卷二十三 礼器第十
陆(lu)曰:“郑云:‘以其记礼,使人成(cheng)器(qi)。孔子(zi)谓子(zi)贡(gong)瑚琏之器(qi)是也。’”
[疏]正义曰(yue):案(an)郑《目录》云:“名为《礼器(qi)》者,以其记礼,使人(ren)成器(qi)之义也(ye)。故孔子谓子贡:‘汝,器(qi)也(ye)。’曰(yue)‘何器(qi)也(ye)’?曰(yue)‘瑚(hu)琏也(ye)’。此(ci)於(wu)《别录》属(shu)《制度》。”
礼器,是故大备。大备,盛德也。礼器,言礼使人成器,如耒耜之为用也。“人情以为田”,“脩礼以耕之”,此是也。大备,自耕至於食之而肥。礼,释回,增美质,措则正,施则行。释犹去也。回,邪辟也。质犹性也。措,置也。
○错,七路反,本又作措,又厝,音同。去,起吕反。邪,似嗟反。辟,四亦反。其在人也,如竹箭之有筠也,如松柏之有心也。二者居天下之大端矣,故贯四时而不改柯易叶。箭,筱也。端,本也。四物於天下最得气之本,或柔刃於外,或和泽於内,用此不变伤也。人之得礼,亦犹然也。
○箭,节见反(fan)。筠,于贫反(fan),郑云:“竹之青皮也。”贯,古(gu)乱反(fan)。柯,古(gu)何反(fan)。筱,西(xi)了反(fan),徐(xu)音小。刃,而慎(shen)反(fan)。故君子有礼,则外(wai)谐而内无怨。人(ren)协服也。故物(wu)无不(bu)怀仁(ren),鬼(gui)神飨(xiang)德。怀,归也。
[疏]“礼器”至“飨德”。
○正义曰:此一节论礼能使人成器,则於外物无不备。各依文解之。
○“礼器”至“德也”。
○言礼能使人成器,故云礼器也。既得成器,则於事无不足,故云“是故大备”也。身既成器,又能备足,则是盛德也。此“大备”者,则上《礼运》所云自“人情以为田”,“脩礼以耕之”,至“食而弗肥”是也。
○“礼释”至“则行”。
○“礼,释回”,此以下用礼为器,以耕人情之事释去也。回,邪也。用礼为器,能除去人之邪恶也。“增美质”者,增,益也;质,性也。礼非唯去邪而已,人有美性者,礼又能益之也。“措则正”者,措,置也。言置礼在身,则身正也。“施则行”者,施,用也。若以礼用事,事皆行也。
○“其在”至“易叶”。
○“其在人也,如竹箭之有筠也”,礼道既深,此为设譬也。竹,大竹也。箭,筱也。言人情备德由於礼礼,譬如竹箭四时葱翠由於外有筠也。筠是竹外青皮。《顾命》云:“敷重笋席”。郑云:“笋,析竹青皮也。《礼记》曰:‘如竹箭之有筠。’”按郑引《礼记》之“筠”以为“青皮”,是知呼竹为筠。“如松柏之有心也”者,又设譬也。人经夷险,不变其德,由礼使然,譬如松柏陵寒而郁茂,由其内心贞和故也。“二者居天下之大端矣”者,二者,竹、松也。端犹本也。松、竹居於天下,比於众物,最得气之本也,“故贯四时不改柯易叶”。贯,经也,既得气之本,故经四时柯叶无凋改也。改、易,互言也。
○“故君”至“无怨”。
○解“外谐内无怨”者,谓於外疏远之处,与人谐和,於内亲近之处,无相怨恨,以其有礼接人,故内外协服也。为譬既毕,此合之也。前并举筠、心二事,正欲譬於君子内外俱美,外柔刀如筠,故能与一切物相谐,内和泽如松心,故能与人无怨。经云二者,据譬也。郑云四物者,析别言之。
○“故物”至“飨德”。
○“故(gu)物(wu)无不(bu)(bu)怀(huai)(huai)仁(ren)”者,怀(huai)(huai),归(gui)也(ye)(ye)。由(you)外内协服(fu),故(gu)悉归(gui)仁(ren),故(gu)云(yun)物(wu)无不(bu)(bu)怀(huai)(huai)仁(ren)。“鬼神飨德(de)(de)”者,鬼神聪明(ming)正直,依(yi)人而行,物(wu)既怀(huai)(huai)仁(ren),故(gu)神亦飨德(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)。
先王之立礼也,有本有文。忠信,礼之本也。义理,礼之文也。无本不立,无文不行。言必外内具也。
○礼也者,合於天时,设於地财,顺於鬼神,合於人心,理万物者也。鬼神,所祀事有德也。是故天时有生也,地理有宜也,人官有能也,物曲有利也。言皆有异。故天不生,地不养,君子不以为礼,鬼神弗飨也。天不生,谓非其时物也。地不养,谓非此地所生。居山以鱼鳖为礼,居泽以鹿豕为礼,君子谓之不知礼。不顺其乡之所有也。故必举其定国之数,以为礼之大经。定国之数,谓地物所出多少。礼之大伦,以地广狭。谓贡赋之常差。
○狭音洽,又户夹反。差,初隹反,徐初宜反。礼之薄厚,与年之上下。用年之丰凶也。
○上,时掌反。是故年虽大杀,众不匡惧,则上之制礼也节矣。言用之有节也。杀谓穀不熟也。匡犹恐也。
○杀(sha),色戒反(fan),徐所例反(fan),注同。匡惧音匡,又丘往反(fan)。恐(kong),丘勇反(fan)。
[疏]“先王”至“节矣”。
○正义曰:此一节论因上礼则人外内谐和,遂云礼须信义,兼说行礼之事。各依文解之。
○“忠信,礼之本也”者,礼之为本,即忠信是也。忠者内尽於心也,信者外不欺於物也。内尽於心,故与物无怨;外不欺物,故与物相谐也。义理,礼之文也。礼虽用忠信为本,而又须义理为文饰也。得理合宜,是其文也。无本不立,解须本也。无忠信,则礼不立也。无文不行,解须文也。行礼若不合宜得理,则礼不行也。
○“礼也”至“知礼”。
○此一节论礼者合於天地,协於鬼神,合於人心,而行其礼,若不得天时,不得地财,而行其礼,则不知礼也。“礼也者,合於天时”者,前云忠信为本易见,而义理为文难睹,故此以下,广说义理为文之事也。夫君子行礼,必须使仰合天时,俯会地理,中趣人事,则其礼乃行也。仰合天时,即依於四时,及丰俭随时也。
○“设於地财”者,俯会地理也。财,物也。所设用物为礼,各是其土地之物也。
○“顺於鬼神”者,鬼神助天地为化之鬼神也,祀之必顺,不滥逆也。
○“合於人心”者,中趣人事也。虽合天会地,顺於鬼神,又须与人心符合,其神乃行也,是以《书》云“谋及卿士,谋及庶人,谋及卜筮”是也。
○“理万物者也”者,若能使事事如上,则行苇得所,豚鱼戴赖,是万物各得其理也。
○“是故天时有生也”者,言天四时自然,各有所生,若春荐韭卵,夏荐麦鱼是也。
○“地理有宜也”者,地之分理,自然各有所宜,若高田宜黍稷,下田宜稻麦是也。
○“人官有能也”者,人居其官,各有所能,若司徒奉牛,司马奉羊,及庖人治庖,祝治尊俎是也。
○“物曲有利也”者,谓万物委曲,各有所利,若曲糵利为酒醴,丝竹利为琴笙,皆自然有其性各异也。皇氏云:“有圣人制礼得宜,故致天时有生,地理有宜之等。”非其义也。
○“故天不生”者,既得时财,而为天地人物美功,故君子行礼,不为失时非财之事。故此以下明之也:此是不合天时也。“天不生”,谓非时之物,若寒瓜夏橘,及李梅冬实之属也。
○“地不养”者,此是不设地财也。“地不养”,若山之鱼鳖,泽之鹿豕也。
○“君子不以为礼”者,此是不合人心也。
○“鬼神弗飨”者,此是不顺鬼神也。
○“居山以鱼鳖为礼,居泽以鹿豕为礼,君子谓之不知礼”者,此翻广设地财也,鹿豕是山养,鱼鳖是泽物,今若非其地所养而设为礼,此是谓为不知礼也。
○注“鬼神”至“德也”。
○正义曰:以经云“顺於鬼神”,先王制礼,所以能顺鬼神者,以鬼神是有德之人,死乃祀为鬼神。礼既合於人心,故得顺於鬼神也。
○“故必”至“节矣”。
○此一节,以上文制礼,因合天时地宜,故此论随地之所有以制礼也。举其定国之数,以为礼之大经。礼,物必乡之所有,故有国者,必书其国内所生物多少定数,以为国之大法也。经,法也。
○“礼之大伦,以地广狭”者,伦犹例也。制礼之大例,又宜随地广狭为法,谓贡赋之常差也。
○“礼之薄厚,与年之上下”者,此广顺天时。上犹丰也,下犹荒也。虽以地广狭为制,而又皆须随於天时也。多少随年丰荒也。
○“是故年虽(sui)(sui)大杀,众不匡惧(ju)”者,此言得(de)时之美也。大杀谓五穀不孰也。匡犹恐也。虽(sui)(sui)大凶(xiong)杀之年,则人主随(sui)而(er)(er)省敛(lian)狭(xia)用,故天下(xia)之众不恐惧(ju)也,则上之制(zhi)礼也节矣。合结地财天时也,广狭(xia)随(sui)地而(er)(er)赋,丰凶(xiong)逐时而(er)(er)敛(lian),众之不恐,并由(you)君上制(zhi)礼有节故也。
礼,时为大,顺次之,体次之,宜次之,称次之。言圣人制礼所先后也。
○称,尺证反,后皆同。尧授舜,舜授禹,汤放桀,武王伐纣,时也。言受命改制度。《诗》云:“匪革其犹,聿追来孝。”革,急也。犹,道也。聿,述也。言文王改作者,非必欲急行巳之道,乃追述先祖之业,来居此为孝。
○革,纪力反,注同。
○天地之祭,宗庙之事,父子之道,君臣之义,伦也。伦之言顺也。
○社稷山川之事,鬼神之祭,体也。天地人之别体也。
○丧祭之用,宾客之交,义也。义之言宜也,人道之宜。
○羔豚而(er)祭(ji),百(bai)官(guan)皆足,大牢而(er)祭(ji),不必(bi)有馀(yu),此(ci)之谓称(cheng)也(ye)。足犹得也(ye)。称(cheng),称(cheng)牲之大小而(er)为俎(zu),此(ci)指谓助祭(ji)者(zhe)耳(er)。而(er)云(yun)百(bai)官(guan),喻众也(ye)。
[疏]“礼时”至“称也”。
○正义曰:此一节明亦因上制礼得节,故以下诸事皆由礼洽天时。今各依文解之。
○“礼,时为大”者,揖让干戈之时,於礼中最大,故云“时为大”也。
○“顺次之”者,虽合天时,又须顺序,故顺次之也。
○“体次之”者,有时有顺,又须小大各有体别也。
○“宜次之”者,大小虽有体,行之又须各当其宜也。
○“称次之”者,称犹足也,行礼又须各自足也。
○“尧舜”至“来孝”。
○此释时为大也,尧、舜所以相授者,尧、舜知子不贤,自能逊退而授人,此时使之然也。桀、纣凶虐,不能传立与人,汤、武救民之灾,不可不伐,亦时使之然也。
○“《诗》云:‘匪革其犹,聿追来孝’”,此《大雅·文王有声》之篇。革,急也。犹,道也。聿,述也。言文王改作丰邑,非是急行巳之道,能述追先祖之业,来行孝道於此丰邑,时使之然,不得不尔,释时之义也。今《诗》本“革”作“棘”,“犹”作“欲”,“聿”作“遹”,字不同者,郑答炅模云:“为记注之时,依循旧本,此文是也。后得《毛诗传》而为《诗》注,更从毛本,故与记不同。”革、棘、聿、遹,字异义同,《诗》注“来,勤也”,言作丰邑,“非急成巳之欲”,“乃追述王季勤行孝之道也”。
○注“革急”至“述也”。
○正义曰:革,急;聿,述,并《释言》文。犹,道也,《释诂》文。
○“天地”至“伦也”。
○此事皆是下之事上,以敬顺为本,故云伦也。以前经云时为大,顺次之,故以伦为顺也。
○“社稷”至“体也”。
○以前经云体次之,此覆说体也。社稷山川为天地之别体,鬼神是人之别体,各有躯体也。
○注“天地”至“体也”。
○正义曰:神是天之别体,社稷山川是地之别体,鬼是人之别体,兼云天者,社稷山川虽形属於地,精灵上连於天也。此经鬼神之祭,则上宗庙之事而别属体者,宗庙至尊,事之须顺,故属顺也,体是人死所为,故后属体也,故云天地人之别体也。
○“丧祭”至“义也”。
○此释宜次之也。宜,义也。主人有丧祭之事,应须费用,而宾客有赙赗之交,是人道之宜也。故后云:丧礼,忠之至,宾客用币,义之至也。
○“羔豚”至“称也”。
○此释称次之。“羔豚而祭,百官皆足”,足犹得也。夫臣助祭,则各有俎。祭竟,播及胞翟,虽复羔豚之小,而百官一切皆悉得也。
○“大牢而祭,不必有馀”者,假令大牢亦不至有馀也。
○“此之谓称也”者,小而皆得,大而不馀,是各称在体也。
○注“此指”至“众也”。
○正义曰:按《仪礼》:“士祭(ji)(ji)用特牲(sheng),大(da)夫(fu)祭(ji)(ji)用少(shao)牢(lao),皆以成牲(sheng),不(bu)用羔豚。”此得有(you)羔豚祭(ji)(ji)者,按《王(wang)制》云(yun)(yun):“大(da)夫(fu)士有(you)田则(ze)祭(ji)(ji),无(wu)田则(ze)荐。”则(ze)无(wu)地大(da)夫(fu)士荐羔豚也(ye)。无(wu)地则(ze)无(wu)臣助祭(ji)(ji),故云(yun)(yun)百官喻众也(ye)。
诸侯以龟为宝,以圭为瑞;家不宝龟,不藏圭,不台门,言有称也。古者货贝宝龟,大夫以下有货耳。《易》曰:“十朋之龟。”瑞,信也。诸侯执瑞,孤卿以下执挚。阇者谓之台。
○堵,本又作阇(du),音都,又丁古(gu)反,徐音常邪反。
[疏]“诸侯”至“称也”。
○正义曰:此一节还明上经称次之事也。但礼主威仪,以尊卑大小,多少质文,各有所宜,其称非一,故从此以下,更广明为称之事。各依文解之。
○“诸侯以龟为宝”者,诸侯有保土之重,宜须占详吉凶,故得以龟为宝也。
○“以圭为瑞”者,圭兼五等玉也。诸侯之於天子,如天子之於天也。天子得天之物谓之瑞,故诸侯受封於天子,天子与之玉,亦谓为瑞也。《书》云“辑五瑞”,又云“班瑞于群后”是也。此云圭,不云璧,从可知也。
○“家不宝龟”者,家,卿大夫也。大夫卑轻,不得宝龟,故臧文仲居蔡为僣也。
○“不藏圭”者,卿大夫不得执玉,故不得藏圭。
○“不台门”者,两边筑阇为基,基上起屋曰台门,诸侯有保捍之重,故为台门,而大夫轻,故不得也。
○“言有称”者,结上得与不得,各有所称。
○注“古者”至“之台”。
○正义曰:言古者货贝,以贝为货,若今之用钱为货也。贝有五种,按《食货志》:王莽作金银龟贝钱布之品,名曰宝货。大贝四寸八分以上,二枚为一朋,直二百一十六文;壮贝三寸六分以上,二枚为一朋,直五十文;么贝二寸四分以上,二枚为一朋,直三十文也;小贝一寸二分以上,二枚为一朋,直十文也;
○不(bu)盈寸(cun)(cun)二(er)(er)(er)分,漏度(du)不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朋(peng),率枚直(zhi)(zhi)钱三(san)(san)文,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)货贝(bei)五品。又以(yi)(yi)(yi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)货贝(bei)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《易(yi)》曰‘十(shi)朋(peng)之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)’”者(zhe)(zhe),按《损卦·六(liu)五爻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“或益之(zhi)十(shi)朋(peng)之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”郑注(zhu)引《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“一(yi)(yi)曰神龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”郭注(zhu):“此当龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)畜(chu)在(zai)宫沼者(zhe)(zhe)。”“二(er)(er)(er)曰灵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“今江东所用卜(bu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)黄灵黑(hei)灵者(zhe)(zhe),此盖(gai)与天龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)灵属一(yi)(yi)也。”“三(san)(san)曰摄龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)腹甲(jia)翕然摄敛头闭(bi)藏之(zhi)”,即当《周礼》地与四方之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),知者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)皆有(you)(you)(you)奄敛之(zhi)义(yi)故(gu)(gu)也。“四曰宝(bao)(bao)(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”。即“遗我(wo)大(da)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”,及《乐记》曰“青(qing)(qing)黑(hei)绿者(zhe)(zhe),天子之(zhi)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”,及《公羊》定公八(ba)年“龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)青(qing)(qing)纯”皆是(shi)也。“五曰文龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”。注(zhu)“甲(jia)有(you)(you)(you)文采者(zhe)(zhe),《河图》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)灵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)负书丹甲(jia)青(qing)(qing)文”是(shi)也。言灵者(zhe)(zhe)直(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)神龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)义(yi),非天龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也。“六(liu)曰筮龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“常在(zai)蓍丛下(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)。“七(qi)曰山(shan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),八(ba)曰泽龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),九曰水(shui)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),十(shi)曰火龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”。注(zhu)“此皆说龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)所生处”也。大(da)凡神、灵、宝(bao)(bao)(bao)、文、摄,唯五体而巳。《家语》臧氏(shi)家有(you)(you)(you)守龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),名(ming)曰蔡(cai)。文仲(zhong)三(san)(san)年为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)兆(zhao),武(wu)仲(zhong)三(san)(san)年而为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)兆(zhao),孺子容三(san)(san)年而为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)兆(zhao),此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)家不(bu)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。按《三(san)(san)正记》、《白虎通》天子之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)二(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)尺(chi),大(da)夫(fu)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe),彼谓(wei)卜(bu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。士亦有(you)(you)(you)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),故(gu)(gu)《士丧礼》卜(bu)宅(zhai)是(shi)也。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出於(wu)蔡(cai),故(gu)(gu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)也。臣瓒(zan)注(zhu)《汉书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“蔡(cai),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)名(ming)。”非也。