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春秋左氏传注疏卷二十五 成元年,至二年在线阅读

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卷二(er)(er)十五 成元(yuan)年,至(zhi)二(er)(er)年

  ◎成公
  ○陆曰(yue):成公名黑(hei)肱,宣公子。谥法(fa):“安民立政曰(yue)成。”

[疏(shu)]正义(yi)曰:《鲁世家(jia)》云:“成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)名黑(hei)肱,宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子,穆姜(jiang)(jiang)所(suo)生,以定王十七年(nian)即位。”谥法(fa):“安民(min)立(li)政曰成(cheng)。”《释例》曰:“计公(gong)(gong)(gong)衡之年(nian),成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)又非穆姜(jiang)(jiang)所(suo)生,不知其母何氏也。”案宣(xuan)(xuan)元年(nian)“夫(fu)人妇(fu)姜(jiang)(jiang)至自齐”,即穆姜(jiang)(jiang)也。至此始(shi)十八(ba)年(nian)耳。二年(nian)传称“公(gong)(gong)(gong)衡为(wei)质(zhi)(zhi)於楚”。公(gong)(gong)(gong)衡,成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子也。既堪为(wei)质(zhi)(zhi),则其年(nian)巳长(zhang)。成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)若是穆姜(jiang)(jiang)之子,未(wei)得有成(cheng)长(zhang)之男。

【经(jing)】元(yuan)年,春(chun),王(wang)正月(yue),公即位。(无(wu)传。)

二月,辛酉,葬我君宣公。无传。

无(wu)冰(bing)。无(wu)传。周二月,今(jin)之十二月,而无(wu)冰(bing),书冬温(wen)。

[疏]注“周二”至“冬温”。
  ○正义曰:襄二(er)十(shi)八年“春(chun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)”。彼春(chun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),则(ze)是(shi)(shi)竟(jing)春(chun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)。此(ci)亦应(ying)竟(jing)春(chun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)。而书(shu)在二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下者(zhe),以盛寒(han)之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)也。《穀梁(liang)传》曰:“终(zhong)(zhong)时无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing),则(ze)志(zhi)。”此(ci)未(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)时而言“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)”,何(he)也?终(zhong)(zhong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)矣,加之(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)之(zhi)(zhi)辞也。其意言此(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寒(han)最(zui)甚,此(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing),则(ze)终(zhong)(zhong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)矣。杜(du)言“今之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe),见此(ci)意也。冬而无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)冰(bing)(bing)(bing),是(shi)(shi)时之(zhi)(zhi)失(shi),故书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi),记冬温也。

三月,作丘甲。《周礼》:“九夫为井,四井为邑,四邑为丘。”丘十六井,出戎马一匹,牛三头。四丘为甸,甸六十四井,出长毂一乘,戎马四匹,牛十二头,甲士三人,步卒七十二人。此甸所赋,今鲁使丘出之,讥重敛,故书。
  ○甸,徒(tu)练反,一(yi)音绳证反,乘,绳证反。卒,尊忽反。敛,力验反。

[疏]“周礼”至“故书”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》“九(jiu)夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing),四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi)(yi),四(si)(si)邑(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),四(si)(si)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian)”,《小(xiao)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)职(zhi)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法(fa)(fa)》:“六(liu)尺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)步(bu)(bu)(bu),步(bu)(bu)(bu)百(bai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亩,亩百(bai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夫,夫三(san)(san)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屋,屋三(san)(san)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing)(jing),四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi)(yi),四(si)(si)邑(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)有(you)(you)戎马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)匹(pi),牛三(san)(san)头(tou),是(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)匹(pi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)牛。四(si)(si)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian),甸(dian)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing),出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)长(zhang)毂一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)匹(pi),牛十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)头(tou),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。戈楯具谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。”然则杜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)多是(shi)(shi)《司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法(fa)(fa)》文。而(er)(er)独(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)《司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法(fa)(fa)》祖述《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》,其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)陈(chen)(chen)者(zhe)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)法(fa)(fa)。言(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)耳(er),不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)《司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法(fa)(fa)》“成方十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)革(ge)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)》云(yun)(yun):“方十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成。”缘(yuan)边一(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)治沟(gou)洫,实出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)税者(zhe)方八(ba)里(li)(li),六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing),案郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《小(xiao)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)》又引(yin)《司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)成出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)革(ge)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)(tu)(tu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)终(zhong),千(qian)(qian)井(jing)(jing)(jing),革(ge)车(che)(che)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)百(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)(tu)(tu)二(er)百(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)终(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong),万井(jing)(jing)(jing),革(ge)车(che)(che)百(bai)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)(tu)(tu)二(er)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,与此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe),《小(xiao)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)》辨畿内(nei)都鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)域,郑(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)引(yin)“士(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),徒(tu)(tu)(tu)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)公卿(qing)大(da)夫畿内(nei)采地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)诸侯邦(bang)国(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。古者(zhe)用(yong)兵(bing)(bing),天(tian)子先用(yong)六(liu)乡,六(liu)乡不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)取六(liu)遂,六(liu)遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)取公卿(qing)采邑(yi)(yi)及诸侯邦(bang)国(guo)。若诸侯出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)(bing),先尽三(san)(san)乡、三(san)(san)遂,乡、遂不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),然后总(zong)徵竟内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)。案此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)车(che)(che),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)、步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)总(zong)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)·大(da)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)》:“五人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伍,五伍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两,四(si)(si)两为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu),五卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旅(lv),五旅(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)师(shi)(shi)(shi),五师(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)。”大(da)败不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe),《小(xiao)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun),谓(wei)(wei)乡遂出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)及临(lin)时(shi)(shi)(shi)对(dui)敌(di)(di)(di)布陈(chen)(chen)用(yong)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)士(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),步(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),谓(wei)(wei)徵课邦(bang)国(guo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)徵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)。既(ji)至临(lin)陈(chen)(chen),还(hai)同(tong)(tong)(tong)乡遂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。必(bi)知临(lin)敌(di)(di)(di)用(yong)乡、遂法(fa)(fa)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)桓五年“战于繻葛(ge)”,“先偏(pian)后伍”,又宣十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年“广有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)卒(zu),卒(zu)偏(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)两”,及《尚书·牧誓》云(yun)(yun)“千(qian)(qian)夫长(zhang),百(bai)夫长(zhang)”,是(shi)(shi)临(lin)时(shi)(shi)(shi)对(dui)敌(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)卒(zu)两师(shi)(shi)(shi)旅(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。长(zhang)毂、马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)牛、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兵(bing)(bing)、戈楯,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)甸(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)同(tong)(tong)(tong)共(gong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)物(wu)。若乡遂所(suo)(suo)用(yong),车(che)(che)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)国(guo)家(jia)所(suo)(suo)共(gong)。知者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)乡出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)军(jun),则是(shi)(shi)家(jia)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可私备故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)四(si)(si)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian),并据上地(di)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)上、中、下地(di)相通,则二(er)甸(dian)共(gong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)长(zhang)毂一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)耳(er)。甸(dian)即(ji)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)井(jing)(jing)(jing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)车(che)(che)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)甸(dian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兵(bing)(bing),甸(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)赋。今鲁(lu)使(shi)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)甸(dian)赋,乃四(si)(si)倍於常(chang)。讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)敛(lian)(lian),故(gu)(gu)书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《穀梁传》曰(yue)(yue):“作(zuo),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)作(zuo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),非正也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“古者(zhe)立国(guo)家(jia),百(bai)官具,农(nong)工皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)职(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)上。古者(zhe)有(you)(you)四(si)(si)民(min)(min),有(you)(you)士(shi)(shi)民(min)(min),有(you)(you)商(shang)民(min)(min),有(you)(you)农(nong)民(min)(min),有(you)(you)工民(min)(min)。丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)作(zuo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),非正也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)邑(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),使(shi)一(yi)(yi)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)农(nong)民(min)(min)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)作(zuo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)农(nong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工,失其(qi)(qi)(qi)本业,故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今《左氏》经、传并言(yan)“作(zuo)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”耳(er),重(zhong)(zhong)敛(lian)(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),传无明文。而(er)(er)知必(bi)异《穀梁》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)作(zuo)甸(dian)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)传云(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)齐难(nan)故(gu)(gu),作(zuo)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)虑有(you)(you)齐难(nan)而(er)(er)多作(zuo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兵(bing)(bing),知使(shi)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)而(er)(er)倍作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。士(shi)(shi)卒(zu)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)悉(xi)倍於常(chang),而(er)(er)独(du)言(yan)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀敛(lian)(lian)充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er),非作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)新(xin)作(zuo),故(gu)(gu)举甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。初税亩言(yan)初,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)初者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)备齐难(nan),暂为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er),非是(shi)(shi)终(zhong)用(yong),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)初。然则筑城备难(nan),非时(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)亦备难(nan),而(er)(er)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),鲁(lu)是(shi)(shi)大(da)国(guo),甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兵(bing)(bing)先多,僖公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世《颂(song)》云(yun)(yun)“公车(che)(che)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,昭公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蒐传称“革(ge)车(che)(che)千(qian)(qian)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)时(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)应然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)拒敌(di)(di)(di),而(er)(er)又加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)敛(lian)(lian),故(gu)(gu)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

夏,臧孙许及晋侯盟于赤棘。晋地。

秋,王师败绩于茅戎。茅戎,别种也。不言战,王者至尊,天下莫之得校,故以自败为文。不书败地,而书茅戎,明为茅戎所败。书秋,从告。
  ○茅戎,亡交反。《史记》及三传(chuan)皆(jie)作贸(mao)戎。种,章勇反。

冬,十月。

【传】元年,春,晋侯使瑕嘉平戎于王,(平文十七年邥垂之役。詹嘉处瑕,故谓之瑕嘉。
  ○邥音审。詹,之廉反。)单襄公如晋拜成。(单襄公,王卿士。谢晋为平戎。
  ○单音善。为,于伪反,下文同。)刘康公徼戎,将遂伐之。(康公,王季子也。戎平还,欲要其无备。
  ○徼,古尧(yao)反,要也。要,一遥反。)

[疏]注“康公”至“无备”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:宣十年经书(shu)“王(wang)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)来聘”,传言“刘康(kang)(kang)公”,知即王(wang)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)也。传言“平(ping)戎于王(wang)”,戎必遣(qian)使诣周受平(ping)。但康(kang)(kang)公要戎者(zhe),非要戎平(ping)还之,使单使来平(ping),不足伐也,欲(yu)伐其国(guo)耳。以未平(ping)之日(ri)设备(bei)(bei)御周,今(jin)既平(ping)矣,戎必无备(bei)(bei)。要其无备(bei)(bei),将遂(sui)往伐之。故下(xia)云“遂(sui)伐茅戎”,起兵伐其国(guo)也。

叔服曰:“背盟而欺大国,此必败。叔服,周内史。
  ○背(bei)音佩(pei),下音同。背(bei)盟不(bu)祥(xiang),欺大国不(bu)义,神(shen)人弗助(zhu),将何以胜?”不(bu)听。遂(sui)伐茅(mao)戎。三月癸未,败绩(ji)于(yu)徐吾氏(shi)。徐吾氏(shi),茅(mao)戎之别也。

[疏]败绩于徐吾氏。
  ○正义(yi)曰:败于徐吾之地(di)也。茅(mao)戎(rong)巳是戎(rong)内之别,徐吾又是茅(mao)戎(rong)之内聚落(luo)之名,王师与(yu)茅(mao)戎(rong)战(zhan)之处。

为齐难故,作丘甲。前年鲁乞师於楚,欲以伐齐,楚师不出,故惧而作丘甲。
  ○难(nan),乃旦反(fan),下(xia)同(tong)。

闻齐将出(chu)楚师,夏,盟于赤(chi)棘。与晋盟,惧齐、楚。

秋(qiu),王人来告败。解(jie)经(jing)所以秋(qiu)乃书。

冬,臧宣叔令脩赋、缮完、治完城郭。
  ○缮完,市战反,下和端反。具守备,曰:“齐、楚结好,我新与晋盟,晋、楚争盟,齐师必至。虽晋人伐齐,楚必救之,是齐楚同我也。同,共也。
  ○守,手又反。好,呼报反。知难而有备,乃可以逞。”逞,解也。为二年齐侯伐我传。
  ○解音蟹。

