卷九 庄十一年,尽(jin)二十二年
【经】十有一年,春,王(wang)正月。(无传。)
夏,五月,戊寅,公败宋师于鄑。鄑,鲁地。传例曰:“敌未陈曰败某师。”
○鄑,子斯(si)反。
[疏]十一年“公败宋师于鄑”。
○正义曰:往年公(gong)败(bai)宋(song)师于乘丘,今(jin)为乘丘之役侵(qin)(qin)我,则是报复前怨,鲁当无辞。亦不称侵(qin)(qin)伐(fa)者,庄立以来(lai),未尝犯宋(song),宋(song)党齐伐(fa)我,故败(bai)于乘丘。今(jin)复重来(lai),更是宋(song)之可责。非鲁罪也。
秋,宋大水。公使吊之,故书。
冬(dong),王姬(ji)归于(yu)齐(qi)。鲁(lu)主昏,不书齐(qi)侯逆,不见公。
【传】十一年,夏,宋为乘丘之役故,侵我。公御之。宋师未陈而薄之,败诸鄑。凡师,敌未陈曰败某师,(通谓设权谲变诈以胜敌,彼我不得成列,成列而不得用,故以未陈独败为文。
○为乘,于伪反。陈,直(zhi)觐反,下及注皆(jie)同。)
[疏]注“通谓”至“为文”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):设(she)权(quan)谲变(bian)诈以胜敌(di)者(zhe),谓若(ruo)长勺之(zhi)(zhi)役(yi),待(dai)齐人三鼓气衰(shuai),乃击之(zhi)(zhi);定(ding)十四(si)年(nian)槜李之(zhi)(zhi)役(yi),越子(zi)(zi)患吴之(zhi)(zhi)整,使罪人属(shu)剑自刭,吴师(shi)属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)目,越子(zi)(zi)因而(er)伐之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)二(er)者(zhe)敌(di)虽已陈(chen)(chen),设(she)权(quan)胜之(zhi)(zhi),成列(lie)而(er)不(bu)得(de)(de)用也(ye)。此(ci)及昭(zhao)元年(nian)晋(jin)荀吴败狄于(yu)大卤(lu),传皆云“未(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)而(er)薄之(zhi)(zhi)”,是(shi)其(qi)未(wei)(wei)成列(lie)也(ye)。彼(bi)我(wo)不(bu)得(de)(de)成列(lie),与成列(lie)而(er)不(bu)得(de)(de)用,皆以未(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)独(du)败为文,言彼(bi)不(bu)能拒,而(er)此(ci)独(du)克之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。昭(zhao)五(wu)年(nian),叔弓败莒(ju)师(shi)于(yu)蚡(fen)泉,传曰(yue)(yue)“莒(ju)未(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)也(ye)”。此(ci)已发例,彼(bi)复发者(zhe),《释(shi)例》曰(yue)(yue):“鲁败宋莒(ju),再发未(wei)(wei)陈(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)例者(zhe),嫌君臣有异(yi)也(ye)。”
皆陈曰战,坚(jian)而有备,各(ge)得其所,成败决於(wu)志力者也。
[疏]注“坚而”至“者也”。
○正义曰:战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),共(gong)斗之(zhi)辞(ci)。彼(bi)此(ci)成列,权无所施,故(gu)(gu)为各(ge)得其所,成败(bai)(bai)(bai)决於(wu)(wu)志力(li)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。两国交(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),必有(you)胜负(fu)。或(huo)有(you)未(wei)至成败(bai)(bai)(bai),各(ge)自收敛,故(gu)(gu)有(you)言(yan)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)败(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)。桓十年(nian)“齐侯(hou)、郑(zheng)伯来战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于郎”,十二年(nian)“及郑(zheng)师伐宋,丁未(wei),战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于宋”,如此(ci)之(zhi)类,交(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而未(wei)至於(wu)(wu)败(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。或(huo)有(you)彼(bi)实(shi)未(wei)陈,应从未(wei)陈之(zhi)例,亦书(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)有(you)实(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)而不(bu)(bu)书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)从告(gao)辞(ci)也(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰:“令狐之(zhi)役(yi),晋人潜师夜起,而书(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),晋讳(hui)背其前意,而夜薄秦师,以(yi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)告(gao)也(ye)。河曲之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),秦、晋交(jiao)绥;长岸之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),吴、楚(chu)(chu)两败(bai)(bai)(bai),交(jiao)绥并(bing)退,军(jun)士未(wei)慭,吴楚(chu)(chu)俱(ju)病,莫(mo)肯以(yi)告(gao)。故(gu)(gu)皆(jie)书(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而不(bu)(bu)书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。邲之(zhi)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),上军(jun)先陈,林父乃败(bai)(bai)(bai),故(gu)(gu)书(shu)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)又(you)书(shu)败(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。
大崩曰败绩,师徒桡败,若沮岸崩山,丧其功绩,故曰败绩。
○桡,乃孝反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)乃巧反(fan)(fan)(fan)。沮,在(zai)吕反(fan)(fan)(fan),坏也,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)子(zi)馀(yu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。岸(an)崩谓之(zhi)沮。丧,息浪(lang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“师徒”至“败绩”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):“师(shi)(shi)(shi)徒挠败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,成(cheng)二(er)年传(chuan)(chuan)文。《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“高曰(yue)(yue)崩(beng),厚曰(yue)(yue)崩(beng)。”解(jie)其(qi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)非高厚而(er)称(cheng)崩(beng)意。沮(ju)训坏(huai)也(ye),沮(ju)岸,谓河(he)岸崩(beng)也(ye)。师(shi)(shi)(shi)旅(lv)大(da)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),似岸崩(beng)、山崩(beng)也(ye)。绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)训为功(gong),丧其(qi)功(gong)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。诸(zhu)言(yan)(yan)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者,皆云某(mou)师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),唯成(cheng)十(shi)六年言(yan)(yan)“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)子、郑师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者,《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“鄢陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)战,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)徒未(wei)大(da)崩(beng),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)子伤目而(er)退,故(gu)(gu)指事而(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye),言(yan)(yan)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)子身败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),非师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)子败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”僖十(shi)五年“晋(jin)侯及秦(qin)伯战于(yu)韩,获(huo)晋(jin)侯”。其(qi)君彼获(huo),而(er)不书败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)者,晋(jin)侯戎马还泞而(er)止,为秦(qin)所获(huo),师(shi)(shi)(shi)不大(da)崩(beng),故(gu)(gu)不书败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)也(ye)。城(cheng)濮之(zhi)(zhi)战,传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)左(zuo)右(you)师(shi)(shi)(shi)溃(kui),子玉收其(qi)卒而(er)止,故(gu)(gu)不败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。是(shi)二(er)军败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而(er)经(jing)书“败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。鄢陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)战,传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)子反曰(yue)(yue)“臣之(zhi)(zhi)卒实奔”,是(shi)一军败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),而(er)杜云师(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)大(da)崩(beng)。然则绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者是(shi)大(da)崩(beng)之(zhi)(zhi)名,败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)多存(cun)少(shao),乃称(cheng)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)少(shao)存(cun)多,则不称(cheng)败(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)绩(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。
得儁曰克,谓若大叔段之比,才力足以服众,威权足以自固。进不成,为外寇强敌,退复狡壮,有二君之难,而实非二君,克而胜之,则不言彼败绩,但书所克之名。
○儁音俊,本或作俊。比,必(bi)利反(fan)(fan)。复,扶又反(fan)(fan)。狡壮,交卯反(fan)(fan),下测亮反(fan)(fan)。难,乃旦反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“谓若”至“之名”。
○正义曰:克(ke)(ke)训胜(sheng)也。战(zhan)胜(sheng)其(qi)师,获得(de)其(qi)军内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)雄儁(jun)者(zhe),故云“得(de)儁(jun)曰克(ke)(ke)”。《春秋》称(cheng)“克(ke)(ke)”者(zhe),唯有叔(shu)段(duan)一事而已。既非(fei)敌(di)国(guo)相伐,又非(fei)君之(zhi)(zhi)讨臣,而於战(zhan)陈之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)别立此名。彼传复云:“如二君,故曰克(ke)(ke)。”故具迹叔(shu)段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)事以充之(zhi)(zhi)。凡例(li)(li)乃是旧典(dian),非(fei)独为段(duan)发,故云“叔(shu)段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)”。《释例(li)(li)》与此尽同。
覆(fu)而败之曰(yue)取某师,覆(fu),谓威(wei)力兼(jian)备,若罗(luo)网所掩(yan)覆(fu),一军皆见禽制,故以取为(wei)文。
[疏]注“覆谓”至“为文”。
○正(zheng)义曰:取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)谓(wei)尽取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),无(wu)(wu)(wu)遗漏之意也(ye)(ye)。哀九年“宋皇(huang)瑗(yuan)(yuan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)郑(zheng)(zheng)师(shi)于雍丘(qiu)”,传(chuan)称:“皇(huang)瑗(yuan)(yuan)围郑(zheng)(zheng)师(shi),每日(ri)迁舍(she),垒(lei)合(he),郑(zheng)(zheng)师(shi)哭(ku)(ku)”。是自(zi)知(zhi)尽死(si),无(wu)(wu)(wu)逃逸之路也(ye)(ye)。又曰“使有能者无(wu)(wu)(wu)死(si)”,是其(qi)合(he)军(jun)之内,死(si)生在宋也(ye)(ye)。取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)状如此,而云(yun)(yun)覆而败(bai)之,知(zhi)其(qi)如罗网(wang)掩覆,一军(jun)皆见禽制(zhi),故(gu)以取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)。服(fu)(fu)虔云(yun)(yun):“覆,隐也(ye)(ye),设伏而败(bai)之。谓(wei)攻(gong)其(qi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)备,出其(qi)不意,敌(di)人(ren)(ren)不知(zhi),败(bai)之易(yi),故(gu)曰取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。”即如服(fu)(fu)言(yan),与未陈(chen)何(he)(he)异(yi)?而别以为(wei)(wei)(wei)例,为(wei)(wei)(wei)之取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)?荀吴(wu)败(bai)狄于大(da)原,於越败(bai)吴(wu)于槜李,并(bing)攻(gong)其(qi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)备,出其(qi)不意,而经不言(yan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。郑(zheng)(zheng)二公子败(bai)燕(yan)师(shi)于北制(zhi),郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)大(da)败(bai)戎师(shi),是设伏败(bai)之,而传(chuan)不言(yan)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。服(fu)(fu)谓(wei)此为(wei)(wei)(wei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)?宋围郑(zheng)(zheng)师(shi),垒(lei)合(he)而哭(ku)(ku),自(zi)知(zhi)必败(bai),非敌(di)人(ren)(ren)不知(zhi),而书取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)?
京师败曰王师败绩于某。王者无敌於天下,天下非所得与战者。然春秋之世,据有其事,事列於经,则不得不因申其义。有时而败,则以自败为文,明天下莫之得校。
○京(jing)师(shi)败(bai),本或作京(jing)师(shi)败(bai)绩(ji)者,非。校(xiao)音教。
[疏]注“王者”至“得校”。
○正义曰:此亦周公(gong)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)(fan),杜(du)(du)(du)解旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)之意(yi)(yi)。得有(you)王师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)绩者,以周公(gong)制(zhi)礼,理包盛衰,故(gu)《周礼》载(zai)大丧及(ji)王师(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)功(gong)之事,故(gu)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例有(you)败(bai)绩之文(wen)。杜(du)(du)(du)以尊卑逆顺言之,天(tian)王不(bu)(bu)应有(you)战败(bai)之事,遂申(shen)说凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例,故(gu)云:“无敌於(wu)天(tian)下,天(tian)下非所(suo)得与战者。然春秋之世,据有(you)其事。”成(cheng)元年(nian),王师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)绩于(yu)茅戎,是事列於(wu)经(jing),丘(qiu)(qiu)明不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)因申(shen)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)之义。苏氏(shi)之说,义亦如此。沈氏(shi)不(bu)(bu)解杜(du)(du)(du)意(yi)(yi),以京师(shi)(shi)(shi)败(bai)绩非周公(gong)旧(jiu)凡(fan)(fan)(fan),是孔子新(xin)(xin)意(yi)(yi),丘(qiu)(qiu)明为传,不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)因申(shen)孔子新(xin)(xin)意(yi)(yi)之义。刘炫亦不(bu)(bu)达杜(du)(du)(du)旨,谓(wei)杜(du)(du)(du)与沈氏(shi)意(yi)(yi)同,非也。
秋,宋大水。公使吊焉,曰:“天作淫雨,害於粢盛,若之何不吊?不为天所愍吊。对曰:“孤实不敬,天降之灾,又以为君忧,拜命之辱。”谢辱厚命。臧文仲曰:“宋其兴乎!臧文仲,鲁大夫。禹、汤罪己,其兴也悖焉;悖,盛貌。
○悖,蒲忽反,一作勃,同。桀、纣罪人,其亡也忽焉。忽,速貌。
○纣,直久反。
[疏]“禹、汤罪己,桀、纣罪人”。
○正义曰:《汤诰》云:“其尔(er)万方(fang)有(you)罪(zui),在予(yu)一人。”是(shi)(shi)罪(zui)己也(ye)。《泰(tai)誓(shi)》数纣之罪(zui),云:“焚(fen)炙忠(zhong)良,刳剔孕妇。”是(shi)(shi)罪(zui)人也(ye)。禹、桀之时(shi)书多亡矣,固(gu)亦(yi)应有(you)此事。沈引《帝(di)王(wang)世纪》云:“禹见罪(zui)人,下车(che)泣之。”是(shi)(shi)罪(zui)己也(ye)。桀杀关龙逢(feng),是(shi)(shi)罪(zui)人也(ye)。
且(qie)列国有凶(xiong),称孤,礼也。列国,诸侯。无凶(xiong)则常称寡人。
[疏]注“列国”至“寡人”。
○正义曰(yue):列国,谓(wei)大国也。《曲礼》曰(yue):“庶方(fang)小侯(hou),自称曰(yue)孤。诸(zhu)侯(hou)与(yu)民(min)言,自称曰(yue)寡人(ren)(ren)。其在凶(xiong)服,曰(yue)適子孤。”郑玄云:“与(yu)臣(chen)言亦自谓(wei)寡人(ren)(ren)。”是无(wu)凶(xiong)则常称寡人(ren)(ren),有凶(xiong)则称孤也。
言惧而名礼,其庶乎!”言惧,罪己;名礼,称孤;其庶,庶几於兴。
○“言惧而名礼”,绝句。或以“名”绝句者,非。既而闻之曰:“公子御说之辞也。”宋庄公子。
○御,鱼吕反,本或(huo)作御。说音悦(yue)。臧孙达曰:“是(shi)宜(yi)为(wei)君,有恤民之心(xin)。”
[疏]“既而”至“之心”。
○正义曰:谓(wei)御(yu)说明年(nian)为君(jun)之后,方始闻之,闻之时(shi)已为君(jun),故(gu)云是(shi)人宜其为君(jun)也。传以御(yu)说有礼(li),故(gu)以此言实之。
冬,齐侯来逆共姬。齐桓公也。
○共音恭。
乘丘之役,在十年。公以金仆姑射南宫长万,金仆姑,矢名。南宫长万,宋大夫。
○射,食亦反。长,丁丈(zhang)反。
[疏]注“金仆姑,矢名”。
○正义曰:用之射人,必知是矢(shi);其名仆姑,其义未闻。
公右歂孙生搏之。搏,取也。不书获,万时未为卿。
○歂,市专反(fan)。搏音博。
[疏]“公右颛孙生搏之”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:《檀弓》云:“鲁(lu)庄公及宋(song)人战于(yu)(yu)乘(cheng)丘县,贲(bi)父(fu)御,卜国(guo)为右。”车(che)右与此(ci)不(bu)同者(zhe),《礼记(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》后人所录,闻於所闻之(zhi)口,其(qi)事未必(bi)(bi)实(shi)也。案传云:“公子偃先犯(fan)宋(song)师,公从而(er)大败(bai)之(zhi)。”则本非交战。《礼记(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》称(cheng)“马惊,败(bai)绩,公队,佐车(che)授(shou)绥,御与车(che)右皆死(si)之(zhi)”。必(bi)(bi)如《记(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》言,则是(shi)鲁(lu)师败(bai)绩,安得称(cheng)“公败(bai)宋(song)师于(yu)(yu)乘(cheng)丘?”传、《记(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》不(bu)同,固当(dang)《记(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)》文妄耳。
宋人请之,宋公靳之,戏而相愧曰靳。鲁听其得还。
○靳(jin),居(ju)觐反(fan);服云,耻而(er)恶之(zhi)曰靳(jin)。
