●卷十九(jiu)·子张第十九(jiu)
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰:此篇记士行(xing)、交(jiao)情、仁人、勉学,或(huo)接(jie)闻夫子之语,或(huo)辨扬圣师之德,以其皆弟子所言,故善次诸篇之後。
子(zi)张曰(yue):“士(shi)见危致命(ming),(孔曰(yue):“致命(ming),不爱其身(shen)。”)见得思(si)义,祭思(si)敬(jing),丧思(si)哀,其可已矣。”
[疏]“子张曰:士见危致命,见得思义,祭思敬,丧思哀,其可已矣”。
○正义曰:此章言(yan)士行(xing)也(ye)。士者(zhe),有德之(zhi)称,自(zi)卿(qing)大夫已(yi)下皆是。致命,谓不(bu)爱(ai)其(qi)身。子张言(yan),为士者(zhe),见(jian)君(jun)有危难,不(bu)爱(ai)其(qi)身,致命以救之(zhi);见(jian)得利禄,思(si)义然後(hou)取;有祭事,思(si)尽(jin)其(qi)敬(jing);有丧事,当尽(jin)其(qi)哀,有此行(xing)者(zhe),其(qi)可以为士已(yi)矣。
子张(zhang)曰:“执德(de)不弘,信道(dao)不笃,焉(yan)能(neng)为有?焉(yan)能(neng)为亡?”(孔曰:“言(yan)无所轻重(zhong)。”)
[疏]“子张曰:执德不弘,信道不笃,焉能为有?焉能为亡?”
○正义曰:此章言人行之不备者。弘(hong),大也。笃(du),厚(hou)(hou)也。亡,无也。言人执(zhi)守其德,不能(neng)弘(hong)大,虽(sui)(sui)信善道(dao),不能(neng)笃(du)厚(hou)(hou),人之若此,虽(sui)(sui)存於世(shi),何(he)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)有而(er)重?虽(sui)(sui)没於世(shi),何(he)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)无而(er)轻?言於世(shi)无所轻重也。
子夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)门人问交於(wu)子张(zhang)。(孔(kong)曰(yue):“问与(yu)人交接之(zhi)(zhi)道。”)子张(zhang)曰(yue):“子夏(xia)云何(he)?”对曰(yue):“子夏(xia)曰(yue):‘可(ke)者与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi),其不可(ke)者拒(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)。’”子张(zhang)曰(yue):“异乎吾所闻。君子尊(zun)贤(xian)(xian)而(er)容众,嘉善而(er)矜不能。我之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)贤(xian)(xian)与(yu),於(wu)人何(he)所不容?我之(zhi)(zhi)不贤(xian)(xian)与(yu),人将拒(ju)我,如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)其拒(ju)人也?”(包曰(yue):“友交当(dang)如(ru)子夏(xia),交当(dang)如(ru)子张(zhang)。”)
[疏]“子夏”至“人也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):此章论(lun)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren)问(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe),门人(ren)(ren)(ren),谓(wei)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。“问(wen)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”,问(wen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)云何”者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)反问(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren),汝师尝说结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)云何乎(hu)(hu)?“对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)曰(yue)(yue):可者(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可者(zhe)拒(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)对(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)述(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)也(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan):结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),若彼(bi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)贤(xian),可与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe),即(ji)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao);若彼(bi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤(xian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe),则(ze)拒(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue):异(yi)乎(hu)(hu)吾所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)”者(zhe),言(yan)已(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)结(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)说异(yi)也(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)尊贤(xian)而容众(zhong),嘉善而矜不(bu)(bu)(bu)能”者(zhe),此所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)者(zhe)也(ye)。言(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),见(jian)彼(bi)贤(xian)则(ze)尊重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽众(zhong)多(duo)亦容纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)善行者(zhe)则(ze)嘉美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)能者(zhe)则(ze)哀矜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)贤(xian)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),於人(ren)(ren)(ren)何所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)容?