【经】二(er)年,春,齐侯伐我北鄙。

夏,四月,丙戌,卫孙良夫帅师及齐师战于新筑,卫师败绩。新筑,卫地。皆陈曰战,大崩曰败绩。四月无丙戌;丙戌,五月一日。
  ○筑音竹。陈,宜觐反。

六月,癸酉,季孙行父、臧孙许、叔孙侨如、公孙婴齐帅师会晋郤克、卫孙良夫、曹公子首及齐侯战于鞍,齐师败绩。鲁乞师於晋,而不以与谋之例者,从盟主之令,上行於下,非匹敌和成之类,例在宣七年。曹大夫常不书,而书公子首者,首命於国,备於礼,成为卿故也。鞍,齐地。
  ○侨,其骄反(fan),注同。郤,去逆反(fan)。鞍音(yin)安。与音(yin)预。敌,如字,本或作適,亦音(yin)敌。

[疏]注“鲁乞”至“齐地”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:此(ci)云(yun)盟主之(zhi)令,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)从与(yu)(yu)谋(mou)。《释(shi)例》云(yun):“乞(qi)师(shi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)从与(yu)(yu)谋(mou)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)事得(de)(de)(de)两(liang)通(tong),故(gu)互言之(zhi)。鲁於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)聘与(yu)(yu)盟会,虽(sui)二(er)卿(qing)并(bing)行(xing),止书一使。至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)师(shi)用兵,则并(bing)书诸(zhu)(zhu)将。此(ci)书四(si)卿(qing),昭、定之(zhi)世或(huo)书三(san)卿(qing),或(huo)书二(er)卿(qing),皆谓(wei)重(zhong)兵,故(gu)书之(zhi)。其他(ta)国唯书元帅。详内略外也(ye)。”书曹(cao)公(gong)子(zi)首(shou)者(zhe),《释(shi)例》曰:“公(gong)侯(hou)伯(bo)子(zi)男及(ji)卿(qing)大(da)夫士命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu)(shu),《周官》具(ju)有等差(cha)。当(dang)春秋时(shi),渐以(yi)(yi)(yi)变改,是故(gu)仲(zhong)尼(ni)、丘明据时(shi)之(zhi)宜(yi),从而(er)然之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)复与(yu)(yu)《周官》同(tong)也(ye)。”“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe),其君正爵命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)朝。其宫室、车旗、衣服、礼(li)(li)义(yi),各如其命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu)(shu),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿(qing)礼(li)(li)书於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经。卫之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)晋,不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)比次国,则邾、莒、杞、鄫之(zhi)属,固以(yi)(yi)(yi)微矣。此(ci)等诸(zhu)(zhu)国,当(dang)时(shi)附随大(da)国,不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)列於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会者(zhe)甚众。及(ji)其得(de)(de)(de)列,上不(bu)(bu)能自(zi)通(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天子(zi),下(xia)无暇於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)备礼(li)(li)成(cheng)制。故(gu)与(yu)(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)盟会战伐(fa)甚多(duo),唯曹(cao)公(gong)子(zi)首(shou)得(de)(de)(de)见(jian)经,其馀或(huo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)礼(li)(li)仪不(bu)(bu)备,或(huo)未加命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu)(shu),故(gu)皆不(bu)(bu)书之(zhi)。”是言首(shou)成(cheng)为卿(qing),故(gu)书。

秋,七月,齐(qi)侯使(shi)国佐(zuo)如师。己酉,及国佐(zuo)盟于袁娄。《穀梁》曰:“鞍去(qu)齐(qi)五百里。袁娄去(qu)齐(qi)五十里。”

[疏]注“穀梁”至“十里”。
  ○正义曰:齐之(zhi)四(si)竟不(bu)应过遥。且鞍(an)巳是(shi)齐地,未必竟上(shang)之(zhi)邑,岂得(de)去齐有五(wu)百(bai)里乎?《穀(gu)梁》又云“壹战绵(mian)地五(wu)百(bai)里”,则(ze)是(shi)甚言之(zhi)耳。《释例·土地名》鞍(an)与袁娄并阙(que),不(bu)知其(qi)处远近,无以验之(zhi)。

八月,壬午,宋公鲍卒。未同盟而赴以名。
  ○鲍,步卯反(fan)。

庚寅(yin),卫侯速卒。宣十(shi)七年,盟于断道。据传,庚寅(yin),九月七日。

取汶阳田。晋使齐还鲁,故书“取”。不以好得,故不言归。
  ○汶音问。好,呼报反。

[疏]注“晋使”至“言归”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:晋使齐还鲁,鲁不(bu)(bu)用(yong)力,故直书取(qu)。哀(ai)八年(nian)“齐人(ren)归(gui)(gui)讙及阐”。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)言齐人(ren)归(gui)(gui)者,不(bu)(bu)以好得(de)。非齐归(gui)(gui)我,故不(bu)(bu)言归(gui)(gui)。

冬,楚(chu)师、郑师侵卫。子重不书(shu),不亲伐。

[疏]注“子重不书不亲伐”。
  ○正义曰:僖(xi)二十五年“楚(chu)人(ren)围陈”,注(zhu)云(yun):“子(zi)玉称人(ren),从(cong)告。”此云(yun)“子(zi)重不(bu)书,不(bu)亲伐”者,彼以(yi)路远,或当(dang)不(bu)以(yi)实告,此传(chuan)言(yan)“侵卫,遂侵我”,道路既近,告当(dang)以(yi)实。经、传(chuan)皆言(yan)“楚(chu)师(shi)”,例(li)是将(jiang)卑师(shi)众(zhong),故(gu)以(yi)为子(zi)重不(bu)亲伐,所以(yi)弘通(tong)其(qi)义也(ye)。

十有(you)一月,公(gong)会楚公(gong)子(zi)婴(ying)齐(qi)于蜀。公(gong)与(yu)大夫会,不贬婴(ying)齐(qi)者,时有(you)许、蔡之(zhi)君(jun)故(gu)。

[疏]注“公与”至“君故”。
  ○正义曰:传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“在(zai)礼,卿不(bu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。”会(hui)(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)贬(bian)(bian)之而(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren),翟(zhai)泉之盟(meng)(meng)是也(ye)。此婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),乃称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)而(er)不(bu)贬(bian)(bian)者(zhe),为其会(hui)(hui)(hui)有蔡(cai)(cai)、许之君(jun)。蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、许男(nan)与(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)敌(di)(di),婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)与(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)敌(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)贬(bian)(bian)也(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孟孙赂楚,楚人(ren)(ren)许平(ping),即云:“十(shi)一月,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及楚公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、许男(nan)、秦右大(da)夫(fu)(fu)说、宋华元、陈(chen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙宁、卫(wei)(wei)孙良(liang)(liang)夫(fu)(fu)、郑(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)去疾(ji),及齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国之大(da)夫(fu)(fu)盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)蜀。”凡会(hui)(hui)(hui)且(qie)(qie)盟(meng)(meng)者(zhe),必先会(hui)(hui)(hui)而(er)后盟(meng)(meng)。盟(meng)(meng)时(shi)蔡(cai)(cai)、许在(zai)列,会(hui)(hui)(hui)时(shi)必亦在(zai)焉。以二(er)(er)君(jun)乘楚车,谓之失位。经虽(sui)抑而(er)不(bu)书,会(hui)(hui)(hui)时(shi)其身(shen)实(shi)在(zai)。且(qie)(qie)二(er)(er)君(jun)与(yu)(yu)楚同行,无容不(bu)列於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知二(er)(er)君(jun)在(zai)会(hui)(hui)(hui),婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)敌(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。或(huo)以为於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)兵将婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为主(zhu)(zhu),蔡(cai)(cai)、许为王左(zuo)右,隶属婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),则(ze)二(er)(er)君(jun)卑(bei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),何由(you)得(de)(de)与(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)敌(di)(di)?斯不(bu)然(ran)矣!征伐以主(zhu)(zhu)兵为先,盟(meng)(meng)会(hui)(hui)(hui)以尊(zun)卑(bei)为序,《春秋》之常也(ye)。僖二(er)(er)十(shi)七(qi)年(nian),“楚人(ren)(ren)、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯、许男(nan)围宋”。楚既称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)”,必非贵者(zhe)。为其主(zhu)(zhu)兵,犹(you)序於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上。文(wen)七(qi)年(nian),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)扈”,传(chuan)(chuan)曰:“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯、许男(nan)、曹(cao)伯,会(hui)(hui)(hui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾,盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)扈。”於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)为盟(meng)(meng)主(zhu)(zhu),召诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)使集会(hui)(hui)(hui),而(er)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾犹(you)序於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下文(wen),不(bu)先诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),则(ze)知此时(shi)行兵,楚为其主(zhu)(zhu),会(hui)(hui)(hui)则(ze)蔡(cai)(cai)、许在(zai)先,故(gu)(gu)(gu)二(er)(er)君(jun)自敌(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),明婴(ying)(ying)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)敌(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。襄二(er)(er)十(shi)六年(nian),“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)、郑(zheng)良(liang)(liang)霄、宋人(ren)(ren)、曹(cao)人(ren)(ren)于(yu)澶渊”,传(chuan)(chuan)曰:“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)赵(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)(wu)、宋向(xiang)戊、郑(zheng)良(liang)(liang)霄、曹(cao)人(ren)(ren)于(yu)澶渊”,“赵(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)(wu)不(bu)书,尊(zun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)”,“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)会(hui)(hui)(hui)之。”然(ran)则(ze)时(shi)有卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),犹(you)贬(bian)(bian)赵(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)(wu)者(zhe),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)虽(sui)往,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)将执之,不(bu)得(de)(de)与(yu)(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui),而(er)赵(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)(wu)敌(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)贬(bian)(bian)之也(ye)。彼传(chuan)(chuan)又(you)曰:“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)执甯(ning)喜,北宫遗使女齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以先归。卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)如晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)执之。”於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)已执其卿,卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)如晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)即执之,明其不(bu)得(de)(de)与(yu)(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无所(suo)敌(di)(di)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)赵(zhao)(zhao)武(wu)(wu)敌(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),与(yu)(yu)此异也(ye)。

丙申,公及楚人、秦人、宋人、陈人、卫人、郑人、齐人、曹人、邾人、薛人、鄫人盟于蜀。齐在郑下,非卿。传曰:“卿不书,匮盟也。”然则楚卿於是始与中国准。自此以下,楚卿不书,皆贬恶也。
  ○匮,其位反。

[疏]注“齐在”至“恶也”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:诸会、盟(meng)(meng)(meng)同地,而(er)间无他事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),例(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)重序(xu)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)。此会、盟(meng)(meng)(meng)序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),前会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,唯公会楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)耳。蔡、许(xu)从楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)而(er)行,唯应蔡、许(xu)在列,秦(qin)、宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)诸国(guo)未(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),会、盟(meng)(meng)(meng)人(ren)(ren)别,故(gu)(gu)别序(xu)也(ye)(ye)。诸征伐会盟(meng)(meng)(meng),实(shi)卿(qing)(qing)而(er)贬称(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),传皆言(yan)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)氏(shi);实(shi)是大夫(fu)(fu)而(er)本合称(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)传皆言(yan)大夫(fu)(fu)。此传“郑(zheng)公子(zi)去疾”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,言(yan)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)氏(shi),则(ze)皆是卿(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)。“齐国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大夫(fu)(fu)”,则(ze)实(shi)是大夫(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)齐在郑(zheng)下(xia),为(wei)非卿(qing)(qing)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。传曰“卿(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)书(shu),匮盟(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)”,谓匮盟(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu),并贬楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)卿(qing)(qing),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)卿(qing)(qing)於(wu)(wu)是盟(meng)(meng)(meng)上始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与中(zhong)国(guo)相准。《释例(li)(li)(li)》曰:“楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尹臣,最(zui)多(duo)混错(cuo)。旧说亦随文强生善恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状,混渎(du)无已。其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)得(de)辞,则(ze)皆言(yan)恶蛮(man)夷(yi)得(de)志。然当齐桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng),而(er)经以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屈(qu)完敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)必有褒(bao)贬,非抑(yi)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)。此乃楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初兴,未(wei)闲周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典礼,告命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),自(zi)生同异,犹(you)(you)秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)陋(lou),不(bu)(bu)与中(zhong)国(guo)准,故(gu)(gu)《春秋》抑(yi)秦(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)存例(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熊绎,始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封於(wu)(wu)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),辟(pi)在荆山荜路(lu)蓝缕(lv),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居草(cao)莽(mang)。及武王熊达,始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)居江汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间。然未(wei)能(neng)自(zi)同於(wu)(wu)列国(guo),故(gu)(gu)经称(cheng)‘荆败蔡师’,‘荆人(ren)(ren)来聘’,从其(qi)(qi)所(suo)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)而(er)总其(qi)(qi)君臣。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)鲁僖(xi),始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren),而(er)班次在於(wu)(wu)蔡下(xia)。僖(xi)二(er)十一年,当楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)成王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,能(neng)遂(sui)其(qi)(qi)业,内列於(wu)(wu)公侯,会於(wu)(wu)盂,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,爵(jue)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与中(zhong)国(guo)列。然其(qi)(qi)臣名(ming)氏(shi)犹(you)(you)多(duo)参(can)错(cuo)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲁成二(er)年,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)公子(zi)婴齐始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃具列。传曰:‘卿(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)书(shu),匮盟(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)。’兼(jian)为(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)臣示例(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。自(zi)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,《春秋》未(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)入(ru)例(li)(li)(li)。自(zi)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),褒(bao)贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),可得(de)而(er)论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”杜言(yan)“兼(jian)为(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)臣示例(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解传言(yan)“匮盟(meng)(meng)(meng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。传言(yan)“卿(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非独言(yan)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)书(shu),兼(jian)言(yan)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)卿(qing)(qing)亦不(bu)(bu)书(shu),是“兼(jian)为(wei)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)卿(qing)(qing)示例(li)(li)(li)”。

