爱上海

卷一 一之一

　　◎周南(nan)关雎(ju)诂(gu)训传第(di)一(yi)

陆德明《音义》曰：《周南》，周者，代名，其地在《禹贡》雍州之域，岐山之阳，於汉属扶风美阳县；南者，言周之德化自岐阳而先被南方，故《序》云“化自北而南也”。《汉广序》又云“文王之道，被於南国”是也。
　　○《关雎》，七胥反(fan)，依字“且(qie)”边“隹(zhui)”，且(qie)音(yin)子馀(yu)反(fan)，旁(pang)或作(zuo)“鸟(niao)”。“故(gu)训”，旧本(ben)(ben)多作(zuo)“故(gu)”，今或作(zuo)“诂(gu)”，音(yin)古，又音(yin)故(gu)。传，音(yin)直恋反(fan)。案：诂(gu)、故(gu)皆(jie)是古义(yi)，所以(yi)两行。然前儒多作(zuo)“诂(gu)解”，而章句有“故(gu)言”，郭景纯注《尔雅》则作(zuo)“释诂(gu)”，樊、孙等《尔雅》本(ben)(ben)皆(jie)为(wei)“释故(gu)”。今宜随本(ben)(ben)，不(bu)烦改字。

[疏(shu)]正义(yi)(yi)曰：《关(guan)雎》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《关(guan)雎》为(wei)首，遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《关(guan)雎》为(wei)一(yi)卷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)。《金縢(teng)》云：“公乃为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贻王，名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰《鸱鸮》。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)篇(pian)(pian)名(ming)皆作者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)自名(ming)，既言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)诗(shi)(shi)，乃云名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)先作诗(shi)(shi)，后为(wei)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。名(ming)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，义(yi)(yi)无定(ding)准，多(duo)不(bu)(bu)过(guo)五，少才取(qu)一(yi)。或(huo)(huo)偏举(ju)(ju)两字(zi)，或(huo)(huo)全(quan)取(qu)一(yi)句。偏举(ju)(ju)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)或(huo)(huo)上或(huo)(huo)下(xia)，全(quan)取(qu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)或(huo)(huo)尽(jin)或(huo)(huo)馀。亦(yi)有舍其篇(pian)(pian)首，撮(cuo)章中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)；或(huo)(huo)复都(dou)遗见(jian)文，假外理(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)称。《黄鸟》显绵蛮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌，《草虫》弃喓々之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声，“瓜瓞(die)”取(qu)绵绵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形，《瓠叶》舍番番之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状，“夭夭”与(yu)桃(tao)名(ming)而(er)俱举(ju)(ju)，“蚩蚩”从氓状而(er)见(jian)遗，《召旻》、《韩奕》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)采合上下(xia)，《驺虞(yu)》、《权舆(yu)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)并举(ju)(ju)篇(pian)(pian)末。其中蹖駮不(bu)(bu)可胜论。岂(qi)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无常，何(he)立(li)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异与(yu)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作非一(yi)人(ren)(ren)，故(gu)名(ming)无定(ding)目(mu)。“诂训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，注解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)名(ming)。毛(mao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尔(er)雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作多(duo)为(wei)释(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》，而(er)篇(pian)(pian)有《释(shi)(shi)诂》、《释(shi)(shi)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)》，故(gu)依《尔(er)雅》训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)为(wei)《诗(shi)(shi)》立(li)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)通(tong)其义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)雅》所(suo)释(shi)(shi)十有九篇(pian)(pian)，独云诂、训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)古(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，古(gu)(gu)今(jin)异言(yan)(yan)(yan)，通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使人(ren)(ren)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)；训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)，道物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《释(shi)(shi)诂》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)，故(gu)《尔(er)雅序(xu)篇(pian)(pian)》云：《释(shi)(shi)诂》、《释(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》，通(tong)古(gu)(gu)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，古(gu)(gu)与(yu)今(jin)异言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)(shi)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)形貌也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)“诂训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，通(tong)古(gu)(gu)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异辞(ci)，辨(bian)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形貌，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)解释(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)尽(jin)归於此。《释(shi)(shi)亲》已下(xia)，皆指体而(er)释(shi)(shi)其别(bie)，亦(yi)是(shi)诂训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，故(gu)唯言(yan)(yan)(yan)诂训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)，足总众篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)。今(jin)定(ding)本作“故(gu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》云“古(gu)(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)是(shi)式”，《毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云“古(gu)(gu)，故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)“故(gu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)昔(xi)典(dian)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)。依故(gu)昔(xi)典(dian)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)而(er)为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，义(yi)(yi)或(huo)(huo)当然(ran)。《毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》不(bu)(bu)训(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分置篇(pian)(pian)首，义(yi)(yi)理(li)易明，性好简略，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)下(xia)无传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，不(bu)(bu)须(xu)辨(bian)嫌，故(gu)注序(xu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)笺。《说文》云：“第(di)，次也(ye)(ye)(ye)。字(zi)从竹、弟。”称“第(di)一(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)其次第(di)当一(yi)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分别(bie)先后也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