我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤(xian)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),人(ren)(ren)(ren)将拒(ju)(ju)我(wo),如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何其(qi)拒(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)”者(zhe),既陈其(qi)所(suo)(suo)闻(wen)(wen),又论(lun)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可拒(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。诚如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)说,可者(zhe)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可者(zhe)拒(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。设若我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)贤(xian),则(ze)所(suo)(suo)在见(jian)容也(ye)。我(wo)若不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤(xian),则(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)将拒(ju)(ju)我(wo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)己交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),又何暇拒(ju)(ju)他人(ren)(ren)(ren)乎(hu)(hu)?然二(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)言(yan),各是其(qi)见(jian)论(lun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可相(xiang)非。友交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)当如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia),交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)当如(ru)子(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)(zhang)。
子夏(xia)曰:“虽小道(dao),必(bi)有可观者(zhe)焉,(小道(dao),谓(wei)异端。)致(zhi)远恐泥,(包曰:“泥难不通(tong)。”)是(shi)以(yi)君子不为也。”
[疏]“子夏曰:虽小道,必有可观者焉;致远恐泥,是以君子不为也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此章勉人学为(wei)大道正(zheng)典也。小(xiao)道谓异端之说,百(bai)家语也。虽曰小(xiao)道,亦必有小(xiao)理可(ke)观(guan)览(lan)者焉,然致远经久(jiu),则恐泥难不通,是以君子不学也。
子夏曰(yue):“日知其(qi)所亡,(孔(kong)曰(yue):“日知其(qi)所未(wei)闻。”)月无忘其(qi)所能(neng),可谓好学(xue)也已(yi)矣。”
[疏]“子夏曰:日知其所亡,月无忘其所能,可谓好学也已矣”。
○正义曰(yue):此章劝学也。亡,无也。旧无闻者(zhe)当(dang)学之,使(shi)日(ri)知(zhi)其所未闻。旧已能者(zhe)当(dang)温寻之,使(shi)月无忘也。能如此者(zhe),可以谓之好学。
子夏曰:“博学(xue)(xue)而笃志,(孔(kong)曰:“广(guang)学(xue)(xue)而厚(hou)识之。”)切问而近(jin)(jin)思(si),(切问者,切问於(wu)己所(suo)(suo)学(xue)(xue)未(wei)悟(wu)之事(shi)。近(jin)(jin)思(si)者,思(si)己所(suo)(suo)未(wei)能及之事(shi)。问所(suo)(suo)未(wei)学(xue)(xue),远思(si)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)达,则於(wu)所(suo)(suo)习者不精,所(suo)(suo)思(si)者不解。)仁在其中矣。”
[疏]“子夏曰:博学而笃志,切问而近思,仁在其中矣”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此章论(lun)好学近於仁(ren)也。博,广也。笃(du),厚(hou)也。志,识(shi)也。言(yan)广学而厚(hou)识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)不(bu)忘。切问者(zhe)(zhe),亲(qin)切问於己(ji)所学未悟之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),不(bu)滥问之(zhi)(zhi)也。近思者(zhe)(zhe),思己(ji)所未能及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),不(bu)远思也。若(ruo)问所未学,远思所未达,则(ze)於所习者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)精,所思者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)解(jie)。仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)性纯笃(du),今学者(zhe)(zhe)既(ji)能笃(du)志近思,故曰仁(ren)在其中矣。
子夏曰:“百(bai)工居肆(si)以(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)事,君(jun)子学以(yi)致其(qi)道。”(包(bao)曰:“言百(bai)工处其(qi)肆(si)则事成(cheng),犹(you)君(jun)子学以(yi)致其(qi)道。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:百工居肆以成其事,君子学以致其道”。
○正义(yi)曰:此章(zhang)亦(yi)勉(mian)人学,举(ju)百工(gong)(gong)以(yi)为喻也。审(shen)曲面势以(yi)饬五材,以(yi)辨民器,谓之百工(gong)(gong)。五材各有工(gong)(gong),言百,众(zhong)言之也。肆,谓官府造作之处(chu)也。致(zhi),至也。言百工(gong)(gong)处(chu)其(qi)肆,则能(neng)成其(qi)事(shi),犹君(jun)子勤於(wu)学,则能(neng)至於(wu)道也。
子(zi)夏曰:“小人之过(guo)也必(bi)文(wen)。”(孔曰:“文(wen)饰其(qi)过(guo),不言(yan)情(qing)实。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:小人之过也必文”。
○正义曰:此章言小人不能改(gai)过(guo)(guo)也。言小人之(zhi)有过(guo)(guo)也,必(bi)文饰其过(guo)(guo),强为辞理,不言情实也。
子夏曰(yue)(yue):“君子有三变:望之俨然,即之也(ye)温,听其言也(ye)厉。”(郑曰(yue)(yue):“厉,严正(zheng)。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:君子有三变:望之俨然,即之也温,听其言也厉。”