【传】二年,春,齐侯伐我北鄙,围龙。(龙,鲁邑。在泰山博县西南。)顷公之嬖人卢蒲就魁门焉,(攻龙门也。
  ○顷音倾。嬖,必计反。魁,苦回反。)龙人囚之。齐侯曰:“勿杀!吾与而盟,无入而封。”(封,竟。
  ○竟音境。)弗听。杀而膊诸城上。(膊,磔也。
  ○膊,普(pu)各(ge)反。磔,陟(zhi)百反。)

[疏]注“膊,磔也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《周礼》:“掌戮掌斩杀贼谍而博之(zhi)。”郑玄云(yun):“博当为‘膊诸城(cheng)上’之(zhi)膊字(zi)之(zhi)误也。膊谓去衣(yi)磔之(zhi)。”《方言》云(yun):“膊,曝也”。

齐侯(hou)亲鼓,士(shi)陵城(cheng)。三日,取龙。遂南(nan)侵(qin),及(ji)巢(chao)丘。取龙、侵(qin)巢(chao)丘不书,其义未闻。

[疏]注“取龙”至“未闻”。
  ○正义曰:外取内邑,非鲁之(zhi)罪(zui),无所可讳(hui)(hui),而此(ci)独不(bu)(bu)书,故(gu)杜云其(qi)义未(wei)闻(wen)。贾逵云:“杀卢蒲(pu)就(jiu)魁,不(bu)(bu)与齐(qi)盟,以亡(wang)其(qi)邑,故(gu)讳(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)书耳。”案楚子灭萧(xiao),婴齐(qi)入莒,皆杀楚人,而经不(bu)(bu)变文(wen)以加罪(zui),此(ci)何当改文(wen)以讳(hui)(hui)恶也(ye)?哀八(ba)年,“齐(qi)人取讙及阐”,以淫女见取,犹(you)尚书之(zhi);此(ci)杀敌见取,何以当讳(hui)(hui)?知讳(hui)(hui)义不(bu)(bu)通(tong),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)也(ye)。

卫侯使孙良夫、石稷、甯相、向禽将侵齐,与齐师遇。齐伐鲁还,相遇於卫也。良夫,孙林父之父。石稷,石碏四世孙。甯相,甯俞子。
  ○相,息亮反。向,舒亮反。碏,七略反。俞,羊朱反。石子欲还,孙子曰:“不可!以师伐人,遇其师而还,将谓君何?言无以答君。若知不能,则如无出。今既遇矣,不如战也。”夏有……阙文,失新筑战事。石成子曰:“师败矣。子不少须,众惧尽。成子,石稷也。卫师巳败,而孙良夫复欲战,故成子欲使须救。
  ○复,扶又反。子丧师徒,何以复命?”皆不对。又曰:“子,国卿也。陨子,辱矣。陨,见禽获。
  ○丧,息浪反(fan)。陨,于敏反(fan)。

[疏]“皆不对”。
  ○正义曰(yue):子者,指斥(chi)孙子,其言并告诸将。言“皆(jie)不对”者,孙子与甯相、向禽皆(jie)不对。”又(you)曰(yue):子,国卿也”,乃(nai)专与孙子言耳。

子以众退,我此乃止。”我於此止御齐师。
  ○御,鱼吕反。且告车来甚众。新筑人教孙桓子,故并告令军中。齐师乃止,次于鞫居。鞫居,卫地。
  ○鞫,居六(liu)反。新筑人仲(zhong)叔于(yu)奚救孙(sun)桓(huan)子,桓(huan)子是(shi)以免。于(yu)奚,守新筑大夫。

[疏]注“于奚,守新筑大夫”。
  ○正义曰:大夫守(shou)邑,以邑冠之(zhi),呼为某人。孔(kong)子(zi)父,邹邑大夫,传称(cheng)邹人纥;《论语》谓孔(kong)子(zi)为邹人之(zhi)子(zi),即此类也。

既,卫人赏之以邑,赏于奚。辞,请曲县、轩县也。《周礼》:天子乐,宫县四面;诸侯轩县,阙南方。
  ○县音玄,注同。

[疏]注“轩县”至“南方”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·小胥》:“正乐(le)(le)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)位,王(wang)宫县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯轩(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),卿(qing)大夫判县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),士特(te)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。”郑玄云:“宫县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。轩(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),去其一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。判县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),又(you)去一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。特(te)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),又(you)去一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)象(xiang)宫室(shi),四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有墙,故(gu)谓之(zhi)宫县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。轩(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),其形(xing)曲,故(gu)《春秋传(chuan)》曰‘请(qing)曲县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、繁缨以(yi)朝’,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)礼也。”郑玄云:“乐(le)(le)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),谓锺磬之(zhi)属县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)於笱虡者(zhe)。轩(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),去南(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),辟(pi)王(wang)也。判县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),左(zuo)右之(zhi)合,又(you)空北面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。特(te)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)於东(dong)方(fang)(fang),或於阶间(jian)而已。”是先儒(ru)皆(jie)以(yi)阙(que)南(nan)方(fang)(fang),故(gu)曲也。《家语》说此事云“请(qing)曲县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)乐(le)(le),繁缨以(yi)朝”,王(wang)肃云:“轩(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),阙(que)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),故(gu)谓之(zhi)曲县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。”

繁缨以朝,许之。繁缨,马饰。皆诸侯之服。
  ○繁,步干反(fan),注同。

[疏]注“繁缨”至“之服”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·巾车》:“掌王之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)路(lu):玉路(lu),樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying),十有(you)(you)再就,以(yi)(yi)祀。金(jin)路(lu),樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)九就,同姓以(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)。象路(lu),樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)七就,异(yi)姓以(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)。革(ge)路(lu),绦缨(ying)五(wu)就,以(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)四卫。木路(lu),前樊(fan)(fan)鹄缨(ying),以(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)蕃(fan)国(guo)。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun):“樊(fan)(fan)读如鞶(pan)带之(zhi)(zhi)鞶(pan),谓金(jin)马(ma)大带也(ye)。”“缨(ying),金(jin)马(ma)鞅也(ye)。”玉路(lu)、金(jin)路(lu)、象路(lu),其樊(fan)(fan)及缨(ying)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)五(wu)彩(cai)罽饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。就,成(cheng)也(ye)。玉路(lu)十二成(cheng),金(jin)路(lu)九成(cheng),象路(lu)七成(cheng),革(ge)路(lu)樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)以(yi)(yi)绦丝饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)而五(wu)成(cheng),木路(lu)以(yi)(yi)浅黑饰(shi)(shi)韦为樊(fan)(fan),鹄色饰(shi)(shi)韦为缨(ying),亦五(wu)成(cheng)。是言天子诸侯樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)。繁(fan)即(ji)鞶(pan)也(ye),字之(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)耳。《巾车》又(you)云(yun):“孤乘夏(xia)篆,卿乘夏(xia)缦,大夫乘墨车,士乘栈(zhan)车”,其饰(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)无樊(fan)(fan)缨(ying)是繁(fan)缨(ying)为马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi),皆(jie)(jie)“诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)服”也(ye)。案(an)《仪礼·既夕》:士“荐马(ma)缨(ying)三就”。又(you)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)卿,有(you)(you)受革(ge)辂(lu)、木辂(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci),皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)繁(fan)缨(ying)。而云(yun)“诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)服”者,以(yi)(yi)与“曲(qu)县”相(xiang)对。又(you)于奚(xi)所请(qing),故云(yun)“诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)服”。且诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)卿特(te)赐(ci),乃有(you)(you)大辂(lu)。《士丧(sang)礼》为送葬设盛服耳,皆(jie)(jie)非正法所有(you)(you)。

仲尼闻之,曰:“惜也!不如多与之邑。唯器与名,不可以假人,器,车服。名,爵号。君之所司也。名以出信,名位不愆,为民所信。
  ○愆,起虔(qian)反。信以(yi)守(shou)器(qi),动不失信,则车(che)服(fu)可保。器(qi)以(yi)藏(zang)礼,车(che)服(fu)所以(yi)表(biao)尊卑(bei)。礼以(yi)行义,尊卑(bei)有(you)礼,各得其(qi)宜(yi)。义以(yi)生利(li),得其(qi)宜(yi),则利(li)生。利(li)以(yi)平(ping)民,政之(zhi)大节(jie)也(ye)。若以(yi)假人,与人政也(ye)。政亡,则国家从之(zhi),弗可止(zhi)也(ye)已(yi)。”

[疏]“仲尼”至“止也已”。
  ○正义曰:仲(zhong)尼在后闻(wen)之(zhi)曰:此(ci)(ci)曲县、繁缨(ying)可惜也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)如多与(yu)之(zhi)邑。唯车(che)(che)服(fu)之(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)与(yu)爵号之(zhi)名,不(bu)可以(yi)借人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)名号车(che)(che)服(fu),是(shi)君之(zhi)所(suo)主(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。名位不(bu)愆(qian),则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)下民(min)(min)所(suo)信,此(ci)(ci)名所(suo)以(yi)出信也(ye)(ye)(ye)。动不(bu)失信,然(ran)后车(che)(che)服(fu)可保,此(ci)(ci)信所(suo)以(yi)守车(che)(che)服(fu)之(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)明尊卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)别(bie),车(che)(che)服(fu)以(yi)表尊卑(bei)(bei),车(che)(che)服(fu)之(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi),其中(zhong)所(suo)以(yi)藏礼(li)(li)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)藏於车(che)(che)服(fu)之(zhi)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。义者,宜(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊卑(bei)(bei)各有(you)其礼(li)(li),上下乃得(de)其宜(yi)(yi),此(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)所(suo)以(yi)行其物(wu)宜(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)皆得(de)宜(yi)(yi),然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)利生(sheng)(sheng)焉,此(ci)(ci)义所(suo)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)利益(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。利益(yi)(yi)所(suo)以(yi)成民(min)(min),此(ci)(ci)乃政教之(zhi)大节也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若以(yi)名器(qi)(qi)(qi)借人(ren)(ren),则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)与(yu)人(ren)(ren)政也(ye)(ye)(ye)。政教既亡(wang)(wang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)国家从之(zhi)而亡(wang)(wang),不(bu)复(fu)可救止也(ye)(ye)(ye)。已言(yan)(yan)(yan)利以(yi)平(ping)民(min)(min)者,平(ping),成也(ye)(ye)(ye),每事有(you)利,所(suo)以(yi)成就下民(min)(min),使国益(yi)(yi)民(min)(min),皆是(shi)利也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)以(yi)曲县、繁缨(ying)与(yu)人(ren)(ren),假人(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)(qi)耳。名器(qi)(qi)(qi)俱是(shi)可重,故并(bing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)名。

孙桓子还(hai)於新筑,不入,不入国。遂如(ru)晋乞师。

臧宣叔亦如晋乞师。皆主郤献子。宣十七年,郤克至齐,为妇人所笑,遂怒。故鲁、卫因之。孙桓子、臧宣叔皆不以国命,各自诣郤克,故不书。晋侯许之七百乘。五万二千五百人。
  ○乘,绳证反,下同。郤子曰:“此城濮之赋也。城濮在僖二十八年。
  ○濮音卜。有先君之明与先大夫之肃,故捷。克於先大夫,无能为役。”无能为之役使。请八百乘,许之。六万人。郤克将中军,士燮将上军,范文子代荀庚。
  ○将,子匠反。