臧氏(shi)又有(you)(you)(you)偻(lou)句,故(gu)(gu)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》昭二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五年传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“偻(lou)句不(bu)余(yu)欺”是(shi)也。《食货志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“元龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)尺(chi)二(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun),直(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)一(yi)(yi)百六(liu)十(shi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)贝(bei)十(shi)朋(peng)。公龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)九寸(cun)(cun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,直(zhi)(zhi)五百,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壮(zhuang)贝(bei)十(shi)朋(peng)。侯(hou)(hou)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)七(qi)寸(cun)(cun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,直(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)百,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)贝(bei)十(shi)朋(peng)。子龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)五寸(cun)(cun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,直(zhi)(zhi)百,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小贝(bei)十(shi)朋(peng)。”此等(deng)皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)贝(bei)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)朋(peng),与十(shi)朋(peng)之(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)义(yi)同也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阇者(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)台”,《尔雅·释宫》文。
礼有以多为贵者。天子七庙,诸侯五,大夫三,士一。天子之豆二十有六,诸公十有六,诸侯十有二,上大夫八,下大夫六。诸侯七介七牢,大夫五介五牢。天子之席五重,诸侯之席三重,大夫再重。天子崩,七月而葬,五重八翣;诸侯五月而葬,三重六翣;大夫三月而葬,再重四翣。此以多为贵也。豆之数,谓天子朔食,诸侯相食,及食大夫。《公食大夫礼》曰:“宰夫自东房荐豆六,设于酱东。”此食下大夫而豆六,则其馀著矣。《聘礼》:“致饔饩於上大夫,堂上八豆,设于户西。”则凡致饔饩,堂上之豆数亦如此。《周礼》:公之豆四十,其东西夹各十有二。侯伯之豆三十有二,其东西夹各十。子男之豆二十有四,其东西夹各六。诸侯七介七牢者,周之侯伯也。大夫五介五牢者,侯伯之卿使聘者也。《周礼》:上公九介九牢,侯伯七介七牢,子男五介五牢。《聘仪》所云“上公七介,侯伯五介,子男三介”,乃谓其使者也。天子葬五重者,谓杭木与茵也。葬者,杭木在上,茵在下。《士丧礼》下篇陈器曰:“杭木横三缩二,加杭席三,加茵,用疏布缁翦,有幅,亦缩二横三。”此士之礼一重者,以此差之,上公四重。
○介音(yin)介,副也,后皆(jie)同;俗读古(gu)贺(he)反(fan)(fan),非也。重,直龙反(fan)(fan),下及注(zhu)皆(jie)同。翣,所(suo)甲反(fan)(fan)。相食(shi)音(yin)嗣,下同。饩,许既反(fan)(fan)。夹,古(gu)洽反(fan)(fan),又古(gu)协反(fan)(fan)。使(shi),色吏反(fan)(fan)。杭木,苦浪反(fan)(fan),又音(yin)刚,又户刚反(fan)(fan)。茵音(yin)因。缩(suo),所(suo)六反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“礼有”至“为贵也”。正义曰:“天子七庙”,尊者诚深孝笃,故立庙乃多世为称也。“诸侯五,大夫三,士一”者,德转薄,故庙少为称也。“士一庙”者,据下士为言,若適士则二庙也。
○“天子之豆二十有六”者,谓天子朔食也。尊者宜备味,多乃称之,故多致豆二十有六也。
○“诸公十有六”,上公也,谓更相朝时堂上之豆数也。
○“诸侯十有二”者,侯、伯、子、男也,亦谓相朝时堂上之豆数也。
○“上大夫八,下大夫六”者,皆谓主国食使臣堂上之豆数。
○“诸侯七介七牢”者,介,副也;牢,大牢也。谓诸侯朝天子,天子以大牢礼赐之也。《周礼》:公九介九牢,侯伯七,子男五。今言七,举中言之也。
○“大夫五介五牢”者,臣为君使,各降其君二等,此五介五牢,谓侯伯之卿,亦举中言之。
○“诸侯之席三重”者,谓相朝时宾主皆然也。尊者须温厚,故多重乃称也。三重则四席也。熊氏云:“三重则三席也。”
○“大夫再重”者,卑於人君故也。
○“天子崩,七月而葬,五重”者,五重谓杭木与茵也。尊者宜坚固,故多重也。
○“八翣”者,尊宜多鄣蔽以称之也。
○“三重六翣”者,五等同也,卑於王,故鄣蔽少也。然前介及牢不云天子者,天子无介,牢礼无等,及为宾客之事。
○“再重四翣”者,诸侯大夫又卑,故从而少饰也。此以多为贵也者,都结上之文也。
○注“豆之”至“四重”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu),谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)相(xiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文连(lian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)飨(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),明(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)数(shu)(shu)(shu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朔(shuo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)相(xiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)齐则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)文,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当与(yu)(yu)朔(shuo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品,笾豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)各(ge)(ge)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。今云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),说堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)数(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。堂(tang)(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七,两十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七合(he)(he)(he)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si),三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)就二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)合(he)(he)(he)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”今按(an)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》设(she)(she)韭(jiu)菹醓醢(hai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),“设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)酱东(dong)(dong)(dong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。将(jiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)士(shi),羞(xiu)(xiu)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu),设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)稻南膷臐膮牛炙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)。又(you)(you)《掌客》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)盛正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),谓(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《掌客》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)美(mei)可(ke)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu)与(yu)(yu)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu)别(bie)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu),而(er)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)熊氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)羞(xiu)(xiu),醯醢(hai)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)罋(weng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。但不(bu)知堂(tang)(tang)(tang)夹(jia)(jia),若为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陈(chen)列皇氏(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)羞(xiu)(xiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)宰夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自东(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)荐豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)酱东(dong)(dong)(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)引以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)著矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)显著可(ke)知,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)著矣”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》致(zhi)(zhi)饔饩(xi)(xi)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),设(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)户(hu)西(xi)(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证明(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。按(an)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,必引《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致(zhi)(zhi)饔饩(xi)(xi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),欲(yu)见(jian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)饔饩(xi)(xi),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)数(shu)(shu)(shu)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡致(zhi)(zhi)饔饩(xi)(xi),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)数(shu)(shu)(shu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”,谓(wei)(wei)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》;公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),其(qi)(qi)(qi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)四(si),其(qi)(qi)(qi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)数(shu)(shu)(shu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)·掌客》文。其(qi)(qi)(qi)陈(chen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意量(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“致(zhi)(zhi)饔饩(xi)(xi)於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)八豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)设(she)(she)其(qi)(qi)(qi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)又(you)(you)减於(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)夹(jia)(jia)各(ge)(ge)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)七介(jie)(jie)七牢(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)介(jie)(jie)九人(ren)(ren)(ren),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)九牢(lao),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)介(jie)(jie)七人(ren)(ren)(ren),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)七牢(lao),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)介(jie)(jie)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)独言(yan)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举中(zhong)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)介(jie)(jie)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)使聘(pin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):凡卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),各(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)七介(jie)(jie)七牢(lao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣(chen)既降(jiang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)介(jie)(jie)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)介(jie)(jie)数(shu)(shu)(shu)得各(ge)(ge)下(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)。君(jun)牢(lao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵等(deng)(deng)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)牢(lao)。今言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)牢(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),唯据侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)降(jiang)君(jun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)牢(lao)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)否。