○正义曰:此章论(lun)君子(zi)之(zhi)德也。望之(zhi)、即(ji)之(zhi)及听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言也,有此三者,变易常(chang)(chang)人(ren)之(zhi)事也。厉(li),严(yan)正也。常(chang)(chang)人(ren),远望之(zhi)则多懈惰,即(ji)近之(zhi)则颜(yan)色(se)猛厉(li),听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言则多佞邪。唯(wei)君子(zi)则不然,人(ren)远望之(zhi)则正其(qi)(qi)衣冠,尊其(qi)(qi)瞻视,常(chang)(chang)俨然也;就近之(zhi)则颜(yan)色(se)温和,及听(ting)其(qi)(qi)言辞,则严(yan)正而无佞邪也。
子夏曰:“君(jun)子信(xin)(xin)而後劳其民,未信(xin)(xin)则以(yi)为厉己(ji)也(ye)。(王(wang)曰:“厉,犹病也(ye)。”)信(xin)(xin)而後谏,未信(xin)(xin)则以(yi)为谤己(ji)也(ye)。”
[疏]“子夏曰:君子信而後劳其民,未信则以为厉己也。信而後谏,未信则以为谤己也。”
○正义(yi)曰:此(ci)章论(lun)君(jun)子使(shi)下事上(shang)之(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。厉,犹病(bing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言君(jun)子若在(zai)上(shang)位(wei),当(dang)先(xian)示信於民(min),然後劳(lao)役(yi)其(qi)民(min),则(ze)民(min)忘(wang)其(qi)苦也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若未(wei)尝施信而便(bian)劳(lao)役(yi)之(zhi),则(ze)民(min)以(yi)为从(cong)欲崇侈、妄(wang)加(jia)困病(bing)於己(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若为人臣,当(dang)先(xian)尽(jin)忠於君(jun),待君(jun)信己(ji),而後可谏(jian)君(jun)之(zhi)失。若君(jun)未(wei)信己(ji),而便(bian)称君(jun)过失以(yi)谏(jian)诤之(zhi),则(ze)君(jun)以(yi)为谤ゥ於己(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
子夏曰:“大德不(bu)逾闲,(孔曰:“闲,犹法也(ye)。”)小德出入可也(ye)。”(孔曰:“小德不(bu)能不(bu)逾法,故曰出入可。”)
[疏]“子夏曰:大德不逾闲,小德出入可也”。
○正义曰(yue):此章论人之(zhi)德(de)有(you)小大,而行亦不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。闲(xian),犹法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。大德(de)之(zhi)人,谓上(shang)贤也(ye)(ye),所(suo)行皆不(bu)越法(fa)(fa)(fa)则也(ye)(ye)。小有(you)德(de)者(zhe),谓次贤之(zhi)人,不(bu)能(neng)不(bu)逾法(fa)(fa)(fa)。有(you)时逾法(fa)(fa)(fa)而出,旋能(neng)入(ru)守(shou)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),不(bu)责其(qi)(qi)备,故曰(yue)可也(ye)(ye)。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)游曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏之(zhi)(zhi)门人小(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi),当(dang)洒扫应对进(jin)退,则可(ke)矣(yi),抑(yi)末(mo)也(ye)。本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)则无,如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)何?”(包曰(yue)(yue):“言(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏弟子(zi)(zi)(zi),但(dan)当(dang)对宾客威(wei)仪礼节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)事则可(ke)。然(ran)此但(dan)是人之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)事耳(er),不(bu)可(ke)无其(qi)本(ben),故云本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)则无,如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)何?”)子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏闻之(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue):“噫(yi)!(孔曰(yue)(yue):“噫(yi),心不(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)声。”)言(yan)(yan)(yan)游过矣(yi)!君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),孰先传(chuan)焉?孰後倦焉?(包曰(yue)(yue):“言(yan)(yan)(yan)先传(chuan)业者必先厌(yan)倦,故我门人先教(jiao)以(yi)小(xiao)事,後将教(jiao)以(yi)大道(dao)。”)譬(pi)诸(zhu)草木,区以(yi)别矣(yi)。(马(ma)曰(yue)(yue):“言(yan)(yan)(yan)大道(dao)与(yu)小(xiao)道(dao)殊异。譬(pi)如(ru)草木,异类区别,言(yan)(yan)(yan)学当(dang)以(yi)次(ci)。”)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),焉可(ke)诬也(ye)?(马(ma)曰(yue)(yue):“君(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),焉可(ke)使诬言(yan)(yan)(yan)我门人但(dan)能(neng)洒扫而已。”)有(you)始有(you)卒者,其(qi)唯圣人乎!”(孔曰(yue)(yue):“终始如(ru)一(yi),唯圣人耳(er)。”)
[疏]“子游”至“人乎”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)章论人(ren)(ren)学业(ye)有(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)後之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)游(you)曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门人(ren)(ren)小子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),当洒(sa)扫应对(dui)进退,则可(ke)(ke)矣(yi),抑未也(ye)(ye)(ye)。本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则无,如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)游(you),言(yan)(yan)偃(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。门人(ren)(ren)小子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),谓弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。应,当也(ye)(ye)(ye)。抑,语辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)。