[疏]注“戏而”至“得还”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):服(fu)虔云(yun)“耻而(er)恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)靳(jin)”。传称“宋人(ren)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,若是耻恶(e)(e)其(qi)(qi)人(ren),不应为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)鲁(lu)。故杜以(yi)为(wei)“戏(xi)而(er)相(xiang)愧曰(yue)(yue)靳(jin)”。郑(zheng)玄注《礼(li)记·儒(ru)行(xing)》云(yun):“遭人(ren)名(ming)为(wei)儒(ru),而(er)以(yi)儒(ru)靳(jin)故相(xiang)戏(xi)。”俗有(you)靳(jin)故之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语,知是戏(xi)而(er)相(xiang)愧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)。《公(gong)羊传》以(yi)为(wei),宋万“与闵(min)公(gong)博,妇(fu)人(ren)皆在侧。万曰(yue)(yue):‘甚(shen)矣!鲁(lu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淑,鲁(lu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美!’闵(min)公(gong)矜此妇(fu)人(ren),妒其(qi)(qi)言,曰(yue)(yue):‘此虏也(ye)。鲁(lu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美恶(e)(e)乎至?’”何(he)休(xiu)云(yun):“恶(e)(e)乎至,犹何(he)所至。”“万怒,搏闵(min)公(gong),绝其(qi)(qi)脰。”是其(qi)(qi)靳(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
曰:“始(shi),吾敬(jing)子(zi)(zi)。今(jin)子(zi)(zi),鲁囚也,吾弗敬(jing)子(zi)(zi)矣!”病之(zhi)。万(wan)不(bu)以为(wei)戏(xi),而以为(wei)已病,为(wei)宋万(wan)弑君(jun)传。
【经】十有二年,春,王三月,纪叔姬归于酅。(无传。纪侯去国而死,叔姬归鲁。纪季自定於齐而后归之。全守节义以终妇道,故系之纪而以初嫁为文,贤之也。来归不书,非宁,且非大归。
○酅音携。)
[疏]十二年注“纪侯”至“大归”。
○正义曰:《公羊传》曰:“其(qi)言归(gui)于酅(xi)何?隐(yin)之也。何隐(yin)尔(er)?其(qi)国(guo)亡矣,徒(tu)归(gui)于叔尔(er)。”《穀(gu)梁传》曰:“其(qi)曰归(gui)何?吾女(nv)也。夫(fu)国(guo)喜得其(qi)所,故言归(gui)焉尔(er)。”杜略取彼意(yi)为(wei)说(shuo),《释(shi)例》与此尽同,大意(yi)以其(qi)贤,愍其(qi)国(guo)亡,乃依附(fu)於叔,故书之耳。
夏,四月。
秋,八月,甲午,宋万弑其君捷及其大夫仇牧。捷,闵公,不书,葬,乱也。万及仇牧皆宋卿。仇牧称名,不警而遇贼,无善事可褒。
○警,居领反。
[疏]注“捷闵”至“可褒”。
○正义曰(yue):隐十一年(nian)《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue):“君弑(shi),臣不讨贼,非臣也(ye);子不复雠,非子也(ye)。葬,生者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。《春秋(qiu)》君弑(shi),贼不讨,不书葬,以(yi)为不系乎臣子也(ye)。”《左氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》无(wu)此(ci)义,故(gu)杜(du)明之(zhi)(zhi)。不书葬,为乱故(gu)也(ye)。凡葬,鲁不会则不书,若使宋乱不葬,鲁本(ben)无(wu)可(ke)会之(zhi)(zhi)理,兼见此(ci)义,故(gu)言乱也(ye)。万及仇牧(mu),并名见於经,知皆(jie)(jie)(jie)卿也(ye)。万不书氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“宋万,贾(jia)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)为未(wei)赐族。案传称南宫长万,则为已氏(shi)(shi)(shi)南宫,不得为未(wei)赐族也(ye)。推寻经文(wen)(wen),自(zi)庄公(gong)以(yi)上诸弑(shi)君者(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不书氏(shi)(shi)(shi),闵公(gong)以(yi)下皆(jie)(jie)(jie)书氏(shi)(shi)(shi),亦足明时(shi)史之(zhi)(zhi)异同(tong),非仲尼(ni)所皆(jie)(jie)(jie)贬也(ye)。”是杜(du)意以(yi)为史有详(xiang)略,无(wu)义例也(ye)。文(wen)(wen)八年(nian),宋人(ren)杀其(qi)大夫司马,传曰(yue):“司马握节以(yi)死,故(gu)书以(yi)官(guan)。”然则有善可(ke)褒,当变文(wen)(wen)以(yi)见义,此(ci)仇牧(mu)书名,不警(jing)而(er)遇贼,无(wu)善可(ke)褒,故(gu)不变其(qi)文(wen)(wen)。《公(gong)羊》书其(qi)“不畏彊御”,故(gu)言此(ci)以(yi)异之(zhi)(zhi)。
冬,十月,宋万出奔陈(chen)。奔例在宣(xuan)十年。
【传】十二年,秋,宋万弑闵公于蒙(meng)(meng)泽。(蒙(meng)(meng)泽,宋地。梁国(guo)有蒙(meng)(meng)县。)
[疏]注“蒙泽”至“蒙县”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):昭(zhao)十(shi)三(san)年(nian),楚(chu)(chu)弑(shi)其君虔于(yu)乾(qian)谿,书地(di)(di)。此弑(shi)闵公(gong)(gong)于(yu)蒙(meng)泽(ze),不(bu)书地(di)(di)者,《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“先儒旁(pang)采二传,横(heng)生异例。宋之(zhi)(zhi)蒙(meng)泽(ze),楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)乾(qian)谿,俱在国内。闵公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)弑(shi),则(ze)以不(bu)书蒙(meng)泽(ze)国内为(wei)义(yi),楚(chu)(chu)弑(shi)灵王,复以地(di)(di)乾(qian)谿为(wei)失所,明仲尼本(ben)不(bu)以为(wei)义(yi)例,则(ze)丘明亦无异文也。”是亦言史(shi)自详(xiang)略,无义(yi)例也。
遇仇牧于门,批而杀之。手批之也。
○批,普迷反,又蒲穴反;《字林》云,击也,父节反。遇大宰督于东宫之西,又杀之。杀督不书,宋不以告。
○大(da)音(yin)泰。立子(zi)游,子(zi)游,宋公子(zi)。
[疏]注“子游宋公子”。
○正义曰:《世族谱》:“子(zi)游(you),杂人,不知(zhi)何(he)公之子(zi)。”
群公子奔萧,公子御说奔亳。萧,宋邑,今沛国萧县,亳,宋邑,蒙县西北有亳城。
○亳,步各反。南宫牛、猛获帅师围亳。牛,长万之子。猛获,其党。
○冬(dong),十(shi)月(yue),萧叔大(da)(da)心(xin)叔,萧大(da)(da)夫(fu)名(ming)。
[疏]注“叔萧大夫名”。
○正义曰:卿大夫(fu)采邑(yi)之(zhi)长则谓之(zhi)宰,公邑(yi)之(zhi)长则曰大夫(fu),此则是宋萧(xiao)邑(yi)大夫(fu)也。以(yi)(yi)此年有功(gong),宋人(ren)以(yi)(yi)萧(xiao)邑(yi)别封其人(ren)为附庸。二(er)十三年经书“萧(xiao)叔(shu)朝公”,附庸例称名,故(gu)杜以(yi)(yi)叔(shu)为名。
及戴、武、宣、穆、庄之族,宋五公之子孙。以曹师伐之。杀南宫牛于师,杀子游于宋,立桓公。桓公,御说。猛获奔卫;南宫万奔陈,以乘车辇其母,一日而至。乘车,非兵车。驾人曰辇。宋去陈二百六十里,言万之多力。
○“南宫万奔陈”,本或作“长万”,“长”衍字也,下亦然。乘,绳证反,注同。宋人请猛获于卫。卫人欲勿与,石祁子曰:“不可!石祁子,卫大夫。天下之恶一也,恶於宋而保於我,保之何补?得一夫而失一国,与恶而弃好,非谋也。”宋、卫本同好国。
○好,呼报反(fan),注同(tong)。卫(wei)人归(gui)之。亦(yi)请南宫万于陈(chen),以(yi)赂(lu)。
[疏]“于陈,以赂(lu)。”正义曰(yue):断(duan)“以赂(lu)”为句,言用赂(lu)请于陈也。请猛获于卫(wei),不言以赂(lu),盖於(wu)卫(wei)无赂(lu)。
陈人使妇人饮之酒,而以犀革裹之。比及宋,手足皆见。宋人皆醢之,醢,肉酱。并醢猛获,故言“皆”。
○“亦请南宫长万(wan)於陈以赂”绝句。饮,於鸩反。犀(xi)音西。裹音果。比,必利反。见,贤遍反。醢(hai)音海(hai)。
【经】十有三年,春,齐侯、宋人、陈人、蔡人、邾人会于北杏。(北杏,齐地。
○杏,户猛反。)
夏,六月,齐人灭遂。遂国在济北蛇丘县东北。
○蛇音移。
秋,七月。
冬,公会齐侯,盟于柯。此柯,今济北东阿,齐之阿邑。犹祝柯今为祝阿。
○柯,古(gu)何(he)反。
【传】十三年,春,会(hui)于北(bei)杏,以平宋(song)乱。(宋(song)有弑(shi)君之乱,齐桓欲脩霸(ba)业。)
[疏]十三年传注“宋有”至“霸业”。
○正义曰:桓二年(nian)“会于稷(ji),以成宋(song)乱”者,为(wei)会之意,欲(yu)(yu)平除(chu)宋(song)督(du)弑(shi)君(jun)之贼(zei)。此云“平宋(song)乱”者,宋(song)万(wan)已诛,宋(song)新立君(jun),其位未定,齐桓欲(yu)(yu)脩霸业(ye),为(wei)会以安定之,非欲(yu)(yu)平除(chu)新君(jun),故宋(song)人听命,来(lai)列於会也。
遂人不至。
夏,齐人灭遂而戍之。戍,守也。
冬,盟于柯,始及齐平也。始与齐桓通好。
○好,呼报(bao)反。
宋人背北杏之会。
○背音佩。十四年(nian)经、注同。
【经】十(shi)有四年(nian),春,齐人(ren)、陈(chen)人(ren)、曹人(ren)伐宋。(背北杏会(hui)故。)
夏,单伯会伐宋(song)。既伐宋(song),单伯乃(nai)至,故(gu)曰(yue)会伐宋(song)。单伯,周大夫。
[疏]“十四年注既伐”至“大夫”。
○正义曰:传称“诸侯伐宋(song),齐(qi)请(qing)师于周(zhou)”,则伐事(shi)巳成(cheng),单(dan)伯始至(zhi),故(gu)云“会(hui)(hui)伐宋(song)”,言来就宋(song)地会(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。元年注(zhu)云“单(dan)伯,天子卿也(ye)”,此(ci)云“周(zhou)大夫”者,大夫亦卿之(zhi)(zhi)总号,故(gu)两言之(zhi)(zhi)。
秋,七月(yue),荆入(ru)蔡。入(ru)例(li)在文十五(wu)年。
冬,单伯会齐侯、宋公、卫侯、郑伯于鄄。鄄,卫地,今东郡鄄城也。齐桓脩霸业,卒平宋乱,宋人服从,欲归功天子,故赴以单伯会诸侯为文。
○于(yu)鄄(juan),音(yin)绢(juan)。甄城,音(yin)绢(juan),一音(yin)真,或(huo)音(yin)盭,又(you)举(ju)然反;或(huo)作鄄(juan)。
[疏]“单伯”至“于鄄”。
○正义曰(yue):《春(chun)秋(qiu)》因鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)史(shi)自(zi)书其事,会(hui)(hui)(hui)他国者(zhe)(zhe)皆言已(yi)往会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)问君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与臣(chen),会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe),皆鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)会(hui)(hui)(hui)字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。若(ruo)微(wei)人(ren)(ren)往会(hui)(hui)(hui),则会(hui)(hui)(hui)上无字(zi),直言其会(hui)(hui)(hui),明鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)往会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)合(he)书名(ming)(ming),书其所为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事而已(yi),十六年(nian),“会(hui)(hui)(hui)齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、陈(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑伯、许男(nan)、滑伯、滕子(zi)(zi)同盟于(yu)幽”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)与,而诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)自(zi)会(hui)(hui)(hui),则并(bing)序诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),言会(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)某,十五(wu)年(nian),“齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、陈(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑伯会(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)鄄(juan)”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽霸主(zhu)(zhu)召会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),霸主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身列(lie)(lie)(lie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上耳,不(bu)(bu)言霸主(zhu)(zhu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)其俱是(shi)王臣(chen),不(bu)(bu)得与诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为主(zhu)(zhu)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);若(ruo)霸主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国遣(qian)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)往会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),虽政在(zai)(zai)(zai)霸国,大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)名(ming)(ming)列(lie)(lie)(lie)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,由(you)非诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),列(lie)(lie)(lie)位从其班(ban)爵,文十四年(nian),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、陈(chen)(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑伯、许男(nan)、曹伯、晋(jin)赵盾,同盟于(yu)新城”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)王臣(chen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)会(hui)(hui)(hui),不(bu)(bu)问尊卑(bei),皆列(lie)(lie)(lie)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,僖八年(nian),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)王人(ren)(ren)、齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、许男(nan)、曹伯、陈(chen)(chen)世子(zi)(zi)款盟于(yu)洮”,九(jiu)年(nian),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)宰周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋(song)子(zi)(zi)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑伯、许男(nan)、曹伯于(yu)葵丘”,是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)会(hui)(hui)(hui)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)与,单伯宜列(lie)(lie)(lie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,下言会(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)鄄(juan)耳。今会(hui)(hui)(hui)字(zi)乃(nai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,是(shi)齐桓(huan)归功天子(zi)(zi),故赴以(yi)单伯会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为文,所以(yi)尊天子(zi)(zi)、示名(ming)(ming)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)会(hui)(hui)(hui)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)自(zi)不(bu)(bu)与,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)所与者(zhe)(zhe),皆鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上,史(shi)文以(yi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为主(zhu)(zhu)耳。当会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)为序,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为《春(chun)秋(qiu)》主(zhu)(zhu),常列(lie)(lie)(lie)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)上,非其实次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)帛,卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),依鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比,列(lie)(lie)(lie)於莒上,故传曰(yue)‘鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。叔孙(sun)豹(bao)曰(yue)‘宋(song)、卫(wei)(wei),吾匹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’,又(you)曰(yue)‘诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui),寡(gua)君(jun)未尝后卫(wei)(wei)君(jun)’,是(shi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)卫(wei)(wei)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋(song)既先代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,又(you)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一合(he)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)绍齐桓(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯,宋(song)在(zai)(zai)(zai)齐上,则鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)次宋(song)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
【传(chuan)】十(shi)四年,春,诸侯(hou)伐宋,齐(qi)(qi)请(qing)师于(yu)周(zhou)。(齐(qi)(qi)欲崇天子,故请(qing)师。假王命以示大顺。经书人(ren),传(chuan)言(yan)诸侯(hou)者(zhe),总众国之辞(ci)。)
[疏]注“齐欲”至“之辞”。
○正(zheng)义曰:齐既以(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)伐(fa)宋(song),而(er)更请师于(yu)周者(zhe),齐桓始脩霸业,方欲(yu)尊崇天子(zi),故(gu)请师,假王命以(yi)(yi)(yi)示大(da)(da)(da)顺耳(er),非虑(lv)伐(fa)不克(ke)而(er)藉王威(wei)也。经书人(ren)(ren),而(er)传言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),先儒(ru)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为,诸(zhu)如此(ci)辈,皆(jie)(jie)是诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身。《释例》曰:“传灭(mie)入例,‘卫侯(hou)(hou)毁灭(mie)邢(xing)。同姓,故(gu)名’。又云‘穀伯绥、邓(deng)侯(hou)(hou)吾离来朝。名,贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也’。又云‘不书蔡、许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),乘楚车也,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失位(wei)’。此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)贬诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,例不称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)也。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)在事(shi),传有明(ming)(ming)文(wen),而(er)经称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),凡十一条,丘明(ming)(ming)不示其义。而(er)诸(zhu)儒(ru)皆(jie)(jie)据案生(sheng)意,原无所(suo)出。贬诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)去(qu)爵称(cheng)人(ren)(ren),是为君(jun)臣同文(wen),非正(zheng)等差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也。又澶(chan)渊,大(da)(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,传曰‘不义其人(ren)(ren)’,案经皆(jie)(jie)去(qu)名称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)。至诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)亲城缘陵,传亦曰‘不书其人(ren)(ren)’,而(er)经总称(cheng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),此(ci)大(da)(da)(da)夫及诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)经、传所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为别也。通校(xiao)《春秋》,自宣(xuan)公五年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下百数十年(nian),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎甚多(duo),而(er)皆(jie)(jie)无贬称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),益明(ming)(ming)此(ci)盖当时告命记注之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi),非仲尼所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为例故(gu)也。”是言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贬,或书名,或没而(er)不书,必不得(de)称(cheng)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)经书人(ren)(ren),传言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),为总众(zhong)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。僖元(yuan)年(nian),齐师、宋(song)师、曹师救(jiu)邢(xing),於例将卑师众(zhong)称(cheng)师,则(ze)三(san)国(guo)皆(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)(da)夫帅也,传称(cheng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)救(jiu)邢(xing),亦是总众(zhong)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,与此(ci)同也。