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)葬五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)与(yu)(yu)茵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)(ming)(ming)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“葬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),茵在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)椁,累木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)边,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)不(bu)周(zhou),致(zhi)(zhi)茵於(wu)(wu)椁下(xia)(xia)(xia),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藉棺(guan)从上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),下(xia)(xia)(xia)棺(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,又(you)(you)置杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)於(wu)(wu)椁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杭(hang)载於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。引“《士(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇陈(chen)器曰(yue)(yue):‘杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san)缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),加(jia)(jia)(jia)杭(hang)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)(san),加(jia)(jia)(jia)茵,用疏布缁翦,有(you)(you)幅(fu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san)。’此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经葬五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“下(xia)(xia)(xia)棺(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,先加(jia)(jia)(jia)折於(wu)(wu)壙上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)承(cheng)杭(hang)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。折,犹庪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。方(fang)凿连(lian)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),盖如(ru)床,缩(suo)(suo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san),横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。无(wu)(wu)箦,於(wu)(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)抗木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)杭(hang)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)(san),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。茵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),藉棺(guan)外下(xia)(xia)(xia)缛,用浅色(se)缁布为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每将(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幅(fu),辄合(he)(he)(he)缝(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)囊,将(jiang)茅秀及香草着其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong),如(ru)今有(you)(you)絮(xu)缛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san),每为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san),下(xia)(xia)(xia)缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)象(xiang)天(tian),天(tian)数(shu)(shu)(shu)奇,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);下(xia)(xia)(xia)象(xiang)地(di),地(di)数(shu)(shu)(shu)偶(ou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。茵则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)直二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),下(xia)(xia)(xia)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san),茵既在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia),下(xia)(xia)(xia)法(fa)(fa)地(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)数(shu)(shu)(shu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)象(xiang)地(di),下(xia)(xia)(xia)数(shu)(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)(san)象(xiang)天(tian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)三(san)(san)(san)合(he)(he)(he)地(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)央也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《士(shi)丧(sang)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》下(xia)(xia)(xia)篇云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)三(san)(san)(san)合(he)(he)(he)地(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),人(ren)(ren)(ren)藏其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)焉(yan)。’”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)皇氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今按(an)《既夕礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》“杭(hang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san)缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)”,“茵缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)(san)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),茵二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia),象(xiang)天(tian)三(san)(san)(san)合(he)(he)(he)地(di)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),人(ren)(ren)(ren)藏其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。”如(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)茵缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。皇氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“茵缩(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),横(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)三(san)(san)(san)在(zai)(zai)下(xia)(xia)(xia),象(xiang)天(tian)裹於(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”与(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)违,其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)既五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)乃三(san)(san)(san),按(an)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)数(shu)(shu)(shu)及棺(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)数(shu)(shu)(shu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)同(tong),今诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)既三(san)(san)(san),明(ming)(ming)(ming)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。熊氏(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)明(ming)(ming)(ming)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)义(yi),今略(lve)载焉(yan)。熊氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)祫(xia)祭(ji)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禘则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)宜四(si)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)祭(ji)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),《司(si)(si)几(ji)(ji)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)职(zhi)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。受神(shen)酢席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)飨(xiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、封(feng)国、命(ming)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)然(ran)。”知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)(si)几(ji)(ji)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)职(zhi)》文。其(qi)(qi)(qi)平常(chang)朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)及燕(yan)(yan),綯亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)卧席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“下(xia)(xia)(xia)莞(guan)(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)簟”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《诗(shi)·斯干》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)待(dai)(dai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莞(guan)(guan)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)纷纯(chun)(chun),加(jia)(jia)(jia)缫(sao)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)画(hua)纯(chun)(chun),待(dai)(dai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤(gu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“孤(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莞(guan)(guan)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)纷纯(chun)(chun),加(jia)(jia)(jia)缫(sao)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)画(hua)纯(chun)(chun)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。待(dai)(dai)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)“蒲(pu)筵(yan)(yan)(yan),常(chang),缁布纯(chun)(chun),加(jia)(jia)(jia)萑(huan)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)寻,玄(xuan)帛纯(chun)(chun)”,注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)命(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)虽(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),然(ran)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)待(dai)(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)(wu)已(yi)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),盖亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)燕(yan)(yan),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)单席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)无(wu)(wu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“燕(yan)(yan),私礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),臣(chen)屈(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)燕(yan)(yan)臣(chen)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)天(tian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)蒲(pu)越瑽鞂(jia),《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自天(tian)地(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外,日月山川五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)单席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及《司(si)(si)几(ji)(ji)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“甸役则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)设(she)(she)熊席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”注(zhu)(zhu):“表貉所设(she)(she)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“顾命(ming)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu):“不(bu)用生时(shi)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),新(xin)鬼(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《司(si)(si)几(ji)(ji)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)祀(si)(si)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),蒲(pu)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)缋纯(chun)(chun),加(jia)(jia)(jia)莞(guan)(guan)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酢席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),纷纯(chun)(chun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)缫(sao)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)相(xiang)朝(chao)(chao),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)飨(xiang),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),及《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)飨(xiang)君(jun)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)而(er)酢焉(yan)。”