本(ben),谓先(xian)(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。言(yan)(yan)偃(yan)有(you)(you)时评(ping)论子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),但当对(dui)宾客(ke)威(wei)仪礼节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事则可(ke)(ke)。然(ran)此(ci)但是(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末事耳,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)无其本(ben)。今子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於其本(ben)先(xian)(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)则无有(you)(you),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)奈何(he),故(gu)云如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue):噫(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),噫(yi),心(xin)不(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)既(ji)闻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),中(zhong)心(xin)不(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)噫(yi)!“言(yan)(yan)游(you)过矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓言(yan)(yan)偃(yan)所说为过失也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),孰先(xian)(xian)传(chuan)焉(yan)?孰後倦(juan)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)教人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),先(xian)(xian)传(chuan)业(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必先(xian)(xian)厌倦(juan),谁有(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)传(chuan)而(er)後倦(juan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乎?子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan),我(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),恐门人(ren)(ren)闻大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)而(er)厌倦(juan),故(gu)先(xian)(xian)教以(yi)(yi)(yi)小事,後将教以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“譬诸草(cao)(cao)木(mu),区以(yi)(yi)(yi)别矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸,之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)与小道(dao)(dao)殊(shu)异,譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草(cao)(cao)木(mu),异类区别,言(yan)(yan)学当以(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),焉(yan)可(ke)(ke)诬(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),当知学业(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci),安可(ke)(ke)便诬(wu)罔言(yan)(yan)我(wo)(wo)门人(ren)(ren)但能洒(sa)扫而(er)已(yi)。“有(you)(you)始有(you)(you)卒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其唯(wei)圣人(ren)(ren)乎”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卒,犹终(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学道(dao)(dao),靡不(bu)有(you)(you)初,鲜克有(you)(you)终(zhong),能终(zhong)始如一,不(bu)厌倦(juan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其唯(wei)圣人(ren)(ren)耳。
子夏曰(yue):“仕而优(you)则学,(马(ma)曰(yue):“行有馀力,则以学文。”)学而优(you)则仕。”
[疏]“子夏曰:仕而优则学,学而优则仕”。
○正义(yi)曰:此(ci)章劝(quan)学(xue)也(ye)。言人之(zhi)(zhi)仕(shi)官行己职而优间有馀(yu)力,则(ze)以(yi)学(xue)先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)遗文(wen)也(ye)。若(ruo)学(xue)而德业优长者则(ze)当(dang)仕(shi)进,以(yi)行君臣之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)。
子游(you)曰:“丧致乎(hu)哀而止。”(孔(kong)曰:“毁不灭性。”)
[疏]“子游曰:丧致乎哀而止”。
○正义曰:此章言居丧之礼也。言人有父母之丧,当致极哀,不得过毁以至灭性,灭性则非孝。
○注“毁不灭性”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):此《孝(xiao)经》文也。注云:“不食三(san)日(ri),哀毁过情,灭(mie)性而死,皆亏孝(xiao)道,故(gu)圣人制礼施教,不令至於陨灭(mie)。”
子游曰(yue):“吾友张(zhang)也(ye)为难(nan)能也(ye),(包曰(yue):“言子张(zhang)容仪之难(nan)及。”)然而未仁。”
[疏]“子游曰:吾友张也为难能也,然而未仁”。
○正义(yi)曰:此(ci)章论子(zi)张材(cai)德也。子(zi)游言吾同(tong)志之友子(zi)张,其容仪为难能及(ji)也,然而(er)其德未仁(ren)。
曾子曰(yue):“堂堂乎张(zhang)也,难与并为仁(ren)(ren)矣(yi)。”(郑曰(yue):“言子张(zhang)容仪盛,而於仁(ren)(ren)道薄也。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:“堂堂乎张也,难与并为仁矣。”
○正义曰:此(ci)章亦论子(zi)(zi)张材德也。堂(tang)堂(tang),容仪盛貌(mao)。曾子(zi)(zi)言子(zi)(zi)张容仪堂(tang)堂(tang)然盛,於仁(ren)道则(ze)薄(bo),故难与并为仁(ren)矣(yi)。
曾子曰(yue)(yue):“吾闻诸夫子:人(ren)未(wei)有自(zi)致者也,必也亲(qin)丧(sang)乎(hu)!”(马曰(yue)(yue):“言人(ren)虽(sui)未(wei)能自(zi)致尽於(wu)他事,至於(wu)亲(qin)丧(sang),必自(zi)致尽。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:吾闻诸夫子:人未有自致者也,必也亲丧乎!”