夏,单伯会之,取成于宋而还。
郑厉公自栎侵郑,厉公以桓十五年入栎,遂居之。
○栎音历。及大陵,获傅瑕。大陵,郑地。傅瑕,郑大夫。傅瑕曰:“苟舍我,吾请纳君。”与之盟而赦之。六月,甲子,傅瑕杀郑子及其二子,而纳厉公。郑子,庄四年称伯,会诸侯。今见杀,不称君,无谥者,微弱,臣子不以君礼成丧告诸侯。
○舍音舍。郑子,子仪(yi)。初,内蛇(she)(she)与外蛇(she)(she)斗於(wu)郑南门中,内蛇(she)(she)死(si)。六年(nian)而厉公(gong)入。
[疏]“六年而厉公入”。
○服虔云:“蛇,北方(fang)水(shui)物,水(shui)成数六(liu),故六(liu)年而厉公入。”
公闻之,问於申繻曰:“犹有妖乎?”对曰:“人之所忌,其气焰以取之。妖由人兴也。《尚书·洛诰》:“无若火始焰焰。”未盛而进退之时,以喻人心不坚正。
○蛇,市奢(she)反(fan)(fan)。繻音须。妖(yao)(yao),於骄反(fan)(fan)。焰以,音艳。诰,古报反(fan)(fan)。人(ren)无衅焉,妖(yao)(yao)不自作。人(ren)弃常,则妖(yao)(yao)兴,故有(you)妖(yao)(yao)。”
[疏]“犹有”至“有妖”。
○正义曰:公(gong)(gong)闻厉(li)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)入,问於申繻曰:犹(you)(you)有蛇(she)(she)妖,而厉(li)公(gong)(gong)得入乎?古者由、犹(you)(you)二(er)字义得通用(yong)。申繻对公(gong)(gong)曰:人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)所忌,谓子仪畏惧厉(li)公(gong)(gong),心不(bu)(bu)坚正,其畏忌之(zhi)(zhi)气焰(yan)(yan)焰(yan)(yan)未盛而进退(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)取此妖来应人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。蛇(she)(she)斗之(zhi)(zhi)事,由人(ren)(ren)兴也(ye)。若(ruo)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)无衅隙焉,则妖孽不(bu)(bu)能自(zi)作。人(ren)(ren)弃其常(chang),则妖自(zi)兴,以(yi)此故有妖。弃常(chang),谓既不(bu)(bu)能彊,又不(bu)(bu)能弱,失常(chang)度(du)也(ye)。
厉公入,遂杀傅瑕。使谓原繁曰:“傅瑕贰,言有二心於已。
○衅,许靳反。周有常刑,既伏其罪矣。纳我而无二心者,吾皆许之上大夫之事,吾原与伯父图之。上大夫,卿也。伯父谓原繁,疑原繁有二心。且寡人出,伯父无里言。无纳我之言。
○里音里。入,又不念寡人,不亲附已。寡人憾焉!”对曰:“先君桓公命我先人典司宗礻石。桓公,郑始受封君也。宗礻石,宗庙中藏主石室。言已世为宗庙守臣。
○憾(han),户暗反。礻石音石,藏主石函也。守,手又反。
[疏]注“桓公”至“守臣”。
○正义曰:桓公初封西郑,盖其畿内之国。周礼,王(wang)子母弟有(you)功者(zhe),得立祖王(wang)之庙,故桓公始封为君,即命臣使典宗礻(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。宗礻(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),虑有(you)非常火(huo)灾,於庙之北壁(bi)内为石(shi)(shi)(shi)室,以藏木主,有(you)事(shi)则出(chu)而祭(ji)之,既祭(ji),纳於石(shi)(shi)(shi)室。礻(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)字从示,神之也。
社稷有主,而外其心,其何贰如之?苟主社稷,国内之民其谁不为臣?臣无二心,天之制也。子仪在位十四年矣,子仪,郑子也。而谋召君者,庸非二乎?庸,用也。庄公之子,犹有八人,若皆以官爵行赂劝贰而可以济事,君其若之何?臣闻命矣。”乃缢而死。
○“庄公之子,犹有八人”,传唯见四人:子忽、子亹、子仪并死,独厉公在。八人名字,记传无闻。缢,一赐反。
○蔡哀侯为莘故,绳息妫以语楚子。莘役在十年。绳,誉也。
○为莘,于伪反(fan),下所巾反(fan)。语,鱼(yu)据反(fan)。绳(sheng),食承反(fan);《说(shuo)文》作譝。誉音馀(yu),又如(ru)字。
[疏]注“绳,誉也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:字书绳作譝字,从言,训(xun)为誉。
楚子如息,以食入享,遂灭息,伪设享食之具。
○食音嗣,注同。以息妫归。生堵敖及成王焉,未言。未与王言。
○堵敖,丁古反,下五羔反。杜云:楚人谓未成君为敖。《史记》作杜敖。楚子问之,对曰:“吾一妇人而事二夫,纵弗能死,其又奚言?”楚子以蔡侯灭息,遂伐蔡。欲以说息妫。
○说音悦。秋,七月,楚入蔡。君子曰:“《商书》所谓‘恶之易也,如火之燎于原,不可乡迩,其犹可扑灭’者,其如蔡哀侯乎!”《商书·盘庚》。言恶易长而难灭。
○易,以豉反(fan),注同(tong)。燎,力(li)(li)召反(fan)。又力(li)(li)吊反(fan)。乡,许亮反(fan)。朴,普卜反(fan)。般,步丹反(fan),本又作盘。长,丁丈反(fan)。
“冬,会于(yu)鄄(juan)”,宋服故(gu)也。
【经】十有五年,春,齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑(zheng)伯会于鄄。
夏,夫(fu)人(ren)姜(jiang)氏如齐(qi)。无(wu)传。夫(fu)人(ren),文姜(jiang),齐(qi)桓(huan)公姊妹。父母在则(ze)礼(li)有(you)归宁,没则(ze)使(shi)卿宁。
[疏]注“夫人”至“宁卿”。
○正义曰:文(wen)姜(jiang),僖公(gong)(gong)之女(nv),故为桓公(gong)(gong)姊妹。《诗(shi)》美后妃之德(de),云“归宁(ning)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)”,是父(fu)母(mu)(mu)在则礼有(you)(you)归宁(ning)。襄十(shi)二年传曰:“秦嬴(ying)归于(yu)(yu)楚。楚司马子庚聘于(yu)(yu)秦,为夫人(ren)宁(ning),礼也。”是父(fu)母(mu)(mu)没则使(shi)卿(qing)宁(ning),兄弟不(bu)得(de)自(zi)归也。但不(bu)知今桓公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)母(mu)(mu)以否,故杜(du)不(bu)明言得(de)失(shi)。
秋,宋人、齐人、邾人伐郳。宋主兵,故序齐上。
○郳(ni),五(wu)兮反(fan)。郑(zheng)人侵宋。
冬,十月。
【传】十五年,春,复会焉,齐始霸也。(始为诸侯长。
○复,扶又反。长,丁丈反。)
秋,诸侯为宋伐郳。郳,附庸,属宋而叛,故齐桓为之伐郳。
○为宋,于伪反。
郑人间之而侵宋。
○间,间厕之间,一本作闻。
【经】十有六(liu)年,春,王正月。
夏,宋人、齐人、卫人伐(fa)郑。宋主(zhu)兵也(ye)。班序上下,以国大小(xiao)为次,征伐(fa)则以主(zhu)兵为先,《春秋》之常也(ye)。他皆放此。
[疏]“十六年注宋主”至“放此”。
○正(zheng)义曰:往年齐桓始霸,未敢(gan)即尸其任,救患讨罪。今为(wei)宋伐郑,仍(reng)使宋自报(bao)怨(yuan),故(gu)宋主(zhu)兵,序於齐上(shang)也。诸侯会,许(xu)男在曹滑之(zhi)上(shang),班(ban)序上(shang)下(xia),以(yi)国大小为(wei)次,不以(yi)爵(jue)之(zhi)尊卑也。隐五年,邾人、郑人伐宋,附庸(yong)在伯爵(jue)之(zhi)上(shang),是以(yi)主(zhu)兵为(wei)先(xian)也。历检上(shang)下(xia)皆然,知是《春(chun)秋(qiu)》常(chang)法(fa)。《礼记·祭义》云:“有虞氏贵德而尚(shang)齿,夏后氏贵爵(jue)而尚(shang)齿,殷人贵富而尚(shang)齿,周(zhou)(zhou)人贵亲而尚(shang)齿。”而《春(chun)秋(qiu)》序会,不先(xian)同姓,而大国在上(shang)者,孔(kong)子脩《春(chun)秋(qiu)》,有变周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)文从(cong)殷之(zhi)质(zhi)故(gu)也。
秋,荆伐郑。冬,十有二月,会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子,同盟于幽。书会,鲁会之。不书其人,微者也。言同盟,服异也。陈国小,每盟会皆在卫下,齐桓始霸,楚亦始彊,陈侯介於二大国之间,而为三恪之客,故齐桓因而进之,遂班在卫上,终於《春秋》。滑国都费,河南缑氏县。幽,宋地。
○介音界。“为(wei)三恪(ke)”,苦各反(fan);本或作“为(wei)三恪(ke)之客”。费,扶味反(fan),又(you)音秘。缑,古侯反(fan),一音苦侯反(fan)。
[疏]注“书会”至“宋地”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):《公(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)何?同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)欲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《穀梁传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尊周也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜云服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),亦是(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)其(qi)欲、同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尊周也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。书同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),当盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)之时(shi),告神(shen)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),假神(shen)明(ming)以(yi)(yi)要不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin),故(gu)(gu)载(zai)辞或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),以(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)为(wei)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)言载(zai)辞称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)幽,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“陈(chen)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”文十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)城,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“从於(wu)(wu)楚者(zhe)(zhe)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),且谋邾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”成五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蟲牢(lao),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)马(ma)陵(ling),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“寻(xun)(xun)蟲牢(lao)之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),且莒(ju)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”襄三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鸡(ji)泽,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“晋为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)合(he)诸侯(hou)。”二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重丘,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐成故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”昭十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)丘,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如此之类,皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),故(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丧服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》“继父不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju)”,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“尝同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju),乃为(wei)异(yi)居(ju);未尝同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)居(ju),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)异(yi)居(ju)。”《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)亦犹是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尝同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)异(yi),乃称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi);未尝同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖(xi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),齐侯(hou)、宋公(gong)、江人、黄人盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贯,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)江、黄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”定四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),陈(chen)、许(xu)(xu)、顿、胡、楚之属(shu)国,皆(jie)来(lai)会于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)召(zhao)陵(ling),其(qi)下(xia)云:“公(gong)及诸侯(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)皋鼬。”二(er)(er)(er)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),皆(jie)为(wei)未尝同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),非服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。应称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),僖(xi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),首止(zhi)之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)逃(tao)归(gui)。七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)甯母(mu),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)使大子(zi)华听命於(wu)(wu)会,而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)心(xin)(xin)未服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)子(zi)华请去三(san)族,管仲(zhong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“君其(qi)勿(wu)许(xu)(xu)!郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必受盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。”是(shi)(shi)甯母(mu)之时(shi),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)未服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)洮,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)乞盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“请服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,而(er)洮盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)始(shi)请服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)耳,未列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)会,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,晋郤(xi)缺(que)帅师伐蔡(cai)(cai)(cai),戊申,入(ru)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)。其(qi)冬,诸侯(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)扈。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“晋侯(hou)、宋公(gong)、卫(wei)侯(hou)、蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)侯(hou)、陈(chen)侯(hou)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)、许(xu)(xu)男、曹伯(bo)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)扈”,则(ze)是(shi)(shi)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)新(xin)来(lai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郤(xi)缺(que)入(ru)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai),以(yi)(yi)城下(xia)之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)还(hai)。是(shi)(shi)则(ze)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)巳先服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宣(xuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)丘,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“恤病(bing)讨(tao)贰(er)(er)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)断道,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“讨(tao)贰(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”成九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蒲(pu),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“为(wei)归(gui)汶(wen)阳之田(tian)故(gu)(gu),诸侯(hou)贰(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)晋。晋人惧,会於(wu)(wu)蒲(pu),以(yi)(yi)寻(xun)(xun)马(ma)陵(ling)之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)戚,传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“讨(tao)曹成公(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)柯陵(ling),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“寻(xun)(xun)戚之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)虚(xu)朾(ting),传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“谋救(jiu)宋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此六盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)皆(jie)非服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi),称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),清(qing)丘、断道与蒲(pu),於(wu)(wu)时(shi)诸侯(hou)巳有二(er)(er)(er)心(xin)(xin),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)讨(tao)贰(er)(er),故(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng);戚与虚(xu)朾(ting)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)疾恶,故(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng);柯陵(ling)之盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),欲令诸侯(hou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),故(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),犹襄十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诸侯(hou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)疾齐,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)围齐。自(zi)(zi)此以(yi)(yi)前,陈(chen)在卫(wei)下(xia),今在上,知齐桓(huan)始(shi)进之。《释例(li)·班序谱》,自(zi)(zi)隐至庄十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)岁,卫(wei)与陈(chen)凡(fan)四(si)会,卫(wei)在陈(chen)上;自(zi)(zi)庄十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)尽(jin)僖(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五岁,凡(fan)八(ba)(ba)会,陈(chen)在卫(wei)上。故(gu)(gu)知是(shi)(shi)齐桓(huan)进之,遂班在卫(wei)上,终於(wu)(wu)《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