於(wu)(wu)燕(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)两重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),或可(ke)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)单席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。待(dai)(dai)聘(pin)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),自坐(zuo),盖亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)两重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)聘(pin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)身则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),时(shi)及飨(xiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),孤(gu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莞(guan)(guan)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)藻席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)蒲(pu)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)萑(huan)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)改筵(yan)(yan)(yan)。注(zhu)(zhu)引《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“蒲(pu)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)萑(huan)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)燕(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)(san)献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)介(jie)(jie),君(jun)专席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)而(er)酢焉(yan)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)降(jiang)尊以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就卑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)已(yi)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)无(wu)(wu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)辞重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)司(si)(si)宫彻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)有(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)射辩(bian)尊卑故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)飨(xiang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)社稷山川亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)单席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)士(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)止一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》、《少(shao)牢(lao)》无(wu)(wu)异席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)依法(fa)(fa)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)及卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),屈(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。聘(pin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)苟(gou)敬席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)屈(qu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)虽(sui)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),馀(yu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屈(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《乡射》注(zhu)(zhu)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《乡饮酒》诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡人(ren)(ren)(ren)特(te)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)“升如(ru)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),辞一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),使人(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,注(zhu)(zhu)“谦(qian)自同(tong)於(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”,“有(you)(you)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辞加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),委于(yu)(yu)(yu)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)端(duan),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)彻,无(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)对,不(bu)去(qu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)”,注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),乡人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)坐(zuo),遂卷加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)辞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“赞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)来(lai)优(you)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”凡仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蒲(pu)筵(yan)(yan)(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乡射大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞加(jia)(jia)(jia)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种。称(cheng)(cheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)己云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)变云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)耳。若馀(yu)经虽(sui)异席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)两则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),与(yu)(yu)棺(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
有以少为贵者。天子无介,祭天特牲。天子適诸侯,诸侯膳以犊。诸侯相朝,灌用郁鬯,无笾豆之荐。大夫聘礼以脯醢。天子一食,诸侯再,大夫、士三,食力无数。大路繁缨一就,次路繁缨七就,圭璋特,琥璜爵。鬼神之祭单席。诸侯视朝,大夫特,士旅之。此以少为贵也。天子无介,无客礼也。灌,献也。一食、再食、三食,谓告饱也。食力谓工商农也。大路繁缨一就,殷祭天之车也。《周礼》“王之五路”,“玉路繁缨十有二就”,“金路九就”,“象路七就”,“革路五就”,“木路翦繁鹄缨”。圭璋特,朝聘以为瑞,无币帛也。琥璜爵者,天子酬诸侯,诸侯相酬,以此玉将币也。大夫特,士旅之,谓君揖之。
○犊音独,本亦作特。朝,直遥反(fan)(fan),下及注同(tong)(tong)。灌,古乱反(fan)(fan),注同(tong)(tong)。鬯,丑亮反(fan)(fan)。脯醢,上音甫,下音海(hai)。繁,步(bu)干反(fan)(fan),下及注同(tong)(tong)。琥音虎,又(you)作虎。璜音黄。单(dan)音丹(dan)。翦,子浅(qian)反(fan)(fan),一音笺(jian)。鹄,胡(hu)毒反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“有以”至“贵也”。
○正义曰:此一节明以少为贵,亦是称之义也。
○“天子无介”者,为宾用介,而天子以天下为家,既不为宾客,故无介也。
○“祭天特牲”者,特,一也。天神尊,尊质,故止一特也。
○“天子適诸侯,诸侯膳以犊”者,诸侯事天子如天子事天,天子事天既用一牛,故天子巡守过诸侯境土,诸侯奉膳亦止一牛而已也。
○“诸侯相朝,灌用郁鬯”者,转卑,须味转多也。诸侯相朝,谓五等自相朝也。灌,献也。天子祭天不用郁鬯,诸侯膳天子亦无郁鬯,而自相朝,朝享礼毕,未飨食之前,主君酌郁鬯之酒以献宾,示相接以芬芳之德,不在殽味也。何以知朝享毕而灌?按《司仪职》云:凡诸公相为宾,将币毕,云傧亦如之。郑云:傧,谓以郁鬯礼傧也。上於下曰礼,敌者曰傧,而引《礼器》“诸侯相朝,灌用郁鬯,无笾豆之荐”,谓此朝礼毕。傧,宾也。按《大行人》云:“上公”、“王礼再祼而酢”,则诸侯朝天子,天子灌用郁鬯。此特云“诸侯相朝”者,此经据以少为贵,诸侯於天子无郁鬯,诸侯相朝,则设郁鬯,欲见卑者礼多,故特举诸侯相朝也。
○“无笾豆之荐”者,义在少而不在味,故唯有鬯而无殽也。
○“大夫聘礼以脯醢”者,大夫出使行聘礼毕,主国礼之,酌以酒,而又有脯醢,无芬芳之德,故须味稍多也。
○“天子一食”者,食犹飧也。尊者常以德为饱,不在食味,故每一飧辄告饱,而待劝之乃更飧,故云一食也。
○“诸侯再”者,德降天子,故至再飧而告饱,须劝乃又食。
○“大夫士三”者,德转少,告转疏也,故《少牢特牲礼》皆三饭而告饱也。
○“食力无数”者,食力谓工商农庶人之属也。以其无德不仕,无禄代耕,故但陈力就业乃得食,故呼食力也。此等无德,以饱为度,不须告劝,故飧无数也。庾云:“食力,力作以得食也。”
○“大路繁缨一就”者,大路,殷祭天之车也。殷犹质,以木为车,无别雕饰,乘以祭天,谓之大路也。繁谓马腹带也。缨,鞅也。染丝而织之曰罽,五色一匝曰就,就,成也,言五色匝一成,车既朴素,故马亦少饰,止一就也。
○“次路繁缨七就”者,次路,殷之第三路也。供卑用,故就多也。然《郊特牲》云:“大路一就,先路三就,次路五就。”而此云次路七就,郑注《郊特牲》以此云“七”为误。
○“圭璋特”者,圭璋,玉中之贵也。特,谓不用他物媲之也。诸侯朝王以圭,朝后执璋,表德特达,不加物也。
○“琥璜爵”者,琥璜,是玉劣於圭璋者也。天子飨诸侯,或诸侯自相飨,行礼至酬时,则有币将送酬爵,又有琥璜之玉将币,故云琥璜爵也。琥璜既贱,不能特达,故附爵乃通也。崔氏云:诸侯贵者以琥,贱者以璜,则公侯以琥,伯子男以璜也。
○“鬼神之祭单席”者,神道异人,不假多重自温,故单席也。
○“诸侯视朝,大夫特,士旅之”者,视朝,谓日出视诸臣之朝者也。特犹独也。旅,众也。君行日出路门视诸臣之朝,若大夫,则君人人揖之;若士,则不问多少,而君众共一揖之也。是大夫贵,故人人得揖,士贱,故众共得一揖。是以少为贵也。此诸侯所尊者少,故大夫特、士旅之。若天子之朝,所尊者多,故《司士》云:“孤卿特揖,大夫以其等旅揖,士旁三揖。”是也。
○注“天子”至“揖之”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):此云(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)介(jie),谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)客礼(li)(li)陈(chen)摈介(jie)也(ye)。其实馀事亦(yi)有(you)(you)介(jie)副,故(gu)(gu)(gu)鬯人(ren)共介(jie)鬯,是(shi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)临鬼神使(shi)介(jie)执鬯也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)食(shi)(shi)、再食(shi)(shi)、三(san)(san)食(shi)(shi),谓(wei)告饱也(ye)”者(zhe),按《仪礼(li)(li)·特(te)牲》有(you)(you)九(jiu)饭,《少(shao)牢》十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)饭,郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“诸(zhu)侯十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)饭,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五饭。”此云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)食(shi)(shi)、再食(shi)(shi)”,与彼不同,此据(ju)食(shi)(shi)毕(bi)更加饭告饱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)力(li)谓(wei)工(gong)商(shang)农(nong)也(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)既云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)夫(fu)、士”,别云(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)(shi)力(li)”,大(da)夫(fu)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,唯有(you)(you)工(gong)商(shang)农(nong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知食(shi)(shi)力(li)是(shi)工(gong)商(shang)农(nong)也(ye)。若(ruo)对(dui)文言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)庶人(ren)食(shi)(shi)力(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《晋(jin)语》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“士食(shi)(shi)田(tian),庶人(ren)食(shi)(shi)力(li),工(gong)商(shang)食(shi)(shi)官也(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五路,玉(yu)(yu)路繁缨(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)就(jiu)(jiu),金路九(jiu)就(jiu)(jiu),象路七就(jiu)(jiu),革路五就(jiu)(jiu),水路翦繁鹄(hu)缨(ying)(ying)”者(zhe),皆《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·巾车(che)》文。按《巾车(che)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)玉(yu)(yu)路,钖樊缨(ying)(ying)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)再就(jiu)(jiu),建(jian)大(da)常,十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)斿以(yi)(yi)(yi)祀。二(er)曰(yue)(yue)金路,钩樊缨(ying)(ying)九(jiu)就(jiu)(jiu),建(jian)大(da)旂(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宾。三(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)象路,朱(zhu)樊缨(ying)(ying)七就(jiu)(jiu),建(jian)大(da)赤(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)。四曰(yue)(yue)革路,龙(long)勒条(tiao)缨(ying)(ying)五就(jiu)(jiu),建(jian)大(da)白(bai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎。五曰(yue)(yue)木路,前樊鹄(hu)缨(ying)(ying),建(jian)大(da)麾以(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)璋特(te),朝(chao)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为瑞,无(wu)(wu)币(bi)帛(bo)也(ye)”者(zhe),《聘(pin)(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue):聘(pin)(pin)(pin)君以(yi)(yi)(yi)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),聘(pin)(pin)(pin)夫(fu)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)璋。