毛(mao)(mao)诗(shi)国风《毛(mao)(mao)诗(shi)》，“诗(shi)”是此书(shu)之(zhi)名(ming)，“毛(mao)(mao)”者(zhe)，传《诗(shi)》人姓，既有齐(qi)、鲁、韩三(san)家，故(gu)题姓以别之(zhi)，或(huo)云(yun)小(xiao)毛(mao)(mao)公。加(jia)“毛(mao)(mao)诗(shi)”二字，又云(yun)河(he)閒献王所加(jia)，故(gu)大题在(zai)(zai)下(xia)。案：马融(rong)、卢植、郑(zheng)玄注(zhu)三(san)《礼》，并大题在(zai)(zai)下(xia)，班固《汉书(shu)》、陈(chen)寿《三(san)国志》题亦然。《国风》，国者(zhe)总(zong)谓十五国，风者(zhe)诸侯之(zhi)诗(shi)。从(cong)《关雎(ju)》至《驺虞》二十五篇，谓之(zhi)“正风”。

[疏]正义曰：《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)·国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》，旧题也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)”字(zi)，汉(han)世加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《六艺论》云(yun)：“河閒(xian)(xian)献(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)好(hao)学，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)博(bo)士(shi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)善说诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，献(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》。”是献(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始加(jia)“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《汉(han)书·儒(ru)林传》云(yun)：“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，赵(zhao)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)河閒(xian)(xian)献(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)博(bo)士(shi)。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)。范煜《后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)汉(han)书》云(yun)：“赵(zhao)人(ren)(ren)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)长传《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，是为(wei)(wei)(wei)《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)赵(zhao)人(ren)(ren)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)名(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《谱(pu)》云(yun)：“鲁(lu)人(ren)(ren)大(da)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《诂训传》於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)家，河閒(xian)(xian)献(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)得(de)(de)而(er)(er)献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)博(bo)士(shi)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)大(da)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传，由(you)小(xiao)(xiao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)题毛(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，一(yi)部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)名(ming)。“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)，十(shi)五(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)称。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)冠(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上而(er)(er)退(tui)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)，按郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注三《礼》、《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易(yi)(yi)》、《中候》、《尚书》皆(jie)大(da)名(ming)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)，孔(kong)安国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、马(ma)季长、卢植、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)注者(zhe)(zhe)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽(jin)然(ran)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)本题自然(ran)，非(fei)注者(zhe)(zhe)移之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，定(ding)本亦然(ran)，当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皆(jie)在(zai)第下(xia)(xia)，足得(de)(de)总(zong)摄故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。班固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)《汉(han)书》，陈寿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撰《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)志(zhi)》，亦大(da)名(ming)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)，盖取(qu)法(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)典也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》者(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是风(feng)(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)别，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《雅(ya)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，政(zheng)教刑(xing)于(yu)四海，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须言国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》、《召(zhao)》，风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正经(jing)，固当为(wei)(wei)(wei)首。自卫(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)，十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)馀国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，编此(ci)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，旧无(wu)明(ming)说，去圣(sheng)久远(yuan)，难得(de)(de)而(er)(er)知。欲(yu)言先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)齐(qi)哀先(xian)(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)顷，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)武后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桧国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)齐(qi)先(xian)(xian)，桧处郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)序，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)小(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)，魏(wei)狭於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)晋，而(er)(er)齐(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，魏(wei)先(xian)(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)唐，是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《鸡(ji)鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)远(yuan)在(zai)《缁(zi)衣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)必处桧诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，何当后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)作(zuo)先(xian)(xian)采，先(xian)(xian)作(zuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采乎？是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)采得(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二三拟议，悉皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)所(suo)(suo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，别有(you)(you)(you)意焉。盖迹其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)封善否，参其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)恶，验其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)政(zheng)得(de)(de)失，详(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，斟(zhen)酌所(suo)(suo)宜，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。邶(bei)、鄘、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)，商(shang)纣(zhou)畿内千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，《柏(bo)舟》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，夷王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)康叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀烈，武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)德，资母(mu)弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚，成入相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋，文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)灭而(er)(er)复兴，徙而(er)(er)能(neng)富，土地(di)(di)既(ji)广，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)早作(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)“变风(feng)(feng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首。既(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首，邶(bei)、鄘则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)灭，风(feng)(feng)俗虽异，美(mei)刺(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)同，依其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《邶(bei)》、《鄘》先(xian)(xian)《卫(wei)(wei)(wei)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)平王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)东迁(qian)，政(zheng)遂微弱，化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)被，才(cai)及郊畿，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)顷，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)狭於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千里，徒以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天命未(wei)改，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)爵仍存，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可过(guo)于(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)诸(zhu)侯(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《卫(wei)(wei)(wei)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)史伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋，列为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，桓(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒，甚得(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)众，武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夹辅平王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，克(ke)成大(da)业，有(you)(you)(you)厉、宣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)，有(you)(you)(you)缁(zi)衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)虽狭，既(ji)亲(qin)且勋，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)异姓诸(zhu)侯(hou)，世有(you)(you)(you)衰德，哀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)荒淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)，襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)鸟兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，辞有(you)(you)(you)怨刺(ci)，篇无(wu)美(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)，又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)土仍大(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)虽小(xiao)(xiao)，俭(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)能(neng)勤，踵虞舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧风(feng)(feng)，有(you)(you)(you)夏禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗化，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)季札(zha)观乐(le)，美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)音，云(yun)“大(da)而(er)(er)婉，俭(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)易(yi)(yi)，行以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德辅，此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)明(ming)主(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《齐(qi)》。唐者(zhe)(zhe)，叔虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，虽为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)五(wu)世交争(zheng)，献(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)丧乱弘多，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《魏(wei)》下(xia)(xia)。秦(qin)(qin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)秦(qin)(qin)仲(zhong)始大(da)，襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)始命，穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遂霸西戎，卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)强国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)《唐》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陈以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三恪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊，食侯(hou)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，但以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民多淫昏(hun)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无(wu)令(ling)主(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)《秦(qin)(qin)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。桧则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君淫恣，曹则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)多宠，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)君奢，民劳而(er)(er)政(zheng)僻，季札(zha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥，《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)风(feng)(feng)》次(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)末，宜哉。《豳》者(zhe)(zhe)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，欲(yu)尊周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，使(shi)(shi)专一(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)众国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，《小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，欲(yu)兼其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，非(fei)诸(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)《谱(pu)》，《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)》在(zai)《豳》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)，退(tui)就(jiu)《雅(ya)》、《颂》，并(bing)言王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)耳。诸(zhu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，当是大(da)师所(suo)(suo)弟(di)。孔(kong)子删定(ding)，或亦改张(zhang)。襄二十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年《左传》，鲁(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)季札(zha)遍歌(ge)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)，《齐(qi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)即歌(ge)《豳》、歌(ge)《秦(qin)(qin)》，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)歌(ge)《魏(wei)》。杜(du)预(yu)云(yun)：“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，《豳》第十(shi)五(wu)，《秦(qin)(qin)》第十(shi)一(yi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)仲(zhong)尼删定(ding)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。”杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)今所(suo)(suo)弟(di)皆(jie)孔(kong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，孔(kong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)如(ru)《左传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意或亦然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乡饮酒》云(yun)：“无(wu)筭乐(le)。”注云(yun)：“燕乐(le)亦无(wu)数，或间或合，尽(jin)欢(huan)而(er)(er)止。《春秋(qiu)》襄二十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年，吴公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子札(zha)来聘，请(qing)观於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)，此(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)筭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遍歌(ge)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)数，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)筭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