邾子克卒。无传。克,仪父名。称子者,盖(gai)齐桓请王命以(yi)为诸(zhu)侯(hou),再(zai)同盟。
[疏]注“克仪”至“同盟”。
○正义曰:北杏之会,邾人在(zai)焉,今而(er)称子,故(gu)云盖(gai)齐侯请(qing)王命以为诸侯,得(de)为子爵见经(jing)也。隐元年,盟(meng)于蔑;桓十七年,盟(meng)于趡。是再同盟(meng)也。
【传】十六年,夏,诸侯伐郑,宋故也。(郑侵宋故。
○“宋故(gu)也”,本(ben)或作“为宋故(gu)”。)
郑伯自栎入,在十四年。缓告于楚。秋,楚伐郑及栎,为不礼故也。郑伯治与於雍纠之乱者,在桓十五年。
○为,于伪反。与音预。九月,杀公子阏,刖强鉏。二子,祭仲党。断足曰刖。
○公(gong)子阏,安末反(fan)。案隐十一(yi)年,郑有(you)(you)公(gong)孙(sun)阏,距(ju)此三十五年,不(bu)容复有(you)(you)公(gong)子阏。若非(fei)“阏”字误,则“子”当为“孙(sun)”。刖(yue)音(yin)月,又五刮(gua)反(fan)。鉏,仕鱼(yu)反(fan)。断(duan),丁(ding)管反(fan)。
[疏]注“二子”至“曰刖”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):《周礼·司刑》:刖(yue)(yue)(yue)罪(zui)五百。《尚书·吕刑》:剕(fei)罚之(zhi)属五百。孔安国(guo)云:“刖(yue)(yue)(yue)足曰(yue)(yue)(yue)剕(fei)。”《释言》云:“⻊非,刖(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。”李(li)巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“断足曰(yue)(yue)(yue)刖(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。”《说(shuo)文》云:“刖(yue)(yue)(yue),绝(jue)也(ye)。”则(ze)剕(fei)、刖(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)断绝(jue)之(zhi)名、斩足之(zhi)罪(zui),故云断足曰(yue)(yue)(yue)刖(yue)(yue)(yue)。
公父定叔出奔卫。共叔段之孙。定,谥也。
○父音甫。王(wang)音如(ru)字。共音恭。三(san)年(nian)而复之,曰(yue):“不(bu)可使共叔无后於郑(zheng)。”使以(yi)十月入,曰(yue):“良月也,就(jiu)盈(ying)数焉。”数满於十。
[疏]注“满於十”。
○正义曰:《易(yi)·系辞》云(yun)(yun):“天(tian)一(yi),地(di)(di)二,天(tian)三(san),地(di)(di)四,天(tian)五,地(di)(di)六,天(tian)七,地(di)(di)八,天(tian)九(jiu),地(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)。”至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)而止,是数(shu)满(man)於(wu)十(shi)(shi)也。闵元年传曰:“万(wan),盈数(shu)也。”数(shu)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)则小(xiao)盈,至(zhi)万(wan)则大盈。传具载定(ding)叔(shu)事(shi)者,服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun):“定(ding)叔(shu)之祖共叔(shu)段(duan)有(you)伐君之罪,宜世(shi)不长,而云(yun)(yun)不可使共叔(shu)无后於(wu)郑,言其(qi)刑之偏颇。郑厉公以孽篡(cuan)適,同恶(e)相恤,故党於(wu)共叔(shu),欲令(ling)其(qi)后不绝,传所以恶(e)厉公也。”
君子(zi)谓“强(qiang)鉏(chu)不能(neng)卫其足”。言其不能(neng)早辟害。
冬,“同盟于幽”,郑成(cheng)也。
王使虢公命曲沃伯以一军为晋侯。曲沃武公遂并晋国,僖王因就命为晋侯。小国,故一军。
○并,如字;王,必政反。
[疏]注“曲沃”至“一军”。
○正义曰(yue):桓八年(nian)传称曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)武灭(mie)翼。其年(nian)冬,王命虢仲(zhong)立晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)哀侯之(zhi)(zhi)弟缗于晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)乃并(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)世(shi)家》云:“曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)武公(gong)伐晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)侯缗,灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi),尽以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)宝器赂献於(wu)(wu)周僖(xi)王。僖(xi)王命曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)武公(gong)为晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)君,列(lie)为诸侯,於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)尽并(bing)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)地(di)而(er)有之(zhi)(zhi)。曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)武公(gong)巳(si)即位二十七(qi)年(nian)矣。自桓叔始封曲(qu)(qu)沃(wo)(wo)以(yi)至(zhi)武公(gong)灭(mie)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),凡六十七(qi)岁(sui),而(er)卒(zu)代(dai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)为诸侯。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)僖(xi)王命之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。周礼,小国(guo)一军。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)土地(di)虽大,以(yi)初并(bing)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo),故(gu)以(yi)小国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)礼命之(zhi)(zhi)。
初,晋武公伐夷,执夷诡诸。夷诡诸,周大夫。夷,采地名。
○诡,九委反。采,七代反,后放此。蒍国请而免之。蒍国,周大夫。
○蒍,于委反。既而弗报,诡诸不报施於蒍国。
○施,始豉反。故子国作乱,谓晋人曰:“与我伐夷而取其地。”使晋取夷地,遂以晋师伐夷,杀夷诡诸。周公忌父出奔虢。周公忌父,王卿士,辟子国之难。
○难,乃旦反。惠王立而复之。鲁桓十五年,经书“桓王崩”。鲁庄三年,经书“葬桓王”。自此以来,周有庄王,又有僖王,崩、葬皆不见於经传。王室微弱,不能复自通於诸侯,故传因周公忌父之事而见惠王。惠王立在此年之末。
○不见,贤遍反(fan),下同。复自,扶又反(fan)。
[疏]注“鲁桓”至“之末”。
○正义曰:《史(shi)(shi)记(ji)·十(shi)二诸侯年(nian)(nian)表》云,庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)桓十(shi)六年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)而(er)崩。僖王(wang)(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)庄(zhuang)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)五年(nian)(nian)而(er)崩。惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)元年(nian)(nian)当鲁(lu)庄(zhuang)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian),即位(wei)在(zai)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian),而(er)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)说惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)立(li)者,杜云“传(chuan)(chuan)因周(zhou)公忌(ji)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)见惠(hui)王(wang)(wang),立(li)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)末”,是杜以周(zhou)公忌(ji)父(fu)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)出奔,至惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)立(li)而(er)得复,与《史(shi)(shi)记(ji)》不(bu)违(wei)。
【经】十有七年,春,齐人执郑詹。(齐桓始霸,郑既伐宋,又不朝齐。詹为郑执政大臣,诣齐见执,不称行人,罪之也。行人例在襄十一年。诸执大夫,皆称人以执之,大夫贱故。
○詹,之(zhi)廉反(fan)。始(shi)伯,音霸,又(you)如(ru)字,本又(you)作霸。)
[疏]十七年注“齐桓”至“贱故”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):僖七(qi)年(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“郑(zheng)有叔(shu)詹(zhan)、堵叔(shu)、师(shi)叔(shu)”,先言(yan)詹(zhan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)詹(zhan)最贵也(ye)(ye)。且传(chuan)称郑(zheng)不(bu)朝(chao)(chao)也(ye)(ye),以君不(bu)朝(chao)(chao)而詹(zhan)被执(zhi),明詹(zhan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)执(zhi)政大(da)臣,为(wei)(wei)不(bu)道君使(shi)(shi)朝(chao)(chao),故(gu)执(zhi)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若詹(zhan)不(bu)至(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),则无(wu)由(you)被执(zhi)。知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)诣齐(qi)(qi)(qi)见执(zhi),盖聘齐(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。昭八年(nian),楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)陈(chen)行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)干(gan)徵师(shi),杀(sha)之(zhi)。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“罪不(bu)在行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”无(wu)罪乃(nai)称行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),知(zhi)不(bu)称行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),罪之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。襄十(shi)一(yi)年(nian),楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)郑(zheng)行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)良霄(xiao)。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“书(shu)曰(yue)(yue)‘行人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’,言(yan)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)罪也(ye)(ye)。书(shu)曰(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)仲尼新意(yi),故(gu)指以为(wei)(wei)例(li)也(ye)(ye)。执(zhi)诸侯(hou),有称人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)称侯(hou)之(zhi)异;执(zhi)大(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),悉皆称人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以执(zhi)之(zhi),为(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)贱故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。刘炫(xuan)以此注(zhu)云“诣齐(qi)(qi)(qi)见执(zhi)”,《释(shi)例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)“詹(zhan)本非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)出使(shi)(shi)”,谓(wei)二者(zhe)(zhe)自相矛盾。今知(zhi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)以郑(zheng)不(bu)朝(chao)(chao)而责於郑(zheng),郑(zheng)令詹(zhan)请齐(qi)(qi)(qi)谢(xie)罪,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)执(zhi)之(zhi),故(gu)《释(shi)例(li)》云元非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)出聘之(zhi)使(shi)(shi)。《集解》云“诣齐(qi)(qi)(qi)被执(zhi)”,二文虽异,事实同耳。刘炫(xuan)不(bu)寻此意(yi),乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)规(gui)过(guo),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。
夏,齐人歼于遂。歼,尽也。齐人戍遂,玩而无备,遂人讨而尽杀之,故时史因以自尽为文。
○歼,子廉反(fan)。玩,五乱反(fan)。而(er)尽,津忍反(fan)。
[疏]注(zhu)“歼尽(jin)”至“为文(wen)(wen)”。正义曰(yue):“歼,尽(jin)也(ye)”,《释诂(gu)》文(wen)(wen),舍人(ren)曰(yue):“歼,众之(zhi)尽(jin)也(ye)。”时(shi)史(shi)恶其轻敌(di),而以自(zi)尽(jin)为文(wen)(wen),罪齐戍也(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“齐人(ren)歼于遂,郑(zheng)弃其师,亦(yi)时(shi)史(shi)即事以安文(wen)(wen),或(huo)从(cong)赴辞(ci),故传亦(yi)不显明义例也(ye)。”
秋,郑詹自齐逃来。无传。詹不能伏节守死以解国患,而遁逃苟免,书逃以贱之。
○遁,徒(tu)逊(xun)反(fan)。
[疏]注“詹不”至“贱之”。
○正义曰:伏节守(shou)死以解(jie)国(guo)患,当如昭元年叔孙豹之居位待罪也。逃,若匹夫逃窜,故云(yun)“书(shu)逃以贱之”。郑(zheng)詹自齐逃来,过鲁而后归(gui)郑(zheng),故书(shu)之。
冬,多麋。无传。麋多则害五稼,故以灾书。
○麋,亡悲反。
[疏]注“麋多”至“灾书”。
○正义曰(yue):麋是泽兽,鲁(lu)所常有(you),是年暴多(duo),多(duo)则害五稼,故(gu)言多(duo),以灾(zai)书也。
【传】“十七(qi)年,春,齐人执郑(zheng)詹”,郑(zheng)不(bu)朝也(ye)。
夏,遂因氏、颌氏、工娄氏、须遂氏飨齐戍,醉而杀之,齐人歼焉。飨,酒食也。四族,遂之彊宗。齐灭遂,戍之,在十三年。
○颌(he),乌纳反。又苦(ku)答反。娄(lou),力侯(hou)反。飨(xiang),本作享。
【经(jing)】十(shi)有八年(nian),春,王三月,日有食之。(无传(chuan)。不书日,官失之。)
[疏]十八年注“不书日,官失之”。
○正义曰:经亦无(wu)朔(shuo)字,当云不(bu)书(shu)朔(shuo)与日,注不(bu)言朔(shuo),脱也。
夏,公(gong)追戎于济西。戎来侵(qin)鲁,公(gong)逐之於济水之西。
秋,有<或虫}。<或虫},短狐也。盖以含沙射人为灾。
○<或虫},本(ben)又作(zuo)蜮(yu),音(yin)或;《本(ben)草(cao)》谓(wei)之射工(gong)。短弧(hu)(hu),本(ben)又作(zuo)断,同,丁管(guan)反。弧(hu)(hu)又作(zuo)狐,音(yin)胡。射人,食亦反。
[疏]注“蜮短”至“为灾”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):《穀梁传》曰(yue)(yue):“<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)},射(she)人(ren)者也。”《洪范五(wu)行(xing)传》曰(yue)(yue):“<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)}如(ru)鳖,三(san)(san)足,生於南(nan)越(yue)。南(nan)越(yue)妇(fu)人(ren)多淫,故(gu)其地多<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)},淫女惑乱之(zhi)气所(suo)生也。”陆机(ji)《毛诗义疏》云:“<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)},短(duan)狐也,一(yi)名(ming)射(she)景,如(ru)鳖,三(san)(san)足,在(zai)江淮水(shui)中,人(ren)在(zai)岸上,景见水(shui)中,投人(ren)景则(ze)杀之(zhi),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)射(she)景,或(huo)(huo)谓含沙射(she)人(ren),入(ru)皮肌,其创如(ru)疥。”服虔(qian)云:“遍身濩濩,或(huo)(huo)或(huo)(huo)故(gu)为灾(zai)。”沈氏云:“此有<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)},传重发例(li)者,以螟螽(zhong)与蜚同是(shi)害(hai)禾稼,此<或(huo)(huo)虫(chong)}则(ze)害(hai)人(ren),故(gu)传特(te)发之(zhi)。”
冬,十月。
【传】十八年,春,虢公、晋侯朝王,王飨醴,命之宥。(王之觐群后,始则行飨礼,先置醴酒,示不忘古。饮宴则命以币物。宥,助也,所以助欢敬之意,言备设。
○醴,音(yin)礼。宥音(yin)又。)
[疏]注“王之”至“备设”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):“王飨(xiang)(xiang)醴(li)(li)(li)(li),命(ming)之(zhi)宥(you)(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),王为之(zhi)设(she)飨(xiang)(xiang)礼(li),置(zhi)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),命(ming)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币物(wu),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)助(zhu)欢也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“宥(you)(you),助(zhu)”,《释诂(gu)》文。《周礼(li)·掌客》,王待诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)礼(li),上公(gong)三(san)飨(xiang)(xiang)三(san)食(shi)三(san)燕,侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯三(san)飨(xiang)(xiang)再食(shi)再燕,子男壹(yi)飨(xiang)(xiang)壹(yi)食(shi)壹(yi)燕。三(san)礼(li)先(xian)言(yan)飨(xiang)(xiang),是(shi)王之(zhi)觐(jin)群后,始则(ze)行飨(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《酒(jiu)(jiu)正》辨五齐之(zhi)名,一曰(yue)泛(fan)齐,二(er)曰(yue)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)齐,三(san)曰(yue)盎齐,四曰(yue)醍(ti)齐,五曰(yue)沈(shen)齐。郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“泛(fan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而滓(zi)浮泛(fan)泛(fan)然(ran)。醴(li)(li)(li)(li)犹体也(ye)(ye)(ye),成而汁滓(zi)相(xiang)将,如今恬酒(jiu)(jiu)矣。盎犹翁(weng)也(ye)(ye)(ye),成而翁(weng)翁(weng)然(ran),葱白(bai)色。缇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而红赤。沈(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成而滓(zi)沈(shen),如今造清矣。自醴(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上尢(wang)浊。”然(ran)则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)尢(wang)浊,故(gu)先(xian)置(zhi)之(zhi),示(shi)不(bu)(bu)忘古也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“燔(fan)黍捭豚”,下即云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燔(fan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)炙(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为醴(li)(li)(li)(li)酪”,是(shi)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu)在先(xian)而有,故(gu)曰(yue)先(xian)置(zhi)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)酒(jiu)(jiu),云(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)忘古也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗·序》曰(yue):“《鹿鸣》,燕群臣嘉宾也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)饮(yin)食(shi)之(zhi),又实币帛筐(kuang)篚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)将其(qi)厚意(yi)。”《聘礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“若不(bu)(bu)亲食(shi),使(shi)大(da)夫朝服致之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侑币致飨(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酬币,亦如之(zhi)。”是(shi)飨(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)有酬币也(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li),主(zhu)人(ren)酌(zhuo)酒(jiu)(jiu)於宾曰(yue)“献(xian)”,宾答主(zhu)人(ren)曰(yue)“酢(zuo)”,主(zhu)人(ren)又酌(zhuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)酬宾曰(yue)“酬”,谓之(zhi)酬币,盖(gai)於酬酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)时赐之(zhi)币也(ye)(ye)(ye),所赐之(zhi)物(wu),即下“玉(yu)”、“马”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传称(cheng)飨(xiang)(xiang)醴(li)(li)(li)(li)、命(ming)宥(you)(you),言(yan)其(qi)备设(she)盛礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此注(zhu)命(ming)之(zhi)宥(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)在下以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)币物(wu)宥(you)(you)助(zhu)。僖二(er)十八(ba)年“命(ming)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)宥(you)(you)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“命(ming)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)助(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)束帛,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)将厚意(yi)。”皆命(ming),不(bu)(bu)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彼(bi)有命(ming)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)事故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
