朱元璋奉天讨(tao)元北伐檄文
--宋濂
自(zi)古帝王临御天(tian)下(xia),皆(jie)中国居(ju)内以制夷(yi)(yi)狄,夷(yi)(yi)狄居(ju)外以奉中国,未闻(wen)以夷(yi)(yi)狄居(ju)中国而制天(tian)下(xia)也(ye)。自(zi)宋(song)祚倾移,元(yuan)以北夷(yi)(yi)入(ru)主中国,四海以内,罔不(bu)臣(chen)服,此岂(qi)(qi)人力,实乃天(tian)授。彼时君(jun)明(ming)臣(chen)良(liang),足以纲维天(tian)下(xia),然达人志士,尚(shang)有(you)冠履倒置之叹。自(zi)是以后(hou),元(yuan)之臣(chen)子,不(bu)遵(zun)祖训(xun),废坏(huai)纲常(chang),有(you)如大(da)德废长(zhang)(zhang)立幼,泰定以臣(chen)弑君(jun),天(tian)历以弟(di)鸠兄,至于(yu)弟(di)收兄妻,子征父妾,上(shang)下(xia)相(xiang)习,恬(tian)不(bu)为(wei)怪,其于(yu)父子君(jun)臣(chen)夫妇长(zhang)(zhang)幼之伦,渎乱甚矣。夫人君(jun)者斯民之宗主,朝廷者天(tian)下(xia)之根本(ben),礼仪者御世之大(da)防,其所为(wei)如彼,岂(qi)(qi)可为(wei)训(xun)于(yu)天(tian)下(xia)后(hou)世哉!
及其(qi)后(hou)嗣沉荒,失(shi)君臣之道(dao),又加以宰相专权,宪(xian)台抱怨,有司毒虐,于(yu)是人心离叛,天(tian)(tian)下(xia)兵起,使我中(zhong)国之民,死(si)者肝脑涂(tu)地(di),生(sheng)者骨肉不相保,虽因人事(shi)所致(zhi),实乃天(tian)(tian)厌其(qi)德而弃之之时(shi)也。古云:“胡虏无(wu)百年之运,验之今日,信乎不谬(miu)。
当此之时(shi),天运(yun)循环,中(zhong)原(yuan)气盛,亿兆之中(zhong),当降生圣(sheng)人,驱除胡虏,恢复中(zhong)华,立纲陈纪,救济(ji)斯民(min)(min)。今(jin)一纪于(yu)兹,未(wei)闻(wen)有治(zhi)世安民(min)(min)者,徒使尔(er)等战战兢(jing)兢(jing),处于(yu)朝秦暮楚之地,诚可矜闵。
方今河、洛、关、陕,虽有数雄:忘中国祖宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓,反就胡(hu)虏(lu)禽兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,以(yi)为(wei)美(mei)称,假元号以(yi)济私(si),恃(shi)有众以(yi)要君,凭陵跋扈,遥制朝权(quan),此(ci)河洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒也;或众少力(li)微,阻兵(bing)据险,贿(hui)诱名爵,志(zhi)在养力(li),以(yi)俟衅隙,此(ci)关陕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也。二者其始皆以(yi)捕(bu)妖(yao)人为(wei)名,乃(nai)得(de)兵(bing)权(quan)。及妖(yao)人已(yi)(yi)灭,兵(bing)权(quan)已(yi)(yi)得(de),志(zhi)骄气(qi)盈,无复尊主(zhu)庇民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,互(hu)相吞噬,反为(wei)生(sheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巨害,皆非华(hua)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)也。
予(yu)(yu)本淮右布衣,因天(tian)下大(da)乱,为众所推,率师渡江(jiang),居金陵(ling)形(xing)式(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,得(de)长江(jiang)天(tian)堑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险(xian),今十有(you)三年。西抵巴蜀,东连沧(cang)海,南控(kong)闽(min)越,湖、湘、汉、丐(gai),两淮、徐、邳,皆入版图,奄(yan)及(ji)南方,尽为我(wo)(wo)(wo)有(you)。民(min)稍(shao)安(an)(an),食稍(shao)足(zu),兵稍(shao)精,控(kong)弦执(zhi)矢,目视我(wo)(wo)(wo)中(zhong)原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min),久无所主,深用疚心。予(yu)(yu)恭承(cheng)天(tian)命(ming),罔敢自安(an)(an),方欲(yu)遣兵北(bei)逐胡虏,拯生(sheng)民(min)于(yu)涂炭,复汉官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)仪。虑民(min)人未知,反为我(wo)(wo)(wo)仇(chou),絜家北(bei)走(zou),陷(xian)溺犹深,故(gu)先(xian)逾告(gao):兵至,民(min)人勿避。予(yu)(yu)号令(ling)严肃,无秋(qiu)毫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犯,归(gui)我(wo)(wo)(wo)者永安(an)(an)于(yu)中(zhong)华(hua),背我(wo)(wo)(wo)者自窜于(yu)塞外。盖我(wo)(wo)(wo)中(zhong)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min),天(tian)必(bi)命(ming)我(wo)(wo)(wo)中(zhong)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人以(yi)安(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),夷狄(di)何得(de)而治哉(zai)!予(yu)(yu)恐中(zhong)土久污膻腥,生(sheng)民(min)扰(rao)扰(rao),故(gu)率群雄(xiong)奋力廓(kuo)清(qing),志在逐胡虏,除(chu)暴乱,使民(min)皆得(de)其所,雪(xue)中(zhong)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耻,尔民(min)等其体之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
如蒙古、色目,虽非华夏族类,然同生天地之间,有能知礼义,愿为臣民者,与中夏之人抚养无异。故兹告谕,想宜知悉。