[疏]注“范文子代荀庚”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:宣十(shi)二年(nian)邲(bi)之(zhi)战,传称(cheng)“荀(xun)(xun)林父(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),先縠佐(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)。士(shi)会将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)佐(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)。赵(zhao)朔将(jiang)(jiang)下军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),栾(luan)(luan)书(shu)(shu)佐(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)。”十(shi)三年(nian)晋(jin)杀先縠,当(dang)是(shi)(shi)士(shi)会佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。不知谁(shei)代(dai)郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)佐(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)荀(xun)(xun)首为(wei)之(zhi)。十(shi)六年(nian)士(shi)会将(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),则林父(fu)卒矣。当(dang)是(shi)(shi)郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)荀(xun)(xun)首将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)佐(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)。十(shi)七年(nian)士(shi)会请(qing)老(lao),郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)将(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),当(dang)是(shi)(shi)荀(xun)(xun)首佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。所(suo)以(yi)知者(zhe),此(ci)年(nian)传称(cheng),楚屈巫对(dui)庄(zhuang)王云:“知罃之(zhi)父(fu)”,“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行伯之(zhi)季弟也(ye)(ye),新佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。”则荀(xun)(xun)首於庄(zhuang)王之(zhi)世,已佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。明士(shi)会老(lao)后(hou),郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)迁而荀(xun)(xun)首代(dai)也(ye)(ye)。首於邲(bi)战,尚(shang)为(wei)大夫(fu),不应宣之(zhi)末年(nian)得(de)佐(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),故(gu)疑(yi)先縠死后(hou),代(dai)郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)佐(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。明年(nian)“荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)来(lai)(lai)聘”,传称(cheng)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行伯之(zhi)於晋(jin)也(ye)(ye),其位在三”。则此(ci)时(shi)(shi)荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)矣。林父(fu)卒来(lai)(lai)已久,不应始用荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng),故(gu)疑(yi)林父(fu)卒后(hou),荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)即佐(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),士(shi)会老(lao)后(hou),荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)转将(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。故(gu)杜以(yi)为(wei)士(shi)燮伐荀(xun)(xun)庚(geng)也(ye)(ye)。邲(bi)战以(yi)来(lai)(lai),赵(zhao)朔无代(dai)。今栾(luan)(luan)书(shu)(shu)将(jiang)(jiang)下军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),则赵(zhao)朔卒矣,故(gu)知栾(luan)(luan)书(shu)(shu)代(dai)赵(zhao)朔,不知此(ci)时(shi)(shi)谁(shei)代(dai)栾(luan)(luan)书(shu)(shu)佐(zuo)(zuo)下军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。

栾书将下军,代赵朔。韩厥为司马,以救鲁、卫。臧宣叔逆晋师,且道之。季文子帅师会之。及卫地,韩献子将斩人,郤献子驰,将救之。至,则既斩之矣。郤子使速以徇,告其仆曰:“吾以分谤也。”不欲使韩氏独受谤。
  ○道音导。徇,似俊反。师从齐师于莘。莘,齐地。
  ○莘,所巾反。六月,壬申,师至于靡笄之下。靡笄,山名。
  ○靡笄,如字,又音摩。笄音鸡。齐侯使请战,曰:“子以君师,辱於敝邑,不腆敝赋,诘朝请见。”诘朝,平旦。
  ○腆,他典反。诘,起吉反。朝如字,注及下“朝夕”、“朝食”同。见,贤遍反。对曰:“晋与鲁、卫,兄弟也,来告曰:‘大国朝夕释憾於敝邑之地。’大国谓齐。敝邑,鲁、卫自称。
  ○憾,胡暗反,本又作感。寡君不忍,使群臣请於大国,无令舆师淹於君地。舆,众也。淹,久也。
  ○令,力呈反。师,如字,下“无令舆师”同,一音所类反。能进不能退,君无所辱命。”言自欲战,不复须君命。
  ○复,扶又反。齐侯曰:“大夫之许,寡人之原也;若其不许,亦将见也。”齐高固入晋师,桀石以投人,桀,担也。
  ○担,丁甘反。禽之而乘其车,既获其人,因释巳车,而载所获者车。系桑本焉,以徇齐垒,将至齐垒,以桑树击车而走,欲自异。
  ○垒,力轨反。曰:“欲勇者,贾余馀勇。”贾,卖也。言巳勇有馀,欲卖之。
  ○贾音古,注同。卖,摩懈反。癸酉,师陈于鞍。邴夏御齐侯,逢丑父为右。晋解张御郤克,郑玄缓为右。齐侯曰:“余姑翦灭此而朝食。”姑,且也。翦,尽也。
  ○陈,直觐反。邴音丙,又彼命反。夏,户雅反。解张,音蟹;下如字,一音直亮反。不介马而驰之。介,甲也。郤克伤於矢,流血及屦,未绝鼓音,中军将自执旗鼓,故虽伤而击鼓不息。
  ○将,子匠反,下(xia)将在左同。

[疏]注“中军”至“不息”。
  ○正义曰:以郤(xi)克为中军之(zhi)将。言己之(zhi)伤(shang)而(er)未绝(jue)鼓(gu)(gu)音,明是法(fa)当自(zi)执(zhi)旗(qi)鼓(gu)(gu)也。《周礼·大仆》:“军旅(lv)田役(yi)赞王鼓(gu)(gu)”,郑玄云(yun):“王通(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)佐(zuo),击其馀面。”上(shang)云(yun)“齐侯亲鼓(gu)(gu)”。则(ze)天子、诸侯自(zi)将兵者,亦亲执(zhi)旗(qi)鼓(gu)(gu)以令众。

曰:“余病矣!”张侯曰:“自始合,而矢贯余手及肘,余折以御,左轮朱殷,岂敢言病?吾子忍之!”张侯,解张也。朱,血色,血色久则殷。殷音近烟,今人谓赤黑为殷色。言血多汙车轮,御犹不敢息。
  ○贯,古乱反,下注同。肘,竹九反。折,之设反。殷,於闲反,徐於辰反,注同。近,附近之近。污,汙秽之汙,《字林》一故反。缓曰:“自始合,苟有险,余必下推车,子岂识之?然子病矣!”以其不识巳推车。
  ○推,昌谁反,又他回反,注及下“推车”同。张侯曰:“师之耳目,在吾旗鼓,进退从之。此车一人殿之,可以集事,殿,镇也。集,成也。
  ○殿,多缚反,注同。若之何其以病,
  ○绝句。败君之大事也?擐甲执兵,固即死也。擐,贯也。即,就也。
  ○擐音患。

[疏]“若之”至“事也”。
  ○正义曰:郤克云(yun)“余病矣”,言己不堪击鼓,欲有(you)退(tui)军之意。故责之云(yun):如之何其以(yi)身病之故,欲丧(sang)败君之大事也?

病未及死,吾子勉之!”左并辔,右援枹而鼓,马逸不能止,师从之。晋师从郤克车。
  ○并(bing),必政反(fan),徐方(fang)聘反(fan)。援(yuan)音爰。枹音浮,鼓槌也,《字林》云击鼓柄也,本亦作桴。

[疏]“援桴而鼓”。
  ○正义曰:《说文》云:“援,引也(ye)。”“枹,击鼓杖(zhang)也(ye)”。援枹而鼓,谓引杖(zhang)以(yi)击之。

齐师败绩。逐之,三周华不注。华不注,山名。
  ○华,如字,又户化反。注,之住反。韩厥梦子舆谓己曰:“旦辟左右。”子舆,韩厥父。故中御而从齐侯。居中代御者。自非元帅,御者皆在中,将在左。
  ○帅,所(suo)类反。

[疏]注“居中”至“在左”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:韩厥为(wei)司马,亦是军之诸(zhu)将(jiang)也。以(yi)(yi)梦之故,乃居中为(wei)御(yu),明(ming)其本不当中,先(xian)非御(yu)者。若御(yu)不在(zai)中,又不须云“代御(yu)”,以(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)自非元帅。其馀军之诸(zhu)将(jiang),皆御(yu)者在(zai)中,将(jiang)在(zai)左。

邴夏曰:“射其御者,君子也。”公曰:“谓之君子而射之,非礼也。”齐侯不知戎礼。
  ○射,食亦反,下并注皆(jie)同。

[疏]注“齐侯不知戎礼”。
  ○正义(yi)曰(yue):僖(xi)二十二年(nian)传曰(yue):“虽(sui)及胡耇(gou),获则取之(zhi)”,“明(ming)耻教(jiao),战(zhan)求杀(sha)(sha)敌(di)(di)(di)也。”宣二年(nian)传曰(yue):“戎(rong),昭(zhao)果(guo)毅以听(ting)之(zhi)之(zhi)谓礼(li)。杀(sha)(sha)敌(di)(di)(di)为果(guo),致(zhi)果(guo)为毅。”是(shi)戎(rong)事(shi)以杀(sha)(sha)敌(di)(di)(di)为礼(li)。齐(qi)侯(hou)谓射君子为非礼(li)者,乃是(shi)齐(qi)侯(hou)不知戎(rong)礼(li)也。

射其左,越于车下。越,队也。
  ○队,直类反。射其右,毙于车中。綦毋张丧车,从韩厥,曰:“请寓乘。”綦毋张,晋大夫。寓,寄也。
  ○綦毋音其,下音无。丧,息浪反。乘,绳证反。从左右。’皆肘之,使立於后。以左右皆死,不欲使立其处。
  ○处,昌(chang)虑反。

[疏]“皆肘之”。
  ○正义曰:《说文》云:“肘,臂节也。”谓(wei)左右为凶处(chu),故(gu)以肘排退(tui)之。

韩厥俛,定其右。俛,俯也。右被射,仆车中,故俯安隐之。
  ○俛音勉。仆音赴,又(you)蒲(pu)北反(fan)。

[疏]“韩厥俛,定其右”。
  ○正义曰:言此者,为下“丑父(fu)与公易位”。由厥之俯,故不(bu)觉(jue)其易。綦毋张(zhang)盖(gai)助厥定右,故并(bing)不(bu)见之。

逢丑父与公易位。居公处。将及华泉,骖絓於木而止。骖,马絓也。
  ○华,户化反。絓,户卦反,一音卦。骖,七南反。丑父寝於轏中,轏,士车。
  ○轏,生产反,又士板反,《字林(lin)》仕谏(jian)反,云(yun)卧(wo)车也。

[疏]注“轏,士车”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·巾车(che)》“士乘栈(zhan)车(che)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)玄云:“栈(zhan)车(che)不韦(wei)鞔(man)而(er)漆(qi)之。”《考工记·舆(yu)人》云“栈(zhan)车(che)欲弇”,郑(zheng)(zheng)玄云:“为其无革鞔(man),不坚,易(yi)坼填。”然则弇者(zhe),谓(wei)上狭下(xia)阔(kuo)也。轏与(yu)栈(zhan),字(zi)异音义同耳。

蛇出於其下,以肱击之,伤而匿之,故不能推车而及。为韩厥所及。丑父欲为右,故匿其伤。
  ○肱,古弘反。匿,女力反,注同。韩厥执絷马前,絷,马绊也。执之,示脩臣仆之职。
  ○絷,张立反。绊音半。再拜稽首,奉觞加璧以进,进觞璧,亦以示敬。
  ○觞,式(shi)羊反。

[疏]“韩厥”至“以进”。
  ○正义曰(yue):襄二十五年,“郑(zheng)公孙舍之(zhi)帅师(shi)入陈”,传曰(yue):“陈侯(hou)免,拥社”,“子展执絷而(er)(er)见(jian),再拜(bai)稽(ji)首,承饮而(er)(er)进(jin)献(xian)。”事与此同,唯无璧耳(er)。盖古者有此礼(li)(li)(li)。彼虽败(bai)绩,犹是国君,故战胜(sheng)之(zhi)将,示之(zhi)以臣礼(li)(li)(li)事之(zhi),不忍即加屈辱,所以申贵贱之(zhi)义。《晋(jin)语》云:“靡笄之(zhi)役(yi),卻献(xian)子伐(fa)。齐(qi)侯(hou)来,献(xian)之(zhi)以得殒(yun)命之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)也。”服虔引(yin)《司马法》:“其有殒(yun)命,以行礼(li)(li)(li)如会(hui)所,用仪也。若殒(yun)命,则左结旗,司马授饮,右持(chi)苞壶,左承饮以进(jin)。”杜不引(yin)之(zhi)者,盖彼此不甚相(xiang)当(dang)故也。

曰:“寡君使群臣为鲁、卫请,曰:‘无令舆师陷入君地。’本但为二国救请,不欲乃过入君地,谦辞。
  ○为,于伪反,注同。令,力呈反。下臣不幸,属当戎行,无所逃隐。属,適也。
  ○属音烛,注同。行,下郎反。且惧奔辟,而忝两君。臣辱戎士,若奔辟,则为辱晋君,并为齐侯羞,故言二君。此盖韩厥自处臣仆,谦敬之饰言。
  ○辟音避,注同,徐扶臂反,服氏扶赤反。敢告不敏,摄官承乏。”言欲以巳不敏,摄承空乏,从君俱还。
  ○从,才用反,又如字。丑父使公下,如华泉取饮。郑周父御佐车,宛茷为右,载齐侯以免。佐车,副车。
  ○宛,纡元反。茷,扶废反。韩厥献丑父,郤献子将戮之。呼曰:“自今无有代其君任患者,有一於此,将为戮乎!”郤子曰:“人不难以死免其君,我戮之不祥,赦之,以劝事君者。”乃免之。齐侯免,求丑父,三入三出。重其待己,故三入晋军求之。
  ○呼,火(huo)故(gu)反(fan)。任(ren)音壬。难,乃(nai)旦反(fan)。