是(shi)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)也(ye)。《典瑞》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“公执桓圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),侯执信圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),伯执躬圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。”诸(zhu)侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)相见及朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)束(shu)帛(bo)。是(shi)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)璋朝(chao)聘(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为瑞无(wu)(wu)币(bi)帛(bo)。按《聘(pin)(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》行享之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,则(ze)璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo),琮以(yi)(yi)(yi)锦(jin),是(shi)加束(shu)帛(bo)。又《小行人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)合六币(bi),圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)马”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后享天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)。”“璋以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)“,注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后享后。”皮(pi)马不上堂(tang),唯圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)璋特(te)升堂(tang),亦(yi)是(shi)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)璋特(te)义也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“琥(hu)(hu)璜(huang)(huang)爵”者(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)酬(chou)诸(zhu)侯,诸(zhu)侯相酬(chou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此玉(yu)(yu)将币(bi)也(ye)者(zhe),琥(hu)(hu)璜(huang)(huang)非爵名,经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“琥(hu)(hu)璜(huang)(huang)爵”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知琥(hu)(hu)璜(huang)(huang)送爵也(ye)。按《聘(pin)(pin)(pin)礼(li)(li)》:礼(li)(li)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)币(bi),束(shu)帛(bo)乘(cheng)马,又“致飨(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)酬(chou)币(bi)”,又“致食(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)侑币(bi)”。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“礼(li)(li)束(shu)帛(bo)乘(cheng)马,亦(yi)不是(shi)过(guo)也(ye)。”则(ze)诸(zhu)侯於聘(pin)(pin)(pin)宾唯用束(shu)帛(bo)乘(cheng)马,皆不用玉(yu)(yu),今琥(hu)(hu)璜(huang)(huang)送爵,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知是(shi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)酬(chou)诸(zhu)侯及诸(zhu)侯自相酬(chou)也(ye)。
有以大为贵者。宫室之量,器皿之度,棺椁之厚,丘封之大,此以大为贵也。
○有以小为贵者。宗庙之祭,贵者献以爵,贱者献以散,尊者举觯,卑者举角。五献之尊,门外缶,门内壶,君尊瓦甒。此以小为贵也。凡觞一升曰爵,二升曰觚,三升曰觯,四升曰角,五升曰散。五献,子男之飨礼也。壶大一石,瓦甒五斗,缶大小未闻也。《易》曰:“尊酒簋贰用缶。”
○量音亮(liang)。皿,命(ming)景反(fan),《字林》音猛。散,悉旦反(fan),注同。觯,文豉反(fan)。缶,方有反(fan)。甒音武。觚(gu)音孤。
[疏]“有以”至“贵也”。
○正义曰:“贵者献以爵,贱者献以散”,按《特牲》云:“主人献尸用角,角受四升,其器小。佐食洗散以献尸,散受五升,其器大。”是尊者小,卑者大。按天子诸侯及大夫皆献尸以爵,无贱者献以散之文,礼文散亡,略不具也。《特牲》“主人献尸用角”者,下大夫也。“尊者举觯,卑者举角”者,崔氏云:按《特牲》、《少牢礼》,尸入举奠觯,是尊者举觯。《特牲》“主人受尸,酢受角饮”者,是卑者举角,此是士礼耳。天子诸侯祭礼亡失,不具也。
○“五献之尊”者,五献,子男之飨礼也。凡王飨臣,及其自相飨,行礼献数,各随其命,子男五命,知五献是子男。其飨有酒列尊之法,故云尊也。
○“门外缶”者,缶,尊名也。列尊之法,缶盛酒在门外。
○“门内壶”者,壶亦尊也,盛酒陈尊在门内。
○“君尊瓦甒”者,君尊,子男尊也,子男用瓦甒为尊,故云君尊。瓦甒云君尊,则壶、缶但饮诸臣也。不云内外,则陈之在堂,人君而尊专惠也。
○“此以小为贵也”者,小尊近君,大尊在门,是不重味,故以小为贵爵也。
○注“凡觞”至“用缶”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue),二升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觚(gu),三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觯(zhi),四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)角,五(wu)(wu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)散(san)”者(zhe)(zhe),皆《韩(han)诗(shi)(shi)说(shuo)》文。按(an)《异义》:“今《韩(han)诗(shi)(shi)说(shuo)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue),爵(jue),尽也(ye)(ye)(ye),足也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觚(gu),觚(gu),寡(gua)也(ye)(ye)(ye),饮(yin)(yin)当寡(gua)少。三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觯(zhi),觯(zhi),適也(ye)(ye)(ye),饮(yin)(yin)当自適也(ye)(ye)(ye)。四升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)角,角,触也(ye)(ye)(ye),不能自適,触罪过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)(wu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)散(san),散(san),讪也(ye)(ye)(ye),饮(yin)(yin)不能自节,为人所(suo)谤讪也(ye)(ye)(ye)。总名曰(yue)(yue)(yue)爵(jue),其实曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觞,觞者(zhe)(zhe)饷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。觥亦五(wu)(wu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)罚(fa)不敬,觥,廓(kuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye),所(suo)以(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)之(zhi)貌,君子(zi)有过(guo),廓(kuo)然明(ming)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),非(fei)所(suo)以(yi)饷,不得名觞。古《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)说(shuo)》:爵(jue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),觚(gu)三(san)(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),献(xian)(xian)以(yi)爵(jue)而(er)(er)酬(chou)(chou)以(yi)觚(gu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)而(er)(er)三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou)则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆矣(yi)。食一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆肉,饮(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆酒(jiu),中人之(zhi)食。《毛诗(shi)(shi)说(shuo)》:觥大(da)(da)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。许慎谨按(an):《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou)当一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆,若觚(gu)二升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不满一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆。又觥罚(fa)不过(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饮(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为过(guo)多。”即(ji)(ji)駮之(zhi)云:“《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》献(xian)(xian)以(yi)爵(jue)而(er)(er)酬(chou)(chou)以(yi)觚(gu),觚(gu),寡(gua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。觯(zhi)字角旁著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi),是(shi)与觚(gu)相涉误为觚(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。南郡太守(shou)马季长说(shuo):‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou)则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豆,豆当为斗(dou),与一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)三(san)(san)觯(zhi)相应。’”如郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)言,是(shi)《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》与《韩(han)诗(shi)(shi)说(shuo)》同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)《周礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou),按(an)《燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》献(xian)(xian)以(yi)觚(gu),又《燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》四举(ju)酬(chou)(chou),熊(xiong)氏(shi)云:“此(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou),是(shi)士(shi)之(zhi)飨礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若是(shi)君燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)行无筭爵(jue),非(fei)唯三(san)(san)酬(chou)(chou)而(er)(er)巳(si)。若是(shi)大(da)(da)夫以(yi)上(shang)飨礼(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)献(xian)(xian)数又多,不唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)知士(shi)之(zhi)飨礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云“壶(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)石,瓦甒五(wu)(wu)斗(dou)”者(zhe)(zhe),《汉礼(li)(li)(li)(li)器制度》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)瓦甒即(ji)(ji)《燕(yan)(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》公尊瓦大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“缶大(da)(da)小未(wei)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),今以(yi)小为贵,近(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)小,则(ze)远者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da),缶在门外,则(ze)大(da)(da)於壶(hu)(hu)矣(yi)。按(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)图》,瓦大(da)(da)受五(wu)(wu)斗(dou),口径尺,颈高二寸,径尺大(da)(da)中,身锐下(xia)平。瓦甒与瓦大(da)(da)同(tong)。引《易》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“尊酒(jiu)簋贰(er)用(yong)(yong)缶。”《易·坎卦·六(liu)四爻辞》。按(an)《六(liu)四》“尊酒(jiu)簋贰(er)用(yong)(yong)缶,纳约(yue)自牖(you),终无咎”,郑(zheng)(zheng)云:“六(liu)四上(shang)承九五(wu)(wu),又五(wu)(wu)体在震(zhen)上(shang),天(tian)子(zi)大(da)(da)臣(chen)以(yi)王(wang)命出会诸侯。尊於簋副,设玄(xuan)酒(jiu)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)缶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
有以高为贵者。天子之堂九尺,诸侯七尺,大夫五尺,士三尺。天子诸侯台门。此以高为贵也。
○有以下为贵者。至敬不坛,埽地而祭。天子、诸侯之尊废禁,大夫、士棜禁。此以下为贵也。废犹去也。棜,斯禁也,谓之棜者,无足,有似於棜,或因名云耳。大夫用斯禁,士用棜禁,如今方案,隋长局足,高三寸。
○坛,大丹反(fan)。棜,於(wu)据反(fan)。去,起(qi)吕(lv)反(fan)。斯禁,如字,刘昌(chang)宗音赐。隋,池果反(fan)。高如字,又古根反(fan)。
[疏]“有以”至“贵也”。
○正义曰:“天子之堂九尺”,此周法也。按《考工记》“殷人重屋”,“堂崇三尺”,郑差之,云“夏高一尺”,故知此九尺者,周法也。
○“至敬不坛,扫地而祭”者,此谓祭五方之天,初则燔柴於大坛,燔柴讫,於坛下扫地而设正祭,此周法也。
○“天子,诸侯之尊废禁”者,谓废去其禁。《司尊彝》爵鬯之尊用舟以承之,其牺象等六尊皆无用舟。又《燕礼》诸侯之法,“瓦大两,有丰”,是无禁也。是天子诸侯废禁。
○“大夫、士棜禁”者,谓大夫用棜,士用禁。
○注“棜斯”至“高三寸”。