郑(zheng)氏(shi)笺(jian)郑(zheng)氏(shi)笺(jian)，本(ben)亦作“笺(jian)”，同，荐年反(fan)。《字林》云：“笺(jian)，长也。识(shi)(shi)也。”案：郑(zheng)《六艺论》文，注(zhu)《诗(shi)》宗(zong)毛(mao)为主，其义若隐略，则(ze)更表明，如有不同，即下己意，使可识(shi)(shi)别也。然此(ci)题(ti)非毛(mao)公(gong)、马、郑(zheng)、王肃等题(ti)，相传云是雷次宗(zong)题(ti)，承用既久(jiu)，莫敢为异。又案：周续(xu)之与雷次宗(zong)同受(shou)慧远法(fa)师(shi)《诗(shi)》义，而续(xu)之释题(ti)已如此(ci)，又恐非雷之题(ti)也。疑未敢明之。

[疏]正义曰：郑(zheng)氏(shi)(shi)名(ming)玄，字(zi)康成(cheng)，北海高(gao)密人(ren)(ren)，当后汉桓、灵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时注(zhu)(zhu)此书(shu)也(ye)(ye)。不言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)氏(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，汉承灭学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，典籍出於(wu)人(ren)(ren)间，各专间命氏(shi)(shi)，以(yi)显(xian)其(qi)(qi)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学，故(gu)诸(zhu)为(wei)(wei)训(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)云(yun)氏(shi)(shi)，不言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)。由此而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)氏(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)传，亦应自载“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”字(zi)，但不必冠“诗(shi)(shi)”上耳。不然，献王(wang)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)知毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)？明(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)自言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)矣(yi)。郑(zheng)於(wu)诸(zhu)经(jing)皆(jie)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“注(zhu)(zhu)”，此言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“笺(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)，吕(lv)忱(chen)《字(zi)林》云(yun)：“笺(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)，表(biao)也(ye)(ye)，识也(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)以(yi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)学审备(bei)，遵(zun)畅厥(jue)旨，所以(yi)表(biao)明(ming)(ming)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)意，记识其(qi)(qi)事，故(gu)特称为(wei)(wei)“笺(jian)”。馀经(jing)无所遵(zun)奉，故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“注(zhu)(zhu)”。注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)，著也(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解说，使其(qi)(qi)义著明(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。汉初，为(wei)(wei)传训(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)与经(jing)别行，三《传》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文不与经(jing)连，故(gu)石经(jing)书(shu)《公羊传》皆(jie)无经(jing)文。《艺文志》云(yun)：《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)(shi)》经(jing)二十九卷(juan)，《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)(shi)故(gu)训(xun)传》三十卷(juan)。是(shi)(shi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)为(wei)(wei)诂训(xun)亦与经(jing)别也(ye)(ye)。及(ji)马融为(wei)(wei)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)，乃云(yun)：“欲省学者(zhe)(zhe)两读，故(gu)具载本文。”然则后汉以(yi)来(lai)，始就经(jing)为(wei)(wei)注(zhu)(zhu)，未审此《诗(shi)(shi)》引经(jing)附传是(shi)(shi)谁为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笺(jian)当元在经(jing)传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)《毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)诗(shi)(shi)》经(jing)二十九卷(juan)，不知并何(he)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)。自“周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)”至“郑(zheng)氏(shi)(shi)笺(jian)”凡一十六字(zi)，所题(ti)非一时也(ye)(ye)。“周(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)关雎”至“第一诗(shi)(shi)国风”，元是(shi)(shi)大师(shi)所题(ti)也(ye)(ye)。“诂训(xun)传”，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)自题(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)”一字(zi)，献王(wang)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“郑(zheng)氏(shi)(shi)笺(jian)”，郑(zheng)自题(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