[疏]注“重其”至“求之”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):刘(liu)炫(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)齐(qi)(qi)侯三(san)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)军(jun)(jun),又三(san)出(chu)(chu)(chu)齐(qi)(qi)军(jun)(jun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)求丑父。每(mei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之时(shi),齐(qi)(qi)之将帅败(bai)而(er)怖惧,以(yi)(yi)(yi)师而(er)退,不(bu)(bu)待(dai)齐(qi)(qi)侯,致使(shi)齐(qi)(qi)侯入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)于狄卒,今知不(bu)(bu)然者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)文(wen)三(san)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)在前(qian),三(san)出(chu)(chu)(chu)在后(hou)。若用此(ci)说,齐(qi)(qi)侯先在晋军(jun)(jun),今入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)军(jun)(jun),得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)在前(qian)。今齐(qi)(qi)侯既(ji)先在齐(qi)(qi)军(jun)(jun),欲出(chu)(chu)(chu)求丑父,应先出(chu)(chu)(chu)后(hou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),不(bu)(bu)应先入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)后(hou)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。且初时(shi)二(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)容(rong)有(you)二(er)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),在后(hou)之出(chu)(chu)(chu),遂入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)狄卒,有(you)出(chu)(chu)(chu)无入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru),何得(de)云三(san)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)?又以(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)文(wen)师、帅两(liang)字分(fen)明,故(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)齐(qi)(qi)侯每(mei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)齐(qi)(qi)师,以(yi)(yi)(yi)帅厉退者。每(mei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)之文(wen),别自为(wei)义(yi)(yi),不(bu)(bu)计上之三(san)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。刘(liu)君不(bu)(bu)达此(ci)旨,妄(wang)规杜(du)失,非也。

每出,齐师以帅退,入于狄卒,齐师大败,皆有退心,故齐侯轻出其众,以帅厉退者,遂迸入狄卒。狄卒者,狄人从晋讨齐者。
  ○卒,子忽反,注及下同。轻,遣政反。迸,补诤反。狄卒皆抽戈楯冒之,以入于卫师。卫师免之。狄、卫畏齐之强,故不敢害齐侯,皆共免护之。
  ○楯,食准反,又音允。冒,亡报反。遂自徐关入。齐侯见保者,曰:“勉之!齐师败矣。”所过城邑,皆勉励其守者。
  ○守,手又反。辟女子,使辟君也。齐侯单还,故妇人不辟之。
  ○辟音避,注皆同,一音扶赤反。单音丹。女子曰:“君免乎?”曰:“免矣”。曰:“锐司徒免乎?”曰:“免矣。”锐司徒,主锐兵者。
  ○锐,悦岁反。曰:“苟君与吾父免矣,可若何!”言馀人不可复如何。
  ○复,扶又反。乃奔。走辟君。齐侯以为有礼,先问君,后问父故也。既而问之,辟司徒之妻也。辟司徒,主垒壁者。
  ○辟音壁,必觅反,注同,徐甫亦反。予之石窌。石窌,邑名,济北卢县东有地名石窌。
  ○窌,力救反,一音力到反。晋师从齐师,入自丘舆,击马陉。丘舆、马陉,皆齐邑。
  ○陉音刑。齐侯使宾媚人赂以纪甗、玉磬与地。媚人,国佐也。甗,玉甑,皆灭纪所得。
  ○媚,美异反。赂音路。甗(yan),鱼(yu)辇反,徐音彦(yan),又(you)音言(yan),《字(zi)林》牛健反。甑,子孕反,又(you)慈(ci)陵反。

[疏(shu)]注“媚人(ren)(ren)”至“所得”。正义曰:经书“齐侯(hou)(hou)使国(guo)(guo)佐(zuo)(zuo)如师(shi)”,故(gu)知宾媚人(ren)(ren)即(ji)国(guo)(guo)佐(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)。杜《谱》云:“国(guo)(guo)佐(zuo)(zuo),宾媚人(ren)(ren),武子,三事互见於经、传(chuan),不(bu)知宾媚人(ren)(ren)是何(he)等名号也(ye)。”郑玄(xuan)注《考工记》云:“甗(yan),无底甑。”《方(fang)言(yan)》云:“甑,自关而东(dong)谓之(zhi)甗(yan)。”知甗(yan)是甑也(ye)。下云“子得其国(guo)(guo)宝”,知甗(yan)亦(yi)以(yi)玉(yu)为之(zhi)。传(chuan)文(wen)“玉(yu)”在“甗(yan)”、“磬(qing)”之(zhi)间,明二者皆是玉(yu)也(ye)。庄(zhuang)四年“纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)大去其国(guo)(guo)”。不(bu)言(yan)齐灭,而云“灭纪(ji)(ji)所得”者,纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)被(bei)逼而去,后齐侯(hou)(hou)收其民人(ren)(ren),又取其国(guo)(guo)宝,此则与灭无异,故(gu)为此解(jie)。

“不可,则听客之所为。”宾媚人致赂,晋人不可,曰:“必以萧同叔子为质,同叔,萧君之字,齐侯外祖父。子,女也。难斥言其母,故远言之。
  ○质,徐音致,下同。难,乃旦反。而使齐之封内尽东其亩。”使垄亩东西行。
  ○尽,津忍反(fan)。垄(long),力勇反(fan)。行,户郎反(fan),又如字。对(dui)曰(yue):“萧同(tong)叔子(zi)非他(ta),寡君(jun)(jun)之母(mu)也。若(ruo)(ruo)以匹(pi)敌(di),则(ze)亦晋君(jun)(jun)之母(mu)也。吾子(zi)布大命於(wu)诸侯,而(er)曰(yue):‘必质其母(mu)以为信。’其若(ruo)(ruo)王(wang)命何?言(yan)违王(wang)命。且是以不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)令也。《诗(shi)》曰(yue):‘孝(xiao)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)匮,永锡尔类(lei)。’《诗(shi)·大雅(ya)》。言(yan)孝(xiao)心不(bu)(bu)(bu)乏者,又能以孝(xiao)道长(zhang)赐其志类(lei)。若(ruo)(ruo)以不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)令於(wu)诸侯,其无乃非德类(lei)也乎?不(bu)(bu)(bu)以孝(xiao)德赐同(tong)类(lei)。

[疏]“萧同”至“类也乎”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:萧同叔子(zi)非他人,是(shi)(shi)(shi)寡君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)也(ye)。若以匹敌言之(zhi)(zhi),则亦(yi)晋君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)也(ye)。吾(wu)子(zi)布(bu)大(da)命(ming)於(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),而曰必质(zhi)其(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)以为信,其(qi)若王(wang)命(ming)何!先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye),使之(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)母(mu),亲其(qi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)。今轻(qing)慢其(qi)母(mu),不(bu)爱同类(lei)(lei)(lei),即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)违王(wang)命(ming)也(ye)。柰(nai)此王(wang)命(ming)何!子(zi)今轻(qing)齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)轻(qing)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)。自(zi)轻(qing)其(qi)母(mu),即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。且告(gao)吾(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云以母(mu)为质(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)此者(zhe)以不(bu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)事令(ling)(ling)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)意言孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子(zi)所以行孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),不(bu)为匮乏(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)道,故以孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道长赐(ci)女之(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)类(lei)(lei)(lei)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei),晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆以孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德赐(ci)同类(lei)(lei)(lei)。若以不(bu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)事号(hao)令(ling)(ling)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),其(qi)无乃非是(shi)(shi)(shi)以孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德赐(ci)同类(lei)(lei)(lei)乎?责其(qi)违孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道也(ye)。所引(yin)《诗》者(zhe),《大(da)雅·既醉(zui)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇。

先王疆理天下物土之宜,而布其利,疆,界也。理,正也。物土之宜,播殖之物各从土宜。
  ○疆(jiang),居良反,注下皆同(tong)。故(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)》曰:‘我(wo)疆(jiang)我(wo)理(li),南(nan)东(dong)其亩。’《诗(shi)(shi)·小雅(ya)》“或南(nan)或东(dong),从其土宜”。

[疏]“诗曰”至“其亩”。
  ○正义曰:此《诗·小(xiao)雅(ya)·信(xin)南山》之篇。

今吾子疆理诸侯,而曰‘尽东其亩’而已,唯吾子戎车是利,晋之伐齐,循垄东行易。
  ○易,以豉反。无顾土宜,其无乃非先王之命也乎?反先王则不义,何以为盟主?其晋实有阙。阙,失。四王之王也,禹、汤、文、武。
  ○之王,于况反。树德而济同欲焉。树,立也。济,成也。五伯之霸也,夏伯昆吾,商伯大彭、豕韦,周伯齐桓、晋文。
  ○或曰:齐(qi)桓、晋(jin)文、宋襄(xiang)、秦(qin)穆、楚庄。

[疏]注“夏伯”至“晋文”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):《郑语》云(yun):“祝融能昭显天地之(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)明”,“其后八姓(xing)”,“昆吾为(wei)(wei)夏(xia)伯(bo)(bo)矣,大彭、豕韦为(wei)(wei)商(shang)伯(bo)(bo)”。《论语》云(yun):“管仲相桓(huan)公,霸(ba)(ba)(ba)诸(zhu)侯(hou)。”昭九年传(chuan)曰(yue):“文之(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye),岂(qi)能改(gai)物。”是三代有伍(wu)伯(bo)(bo)矣。伯(bo)(bo)者长也(ye),言(yan)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)长也(ye)。郑玄云(yun):“天子衰(shuai),诸(zhu)侯(hou)兴故曰(yue)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)。霸(ba)(ba)(ba),把(ba)也(ye),言(yan)把(ba)持王(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)政教,故其字(zi)或作伯(bo)(bo),或作霸(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)。

勤而抚之,以役王命。役,事也。今吾子求合诸侯,以逞无疆之欲。疆,竟也。
  ○竟如字,又音境(jing)。

[疏]“四王”至“之欲”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:禹、汤(tang)、文、武四王(wang)(wang)之王(wang)(wang)天下(xia)也,立德於民(min)而(er)成其(qi)同欲(yu)。民(min)有所欲(yu),上即同之。东亩南亩,皆顺民(min)意。五伯之霸诸(zhu)侯也,唯勤劳其(qi)功而(er)抚顺之,以(yi)奉事王(wang)(wang)命而(er)已,不改王(wang)(wang)之制度也。吾子(zi)求(qiu)合诸(zhu)侯,以(yi)快其(qi)无疆畔之欲(yu),止求(qiu)自快巳欲(yu),不与民(min)同,是违王(wang)(wang)霸之政(zheng)也。

《诗》曰:‘布政优优,百禄是遒。’《诗·颂》。殷汤布政优和,故百禄来聚。遒,聚也。
  ○遒(qiu),在(zai)由(you)反;徐,子(zi)由(you)反。子(zi)实不优,而弃百(bai)禄,诸侯何害(hai)焉?言不能为(wei)诸侯害(hai)。

[疏]“诗曰”至“害焉”。
  ○正义曰:《诗(shi)·商(shang)颂》。言成汤布政优优然而宽,故百种(zhong)福禄於(wu)(wu)是(shi)聚归之(zhi)。子实不能(neng)优宽,而自弃福禄,於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)何害?言不能(neng)为(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)害也。所(suo)引《诗(shi)》者,《商(shang)颂·长发》之(zhi)篇。

不然,不见许。寡君之命使臣则有辞矣,曰:‘子以君师辱於敝邑,不腆敝赋,以犒从者。战而曰犒,为孙辞。
  ○使,所吏反(fan)。犒,苦报反(fan)。从,才用反(fan)。

[疏]注“战而曰犒,为孙辞”。
  ○正义曰:士卒之(zhi)劳於外,师众枯槁,以酒(jiu)食劳之(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)犒师。此以师拒(ju)战,非(fei)犒劳之(zhi)义,而亦称犒者,言(yan)以此师众往当(dang)待之(zhi),如(ru)以酒(jiu)食犒之(zhi)然,为孙顺(shun)之(zhi)辞耳(er)。

