑(zheng)伯,止是(shi)郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而已。

宋华父督见孔父之妻于路,华父督,宋戴公孙也。孔父嘉,孔子六世祖。
  ○华,户化反,大夫氏也。后(hou)皆同(tong)。督音笃。

[疏]注“华父”至“世祖”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:案《世(shi)本》云(yun):“华父(fu)督,宋戴公之(zhi)孙,好父(fu)说之(zhi)子(zi)。孔(kong)父(fu)嘉生(sheng)(sheng)木(mu)金父(fu),木(mu)金父(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)祁(qi)父(fu),其子(zi)奔鲁(lu)为防叔(shu)(shu)(shu),防叔(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)伯夏,伯夏生(sheng)(sheng)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)梁纥,叔(shu)(shu)(shu)梁纥生(sheng)(sheng)仲(zhong)尼。”是(shi)孔(kong)父(fu)嘉为孔(kong)子(zi)六世(shi)祖。

目逆而送之,曰:“美而艳。”色美曰艳。
  ○艳,以赡反,美(mei)色(se)也。

[疏]“目逆”至“而艳”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):未至则(ze)目(mu)逆,既(ji)过(guo)则(ze)目(mu)送,俱是目(mu)也,故以目(mu)冠之(zhi)。美者,言(yan)其(qi)形貌美;艳(yan)者,言(yan)其(qi)颜(yan)色(se)好(hao),故曰(yue)(yue)“美而艳(yan)”。为二事之(zhi)辞。“色(se)美曰(yue)(yue)艳(yan)”,《诗(shi)毛传(chuan)》文也。

【经】二年,春,王正月戊申,宋督弑其君与夷及其大夫孔父。(称督以弑,罪在督也。孔父称名者,内不能治其闺门,外取怨於民,身死而祸及其君。
  ○闺音圭。)

[疏]“宋督”至“孔父”。
  ○正义曰:凡言“其”者,是其身之所有,君是臣之君,故臣弑君,则云弑其君;臣是君之臣,故君杀臣,则云杀其大夫;子亦君之子,故云杀其世子。称国称人以杀亦言“其”者,人与国并举,一国之辞,君与大夫皆是国人所有,故亦言“其”也。若两臣相杀,死者非杀者所有,则两书名氏,不得言“其”,则王札子杀召伯、毛伯是也。与夷是督之君,言弑其君则可,孔父非督之大夫,而言及其大夫者,与君俱死。据君为文,言宋督弑其君;据督为文,而上弑其君也,言及其大夫孔父;据君为文,而下及其大夫,言及与夷之大夫,非督之大夫也。仇牧荀息其意亦同。
  ○注“称督”至“其君”。
  ○正义曰:宣四(si)年传例曰:“弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun):称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)无(wu)(wu)道(dao)也(ye)(ye);称(cheng)(cheng)臣,臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)知称(cheng)(cheng)督以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弑(shi),罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)在督也(ye)(ye)。诸言(yan)(yan)父(fu)(fu)(fu)者,虽或是(shi)(shi)(shi)字,而春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,有(you)齐侯(hou)禄父(fu)(fu)(fu)、蔡侯(hou)考父(fu)(fu)(fu)、季孙行(xing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)、卫孙林父(fu)(fu)(fu),乃(nai)(nai)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming),故(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)。文(wen)七年“宋(song)人(ren)杀其(qi)大夫”,传曰“不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming),众也(ye)(ye);且言(yan)(yan)非(fei)其(qi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)名(ming)者非(fei)其(qi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),则(ze)知称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)者,皆有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)矣。杜(du)既(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming),因论为(wei)(wei)(wei)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,内不(bu)(bu)(bu)能治(zhi)其(qi)闺(gui)门(men),使妻行(xing)於(wu)路,令华督见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);外取(qu)怨(yuan)於(wu)民,使君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)数(shu)攻战(zhan)而国人(ren)恨(hen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),身死(si)而祸(huo)及(ji)其(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),故(gu)书(shu)名(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰:“经书(shu)‘宋(song)督弑(shi)其(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与夷及(ji)其(qi)大夫孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)’,仲尼(ni)、丘明唯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)后见义,无(wu)(wu)善(shan)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)国政则(ze)取(qu)怨(yuan)於(wu)民,治(zhi)其(qi)家(jia)则(ze)无(wu)(wu)闺(gui)闱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,身先(xian)见杀,祸(huo)遂(sui)及(ji)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。既(ji)无(wu)(wu)所善(shan),仇牧(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)警(jing),而遇贼又(you)死(si)无(wu)(wu)忠事。晋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荀息,期欲复言(yan)(yan),本无(wu)(wu)大节(jie)。先(xian)儒皆随加善(shan)例,又(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)安。经书(shu)臣蒙君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)弑(shi)者有(you)三,直(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)弑(shi)死(si)相及(ji),即(ji)实为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)。仲尼(ni)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)督为(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)无(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,改(gai)书(shu)一事而已,无(wu)(wu)他(ta)例也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)行(xing)无(wu)(wu)可善(shan),书(shu)名(ming)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《公(gong)羊》、《穀梁》及(ji)先(xian)儒皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)善(shan)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)而书(shu)字,知不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)者,案(an)(an)“宋(song)人(ren)杀其(qi)大夫司马(ma)”,传称(cheng)(cheng)“握节(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si),故(gu)书(shu)其(qi)官”。“又(you)宋(song)人(ren)杀其(qi)大夫”,传以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui),“不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)名(ming)”。今孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si),传无(wu)(wu)善(shan)事,故(gu)杜(du)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming),言(yan)(yan)若齐侯(hou)禄父(fu)(fu)(fu)、宋(song)公(gong)兹(zi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。父(fu)(fu)(fu)既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming),孔(kong)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi),犹仇牧(mu)、荀息被(bei)杀皆书(shu)名(ming)氏(shi)。盖(gai)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)世以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孔(kong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi),故(gu)传云“督攻孔(kong)氏(shi)”也(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出,礼必拥蔽其(qi)面,孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)妻行(xing),令人(ren)见其(qi)色美,是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能治(zhi)其(qi)闺(gui)门(men)。及(ji)殇(shang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)攻战(zhan),孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)须伏死(si)而争(zheng),乃(nai)(nai)从君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)怨(yuan)於(wu)百姓。事由(you)孔(kong)父(fu)(fu)(fu),遂(sui)祸(huo)及(ji)其(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),似公(gong)子比劫立加弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)。杜(du)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)积累其(qi)恶,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)名(ming)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)达此旨,妄为(wei)(wei)(wei)规过(guo),非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。

滕子(zi)来朝。无传(chuan)。隐十一年称(cheng)侯,今称(cheng)子(zi)者,盖时王所(suo)黜。

[疏]注“隐十”至“所黜”。
  ○正义曰(yue):杞行夷(yi)礼,传每发之,此(ci)不发传,非为(wei)(wei)夷(yi)礼。自是(shi)以下,滕当称子,故疑为(wei)(wei)时(shi)王(wang)所黜。於时(shi)周桓王(wang)也,东(dong)周虽则微弱,犹为(wei)(wei)天下宗主,尚得命邾为(wei)(wei)诸侯,明能黜滕为(wei)(wei)子爵。

三月,公会齐(qi)侯(hou)、陈(chen)侯(hou)、郑伯于稷(ji),以(yi)成宋乱(luan)(luan)。成,平也。宋有弑君之乱(luan)(luan),故为(wei)会欲以(yi)平之。稷(ji),宋地。

[疏]注“成平”至“宋地”。
  ○正义曰:“成(cheng),平”,《释诂(gu)》文也(ye)。宣(xuan)十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)传(chuan)“晋侯(hou)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)于稷(ji)”,治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)欲以御秦,明其不出(chu)晋竟,故以稷(ji)为河东之(zhi)稷(ji)山。此欲平宋(song),故以稷(ji)为宋(song)地。

夏四月,取郜大鼎于宋。戊申,纳于大庙。宋以鼎赂公。大庙,周公庙也。始欲平宋之乱,终於受赂,故备书之。戊申,五月十日。
  ○郜,古(gu)报(bao)反。大(da)音(yin)泰,传大(da)庙仿(fang)此。

[疏]注“宋以”至“十(shi)日(ri)(ri)”。正(zheng)义(yi)曰:《礼记·明堂位》称鲁(lu)君“季夏六月(yue)以禘礼祀周(zhou)公於大(da)庙(miao)(miao)”,文十(shi)三年(nian)《公羊传(chuan)》曰“周(zhou)公称大(da)庙(miao)(miao)”,故(gu)知大(da)庙(miao)(miao),周(zhou)公庙(miao)(miao)也。始欲(yu)平(ping)宋乱(luan),故(gu)会(hui)于稷(ji),终舍(she)宋罪而(er)受其(qi)赂,故(gu)得(de)失备书(shu)之。始书(shu)成宋乱(luan),终书(shu)取郜鼎,是(shi)(shi)其(qi)备书(shu)之也。郑(zheng)众、服虔皆以成宋乱(luan)为成就宋乱(luan),故(gu)以此言正(zheng)之。《长历(li)》此年(nian)四月(yue)庚(geng)午朔(shuo),其(qi)月(yue)无戊申,五月(yue)已亥朔(shuo),十(shi)日(ri)(ri)得(de)戊申,是(shi)(shi)有日(ri)(ri)而(er)无月(yue)也。

秋七月,杞侯来朝。公即位而来朝。

蔡侯、郑伯会于邓。颍川召陵县西南有邓城。
  ○召,上照反。

[疏]注“颍川”至“邓城”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:贾、服以(yi)(yi)邓为(wei)国,言蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)、郑(zheng)(zheng)会(hui)於邓之国都(dou)。《释例》以(yi)(yi)此颍(ying)川(chuan)邓城为(wei)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)地(di),其邓国则义阳邓县(xian)是(shi)也。以(yi)(yi)邓是(shi)小(xiao)国,去(qu)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)路(lu)远,蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)、郑(zheng)(zheng)不宜远会(hui)其都(dou);且蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)、郑(zheng)(zheng)惧楚,始为(wei)此会(hui),何当反求(qiu)近楚小(xiao)国而与(yu)之结援(yuan)?故知非邓国也。

九月,入杞。不称主帅,微者也。弗地曰入。
  ○帅,所类反,或作师(shi)。公(gong)及戎盟于(yu)唐。冬(dong),公(gong)至(zhi)自唐。传(chuan)例曰:告于(yu)庙(miao)也(ye)。特相会(hui),故(gu)致地也(ye)。凡(fan)公(gong)行还不书至(zhi)者,皆(jie)不告庙(miao)也(ye)。隐不书至(zhi),谦不敢自同(tong)於正君书劳策勋。

[疏]注“传例”至“策勋”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《释例》曰:“凡盟有一百五,公行一百七十(shi)六(liu),书(shu)(shu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)八十(shi)二,其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)九十(shi)四,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)庙也(ye)(ye)。隐(yin)公之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao),谦(qian)也(ye)(ye);馀公之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao),慢於(wu)(wu)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。知隐(yin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为谦(qian)者(zhe),以隐(yin)是让位(wei)贤君,必不(bu)(bu)(bu)慢於(wu)(wu)宗(zong)庙,假使惰慢宗(zong)庙,止(zhi)可时或(huo)失礼(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)应终(zhong)隐(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)身竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知其(qi)以谦(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu),劳(lao)非所惮,勋(xun)无可纪(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢自(zi)同於(wu)(wu)正君书(shu)(shu)劳(lao)策(ce)勋(xun),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

【传】二年春,宋督攻孔氏,杀孔父而取其妻。公怒,督惧,遂弑殇公。君子以督为有无君之心,而后动於恶,(虽有君若无也。)故先书弑其君。会于稷,以成宋乱,为赂故,立华氏也。(经称平宋乱者,盖以鲁君受赂立华氏,贪纵之甚,恶其指斥,故远言始与齐、陈、郑为会之本意也。传言“为赂故,立华氏”,明经本书平宋乱,为公讳,讳在受赂立华氏也。犹璧假许田为周公祊故。所谓婉而成章。督未死而赐族,督之妄也。
  ○为赂(lu),于伪反(fan),注除“为会”一(yi)字(zi),并同。恶其,乌路反(fan)。婉,於(wu)阮反(fan)。)