《关(guan)雎》，后(hou)妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)，《关(guan)雎》，旧解云(yun)(yun)：“三百一(yi)十一(yi)篇诗，并是(shi)(shi)作者(zhe)自为名。”后(hou)妃(fei)，芳(fang)非反。《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)：“妃(fei)，姬(ji)也(ye)，对也(ye)。”《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)：“嘉(jia)耦曰妃(fei)。”《礼(li)记》云(yun)(yun)：“天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)曰后(hou)。”“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)也(ye)”，旧说云(yun)(yun)：“起此至(zhi)‘用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦国焉’，名《关(guan)雎序(xu)(xu)(xu)》，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《小序(xu)(xu)(xu)》。自‘风，风也(ye)’讫末，名为《大(da)序(xu)(xu)(xu)》。”沈(shen)重(zhong)云(yun)(yun)：“案郑《诗谱》意，《大(da)序(xu)(xu)(xu)》是(shi)(shi)子(zi)夏作，《小序(xu)(xu)(xu)》是(shi)(shi)子(zi)夏、毛公合作。卜商(shang)意有不尽，毛更足成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”或(huo)云(yun)(yun)《小序(xu)(xu)(xu)》是(shi)(shi)东海卫敬仲所(suo)作。今谓此序(xu)(xu)(xu)止是(shi)(shi)《关(guan)雎》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，总论《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲领，无(wu)大(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异。解见《诗义序(xu)(xu)(xu)》。并是(shi)(shi)郑注，所(suo)以无(wu)“笺云(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)，以无(wu)所(suo)疑乱故也(ye)。

[疏]“《关雎》，后妃之德也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：诸序(xu)(xu)皆(jie)一篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，但(dan)《诗(shi)(shi)》理(li)深广(guang)，此(ci)为(wei)(wei)篇(pian)端，故(gu)以(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大纲并(bing)举於(wu)此(ci)。今分为(wei)(wei)十五节，当(dang)节自解次第，於(wu)此(ci)不复烦文。作《关雎(ju)》诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，言(yan)后妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)。《曲礼》曰：“天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)曰后。”注云：“后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)后也(ye)。”执理(li)内事，在夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)。《释诂》云：“妃(fei)，媲也(ye)。”言(yan)媲匹於(wu)夫(fu)也(ye)。天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)唯(wei)称后耳。妃(fei)则(ze)上下(xia)通(tong)名，故(gu)以(yi)妃(fei)配(pei)后而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。德者(zhe)，得也(ye)，自得於(wu)身，人行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名。此(ci)篇(pian)言(yan)后妃(fei)性(xing)行(xing)和谐，贞专化(hua)下(xia)，寤(wu)寐求贤，供奉职事，是(shi)后妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)。二《南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，实(shi)文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)，而美(mei)后妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德者(zhe)，以(yi)夫(fu)妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)，人伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)，故(gu)夫(fu)妇正则(ze)父子(zi)亲，父子(zi)亲则(ze)君臣敬，是(shi)以(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》者(zhe)歌其性(xing)情。阴阳为(wei)(wei)重(zhong)，所以(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)体，多序(xu)(xu)男女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。不言(yan)美(mei)后妃(fei)者(zhe)，此(ci)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作，直是(shi)感(gan)其德泽，歌其性(xing)行(xing)，欲以(yi)发扬圣(sheng)化(hua)，示语未知(zhi)，非是(shi)褒赏后妃(fei)能为(wei)(wei)此(ci)行(xing)也(ye)。正经例不言(yan)美(mei)，皆(jie)此(ci)意也(ye)。其变诗(shi)(shi)，则(ze)政教已失，为(wei)(wei)恶者(zhe)多，苟能为(wei)(wei)善(shan)，则(ze)赏其善(shan)事。征(zheng)伐玁狁，始(shi)见(jian)忧国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心；瞻仰昊天(tian)，方知(zhi)求雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)切，意与正经有异，故(gu)序(xu)(xu)每篇(pian)言(yan)美(mei)也(ye)。