畏君之震,师徒桡败。震,动。桡,曲也。
  ○桡,乃教反。吾子惠徼齐国之福,不泯其社稷,使继旧好,唯是先君之敝器、土地不敢爱。子又不许。请收合馀烬,烬,火馀木。
  ○泯,弥忍反。好,呼报反。合,如字,一音閤。烬,似刃反。背城借一。欲於城下,复借一战。
  ○背音(yin)佩。复(fu),扶(fu)又反。敝邑之幸(xing),亦云从(cong)也,况(kuang)其不(bu)幸(xing),敢(gan)不(bu)唯(wei)命是(shi)听?’”言完(wan)全之时,尚(shang)不(bu)敢(gan)违晋,今若(ruo)不(bu)幸(xing),则从(cong)命。

[疏]注“言完”至“从命”。
  ○正义曰:言於(wu)先(xian)完(wan)全福幸之时(shi),尚(shang)不违晋,故(gu)言“亦(yi)云(yun)从也”,是指其实(shi)事(shi)。刘炫(xuan)以为(wei)齐人请战,言敝邑脱或有幸战胜,亦(yi)云(yun)从也,虚称未然之事(shi)。乖(guai)违文(wen)势上下,苟异杜(du)氏(shi),而规其过,非也。

鲁、卫谏曰:“齐疾我矣!谏郤克也。其死亡者,皆亲暱也。子若不许,雠我必甚。唯子则又何求?子得其国宝,谓甗、磬。
  ○昵,女乙反。我亦得地,齐归所侵。而纾於难,齐服则难缓。
  ○纾音纡,缓也,一音直吕反。难,乃旦反,下同。其荣多矣。齐、晋亦唯天所授,岂必晋?”晋人许之,对曰:“群臣帅赋舆赋舆,犹兵车。以为鲁、卫请,若苟有以藉口而复於寡君,藉,荐。复,白也。
  ○为(wei),于伪反。藉,在(zai)夜反,注(zhu)同。

[疏]注“藉,荐。复,白也”。
  ○正义曰(yue):礼,承玉之物(wu)名为缫藉(jie)。藉(jie)是承荐(jian)之言(yan),故(gu)(gu)为荐(jian)也(ye)。复者,报(bao)命(ming)於君,故(gu)(gu)为白也(ye)。言(yan)无物(wu)则空口(kou)以为报(bao)。少(shao)有所得,则与口(kou)为藉(jie),故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)藉(jie)口(kou)。服虔云:“今河(he)南俗语(yu),治生(sheng)求利,少(shao)有所得,皆言(yan)可用(yong)藉(jie)手矣。”

君之(zhi)惠也。敢不唯命是(shi)听?”禽(qin)郑(zheng)自(zi)师逆公。禽(qin)郑(zheng),鲁(lu)大(da)夫。归逆公会晋师。

秋,七月,晋师及齐国佐盟于爰娄,使齐人归我汶阳之田。公会晋师于上鄍,上鄍,地阙。公会晋师不书,史阙。
  ○鄍,觅经反(fan)。

[疏]注“上鄍”至“史阙”。
  ○正义曰:定(ding)八年经(jing)书“公会晋师于瓦(wa)”。此独(du)不书,故云“史(shi)阙(que)(que)”,谓旧史(shi)先阙(que)(que),故仲尼脩经(jing)无之。

赐三帅先路三命之服,三帅:郤克、士燮、栾书。已尝受王先路之赐,今改而易新,并此车所建、所服之物。
  ○帅,所(suo)类反,注及下同。

[疏]“赐三”至“之服”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼·典命》:“公之孤四命”,“其卿三命,其大夫再命,其士一命”,“侯伯之卿、大夫、士亦如之。”此二帅皆卿也,本国三命,故鲁赐以“三命之服”。司马、司空、舆帅、侯正、亚旅,皆大夫,本国一命,故皆受“一命之服”。於卿言赐,於大夫言受,互相足也。《周礼》大夫再命,此司马、司空等皆一命者,春秋之时,其事巳异於《周礼》,故大夫一命。
  ○注“三帅”至“之物”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰:三(san)卿(qing)(qing)皆统一军(jun),故(gu)(gu)(gu)总称三(san)帅(shuai)(shuai)。鲁君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)晋(jin)(jin)臣,正(zheng)可(ke)知其(qi)(qi)法所(suo)得(de)服(fu),改新以(yi)(yi)(yi)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er),不得(de)特命他臣发初赐(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)物(wu)。且(qie)彼若(ruo)先(xian)无此(ci)物(wu),则无由敢受(shou)(shou)鲁赐(ci),故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)此(ci)三(san)帅(shuai)(shuai)“巳尝(chang)受(shou)(shou)王(wang)先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci),今(jin)改而(er)易新”,并此(ci)车(che)(che)所(suo)建之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旌旗,所(suo)著之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣服(fu),皆赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。案《释例》:“先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)者,革(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu),若(ruo)木(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。或(huo)(huo)云(yun)先(xian),或(huo)(huo)云(yun)次(ci),盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)数(shu)为(wei)差。其(qi)(qi)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)王(wang)则称大(da)(da)。”杜(du)言(yan)“革(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu)若(ruo)木(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”者,或(huo)(huo)用(yong)革(ge)(ge),或(huo)(huo)用(yong)木(mu)也(ye)。知“受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)王(wang)则称大(da)(da)”者,郑子(zi)蟜、叔孙穆子(zi)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)王(wang)皆称大(da)(da),是(shi)也(ye)。革(ge)(ge)、木(mu)是(shi)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)车(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊者,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。金(jin)路(lu)(lu)(lu)是(shi)诸(zhu)侯车(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊者,亦(yi)称大(da)(da)。则定(ding)四年大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、大(da)(da)旂(qi)是(shi)也(ye)。玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu),天子(zi)车(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊者,亦(yi)称大(da)(da),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《顾命》云(yun)“大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)在宾阶面(mian)”是(shi)也(ye)。言(yan)“所(suo)建、所(suo)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)”者,《周礼·巾(jin)车(che)(che)》:“革(ge)(ge)路(lu)(lu)(lu),建大(da)(da)白以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎。”《司(si)服(fu)》云(yun):“凡兵事,韦(wei)弁(bian)服(fu)。”《巾(jin)车(che)(che)》又云(yun):“木(mu)路(lu)(lu)(lu),建大(da)(da)麾以(yi)(yi)(yi)田。”《司(si)服(fu)》又云(yun):“凡田冠弁(bian)服(fu)。”然则此(ci)车(che)(che)所(suo)建,或(huo)(huo)是(shi)大(da)(da)白、大(da)(da)麾,所(suo)服(fu)或(huo)(huo)是(shi)韦(wei)弁(bian)、冠弁(bian)。刘炫以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)既(ji)言(yan)“先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”,则是(shi)晋(jin)(jin)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci),杜(du)云(yun)“受(shou)(shou)王(wang)先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)”,非其(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)。今(jin)知不然者,杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)穆叔、子(zi)蟜尝(chang)受(shou)(shou)王(wang)路(lu)(lu)(lu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)据而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释例》应云(yun)“受(shou)(shou)王(wang)大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)”。言(yan)“先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”者,顺传“先(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。刘以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)尝(chang)受(shou)(shou)晋(jin)(jin)君赐(ci)而(er)规杜(du)氏(shi),非也(ye)。

司(si)马(ma)、司(si)空、舆帅、候正、亚(ya)(ya)旅,皆(jie)(jie)受一命之服。晋司(si)马(ma)、司(si)空皆(jie)(jie)大夫(fu),舆帅主兵车,候正主斥(chi)候,亚(ya)(ya)旅亦(yi)大夫(fu)也(ye)。皆(jie)(jie)鲁侯(hou)赐。

[疏]注“晋司”至“侯赐”。
  ○正义曰:司马(ma)、司空(kong)(kong),本是(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)官之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。但(dan)晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)诸卿(qing)(qing)(qing),皆以三军(jun)将佐(zuo)为(wei)号,其司马(ma)、司空(kong)(kong),皆为(wei)大(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)官,仍(reng)有为(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)嫌,故云(yun)“晋(jin)(jin)司马(ma)、司空(kong)(kong)皆大(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。明他国以为(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),晋(jin)(jin)以为(wei)大(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。舆帅(shuai)(shuai)至於亚(ya)旅,本是(shi)(shi)大(da)夫(fu)官名(ming),故又云(yun)“亦大(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。军(jun)行有此大(da)天(tian)从者(zhe),司马(ma)主甲兵(bing),司空(kong)(kong)主营垒,舆帅(shuai)(shuai)主兵(bing)车,候正主斥(chi)候。亚(ya)旅次於卿(qing)(qing)(qing),是(shi)(shi)众(zhong)大(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),无专职掌(zhang),散共军(jun)事(shi),故后言之(zhi)(zhi)。直(zhi)言“受服(fu)”,嫌非鲁赐(ci),故云(yun)“皆鲁侯赐(ci)”。

八月,宋文公卒。始厚葬,用蜃炭,益车马,始用殉。烧蛤为炭以瘗壙,多埋车马,用人从葬。
  ○蜃,市忍反(fan),蛤(ha)也。炭,吐旦反(fan)。殉,似浚反(fan)。蛤(ha),古(gu)答反(fan)。瘗,於例反(fan)。壙,苦晃反(fan),一音旷(kuang)。

[疏]注“烧蛤”至“从葬”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《晋语》云:“雀入于海为(wei)蛤,雉入于淮为(wei)蜃(shen)(shen)。”《月令》孟冬(dong)“雉入大(da)(da)水(shui)为(wei)蜃(shen)(shen)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云:“大(da)(da)水(shui),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)淮也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”大(da)(da)蛤曰(yue)蜃(shen)(shen),则蜃(shen)(shen)者,蛤之类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼·掌蜃(shen)(shen)》:“掌敛(lian)互(hu)物(wu)蜃(shen)(shen)物(wu),以共闉壙(kuang)之蜃(shen)(shen)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云:“互(hu)物(wu),蟠蛤之属。闉犹(you)塞也(ye)(ye)(ye)。将井椁先塞下,以蜃(shen)(shen)御湿(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜃(shen)(shen)以瘗壙(kuang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼·檀弓记(ji)》曰(yue):“涂(tu)车(che)(che)刍(chu)(chu)灵(ling),自(zi)古(gu)有之。”郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云:“刍(chu)(chu)灵(ling),束茅(mao)为(wei)人马(ma)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之灵(ling)者,神之类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”不(bu)解涂(tu)车(che)(che),当是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)泥为(wei)车(che)(che)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传言“益车(che)(che)马(ma)”者,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)涂(tu)车(che)(che)茅(mao)马(ma)益多於(wu)常(chang)(chang),故云“多埋(mai)车(che)(che)马(ma)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)云“杀人以卫(wei)死(si)者曰(yue)殉(xun)(xun)”,言殉(xun)(xun)还其(qi)左(zuo)右也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言“始用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)殉(xun)(xun)”,则自(zi)此(ci)以后(hou),宋君葬常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)殉(xun)(xun),故谓(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)为(wei)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫以为(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜃(shen)(shen)炭者,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜃(shen)(shen)复用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炭。知(zhi)不(bu)然者,杜(du)以传用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜃(shen)(shen)炭共文,故知(zhi)烧蛤为(wei)炭。又且炭亦(yi)灰之类,虽(sui)灰亦(yi)得称炭。刘君以为(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜃(shen)(shen)复用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炭而(er)规(gui)杜(du)氏(shi),非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

重器备,重,犹多也。
  ○重,直(zhi)恭反,注同(tong)。

[疏]注“重犹多也”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:重谓重叠(die),故犹多(duo),多(duo)为明器(qi)也。言器(qi)备(bei)(bei)者,《既夕礼》陈明器(qi)云(yun):“用(yong)器(qi):弓矢、耒耜、敦扞、槃(pan)匜”,“役器(qi):甲胄、干笮、燕(yan)器(qi)、杖笠、翣。”其器(qi)有共用(yong)之(zhi)器(qi),有备(bei)(bei)御之(zhi)器(qi),故言器(qi)备(bei)(bei)。