[疏]“君子”至“其君”。
  ○正义曰:诸传言君子者,或当时贤者,或指斥仲尼,或语出丘明之意而讬诸贤者,期於明理而已,不复曲为义例。唯河阳之狩,赵盾之弑,泄冶之罪,危疑之理,须取圣证,故特称仲尼以明之,其馀皆讬诸君子。君子者,言其可以居上位,子下民,有德之美称也。此言先书弑君,则是仲尼新意。不言仲尼而言君子者,欲见君子之人意皆然,非独仲尼也。督有无君之心,而先书弑君者,君人执柄,臣人畏威,每事禀命而行,不敢妄相杀害,督乃专杀孔父而取其妻,非有忌君之心,全无敬上之意,不臣之迹在心已久,非为公怒始兴毒害。若先书孔父,后书弑君,便似既杀孔父始有恶心。今先书弑君,后书孔父,见其先有轻君之心,以著不义之极故也。
  ○注“经称”至“妄也”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赂(lu)故(gu)(gu)(gu),立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”,解经(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。成(cheng)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲杀贼臣定宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo),今乃受货赂(lu),立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),非是平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,而(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解经(jing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)申通其(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是四(si)国(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)谋。及其(qi)(qi)既会(hui)(hui)(hui),违背前(qian)谋,非徒不(bu)(bu)讨(tao)宋(song)(song)(song)督(du),乃更(geng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)实不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),而(er)(er)(er)(er)经(jing)书平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鲁君(jun)受赂(lu)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),贪货纵贼,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen),时(shi)史恶(e)其(qi)(qi)指斥,不(bu)(bu)可言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四(si)国(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)纵贼取(qu)财,故(gu)(gu)(gu)远言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)会(hui)(hui)(hui)于稷(ji)(ji),欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)实,解其(qi)(qi)讳(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)由。所(suo)(suo)讳(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),讳(hui)其(qi)(qi)受赂(lu)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)公(gong)祊故(gu)(gu)(gu),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)与(yu)此(ci)同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类相明。然案为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)公(gong)祊故(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)字(zi)在(zai)(zai)下,而(er)(er)(er)(er)向上结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)亦应云“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赂(lu)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)”。何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)”字(zi)乃在(zai)(zai)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上、为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赂(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公(gong)祊故(gu)(gu)(gu),其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)约少,得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)字(zi)在(zai)(zai)下,总而(er)(er)(er)(er)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)则文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)句(ju)长缓,不(bu)(bu)可总而(er)(er)(er)(er)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),先举(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赂(lu)恶(e)重(zhong),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赂(lu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)”也(ye)(ye)。然后始(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)立(li)(li)华(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),备详其(qi)(qi)事。今定本(ben)有(you)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)”字(zi),检(jian)晋、宋(song)(song)(song)古(gu)本(ben)往(wang)往(wang)无(wu)(wu)(wu)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)”字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),妄也(ye)(ye)。襄三十年(nian)(nian)(nian),诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿会(hui)(hui)(hui)于澶(chan)渊,谋归宋(song)(song)(song)财。既而(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)归,书曰(yue)“宋(song)(song)(song)灾(zai)故(gu)(gu)(gu)”,尤(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)书“成(cheng)宋(song)(song)(song)乱(luan)”,知非讥受赂(lu)尤(you)四(si)国(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),澶(chan)渊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui),贬(bian)(bian)卿称人,是尤(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),此(ci)则具序君(jun)爵,辞(ci)无(wu)(wu)(wu)贬(bian)(bian)责,非尤(you)过之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状。知为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)故(gu)(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)本(ben)其(qi)(qi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)意从其(qi)(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian),晋会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)于扈,欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)宋(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan),既而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)讨(tao),受赂(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)还,其(qi)(qi)事与(yu)此(ci)正(zheng)同,而(er)(er)(er)(er)经(jing)书“诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)(hui)于扈”,传(chuan)曰(yue)“书曰(yue)‘诸(zhu)侯(hou)’,无(wu)(wu)(wu)功也(ye)(ye)”。此(ci)亦无(wu)(wu)(wu)功,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)(hui)于稷(ji)(ji),而(er)(er)(er)(er)历(li)序诸(zhu)国(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),扈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)晋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯,会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讨(tao)乱(luan),乃受赂(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)还。犹如僖十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)城缘陵”,齐桓(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯,城而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)终,故(gu)(gu)(gu)贬(bian)(bian)称诸(zhu)侯(hou)。此(ci)则齐、陈、郑(zheng)自相平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)乱(luan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)加贬(bian)(bian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。知不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)讳(hui)、不(bu)(bu)贬(bian)(bian)诸(zhu)侯(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄泉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui),唯没(mei)公(gong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),其(qi)(qi)馀(yu)皆(jie)(jie)贬(bian)(bian)。此(ci)若必讳(hui),唯须没(mei)公(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已,何(he)须不(bu)(bu)贬(bian)(bian)诸(zhu)国(guo)?宣四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“公(gong)及齐侯(hou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)莒及郯(tan)”,成(cheng)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)同义(yi)(yi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)彼(bi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),史官非一,置(zhi)辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)同,犹暨(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)及,更(geng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)他义(yi)(yi)。所(suo)(suo)谓史有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)质,不(bu)(bu)必改也(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)称卫侯(hou)、郑(zheng)伯请平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)于晋,公(gong)皆(jie)(jie)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是知成(cheng)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)义(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)异也(ye)(ye)。

宋殇(shang)公立,十(shi)年十(shi)一战(zhan),殇(shang)公以隐四年立,十(shi)一战(zhan)皆在(zai)隐公世。

[疏]注“殇公”至“公世”。
  ○正义曰:服(fu)虔云:“与夷(yi),隐(yin)四年(nian)即位(wei),一(yi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),围其(qi)东门;再战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)取(qu)其(qi)禾,皆在(zai)隐(yin)四年(nian)。三战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)取(qu)邾(zhu)田(tian);四战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)邾(zhu)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),入其(qi)郛;五(wu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),围长葛,皆在(zai)隐(yin)五(wu)年(nian)。六战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)以王命伐(fa)(fa)宋(song),在(zai)隐(yin)九年(nian)。七(qi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),公败(bai)宋(song)师于菅;八战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),宋(song)、卫(wei)(wei)入郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);九战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),宋(song)人、蔡人、卫(wei)(wei)人伐(fa)(fa)戴;十(shi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),戊(wu)寅(yin),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)入宋(song),皆在(zai)隐(yin)十(shi)年(nian)。十(shi)一(yi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)以虢师大败(bai)宋(song)师,在(zai)隐(yin)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)。”是(shi)皆在(zai)隐(yin)公世也。

民不堪命。孔父嘉为司马,督为大宰,故因民之不堪命,先宣言曰:“司马则然。”言公之数战,则司马使尔。嘉,孔父字。
  ○大音泰。数音朔。已杀孔父而弑殇公,召庄公于郑而立之以亲郑。庄公,公子冯也。隐三年出居于郑。冯入宋,不书,不告也。
  ○冯,皮(pi)冰(bing)反,下同。以郜(gao)大鼎赂(lu)公,郜(gao)国所造器也,故系名於郜(gao)。济阴城武县(xian)东南有(you)北郜(gao)城。

[疏]注“郜国”至“郜城”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“郜(gao)(gao)鼎者,郜(gao)(gao)之所(suo)为也(ye)”,孔子曰(yue)“名从(cong)(cong)主人,故曰(yue)郜(gao)(gao)大鼎也(ye)”。《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“器从(cong)(cong)名,地从(cong)(cong)主人。”其(qi)意言器从(cong)(cong)本主之名,地从(cong)(cong)后(hou)属主人。是知郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo)所(suo)造,故系名於郜(gao)(gao)。刘(liu)君难杜(du)(du)(du)注“郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo),济阴(yin)成武县东(dong)南有(you)(you)北(bei)郜(gao)(gao)城”,郜(gao)(gao),宋(song)邑(yi),济阴(yin)成武县东(dong)南有(you)(you)郜(gao)(gao)城。俱是成武县东(dong)南,相(xiang)去(qu)不(bu)远(yuan),何(he)得(de)所(suo)为郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo),所(suo)为宋(song)邑(yi)?刘(liu)以南郜(gao)(gao)、北(bei)郜(gao)(gao)并宋(song)邑(yi),别(bie)有(you)(you)郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo)以规杜(du)(du)(du)氏。知不(bu)然者,以许田、许国(guo)(guo)相(xiang)去(qu)非(fei)遥(yao),则郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo)、郜(gao)(gao)邑(yi)何(he)妨相(xiang)近;且杜(du)(du)(du)言有(you)(you)者,皆是疑辞,何(he)得(de)执杜(du)(du)(du)之疑,以规其(qi)过?如刘(liu)所(suo)解,郜(gao)(gao)国(guo)(guo)竟在何(he)处?

齐、陈、郑皆有赂,故遂相宋公。
  ○相,息亮反,下注、传相同。夏四月,取郜大鼎于宋。戊申,纳于大庙,非礼也。臧哀伯谏曰:臧哀伯,鲁大夫僖伯之子。“君人者将昭德塞违以临照百官,犹惧或失之,故昭令德以示子孙。是以清庙茅屋,以茅饰屋,著俭也。清庙,肃然清净之称也。
  ○著,张虑反,后不音者同。称,尺证反。

[疏]“君人”至“子孙”。
  ○正义曰:君人,谓与人为君也。昭德,谓昭明善德,使德益章闻也。塞违,谓闭塞违邪使违命止息也。德者,得也。谓内得於心,外得於物。在心为德,施之为行。德是行之未发者也,而德在於心,不可闻见,故圣王设法以外物表之。俭与度、数、文、物、声、明,皆是昭德之事,故传每事皆言昭,是昭其德也。自“不敢易纪律”以上言昭德耳,都无塞违之事。自“灭德立违”以下言违德之事。德之与违,义不并立,德明则违绝,故“昭德”之下言“塞违”;违立则德灭,故“立违”之上言“灭德”。立违,谓建立违命之臣,知塞违谓遏绝违命之人也。“国家之败”,谓邦国丧亡,知“犹惧或失之”,谓恐失国家。此谏辞有首尾,故理互相见。
  ○注“以茅”至“之称”。
  ○正义曰:《冬官·考工记》有葺屋(wu)(wu)、瓦屋(wu)(wu),则屋(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)覆(fu)盖或草或瓦。传言(yan)“清(qing)(qing)(qing)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)屋(wu)(wu)”,其(qi)(qi)屋(wu)(wu)必用(yong)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye),但用(yong)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)覆(fu)屋(wu)(wu)更无他文(wen)(wen)。《明(ming)堂位》曰:“山节,藻棁複庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),重檐,刮楹(ying),达乡,反(fan)坫,出尊,崇坫康圭,疏屏,天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)饰(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)饰(shi)(shi)备物尽文(wen)(wen),不应(ying)以(yi)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)为(wei)覆(fu)。得有茅(mao)(mao)(mao)者(zhe),杜云“以(yi)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)饰(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu),著(zhu)俭也(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)而已,非谓多(duo)用(yong)其(qi)(qi)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)总为(wei)覆(fu)盖。犹童子(zi)垂(chui)髦(mao)及(ji)蔽(bi)膝之(zhi)(zhi)属,示其(qi)(qi)存古耳。《白虎通》曰:“王(wang)者(zhe)所以(yi)立宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)何?缘生以(yi)事死,敬(jing)亡若存,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)而事之(zhi)(zhi),此孝(xiao)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)也(ye)(ye)。宗者(zhe),尊也(ye)(ye)。庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe),貌也(ye)(ye)。象(xiang)先祖之(zhi)(zhi)尊貌。”然则象(xiang)尊之(zhi)(zhi)貌,享祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)所,严其(qi)(qi)舍宇,简其(qi)(qi)出入,其(qi)(qi)处肃(su)然清(qing)(qing)(qing)静(jing),故(gu)(gu)称清(qing)(qing)(qing)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe),宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)大称。《诗·颂·清(qing)(qing)(qing)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)》者(zhe),祀(si)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)歌,故(gu)(gu)郑玄以(yi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)天德(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)明(ming),文(wen)(wen)王(wang)象(xiang)焉(yan),故(gu)(gu)称清(qing)(qing)(qing)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。此则广指诸庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),非独(du)文(wen)(wen)王(wang),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)静(jing)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。