风之始也，所以风天下而正夫妇也，故用之乡人焉，用之邦国焉。
　　○风(feng)(feng)(feng)之始，此(ci)风(feng)(feng)(feng)谓十五国风(feng)(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)是诸侯政(zheng)教也。下云“所(suo)以风(feng)(feng)(feng)天下”，《论语》云“君(jun)子之德风(feng)(feng)(feng)”，并(bing)是此(ci)义。“所(suo)以风(feng)(feng)(feng)”，如字(zi)。徐(xu)福凤反，今(jin)不用。

[疏]“风之”至“国焉”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：序以后(hou)妃乐(le)得(de)淑(shu)女(nv)，不淫其(qi)(qi)(qi)色，家人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细事耳，而(er)编於《诗》首，用(yong)为歌(ge)乐(le)，故於后(hou)妃德(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)即申明此意，言(yan)(yan)后(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有美(mei)德(de)(de)(de)，文(wen)王风(feng)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始也。言(yan)(yan)文(wen)王行化(hua)，始於其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻，故用(yong)此为风(feng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始，所以风(feng)化(hua)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)，而(er)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆正(zheng)夫(fu)妇(fu)焉。周(zhou)公制礼作(zuo)乐(le)，用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡人焉，令(ling)乡大(da)夫(fu)以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教其(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)也；又(you)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦国(guo)焉，令(ling)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)诸(zhu)侯(hou)以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣也。欲(yu)使天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)至(zhi)於庶民(min)(min)(min)，悉知此诗皆正(zheng)夫(fu)妇(fu)也。故郑《谱》云“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)燕(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)群臣，皆歌(ge)《鹿鸣(ming)》，合乡乐(le)”是(shi)也。定(ding)本“所以风(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)”，俗本“风(feng)”下(xia)(xia)有“化(hua)”字，误也。《仪礼》乡饮(yin)酒礼者，乡大(da)夫(fu)三年宾贤(xian)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，其(qi)(qi)(qi)经云“乃合乐(le)《周(zhou)南·关雎》”，是(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乡人也。燕(yan)礼者，诸(zhu)侯(hou)饮(yin)燕(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣子(zi)及宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，其(qi)(qi)(qi)经云“遂(sui)歌(ge)乡乐(le)、《周(zhou)南·关雎》”，是(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦国(guo)也。施化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，自上而(er)下(xia)(xia)，当天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)教诸(zhu)侯(hou)，教大(da)夫(fu)，大(da)夫(fu)教其(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)。今此先(xian)言(yan)(yan)风(feng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)而(er)正(zheng)夫(fu)妇(fu)焉，既言(yan)(yan)化(hua)及于民(min)(min)(min)，遂(sui)从民(min)(min)(min)而(er)广(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故先(xian)乡人而(er)后(hou)邦国(guo)也。《老子(zi)》云：“脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)乃馀。脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦，其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)乃丰。脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)乃普。”亦自狭至(zhi)广(guang)，与此同意也。

风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)，教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)动(dong)之(zhi)，教(jiao)以(yi)化(hua)之(zhi)。“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)”，并如字。徐(xu)上如字，下福凤反(fan)。崔灵恩《集注》本下即(ji)作“讽”字。刘氏云(yun)：“动(dong)物(wu)曰(yue)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，讬音曰(yue)讽。”崔云(yun)：“用(yong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)感物(wu)则(ze)谓(wei)之(zhi)讽。”沈(shen)云(yun)：“上风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)是《国(guo)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》，即(ji)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)六义也(ye)(ye)。下风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)即(ji)是风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)伯(bo)鼓动(dong)之(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。君上风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)教(jiao)，能(neng)鼓动(dong)万(wan)物(wu)，如风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)偃草也(ye)(ye)。”今从(cong)沈(shen)说(shuo)。“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)动(dong)之(zhi)”，如字。沈(shen)福凤反(fan)，云(yun)：“谓(wei)自下剌上，感动(dong)之(zhi)名，变(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。”今不(bu)用(yong)。

[疏]“风(feng)风(feng)”至“化之(zhi)(zhi)”。正义曰：上言风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)，谓教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天下之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)。序又解名(ming)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)意，风(feng)训讽(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)。讽(feng)(feng)谓微加晓告，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)谓殷(yin)勤(qin)诲示。讽(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)与教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，始(shi)末(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)异名(ming)耳。言王者施(shi)化，先依(yi)违讽(feng)(feng)谕以(yi)动之(zhi)(zhi)，民渐开悟，乃后明教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)命以(yi)化之(zhi)(zhi)。风(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)所吹(chui)，无(wu)物不(bu)扇(shan)；化之(zhi)(zhi)所被，无(wu)往不(bu)沾，故取名(ming)焉。