皆赐玉五瑴,马三匹。非礼也。双玉为瑴。
○瑴音角,字又(you)作钰(yu)。
[疏]注“双玉为瑴”。
○正义曰:《苍颉篇》“瑴”作(zuo)“钰”,双玉(yu)(yu)为瑴,故字从两玉(yu)(yu)。
王命诸侯,名位不同,礼亦异数,不以礼假人。侯而与公同赐,是借人礼。
○借,子(zi)夜反。
[疏]注“侯而”至“人礼”。
○正义曰:虢(guo)君不知(zhi)何爵,称公,谓为三公也(ye)。《周礼》,王之三公八命,侯伯七命,是(shi)其名位不同也(ye),其礼各(ge)以(yi)命数(shu)为节,是(shi)礼亦异数(shu)也(ye)。今侯而与(yu)公同赐,是(shi)借(jie)人礼也(ye)。假(jia)、借(jie)同义,取者假(jia)为上声,借(jie)为入(ru)声;与(yu)者假(jia)、借(jie)皆为去声。
虢公、晋侯、郑伯使原庄公逆王后于陈。陈妫归于京师,虢、晋朝王,郑伯又以齐执其卿,故求王为援,皆在周,倡义为王定昏。陈人敬从。得同姓宗国之礼,故传详其事。不书,不告。
○为王,于伪反。实惠后(hou)(hou),陈妫后(hou)(hou)号(hao)惠后(hou)(hou),宠爱少(shao)子,乱周(zhou)室,事(shi)在僖二十(shi)四年,故传於(wu)此并正其后(hou)(hou)称。
夏,公追(zhui)戎于济西。不(bu)言(yan)其来,讳之(zhi)也(ye)。戎来侵鲁(lu),鲁(lu)人(ren)不(bu)知,去乃追(zhui)之(zhi),故讳不(bu)言(yan)其来。
[疏]注“戎来”至“其来”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):传例,有钟鼓曰(yue)(yue)伐,无(wu)曰(yue)(yue)侵。戎之来也,鲁人不(bu)知(zhi),宜无(wu)钟鼓,故(gu)故(gu)以侵言之。《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“戎之入鲁,鲁人不(bu)知(zhi),去而远追,又(you)无(wu)其获。边竟不(bu)备,候不(bu)在(zai)疆(jiang),所(suo)以为(wei)讳(hui)(hui)。讳(hui)(hui)此君之阙,亦所(suo)以示戒(jie)将来之君也。”
秋,有蜮,为灾也。
初,楚武王克权,使斗缗尹之。权,国名,南郡当阳县东南有权城。斗缗。楚大夫。
○缗(min),亡巾反。
[疏]“斗缗尹之”。
○正义(yi)曰:尹(yin)训正也。楚官多以尹(yin)为(wei)(wei)名,此(ci)灭权为(wei)(wei)邑,使缗为(wei)(wei)长,故(gu)曰尹(yin)也。
以叛,围而杀之。缗以权叛。
○以叛,绝句;本或作畔,俗字也。迁权於那处,那处,楚地,南郡编县东南有那口城。
○那处,那又作再阝,同,乃多反;下昌吕反,又昌虑反。编,必绵反,一音步典反。使阎敖尹之。阎敖,楚大夫。及文王即位,与巴人伐申而惊其师。惊巴师。巴人叛楚而伐那处,取之,遂门于楚。攻楚城门。阎敖游涌而逸。涌水在南郡华容县。阎敖既不能守城,又游涌水而走。
○涌(yong)音(yin)勇,水(shui)名。楚(chu)子杀(sha)之。其族为乱。冬(dong),巴人因之以伐楚(chu)。
【经】十有九年,春,王正月。
夏,四月。
秋,公子结媵陈人之妇于鄄,遂及齐侯、宋公盟。无传。公子结,鲁大夫。《公羊》、《穀梁》皆以为鲁女媵陈侯之妇,其称陈人之妇,未入国,略言也。大夫出竟,有可以安社稷、利国家者,则专之可也。结在鄄闻齐、宋有会,权事之宜,去其本职,遂与二君为盟,故备书之。本非鲁公意,而又失媵陈之好,故冬各来伐。
○媵(ying),以证反,又绳证反,送也。竟音境。好,呼报反。
[疏]“十九年注公子”至“来伐”。
○正义曰:《公羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“媵(ying)(ying)者何?诸(zhu)侯娶一国(guo),则二国(guo)往(wang)媵(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。媵(ying)(ying)不(bu)书(shu),此(ci)(ci)(ci)何以(yi)(yi)书(shu)?为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其有遂事(shi)书(shu)。大(da)夫(fu)无(wu)遂事(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)其言(yan)遂何?聘礼(li),大(da)夫(fu)受命,不(bu)受辞,出竟有可以(yi)(yi)安社稷(ji)、利(li)国(guo)家者,则专(zhuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye)。”《穀梁(liang)(liang)》文虽(sui)不(bu)明,其意亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)。左氏(shi)无(wu)传(chuan),取彼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说,故(gu)(gu)云《公羊(yang)》、《穀梁(liang)(liang)》皆以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)媵(ying)(ying)陈(chen)(chen)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇。《穀梁(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》曰:“其曰陈(chen)(chen)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇,略之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)未入国(guo),略而不(bu)言(yan)陈(chen)(chen)侯夫(fu)人(ren)。成九年(nian),伯姬归于(yu)(yu)宋,晋(jin)、卫、齐(qi)三(san)国(guo)来媵(ying)(ying),然则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)媵(ying)(ying)者,皆送(song)(song)至嫁女(nv)(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从適而行。此(ci)(ci)(ci)鄄(juan)是卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)地,盖陈(chen)(chen)取卫女(nv)(nv)(nv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妇,鲁(lu)使(shi)公子(zi)结(jie)(jie)(jie)送(song)(song)媵(ying)(ying)向卫,至鄄(juan),闻齐(qi)、宋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui),将谋伐(fa)鲁(lu),故(gu)(gu)权事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,去其本职,不(bu)复送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)(nv)至卫,遂与二君会(hui)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)(gu)备书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)(nv)至鄄(juan),停女(nv)(nv)(nv)会(hui)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),鄄(juan)是盟(meng)(meng)(meng)处,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)于(yu)(yu)鄄(juan),非本期送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)(nv)使(shi)至鄄(juan)也(ye)。既盟(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),遂不(bu)复送(song)(song)女(nv)(nv)(nv)。其盟(meng)(meng)(meng)本非公意,又失媵(ying)(ying)陈(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao),故(gu)(gu)至冬而三(san)国(guo)来伐(fa)。结(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),於鲁(lu)无(wu)益(yi),故(gu)(gu)无(wu)嘉(jia)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。文八年(nian),冬,十月,壬午,公子(zi)遂会(hui)晋(jin)赵盾盟(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)衡雍。乙酉(you),公子(zi)遂会(hui)雒戎(rong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)(yu)暴。四日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,不(bu)容反报,亦是专(zhuan)命而盟(meng)(meng)(meng),患(huan)难俱解,故(gu)(gu)再称名(ming)氏(shi),珍(zhen)而贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。与此(ci)(ci)(ci)异也(ye)。宣十二年(nian),宋华椒(jiao)(jiao)承(cheng)群伪(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)以(yi)(yi)误其国(guo),宋人(ren)被(bei)伐(fa)而贬(bian)华椒(jiao)(jiao)。今三(san)国(guo)伐(fa)鲁(lu),不(bu)贬(bian)公子(zi)结(jie)(jie)(jie)者,结(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),本欲(yu)安社稷(ji)、利(li)国(guo)家,与华椒(jiao)(jiao)事(shi)异,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)贬(bian)。
夫人(ren)姜氏如莒。无传。非父母(mu)国而往,书奸。
[疏]注“非父”至“书奸”。
○正义曰:此(ci)既无传(chuan),不(bu)知(zhi)何为如莒(ju)。妇人不(bu)以礼(li)出,为奸(jian)(jian),故曰书奸(jian)(jian)。
冬,齐人、宋(song)人、陈人伐(fa)我西鄙。无传。幽之盟(meng)鲁使(shi)微者会,鄄之盟(meng)又(you)使(shi)媵臣行(xing),所以受敌(di)。鄙,边邑(yi)。
【传】十九年,春,楚子御之,大败於津。(御巴人,为巴人所败。津,楚地,或曰江陵县有津乡。)还,鬻拳弗纳。遂伐黄,(鬻拳,楚大阍。黄,嬴姓国,今弋阳县。
○鬻音育(yu)。拳,求圆反(fan)。阍音昏,守门人也。嬴音盈,姓也,字从女。)
[疏]注“黄嬴姓”。
○正义(yi)曰:《世本》文。
败黄师于陵。陵,黄地。
○,在亦反,一音七略反。还,及湫,有疾。南郡鄀县东南有湫城。
○湫,子小反。鄀音若。夏,六月,庚申,卒。鬻拳葬诸夕室,夕室,地名。
○夕,朝夕之夕。亦自杀也,而葬於绖皇。绖皇,冢前阙。生守门,故死不失职。
○绖,田结反。绖皇(huang),阙也(ye)。
[疏]注“绖皇”至“失职”。
○正义曰:鬻拳自杀(sha)以(yi)殉(xun),当(dang)是(shi)近(jin)墓之地(di)。宣十四年传称楚子闻宋杀(sha)申丹,投袂而起,屦(ju)及於窒皇(huang),剑(jian)及於寝门(men)(men)之外。则窒皇(huang)近(jin)於门(men)(men)外,当(dang)是(shi)寝门(men)(men)阙(que)也(ye)(ye)。知此(ci)绖(die)皇(huang)亦(yi)是(shi)冢前阙(que)也(ye)(ye)。且此(ci)人生为(wei)大阍,职掌守门(men)(men),明(ming)此(ci)亦(yi)是(shi)守门(men)(men),示(shi)死不失(shi)职也(ye)(ye)。馀书无绖(die)皇(huang)之名,盖唯楚有此(ci)号也(ye)(ye)。
初,鬻拳强谏楚子,楚子弗从,临之以兵,惧而从之。鬻拳曰:“吾惧君以兵,罪莫大焉。”遂自刖也。楚人以为大阍,谓之大伯,若今城门校尉官。
○强,其丈(zhang)反。大伯音(yin)泰。校,户教(jiao)反,字从木(mu)。
[疏]“以为大阍,谓之大伯”。
○正义曰:《周(zhou)礼·天(tian)官》“阍(hun)人(ren)掌(zhang)守(shou)(shou)主宫之中门之禁(jin)”,郑玄(xuan)云:“阍(hun)人(ren),司(si)错晨以(yi)(yi)启闭(bi)者,刑(xing)人(ren)墨(mo)者使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)门。”《秋官·掌(zhang)戮》“墨(mo)者使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)门,刖者使(shi)(shi)(shi)守(shou)(shou)囿”。则阍(hun)不使(shi)(shi)(shi)刖,而(er)(er)鬻奉得为(wei)阍(hun)者,《周(zhou)礼·地官》之属有司(si)门,下大(da)夫二人(ren),掌(zhang)授管键以(yi)(yi)启闭(bi)国门,郑玄(xuan)云:“若今(jin)城(cheng)门校尉,主王城(cheng)十(shi)二门。”此注亦云“若今(jin)城(cheng)门校尉官”,然则鬻拳本是大(da)臣,楚人(ren)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)贤(xian)而(er)(er)使(shi)(shi)(shi)典此职(zhi),非(fei)为(wei)刑(xing)而(er)(er)役之。其(qi)(qi)为(wei)大(da)阍(hun)者,当(dang)如《地官》之司(si)门,非(fei)《天(tian)官》之阍(hun)人(ren),亦主晨昏开闭(bi),通以(yi)(yi)阍(hun)为(wei)名焉。谓之大(da)伯(bo)(bo),伯(bo)(bo),长也,为(wei)门官之长也。
使其(qi)后掌之(zhi)。使其(qi)子孙常主此官。君(jun)(jun)子曰:“鬻(yu)拳可谓爱君(jun)(jun)矣,谏以自纳於刑,刑犹不忘纳君(jun)(jun)於善。”言(yan)爱君(jun)(jun),明非臣法也。楚能尽其(qi)忠爱,所以兴。
[疏]注“言爱君,明非臣法也”。
○正义曰:何休《膏肓》云(yun):人臣谏君,非(fei)有(you)死亡之急(ji),而以兵(bing)临君,开絪(yin)弑之路(lu),左氏以为(wei)爱君。於义左氏为(wei)短。故注(zhu)言此(ci)以释(shi)何休之难。
初,王姚嬖于庄王,生子颓。王姚,庄王之妾也,姚姓也。
○姚,羊消反。嬖,必计反。颓,徒回也。子颓有宠,蒍国为之师。及惠王即位,周惠王,庄王孙。取蒍国之圃以为囿。圃,园也。囿,苑也。
○圃(pu),必古反,又音(yin)布。囿(you)音(yin)又。徐(xu),于自反。苑,於(wu)阮反。
[疏]注“圃,园也;囿,苑也”。
○正义曰:《冢宰职》云(yun)(yun):“园(yuan)圃(pu)毓草(cao)木。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun):“树果(guo)蓏(luo)曰圃(pu),园(yuan)其樊(fan)也。”《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“折柳樊(fan)圃(pu)”,成(cheng)十八年“筑鹿囿”。然则(ze)圃(pu)以蕃为之,所以树果(guo)蓏(luo);囿则(ze)筑墙为之,所以养禽兽(shou)。二者相类,故取圃(pu)为囿。
边伯之宫近於王宫,王取之。边伯,周大夫。
○近,附近之近。王夺子禽、祝跪与詹父田,三子,周大夫。
○跪,求委反。而收膳夫之秩,膳夫,石速也。秩,禄也。
○收,式周(zhou)反。故蒍国(guo)、边伯、石速、詹父(fu)、子禽、祝(zhu)跪作乱,因苏氏。苏氏,周(zhou)大夫,桓王夺(duo)其十二邑以(yi)与郑,自此以(yi)来遂不和。
秋,五大夫奉(feng)子(zi)颓以伐(fa)王,石(shi)速,士也(ye),故不在五大夫数。不克,出奔(ben)温。温,苏氏邑。苏子(zi)奉(feng)子(zi)颓以奔(ben)卫。卫师、燕师伐(fa)周(zhou)。燕,南燕。
冬,立子颓。
【经】二(er)十年,春,王二(er)月,夫人姜氏如莒。(无传(chuan)。)
夏(xia),齐(qi)大灾(zai)。无传。来告以大,故(gu)书。天火(huo)曰灾(zai),例(li)在宣十(shi)六年(nian)。
[疏]二十年注“来告”至“六年”。
○正义曰:襄九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)、三(san)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)宋灾,昭九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)陈灾,十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)宋、卫、陈、郑灾,皆不(bu)言(yan)大(da),知此来(lai)告以大(da),故书(shu)大(da)也。
秋,七月。
冬,齐人(ren)伐戎。无传。
【传】二十年,春,郑伯和王室,不克。(克,能也。)执燕仲父。(燕仲父,南燕伯,为伐周故。
○为伐,于伪(wei)反,下文同。)
[疏]注“燕仲父南燕伯”。
○正义曰:《谱》亦云南燕伯爵(jue),不知(zhi)所出。服(fu)虔亦云南燕伯爵(jue)。
夏,郑伯遂以王归,王处于栎。秋,王及郑伯入于邬。邬,王所取郑邑。
○邬,乌苦反。遂入成周,取其宝器而还。冬,王子颓享五大夫乐及徧舞。皆舞六代之乐。
○徧音遍。
[疏]注“皆舞六代之乐”。
○正义曰(yue):言乐(le)及(ji)徧(bian)舞(wu),则(ze)(ze)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)有,舞(wu)悉周(zhou)徧(bian),故知皆舞(wu)六代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)》大(da)(da)(da)(da)司乐(le)以(yi)(yi)乐(le)舞(wu)教国子,舞(wu)《云门》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)磬》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》。郑玄云,此周(zhou)所(suo)存六代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传记所(suo)说(shuo)《云门》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)》,黄(huang)帝也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)》,尧也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)韶》,舜也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》,禹也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩》,汤也(ye)(ye)(ye);《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》,周(zhou)武王也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是为六代(dai)。奏(zou)黄(huang)锺,歌(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)吕,舞(wu)《云门》,以(yi)(yi)祀(si)天(tian)神;奏(zou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟,歌(ge)应钟,舞(wu)《咸(xian)池》,以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)地(di)示(shi);奏(zou)姑洗(xi),歌(ge)南吕,舞(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)磬》,以(yi)(yi)祀(si)四望;奏(zou)蕤宾,歌(ge)林钟,舞(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏》,以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)山(shan)川;奏(zou)夷则(ze)(ze),歌(ge)中吕,舞(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩》,以(yi)(yi)享(xiang)先(xian)妣;奏(zou)无射,歌(ge)夹钟,舞(wu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》,以(yi)(yi)享(xiang)先(xian)祖。
郑伯闻之,见虢叔,叔,虢公字。曰:“寡人闻之:哀乐失时,殃咎必至。今王子颓歌舞不倦,乐祸也。夫司寇行戮,司寇,刑官。
○乐音洛。殃咎,上於度反,下巨九反。君为之不举,去盛馔。
○去(qu),起吕反(fan)。馔,仕眷反(fan)。
[疏]注“去盛馔”。
○正义(yi)曰:《周(zhou)礼(li)·膳(shan)夫职》曰:“王(wang)日一(yi)举(ju)(ju),鼎十有二物(wu),皆(jie)有俎,以乐侑食(shi)。大(da)(da)丧则不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju),大(da)(da)荒(huang)则不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju),大(da)(da)札则不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju),天地有灾(zai)则不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju),邦有大(da)(da)故则不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)。”郑玄云(yun):“杀牲盛馔曰举(ju)(ju)。”襄二十六年传曰:“古之治民者,将刑(xing),为之不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju),不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)则彻乐。”是不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)者,贬膳(shan)食(shi),彻声乐也。