○正义曰:此章(zhang)论人致诚之事也(ye)。诸,之也(ye)。曾子(zi)(zi)言:“我闻之夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)言,人虽(sui)未能自致尽其诚於他事,至於亲丧(sang),必(bi)自致尽也(ye)。”
曾子(zi)曰:“吾闻诸夫子(zi):孟庄子(zi)之(zhi)孝也,其(qi)他可能也;其(qi)不(bu)改父之(zhi)臣与父之(zhi)政(zheng),是难能也。”(马曰:“孟庄子(zi),鲁大夫仲孙连也。谓在谅阴之(zhi)中,父臣及(ji)父政(zheng)虽有不(bu)善(shan)者,不(bu)忍改也。”)
[疏]“曾子曰:吾闻诸夫子:孟庄子之孝也,其他可能也;其不改父之臣与父之政,是难能也”。
○正义(yi)曰:此章论鲁大夫仲孙连之(zhi)(zhi)孝行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。言其(qi)他(ta)哭泣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)哀,齐斩之(zhi)(zhi)情,饣粥之(zhi)(zhi)食,他(ta)人可能及之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)在谅阴之(zhi)(zhi)中,父(fu)臣及父(fu)政(zheng)虽有不善(shan)者,不忍改之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye),是他(ta)人难(nan)能也(ye)(ye)。
孟(meng)氏使阳(yang)肤为(wei)士(shi)师,(包(bao)曰:“阳(yang)肤,曾子(zi)(zi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)。士(shi)师,典(dian)狱之(zhi)官。”)问於曾子(zi)(zi)。曾子(zi)(zi)曰:“上(shang)失其道(dao),民(min)(min)散(san)久矣。如得(de)其情,则(ze)哀矜(jin)(jin)而勿喜!”(马曰:“民(min)(min)之(zhi)离散(san)为(wei)轻漂犯法,乃上(shang)之(zhi)所为(wei),非(fei)民(min)(min)之(zhi)过,当哀矜(jin)(jin)之(zhi),勿自(zi)喜能得(de)其情。”)
[疏]“孟氏”至“勿喜”。
○正义曰(yue):此章论典狱之(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)。“孟氏使阳(yang)肤(fu)为士(shi)师”者,阳(yang)肤(fu),曾(ceng)子弟子。士(shi)师,典狱之(zhi)官。“问(wen)於曾(ceng)子”者,问(wen)其师求典狱之(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)。曾(ceng)子曰(yue):“上失(shi)(shi)其道(dao),民散(san)久矣。如得其情,则哀(ai)矜而勿喜(xi)”者,言(yan)上失(shi)(shi)为君之(zhi)道(dao),民人离(li)散(san),为轻易(yi)漂掠,犯於刑法(fa)亦已(yi)久矣,乃(nai)上之(zhi)失(shi)(shi)政所(suo)为,非民之(zhi)过。女(nv)若求得其情,当(dang)哀(ai)矜之(zhi)勿自喜(xi)也(ye)(ye)。
子(zi)贡曰(yue):“纣(zhou)之(zhi)不善(shan),不如是之(zhi)甚也。是以(yi)君子(zi)恶(e)居下流,天下之(zhi)恶(e)皆归焉(yan)。”(孔曰(yue):“纣(zhou)为不善(shan),以(yi)丧天下,後(hou)世憎甚之(zhi),皆以(yi)天下之(zhi)恶(e)归之(zhi)於纣(zhou)。”)
[疏]“子贡曰:纣之不善,不如是之甚也。是以君子恶居下流,天下之恶皆归焉”。
○正义曰:此章(zhang)戒人为(wei)恶(e)(e)也(ye)(ye)。纣名辛,字受(shou)德(de),商(shang)末世之(zhi)王也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)恶(e)(e)不(bu)道,周武王所杀(sha)。《谥法》:“残义损善曰纣。”言(yan)商(shang)纣虽为(wei)不(bu)善,以丧天下(xia),亦不(bu)如(ru)此之(zhi)甚(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye),乃後人憎甚(shen)(shen)之(zhi)耳。下(xia)流(liu)者,谓为(wei)恶(e)(e)行而处人下(xia),若地(di)形卑(bei)下(xia),则众流(liu)所归。人之(zhi)为(wei)恶(e)(e)处下(xia),众恶(e)(e)所归,是以君子常为(wei)善,不(bu)为(wei)恶(e)(e),恶(e)(e)居(ju)下(xia)流(liu)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。纣为(wei)恶(e)(e)行,居(ju)下(xia)流(liu),则人皆以天下(xia)之(zhi)恶(e)(e)归之(zhi)於纣也(ye)(ye)。
子(zi)贡曰:“君子(zi)之(zhi)过也(ye)(ye)(ye),如(ru)日月之(zhi)食焉:过也(ye)(ye)(ye),人皆见之(zhi);更也(ye)(ye)(ye),人皆仰之(zhi)。”(孔曰:“更,改(gai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”)
[疏(shu)]“子贡曰:君(jun)子之(zhi)过(guo)也(ye),如(ru)日月(yue)之(zhi)食焉;过(guo)也(ye),人皆(jie)见之(zhi);更也(ye),人皆(jie)仰之(zhi)。”正义(yi)曰:此章论(lun)君(jun)子之(zhi)过(guo),似日月(yue)之(zhi)食也(ye)。更,改也(ye)。言君(jun)子苟有过(guo)也(ye),则为众所知,如(ru)日月(yue)正当食时(shi),则万物皆(jie)观也(ye)。及其改过(guo)之(zhi)时(shi),则人皆(jie)复仰其德,如(ru)日月(yue)明(ming)生(sheng)之(zhi)後,则万物亦皆(jie)仰其明(ming)。