诗者，志之所(suo)之也，在心为志，发言(yan)为诗。

[疏]“诗者”至“为诗”。
　　○正义曰：上言(yan)用(yong)诗(shi)以教(jiao)，此(ci)又解(jie)作(zuo)诗(shi)所(suo)(suo)由。诗(shi)者，人志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)也；虽(sui)有所(suo)(suo)適(shi)，犹未发(fa)口(kou)，蕴(yun)藏在心，谓之(zhi)(zhi)为志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；发(fa)见於言(yan)，乃名(ming)为诗(shi)。言(yan)作(zuo)诗(shi)者，所(suo)(suo)以舒(shu)心志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愤懑(men)，而(er)卒成於歌咏(yong)，故《虞(yu)书》谓之(zhi)(zhi)“诗(shi)言(yan)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”也。包管(guan)万虑，其名(ming)曰心；感(gan)(gan)物(wu)而(er)动，乃呼(hu)为志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)適(shi)，外(wai)物(wu)感(gan)(gan)焉(yan)，言(yan)悦豫(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)和(he)乐兴而(er)颂声作(zuo)，忧愁之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)哀伤起而(er)怨刺生。《艺文志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)“哀乐之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)感(gan)(gan)，歌咏(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)声发(fa)”，此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)谓也。正经与(yu)变(bian)，同名(ming)曰诗(shi)，以其俱是志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)故也。

情(qing)动於中而形(xing)於言，言之(zhi)不足(zu)，故嗟(jie)(jie)叹之(zhi)，嗟(jie)(jie)叹之(zhi)不足(zu)，故永(yong)歌之(zhi)，永(yong)歌之(zhi)不足(zu)，不知(zhi)手之(zhi)舞之(zhi)、足(zu)之(zhi)蹈(dao)之(zhi)也(ye)。嗟(jie)(jie)，迹斜反(fan)，咨嗟(jie)(jie)也(ye)。歎(tan)，本亦(yi)作叹，汤赞反(fan)，叹息也(ye)。蹈(dao)，徒到反(fan)，动足(zu)履(lv)地也(ye)。

[疏]“情动”至“蹈之”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：上(shang)云(yun)(yun)“发言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)诗(shi)”，辨(bian)诗(shi)、志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者非诗(shi)，故(gu)更(geng)序诗(shi)必(bi)长(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。情(qing)(qing)谓(wei)哀(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)谓(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)哀(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing)动(dong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，出(chu)口而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)形见於(wu)(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。初言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，直平(ping)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。平(ping)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)意不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，嫌(xian)(xian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)未申志(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)咨(zi)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)息以和续(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犹(you)嫌(xian)(xian)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)长(zhang)引声而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。长(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犹(you)嫌(xian)(xian)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，忽然(ran)(ran)不(bu)知(zhi)手之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)身(shen)为(wei)(wei)心(xin)(xin)(xin)使，不(bu)自觉知(zhi)举手而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)舞身(shen)、动(dong)足(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)蹈地，如是(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后得舒心(xin)(xin)(xin)腹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愤，故(gu)为(wei)(wei)诗(shi)必(bi)长(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。圣(sheng)王以人情(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如是(shi)，故(gu)用诗(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)乐(le)(le)(le)，使人歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)咏(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声，象其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吟(yin)咏(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；舞动(dong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容，象其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)舞蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。具象哀(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形，然(ran)(ran)后得尽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)术焉。“情(qing)(qing)动(dong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，还(hai)是(shi)“在心(xin)(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)”，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)“形於(wu)(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”，还(hai)是(shi)“发言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)诗(shi)”，上(shang)辨(bian)诗(shi)从志(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)，此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)诗(shi)必(bi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，故(gu)重其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本(ben)(ben)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，俗本(ben)(ben)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”下有“者”字(zi)，误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定本(ben)(ben)“永(yong)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)”下无“故(gu)”字(zi)，有“故(gu)”字(zi)者，亦误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)：“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)，故(gu)不(bu)知(zhi)手之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)与(yu)此(ci)经(jing)略(lve)同(tong)。“说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓(wei)说前事，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)于口，与(yu)此(ci)情(qing)(qing)动(dong)形言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《虞书(shu)》曰：“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)所以长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。”是(shi)永(yong)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)一事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)记》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，和续(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”谓(wei)发言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，咨(zi)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)息为(wei)(wei)声，以和其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)继(ji)续(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)记》先言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)(nai)云(yun)(yun)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；此(ci)先云(yun)(yun)嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)(nai)云(yun)(yun)永(yong)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)既已嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，长(zhang)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)又复嗟(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)叹(tan)(tan)(tan)，彼此(ci)各言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一，故(gu)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《艺文(wen)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“诵(song)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，咏(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。”然(ran)(ran)则(ze)在心(xin)(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)，出(chu)口为(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，诵(song)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)诗(shi)，咏(yong)声为(wei)(wei)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，播(bo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)八音(yin)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)，皆始(shi)末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异名耳(er)。