而况敢乐祸乎?奸王之位,祸孰大焉?临祸忘忧,忧必及之。盍纳王乎?”虢公曰:“寡人之愿也。”
○奸音干。盍,胡猎反,何不也。
【经】二十有(you)一年,春,王正月。
夏,五月,辛酉,郑(zheng)伯突卒。十(shi)六年,与鲁大(da)夫盟(meng)于(yu)幽。
秋,七月,戊戌,夫人姜氏薨。无传。薨寝祔姑,赴於诸侯,故具小君礼书之。
○祔音附。
[疏]二十(shi)一年(nian)注“薨寝”至“书之”。正义(yi)曰:经无所阙(que),礼具可(ke)知,杜为(wei)此注者(zhe),以先(xian)儒(ru)之说使庄公绝母(mu)子之亲(qin),故(gu)於(wu)此明之,知母(mu)子不绝。下葬(zang)注亦(yi)然(ran)。
冬,十有二月,葬郑厉(li)公。无传。八月葬,缓(huan)慢也。
【传】二十一年,春,胥命于弭。夏,同伐王城。(郑、虢相命,弭,郑地。
○弭,面尔反。)郑伯将王自圉门入,虢叔自北门入,杀王子颓及五大夫。郑伯享王于阙西辟,乐备。(阙,象魏也。乐备,备六代之乐。
○圉,鱼吕反。辟,蒲历反。)
[疏]注“阙象魏也”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):定(ding)二年(nian),雉门(men)及(ji)两(liang)(liang)观(guan)灾,注云:“两(liang)(liang)观(guan),阙(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《礼运(yun)》云:“昔(xi)者仲尼与於蜡宾,事毕,出游於观(guan)之(zhi)上。”郑(zheng)玄云:“观(guan),阙(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释宫》云:“观(guan),谓之(zhi)阙(que)。”郭璞云:“宫门(men)双(shuang)阙(que)。”《周礼·大宰》“正月之(zhi)吉,县治象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)法(fa)于象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei),使万民观(guan)治象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”,郑(zheng)玄云:“象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei),阙(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”哀三年(nian)鲁(lu)灾,传称季(ji)桓子御公立于象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei)之(zhi)外,命藏象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei),曰(yue)(yue):“旧(jiu)章不可(ke)亡也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”由(you)此(ci)言之(zhi),则(ze)观(guan)阙(que)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei),其事一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘熙(xi)《释名》云:“阙(que),在门(men)两(liang)(liang)旁(pang),中央阙(que)然,为道也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然则(ze)其上县法(fa)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),其状(zhuang)巍巍然高大谓之(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)魏(wei)(wei),使人观(guan)之(zhi),谓之(zhi)观(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。阙(que)西(xi)(xi)(xi)辟(pi)者,辟(pi)是旁(pang)侧之(zhi)语也(ye)(ye)(ye)。服虔(qian)云:“西(xi)(xi)(xi)辟(pi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)偏(pian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”当谓两(liang)(liang)观(guan)之(zhi)内(nei)道之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
王与之武公之略,自虎牢以东。略,界也。郑武公傅平王,平王赐之自虎牢以东,后失其地,故惠王今复与之。虎牢,河南成皋县。
○复,扶又反。
[疏]注“略界”至“皋县”。
○正义曰(yue):《孟子》云(yun):“仁政必自经界(jie)始(shi)(shi)。”昭七年传(chuan)曰(yue):“天子经略(lve)(lve),诸侯(hou)正封(feng)(feng),封(feng)(feng)略(lve)(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),何非君土。”《孟子》经界(jie)即传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)经略(lve)(lve)。且云(yun)“封(feng)(feng)略(lve)(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)”,封(feng)(feng)是竟(jing),则知(zhi)略(lve)(lve)是界(jie)也。武公(gong),东郑之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)君也。言武公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)略(lve)(lve),则是武公(gong)旧竟(jing),若其由来不失(shi)(shi),不须今日(ri)复(fu)与,故知(zhi)后失(shi)(shi)其地(di),惠王(wang)今复(fu)与之(zhi)(zhi)。隐十一年,王(wang)取邬、刘、蒍、邘之(zhi)(zhi)田于郑,盖桓王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)世失(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
原伯曰:“郑伯效尤,其亦将有咎!”原伯,原庄公也。言效子颓舞徧乐。
○效,户教反。徧音遍。五月,郑厉公卒。王巡虢守。巡守於虢国也。天子省方,谓之巡守。
○守音狩(shou)(shou),本或作狩(shou)(shou),后放(fang)此(ci),注(zhu)同。
[疏]注“巡守”至“巡守”。
○正义曰(yue):《孟子》云:“诸侯朝天(tian)子曰(yue)述(shu)职,天(tian)子適诸侯曰(yue)巡守(shou)”。守(shou)者(zhe),守(shou)也。言诸侯为天(tian)子守(shou)土,天(tian)子时(shi)巡行之(zhi)。《易》称“后不省方”,故云“天(tian)子省方,谓之(zhi)巡守(shou)”。
虢公为王宫于玤,玤,虢地。
○玤,蒲顶反。王与之酒泉。酒泉,周邑。郑伯之享王也,王以后之鞶鉴予之。后,王后也。鞶,带而以鉴为饰也。今西方羌胡犹然,古之遗服。
○鞶,步干反(fan)(fan),又蒲(pu)官反(fan)(fan),绅(shen)带也(ye)。鉴,工暂反(fan)(fan),镜(jing)也(ye)。
[疏]注“后王”至“遗服”。
○正(zheng)义曰:鞶是(shi)(shi)带(dai)也,鉴是(shi)(shi)镜也,此(ci)与定六年传皆鞶鉴双言,则(ze)鞶鉴一物(wu),故知以镜饰带(dai),举今(jin)羌(qiang)胡(hu)之(zhi)服以明之(zhi)。
虢公请器,王予之爵。爵,饮酒器。郑伯由是始恶於王。为僖二十四年郑执王使张本。
○恶,乌(wu)路反(fan),又如(ru)字。使(shi),所吏(li)反(fan)。
[疏]“虢公”至“於王”。
○正义曰:郑伯谓厉公子文(wen)公也。服虔(qian)云:鞶鉴,王后妇(fu)人之(zhi)物,非所(suo)以赐(ci)有功(gong)。爵,饮酒器,玉爵也,一升曰爵。爵,人之(zhi)所(suo)贵者,言(yan)郑伯以其父得赐(ci),不如虢公,为是始恶於王,积而(er)成怨,僖二十四(si)年(nian),遂执王使,此为彼张本(ben)。
冬,王(wang)归(gui)自虢。传(chuan)言王(wang)之偏也(ye)。
【经】二十二年,春,王正月,肆大眚。(无传。赦有罪也。《易》称“赦过宥罪”,《书》称“眚灾肆赦”,传称“肆眚围郑”,皆放赦罪人,荡涤众故,以新其心。有时而用之,非制所常,故书。
○眚,所景反。荡(dang)音荡(dang),本又作荡(dang)。涤(di),徒历(li)反。)
[疏]二十二年注“赦有”至“故书”。
○正义(yi)曰:“肆(si)大(da)(da)(da)眚(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),肆(si),缓(huan)也(ye);眚(sheng),过(guo)(guo)也(ye)。缓(huan)纵大(da)(da)(da)过(guo)(guo),是赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)犹(you)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),则小罪(zui)(zui)(zui)亦赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),犹(you)今赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)书(shu)大(da)(da)(da)辟罪(zui)(zui)(zui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下悉皆原(yuan)免也(ye)。《易·解(jie)(jie)卦·象》云:“雷(lei)雨(yu)作,解(jie)(jie)。君子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)过(guo)(guo)宥罪(zui)(zui)(zui)。”解(jie)(jie)卦坎下震(zhen)上(shang),震(zhen)为(wei)雷(lei),坎为(wei)雨(yu),雷(lei)动(dong)雨(yu)下,而万(wan)物解(jie)(jie)散,故(gu)(gu)君子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)卦象,而放赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)过(guo)(guo)、宽宥罪(zui)(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。《书(shu)》称“眚(sheng)灾肆(si)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)”,《舜(shun)(shun)典》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。孔安国(guo)(guo)云:“眚(sheng),过(guo)(guo)。灾,害。肆(si),缓(huan)也(ye)。过(guo)(guo)而有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害,当缓(huan)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”“肆(si)眚(sheng)围郑”,襄九年传(chuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)言(yan)肆(si)眚(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe),皆是放赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren),荡涤(di)众故(gu)(gu),除其(qi)瑕秽(hui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)新其(qi)心(xin)也(ye)。必其(qi)国(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)患(huan),非(fei)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)解(jie)(jie),或(huo)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嘉庆,须(xu)(xu)布大(da)(da)(da)恩,如是乃行(xing)此(ci)(ci)事。故(gu)(gu)《释例》曰:“天(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)时,得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成岁(sui)。雷(lei)霆(ting)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)振之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),霜雪(xue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),春(chun)阳以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),云雨(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)润之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)能相育也(ye)。天(tian)且弗(fu)违,而况於人(ren)(ren)(ren)乎!物不(bu)(bu)可终‘否’,故(gu)(gu)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)‘同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)’。同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)也(ye)。解(jie)(jie)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至结(jie),成天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亹亹,肆(si)大(da)(da)(da)眚(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)。尧曰:‘咨!尔(er)舜(shun)(shun)!有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)不(bu)(bu)敢赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。’所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)待革命,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时而用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)制所常,故(gu)(gu)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”杜(du)唯言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)时何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。《穀梁传(chuan)》曰:“肆(si)大(da)(da)(da)眚(sheng),为(wei)嫌天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)也(ye)”。其(qi)意言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),不(bu)(bu)合(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼而葬(zang)。若不(bu)(bu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),不(bu)(bu)复书(shu)葬(zang),嫌天(tian)子(zi)(zi)许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)而后(hou)得葬(zang),故(gu)(gu)为(wei)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)。贾(jia)逵以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)为(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),故(gu)(gu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)而后(hou)葬(zang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说(shuo)臣子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。鲁大(da)(da)(da)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)国(guo)(guo)中罪(zui)(zui)(zui)过(guo)(guo),欲令(ling)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)(guo)因(yin)是得除,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葬(zang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)。杜(du)不(bu)(bu)明说(shuo),要(yao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)出(chu)奔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,尚称夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),未尝(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)贬,何须(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?此(ci)(ci)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)必不(bu)(bu)为(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)。但(dan)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)去年七月(yue)薨,十(shi)一月(yue)则当合(he)葬(zang),乃至此(ci)(ci)年正月(yue)经七月(yue)始葬(zang),如此(ci)(ci)迟缓(huan),必是国(guo)(guo)家有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)事,须(xu)(xu)赦(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但(dan)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)所由耳(er)。
癸丑,葬我(wo)小君(jun)(jun)文(wen)姜。无传。反哭成丧,故称小君(jun)(jun)。
陈人杀其公子御寇。宣公太子也。陈人恶其杀太子之名,故不称君父以国讨公子告。
○御音御,本亦作御。恶,乌路反。
[疏]注“宣公”至“子告”。
○正义曰(yue):传言大子(zi)(zi),必是大子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。僖(xi)五(wu)年,晋侯杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)世子(zi)(zi)申生(sheng)(sheng),称君、称世子(zi)(zi),此不(bu)然者,《释例》曰(yue):“古(gu)者讨杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)大夫(fu),各以(yi)(yi)罪(zui)(zui)状(zhuang)宣告(gao)(gao)(gao)诸侯,所以(yi)(yi)惩(cheng)不(bu)义,重刑戮也(ye)。晋侯使以(yi)(yi)杀(sha)大子(zi)(zi)申生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)故来告(gao)(gao)(gao),卫(wei)杀(sha)孔达,传载其(qi)(qi)辞(ci),辞(ci)虽有临时之(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang),其(qi)(qi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)则(ze)常也(ye)。”然则(ze)杀(sha)大夫(fu)、公子(zi)(zi),当(dang)以(yi)(yi)罪(zui)(zui)状(zhuang)告(gao)(gao)(gao)人。此传不(bu)说御寇之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui),则(ze)陈(chen)人不(bu)以(yi)(yi)罪(zui)(zui)告(gao)(gao)(gao);而经书公子(zi)(zi),是恶杀(sha)大子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)名,故不(bu)称君父,以(yi)(yi)国(guo)讨公子(zi)(zi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)。
夏,五月。
[疏]“夏五月”。
○正义曰:《释(shi)例》曰:“年(nian)之四时,虽或无(wu)(wu)事,必空(kong)书首月,以(yi)纪时变,以(yi)明历数。庄公独(du)称(cheng)‘夏五月’,及经四时有不具者,丘明无(wu)(wu)文,皆阙缪也。”
秋,七月(yue),丙申,及齐(qi)高(gao)(gao)傒(xi)(xi)盟于防。无传。高(gao)(gao)傒(xi)(xi),齐(qi)之贵卿(qing),而与鲁之微者(zhe)盟,齐(qi)桓谦接诸侯,以(yi)崇(chong)霸业。
冬,公如齐纳币。无传。公不使卿而亲纳币,非礼也。母丧未再期而图昏,二传不见所讥,左氏又无传,失礼明故。
○见,贤遍反,又如(ru)字。
[疏]注“公不”至“明故”。
○正义(yi)曰:《释例》曰:“宋公(gong)使(shi)华元来(lai)聘,聘不(bu)(bu)应(ying)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),故传但言(yan)聘共姬也(ye)(ye);使(shi)公(gong)孙寿来(lai)纳币,纳币应(ying)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),故传明言(yan)其得礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。”是纳币当(dang)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),公(gong)不(bu)(bu)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing),亲(qin)纳币,非礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。
【传】二十二年,春,陈人杀其大子御寇,(传称太子,以实言。)陈公子完与颛孙奔齐。(公子完,颛孙,皆御寇之党。
○颛音专。)颛孙自齐来奔。(不书,非卿。)齐侯使敬仲为卿,(敬仲,陈公子完。)辞曰:“羁旅之臣,(羁,寄也。旅,客也。)幸若获宥,及於宽政,(宥,赦也。)赦其不闲於教训,而免於罪戾,弛於负担,(弛,去离也。
○弛,失氏反。担,丁暂反。离,力智反。)君之惠也,所获多矣。敢辱高位,以速官谤?(敢,不敢也。
○谤,布浪反。)请以死告。(以死自誓。)《诗》云:‘翘翘车乘,招我以弓,岂不欲往?畏我友朋。’”(逸《诗》也。翘翘,远貌。古者聘士以弓,言虽贪显命,惧为朋友所讥责。
○翘,祁尧反。乘,绳证反。)使为工正。(掌百工之官。)饮桓公酒,乐。(齐桓贤之,故就其家会,据主人之辞。故言饮桓公酒。
○饮(yin),於鸩(zhen)反,注同(tong)。乐音洛,下注同(tong)。)
[疏]注“齐桓”至“公酒”。
○正义曰:春秋之世,设享礼以召君者(zhe),皆大臣擅宠,如卫(wei)公(gong)叔文子、宋桓(huan)魋(tui)之徒始为(wei)(wei)之耳(er),为(wei)(wei)之非礼法也(ye)。敬仲,羁(ji)旅(lv)之臣,且知礼者(zhe)也(ye),必不召公(gong)临己,知是桓(huan)公(gong)贤(xian)之,自就其家会也(ye)。据(ju)敬仲为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)人辞(ci),故言饮公(gong)酒耳(er)。
公曰:“以火继之。”辞(ci)曰:“臣卜(bu)其昼,未卜(bu)其夜,不(bu)敢!”