大路越席,大路,玉路,祀天车也。越席,结草。
  ○越,户括(kuo)反。“祀天车”,本或(huo)无(wu)“天”字者(zhe),非。

[疏]注“大路”至“越席结草”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)训(xun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye),君之(zhi)所在(zai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)号,门曰(yue)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门,寝曰(yue)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)寝,车(che)曰(yue)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)车(che),故(gu)(gu)人君之(zhi)车(che)通(tong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名也(ye)。《周礼·巾车(che)》“掌王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)五路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”,郑玄云(yun):“王(wang)(wang)在(zai)焉曰(yue)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。”彼解天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)车(che),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)耳。其(qi)(qi)实(shi)诸侯之(zhi)车(che)亦称为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe),《巾车(che)》五路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。故(gu)(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。《巾车(che)》云(yun):“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),锡樊缨,十有再就,建大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang),十有二(er)(er)(er)斿,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)祀天(tian)车(che)也(ye)。越席(xi),结蒲为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)席(xi),置於玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)茵(yin)藉,示(shi)其(qi)(qi)俭也(ye)。经(jing)、传言大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)者(zhe)多矣,注(zhu)者(zhe)皆观文为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。《尚书(shu)·顾命》陈列(lie)器(qi)物有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辂(lu)、缀辂(lu)、先(xian)辂(lu)、次辂(lu)。孔安国以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)、金、象以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饰车(che),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)遍陈诸路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周礼次之(zhi)。僖二(er)(er)(er)十八年(nian),“王(wang)(wang)赐(ci)晋(jin)文公以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辂(lu)之(zhi)服”,定四年(nian),“祝佗言先(xian)王(wang)(wang)分鲁(lu)、卫(wei)、晋(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”,注(zhu)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周礼,金路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)同姓(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)封,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赐(ci),故(gu)(gu)知皆金路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)。襄十九年(nian),“王(wang)(wang)赐(ci)郑子(zi)蟜(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”,二(er)(er)(er)十四年(nian),“王(wang)(wang)赐(ci)叔(shu)孙豹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”,二(er)(er)(er)注(zhu)皆云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),天(tian)子(zi)所赐(ci)车(che)之(zhi)总(zong)名”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周礼孤乘夏篆,卿乘夏缦。《释(shi)例》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所赐(ci)穆(mu)叔(shu)子(zi)蟜(jiao)(jiao)当是革、木(mu)(mu)二(er)(er)(er)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),故(gu)(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)赐(ci)车(che)之(zhi)总(zong)名。服虔云(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),木(mu)(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。”杜(du)不(bu)然者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)越席(xi)”,犹如“清庙(miao)茅屋(wu)”,清庙(miao)之(zhi)华,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)茅饰屋(wu),示(shi)俭;玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)美,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)越席(xi)示(shi)质。若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)是木(mu)(mu),则(ze)与越席(xi)各为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)物,岂清庙(miao)与茅屋(wu)又为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)别乎?故(gu)(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),於玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)而施越席(xi),是方可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)俭。故(gu)(gu)沈氏云(yun):“玉(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)虽(sui)文,亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)越席(xi)示(shi)俭。”而刘君横生(sheng)异义,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),妄规杜(du)氏,非也(ye)。

大羹不致,大羹,肉汁。不致五味。

[疏]注“大羹”至“五味”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):郊特(te)牲云:“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)不(bu)(bu)和(he)(he),贵其(qi)(qi)质也(ye)。”《仪礼(li)·士虞》、《特(te)牲》皆设(she)(she)大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)湆(qi),郑(zheng)玄云:“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)湆(qi),煮(zhu)肉(rou)汁也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)和(he)(he),贵其(qi)(qi)质,设(she)(she)之所(suo)以敬尸也(ye)。”是祭祀之礼(li)有大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)也(ye)。大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)者(zhe),大(da)(da)古(gu)初,食(shi)肉(rou)者(zhe)煮(zhu)之而已(yi),未(wei)有五(wu)(wu)味(wei)之齐(qi),祭神设(she)(she)之,所(suo)以敬而不(bu)(bu)忘本(ben)也(ye)。《记(ji)》言“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)不(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)”,故知不(bu)(bu)致者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)致五(wu)(wu)味(wei)。五(wu)(wu)味(wei),即《洪范(fan)》所(suo)云酸、苦(ku)、辛、咸、甘也(ye)。

粢食不凿,黍稷曰粢,不精凿。
  ○粢(zi)音咨(zi)。食音嗣,饼也。凿(zao),子洛反(fan),精米(mi)也;《字(zi)林》作,子沃反(fan),云:“粝米(mi),一斛舂为八(ba)斗。”

[疏]注“黍稷”至“精凿”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):《释草(cao)》云(yun)(yun)“粢(zi)(zi),稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。舍(she)人曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“粢(zi)(zi),一名(ming)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),粟(su)也(ye)(ye)”。郭璞云(yun)(yun):“今江东(dong)人呼(hu)粟(su)为(wei)粢(zi)(zi)。”《士虞记》云(yun)(yun)“明齐”,郑云(yun)(yun)“今文曰(yue)(yue)(yue)明粢(zi)(zi)。粢(zi)(zi),稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”然则粢(zi)(zi)是(shi)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)别名(ming)。但(dan)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)诸穀(gu)(gu)之(zhi)长,粢(zi)(zi)亦诸穀(gu)(gu)总名(ming)。《周礼(li)·小宗伯》“辨六(liu)粢(zi)(zi)之(zhi)名(ming)物”,郑玄云(yun)(yun):“六(liu)粢(zi)(zi),谓(wei)黍(shu)、稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、稻、粱、麦、菰。”是(shi)诸穀(gu)(gu)皆名(ming)粢(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。祭祀用穀(gu)(gu),黍(shu)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)多,故云(yun)(yun)黍(shu)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)粢(zi)(zi),饭谓(wei)之(zhi)食。传云(yun)(yun)“粢(zi)(zi)食不凿”,谓(wei)以黍(shu)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)饭,不使细(xi)也(ye)(ye)。《九章算术》:“粟(su)率五(wu)十,凿二(er)十四(si)。”言(yan)粟(su)五(wu)斗(dou)(dou)为(wei)米二(er)斗(dou)(dou)四(si)升,是(shi)则米之(zhi)精(jing)凿。

昭其俭也。此四者皆示俭。衮、冕、黻、珽,衮,画衣也。冕,冠也。黻,韦韠,以蔽膝也。珽,玉笏也。若今吏之持簿。
  ○衮,古本反(fan)。黻音弗,下同(tong)。珽,化顶(ding)反(fan)。韠(bi)音必。笏音忽。持簿(bu),步古反(fan);徐广云“持簿(bu),手版也”。