情发於声，声成文谓之音。发犹见也。声谓宫、商、角、徵、羽也。声成文者，宫、商上下相应。
　　○犹(you)见，贤遍反(fan)。徵，陟里反(fan)。上(shang)下(xia)，时掌(zhang)反(fan)。应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)，下(xia)注同。

[疏]“情发於”至“之音”。
　　○正义曰：情发於声，谓人哀乐之情发见於言语之声，於时虽言哀乐之事，未有宫、商之调，唯是声耳。至於作诗之时，则次序清浊，节奏高下，使五声为曲，似五色成文，一人之身则能如此。据其成文之响，即是为音。此音被诸弦管，乃名为乐，虽在人在器，皆得为音。下云治世之音谓乐音，则此“声成文谓之音”亦谓乐之音也。原夫作乐之始，乐写人音，人音有小大高下之殊，乐器有宫、徵、商、羽之异，依人音而制乐，讬乐器以写人，是乐本效人，非人效乐。但乐曲既定，规矩先成，后人作诗，谟摩旧法，此声成文谓之音。若据乐初之时，则人能成文，始入於乐。若据制乐之后，则人之作诗，先须成乐之文，乃成为音。声能写情，情皆可见。听音而知治乱，观乐而晓盛衰，故神瞽有以知其趣也。设有言而非志，谓之矫情，情见於声，矫亦可识。若夫取彼素丝，织为绮縠，或色美而材薄，或文恶而质良，唯善贾者别之。取彼歌谣，播为音乐，或辞是而意非，或言邪而志正，唯达乐者晓之。《乐记》曰：“其哀心感者，其声噍以杀；其乐心感者，其声发以散。”是情之所感入於乐也。季札见歌《唐》曰：“思深哉，其有陶唐氏之遗民乎！”是乐之声音得其情也。若徒取辞赋，不达音声，则身为桀、纣之行，口出尧、舜之辞，不可得而知也。是以《楚茨》、《大田》之徒并陈成王之善，《行露》、《汝坟》之篇皆述纣时之恶。以《汝坟》为王者之《风》，《楚茨》为剌过之《雅》，大师晓其作意，知其本情故也。
　　○笺“发犹”至“相应”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《春官(guan)·大(da)(da)师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)：宫(gong)、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽。”是(shi)声(sheng)(sheng)必有五(wu)，故(gu)(gu)引(yin)五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名以解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配五(wu)方也(ye)(ye)(ye)，於《月令》角东、商西(xi)、徵(zhi)南、羽北、宫(gong)在中(zhong)央。立名还以其(qi)(qi)方为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)，《汉书·律历志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物(wu)成熟(shu)可章(zhang)度也(ye)(ye)(ye)。角，触也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)触地(di)而(er)出(chu)，戴芒(mang)角也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。居中(zhong)央，畅四(si)方，唱始施生，为(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲也(ye)(ye)(ye)。徵(zhi)，祉也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物(wu)盛(sheng)大(da)(da)而(er)蕃(fan)祉也(ye)(ye)(ye)。羽，宇(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，物(wu)聚藏宇(yu)覆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“宫(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君。”君是(shi)阳，阳数(shu)(shu)极於九(jiu)，故(gu)(gu)宫(gong)数(shu)(shu)八十(shi)(shi)一。三分去(qu)一以生徵(zhi)，徵(zhi)数(shu)(shu)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)。三分益(yi)一以生商，商数(shu)(shu)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)。三分去(qu)一以生羽，羽数(shu)(shu)四(si)十(shi)(shi)八。三分益(yi)一以生角，角数(shu)(shu)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“声(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)应，故(gu)(gu)生变(bian)(bian)。变(bian)(bian)成方，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“方犹(you)文章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器，弹其(qi)(qi)宫(gong)则(ze)众宫(gong)应，然(ran)不足乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，是(shi)以变(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使杂也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引(yin)昭二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)《左传》曰(yue)(yue)：“若以水济(ji)水，谁能食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？若琴瑟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专壹，谁能听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”是(shi)解声(sheng)(sheng)必须(xu)杂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此言“声(sheng)(sheng)成文谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，则(ze)声(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)别(bie)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)》注：“杂比曰(yue)(yue)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，单出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)声(sheng)(sheng)。”《记(ji)(ji)》又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“审声(sheng)(sheng)以知(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，审音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)以知(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”则(ze)声(sheng)(sheng)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)三者(zhe)(zhe)不同(tong)(tong)矣(yi)。以声(sheng)(sheng)变(bian)(bian)乃成音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)和乃成乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，故(gu)(gu)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三名。对文则(ze)别(bie)，散则(ze)可以通。季札见歌《秦》曰(yue)(yue)：“此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)夏(xia)声(sheng)(sheng)。”《公羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“十(shi)(shi)一而(er)税，颂(song)声(sheng)(sheng)作。”声(sheng)(sheng)即音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。下云(yun)(yun)(yun)“治世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)即乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)声(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名得相(xiang)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)》子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)对魏文侯云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)问(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)好者(zhe)(zhe)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)，与(yu)(yu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)相(xiang)近而(er)不同(tong)(tong)。”又(you)以音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)异者(zhe)(zhe)。以文侯并(bing)问(wen)古(gu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)、新(xin)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)(tong)呼为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)、音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)以古(gu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)顺於民而(er)当於神，与(yu)(yu)天下同(tong)(tong)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，故(gu)(gu)定为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。名新(xin)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，淫於色而(er)害於德，直申说其(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)已(yi)，故(gu)(gu)变(bian)(bian)言溺音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，以晓文侯耳。音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)非为(wei)(wei)(wei)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“淫乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)慝礼”，子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发”，“新(xin)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发”，是(shi)郑(zheng)、卫(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