卫(wei)公(gong)孙(sun)朝(马曰:“公(gong)孙(sun)朝,卫(wei)大夫(fu)。”)问於(wu)子贡(gong)曰:“仲尼焉学?”子贡(gong)曰:“文(wen)、武之(zhi)道,未(wei)(wei)坠(zhui)於(wu)地,在人(ren)。贤者(zhe)(zhe)识其(qi)大者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤者(zhe)(zhe)识其(qi)小者(zhe)(zhe),莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)有文(wen)、武之(zhi)道焉。夫(fu)子焉不(bu)(bu)(bu)学?(孔曰:“文(wen)武之(zhi)道,未(wei)(wei)坠(zhui)落於(wu)地,贤与不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤各有所(suo)识。夫(fu)子无(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从学。”)而亦何常(chang)师之(zhi)有?”(孔曰:“无(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从学,故无(wu)(wu)常(chang)师。”)
[疏]“卫公”至“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)”。正义曰:此章(zhang)论(lun)仲尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)。“卫公孙朝(chao)”者(zhe),卫大夫(fu)也(ye)。“问於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:仲尼(ni)焉学(xue)(xue)”者(zhe),问子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong):仲尼(ni)何所从(cong)学(xue)(xue),而得成(cheng)此圣(sheng)也(ye)?意谓(wei)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生知,无(wu)师(shi)所从(cong)学(xue)(xue)也(ye)。“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰:文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,未坠(zhui)於地(di),在人(ren)。贤者(zhe)识(shi)其大者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤者(zhe)识(shi)其小(xiao)者(zhe),莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道焉。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)焉不(bu)(bu)(bu)学(xue)(xue)”者(zhe),焉,犹安也(ye)。言(yan)文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,未坠(zhui)落於地(di),行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在人(ren)。贤与不(bu)(bu)(bu)贤,各有(you)(you)所识(shi)。夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆从(cong)而学(xue)(xue),安得不(bu)(bu)(bu)学(xue)(xue)乎?“而亦何常师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)”者(zhe),言(yan)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)学(xue)(xue),故无(wu)常师(shi)。
叔(shu)(shu)孙武(wu)叔(shu)(shu)语大(da)(da)夫於朝(马曰:“鲁大(da)(da)夫叔(shu)(shu)孙州仇。武(wu),谥。”)曰:“子贡贤(xian)於仲尼。”子服景伯以告子贡。子贡曰:“譬(pi)之宫(gong)墙(qiang),赐之墙(qiang)也(ye)及肩(jian),见室家之好(hao)。夫子之墙(qiang)数仞(ren),不得(de)(de)其门而入(ru),不见宗庙之美,百(bai)官之富。得(de)(de)其门者或寡矣。(包曰:“七尺曰仞(ren)。”)夫子之云,不亦宜乎!”(包曰:“夫子,谓(wei)武(wu)叔(shu)(shu)。”)
[疏]“叔孙”至“宜乎”。
○正义曰:此章亦明仲尼之听也。“叔孙武叔语大夫於朝曰:子贡贤於仲尼”者,叔孙武叔,鲁大夫。有时告语诸大夫於朝中曰:“子贡贤才过於仲尼。”“子服景伯以告子贡”者,景伯亦鲁大夫,子服何也。以武叔之言告之子贡也。“子贡曰:譬之宫墙,赐之墙也及肩,见室家之好。夫子之墙数仞,不得其门而入,不见宗庙之美,百官之富”者,子贡闻武叔之言已贤於仲尼,此由君子之道不可小知,故致武叔有此言。乃为之举喻曰:譬如人居之宫,四围各有墙,墙卑则可见其在内之美,犹小人之道可以小知也;墙高则不可见在内之美,犹君子之道不可小知也。今赐之墙也才及人肩,则人见墙内室家之美好。夫子之墙,高乃数仞。七尺曰仞。若人不得其门而入,则不见宗庙之美备,百官之富盛也。“得其门者或寡矣”者,言夫圣阈非凡可及,故得其门而入者或少矣。“夫子之云,不亦宜乎”者,夫子,谓武叔。以此论之,即武叔云子贡贤於仲尼,亦其宜也,不足怪焉。
○注“马曰:鲁大夫叔孙州仇。武,谥”。
○正(zheng)义曰:案《世(shi)(shi)本(ben)》,州仇(chou),父子叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)此六(liu)世(shi)(shi)孙叔(shu)(shu)孙不(bu)敢子也(ye)。《春秋(qiu)》定十年“秋(qiu),叔(shu)(shu)孙州仇(chou)、仲(zhong)孙何忌(ji)帅师围(wei)后阝”。《左传》曰:“武(wu)叔(shu)(shu)懿子围(wei)后阝。”是知叔(shu)(shu)孙武(wu)叔(shu)(shu)即州仇(chou)也(ye)。《谥法》云:“刚强直理曰武(wu)。”