[疏]注“衮画”至“持簿”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):画(hua)衣(yi)(yi)(yi),谓(wei)画(hua)龙(long)(long)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)。祭服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)玄(xuan)(xuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)纁裳(shang),《诗称》玄(xuan)(xuan)衮(gun)(gun),是(shi)(shi)玄(xuan)(xuan)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衮(gun)(gun)龙(long)(long)。衮(gun)(gun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)龙(long)(long)首(shou)(shou)卷(juan)然(ran)(ran)。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“龙(long)(long)卷(juan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭。”知(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)龙(long)(long)首(shou)(shou)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尚书(shu)·益稷》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):予欲(yu)(yu)观古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),日、月(yue)、星(xing)辰、山(shan)、龙(long)(long)、华(hua)(hua)虫,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)会,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)、藻(zao)、火、粉(fen)米(mi)、黼、黻(fu)(fu),絺(chi)绣(xiu)(xiu)。”言(yan)观古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),谓(wei)观衣(yi)(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)所(suo)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),日月(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)黼黻(fu)(fu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)物,皆(jie)(jie)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。华(hua)(hua)蟲(chong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)言(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)会,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan)絺(chi)绣(xiu)(xiu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)虽在(zai)(zai)(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不同(tong)。《冬(dong)官(guan)·考(kao)工记(ji)(ji)》画(hua)缋(hui)与(yu)(yu)绣(xiu)(xiu)布(bu)采(cai)(cai)异次,知(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)画(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)裳(shang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)剌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)《礼(li)(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)及《诗》笺皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衣(yi)(yi)(yi)缋(hui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)裳(shang)绣(xiu)(xiu)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)衮(gun)(gun)是(shi)(shi)画(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)衮(gun)(gun),画(hua)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。衮(gun)(gun)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)章(zhang)(zhang)数(shu),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)注(zhu)(zhu)《司服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)虞(yu)氏十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)章(zhang)(zhang),自(zi)日月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia);至(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)日、月(yue)、星(xing)辰画(hua)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旌旗,又登龙(long)(long)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan),登火於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)。冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)九(jiu)章(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia),如郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)言(yan),九(jiu)章(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),龙(long)(long)一(yi),山(shan)二(er)(er)(er)(er),华(hua)(hua)蟲(chong)三(san)(san)(san)(san),火四(si),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi);藻(zao)六,粉(fen)米(mi)七(qi)(qi)(qi),黼八(ba),黻(fu)(fu)九(jiu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)裳(shang)。鷩(bi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),去龙(long)(long)去山(shan),自(zi)华(hua)(hua)蟲(chong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia),七(qi)(qi)(qi)章(zhang)(zhang),华(hua)(hua)蟲(chong)一(yi),火二(er)(er)(er)(er),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san),在(zai)(zai)(zai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi);馀(yu)四(si)章(zhang)(zhang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)裳(shang)。毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),去华(hua)(hua)蟲(chong)去火,五(wu)(wu)(wu)章(zhang)(zhang),自(zi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi),藻(zao)二(er)(er)(er)(er),粉(fen)米(mi)三(san)(san)(san)(san),在(zai)(zai)(zai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi);馀(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)章(zhang)(zhang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)裳(shang)。希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),去宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)去藻(zao),三(san)(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang),自(zi)粉(fen)米(mi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia),粉(fen)米(mi)一(yi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)衣(yi)(yi)(yi);馀(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)章(zhang)(zhang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)裳(shang)。玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)画(hua),裳(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)剌黻(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。杜昭二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)数(shu)九(jiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不取(qu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)彝(yi)(yi)(yi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)与(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冠者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)首(shou)(shou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)名(ming),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)冠中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)冠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世本》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”,宋仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),冠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)旒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。礼(li)(li)文(wen)(wen)(wen)残缺,形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难详。”《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》“弁师(shi)掌王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),皆(jie)(jie)玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)朱里(li)”,止言(yan)玄(xuan)(xuan)朱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi),不言(yan)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“麻(ma)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木为(wei)(wei)(wei)幹,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)布(bu)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)玄(xuan)(xuan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)朱,取(qu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)短(duan)广(guang)(guang)(guang)狭,则(ze)(ze)(ze)经传(chuan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。阮谌《三(san)(san)(san)(san)礼(li)(li)图·汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)礼(li)(li)器制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)尺(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun),广(guang)(guang)(guang)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)同(tong)。”沈引(yin)董(dong)巴(ba)《舆服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)广(guang)(guang)(guang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)尺(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)。应劭《汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)官(guan)仪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“广(guang)(guang)(guang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)”。沈又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)广(guang)(guang)(guang)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)尺(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian);广(guang)(guang)(guang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)尺(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian);广(guang)(guang)(guang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。但古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)礼(li)(li)残缺,未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)孰是(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)备载焉(yan)。司马彪《汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)书(shu)·舆服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“孝明(ming)(ming)帝(di)(di)永(yong)平二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian),初诏有(you)司采(cai)(cai)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)》、《礼(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)》、《尚书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),皆(jie)(jie)前(qian)(qian)圆后(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang),朱里(li),玄(xuan)(xuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang),前(qian)(qian)垂(chui)四(si)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),后(hou)(hou)(hou)垂(chui)三(san)(san)(san)(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)旒,三(san)(san)(san)(san)公、诸(zhu)侯(hou)青玉(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)七(qi)(qi)(qi)旒,卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)黑玉(yu)(yu)(yu)珠(zhu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)旒,皆(jie)(jie)有(you)前(qian)(qian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)”。此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)法(fa)耳(er)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)礼(li)(li),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)注(zhu)(zhu)弁师(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)衮(gun)(gun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)采(cai)(cai)缫(sao),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)斿(you)(you)(you),斿(you)(you)(you)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)采(cai)(cai),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),鷩(bi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)斿(you)(you)(you),毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)七(qi)(qi)(qi)斿(you)(you)(you),希冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)斿(you)(you)(you),玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)斿(you)(you)(you),斿(you)(you)(you)皆(jie)(jie)五(wu)(wu)(wu)采(cai)(cai),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er);上(shang)(shang)(shang)公衮(gun)(gun)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)缫(sao),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)斿(you)(you)(you),斿(you)(you)(you)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)九(jiu)。侯(hou)伯鷩(bi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)缫(sao),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)七(qi)(qi)(qi)斿(you)(you)(you),斿(you)(you)(you)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)七(qi)(qi)(qi);子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男毳(cui)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)缫(sao),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)斿(you)(you)(you),斿(you)(you)(you)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)采(cai)(cai),玉(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu);孤(gu)卿(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),皆(jie)(jie)二(er)(er)(er)(er)采(cai)(cai)缫(sao),二(er)(er)(er)(er)采(cai)(cai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)斿(you)(you)(you)及玉(yu)(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)依(yi)命数(shu)耳(er)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),俛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)高前(qian)(qian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),有(you)俛俯(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)因(yin)名(ming)焉(yan)。盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)位者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),失於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)骄矜(jin),欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)位弥(mi)高而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)志(zhi)弥(mi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),令(ling)贵(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)(xia)(xia)贱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黻(fu)(fu)韠(bi)(bi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)名(ming)异。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)《诗》笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“芾,大(da)(da)(da)(da)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芾,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黻(fu)(fu),韦(wei)韠(bi)(bi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赤(chi)芾在(zai)(zai)(zai)股”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)芾是(shi)(shi)当股之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)《易纬·乾凿度》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)田(tian)渔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi),因(yin)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皮(pi)(pi),先知(zhi)(zhi)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)前(qian)(qian),后(hou)(hou)(hou)知(zhi)(zhi)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)王(wang)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)布(bu)帛(bo),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)独存(cun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)前(qian)(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),重古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)道而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不忘本也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)说(shuo)黻(fu)(fu)韠(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元由也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易·下(xia)(xia)(xia)系辞》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“包牺(xi)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)网罟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)佃(dian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)渔”。则(ze)(ze)(ze)田(tian)渔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi),伏牺(xi)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)运》说(shuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先王(wang)食(shi)鸟(niao)兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉,衣(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)羽皮(pi)(pi)”,是(shi)(shi)“田(tian)渔而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食(shi),因(yin)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皮(pi)(pi)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)圣有(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)麻(ma)丝,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)布(bu)帛(bo)”,《易·系辞》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)尧舜(shun)垂(chui)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)裳(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)治”,然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)布(bu)帛(bo)自(zi)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。垂(chui)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)裳(shang),服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)布(bu)帛(bo),初必始(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)存(cun)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)自(zi)何(he)代也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·明(ming)(ming)堂位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)虞(yu)氏服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)韨(fu)(fu)(fu)。”言(yan)舜(shun)始(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)韨(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),尊(zun)祭服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)异其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)耳(er),未(wei)必此(ci)时(shi)始(shi)存(cun)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黻(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《易》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“朱绂(fu)方(fang)(fang)来,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)享祀。”知(zhi)(zhi)他服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《士冠礼(li)(li)》“士服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皮(pi)(pi)弁、玄(xuan)(xuan)端(duan)(duan),皆(jie)(jie)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)韠(bi)(bi)”。是(shi)(shi)他服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主,非冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)他。此(ci)欲(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)两(liang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)相形(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)黻(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)韦(wei)韠(bi)(bi)。黻(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi),祭服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)他服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异名(ming)耳(er),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)同(tong)。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》说(shuo)玄(xuan)(xuan)端(duan)(duan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“韠(bi)(bi),君(jun)朱,大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)素(su),士爵韦(wei)。”发首(shou)(shou)言(yan)韠(bi)(bi),句末言(yan)韦(wei),明(ming)(ming)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡韠(bi)(bi),皆(jie)(jie)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裳(shang)色,言(yan)君(jun)朱,大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)素(su),则(ze)(ze)(ze)尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi),直色别而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi),无(wu)(wu)(wu)他饰(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)黻(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)焉(yan),《明(ming)(ming)堂位》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)虞(yu)氏服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)黻(fu)(fu),夏后(hou)(hou)(hou)氏山(shan),殷火,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龙(long)(long)章(zhang)(zhang)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“韨(fu)(fu)(fu),冕(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韠(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),舜(shun)始(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)祭服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。禹汤至(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),增以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)画(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)王(wang)弥(mi)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)山(shan),取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仁可仰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);火,取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);龙(long)(long),取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)变化也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)备焉(yan),诸(zhu)侯(hou)火,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)山(shan),士韎(mei)韦(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。”是(shi)(shi)说(shuo)黻(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“韠(bi)(bi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)广(guang)(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)广(guang)(guang)(guang)一(yi)尺(chi),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)颈五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun),肩革带博二(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“颈五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)亦谓(wei)广(guang)(guang)(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),颈中央,肩两(liang)角(jiao),皆(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)接(jie)革带以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),肩与(yu)(yu)革带广(guang)(guang)(guang)同(tong)。”是(shi)(shi)说(shuo)韠(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。记(ji)(ji)传(chuan)更无(wu)(wu)(wu)黻(fu)(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)韠(bi)(bi)义(yi),明(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)韠(bi)(bi)同(tong)。经传(chuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)黻(fu)(fu),或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)韨(fu)(fu)(fu)或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)芾,音义(yi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。徐(xu)广(guang)(guang)(guang)《车服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)仪制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)韨(fu)(fu)(fu),如今蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi)。战国连兵(bing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韨(fu)(fu)(fu)非兵(bing)饰(shi)(shi)(shi),去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)明(ming)(ming)帝(di)(di)复制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韨(fu)(fu)(fu),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)赤(chi)皮(pi)(pi)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi)。蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi),古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)韨(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)世蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)膝(xi)(xi)(xi),犹(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)赤(chi)皮(pi)(pi),魏(wei)晋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)绛纱为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)今异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丝,故(gu)(gu)字或有(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)绂(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“珽,玉(yu)(yu)(yu)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《管子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)执(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝日”,是(shi)(shi)有(you)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡有(you)指(zhi)画(hua)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)笏(hu)(hu)(hu),造受命於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)前(qian)(qian),则(ze)(ze)(ze)书(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)。”《释(shi)名(ming)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“笏(hu)(hu)(hu),忽(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)有(you)命则(ze)(ze)(ze)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),备忽(hu)忘也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”或曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)簿(bu)疏物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。徐(xu)广(guang)(guang)(guang)《车服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)仪制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)贵(gui)贱皆(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)笏(hu)(hu)(hu),即今手(shou)板(ban)(ban)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)笏(hu)(hu)(hu)与(yu)(yu)簿(bu),手(shou)板(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异名(ming)耳(er)。《蜀(shu)志(zhi)》称秦宓见大(da)(da)(da)(da)守以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)簿(bu)击颊,则(ze)(ze)(ze)汉(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)魏(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来皆(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)板(ban)(ban),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今吏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)簿(bu)”。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“笏(hu)(hu)(hu),毕(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),因(yin)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)焉(yan)”,言(yan)贵(gui)贱尽皆(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)笏(hu)(hu)(hu),因(yin)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“笏(hu)(hu)(hu),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)球(qiu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鱼须(xu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)竹,上(shang)(shang)(shang)竹本象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“球(qiu),美(mei)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)犹(you)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士饰(shi)(shi)(shi)竹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)笏(hu)(hu)(hu),不敢与(yu)(yu)君(jun)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)纯物,是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)与(yu)(yu)士笏(hu)(hu)(hu)俱用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹,大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鱼须(xu)饰(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)骨为(wei)(wei)(wei)饰(shi)(shi)(shi),不敢纯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)物,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)人君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物既殊,体制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦异。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)搢珽方(fang)(fang)正(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)荼,前(qian)(qian)诎(qu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)直,让(rang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)前(qian)(qian)诎(qu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)诎(qu),无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)不让(rang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珽,珽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)珽然(ran)(ran)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)屈,前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。荼谓(wei)舒懦(nuo),所(suo)畏在(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。圜杀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)首(shou)(shou),屈於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)己君(jun),故(gu)(gu)首(shou)(shou)末皆(jie)(jie)圜,前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)让(rang),是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)与(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)又异。珽一(yi)名(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)圭,《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)·典(dian)瑞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)晋大(da)(da)(da)(da)圭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝日”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冬(dong)官(guan)·考(kao)工记(ji)(ji)》“大(da)(da)(da)(da)圭长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)珽长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“笏(hu)(hu)(hu)度二(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)有(you)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)”,短(duan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。盖诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),度分皆(jie)(jie)然(ran)(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

带、裳、幅、舄,带,革带也。衣下曰裳。幅,若今行縢者。舄,复履。
  ○幅音(yin)(yin)逼。舄音(yin)(yin)昔。縢,徒登反(fan)。複音(yin)(yin)福。

[疏]注“带革”至“複履”。
  ○正义曰(yue):下(xia)有(you)鞶(pan)是(shi)绅带,知(zhi)此带为革(ge)(ge)带。《玉藻》“革(ge)(ge)带博(bo)二寸”,郑(zheng)云(yun):“凡佩(pei)系于革(ge)(ge)带。”《白(bai)(bai)虎通(tong)》云(yun):“男子有(you)鞶(pan)革(ge)(ge)者(zhe)(zhe),示有(you)金(jin)革(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。”然则示有(you)革(ge)(ge)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)用革(ge)(ge)为带,带为佩(pei)也(ye)(ye)。昭(zhao)十二年传云(yun)“裳下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)也(ye)(ye)”。经传通(tong)例(li),皆(jie)(jie)上衣(yi)(yi)下(xia)裳,故(gu)云(yun)衣(yi)(yi)下(xia)曰(yue)裳。幅(fu)与行(xing)縢(teng)(teng),今(jin)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)名,故(gu)云(yun)若今(jin)行(xing)縢(teng)(teng)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)“邪(xie)幅(fu)在下(xia)”,毛传曰(yue):“幅(fu),偪(bi)也(ye)(ye)。所以自(zi)偪(bi)束(shu)也(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)笺云(yun):“邪(xie)幅(fu)如今(jin)行(xing)縢(teng)(teng)也(ye)(ye),偪(bi)束(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)胫(jing),自(zi)足(zu)至(zhi)膝(xi)。”縢(teng)(teng)训缄(jian)也(ye)(ye),然则行(xing)而(er)缄(jian)足(zu),故(gu)名行(xing)縢(teng)(teng);邪(xie)缠束(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)名邪(xie)幅(fu)。舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe),屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小别。郑(zheng)玄《周(zhou)礼·屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)人》注云(yun):“複(fu)下(xia)曰(yue)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),襌(dan)下(xia)曰(yue)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。”然则舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),下(xia)有(you)禅、複(fu)为异(yi)。履(lv)(lv)是(shi)总名,故(gu)云(yun)“舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),複(fu)履(lv)(lv)”。谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)複(fu)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄又云(yun):“天子诸(zhu)侯吉事(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”赤(chi)(chi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe),冕(mian)(mian)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。白(bai)(bai)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe),皮(pi)弁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe),玄端之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)士皆(jie)(jie)著屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。纁屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe),爵(jue)弁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。白(bai)(bai)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe),皮(pi)弁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe),玄端之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿大夫(fu)服冕(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe),亦赤(chi)(chi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),馀服则屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)王后(hou),袆(hui)衣(yi)(yi)玄舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),褕狄青舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),阙狄赤(chi)(chi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),鞠(ju)衣(yi)(yi)黄屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),展衣(yi)(yi)白(bai)(bai)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),褖衣(yi)(yi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)诸(zhu)侯夫(fu)人及卿大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)合衣(yi)(yi)狄者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀皆(jie)(jie)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi),用对方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,赤(chi)(chi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)饰(shi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)用比(bi)方(fang)(fang),白(bai)(bai)屦(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)饰(shi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

衡、紞、纮、綖,衡,维持冠者。紞,冠之垂者。纮,缨从下而上者。綖,冠上覆。
  ○紞,多敢反,《字(zi)林》丁坎反。纮,获耕反。綖音延(yan),《字(zi)林》弋善反。上(shang),时掌反,下“上(shang)下”同。