椁有四阿,棺有翰桧。四阿,四注椁也。翰,旁饰;桧,上饰。皆王礼。
  ○椁音郭。翰,户旦反,一(yi)音韩。桧,古外反,徐音会。

[疏]注“四阿”至“王礼”。
  ○正义曰:《周礼(li)·匠人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)殷人(ren)(ren)“四阿重(zhong)屋”。郑玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“阿,栋也。四角(jiao)设栋也。是为四注(zhu)椁(guo)(guo)也。”《既夕礼(li)》陈明器云(yun)(yun)(yun)“抗(kang)木横三(san)缩(suo)二(er)(er)”谓於椁(guo)(guo)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)设此(ci)木,从二(er)(er)横三(san),以(yi)负(fu)土。则(ze)(ze)士之(zhi)椁(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)平也。今此(ci)椁(guo)(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)四注(zhu)而下(xia),则(ze)(ze)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方而尖也。礼(li),天子椁(guo)(guo)题凑,诸侯不(bu)(bu)题凑。不(bu)(bu)题凑则(ze)(ze)无四阿。《释(shi)诂》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“桢、翰(han),幹也。”舍人(ren)(ren)曰:“桢,正也,筑墙(qiang)所(suo)立(li)两(liang)木也。翰(han),所(suo)以(yi)当(dang)(dang)墙(qiang)两(liang)边,障土者也。”翰(han)在墙(qiang)之(zhi)旁(pang),则(ze)(ze)知此(ci)翰(han)亦在旁(pang)也。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)弁(bian)如星”,郑玄(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)谓弁(bian)之(zhi)缝中(zhong)”,言其(qi)际会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)处也。会(hui)(hui)(hui)在弁(bian)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),知此(ci)桧(gui)亦在上(shang)(shang)(shang)。棺有(you)此(ci)物(wu),明是其(qi)饰,故以(yi)为旁(pang)饰、上(shang)(shang)(shang)饰也。言“椁(guo)(guo)有(you)”、“棺有(you)”,则(ze)(ze)是本(ben)不(bu)(bu)当(dang)(dang)有(you),言其(qi)厚葬,讥其(qi)奢(she)僣(tie)。宋公所(suo)僣(tie),必僣(tie)天子。明此(ci)四阿、翰(han)、桧(gui),皆(jie)是王之(zhi)礼(li)也。蜃炭言“用”,亦本(ben)不(bu)(bu)当(dang)(dang)用。其(qi)蜃炭盖亦王之(zhi)礼(li)也。车马、器备,法得有(you)之(zhi),言“益”言“重(zhong)”,但讥其(qi)多耳。殉则(ze)(ze)本(ben)不(bu)(bu)得然,非讥其(qi)僣(tie)。

君子谓:“华元、乐举,於是乎不臣。臣,治烦去惑者也,是以伏死而争。今二子者,君生则纵其惑,谓文十八年,杀母弟须。
  ○去,起吕反,下“去之”同。争,争斗之争。死又益其侈,是弃君於恶也。何臣之为?”若言何用为臣。
  ○侈(chi),昌氏(shi)反,又式(shi)氏(shi)反。

[疏]注“若言何用为臣”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:言(yan)何用为臣,是不成(cheng)(cheng)臣也(ye)。言(yan)虽有若无(wu)。刘君还以为不成(cheng)(cheng)臣,与杜(du)义无(wu)别(bie),而规杜(du)氏,非(fei)也(ye)。

九月,卫穆公卒,晋二子自役吊焉,哭於大门之外。师还过卫,故因吊之。未复命,故不敢成礼。
  ○过,古禾反,又古卧反。卫人(ren)(ren)逆之(zhi),逆,於(wu)门(men)(men)(men)外设丧位。妇人(ren)(ren)哭(ku)於(wu)门(men)(men)(men)内,丧位,妇人(ren)(ren)哭(ku)於(wu)堂。宾在(zai)门(men)(men)(men)外,故移在(zai)门(men)(men)(men)内。送(song)亦如之(zhi)。遂常以葬。至葬行此礼(li)。

[疏]“哭於”至“以葬”。
  ○正义曰:“哭於大门之外”,谓大门外之西东面。“卫人逆之”,谓大门外之东西面。各从宾主之位。“妇人哭於门内”,谓门内之西东面,以堂上在西东面故也。至於三子之去,卫人送之,其位亦如之。自此有邻国吊者,常行此礼,以至於葬。沈氏云:《杂记》:“吊者即位于门西,东面。主孤西面。相者受命曰:孤某使请事。客曰:寡君使某,如何不淑。相者入告。出曰:孤某须矣。吊者入,主人升堂西面。吊者升自西阶,东面致命。”此臣奉君命行吊之礼,今三子师行经卫竟,不敢成礼,故於大门之外,
  ○注“丧位”至“於堂”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《丧大记(ji)》云:君之丧,“夫人(ren)坐于(yu)西方,内(nei)命妇姑姊妹子姓立于(yu)西方,外命妇率外宗哭於堂(tang)上北面”。又曰“妇人(ren)迎客(ke)送客(ke)不下堂(tang)”,是“丧位,妇人(ren)哭於堂(tang)”。

楚之讨陈夏氏也,在宣十一年。
  ○夏(xia),户雅反,下同。庄王(wang)欲纳(na)夏(xia)姬(ji),申公巫(wu)臣曰:“不(bu)可!君召诸(zhu)侯,以讨罪也。今纳(na)夏(xia)姬(ji),贪其色(se)(se)也。贪色(se)(se)为(wei)淫,淫为(wei)大(da)罚。《周(zhou)书》曰:‘明(ming)德(de)慎(shen)罚。’《周(zhou)书·康诰》文(wen)王(wang)所以造周(zhou)也。明(ming)德(de),务崇之之谓(wei)(wei)也。慎(shen)罚,务去之之谓(wei)(wei)也。

[疏]“周书”至“谓也”。
  ○正义曰:《周书·康诰》之(zhi)篇(pian),周公述(shu)文(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)事,以告康叔云:“惟乃(nai)丕显(xian)考(kao)文(wen)王(wang),克明(ming)德慎(shen)罚(fa)。”巫臣既引其(qi)(qi)言(yan),乃(nai)申其(qi)(qi)意,言(yan)文(wen)王(wang)能为此行(xing),故所以造周国也(ye)。“务(wu)崇(chong)之(zhi)”,谓(wei)务(wu)欲(yu)崇(chong)益道德。“务(wu)去之(zhi)”,谓(wei)务(wu)欲(yu)去其(qi)(qi)刑罚(fa)。

若兴诸侯,以取大罚,非慎之也。君其图之!”王乃止。子反欲取之,巫臣曰:“是不祥人也!是夭子蛮,子蛮,郑灵公,夏姬之兄,杀死无后。
  ○杀,申志反,下文杀灵侯同。杀御叔,御叔,夏姬之夫,亦早死。
  ○御,鱼据反。

[疏]“天子蛮杀御叔”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:子蛮、御叔,自以短(duan)命(ming)死耳。似(si)天锺美於是,致使(shi)物无(wu)两大,故以二事(shi)为夏姬之(zhi)罪(zui)。

弑灵侯,陈灵公也。戮夏南,夏姬子徵舒。出孔、仪,孔宁、仪行父。丧陈国,楚灭陈。
  ○丧,息浪反,下注“而丧”同。何不祥如是?人生实难,其有不获死乎!言死易得,无为取夏姬以速之。
  ○易,以豉反。天下多美妇人,何必是?”子反乃止。王以予连尹襄老。襄老死於邲,不获其尸。邲战在宣十二年。其子黑要烝焉。黑要,襄老子。
  ○要,一遥反。烝,之承反。巫臣使道焉,曰:“归,吾聘女。”道夏姬使归郑。
  ○道音导,注同。聘女,匹政反,下音汝。

[疏]“归,吾聘女”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:《礼记·内则》云(yun):“聘则为妻,奔(ben)则为妾。”道(dao)之云(yun):女归(gui)郑国,吾依礼聘女以为妻也。

又使自郑召之,曰:“尸可得也,襄老尸。必来逆之。”姬以告王,王问诸屈巫。屈巫,巫臣。
  ○屈,居勿反。对曰:“其信!知罃之父,成公之嬖也,而中行伯之季弟也。知罃父,荀首也。中行伯,荀林父也。邲之战,楚人囚知罃。
  ○知罃音智,下於耕反。新佐中军,而善郑皇戌,甚爱此子。爱知罃也。其必因郑而归王子与襄老之尸以求之。王子,楚公子穀臣也。邲之战,以荀首囚之。郑人惧於邲之役而欲求媚於晋,其必许之。”王遣夏姬归。将行,谓送者曰:“不得尸,吾不反矣。”巫臣聘诸郑,郑伯许之。聘夏姬。及共王即位,将为阳桥之役,楚伐鲁至阳桥,在此年冬。
  ○共音恭。使屈巫聘于齐,且告师期,巫臣尽室以行。室家尽去。申叔跪从其父,将適郢,遇之,叔跪,申叔时之子。
  ○跪,其委反,一音居委反,从,才用反。郢,以井反,又以政反。曰:“异哉!夫子有三军之惧,而又有《桑中》之喜,宜将窃妻以逃者也。”《桑中》,《卫风》淫奔之诗。及郑,使介反币,而以夏姬行。介,副也。币,聘物。
  ○介音界(jie)。将奔(ben)齐(qi),齐(qi)师(shi)新败,曰:“吾不(bu)处不(bu)胜之国。”遂奔(ben)晋,而因郤至(zhi)。至(zhi),郤克(ke)族子。

[疏]注“至,郤克族子”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《世本》:“郤豹(bao)(bao)生(sheng)冀芮(rui)(rui),芮(rui)(rui)生(sheng)缺,缺生(sheng)克。”又云“豹(bao)(bao)生(sheng)义(yi),义(yi)生(sheng)步杨(yang),杨(yang)生(sheng)蒲城鹊居,居生(sheng)至”。如《世本》,克是豹(bao)(bao)之曾孙,至是豹(bao)(bao)之玄孙,於克为二从(cong)兄(xiong)弟(di)子。

以臣於晋。晋人使为邢大夫。邢,晋邑。
  ○邢音刑。子反请以重币锢之,禁锢勿令仕。
  ○锢音固。令,力呈(cheng)反。

[疏]注“禁锢勿令仕”。
  ○正义曰:《说(shuo)文》云:“锢,铸塞(sai)也。”铁器(qi)穿穴者,铸铁以塞(sai)之,使不漏。禁人使不得仕官(guan)者,其(qi)事亦似之,故谓之禁锢。今(jin)世犹然。

王曰:“止!其自为谋也,则过矣。其为吾先君谋也,则忠。忠,社稷之固也,所盖多矣。盖,覆也。
  ○自为,于(yu)伪(wei)反(fan),又如字(zi)。为吾,于(yu)伪(wei)反(fan)。且彼若能利国家(jia),虽重币,晋(jin)将可(ke)乎?言(yan)不许。若无益於晋(jin),晋(jin)将弃之(zhi),何(he)劳锢焉(yan)?”为七年楚(chu)灭巫臣族、晋(jin)南通(tong)吴(wu)张本。

晋师归,范文子后入。武子曰:“无为吾望尔也乎?”武子,士会,文子之父。对曰:“师有功,国人喜以逆之。先入,必属耳目焉,是代帅受名也,故不敢。”武子曰:“吾知免矣!”知其不益己祸。
  ○属,章欲反,后同。帅,所类反,下注称帅、军帅、将帅同。吾知,一本无知字。郤伯见,公曰:“子之力也夫!”对曰:“君之训也,二三子之力也,臣何力之有焉?”卻伯,郤克。
  ○见,贤遍反,下同。夫音扶。范叔见,劳之如郤伯,对曰:“庚所命也,克之制也,燮何力之有焉?”荀庚将上军,时不出,范文子上军佐,代行,故称帅以让。
  ○劳,力(li)报(bao)反(fan)。将(jiang),子匠反(fan),下同(tong)。栾伯见,公亦如(ru)之,对曰:“燮之诏(zhao)也,士用命也,书何力(li)之有焉(yan)?”诏(zhao),告也。栾书下军帅,故推功上军。传言晋(jin)将(jiang)帅克让,所以(yi)能胜齐。

宣公使求好于楚。庄王卒,宣公薨,不克作好。在宣十八年。
  ○好,呼报反,下同。公即位,受盟于晋,元年盟赤棘。会晋伐齐。卫人不行使于楚,不聘楚。
  ○使,所吏反。而亦受盟于晋,从於伐齐。故楚令尹子重为阳桥之役以救齐。将起师,子重曰:“君弱,传曰:寡人生十年而丧先君。共王即位,至是二年,盖年十二三矣。群臣不如先大夫,师众而后可。《诗》曰:‘济济多士,文王以宁。’《诗·大雅》。言文王以众士安。
  ○济,子礼反。夫文王犹用众,况吾侪乎?侪,等。
  ○侪,仕皆反。且先君庄王属之曰:‘无德以及远方,莫如惠恤其民而善用之。’”乃大户,阅民户口。
  ○阅音悦。巳责,弃逋责。
  ○逋,补吾反。逮鳏,施及老鳏。
  ○鳏,古顽反。施,始豉反。救乏,赦罪。悉师,王卒尽行。彭名御戎,蔡景公为左,许灵公为右。王卒尽行,故王戎车亦行,虽无楚王,令二君当左右之位。
  ○卒,子忽反(fan),注同。令,力呈(cheng)反(fan)。