○正义(yi)曰:棜(yu)(yu),斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),此文谓(wei)之棜(yu)(yu)。按《乡饮酒》是大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)谓(wei)之斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。棜(yu)(yu)长(zhang)四尺(chi),广二尺(chi)四寸(cun),深五寸(cun),无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu),赤(chi)中(zhong)(zhong),画青云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi),菱苕华为饰(shi)。禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)长(zhang)四尺(chi),广二尺(chi)四寸(cun),通局(ju)足(zu)高三寸(cun),漆赤(chi)中(zhong)(zhong),画青云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气(qi),菱苕华为饰(shi),刻其(qi)足(zu)为褰帷之形也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)之棜(yu)(yu)者,无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu),有(you)(you)似於棜(yu)(yu),或因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)耳(er)(er)”者,棜(yu)(yu)是舆名(ming)(ming),故(gu)《既夕礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“设棜(yu)(yu)於东(dong)堂下(xia)(xia)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu),今(jin)(jin)(jin)之轝(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)注《特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu)之制(zhi),如今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)木(mu)轝(yu)(yu)矣。”上(shang)有(you)(you)四周,下(xia)(xia)无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu),今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)亦(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu),似木(mu)轝(yu)(yu)之棜(yu)(yu)。故(gu)周公(gong)制(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),或因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)此斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)棜(yu)(yu)耳(er)(er),故(gu)《少牢》“司宫尊两甒于房户(hu)之间,同棜(yu)(yu)”,是周公(gong)时已名(ming)(ming)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)为棜(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)定本无(wu)(wu)(wu)“世(shi)人”二字,熊(xiong)氏以(yi)为后(hou)(hou)世(shi)人因(yin)(yin)名(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)耳(er)(er),谓(wei)后(hou)(hou)世(shi)作记之人,始名(ming)(ming)为棜(yu)(yu)。其(qi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”者,按《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)侧尊用(yong)棜(yu)(yu),则斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”按《乡饮酒》“两壶(hu)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)”,是大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“士(shi)用(yong)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。”又(you)《士(shi)冠礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》、《士(shi)昏礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》承尊皆(jie)用(yong)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),是士(shi)用(yong)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)之禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者,郑(zheng)注《士(shi)冠礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“名(ming)(ming)之禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者,因(yin)(yin)为酒戒也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”按《乡射》是士(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),而用(yong)斯(si)(si)(si)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者,以(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐贤从(cong)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。按《特牲(sheng)》是士(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“棜(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)在东(dong)序”,士(shi)亦(yi)(yi)言棜(yu)(yu)者,郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“棜(yu)(yu)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)者,祭(ji)尚厌饫,故(gu)得与大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禁(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),如今(jin)(jin)(jin)方案,随长(zhang)局(ju)足(zu),高三寸(cun)”者,按《汉礼(li)(li)(li)(li)器制(zhi)度》而知。今(jin)(jin)(jin)按郑(zheng)注《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》“棜(yu)(yu),今(jin)(jin)(jin)无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu)”。轝(yu)(yu),皇氏以(yi)为棜(yu)(yu),一头足(zu),一头无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu)。未知有(you)(you)何冯(feng)据(ju)?且高下(xia)(xia)不等,何以(yi)承尊?其(qi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
礼有以文为贵者。天子龙衮,诸侯黼,大夫黻,士玄衣纁裳。天子之冕,朱绿藻,十有二旒,诸侯九,上大夫七,下大夫五,士三。此以文为贵也。此祭冕服也。朱绿,似夏、殷礼也。周礼,天子五采藻。
○卷本又作衮,同古本反。黼音甫。黻音弗。熏字又作纁,详云反。繰,本又作璪,亦作藻,同子老反,注同。
○有以素为贵者,至敬无文,父党无容。大圭不琢,大羹不和,大路素而越席,牺尊疏布鼏,椫杓,此以素为贵也。大圭长三尺,抒上,终葵首。琢当为“篆”,字之误也。《明堂位》曰:“大路,殷路也。”鼏或作幕。椫,木白理也。
○“琢字又作琢,文转反,徐又依字丁角反。大羹(geng)音(yin)泰。和,胡卧反。越席音(yin)活(huo)。牺尊,郑素何反,王如字。幎,本又作幕,又作鼏,莫(mo)历反。椫(shan),章(zhang)善(shan)反,又市(shi)(shi)战反。杓(shao),市(shi)(shi)幼反。长,直亮(liang)反。杼,直吕(lv)反。幕音(yin)莫(mo)。
孔子曰:“礼不可不省也。礼不同、不丰、不杀。”此之谓也。盖言称也。省,察也。不同,言异也。
○杀(sha),所戒反(fan),又所例反(fan),下(xia)“而杀(sha)”、注“芟(shan)杀(sha)”皆同。
[疏]“礼有”至“称也”。
○正义曰:“天子龙衮,诸侯黼,大夫黻,士玄衣纁裳”,人君因天之文章以表於德,德多则文备,故天子龙衮,诸侯以下,文稍少也。然《周礼》上公亦衮,侯伯鷩,子男毳,孤卿絺,大夫玄,士爵弁玄衣纁裳。今言诸侯黼,大夫黻,杂明夏、殷礼也。但夏、殷衣有日月星辰山龙,今云龙衮者,举多文为首耳。日月之文,不及龙也。崔云然也。
○“天子之冕,朱绿藻,十有二旒”者,亦是夏、殷也。周藻五采也。十二谓旒数也。
○“诸侯九,上大夫七,下大夫五,士三”者,亦夏、殷也,周家旒数随命数,又士但爵弁无旒也。
○“此以文为贵也”者,是其称也。
○注“此祭”至“采藻”。正义曰:此祭冕服也。既漫云龙衮黼黻,故郑云此是祭祀冕服也。云“朱绿,似夏、殷礼也。周礼,天子五采藻”者,郑据经,非周法也。而云“似夏、殷”者,夏、殷无服礼文,今此文非周制,故云似也。熊氏云:“朱绿以下,是夏、殷礼,其天子龙衮,诸侯黼,大夫黻等,皆周法,无嫌。诸侯虽九章七章以下,其中有黼也。孤絺冕而下,其中有黻,特举黼黻而言耳。故《诗·采蘋》云:‘玄衮及黼。’是特言黼也。《诗·终南》美秦襄公‘黻衣绣裳’,是特言黻也。”熊氏之义,逾於皇氏耳。
○“有以素”至“贵也”。
○“至敬无文”,“至敬”谓敬之至极,谓祭天服用大裘,是“无文”也。
○“父党无容”者,谓父之族党,是亲质素,故事之无有折旋揖让之容。
○“大圭不琢”者,大圭,天子朝日月之圭也,尚质之义但抒上,终葵首,而无琢桓蒲之文也。
○“大羹不和”者,大羹,肉汁也;不和,无盐梅也。大古初变腥,但煮肉而饮其汁,未知调和,后人祭既重古,故但盛肉汁,谓之大羹不和。
○“大路素而越席”者,大路,殷家祭天车也。越席,蒲席也。祭天本质素,故素车蒲席也。
○“牺尊”者,先儒云:“刻尊为牺牛之形,用以为尊。”郑云:“画尊作凤羽婆娑然,故谓娑尊也。”祭天既用陶匏,盖以瓦为尊,画牺羽於上,或可用牺为尊,是夏、殷礼也。周用陶也。皇氏以为牺尊,即《周礼》牺象也。而祭天用陶匏者,谓盛牲牢及酌酒器,其义非也。具在《特牲疏》。“疏布鼏”者,疏,粗也;鼏,覆也。谓郊天时以粗布为巾以覆尊也。故《幂人》云:“祭祀,以疏布巾幂八尊。”注云:“以疏布者,天地之神尚质也。”
○“椫杓”者,椫,白理木也。贵素,故用白理木为杓,而郑注《周礼》亦云:“祭天爵不用玉也。”
○注“大圭”至“葵首”。
○正义曰:杼,杀也。长三尺,下头方而杀其上,故云杼上。“终葵首”者,椎名也。於杼上之头又为方椎,故云终葵首也。
○“孔子”至“称也”。
○“礼不可不省”,记者引孔子语证上诸事也。省,察也。礼既有诸事,所趣不同,不可不察,不察则礼道无由可知也。“礼不同”者,此是可省之事也,不同谓或高下、大小、文素之异也。
○“不丰”者,应少不可多,是不丰也。
○“不杀”者,应多不可少也,是不杀也。此之谓也。
○“盖(gai)言称(cheng)也”者,此之谓上(shang)诸事(shi)也,上(shang)事(shi)各(ge)异,盖(gai)是各(ge)言其有称(cheng)故也。此经总说在人称(cheng)之事(shi)也。
礼之以多为贵者,以其外心者也。外心,用心於外,其德在表也。德发扬,诩万物,诩犹普也,徧也。
○诩,况矩反。徧音遍。大理物博,如此,则得不以多为贵乎?故君子乐其发也。发犹见也。乐,多其外见也。
○乐,五孝反(fan)(fan),注同。见(jian),贤遍反(fan)(fan),下“外见(jian)”、“告见(jian)”皆同。
[疏]“礼之”至“发也”。
○正义曰:此一节以上言称,作记之人因广明称之事。
○“礼之以多为贵”者,此说礼之所以须多为贵之意。
○“以其外心者也”,谓其用心於外也。用心於外,谓起自朝廷,广及九州四海也。王者居四海之上,宜为四海所畏服,故礼须自多厚显德於外,於外亦以接物也,故云以其外心者也。《隐义》云:“万物在人,外非已所有,故以多为贵也。”
○“德发扬,诩万物”者,此以下解心在外义也。诩,普也,遍也。言王者抚有四海,宜发扬其德普遍万物也。
○“大理物博”者,言王者大领理万物之事,广博如此,则得不以多为贵乎者,结上也。既有德发於外,遍万物,理博事条如此,则岂得不贵多乎?故贵之也。
○“故(gu)君子(zi)乐(le)其(qi)发也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),君子(zi),则天子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。发,见(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既须(xu)外(wai)接,故(gu)所(suo)行事乐(le)得其(qi)礼迹发见(jian)於(wu)外(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。一云君子(zi)谓民下识礼道者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。庾云:“王功被於(wu)物,君子(zi)乐(le)其(qi)外(wai)见(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
礼之以少为贵者,以其内心者也。内心,用心於内,其德在内。德产之致也精微,致,致密也。
○致,直置反,注皆同。观天下之物无可以称其德者,万物皆天所生,孰可奉荐以称也。如此,则得不以少为贵乎?是故君子慎其独也。少其牲物,致诚悫。
○壳(qiao)字又作(zuo)悫,苦角反,下文同。
[疏]“礼之”至“独也”。
○正义曰:此一节亦覆说礼之以少为贵之意,以其内心者也。内心谓用心於内也。用心於内,谓行礼不使外迹彰著也。
○“德产之致也精微”者,此以下解心在内义也。德,天地之德也。产,生也。致,密也。言天地之德,生於万物,深密,唯精唯微,无所遗忘者也。卢云:“天地之德,所生至精至微也。”
○“观天下之物,无可以称其德”者,观犹览视也。言视天下万物,皆是天地所生。若待彼所生,以报於彼,终非报义,故云无可以称其德者也。如此则得不以少为贵乎者,既无物可称,则宜少外多内也。是其外迹,岂得不贵少乎?王云:欲遍取万物以祭天,终不能称其德报其功,故以特犊贵诚悫之义也。
○“是故(gu)君(jun)子(zi)慎(shen)(shen)其独也”者(zhe),独,少也。既外迹(ji)应少,故(gu)君(jun)子(zi)用少而极敬慎(shen)(shen)也。前云(yun)“故(gu)”,此云(yun)“是故(gu)”者(zhe),慎(shen)(shen)之(zhi)情深,故(gu)加(jia)“是”也。
古(gu)之(zhi)圣人,内之(zhi)为尊(zun),外之(zhi)为乐,少之(zhi)为贵,多之(zhi)为美(mei)。是故先王之(zhi)制礼(li)也,不可多也,不可寡也,唯(wei)其称(cheng)也。
[疏]“古之”至“称也”。
○正义曰:此一节覆说圣人制礼,或内或外,或少或多,然后为称也。
○“古之圣人,内之为尊”者,解内心也。天不可外报,所以内极敬慎,而其理为尊也。
○“外之为乐”者,解外心接物须广大,故外极繁富,而其事可乐也。《隐义》云:“乐多其外见者,谓衣服万物,悉外见物也。已有功德,故得使有此物,以光辉祀先人为乐也。”
○“少之为贵”者,极心於内,故外以少为贵也。
○“多之为美”者,极礼迹於表,故以外多为美也。
○“是故(gu)先王之制礼也(ye),不(bu)可多(duo)也(ye),不(bu)可寡也(ye)”者,合结多(duo)少乃(nai)异(yi),而以有称为礼也(ye)。
是故君子大牢而祭谓之礼,匹士大牢而祭谓之攘。君子谓大夫以上。攘,盗窃也。
○匹士(shi),本或作(zuo)正士(shi)。攘,如羊(yang)反。上,时掌(zhang)反。
[疏]“是故”至“之攘”。
○正义曰:此一节说礼既须称中,则得礼,僣则盗窃。
○“君子大牢而祭谓之礼”者,君子,大夫以上。大夫常祭少牢,遣奠及卒哭、祔用大牢,故祭用大牢而谓之礼也。
○“匹(pi)士大牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)而祭(ji)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)攘”者(zhe)(zhe),匹(pi)士,士也(ye)。攘,盗也(ye)。士常祭(ji)特豚(tun),遣奠、卒哭、祔加(jia)(jia)一等少(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。若(ruo)用大牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),则是盗窃用君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)礼也(ye)。然(ran)不直言(yan)士而言(yan)匹(pi)士者(zhe)(zhe),更云(yun)(yun)士,言(yan)其微(wei)贱,不得特使为介乃(nai)行,故谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)匹(pi)也(ye)。《白虎通》云(yun)(yun)“庶人称(cheng)匹(pi)夫”者(zhe)(zhe),匹(pi),偶也(ye),与其妻偶,阴阳相戒之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye),故《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)“匹(pi)夫匹(pi)妇(fu)”。检於礼,本(ben)(ben)时有“匹(pi)”字作“正(zheng)”字者(zhe)(zhe),有通者(zhe)(zhe)云(yun)(yun):天子大夫常祭(ji)亦大牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),故此(ci)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)大夫大牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼正(zheng)也(ye)。若(ruo)诸侯大夫自(zi)常祭(ji)少(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),加(jia)(jia)一等乃(nai)大牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)耳,少(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)馈食是诸侯大夫礼也(ye)。崔氏亦用此(ci)义(yi)(yi),然(ran)卢、王《礼》本(ben)(ben)并作“匹(pi)”字矣,今(jin)定本(ben)(ben)及诸本(ben)(ben)并作“正(zheng)”字,熊(xiong)氏依(yi)此(ci)本(ben)(ben)而为“正(zheng)”字,恐(kong)误也(ye)。
管仲镂簋朱纮、山节藻棁,君子以为滥矣。滥亦盗窃也。镂簋谓刻而饰之,大夫刻为龟耳,诸侯饰以象,天子饰以玉。朱纮,天子冕之纮也,诸侯青组纮,大夫士当缁组纮纁边。栭谓之节,梁上楹谓之棁。宫室之饰,士首本,大夫达棱,诸侯斫而砻之,天子加密石焉。无画山藻之礼也。
○镂簋,力豆反(fan)(fan),下音轨。纮音宏。藻(zao)棁,章悦反(fan)(fan),依字当(dang)作棳,梁上朱儒柱。栭音而。棱,力登反(fan)(fan)。斫(zhuo),陟角反(fan)(fan)。砻,力工反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“管仲”至“滥矣”。
○正义曰:此一节明奢而失礼之事。
○“管仲镂簋朱纮”者,此是不称之人也。管仲,齐大夫也。簋,黍稷器也。纮,冕之饰,用组为之,以其组从下屈而上属之,於两旁垂馀为缨。此镂簋朱纮,是天子之饰,而管仲僣滥为之也。
○“山节”者,山节谓刻柱头为斗拱,形如山也。
○“藻棁”者,谓画梁上短柱为藻文也。此是天子庙饰,而管仲僣为之也。郑注《明堂》云:山节,刻卢为山也;藻棁,画侏儒柱为藻文也。
○“君子以为滥矣”者,君子识礼者也,谓管仲行此事是为窃滥也。
○注“镂簋”至“礼也”。
○正义曰:镂簋谓刻而饰之,镂谓刻镂,故知刻而饰之。云“大夫刻为龟耳”者,按《少牢》“敦皆南首”郑注云:“敦有首者,尊者器饰也。饰盖象龟,周之礼:饰器各以其类,龟有上下甲也。龟、簋声相近,故知为龟形也。
○云“诸侯饰以象”者,按《燕礼》有象觚,故知饰以象也。云“天子饰以玉”者,按《周礼》九嫔云:“赞玉齍。”《玉府》云:“共玉敦。”是也。云“朱纮,天子冕之纮也,诸侯青组纮”,皆《祭义》文也。