[疏]注“衡维”至“上覆”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此四物者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)·追(zhui)师》“掌王(wang)后之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)(shou)服(fu),追(zhui)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)笄”。郑(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun):“衡(heng)(heng)(heng),维持冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun):“祭服(fu)有(you)(you)衡(heng)(heng)(heng),垂(chui)于(yu)副之(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)旁(pang)(pang)当耳,其下(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)紞(dan)县瑱。”彼妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)首(shou)(shou)服(fu)有(you)(you)衡(heng)(heng)(heng),则(ze)男子(zi)首(shou)(shou)服(fu)亦然,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得支立(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“维持冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。追(zhui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),治(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)名。王(wang)后之(zhi)(zhi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)为之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)追(zhui)师掌焉。《弁(bian)师》“掌王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)”,弁(bian)及冕(mian)(mian)皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu)笄,则(ze)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)亦用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玉(yu)(yu),其诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)未闻(wen)。紞(dan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),县瑱之(zhi)(zhi)绳,垂(chui)於冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)旁(pang)(pang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。《鲁(lu)语(yu)(yu)》敬姜曰“王(wang)后亲织(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)紞(dan)”,则(ze)紞(dan)必(bi)织(zhi)(zhi)线为之(zhi)(zhi),若今之(zhi)(zhi)绦(tao)绳。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)《诗》笺云(yun)(yun)充耳“谓所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)县瑱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或名为紞(dan)织(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。君五(wu)色(se)(se),臣则(ze)三(san)色(se)(se)”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。绦(tao)必(bi)杂色(se)(se),而(er)《鲁(lu)语(yu)(yu)》独言(yan)玄(xuan)(xuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)天(tian)色(se)(se),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)特言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)谓纯玄(xuan)(xuan)色(se)(se)也(ye)(ye)。纮(hong)(hong)缨(ying)(ying)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)组为之(zhi)(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)结(jie)(jie)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)於人(ren)(ren)(ren)首(shou)(shou)也(ye)(ye)。缨(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)两(liang)组,属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)於两(liang)旁(pang)(pang),结(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)於颔下(xia),垂(chui)其馀(yu)也(ye)(ye)。纮(hong)(hong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)组,从下(xia)屈(qu)而(er)上(shang)(shang),属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)於两(liang)旁(pang)(pang),垂(chui)其馀(yu)也(ye)(ye)。纮(hong)(hong)缨(ying)(ying)同类,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)相形,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“纮(hong)(hong),缨(ying)(ying)从下(xia)而(er)上(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。《弁(bian)师》“掌王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)”,皆(jie)玉(yu)(yu)笄朱(zhu)纮(hong)(hong)。《祭义(yi)》称(cheng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)冕(mian)(mian)而(er)青纮(hong)(hong),《士(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)》称(cheng)缁布冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)青组缨(ying)(ying),皮弁(bian)笄、爵弁(bian)笄缁组纮(hong)(hong)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun),有(you)(you)笄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),屈(qu)组为纮(hong)(hong),垂(chui)为饰(shi)(shi)。无(wu)笄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),缨(ying)(ying)而(er)结(jie)(jie)其绦(tao)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其有(you)(you)笄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)纮(hong)(hong)力(li)少,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)从下(xia)而(er)上(shang)(shang)属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi);无(wu)笄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)缨(ying)(ying)力(li)多(duo),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)从上(shang)(shang)而(er)下(xia)结(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。冕(mian)(mian)弁(bian)皆(jie)有(you)(you)笄,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)纮(hong)(hong);缁布冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)无(wu)笄,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)缨(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)。《鲁(lu)语(yu)(yu)》称(cheng)公侯(hou)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)织(zhi)(zhi)纮(hong)(hong)綖,知纮(hong)(hong)亦织(zhi)(zhi)而(er)为之(zhi)(zhi)。《士(shi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)礼(li)》言(yan)组缨(ying)(ying)、组纮(hong)(hong),知天(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)纮(hong)(hong)亦用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)组也(ye)(ye)。綖,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)覆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),冕(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)为幹(gan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)布衣其上(shang)(shang),谓之(zhi)(zhi)綖。《论语(yu)(yu)》、《商书(shu)》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)麻冕(mian)(mian),知其当用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)布也(ye)(ye)。《弁(bian)师》“掌王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)冕(mian)(mian)”皆(jie)玄(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian),知其色(se)(se)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)玄(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)(ye)。孔安国《论语(yu)(yu)》注(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)“绩麻三(san)十升布以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为冕(mian)(mian)”,即是(shi)綖也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)《玉(yu)(yu)藻》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“延,冕(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)覆也(ye)(ye)”,此云(yun)(yun)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)覆者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、冕(mian)(mian)通名,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此注(zhu)(zhu)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)及綖皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),其实悉(xi)冕(mian)(mian)冕(mian)(mian)饰(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

昭其(qi)度(du)也。尊卑(bei)各有制(zhi)度(du)。

[疏]注“尊卑各有制度”。
  ○正义曰:此上(shang)(shang)(shang)十二物者,皆是(shi)明其制(zhi)度(du)(du),哀(ai)伯(bo)(bo)思及,则(ze)言无(wu)(wu)次第也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄《觐礼》注(zhu)云,上(shang)(shang)(shang)公衮无(wu)(wu)升(sheng)龙,“天子有(you)(you)(you)升(sheng)龙,有(you)(you)(you)降龙”,是(shi)衮有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冕则(ze)公自衮以下(xia),侯伯(bo)(bo)自鷩(bi)以下(xia),是(shi)冕有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黻则(ze)诸侯火以下(xia),卿大夫山(shan),是(shi)黻有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。珽则(ze)玉象不同(tong),长(zhang)短亦异,是(shi)珽有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。衮冕、鷩(bi)冕,裳四章(zhang);毳(cui)冕、希(xi)冕、裳二章(zhang),是(shi)裳有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄《屦人(ren)》注(zhu)云:王吉服,舄(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)等(deng),赤舄(xi)(xi)(xi)为上(shang)(shang)(shang),冕服之舄(xi)(xi)(xi),下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)白舄(xi)(xi)(xi)、黑舄(xi)(xi)(xi)。王治祭(ji)服,舄(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)等(deng),玄舄(xi)(xi)(xi)为上(shang)(shang)(shang),祎衣之舄(xi)(xi)(xi),下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)青舄(xi)(xi)(xi)、赤舄(xi)(xi)(xi),是(shi)舄(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。紞则(ze)人(ren)君五(wu)色,臣则(ze)三(san)色,是(shi)紞有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天子朱纮,诸侯青纮,是(shi)纮有(you)(you)(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其带、幅、衡、綖则(ze)无(wu)(wu)以言之。传言昭其度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),明其尊卑(bei)各有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)度(du)(du)。

藻、率、鞞、鞛,藻、率,以韦为之,所以藉玉也。王五采,公、侯、伯三采,子、男二采。鞞,佩刀削上饰。鞛,下饰。
  ○率音(yin)律。鞞(bing),补顶反。鞛,布孔反。鞞(bing)、鞛,刀(dao)削之饰。藉(jie),在(zai)夜反。削音(yin)笑。

[疏]注(zhu)“藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)”至“下(xia)饰(shi)”。正义曰:郑(zheng)玄(xuan)《觐(jin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)云(yun):“缫(sao)(sao)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)(wei)衣木(mu),广袤(mao)各如其(qi)(qi)(qi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小。”《典瑞(rui)》注(zhu)云(yun):“缫(sao)(sao)有(you)五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)文,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)荐玉(yu)(yu)(yu),木(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中干,用韦(wei)(wei)衣而画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”此言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),指木(mu)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韦(wei)(wei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)实木(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)干也(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)“缫(sao)(sao)”皆有(you)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)共文。《大(da)(da)行人》谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“缫(sao)(sao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)”,《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》单(dan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“藉(jie)(jie)(jie)”,故(gu)知所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)。《大(da)(da)行人》云(yun):公“执(zhi)桓圭(gui)九(jiu)寸,缫(sao)(sao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)九(jiu)寸”。知大(da)(da)小各如其(qi)(qi)(qi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)。《大(da)(da)行人》注(zhu)云(yun):“缫(sao)(sao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)韦(wei)(wei)衣板,若奠玉(yu)(yu)(yu),则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是由(you)有(you)奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,须有(you)缫(sao)(sao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)玉(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)小大(da)(da)如玉(yu)(yu)(yu)耳。《典瑞(rui)职》曰:“王执(zhi)镇圭(gui),缫(sao)(sao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)五(wu)就,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)日。公执(zhi)桓圭(gui),侯执(zhi)信(xin)圭(gui),伯执(zhi)躬圭(gui),缫(sao)(sao)皆三采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)三就。子(zi)执(zhi)穀璧(bi),男执(zhi)蒲璧(bi),缫(sao)(sao)皆二(er)(er)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)再(zai)就,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)觐(jin)宗(zong)遇(yu)会同于王。”是王五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),公侯伯三采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),子(zi)男二(er)(er)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)也(ye)。凡言(yan)五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)者,皆谓(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)、黄、朱、白、苍(cang)。三采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),朱、白、苍(cang)。二(er)(er)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),朱、绿(lv)。就,成也(ye)。五(wu)就,谓(wei)(wei)五(wu)匝(za)。每一(yi)匝(za)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)就也(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)文虽(sui)多,《典瑞(rui)》、《大(da)(da)行人》、《聘礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《觐(jin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》皆单(dan)言(yan)缫(sao)(sao),或云(yun)缫(sao)(sao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie),未有(you)言(yan)缫(sao)(sao)率(lv)(lv)者。故(gu)服虔以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)画藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),率(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)刷巾(jin)。杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)物者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)拭物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巾(jin)无(wu)名(ming)(ming)率(lv)(lv)者,服言(yan)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》有(you)刷巾(jin),事无(wu)所(suo)出,且哀伯谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昭数,固应(ying)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者,宁(ning)当(dang)举拭物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巾(jin)与藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)类?故(gu)知藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)正是藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)複名(ming)(ming)。藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)藉(jie)(jie)(jie),何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)也(ye)?《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)》说(shuo)带之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,曰“士练带,率(lv)(lv)下(xia)辟。凡带有(you)率(lv)(lv)无(wu)箴功(gong)”。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)云(yun)“上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆襌,不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)而率(lv)(lv)积。如今作幧头为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”。然则襌而不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)缕,率(lv)(lv)其(qi)(qi)(qi)边谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)率(lv)(lv),此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦(wei)(wei)衣木(mu),盖亦繂积其(qi)(qi)(qi)边,故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)率(lv)(lv)也(ye)。郑(zheng)司农(nong)《典瑞(rui)》注(zhu)读缫(sao)(sao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),似(si)亦藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)率(lv)(lv)共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)也(ye)。《诗》曰:“鞞(bing)(bing)琫(beng)容刀(dao)”,故(gu)知鞞(bing)(bing)鞛(beng),佩刀(dao)削之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)也(ye)。《少仪》云(yun):“刀(dao)授颖,削授柎。”削是刀(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,故(gu)与刀(dao)连言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。鞞(bing)(bing)鞛(beng)二(er)(er)名(ming)(ming),明(ming)饰(shi)有(you)上(shang)下(xia),先鞞(bing)(bing)后鞛(beng),故(gu)知鞞(bing)(bing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)饰(shi),鞛(beng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)饰(shi)。刘君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《毛诗传》下(xia)曰鞞(bing)(bing),上(shang)曰琫(beng),而规杜(du)氏(shi),但鞞(bing)(bing)鞛(beng)或上(shang)或下(xia),俱是无(wu)正文,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)规杜(du)过也(ye)。

鞶、厉、游、缨,鞶,绅带也,一名大带。厉,大带之垂者。游,旌旗之游。缨,在马膺前,如索裙。
  ○鞶,步干反。游音留,注同。膺(ying),於(wu)陵(ling)反。索,悉各反。