[疏]“臣卜”至“不敢”。
○正义曰:服(fu)虔(qian)云:“臣(chen)将(jiang)享君,必卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi),示戒慎也。”此桓公自就其家,非敬仲发心请(qing)享,不得言将(jiang)享必卜(bu)也。盖桓公告其往日(ri),乃卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。言未卜(bu)其夜者,《诗(shi)》云:“厌(yan)(yan)厌(yan)(yan)夜饮(yin),在(zai)宗载考。”郑玄云:考,成也。夜饮(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)礼,在(zai)宗室同(tong)姓(xing)则成,於庶姓(xing)让之(zhi)(zhi)则止(zhi),引此敬仲之(zhi)(zhi)事,云此之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)不成。是言敬仲非齐同(tong)姓(xing),故不敢也。
君子曰:“酒以成礼,不继以淫,义也;夜饮为淫乐。以君成礼,弗纳於淫,仁也”。初,懿氏卜妻敬仲。懿氏,陈大夫。龟曰卜。
○妻,七计(ji)反。
[疏]注“龟曰卜”。
○正义曰:《曲礼(li)》文也(ye)。《周礼(li)》:“大卜(bu)掌(zhang)三(san)兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法:一曰玉兆(zhao),二(er)(er)(er)曰瓦兆(zhao),三(san)曰原(yuan)(yuan)兆(zhao)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)经兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体,皆百(bai)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)十,其(qi)(qi)(qi)颂皆千有(you)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)。”郑玄云:“兆(zhao)者(zhe),灼龟发於(wu)火,其(qi)(qi)(qi)形可(ke)占者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)象似玉、瓦、原(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亹鏬,是用名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉。原(yuan)(yuan),原(yuan)(yuan)田(tian)也(ye)。颂,谓(wei)繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)也(ye),每体十繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”然则卜(bu)人(ren)(ren)所占之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu),古人(ren)(ren)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)视(shi)兆(zhao)而作(zuo),出於(wu)临(lin)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占,或(huo)(huo)是旧(jiu)辞(ci)(ci),或(huo)(huo)是新造,犹(you)如筮(shi)者(zhe)引《周易》,或(huo)(huo)别造辞(ci)(ci),卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci)(ci),未必皆在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)颂千有(you)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中也(ye)。此传(chuan)(chuan)“凤凰于(yu)飞”下(xia)尽“莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与京”;襄十年传(chuan)(chuan)称卫卜(bu)御寇,姜氏问繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),曰“兆(zhao)如山陵,有(you)夫出征,而丧其(qi)(qi)(qi)雄”;哀九年传(chuan)(chuan)称晋(jin)赵鞅卜(bu)救(jiu)郑,遇(yu)水適(shi)火,史龟曰“是谓(wei)沈阳(yang),可(ke)以(yi)兴(xing)兵,利以(yi)伐姜,不利子商”,三(san)者(zhe)皆是繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci)(ci),其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)韵,则繇(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)辞(ci)(ci)法当韵也(ye)。郭璞撰自所卜(bu)事,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“辞(ci)(ci)林”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)皆韵,习於(wu)古也(ye)。
其妻占之,曰:“吉!懿氏妻。是谓‘凤皇于飞,和鸣锵锵。雄曰凤,雌曰皇。雄雌俱飞,相和而鸣锵锵然,犹敬仲夫妻相随適齐,有声誉。
○和,如(ru)字,又户卧(wo)反(fan),注同。锵,七羊反(fan),本又作将将。
[疏]注“雄曰”至“声誉”。
○正义曰(yue):《释鸟(niao)》云:“鶠(yan)、凤(feng)(feng),其雌(ci)皇。”郭璞云:“瑞(rui)应鸟(niao)。”《说文(wen)》云:“凤(feng)(feng),神鸟(niao)也。天老(lao)曰(yue):凤(feng)(feng)之象也,鸿(hong)前麟后(hou),蛇颈鱼尾(wei),鹳颡鸳(yuan)思,龙(long)文(wen)龟(gui)背,燕颔(han)鸡喙,五色备举,出於东方君子之国,翱翔四(si)海之外,过昆仑,饮(yin)砥柱,濯(zhuo)羽弱水,莫(mo)宿丹(dan)穴(xue),见则天下大安宁。从(cong)鸟(niao),凡声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。凤(feng)(feng)飞(fei)则群鸟(niao)从(cong)之以万(wan)数(shu),故古文(wen)凤(feng)(feng)作朋字。”《山海经》云:“丹(dan)穴(xue)之山有(you)鸟(niao)焉,其状(zhuang)(zhuang)如(ru)鹤,五采而文(wen),名曰(yue)凤(feng)(feng)皇;首文(wen)曰(yue)德,翼文(wen)曰(yue)顺,背文(wen)曰(yue)义,膺文(wen)曰(yue)仁,腹文(wen)曰(yue)信。是鸟(niao)也,饮(yin)食则自(zi)(zi)歌自(zi)(zi)舞。”是说凤(feng)(feng)皇之状(zhuang)(zhuang)也。凤(feng)(feng)皇雄雌(ci)俱(ju)飞(fei),喻(yu)敬仲夫妻相随。锵锵,鸣之声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故以喻(yu)有(you)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)誉也。
有妫之后,将育于姜。妫,陈姓。姜,齐姓。五世其昌,并于正卿。八世之后,莫之与京’。”京,大也。
○并于,本或作“并为”,误。
[疏]“五世”至“与京”。
○正义曰:五世其(qi)昌(chang),言其(qi)始(shi)昌(chang)盛也(ye)。并(bing)于正卿,位与卿并(bing)得(de)为上大(da)夫也(ye)。莫之(zhi)与京(jing),谓(wei)无与之(zhi)比大(da),言其(qi)位最高也(ye)。五世、八世当是(shi)卜兆(zhao)之(zhi)间有(you)其(qi)象。传言其(qi)占之(zhi)辞,不言其(qi)知之(zhi)意,固非后(hou)学所(suo)得(de)详之(zhi)。
陈厉公(gong),蔡出也,姊妹之子曰出。
[疏]注“姊妹之子曰出”。
○正义曰:《释(shi)亲》云:“男子谓姊妹(mei)之子为出。”言姊妹(mei)出嫁而生子也。
故蔡人杀五父而立之。五父,陈佗也。杀陈佗在桓六年。
○佗,大多反。生敬仲。其少也,周史有以《周易》见陈侯者,周大史也。
○少,诗(shi)照反。见,如字,又贤遍反。大音泰(tai)。
[疏]注“周大史也”。
○正义曰:直言周(zhou)(zhou)史(shi),知(zhi)是(shi)大(da)史(shi)者(zhe),《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》大(da)史(shi)掌书,昭二年(nian)传称韩宣子观书於大(da)史(shi)氏,此以《周(zhou)(zhou)易》见陈侯,故知(zhi)是(shi)大(da)史(shi)也。以《周(zhou)(zhou)易》见者(zhe),自以知(zhi)《周(zhou)(zhou)易》见陈侯,言己(ji)明(ming)《易》能筮,故陈侯使之筮也。
陈侯使筮之,蓍曰筮。
○筮,上制反。蓍音尸。
[疏]注“蓍曰筮”。
○正义曰:《曲礼》文也。其揲蓍求卦之法,则《易·系辞》具焉。
遇观坤下巽上,观。
○观,古乱反,注皆同。之否。坤下乾上,否。观六四爻变而为否。
○否,备矣反,注皆同(tong)。
[疏]“遇(yu)(yu)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)”。正义(yi)曰(yue):此(ci)(ci)(ci)注坤(kun)下(xia)(xia)巽上观(guan),坤(kun)下(xia)(xia)乾(qian)上否(fou)及六四(si)爻(yao)(yao)变,诸(zhu)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)辈(bei),皆(jie)(jie)据《周(zhou)易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘炫《规过》云(yun)(yun):“观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)者(zhe),为(wei)观(guan)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)爻(yao)(yao);屯(tun)(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)者(zhe),屯(tun)(tun)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)爻(yao)(yao),皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)取(qu)后卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。”今删(shan)定(ding)以(yi)为(wei)不(bu)然。何者(zhe)?以(yi)闵元年(nian)毕万筮仕,遇(yu)(yu)屯(tun)(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi),云(yun)(yun)“屯(tun)(tun)固(gu)比(bi)入”。僖十五年(nian),晋献公(gong)筮嫁伯姬(ji),得(de)归(gui)妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)睽,云(yun)(yun)“士刲羊,亦无(wu)衁(huang)”,归(gui)妹(mei)上六爻(yao)(yao)辞;又云(yun)(yun)“归(gui)妹(mei)、睽孤,寇张之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弧”,睽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上九爻(yao)(yao)辞;又云(yun)(yun)“归(gui)妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)睽,犹无(wu)相(xiang)也(ye)(ye)”。昭五年(nian)明夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谦(qian),云(yun)(yun)“明夷(yi)于飞”,“垂其翼”,又云(yun)(yun)“谦(qian)不(bu)足(zu),飞不(bu)翔”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等类(lei),皆(jie)(jie)取(qu)前后二(er)卦(gua)(gua)以(yi)占吉凶,今人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筮亦皆(jie)(jie)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。故(gu)(gu)贾(jia)、服及杜(du)并皆(jie)(jie)同焉。刘炫苟(gou)异前儒(ru),好为(wei)别见,以(yi)规杜(du)氏,非也(ye)(ye)。沈云(yun)(yun):遇(yu)(yu)者(zhe),不(bu)期而会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。筮者(zhe)所得(de)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉凶,非有(you)(you)宿契(qi),逢遇(yu)(yu)而已,故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇(yu)(yu)。刘炫云(yun)(yun):下(xia)(xia)体(ti)坤(kun),坤(kun)为(wei)地为(wei)众,上体(ti)巽,巽为(wei)风(feng)为(wei)木,互体(ti)有(you)(you)艮,艮为(wei)门(men)阙,地上有(you)(you)木而为(wei)门(men)阙,宫(gong)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang),宫(gong)室而可风(feng)化,使天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)焉,故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)也(ye)(ye)。下(xia)(xia)体(ti)坤(kun),坤(kun)为(wei)地,上体(ti)乾(qian),乾(qian)为(wei)天,天不(bu)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang),地不(bu)上腾,天地不(bu)通其气(qi),上下(xia)(xia)否(fou)塞,故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)也(ye)(ye)。
曰:“是谓‘观国之光,利用宾于王’。此《周易》观卦六四爻辞。《易》之为书,六爻皆有变象,又有互体,圣人随其义而论之。
○爻,户交反。此其代陈有国乎(hu)?不在(zai)此,其在(zai)异国;非此其身,在(zai)其子孙(sun)。
[疏]“是谓”至“子孙”。
○正义曰:“观国之光,利用宾于王”二句,《周易》文也。此先云:“不在此,其在异国”,后云“非此其身,在其子孙”,所以在下覆结,先云“其在后乎”,后云“在异国”者,“其在异国”之下,更欲演说异国是大岳姜姓,其言稍多,且须以结末,故进“其在后乎”於上,先解之也。“庭实旅百”以下,方解“利用宾于王”,则上句“故曰观国”之下,未须宾王之句,而再言“利用宾于王”者,盖以“观国之光”即是朝王之事,直言观光,以文不足,故连言宾王,但未解宾王之义,故於下更重解之。传称引《诗》断章,则引《易》论事,《易》未必如本。此言“观国之光”,谓所为筮者观他人有国之光荣也,此有国之人,利用为宾客於王朝也,其意言见其子孙有国,作宾於王家耳,非其身也。“代陈有国”,言代陈正適子孙,有其国家,陈灭此兴,是代之也。
○注“此周”至“论之”。
○正义曰(yue):《易(yi)》之(zhi)为(wei)书(shu),揲蓍求爻(yao)(yao)(yao),重爻(yao)(yao)(yao)为(wei)卦(gua)(gua)(gua),爻(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)七、八、九(jiu)、六(liu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)七、八者,六(liu)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)并(bing)皆不(bu)变(bian)(bian),卦(gua)(gua)(gua)下总(zong)为(wei)之(zhi)辞,名(ming)之(zhi)曰(yue)“彖(tuan)”,《彖(tuan)》者,才也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),总(zong)论一卦(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)才德(de),若(ruo)(ruo)乾“元亨利贞”之(zhi)类皆是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)、六(liu)者,当爻(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)变(bian)(bian),每爻(yao)(yao)(yao)别为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞,名(ming)之(zhi)曰(yue)“象(xiang)”,象(xiang)者,像也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),指言(yan)一爻(yao)(yao)(yao)所象(xiang),若(ruo)(ruo)乾“初(chu)九(jiu),潜龙勿用(yong)”之(zhi)类皆是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)变(bian)(bian)者聚(ju)而为(wei)彖(tuan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)变(bian)(bian)者散而为(wei)象(xiang)。计每於一卦(gua)(gua)(gua),当书(shu)两体(ti),但以(yi)此爻(yao)(yao)(yao)阴阳既同,唯变(bian)(bian)否有(you)异,且每爻(yao)(yao)(yao)异辞,不(bu)可(ke)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)二画(hua)(hua),从上(shang)可(ke)知,故不(bu)画(hua)(hua)二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传之(zhi)筮(shi)者指取《易(yi)》义,不(bu)为(wei)论卦(gua)(gua)(gua),丘(qiu)明不(bu)画(hua)(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸为(wei)注者皆言(yan)上(shang)体(ti)下体(ti),若(ruo)(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)画(hua)(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)示人,则当不(bu)烦此注,注亦不(bu)画(hua)(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今书(shu)有(you)画(hua)(hua)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)者,当是后之(zhi)学者,自恐不(bu)识,私画(hua)(hua)以(yi)备忘,遂(sui)传之(zhi)耳(er)。每爻(yao)(yao)(yao)各(ge)有(you)象(xiang)辞,是六(liu)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)皆有(you)变(bian)(bian)象(xiang)。二至(zhi)四,三至(zhi)五,两体(ti)交互,各(ge)成一卦(gua)(gua)(gua),先儒谓之(zhi)互体(ti),圣人随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义而论之(zhi),或(huo)取爻(yao)(yao)(yao)象(xiang)或(huo)取骏(jun)体(ti),言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取义为(wei)常也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
光(guang)远而自他有耀者(zhe)也。
[疏]“光(guang)(guang)(guang)远”至“耀者(zhe)也(ye)”。正义曰(yue):《易》称(cheng)“观国之光(guang)(guang)(guang)”,故(gu)解其光(guang)(guang)(guang)义,言(yan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)在此处,远照於他物(wu),从他物(wu)之上而有(you)明耀者(zhe)也(ye)。谓(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能远照,於他物(wu)有(you)明,故(gu)下(xia)云“照之以(yi)天光(guang)(guang)(guang)”是也(ye)。
坤,土也。巽,风也。乾,天也。风为天於土上,山也。巽变为乾,故曰风为天。自二至四,有艮象。艮为山。
○乾,其然(ran)反。
[疏]“於土上山也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:六四之爻位(wei)在坤上,坤为(wei)土地,山(shan)(shan)是(shi)地之高者,居於土上,是(shi)为(wei)土上山(shan)(shan)也。又巽变为(wei)坤,六四变为(wei)九四,从二至四,互体有艮之象(xiang),艮为(wei)山(shan)(shan),故言山(shan)(shan)也。
有山之(zhi)(zhi)材而照之(zhi)(zhi)以天光(guang)(guang)(guang),於是乎(hu)居土上(shang),山则材之(zhi)(zhi)所生。上(shang)有乾,下有坤,故言居土上(shang),照之(zhi)(zhi)以天光(guang)(guang)(guang)。故曰:‘观国之(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang),利用宾于王(wang)。’四为诸(zhu)侯,变(bian)而之(zhi)(zhi)乾,有国朝(chao)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)象。
[疏]“有山”至“于王”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):山则材之所生(sheng),此人有(you)山之材,言其必大富也(ye)。上(shang)天以明临下,照之以天光,言天子临照之也(ye)。於是(shi)乎(hu)又居於土上(shang),既富矣,而彼(bi)天照又复居有(you)土地(di),是(shi)为国君之象(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)。《易》位四为诸侯,变(bian)而为乾(qian),乾(qian)为天子,是(shi)有(you)国朝(chao)王(wang)之象(xiang)(xiang),故曰(yue)(yue)“观国之光,利用(yong)宾(bin)于王(wang)”。
庭实旅百,奉之以玉帛,天地之美具焉,故曰:‘利用宾于王。’艮为门庭,乾为金玉,坤为布帛。诸侯朝王,陈贽币之象。旅,陈也。百,言物备。
○挚音(yin)至,本(ben)又作(zuo)贽,同。
[疏]“庭实”至“于王”。
○正义曰:《觐礼》,侯氏执圭见王,王受圭,礼成乃出。又入行享礼,献国之所有。此说行享礼也。旅,陈也。庭之所实,陈有百品,言物备也。“奉之以玉帛”,谓执玉帛而致享礼。彼天之照,有地之材,天子赐之土田,国君献国所有,天地之美备具焉,朝王之仪毕足矣,故曰“利用宾于王”。
○注“艮为”至“物备”。