○云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大夫士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)当(dang)缁组(zu)(zu)纮(hong)纁边”者,按《士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冠(guan)礼(li)(li)》“缁组(zu)(zu)纮(hong)纁边”是士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。天子诸侯(hou)用纯(chun),大夫当(dang)用杂,故(gu)宜与士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“栭谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)节(jie),梁上(shang)楹谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)棁”者,《释宫》文。其(qi)梁上(shang)楹谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)棁,孙(sun)炎云(yun)(yun)(yun):“梁上(shang)侏儒柱(zhu)也(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“栭谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)节(jie),李巡本(ben)‘节(jie)’作‘楶’,谓(wei)(wei)薄(bo)卢(lu)一(yi)名(ming)节(jie),皆谓(wei)(wei)斗栱也(ye)。”熊(xiong)氏云(yun)(yun)(yun):“栭上(shang)著木(mu)须檼,谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)卢(lu),即今之(zhi)<木(mu)沓>木(mu)也(ye)。”以卢(lu)与栭异(yi)物,其(qi)说非也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫室(shi)之(zhi)饰,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)首本(ben),大夫达棱(leng),诸侯(hou)斫(zhuo)而(er)砻之(zhi),天子加(jia)密(mi)石焉(yan)”者,此庄二十四年(nian)《穀梁传》文,彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大夫斫(zhuo)之(zhi),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斫(zhuo)本(ben)”,与此异(yi)。按《礼(li)(li)纬·含(han)文嘉》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“大夫达棱(leng),谓(wei)(wei)斫(zhuo)为四棱(leng),以达两端。”士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)首本(ben)者,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斫(zhuo)去(qu)木(mu)之(zhi)首本(ben),令细与尾(wei)头相应,《晋语》及《含(han)文嘉》并《穀梁传》,虽其(qi)文小异(yi),大意(yi)略同(tong)也(ye)。此管仲(zhong)所(suo)僣,皆天子之(zhi)礼(li)(li)。知者,《明堂位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“山节(jie),藻棁”,“棁子之(zhi)庙饰”故(gu)也(ye)。
晏平仲祀其先人,豚肩不揜豆,澣衣濯冠以朝,君子以为隘矣。隘犹狭陋也。祀不以少牢,与无田者同,不盈礼也。大夫士有田则祭,无田则荐。澣衣濯冠,俭不务新。
○澣又作浣,户管反。濯,直角反。朝,直遥反。隘,本又作阨,於卖反。
○是故君子之(zhi)行礼(li)也(ye),不可不慎也(ye)。众之(zhi)纪也(ye),纪散而众乱。言二大(da)夫皆非也(ye)。纪,丝缕之(zhi)数有纪。
[疏]“晏平”至“众乱”。
○正义曰:此一节论俭而不中礼,非称之事。
○“豚肩不揜豆”者,晏平仲,齐大夫也。大夫祭用少牢,士用特豚,而平仲今用豚,豚又过小,并豚两肩不揜豆也。必言肩者,周人贵肩也。肩在俎,今云豆,喻其小,假豆言之,其实在俎,不在豆也。
○“澣衣濯冠以朝”者,大夫须鲜华之美,而晏氏澣衣濯冠以朝君,是不华也。
○“君子以为隘矣”者,隘,狭也。识礼君子,评其大俭褊狭。
○注“祀不”至“者同”。
○正义曰:“与(yu)无田者(zhe)同”,谓与(yu)无田之士(shi)同,不关大夫也(ye)。无田大夫,犹用羔羊也(ye)。
孔子曰:“我(wo)(wo)战则(ze)克(ke),祭则(ze)受福,盖(gai)得(de)其道矣(yi)。”我(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)知礼者也。克(ke),胜也。
[疏]“孔子”至“道矣”。
○此一节论孔子述知礼之人,自称战、克、祭、受福之事。
○“我战则克,祭则受福”者,又引《郊特牲》语结称也。我谓知礼者。克,胜也。言知礼之人,战必胜,祭必受福,盖得其道矣者,解所以战胜而祭受福也。战胜、祭受福,是所为得道,不多不少,随而称当也,祗为二大夫之不称也。然此无战事,祇应云祭受福,而此连言战者,彼为二句相连,故合引之也,且彼因祭之田猎,而教战选兵,祭有战事。
○注“我,我知礼者也”。
○正义(yi)曰:知(zhi)非孔子自我者(zhe),君子务(wu)在(zai)谦光,不(bu)应自言祭祀受福之事,故知(zhi)述知(zhi)礼(li)者(zhe)而言我也。
君子曰:“祭祀不祈,祈,求也。祭祀不为求福也。《诗》云“自求多福”,福由巳耳。
○为,于伪反,下“为母”、“为父母”皆同。不麾蚤,麾之言快也。祭有时,不以先之为快也。齐人所善曰麾。
○摩,本又作麾,毁皮反,齐人谓快为麾。蚤音早。不乐葆大,谓器币也。葆之言褒也。
○葆音保,又保毛反,本又作保。不善嘉事,嘉事之(zhi)祭,致夫人(ren)是也(ye)。礼宜告(gao)见於先祖耳,不善之(zhi)而祭。牲不及(ji)肥大,荐不美多品。”以礼之(zhi)义(yi),有以小少为贵也(ye)。
[疏]“君子”至“多品”。
○正义曰:此一节论祭祀之事,依礼而行,不乐华美。祭祀不祈者,祈,求也。凡祭祀之礼,本为感践霜露思亲,而宜设祭以存亲耳,非为就亲祈福报也。
○“不麾蚤”者,麾,快也;蚤谓先时也。孝子感霜露应心而思亲,思亲而宜祭,不以霜露未至而先时早设为快也。
○“不乐葆大”者,葆者,褒也。褒,崇高之称也。祭之器币,大小长短自有常宜,币通丈八尺,豆盛四升,不以贵者贪高大为之也。
○“不善嘉”者,嘉事,冠、昏也。人年二十成人,自宜冠,三十嗣世自宜昏。若无亲者,昏三月祭以告庙,冠毕扫地而祭祢,并是有为而然,非谓善之而设祭。
○“牲不及肥大”者,谓郊牛茧栗、宗庙角握、社稷尺,各有所宜,不必须并及肥大也。
○“荐不美多品”者,荐祭品味宜有其定,不以多为美,故《郊特牲》而社稷大牢是也。
○注“祈求”至“已耳”。
○正义曰:按《郑志》答赵商问:“祭祀不祈,商按:《周礼》设六祈之科祷攘而祭,无不祈,故敢问《礼记》者何义也?”郑答云:“祭祀常礼,以序孝敬之心,当专一其志而已。祷祈有为言之,主於求福,岂礼之常也。又郑《发墨守》云:“孝子祭祀,虽致其诚信与其忠敬而巳,不求其为,而祝、尸嘏主人曰:皇尸命工祝,承致多福无疆于女孝孙,来女孝孙,使女受禄于天,宜稼于田,眉寿万年,勿替引之。”若此祭祀,内尽巳心,外亦有祈福之义也。
○注“嘉事”至“是也”。
○正义曰:按桓(huan)三年齐侯使仲年来聘致(zhi)夫人(ren),于(yu)时公取文(wen)姜三月(yue)(yue)庙见(jian),故仲年来致(zhi)夫人(ren)。于(yu)时无祭,而云嘉事(shi)之祭者,当致(zhi)夫人(ren)之时,必告庙也(ye)。故《曾子问(wen)》卿大夫取妻三月(yue)(yue),有庙见(jian)之礼。
孔子曰:“臧文仲安知礼!夏父弗綦逆祀而弗止也。燔柴於奥。文仲,鲁公子彄之曾孙臧孙辰也。庄、文之间为大夫,於时为贤,是以非之不正礼也。文二年“八月丁卯,大事于大庙,跻僖公”,始逆祀,是夏父弗綦为宗人之为也。奥当为爨字之误也,或作灶。礼,尸卒事,而祭饎爨饔爨也。时人以为祭火神乃燔柴。
○父音甫。不綦音忌;不,亦作弗。燔音烦,又芳云反。奥依注作爨,七乱反,下同。彄,苦侯反。大庙音太,下注“太平”、下文“太庙”并同。跻,子西反,升也,本又作跻。饎爨,昌志反,下七乱反。夫奥者,老妇之祭也。盛於盆,尊於瓶。”老妇,先炊者也。盆、瓶,炊器也。明此祭先炊,非祭火神,燔柴似失之。
○盛音成(cheng)。瓶(ping),步丁反。
[疏]“孔子”至“於瓶”。
○正义曰:此以下引仲尼证不得所宜之人也。文仲,鲁大夫也,事庄闵僖文四君,时人众尊为知礼,故孔子证其不知礼之事,以讥时人也。
○“夏父弗綦逆祀而弗止也”者,此非礼之一事也。鲁闵公、僖公俱是庄公之子,闵適而小,僖庶而大。庄公死而立闵为君,僖时为臣,闵少而死,后乃立僖为君。僖死,僖公子文公立。文二年八月丁卯大事于大庙,是时夏父弗綦为宗伯典礼,佞文公云:“吾见新鬼大故鬼小。”使列昭穆,以闵置僖下,是臣在君上为逆乱昭穆。时臧文仲为卿大夫,见有此逆祀之事而不谏使止,故云安知礼也。
○“燔柴於奥”者,此又非礼之事。奥音爨,爨以爨煮为义也。礼,祭至尸食竟而祭爨神,言其有功於人,人得饮食,故祭报之。而夏父弗綦为礼官,谓爨神是火神,而遂燔柴祭之,此是失礼。而文仲又不能谏止之,又为不知礼也。
○“夫奥者,老妇之祭也”者,既讥燔柴於爨,又明祭爨不可以燔柴之义。爨者,是老妇之祭,其祭卑,唯盛食於盆,盛酒於瓶,卑贱若此,何得燔柴祭之也?
○注“文仲”至“燔柴”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文(wen)(wen)仲(zhong),鲁公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子彄(kou)(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾孙臧孙辰也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)(an)(an)《世本(ben)》:”孝公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)彄(kou)(kou),彄(kou)(kou)生(sheng)哀伯(bo)(bo)(bo)达,达生(sheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)氏(shi)瓶(ping)(ping),瓶(ping)(ping)生(sheng)文(wen)(wen)仲(zhong)辰“,是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子彄(kou)(kou)曾孙也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庄、文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)”者,按(an)(an)(an)庄二(er)(er)(er)十八年臧孙辰告籴(di)于齐(qi),文(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年纵(zong)逆(ni)(ni)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),是(shi)庄、文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)时(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贤(xian)”者,襄二(er)(er)(er)十四年《左传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):先大(da)夫(fu)(fu)曰臧文(wen)(wen)仲(zhong),既没,其(qi)言(yan)立於(wu)后世,死犹(you)不朽。是(shi)於(wu)时(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贤(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年八月(yue)丁卯,大(da)事(shi)于大(da)庙,跻(ji)(ji)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),始(shi)逆(ni)(ni)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)”者,按(an)(an)(an)文(wen)(wen)二(er)(er)(er)年《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)事(shi)者何?大(da)祫(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。逆(ni)(ni)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)奈何?先祢而后祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”何休(xiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“近(jin)取法《春秋》,惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)当(dang)(dang)同(tong)(tong)南面西上,隐、桓(huan)与(yu)(yu)闵(min)(min)、僖(xi)(xi)(xi)亦当(dang)(dang)同(tong)(tong)北面西上。闵(min)(min)、僖(xi)(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)弟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)继代言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)父子君(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)恩义(yi)(yi)(yi)逆(ni)(ni)顺,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先祢后祖(zu)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。按(an)(an)(an)《外传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“跻(ji)(ji)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),弗綦(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):明(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),其(qi)次为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),终文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)至惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)七世,惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu),桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu),闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)。今(jin)跻(ji)(ji)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu),自此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),昭(zhao)、穆(mu)皆(jie)逆(ni)(ni),故(gu)(gu)定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)八年顺祀(si)(si)(si)(si)先公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),服(fu)氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“自跻(ji)(ji)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,昭(zhao)、穆(mu)皆(jie)逆(ni)(ni)。”是(shi)同(tong)(tong)《国(guo)语》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo),与(yu)(yu)何休(xiu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)异。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》董(dong)仲(zhong)舒说(shuo)(shuo)跻(ji)(ji)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)逆(ni)(ni)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),小恶也(ye)(ye)(ye);《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。许(xu)君(jun)谨(jin)按(an)(an)(an):同(tong)(tong)《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)。郑駮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“兄(xiong)弟无(wu)相后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,登僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)於(wu)闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)上,不顺,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)郑此(ci)(ci)(ci)意(yi),正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)在闵(min)(min)上谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao),非昭(zhao)穆(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奥(ao)(ao),当(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)爨字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“老(lao)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),盛於(wu)盆,尊(zun)於(wu)瓶(ping)(ping)”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)非奥(ao)(ao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。奥(ao)(ao)者,夏(xia)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)神,其(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)尊(zun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)妇配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。