[疏]注“鞶绅”至“索裙”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《易·讼卦·上九(jiu)》“或锡(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鞶(pan)(pan)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”,知鞶(pan)(pan)即带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也(ye)。以(yi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)束要,垂(chui)(chui)(chui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀以(yi)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)(shi),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绅(shen)(shen)。上带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)为(wei)(wei)革(ge)(ge)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),故(gu)云(yun)“鞶(pan)(pan),绅(shen)(shen)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”,所以(yi)别(bie)(bie)上带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也(ye)。《玉藻》说(shuo)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),云(yun)“大夫大带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”,是(shi)一名(ming)(ming)大带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也(ye)。《诗毛传》云(yun):“厉,带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)。”故(gu)用毛说(shuo)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)“厉,大带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)。大带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe),名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)绅(shen)(shen),而复名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)厉者(zhe)(zhe),绅(shen)(shen)是(shi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),厉是(shi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌。《诗》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“垂(chui)(chui)(chui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)而厉”,是(shi)厉为(wei)(wei)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)貌也(ye)。《玉藻》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“天子素带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)朱里,终辟”,诸侯(hou)(hou)素带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)朱里,大夫玄华辟。垂(chui)(chui)(chui)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)皆(jie)(jie)博(bo)四寸,士(shi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)博(bo)二(er)寸,再(zai)缭四寸,缁辟下垂(chui)(chui)(chui)。贾、服等说(shuo)鞶(pan)(pan)、厉皆(jie)(jie)与(yu)杜(du)同,唯郑玄独(du)异(yi)。《礼记·内则(ze)》注(zhu),以(yi)鞶(pan)(pan)为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)囊(nang),读厉如裂(lie)繻(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裂(lie),言(yan)(yan)鞶(pan)(pan)囊(nang)必(bi)裂(lie)缯缘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)(shi)。案(an)《礼记》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“男鞶(pan)(pan)革(ge)(ge),女鞶(pan)(pan)丝(si)(si)”,鞶(pan)(pan)是(shi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),遂以(yi)鞶(pan)(pan)为(wei)(wei)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming),言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)革(ge)(ge)、带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)丝(si)(si)耳(er),鞶(pan)(pan)非囊(nang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号也(ye)。《礼记》又云(yun)“妇事舅姑施(shi)縏帙”,帙是(shi)囊(nang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)名(ming)(ming),今(jin)人谓里书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物为(wei)(wei)帙,言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)施(shi)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、施(shi)囊(nang)耳(er),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)縏亦(yi)非囊(nang)也(ye)。若以(yi)縏为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)囊(nang),则(ze)帙是(shi)何器?若帙亦(yi)是(shi)囊(nang),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)应带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)二(er)囊(nang)矣。以(yi)此(ci)知鞶(pan)(pan)即是(shi)绅(shen)(shen)带(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)为(wei)(wei)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实。游是(shi)旐(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)(chui)(chui)者(zhe)(zhe),旆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)名(ming)(ming)。九(jiu)旗虽各有(you)名(ming)(ming),而旌(jing)旗为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总号,故(gu)云(yun)旌(jing)旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游也(ye)。案(an)《巾(jin)车(che)》“王建大常,十有(you)二(er)旒(liu)(liu)”,又《大行人》云(yun):上公九(jiu)旒(liu)(liu),侯(hou)(hou)伯七旒(liu)(liu),子男五(wu)旒(liu)(liu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孤卿建<巾(jin)亶>,大夫士(shi)建物,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)斿各如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命数。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鸟旟则(ze)七旒(liu)(liu),熊旗则(ze)六旒(liu)(liu),龟旐(zhao)则(ze)四旒(liu)(liu)。故(gu)《考(kao)工记》云(yun):“鸟旟七旒(liu)(liu),以(yi)象鹑(chun)火(huo)。熊旗六旒(liu)(liu),以(yi)象伐(fa)。龟旐(zhao)四旒(liu)(liu),以(yi)象营室(shi)。”是(shi)也(ye)。郑司(si)农《巾(jin)车(che)》注(zhu)云(yun):“礼家说(shuo)曰(yue),缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)当胸,以(yi)削革(ge)(ge)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”郑玄云(yun):“缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),今(jin)马鞅(yang)。”是(shi)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),在马膺前也(ye)。服虔(qian)云(yun):“缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)如索裙,今(jin)乘舆大驾(jia)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”然则(ze)汉魏以(yi)来(lai),大驾(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)马膺有(you)索裙,是(shi)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗象,故(gu)云(yun):“如索裙也(ye)”。案(an)《巾(jin)车(che)》“玉路(lu)(lu)(lu)樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),十有(you)再(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)”,郑玄注(zhu)云(yun):“樊(fan)(fan)及(ji)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)五(wu)采罽饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”“金路(lu)(lu)(lu)樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)九(jiu)就(jiu)(jiu),象路(lu)(lu)(lu)樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)七就(jiu)(jiu),革(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu)绦缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)五(wu)就(jiu)(jiu)”,郑玄云(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樊(fan)(fan)及(ji)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),以(yi)绦丝(si)(si)饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”“木路(lu)(lu)(lu)翦(jian)樊(fan)(fan)鹄缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)”,郑玄云(yun):“以(yi)浅黑饰(shi)(shi)韦为(wei)(wei)樊(fan)(fan),鹄色饰(shi)(shi)韦为(wei)(wei)缨(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)就(jiu)(jiu)数,饰(shi)(shi)与(yu)革(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu)同。

昭其数(shu)也(ye)。尊卑各(ge)有数(shu)。

[疏]注“尊卑各有数”。
  ○正义曰:藻有五(wu)采、三采之(zhi)异,是(shi)(shi)(shi)藻率有数(shu)也。《毛诗(shi)传》说“容刀”之(zhi)饰,云(yun)“天(tian)子玉(yu)琫(beng)而(er)珧珌,诸侯璗琫(beng)而(er)璆(qiu)珌”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞞鞛有数(shu)也。《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)“绅长制,士(shi)三尺,有司(si)二(er)尺有五(wu)寸(cun)(cun)”,又大夫以上带(dai)广四寸(cun)(cun),士(shi)广二(er)寸(cun)(cun),是(shi)(shi)(shi)鞶厉有数(shu)也。玉(yu)路十(shi)二(er)旒,金(jin)路九旒,是(shi)(shi)(shi)游(you)有数(shu)也。玉(yu)路缨(ying)(ying)十(shi)有二(er)就,金(jin)路缨(ying)(ying)九就,是(shi)(shi)(shi)缨(ying)(ying)有数(shu)也。数(shu)之(zhi)与度,大同小异。度谓限(xian)制,数(shu)谓多少,言其尊卑有节数(shu)也。

火、龙、黼、黻,火,画火也。龙,画龙也。白与黑谓之黼,形若斧。黑与青谓之黻,两已相戾。
  ○黼音甫。戾,力计反。

[疏]注“火画”至“相戾”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《考工(gong)记》记画(hua)缋之(zhi)事云“火(huo)以(yi)圜”,郑司农云:“为圜形(xing)似火(huo)也(ye)。”郑玄云:“形(xing)如半环(huan)然(ran)。”又曰(yue)“水(shui)(shui)以(yi)龙(long)”,郑玄云:“龙(long),水(shui)(shui)物。”画(hua)水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)并画(hua)龙(long),是(shi)衣有画(hua)火(huo)画(hua)龙(long)也(ye)。“白与黑(hei)谓之(zhi)黼,黑(hei)与青谓之(zhi)黻(fu)”,《考工(gong)记》文(wen)也(ye)。其(qi)言形(xing)若(ruo)斧(fu)(fu),两(liang)(liang)已相(xiang)戾,相(xiang)传(chuan)(chuan)为说。孔安(an)国(guo)《虞书传(chuan)(chuan)》亦云:黼若(ruo)斧(fu)(fu)形(xing)、黻(fu)为两(liang)(liang)已相(xiang)背(bei)。是(shi)其(qi)旧(jiu)说然(ran)也(ye)。周世衮冕九章,传(chuan)(chuan)唯(wei)言火(huo)、龙(long)、黼、黻(fu)四章者(zhe),略以(yi)明义,故文(wen)不具举。衣之(zhi)所(suo)画(hua)龙(long)先於(wu)火(huo),今火(huo)先於(wu)龙(long),知(zhi)其(qi)言不以(yi)次也(ye)。

昭其文也。以文章明贵贱。五色比象,昭其物也。车服器械之有五色,皆以比象天地四方,以示器物不虚设。
  ○比,并是反。械,户戒反。

[疏]注“车服”至“虚设”。
  ○正义曰:《考(kao)工记》云(yun)(yun):昼缋之(zhi)事杂五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),东(dong)青,南(nan)赤(chi),西白,北黑,天玄(xuan),地黄。是其(qi)比象天地四方也。比象有六(liu)而(er)言五(wu)(wu)者,玄(xuan)在赤(chi)黑之(zhi)间,非别(bie)色(se)(se)也。昭(zhao)二十五(wu)(wu)年传云(yun)(yun)“九文、六(liu)采”,言采色(se)(se)有六(liu),故(gu)注以(yi)天地四方六(liu)事当(dang)之(zhi)。五(wu)(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)色(se)(se)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),加天色(se)(se)则为(wei)六(liu),故(gu)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)六(liu)采互相见(jian)也。昭(zhao)其(qi)物者,以(yi)示物不虚设,必有所象,其(qi)物皆象五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),故(gu)以(yi)五(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)明之(zhi)。

钖、鸾、和、铃,昭其声也。钖,在马额。鸾,在镳。和,在衡。铃,在旂。动皆有鸣声。
  ○钖音(yin)杨(yang),马面当(dang)卢。铃音(yin)令。额,颜客反(fan)(fan)。镳(biao),彼骄反(fan)(fan)。旂(qi),勤(qin)衣反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]注“钖在”至“鸣声”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):郑玄《巾车》注云(yun)(yun):“钖,马(ma)面当卢,刻(ke)金(jin)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),所谓镂钖也(ye)。”《诗》笺云(yun)(yun):“眉上曰(yue)(yue)(yue)钖,刻(ke)金(jin)饰之(zhi)(zhi),今当卢也(ye)”。然则(ze)钖在眉上,故云(yun)(yun)在马(ma)额也(ye)。《诗》称“輶车鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)镳(biao)(biao)(biao)”,知(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在镳(biao)(biao)(biao)也(ye),镳(biao)(biao)(biao)在马(ma)口两(liang)(liang)旁,衡(heng)在服马(ma)颈上,鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)和亦铃(ling)也(ye)。以处异(yi)(yi),故异(yi)(yi)名耳。《尔雅·释天(tian)》说旌旗“有(you)铃(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)旂(qi)(qi)”,李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“以铃(ling)置(zhi)旐端(duan)。”是铃(ling)在旂(qi)(qi)也(ye)。钖在马(ma)额,铃(ling)在旂(qi)(qi),先(xian)儒更无(wu)异(yi)(yi)说。其鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)和所在,则(ze)旧说不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。《毛诗传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“在轼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)和,在镳(biao)(biao)(biao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)。”《韩诗内(nei)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng),和在轼前(qian)。”郑玄《经解》注取《韩诗》为(wei)说。《秦诗》笺云(yun)(yun):“置(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)於(wu)镳(biao)(biao)(biao),异(yi)(yi)於(wu)乘车也(ye)。”其意(yi)言乘车之(zhi)(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在衡(heng),田(tian)车之(zhi)(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在镳(biao)(biao)(biao)。及《商颂(song)·烈祖》之(zhi)(zhi)笺又(you)云(yun)(yun)“鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)在镳(biao)(biao)(biao)”,是疑不(bu)(bu)能定,故两(liang)(liang)从之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。案《考工(gong)记(ji)》“轮崇(chong),车广,衡(heng)长,参如一”,则(ze)衡(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)所容唯两(liang)(liang)服马(ma)耳。诗辞每言八(ba)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan),当谓马(ma)有(you)二(er)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)。鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)若(ruo)在衡(heng),衡(heng)唯两(liang)(liang)马(ma),安(an)得(de)置(zhi)八(ba)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)乎(hu)?以此知(zhi)鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)必(bi)在镳(biao)(biao)(biao)。鸾(luan)(luan)(luan)(luan)既在镳(biao)(biao)(biao),则(ze)和当在衡(heng)。经传(chuan)不(bu)(bu)言和数,未(wei)知(zhi)和有(you)几也(ye)。四者皆(jie)以金(jin)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),故动则(ze)皆(jie)有(you)鸣声(sheng)也(ye)。

三辰(chen)旂旗(qi),昭(zhao)其明(ming)也。三辰(chen),日(ri)、月、星也。画於(wu)旂旗(qi),象天之明(ming)。

[疏]注“三(san)辰(chen)”至“之(zhi)明”。正(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue):《春(chun)官》“神士掌(zhang)三(san)辰(chen)之(zhi)法”。郑玄(xuan)亦以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)日、月(yue)、星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)谓之(zhi)辰(chen)。辰(chen),时也(ye)(ye)。日以(yi)(yi)照昼,月(yue)以(yi)(yi)照夜,星(xing)(xing)则运行於天(tian)(tian),昏明递(di)市而正(zheng)(zheng),所以(yi)(yi)示民(min)早(zao)晚,民(min)得以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)时节,故(gu)(gu)三(san)者皆为(wei)(wei)辰(chen)也(ye)(ye)。三(san)辰(chen)是天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)光明照临天(tian)(tian)下,故(gu)(gu)画(hua)(hua)以(yi)(yi)旌旗(qi)(qi),象天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)明也(ye)(ye)。九旗(qi)(qi)之(zhi)物,唯日月(yue)为(wei)(wei)常。不言画(hua)(hua)星(xing)(xing)者,盖大(da)常之(zhi)上,又画(hua)(hua)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。《穆天(tian)(tian)子传》称“天(tian)(tian)子葬盛姬(ji),建日月(yue)七星(xing)(xing)”。盖画(hua)(hua)北斗(dou)七星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。案(an)《司常》“交龙(long)为(wei)(wei)旂,熊虎为(wei)(wei)旗(qi)(qi)”,不画(hua)(hua)三(san)辰(chen)。而云三(san)辰(chen)旂旗(qi)(qi)者,旂旗(qi)(qi)是九旗(qi)(qi)之(zhi)总名(ming),可以(yi)(yi)统大(da)常,故(gu)(gu)举以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)言也(ye)(ye)。