叔孙武叔毁仲尼。子(zi)贡曰:“无以为也(ye)!仲尼不(bu)可毁也(ye)。他人之贤者,丘陵也(ye),犹可逾(yu)也(ye);仲尼,日月也(ye),无得而(er)逾(yu)焉(yan)。人虽欲自绝,其何伤於日月乎?多见其不(bu)知量也(ye)。”(言人虽自绝弃於日月,其何能伤之乎?足自见其不(bu)知量也(ye)。)
[疏]“叔孙”至“量也”。
○正义曰:此章亦明仲尼也。“叔孙武叔毁仲尼”者,訾毁孔子之德也。“子贡曰:无以为也!仲尼不可毁也”者,言无用为此毁訾,夫仲尼之德不可毁也。“他人之贤者,丘陵也,犹可逾也;仲尼,日月也,无得而逾焉”者,子贡又为设譬也。言他人之贤,譬如丘陵,虽曰广显,犹可逾越;至於仲尼之贤,则如日月之至高,人不可得而逾也。“人虽欲自绝,其何伤於日月乎”者,言人虽欲毁訾夫日月,特自绝弃,於日月其何能伤之乎?故人虽欲毁仲尼,亦不能伤仲尼也,多见其不知量也。多,犹也。言非不能毁仲尼,又足自见其不知量也。
○注“言人”至“量也”。
○正义曰:云(yun)“足自见(jian)其不知量也(ye)(ye)”者,据此注(zhu)意(yi),似训(xun)“多(duo)(duo)”为“”。所以“多(duo)(duo)”得为“”者,古人多(duo)(duo)、同音。“多(duo)(duo)见(jian)其不知量”,犹襄二十九年《左传》云(yun):“多(duo)(duo)见(jian)疏(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)”,服虔本(ben)作(zuo)“祗见(jian)疏(shu)(shu)”,解(jie)云(yun):“,也(ye)(ye)。”晋宋杜本(ben)皆(jie)作(zuo)“多(duo)(duo)”。张衡(heng)《西京赋》云(yun):“炙炮夥,清酤(gu)多(duo)(duo),皇恩溥,洪(hong)德施。”施与多(duo)(duo)为韵(yun)。此类众(zhong)矣,故以“多(duo)(duo)”为“”也(ye)(ye)。
陈子(zi)禽谓子(zi)贡曰(yue):“子(zi)为(wei)(wei)恭也(ye)(ye),仲(zhong)尼岂贤(xian)於子(zi)乎(hu)?”子(zi)贡曰(yue):“君子(zi)一(yi)言以(yi)为(wei)(wei)知,一(yi)言以(yi)为(wei)(wei)不知,言不可(ke)不慎(shen)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不可(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye),犹天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不可(ke)阶而升也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)邦家者,(孔(kong)曰(yue):“谓为(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou)若(ruo)卿大夫(fu)。”)所(suo)谓立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)(si)立(li),道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)(si)行,绥(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)(si)来,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)(si)和(he)。其(qi)生也(ye)(ye)荣,其(qi)死(si)也(ye)(ye)哀,如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何其(qi)可(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)?”(孔(kong)曰(yue):“绥(sui),安也(ye)(ye)。言孔(kong)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)政,其(qi)立(li)教则无不立(li),道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则莫不兴行,安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则远者来至,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则莫不和(he)睦,故能生则荣显,死(si)则哀痛。”)
[疏]“陈子”至“及也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):此章亦明(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)(ye)。“陈(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)谓(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恭(gong)也(ye)(ye),仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)岂(qi)贤(xian)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎(hu)”者,此子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)必作陈(chen)亢,当(dang)是(shi)同其(qi)(qi)姓(xing)字耳。