故(gu)(gu)《中霤礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)灶(zao)(zao)(zao),先荐於(wu)奥(ao)(ao),有(you)主(zhu)有(you)尸(shi),用(yong)特(te)(te)牲迎尸(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)略如(ru)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),是(shi)其(qi)事(shi)大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。爨者,宗(zong)庙祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),尸(shi)卒食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,特(te)(te)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)老(lao)妇,盛於(wu)盆,尊(zun)於(wu)瓶(ping)(ping),是(shi)其(qi)事(shi)小也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或作灶(zao)(zao)(zao)”者,诸(zhu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》本(ben)有(you)作“灶(zao)(zao)(zao)”字,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)(li),尸(shi)卒食(shi),而祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)饎爨饔(yong)爨也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,《特(te)(te)牲记(ji)》注旧说(shuo)(shuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“宗(zong)妇祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)饎爨,亨者祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)饔(yong)爨,用(yong)黍肉而已,无(wu)笾豆俎(zu)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)火神乃(nai)(nai)(nai)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)”者,依尸(shi)卒食(shi)而祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)饎爨饔(yong)爨,当(dang)(dang)时(shi)失(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)火神,遂乃(nai)(nai)(nai)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai),故(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)於(wu)奥(ao)(ao),明(ming)失(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“弗綦(qi)既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逆(ni)(ni)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi),又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)爨为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)火神乃(nai)(nai)(nai)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)”者,熊氏(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“宗(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实柴(chai)(chai)(chai)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)日月(yue)星辰,有(you)大(da)火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次,故(gu)(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)火神乃(nai)(nai)(nai)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)。”按(an)(an)(an)《异义(yi)(yi)(yi)》:灶(zao)(zao)(zao)神,今(jin)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)戴说(shuo)(shuo)引此(ci)(ci)(ci)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)盆瓶(ping)(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),古(gu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》说(shuo)(shuo)颛顼氏(shi)有(you)子曰黎,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)融,祀(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)神。许(xu)君(jun)谨(jin)按(an)(an)(an):同(tong)(tong)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》。郑駮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祝(zhu)融乃(nai)(nai)(nai)古(gu)火官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,犹(you)后稷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尧司(si)马,其(qi)尊(zun)如(ru)是(shi)。王(wang)者祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但就(jiu)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)陉,一何陋也(ye)(ye)(ye)?祝(zhu)融乃(nai)(nai)(nai)是(shi)五(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,祀(si)(si)(si)(si)於(wu)四郊(jiao),而祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)火神於(wu)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)陉,於(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乖也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)郑此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan),则祝(zhu)融是(shi)五(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,祀(si)(si)(si)(si)於(wu)郊(jiao)。奥(ao)(ao)者,正(zheng)是(shi)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,常祀(si)(si)(si)(si)在夏(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)妇配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)俎(zu)及(ji)笾、豆,设(she)於(wu)灶(zao)(zao)(zao)陉,又(you)延尸(shi)入奥(ao)(ao)。爨者,宗(zong)庙祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后,直祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先炊(chui)老(lao)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,在於(wu)爨灶(zao)(zao)(zao)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)祝(zhu)融并(bing)奥(ao)(ao)及(ji)爨三者所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
礼也者,犹体也。若人身体。体不备,君子谓之不成人。设之不当,犹不备也。礼有大有小,有显有微。大者不可损,小者不可益,显者不可揜,微者不可大也。故《经礼》三百,《曲礼》三千,其致一也。致之言至也。一,谓诚也。《经礼》谓《周礼》也,《周礼》六篇,其官有三百六十。曲犹事也,事礼谓今礼也。礼篇多亡,本数未闻,其中事仪三千。
○当(dang),丁浪反。未有(you)入室(shi)而不由户(hu)者(zhe),三百、三千(qian),皆(jie)犹诚也(ye)。
[疏]“礼也”至“尸者”。
○正义曰:此一节论因上礼之有称,故此以下,广明三代之礼皆由诚信乃合。亦各依文解之。
○“礼也者,犹体也”者,犹若人身体也。
○“体不备,君子谓之不成人”,释体也。人身体发肤、骨肉、筋脉备足,乃为成人。若片许不备,便不为成人也。
○“设之不当,犹不备也”者,合譬也。礼既犹如人之有体,体虽备,但设之不当,则不成人,则设礼不当亦不成礼,犹人体之不当也。所以已祭天地,复祭山川社稷;已事生人,复祭宗庙,是备祭之义也。“礼有大”者,谓有大及多为贵也。“有小”者,谓有小及少为贵也。“有显”者,谓有高及文为贵也。“有微”者,谓有素及下为贵也。“大者不可损,小者不可益,显者不可揜,微者不可大也”者,各随其体而设礼,不得不当也。
○“故《经礼》三百,《曲礼》三千”者,既设礼大小随於万体,不可不备,故周公制礼,遂有三千三百之多也。“其致一也”者,致,至也。一,诚也。虽三千三百之多,而行之者皆须至诚,故云一也。若损大益小,揜显大微,皆失至诚也。周公摄政七年,制礼作乐,为设官分职之法,亦名《周官》,有六卿,每卿下各有属官六十,凡三百六十经。秦焚烧之后,至汉孝文帝时,求得此书,不见《冬官》一篇,乃使博士作《考工记》补之,非上之义,唯证《周礼》三百六十职也。
○“未(wei)有入室(shi)而(er)不由(you)户(hu)(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe),室(shi)犹(you)礼也。户(hu)(hu)犹(you)诚(cheng)也。入室(shi)必由(you)户(hu)(hu),行礼必由(you)诚(cheng),故云未(wei)有入室(shi)而(er)不由(you)户(hu)(hu),行礼不由(you)诚(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe),言皆由(you)诚(cheng)也。
君(jun)子之(zhi)於礼也,有(you)所(suo)竭情尽(jin)慎,致其敬而诚若(ruo),谓以(yi)少小下素(su)为贵也。若(ruo),顺也。有(you)美而文而诚若(ruo)。谓以(yi)多大高文为贵也。
[疏]“君子”至“诚若”。
○正义曰:此经覆明上以少小下素之义。
○“有所竭情尽慎,致其敬而诚若”者,谓所以少小下素为贵者,当求诸於内,有所求竭已情,尽其戒慎,致其恭敬而行,至诚和顺,故以少小下素为贵也。
○“有美而(er)文(wen)(wen)而(er)诚(cheng)(cheng)若”:此(ci)一经明多大(da)高文(wen)(wen)为贵之义。“有美而(er)文(wen)(wen)”者,谓(wei)有威仪之美,而(er)文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)显著,而(er)行至诚(cheng)(cheng)和顺(shun)者,章(zhang)之於外,故须(xu)多大(da)高文(wen)(wen)也(ye)。言内行诚(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun),则(ze)以(yi)少小(xiao)下素求诸内也(ye),外行诚(cheng)(cheng)顺(shun),则(ze)以(yi)多大(da)高文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)之外也(ye)。
君子之於礼也,有直而行也,谓若始死哭踊无节也。有曲而杀也,谓若父在为母期也。
○期音基。有经而等也,谓若天子以下至士庶人为父母三年。有顺而讨也,讨犹去也,谓若天子以十二,公以九,侯伯以七,子男以五为节也。
○去,起吕反,下“去之”同。有摲而播也,摲之言芟也,谓芟杀有所与也。若祭者贵贱皆有所得,不使虚也。
○摲,所监反,又所览反。芟,所咸反。有推而进也,谓若王者之后,得用天子之礼。有放而文也。谓若天子之服,服日月以至黼黻。
○放,方往反,下“有放”、“必放”同。有放而不致也,谓若诸侯自山龙以下。
○不致,本或作“不至”。有顺而摭也。谓若君沐梁,大夫沐稷,士沐梁。
○摭,之石反。
[疏]“君子”至“摭也”。
○正义曰:此经广明礼意不同。
○“有直而行也”者:君子於礼,一事也。直而行,谓亲始死,孝子哀慼哭踊无节,直在已天性而行也。
○“有曲而杀也”者:二事也。曲杀谓服父斩衰三年,为母齐衰期,是曲杀也。
○“有经而等也”者:三事也。经,常也。常而等,谓上自天子,下至庶人,虽尊卑有异,而服其父母,则贵贱同等也。
○“有顺而讨也”者:四事也。顺犹顺序,讨犹去也,谓天子至尊,每十二为节,自此以下,转相降差,公九,侯伯七,子男五,顺序而稍去之也。
○“有摲而播也”者:五事也。摲,芟也。播,布也。谓君祭而群臣助祭得俎,而下至胞翟一切悉有所得,是芟上贵之分,以布遍於下也。
○“有推而进也”者:六事也。谓二王之后,已丧天位,而天子必推而进之,使用王礼也。
○“有放而文也”者:七事也。放,法也。谓天子画日月星辰於衣服,是法天以为文。
○“有放而不致也”者:八事也。致,极也。谓诸侯以下,亦有放法而不得极也。
○“有顺而摭(zhi)也”者:九事(shi)也。摭(zhi)犹拾取也。谓(wei)若君沐梁,大夫用稷,士用梁,士卑不嫌,是(shi)拾君之礼而用之也。
三代之礼(li)一也,民共由之,或(huo)素或(huo)青(qing),夏(xia)造(zao)殷(yin)因(yin)。一也,俱趋诚(cheng)也。由,用也。素尚(shang)(shang)白(bai)(bai),黑(hei)尚(shang)(shang)青(qing)者(zhe)也。言所尚(shang)(shang)虽异,礼(li)则相(xiang)因(yin)耳。孔(kong)子曰:“殷(yin)因(yin)於夏(xia)礼(li),所损(sun)益(yi)可知也。周因(yin)於殷(yin)礼(li),所损(sun)益(yi)可知也。”变白(bai)(bai)黑(hei)言素青(qing)者(zhe),秦(qin)二世时,赵高欲(yu)作乱,或(huo)以青(qing)为黑(hei)、黑(hei)为黄,民言从之,至今语犹存也。
[疏]“三代”至“殷因”。
○正义曰:此一节广明三代损益不同。
○“三代之礼一也”者,谓三代所行之礼虽各别,一皆趍於至诚,故云一也。
○“民共由之”者:由,用也。非唯君行礼用诚如一也,民亦共用诚如一也。
○“或素”者:前明三代虽异,而俱用诚是同,此述其迹异也。或素,尚白也,尚白,殷世之礼也。
○“或青”者:尚黑,夏世之礼也。然夏先殷后,今先云“或素”者,记是周时,今欲见周因於殷,殷因於夏礼也。
○“夏造”者,往来之礼虽同,而先从夏始,故云夏造也。
○“殷因”者,因於夏礼而用之,故云殷因也。
○注“一也”至“存也”。
○正义曰:“一也(ye),俱趋诚也(ye)”,文(wen)承上“《经礼(li)》三(san)(san)百,《曲礼(li)》三(san)(san)千,其致一也(ye)”。一谓(wei)至诚,故知此(ci)一亦至诚也(ye)。云“青尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)黑(hei)者也(ye)”者,夏以(yi)十三(san)(san)月为(wei)正,於时草之(zhi)(zhi)萌(meng)牙变白(bai)而(er)青也(ye),夏正尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)黑(hei),故也(ye)青谓(wei)黑(hei)也(ye)。云“秦(qin)二(er)世(shi)时,赵高(gao)欲作乱,或以(yi)青为(wei)黑(hei)、黑(hei)为(wei)黄(huang),民言从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi),至今语犹(you)存也(ye)”者,按《史记》秦(qin)二(er)世(shi)名胡(hu)亥,於时丞相(xiang)赵高(gao)欲杀二(er)世(shi),未知人从(cong)己否,乃指鹿为(wei)马,人畏赵高(gao),皆(jie)称(cheng)鹿为(wei)马,是其事(shi)也(ye)。其以(yi)青为(wei)黑(hei)以(yi)黑(hei)为(wei)黄(huang),即(ji)鹿马之(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)。郑去(qu)胡(hu)亥既(ji)近,相(xiang)传知之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)作记之(zhi)(zhi)人在(zai)胡(hu)亥之(zhi)(zhi)后,故或素或青。若王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo),则(ze)异於此(ci),故《家语》云:“夏后以(yi)水(shui)德(de)(de)而(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang),色(se)(se)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)黑(hei)。周以(yi)木(mu)德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang),色(se)(se)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)黄(huang)。舜(shun)以(yi)土德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang),色(se)(se)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)白(bai)。”《圣证论》王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃以(yi)为(wei)夏同尧,皆(jie)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)其紫色(se)(se),舜(shun)土德(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)白(bai),而(er)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)青者,土以(yi)生为(wei)功,东(dong)方生物之(zhi)(zhi)始,故尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)青。土既(ji)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)青,水(shui)则(ze)辟之(zhi)(zhi)青而(er)用白(bai)也(ye),故殷(yin)是水(shui)德(de)(de)而(er)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)白(bai)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃此(ci)说(shuo),与《檀弓(gong)》、《纬(wei)候》文(wen)乖,不可用也(ye)。