夫德,俭而有度,登降有数,登降,谓上下尊卑。文、物以纪之,声、明以发之,以临照百官。百官於是乎戒惧,而不敢易纪律。今灭德立违,谓立华督违命之臣。而寘其赂器於大庙,以明示百官。百官象之,其又何诛焉?国家之败,由官邪也。官之失德,宠赂章也。郜鼎在庙,章孰甚焉?武王克商,迁九鼎于雒邑,九鼎,殷所受夏九鼎也。武王克商,乃营雒邑而后去之,又迁九鼎焉,时但营雒邑,未有都城。至周公,乃卒营雒邑,谓之王城,即今河南城也。故传曰:“成王定鼎于郏鄏”。
  ○寘(zhi),之豉反(fan)(fan),置也。邪(xie),似(si)嗟反(fan)(fan)。雒音(yin)(yin)洛,本亦(yi)作洛。夏,户雅反(fan)(fan)。郏,古夹(jia)反(fan)(fan)。鄏(ru)音(yin)(yin)辱。

[疏]注“九鼎”至“郏鄏”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:据宣三(san)年传,知(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)是(shi)殷家所受(shou)夏九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也。《战国策》称(cheng)齐救周(zhou),求(qiu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),颜(yan)率谓齐王(wang)(wang)曰:“昔周(zhou)伐殷而取九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),一(yi)(yi)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)万(wan)人(ren)挽(wan)之(zhi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)八十一(yi)(yi)万(wan)人(ren)挽(wan)之(zhi)。”挽(wan)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人(ren)数(shu)或是(shi)虚(xu)言,要知(zhi)其鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)有九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)称(cheng)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也。知(zhi)武王(wang)(wang)迁九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)於洛(luo)邑欲以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)都者(zhe),鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)者(zhe),帝王(wang)(wang)所重,相(xiang)传以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宝(bao)器。戎衣大定之(zhi)日,自可迁置,西周(zhou)乃(nai)徙(xi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)处(chu)于洛(luo)邑,故(gu)知(zhi)本意(yi)欲以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)都。又以(yi)(yi)《商书·洛(luo)诰》说周(zhou)公营(ying)雒邑,则知(zhi)武王(wang)(wang)但有迁意(yi)周(zhou)公乃(nai)卒营(ying)之(zhi)地(di)理志云:“河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)县(xian)故(gu)郏鄏地(di)也。武王(wang)(wang)迁九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)焉。周(zhou)公致太平,营(ying)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)都,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)城,至平王(wang)(wang)居(ju)之(zhi)”。言即今河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)城者(zhe),晋时犹以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)县(xian)。“成王(wang)(wang)定鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”,宣三(san)年传文。

义(yi)士犹或非之(zhi),盖伯夷之(zhi)属(shu)。

[疏]注“盖伯夷之属”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):《史记·伯夷(yi)(yi)列传》曰(yue)(yue):伯夷(yi)(yi)、叔齐(qi)(qi),孤竹(zhu)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二子也,让国,俱逃归周。及(ji)(ji)至西(xi)伯卒,武王东伐(fa)纣,“伯夷(yi)(yi)、叔齐(qi)(qi)叩马谏(jian),曰(yue)(yue):‘父死不葬,爰及(ji)(ji)干戈,可谓孝乎(hu)(hu)?以(yi)臣伐(fa)君(jun),可谓仁乎(hu)(hu)?’左右(you)欲兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。太(tai)公曰(yue)(yue):‘此(ci)义人也。’扶(fu)而去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。武王既(ji)平殷(yin),夷(yi)(yi)、齐(qi)(qi)耻(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不食周粟,隐於首阳(yang)山,采薇而食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。作歌(ge)曰(yue)(yue):“登(deng)彼西(xi)山兮(xi),爰采薇矣(yi)。以(yi)暴(bao)易暴(bao)兮(xi),不知其非矣(yi)。”检书传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,非武王者(zhe),唯此(ci)人。故知是伯夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。

而(er)况将昭违(wei)乱之赂器(qi)於大庙,其(qi)若之何?”公不听。周(zhou)内史(shi)闻之曰:“臧(zang)孙达其(qi)有后於鲁乎!君违(wei),不忘谏之以德(de)。”内史(shi),周(zhou)大夫(fu)官也(ye)。僖伯谏隐观(guan)鱼,其(qi)子(zi)哀伯谏桓纳鼎,积善之家必有馀庆,故曰其(qi)有后於鲁。

[疏]注“内史”至“於鲁”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):《周礼·春官(guan)》:“内史,中大(da)夫。”是周大(da)夫官(guan)也(ye)。“积善之家必(bi)有馀庆”,《易·文言》文也(ye)。

秋七月,杞侯(hou)来朝,不敬(jing)。杞侯(hou)归(gui),乃谋伐之。

“蔡侯、郑伯会于邓”,始惧楚也。楚国,今南郡江陵县北纪南城也。楚武王始僣号称王,欲害中国。蔡、郑姬姓,近楚,故惧而会谋。
  ○近,附(fu)近之近。

[疏]注“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国”至“会谋”。正义曰:《地(di)(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun):“南(nan)郡江陵(ling)(ling)县,故楚(chu)(chu)(chu)郢(ying)(ying)都,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)自(zi)(zi)丹阳徙(xi)此。”《世本》云(yun):“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)鬻熊居(ju)丹阳,武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)徙(xi)郢(ying)(ying)。”宋仲(zhong)子(zi)云(yun):“丹阳在(zai)南(nan)郡枝江县,今(jin)南(nan)郡江陵(ling)(ling)县北有(you)(you)郢(ying)(ying)城。”《史(shi)记》称(cheng)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)徙(xi)都于郢(ying)(ying)。《地(di)(di)理志(zhi)》依《史(shi)记》为说,此时当(dang)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《谱》云(yun):“楚(chu)(chu)(chu),芊姓,颛顼之(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其后有(you)(you)鬻熊,事周文(wen)王(wang)(wang),早(zao)卒。成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)封其曾孙熊绎於楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。以(yi)子(zi)男之(zhi)田居(ju)丹阳,今(jin)南(nan)郡枝江是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。熊达始(shi)称(cheng)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)十九年,鲁隐公之(zhi)元年也(ye)(ye)(ye)。武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)居(ju)郢(ying)(ying),今(jin)江陵(ling)(ling)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭王(wang)(wang)徙(xi)鄀,惠王(wang)(wang)八年获麟之(zhi)岁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。惠王(wang)(wang)二十一(yi)年,《春秋》之(zhi)传终矣。惠王(wang)(wang)五十七年卒。自(zi)(zi)惠王(wang)(wang)以(yi)下十一(yi)世,二百九年,而秦灭之(zhi)。”《楚(chu)(chu)(chu)世家》称(cheng)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)使(shi)随人(ren)请(qing)王(wang)(wang)室尊吾号,王(wang)(wang)弗听。还报楚(chu)(chu)(chu),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)怒(nu),乃自(zi)(zi)立为楚(chu)(chu)(chu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)。是楚(chu)(chu)(chu)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)始(shi)僣号称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)炫(xuan)云(yun):号为武(wu)(wu),武(wu)(wu)非谥也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

九月,入(ru)杞(qi),讨不(bu)敬也。

“公及戎盟于唐”,脩旧好也。惠、隐之好。
  ○好,呼报反,注同。

“冬,公至自唐”,告于庙也。凡公行,告于宗庙;反,行饮至,舍爵策勋焉,礼也。爵,饮酒器也。既饮置爵,则书勋劳於策,言速纪有功也。
  ○舍(she)(she)音赦,置也;旧音舍(she)(she)。

[疏]“冬公”至“礼也”。
  ○正义曰:凡公行者,或朝或会或盟或伐,皆是也。孝子之事亲也,出必告,反必面,事死如事生,故出必告庙,反必告至。不言告祢庙而言告宗庙者,诸庙皆告,非独祢也。《礼记·曾子问》曰:“诸侯適天子,必告于祖,奠于祢”,命祝史告于宗庙。“诸侯相见,必告于祢”,命祝史告于五庙。“反,必亲告于祖祢,乃命祝史告至于前所告者”。由此而言,诸侯朝天子则亲告祖祢,祝史告馀庙。朝邻国则亲告祢,祝史告馀庙。其路远者,亦亲告祖。故于其反也,言告于祖祢,明出时亦告祖也。出时不言祖者,郑玄云:“道近,或可以不亲告祖”,明道远者亦亲告祖矣。虽亲与不亲,而诸庙皆告,故总言告于宗庙也。《曾子问》曰“凡告用制币,反亦如之”,则出入皆以币告也。但出则告而遂行,反则告讫又饮至,故行言告庙,反言饮至,以见至有饮,而行无饮也。饮至者,嘉其行至,故因在庙中饮酒为乐也。襄十三年传曰:“公至自晋,孟献子书劳于庙,礼也。”书劳策勋,其事一也。舍爵乃策勋,策勋常在庙,知饮至亦在庙也。彼公至自晋,朝还告庙也。此公至自唐,盟还告庙也。十六年“公至自伐郑”,传曰“以饮至之礼”,伐还告庙也。三者传皆言礼。知朝、会、盟、伐,告庙礼同,传所以反覆,凡例也。朝还告至,而献子书劳则策勋者,非唯讨伐之勋,虽常事有以安国宁民,或亦书功于庙也。公行告至,必以嘉会昭告祖祢,有功则舍爵策勋,无功则告事而已,无不告也。反行必告,而春秋公行一百七十六,书至者唯八十二耳其馀不书者,释例曰:“凡公之行不书”至“者,九十有四皆不告庙也。隐公之不告,谦也;馀公之不告,慢於礼也。”慢於礼者,举大例言耳,其中亦应有心实非慢而不宜告者,若行有耻辱,不足为荣,则克躬罪已,不以告庙,非为慢於礼也。若事实可耻而不以为耻,反行告庙,则史亦书之。宣五年传曰:“公如齐,高固使齐侯止公,请叔姬焉。夏,公至自齐。书,过也。”《释例》曰:“执止之辱,厌尊毁列,所以累其先君,忝其社稷,固当克躬罪己,不以嘉礼自终。宣公如齐,既已见止,连昏於邻国之臣,而行饮至之礼,故传曰‘书,过也’。是不应告而告,故书之以示过也。”《释例》又曰:“桓公之丧至自齐,此则死还告庙而书至者也。庄公违礼,如齐观社,用饮至之礼,此则失礼之书至者也。宣公黑壤之会,以赂免,讳不书盟,而复书至,亦讳不以见止告庙也。襄公至自晋,此则荣还而书至者也。昭公至自齐,居于郓,此则宜告而书至者也。诸书至,皆告庙启反。或即实而言,或有所讳辟。传於伐见饮至之礼,於宣见书过之讥,於朝见书劳于庙,举此三者以包其他行也。僖十六年公会诸侯于淮。未归,而取项。齐人以为讨,而止公。十七年秋,“声姜以公故,会齐侯于卞”,公始得归,而书“公至自会”,是讳其见止,而以会告庙。故传曰:“犹有诸侯之事焉,且讳之。”是讳止而以会告也。诸侯盟者必在会后,皆书公至自会,不言公至自盟者,以盟是因会而为之,初必以会征众。公行以会告庙,故还以会告至。虽并以盟告,亦不云至自盟,为行时不以盟告故也。僖二十八年公会诸侯于温,遂围许,经书公至自围许;襄十年公会诸侯于柤,“遂灭偪阳”,经书“公至自会”。二文不同。《释例》曰:“诸若此类,事势相接,或以始致,或以终致,盖时史之异耳,无他义也。”定十二年“公至自围成”,行不出境而亦告庙者,《释例》曰:“陪臣执命,大都偶国。仲由建堕三都之计,而成人不从,故公亲伐之,虽不越境,动众兴兵,大其事,故出入皆告于庙也。”
  ○注“爵饮”至“功也”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):《韩诗》说:“一升曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue)。爵(jue),尽也(ye)(ye),足也(ye)(ye)。二升曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觚(gu)。觚(gu),寡也(ye)(ye)。饮(yin)当寡少。三升曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觯(zhi)。觯(zhi),適也(ye)(ye)。饮(yin)当自適。四升曰(yue)(yue)(yue)角。角,触也(ye)(ye)。次(ci)不自適,触罪(zui)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)。五(wu)升曰(yue)(yue)(yue)散。散,讪(shan)也(ye)(ye)。饮(yin)不自节,为人(ren)谤讪(shan)也(ye)(ye)。总名曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue),其(qi)实(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觞。觞,饷也(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则饮(yin)酒(jiu)之器,其(qi)名有五(wu),而总称为爵(jue)。案《燕(yan)礼》,爵(jue)用(yong)觚(gu)、觯(zhi),此饮(yin)至之爵(jue)不过(guo)用(yong)觚(gu)、觯(zhi)而已。为人(ren)君者,赏不逾(yu)月,欲民速睹(du)为善之利。故舍爵(jue)即书(shu)劳於策,言速纪有功也(ye)(ye)。