○正义曰(yue):《易·说卦》:艮为(wei)(wei)(wei)门阙,乾为(wei)(wei)(wei)金玉(yu),坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)布帛(bo)(bo)(bo)。杜以门内(nei)有庭(ting),传言(yan)(yan)庭(ting)实,故改言(yan)(yan)艮为(wei)(wei)(wei)门庭(ting)耳。杜言(yan)(yan)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)朝王(wang)(wang)(wang),陈贽(zhi)币(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象”者(zhe),谓(wei)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以行享(xiang)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《觐礼》,侯(hou)氏既(ji)见王(wang)(wang)(wang),乃云:“四(si)享(xiang)皆(jie)(jie)束(shu)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)加璧,庭(ting)实唯国(guo)(guo)所(suo)有。”郑玄(xuan)云:“四(si)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san),《大(da)行人职》曰(yue),诸(zhu)侯(hou)庙中将币(bi),皆(jie)(jie)三(san)(san)(san)享(xiang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼差又(you)无(wu)取於(wu)(wu)四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。初享(xiang)或(huo)用马,或(huo)用虎(hu)豹(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮;其(qi)(qi)(qi)次享(xiang)三(san)(san)(san)牲(sheng)鱼腊,笾豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实,龟(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),金也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),丹(dan)、漆、丝、纊、竹、箭(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀无(wu)常货,此(ci)物(wu)(wu)非一国(guo)(guo)所(suo)能有,唯国(guo)(guo)所(suo)有分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)享(xiang),皆(jie)(jie)以璧帛(bo)(bo)(bo)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《礼器》云:“大(da)飨其(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)与。三(san)(san)(san)牲(sheng)鱼腊,四(si)海九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美味也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);笾豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荐,四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)气也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);内(nei)金,示(shi)和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);束(shu)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)加璧,尊德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);龟(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)前列,先知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);金次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),见情(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);丹(dan)、漆、丝、纊、竹、箭(jian),与众(zhong)共财也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀无(wu)常货,各(ge)以其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)有,则致远物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《郊特牲(sheng)》曰(yue):“旅(lv)币(bi)无(wu)方,所(suo)以别土(tu)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,而(er)节远迩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);龟(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)前列,先知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);以锺次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以和(he)居参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虎(hu)豹(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮,示(shi)服猛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);束(shu)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)加璧,往德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑玄(xuan)《觐礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注所(suo)言(yan)(yan)出於(wu)(wu)彼(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜言(yan)(yan)“贽(zhi)币(bi)”即郑所(suo)谓(wei)“璧帛(bo)(bo)(bo)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),此(ci)“奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)”,执(zhi)(zhi)以致庭(ting)实耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)不入王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《觐礼》侯(hou)氏致享(xiang),执(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)致命,王(wang)(wang)(wang)抚(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已,不受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)侯(hou)氏降授(shou)宰币(bi),是庭(ting)实之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)币(bi)皆(jie)(jie)庭(ting)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),唯马受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)门外耳。“旅(lv),陈”,《释诂》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。百者(zhe),言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)备(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
犹有观焉,故曰:‘其在后乎!’因观文以博占,故言犹有观,非在已之言,故知在子孙。
○观,古乱反。
[疏]注“因观”至“子孙”。
○正义曰:以卦名观(guan),故因观(guan)文以博占也。观(guan)者(zhe),视(shi)他(ta)之辞。此宾王之事,若所为筮者(zhe)身自(zi)当有,则不(bu)应观(guan)他(ta)。此卦犹有观(guan)焉,观(guan)非在(zai)已之言,其(qi)人观(guan)他(ta)有之,故知(zhi)在(zai)其(qi)子孙也。
风行而著於土,
[疏]“风行而著於土”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:服(fu)虔云:巽在坤上,故为著土也。一曰巽为风,复(fu)为木(mu),风吹木(mu)实落去,更(geng)生他(ta)土而(er)长育,是为在异国。
故曰:‘其在异国乎!’若在异国,必姜姓也。姜,大岳之后也。姜姓之先为尧四岳。
○著,直略(lve)反。大岳(yue),音(yin)泰,下音(yin)岳(yue)。
[疏]注“姜姓”至“四岳”。
○正义曰(yue):《周语》称尧命(ming)禹治水,“共(gong)之从(cong)孙四(si)岳(yue)佐(zuo)之,胙(zuo)四(si)岳(yue)国,命(ming)为侯伯(bo),赐姓曰(yue)姜,氏曰(yue)有吕(lv)”。贾逵云:“共(gong),共(gong)工也。从(cong)孙,同姓未嗣之孙。四(si)岳(yue)官名大(da)岳(yue)也,主四(si)岳(yue)之祭(ji)焉。”然则以其主岳(yue)之祀,尊(zun)之故称大(da)也。
山岳则配天(tian)。物莫(mo)能两大。陈衰,此其昌乎!”变而象艮,故(gu)知(zhi)当兴(xing)於(wu)大岳之后。得大岳之权,则有配天(tian)之大功(gong),故(gu)知(zhi)陈必(bi)衰。
[疏]注“变而”至“必衰”。
○正义曰:六四(si)爻变(bian)为(wei)九四(si),与(yu)二共为(wei)艮象(xiang),艮为(wei)山,故(gu)知兴(xing)於山岳(yue)(yue)之国。姜姓,大(da)岳(yue)(yue)之后,知其(qi)将育(yu)于姜。地(di)之高者(zhe),莫(mo)过於山,《诗》云“崧高虽岳(yue)(yue),骏极于天(tian)”,言(yan)其(qi)大(da)能(neng)(neng)至天(tian),故(gu)山岳(yue)(yue)则(ze)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)也。且(qie)乾在上艮在下,亦是山岳(yue)(yue)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)之象(xiang)。此人子孙(sun)养於大(da)岳(yue)(yue)之后,官尊位贵,得(de)大(da)岳(yue)(yue)之权,则(ze)其(qi)功德有配(pei)(pei)天(tian)之大(da)。然天(tian)子其(qi)功配(pei)(pei)天(tian),今纵(zong)得(de)大(da)岳(yue)(yue)之权,唯诸侯耳,言(yan)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)者(zhe),以其(qi)功大(da),故(gu)甚言(yan)之。物(wu)莫(mo)能(neng)(neng)两大(da),此有兴(xing)兆(zhao),故(gu)名陈必(bi)衰也。
及陈之初亡(wang)也,昭八年,楚灭陈。陈桓(huan)子(zi)始大於齐(qi);桓(huan)子(zi),敬(jing)仲五世(shi)孙陈无宇(yu)。
[疏]注“桓子”至“无宇”。
○正义曰(yue):《史记·田完世家》:完卒(zu),谥为敬仲(zhong)。仲(zhong)生(sheng)穉(zhi)孟(meng)夷,夷生(sheng)湣孟(meng)庄,庄生(sheng)文子(zi)须无(wu)(wu),文子(zi)生(sheng)桓子(zi)无(wu)(wu)宇,是为敬仲(zhong)五世孙也(ye)。
其后亡也,哀十七年,楚复灭陈。
○复,扶又反。成子得政。成子,陈常也,敬仲八世孙。陈完有礼於齐,子孙世不忘德,德协於卜,故传备言其终始。卜筮者,圣人所以定犹豫,决疑似,因生义教者也。《尚书·洪范》通龟筮以同卿士之数。南蒯卜乱而遇元吉,惠伯答以忠信则可。臧会卜僣,遂获其应。丘明故举诸县验於行事者,以示来世,而君子志其善者、远者。他皆放此。
○豫(yu)音(yin)预,本(ben)亦作预。蒯(kuai),居怪反(fan)。僣,子(zi)念(nian)反(fan)。应,应对之应。县音(yin)玄。
[疏]注“成子”至“放此”。
○正义(yi)曰:沈氏(shi)云(yun)(yun):“《世家(jia)》:‘桓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)武(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)启及僖子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乞(qi)。乞(qi)卒(zu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)常代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)田(tian)成子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。’是(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)敬(jing)(jing)仲(zhong)为(wei)七世,言(yan)八(ba)世者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据其(qi)(qi)相代(dai)在位为(wei)八(ba)世也(ye)(ye)。”成子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弑简公,专齐(qi)政,是(shi)(shi)(shi)莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)大(da)也(ye)(ye)。成子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)襄(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)磐,磐生(sheng)庄(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)白,白生(sheng)大(da)公和(he)(he),和(he)(he)迁齐(qi)康公於(wu)海(hai)上,和(he)(he)立为(wei)齐(qi)侯。和(he)(he)孙威王称王,四世而(er)(er)秦(qin)灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。作传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),完(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙巳盛,故传备言(yan)其(qi)(qi)终始(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《世家(jia)》云(yun)(yun)“敬(jing)(jing)仲(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如齐(qi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)陈字为(wei)田(tian)氏(shi)”,《左传》终始(shi)称陈,田(tian)必非敬(jing)(jing)仲(zhong)所(suo)改,未(wei)知何时(shi)(shi)改耳(er)。《左传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,至此(ci)(ci)(ci)始(shi)有(you)卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),故杜於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)通说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《曲礼》曰:“卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)民决嫌疑,定犹与(yu)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)先王立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。因而(er)(er)生(sheng)义(yi)教,谓(wei)(wei)教人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)义(yi)行(xing)(xing)善(shan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)德协於(wu)卜(bu)(bu);行(xing)(xing)恶则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)遇吉反凶,必以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)义(yi)乃可(ke)卜(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)。《洪范》曰:“汝则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)大(da)疑,谋(mou)(mou)及乃心,谋(mou)(mou)及卿(qing)(qing)士(shi),谋(mou)(mou)及庶人(ren),谋(mou)(mou)及卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)。”谋(mou)(mou)及卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)通龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。南蒯(kuai)(kuai)卜(bu)(bu)为(wei)乱,不(bu)信则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)可(ke);臧会卜(bu)(bu)为(wei)僣(tie),不(bu)信乃遂(sui)吉,二事相反,故特引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)应人(ren)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。南蒯(kuai)(kuai)在昭(zhao)十二年,臧会在昭(zhao)二十五年。南蒯(kuai)(kuai)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)言(yan)卜(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)通言(yan)耳(er)。杜引《洪范》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲明龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)必神灵,故云(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),言(yan)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)见,才与(yu)卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)同(tong)(tong)耳(er)。又引南蒯(kuai)(kuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明吉凶由行(xing)(xing),不(bu)由卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),欲使(shi)人(ren)脩(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing)不(bu)可(ke)纯信卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。又引臧会者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),吉凶亦由卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)可(ke)专在於(wu)行(xing)(xing),欲使(shi)人(ren)敬(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。故丘明举(ju)县(xian)验(yan)於(wu)行(xing)(xing)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)示来世脩(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing),敬(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)。言(yan)验(yan)於(wu)行(xing)(xing)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),南蒯(kuai)(kuai)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)行(xing)(xing)验(yan)而(er)(er)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)验(yan),臧会则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)验(yan)而(er)(er)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)验(yan)。言(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)志(zhi)其(qi)(qi)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)劝人(ren)脩(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)德行(xing)(xing)、敬(jing)(jing)龟筮(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye);远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)大(da)纲,劝人(ren)为(wei)善(shan),长久远(yuan)(yuan)道,非有(you)临时(shi)(shi)应验(yan)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即上善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),指其(qi)(qi)事谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan),指其(qi)(qi)教谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)(yuan)。刘炫云(yun)(yun):“计(ji)春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)多矣(yi),丘明所(suo)载唯二十许(xu)事,举(ju)其(qi)(qi)县(xian)验(yan)於(wu)行(xing)(xing)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)不(bu)验(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),当(dang)记(ji)其(qi)(qi)忠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),他皆(jie)放此(ci)(ci)(ci)。