[疏]注“王卒”至“之位”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):诸言“御(yu)(yu)戎”,皆(jie)御(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)之戎车(che)(che)。此(ci)云“彭名御(yu)(yu)戎”,知王戎车(che)(che)亦行也。若(ruo)君(jun)(jun)亲在军,则君(jun)(jun)当车(che)(che)中,御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)在左,勇力之士(shi)在右,故御(yu)(yu)戎、戎右,常连言之。此(ci)王车(che)(che)虽(sui)行,王身不在,故不立戎右,使御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)在中,令(ling)蔡、许二君(jun)(jun)居王车(che)(che)上(shang),当左右之位(wei),若(ruo)夹卫王然。下注云:“乘(cheng)楚(chu)王车(che)(che)为左右”,是(shi)二君(jun)(jun)皆(jie)在车(che)(che)之上(shang)也。

二君弱,皆强冠之。冬,楚师侵卫,遂侵我,师于蜀。公略之而退,故不书侵。
  ○强,其丈反。冠,古乱反。使臧孙往,臧孙,宣叔也。辞曰:“楚远而久,固将退矣。无功而受名,臣不敢。”不敢虚受退楚名。楚侵及阳桥,阳桥,鲁地。孟孙请往赂之。楚侵遂深,故孟孙请以赂往。孟孙,献子也。以执斫、执针、织纴,执斫,匠人。执针,女工。织纴,织缯布堰。
  ○斫,竹角反。针,之林反。纴,女金反,徐而鸩反。皆百人,公衡为质,公衡,成公子。
  ○质音致。以请盟。楚人许平。十一月,公及楚公子婴齐、蔡侯、许男、秦右大夫说、宋华元、陈公孙宁、卫孙良夫、郑公子去疾及齐国之大夫盟于蜀。齐大夫不书其名,非卿也。
  ○说音(yin)悦。去,起吕反。

[疏]注“齐大”至“卿也”。
  ○正义曰:诸(zhu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)盟(meng)会,经(jing)贬之(zhi)(zhi)称“人(ren)(ren)”,或总(zong)言(yan)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。若实是(shi)(shi)国卿(qing),本(ben)合书(shu)名者,传即显(xian)其(qi)名氏(shi)。若本(ben)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),不合书(shu)名者,传直言(yan)其(qi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),见其(qi)贬与不贬俱当称“人(ren)(ren)”,故(gu)不复言(yan)其(qi)名氏(shi)。此(ci)(ci)传言(yan)齐(qi)国之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),传不显(xian)其(qi)名,为(wei)非卿(qing)故(gu)也(ye)。襄十六(liu)年(nian)溴(xiu)梁之(zhi)(zhi)会,经(jing)书(shu)“戊寅(yin),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)盟(meng)”。传云:“於是(shi)(shi)叔孙豹、晋(jin)荀偃、宋向戌、卫甯殖(zhi)、郑公孙虿、小(xiao)邾(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)盟(meng)。”於时(shi)会上(shang),郑之(zhi)(zhi)下有曹、莒、邾(zhu)、薛、杞,而小(xiao)邾(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)最处其(qi)下,举小(xiao)邾(zhu)而上(shang)包之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)盟(meng)郑人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)下,有齐(qi)、曹、邾(zhu)、薛、鄫,俱是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。齐(qi)最在上(shang),举齐(qi)而下总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)。止为(wei)齐(qi)若是(shi)(shi)卿(qing),则合言(yan)名氏(shi)。此(ci)(ci)会非卿(qing),故(gu)举齐(qi)也(ye)。

卿不书(shu),匮(kui)盟(meng)也(ye)。於(wu)是(shi)乎畏晋而窃与楚盟(meng),故曰“匮(kui)盟(meng)”。匮(kui),乏也(ye)。

[疏]注“匮,乏也”。
  ○正义(yi)(yi)曰:私(si)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)终不(bu)固,此(ci)(ci)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)是匮(kui)(kui)乏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。传既(ji)言“匮(kui)(kui)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”以解经(jing),又自(zi)(zi)解名曰“匮(kui)(kui)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意:於是乎畏晋(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)曰此(ci)(ci)是匮(kui)(kui)乏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),而(er)(er)(er)(er)仲尼(ni)贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)应(ying)背(bei)晋(jin)(jin),故(gu)责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。责(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)背(bei)晋(jin)(jin),是成晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu)也(ye)。哀十二年“公(gong)会(hui)吴(wu)(wu)于橐皋”,吴(wu)(wu)子请(qing)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),公(gong)不(bu)欲,使子贡辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)私(si)与(yu)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、宋皇瑗盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。彼畏吴(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)相与(yu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),不(bu)贬者(zhe),不(bu)与(yu)吴(wu)(wu)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu),言其(qi)(qi)(qi)私(si)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)可许。但鲁自(zi)(zi)畏吴(wu)(wu),不(bu)书其(qi)(qi)(qi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)情(qing)无(wu)(wu)可责(ze)也(ye)。《释例》曰:“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)畏晋(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),书盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)贬其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing),此(ci)(ci)所(suo)以成晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu)也(ye)。吴(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彊(qiang)(qiang)大,始於会(hui)鄫(ceng),终於黄(huang)池。凡三会(hui)、三伐、三盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),惟书会(hui)、伐而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)书盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe),吴(wu)(wu)以盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu)自(zi)(zi)居,而(er)(er)(er)(er)行其(qi)(qi)(qi)夷(yi)礼(li)。礼(li)仪不(bu)典,则盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)神不(bu)蠲,非(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)以结信义(yi)(yi),昭明德(de),故(gu)不(bu)录其(qi)(qi)(qi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),不(bu)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu)也(ye)。既(ji)不(bu)与(yu)吴(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu),则宋、鲁、卫(wei)三国(guo)私(si)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)可许,故(gu)无(wu)(wu)贬文(wen)。”是也(ye)。若然(ran),僖(xi)二十一年,“公(gong)会(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于薄”,二十七年,“公(gong)会(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于宋”,彼二者(zhe)皆(jie)显(xian)与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),并无(wu)(wu)贬责(ze)。此(ci)(ci)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)与(yu)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),当(dang)僖(xi)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,齐桓既(ji)卒,晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)未兴,中(zhong)国(guo)无(wu)(wu)伯,唯彊(qiang)(qiang)是与(yu),虽远(yuan)共(gong)楚(chu)(chu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),无(wu)(wu)所(suo)可责(ze);此(ci)(ci)时晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)主(zhu),堪率诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),私(si)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),心实畏晋(jin)(jin),故(gu)贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。然(ran)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)畏晋(jin)(jin),容可贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彊(qiang)(qiang)盛,恒与(yu)晋(jin)(jin)敌,非(fei)(fei)(fei)是畏晋(jin)(jin),卿(qing)亦(yi)贬者(zhe),楚(chu)(chu)既(ji)彊(qiang)(qiang)盛,应(ying)显(xian)然(ran)作盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),今私(si)窃(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)受盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),不(bu)敢宣露,非(fei)(fei)(fei)是畏晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),且(qie)成晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)伯,事(shi)须贬楚(chu)(chu)。

蔡侯、许男不书,乘楚车也,谓之失位。乘楚王车为左右,则失位也。卿不书,则称人。诸侯不书,皆不见经,君臣之别。
  ○见,贤遍反。别,被列反。

[疏]注“乘楚”至“之别”。
  ○正义曰:小国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从大国,其征伐也(ye),皆(jie)自乘其车,自率其军(jun)。至(zhi)战陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),与同出力耳(er)。此(ci)二君(jun)弃巳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车,乘楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘,乃为(wei)楚(chu)王左右,则(ze)是(shi)失(shi)位。既(ji)失(shi)其位,非复(fu)国君(jun),故侵与盟(meng)会(hui)(hui),并皆(jie)不序。经书(shu)“楚(chu)师(shi)、郑师(shi)侵卫(wei)”,於时(shi)蔡、许在(zai)矣,“公会(hui)(hui)楚(chu)公子(zi)婴齐于蜀”,蔡、许亦在(zai)也(ye),及盟(meng),又蔡、许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)在(zai)焉(yan)。侵也(ye),会(hui)(hui)也(ye),盟(meng)也(ye),三事并失(shi)其位,经悉不书(shu),故传於盟(meng)下(xia)释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明上“侵卫(wei)”、“会(hui)(hui)蜀”皆(jie)失(shi)位也(ye)。旧说诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贬(bian)亦书(shu)为(wei)“人”,杜意谓诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贬(bian)不至(zhi)於“人”,故因此(ci)而又明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),“卿不书(shu),则(ze)称人”。诸侯不书(shu),则(ze)全不见经,此(ci)是(shi)君(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别,明贬(bian)诸侯无称“人”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)。

君子曰:“位其不可不慎也乎!蔡、许之君,一失其位,不得列於诸侯,况其下乎?《诗》曰:‘不解于位,民之攸塈。’《诗·大雅》。言在上者勤正其位,则国安而民息也。攸,所也。塈,息也。
  ○解,佳卖反(fan)。塈(ji),许器反(fan)。

[疏]“诗曰”至“攸塈”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:此《大雅·假乐(le)》之篇(pian)。

其是之谓矣。”

楚师及宋,公衡逃归。臧宣叔曰:“衡父不忍数年之不宴,宴,乐也。
  ○数,所主反。乐音洛。以弃鲁国,国将若之何?谁居?后之人必有任是夫!国弃矣。”居,辞也。言后人必有当此患。
  ○居(ju)音(yin)基。任(ren)音(yin)壬。夫音(yin)扶。是(shi)行(xing)也,晋(jin)辟楚,畏其众(zhong)(zhong)也。君子(zi)曰:“众(zhong)(zhong)之不可巳(si)也。大夫为政,犹以众(zhong)(zhong)克,况明君而(er)善用其众(zhong)(zhong)乎?《大誓(shi)》所谓‘商兆民(min)(min)离(li),周(zhou)十人同(tong)’者,众(zhong)(zhong)也。”《大誓(shi)》,《周(zhou)书》。万亿曰兆。民(min)(min)离(li)则弱(ruo),合则成众(zhong)(zhong)。言殷以散亡(wang),周(zhou)以众(zhong)(zhong)兴(xing)。

[疏]“大誓”至“众也”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《泰(tai)誓》云:“受有亿(yi)兆(zhao)夷人,离心离德;予(yu)有乱(luan)臣十人,同心同德。”此言(yan)“《大誓》所谓”者,引其意,非本文(wen)也。

晋侯使巩朔献齐捷于周,王弗见,使单襄公辞焉,曰:“蛮夷戎狄,不式王命,式,用也。
  ○捷,在妾反。淫湎毁常,王命伐之,则有献捷,王亲受而劳之,所以惩不敬,劝有功也。兄弟甥舅,侵败王略,兄弟,同姓国。甥舅,异姓国。略,经略法度。
  ○湎,面善反。劳,力报反。败,必迈反。王命伐之,告事而已,不献其功,所以敬亲昵,告伐事而不献囚俘。
  ○昵,女乙反。禁淫慝也。淫慝,谓虣掠百姓,取囚俘也。
  ○慝,他得反。虣,本又作暴,薄报反。掠音亮。今叔父克遂,有功于齐,克,能也。而不使命卿镇抚王室,所使来抚余一人,而巩伯实来,未有职司於王室,巩朔,上军大夫,非命卿,名位不达於王室。又奸先王之礼。谓献齐捷。
  ○奸音干。余虽欲於巩伯,欲受其献。其敢废旧典以忝叔父?夫齐,甥舅之国也,而大师之后也,齐世与周昏,故曰甥舅。
  ○大音泰。宁不亦淫从其欲以怒叔父,抑岂不可谏诲?”士庄伯不能对,庄伯,巩朔。
  ○从,子用反,本亦作纵。王使委於三吏,委,属也。三吏,三公也。
  ○三(san)公(gong)者,天子(zi)之吏也。

[疏]注“三吏三公也”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue):《曲礼(li)》云:“五官之(zhi)长曰(yue)(yue)伯”,其摈於天(tian)(tian)子也,曰(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)吏。”郑(zheng)玄云:“谓(wei)三公(gong)也。”是三公(gong)称吏,故知“三吏,三公(gong)也”。

礼之如侯伯克敌使大夫告庆之礼,降於卿礼一等。王以巩伯宴,而私贿之,使相告之曰:“非礼也,勿籍。”相,相礼者。籍,书也。王畏晋,故私宴贿以慰巩朔。
  ○相(xiang),息亮反,注同。

[疏]“礼之”至“一等”。
  ○正义曰(yue):如侯(hou)伯克敌使大(da)夫告庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),则不得(de)依献捷(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。其献捷(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),王(wang)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必重於告庆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。巩(gong)朔(shuo),晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上军(jun)大(da)夫也(ye),纵使得(de)如献捷(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),亦当降卿礼(li)(li)一(yi)等。传言“降於卿礼(li)(li)一(yi)等”,以见下待巩(gong)朔(shuo)不失常也(ye)。

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