特相会,往来称地,让事也。特相会,公与一国会也。会必有主,二人独会,则莫肯为主,两让,会事不成,故但书地。自参以上,则往称地,来称会,成事也。成会事。
  ○参,七南反,一音三。上,时掌反。

初,晋穆侯之夫人姜氏以条之役生太子,命之曰仇。条,晋地。大子,文侯也。意取於战相仇怨。
  ○仇音求(qiu)。其弟以千亩(mu)之战生,命之曰成师。桓叔(shu)也。西河界休县南(nan)有地,名千亩(mu)意取(qu)能成其众(zhong)。

[疏]“千亩之战”。
  ○正义曰:案(an)《周本纪》,宣王(wang)三(san)十九年(nian),王(wang)与姜戎战(zhan)于(yu)千亩。取此(ci)战(zhan)事(shi)以为子名(ming)也(ye)。

师服曰:“异哉,君之名子也!师服,晋大夫。
  ○名,如字(zi),或弥政(zheng)(zheng)反。夫名以制(zhi)义,名之必(bi)可(ke)言也。义以出礼(li),礼(li)从(cong)义出。礼(li)以体政(zheng)(zheng),政(zheng)(zheng)以礼(li)成。政(zheng)(zheng)以正民,是以政(zheng)(zheng)成而民听。易则生乱(luan)(luan)。反易礼(li)义,则乱(luan)(luan)生也。

[疏]“夫名”至“生乱”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:出(chu)(chu)(chu)口为名(ming),合宜(yi)(yi)为义(yi)。人(ren)之出(chu)(chu)(chu)言(yan)使合於(wu)事宜(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“名(ming)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)义(yi)”。杖义(yi)而(er)行,所以(yi)(yi)生出(chu)(chu)(chu)礼(li)法(fa),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“义(yi)以(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)礼(li)”。复礼(li)而(er)行,所以(yi)(yi)体(ti)成政(zheng)教,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“礼(li)以(yi)(yi)体(ti)政(zheng)”。以(yi)(yi)礼(li)为政(zheng),以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)下民(min),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“政(zheng)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)民(min)”。今(jin)晋侯名(ming)子不得其宜(yi)(yi),礼(li)教无(wu)所从出(chu)(chu)(chu)。政(zheng)不以(yi)(yi)礼(li),则(ze)民(min)各(ge)有心(xin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为始(shi)兆乱也。

嘉耦曰妃,怨耦曰仇,古之命也。自古有此言。
  ○耦,五口反。妃,芳非反。今君命大子曰仇,弟曰成师,始兆乱矣。兄其替乎!”穆侯爱少子桓叔,俱取於战以为名,所附意异,故师服知桓叔之党必盛於晋以倾宗国,故因名以讽谏。
  ○替,他(ta)计反,废也。少,诗(shi)照反。讽,芳凤(feng)反。

[疏(shu)]注“穆侯(hou)”至“讽谏(jian)”。正(zheng)义曰:大子(zi)与(yu)桓叔虽并因(yin)战为(wei)名(ming),而(er)(er)所附(fu)意异。仇(chou),取於战相仇(chou)怨;成师(shi),取能成师(shi)众(zhong)(zhong)。缘名(ming)求义,则大子(zi)多怨仇(chou),而(er)(er)成师(shi)有(you)(you)徒众(zhong)(zhong)。穆侯(hou)本立(li)此(ci)名(ming),未(wei)必(bi)先生此(ci)意。但宠爱少子(zi),於时已著,师(shi)服知桓叔将盛,故推出此(ci)理(li),因(yin)解其名(ming)以为(wei)讽谏(jian),欲(yu)使之强干弱(ruo)枝耳。人(ren)臣规谏(jian),若无端绪(xu),冯何(he)(he)致(zhi)言以申已志?非(fei)谓(wei)人(ren)之立(li)名(ming)必(bi)将有(you)(you)验(yan)。而(er)(er)何(he)(he)休(xiu)谓(wei)左氏后有(you)(you)兴亡,由立(li)名(ming)善恶。引后稷(ji)名(ming)弃(qi),为(wei)《膏盲》,以难左氏,非(fei)也。

惠之二十四年,晋始乱,故封桓叔于曲沃。惠,鲁惠公也。晋文侯卒,子昭侯元年,危不自安,封成师为曲沃伯。靖侯之孙栾宾傅之。靖侯,桓叔之高祖父,言得贵宠公孙为傅相。
  ○靖,才井反(fan)。栾,力官(guan)反(fan)。

[疏]注“靖侯”至“傅相”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:案《晋世(shi)家(jia)》,靖侯生僖侯,僖侯生献侯,献侯生穆(mu)侯,穆(mu)侯生桓(huan)叔(shu)。靖侯是桓(huan)叔(shu)之(zhi)高祖(zu)也(ye)。史传称祖(zu)皆云祖(zu)父(fu),故谓高祖(zu)为高祖(zu)父(fu),非高祖(zu)之(zhi)父(fu)也(ye)。特云靖侯之(zhi)孙,则知传意,言(yan)其得贵宠(chong)公(gong)孙为傅(fu)相也(ye)。此人之(zhi)后,遂为栾(luan)氏,盖其父(fu)字栾(luan)。

师服曰(yue):“吾闻国家(jia)之立(li)也,本大而(er)末(mo)小(xiao),是以能固。故(gu)天子建国,立(li)诸侯也。诸侯立(li)家(jia),卿大夫(fu)称家(jia)臣。卿置侧室,侧室,众子也,得立(li)此一官。

[疏]注“侧室”至“一官”。
  ○正义曰:《礼记·文王世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》云“公若有出疆之(zhi)政,庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)守(shou)公宫,正室(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)大庙(miao)”。郑玄云:“正室(shi)(shi)(shi),適子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。”正室(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)適子(zi)(zi)(zi),故知(zhi)侧(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)众子(zi)(zi)(zi),言(yan)其(qi)在(zai)適子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)旁侧(ce)也。文十二年传曰:“赵(zhao)(zhao)有侧(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)曰穿。”是(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)得立此官(guan)(guan)也。卿(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)家臣,其(qi)数多(duo)矣(yi),独(du)言(yan)立此一官(guan)(guan)者(zhe),其(qi)馀诸官(guan)(guan),事(shi)连於国,临时选用(yong),异姓(xing)皆(jie)得为之(zhi)。其(qi)侧(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)一官(guan)(guan),必(bi)用(yong)同族(zu),是(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)荫所及,唯知(zhi)宗事(shi),故特(te)言(yan)之(zhi)。案《世(shi)族(zu)谱》,赵(zhao)(zhao)穿是(shi)(shi)夙之(zhi)庶(shu)孙,於赵(zhao)(zhao)盾为从父(fu)昆弟,而为盾侧(ce)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。然选其(qi)宗之(zhi)庶(shu)者(zhe)而为之(zhi),未必(bi)立卿(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)亲(qin)弟。

大夫有贰宗,適子为小宗,次子为贰宗,以相辅贰。
  ○適,丁历反。“为小宗”,本或作(zuo)“为大宗”,误(wu)。

[疏]注“適子”至“辅贰”。
  ○正义曰(yue):礼有大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。天子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶子(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别子(zi),及(ji)(ji)异(yi)(yi)姓(xing)受(shou)族(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),世(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)承(cheng)嗣(si),百(bai)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)迁(qian),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父后者(zhe),诸(zhu)弟(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),五世(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)迁(qian),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。五世(shi)(shi)迁(qian)者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)下,丧服未绝。其(qi)继(ji)(ji)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)緦服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内共宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)继(ji)(ji)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)小(xiao)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内共宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。继(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、继(ji)(ji)祢(mi)所宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)及(ji)(ji)亦(yi)然。故(gu)郑玄《丧服小(xiao)记》注(zhu)云(yun):“小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)有四,或(huo)继(ji)(ji)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),或(huo)继(ji)(ji)曾祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),或(huo)继(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),或(huo)继(ji)(ji)祢(mi),皆至五世(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)迁(qian)。”以(yi)(yi)緦服既穷,不(bu)(bu)相宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)敬,故(gu)疏即递迁(qian)也(ye)。《礼记·大(da)(da)传(chuan)》曰(yue):“有百(bai)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),有五世(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。百(bai)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)迁(qian)者(zhe),别子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)其(qi)继(ji)(ji)别子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所自出(chu)者(zhe),百(bai)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)迁(qian)者(zhe)也(ye)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)其(qi)继(ji)(ji)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),五世(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)迁(qian)者(zhe)也(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别也(ye)。大(da)(da)夫(fu)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)子(zi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),故(gu)其(qi)次者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贰(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),以(yi)(yi)相辅助为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)副贰(er),亦(yi)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)官也(ye)。杜知非(fei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)而云(yun)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)必皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),据(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)多,故(gu)杜言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。若大(da)(da)夫(fu)身(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),亦(yi)止得立(li)贰(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)官耳(er)。《礼记》据(ju)公族(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说,故(gu)言(yan)别子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)主,说诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)庶子(zi)耳(er)。其(qi)实异(yi)(yi)姓(xing)受(shou)族(zu),亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),其(qi)继(ji)(ji)者(zhe),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。但《记》文不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。沈云(yun)“適(shi)(shi)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。次者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贰(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)庶弟(di)贰(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),以(yi)(yi)侧室为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)官名,与五宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)别”。

士有隶子弟,士卑,自以其子弟为仆隶。庶人、工、商,各有分亲,皆有等衰。庶人无复尊卑,以亲疏为分别也。衰,杀也。
  ○分,扶问反,又如字。亲,七刃反,又如字。衰,初危反,注同。复,扶又反。别,彼列反。杀,所界反。是以民服事其上,而下无觊觎。下不冀,望上位。
  ○觊音冀。觎,羊朱反;《字林》,羊住反;《说文》云,欲也。今晋,甸侯也,而建国。本既弱矣,其能久乎?”诸侯而在甸服者。
  ○甸,徒练反。

[疏]注“诸侯”至“服者”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):周公斥(chi)大(da)九(jiu)州,广(guang)土(tu)(tu)万里,制为(wei)九(jiu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),邦畿方(fang)千里。其(qi)(qi)外(wai)每五百里谓之(zhi)一服(fu)(fu)(fu)。侯(hou)、甸、男、采、卫(wei)、要六服(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)中(zhong)国(guo)。夷(yi)、镇、蕃(fan)三服(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)夷(yi)狄。《大(da)司马(ma)》谓之(zhi)“九(jiu)畿”,言其(qi)(qi)有(you)期限(xian)也(ye)(ye)。《大(da)行》人(ren)谓之(zhi)“九(jiu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)”,言其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)事王也(ye)(ye)。如(ru)其(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)计(ji),甸服(fu)(fu)(fu)内畔,尚去京师千里。晋距王城不(bu)容此数(shu)(shu),而(er)得在甸服(fu)(fu)(fu)者,《周礼》设(she)法耳。土(tu)(tu)地之(zhi)形,不(bu)可方(fang)平如(ru)图,未必每服(fu)(fu)(fu)皆如(ru)其(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。《地理志》云:“初雒(luo)邑与宗周通封畿,东西长,南北短,短长相覆(fu)为(wei)千里。”是王畿不(bu)正(zheng)方(fang)也(ye)(ye)。《志》又(you)云东都方(fang)六百里,半之(zhi)为(wei)三百里,外(wai)有(you)侯(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)五百里,为(wei)八(ba)百里。计(ji)晋都在大(da)原(yuan),去雒(luo)邑近(jin)八(ba)百里也(ye)(ye)。畿既不(bu)方(fang),服(fu)(fu)(fu)必差(cha)改,故(gu)晋在甸服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。

惠之三十年,晋潘父弑昭侯而立桓叔,不克。潘父,晋大夫也。昭侯,文侯子。晋人立孝侯。昭侯子也。惠之四十五年,曲沃庄伯伐翼,弑孝侯。庄伯,桓叔子。翼,晋国所都。翼人立其弟鄂侯。鄂侯生哀侯。鄂国以隐五年奔随。其年秋,王立哀侯于翼。哀侯侵陉庭之田。陉庭,翼南鄙邑。
  ○陉音刑。陉庭南鄙启曲沃(wo)伐翼。

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