见其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)(gong)每(mei)事称誉其(qi)(qi)师,故(gu)谓(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)(gong)云:当(dang)是(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恭(gong)孙故(gu)也(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)实仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)才(cai)德(de)岂(qi)贤(xian)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎(hu)?“子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):君子(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)知(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)言(yan)(yan)以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)(yan)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)慎(shen)也(ye)(ye)”者,子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)(gong)闻子(zi)(zi)(zi)禽(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),以此言(yan)(yan)拒而非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)出一(yi)言(yan)(yan)是(shi),则(ze)入以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)知(zhi)(zhi);出一(yi)言(yan)(yan)非,则(ze)人以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)与不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),既(ji)由一(yi)言(yan)(yan),则(ze)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)慎(shen)也(ye)(ye)。今乃云仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)岂(qi)贤(xian)於子(zi)(zi)(zi)乎(hu)?则(ze)是(shi)女不(bu)慎(shen)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye),如(ru)(ru)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)阶(jie)而升也(ye)(ye)”者,又为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)设譬,言(yan)(yan)夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)。他人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian),犹他物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高者,可(ke)(ke)(ke)设阶(jie)梯而升上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至於仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),犹天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以阶(jie)梯而升上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)邦家者,所谓(wei)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)立(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)行,绥(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)来,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)和。其(qi)(qi)生也(ye)(ye)荣,其(qi)(qi)死也(ye)(ye)哀(ai),如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者,又为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)广言(yan)(yan)仲(zhong)(zhong)尼(ni)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)(ye)。得(de)邦,谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯。得(de)家,谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿大夫(fu)。绥(sui),安也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng),其(qi)(qi)立(li)教则(ze)无(wu)不(bu)立(li),道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)莫不(bu)兴行,安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)远者来至,动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)民莫不(bu)和睦,故(gu)能生则(ze)荣显,死则(ze)哀(ai)痛,故(gu)如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)!