治世之音，安以乐，其政和。乱世之音，怨以怒，其政乖。亡国之音，哀以思，其民困。
　　○治，直吏反。“之(zhi)音”绝句。“乐(le)”，音洛，绝句。“其(qi)政和”，一读(du)“安”字上属，“以乐(le)其(qi)政和”为(wei)一句。下(xia)放此，思，息吏反。

[疏]“治世”至“民困”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：序既(ji)(ji)(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“情见(jian)於(wu)(wu)声(sheng)”，又言(yan)(yan)“声(sheng)随(sui)世(shi)(shi)(shi)变(bian)”。治世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)(an)又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欢乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教和睦故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既(ji)(ji)(ji)怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恚怒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教乖戾故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既(ji)(ji)(ji)哀(ai)又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)愁思(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)困(kun)苦故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哀(ai)心(xin)(xin)感者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)噍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)心(xin)(xin)感者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)啴以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缓。”彼(bi)说乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兼有(you)二事，此(ci)安(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)、怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与彼(bi)同(tong)(tong)。治世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教和顺(shun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)心(xin)(xin)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)安(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喜乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，述(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)作歌(ge)，故(gu)治世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《良耜》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“百(bai)室盈止，妇子宁止。”安(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《湛露(lu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“厌(yan)厌(yan)夜饮，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)醉(zui)无(wu)(wu)归。”乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《天(tian)保》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质矣，日用饮食。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教与民(min)(min)(min)(min)心(xin)(xin)乖戾，民(min)(min)(min)(min)怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)忿怒，述(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)作歌(ge)，故(gu)乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《蓼莪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)穀，我(wo)(wo)独何害！”怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《巷伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“取(qu)彼(bi)谮人(ren)(ren)(ren)，投畀豺(chai)虎。”怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《十月》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“彻我(wo)(wo)墙屋，田卒汙(wu)莱。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乖也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。国(guo)(guo)将(jiang)(jiang)灭(mie)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)遭困(kun)厄，哀(ai)伤己身，思(si)慕明世(shi)(shi)(shi)，述(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哀(ai)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)作歌(ge)，故(gu)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)哀(ai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)思(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《苕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)如此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如无(wu)(wu)生。”哀(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大东》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“眷(juan)言(yan)(yan)顾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，潸焉出涕。”思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笃也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《正(zheng)月》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)(min)(min)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)禄，天(tian)夭(yao)是(shi)(shi)椓。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)述(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)志(zhi)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)民(min)(min)(min)(min)诗(shi)(shi)，故(gu)时政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)善恶见(jian)於(wu)(wu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。治世(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)下和平，乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)兵革不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)(jiang)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)乱(luan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)存，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)则国(guo)(guo)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)(shi)绝，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，民(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)必(bi)(bi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)暴，举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)困(kun)为(wei)(wei)甚辞(ci)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)实(shi)未(wei)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，观其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歌(ge)咏，知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必(bi)(bi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)耳，非(fei)已(yi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，则无(wu)(wu)复作诗(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)贤(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君子听(ting)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乱(luan)，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)“郑、卫(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)；桑(sang)閒、濮上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”，与此(ci)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。淫恣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，肆於(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)上(shang)，满志(zhi)纵欲，甘(gan)酒(jiu)嗜(shi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，作为(wei)(wei)新声(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)娱乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)皆乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)(wu)哀(ai)怨(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，君子乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道，小人(ren)(ren)(ren)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)欲。”彼(bi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)欲，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淫乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。为(wei)(wei)此(ci)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，必(bi)(bi)乱(luan)必(bi)(bi)亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故(gu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)、亡(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)耳，与此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)，此(ci)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)(yan)哀(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)出于民(min)(min)(min)(min)情，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)从(cong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)(er)变(bian)，乃是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)能变(bian)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，非(fei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。案(an)《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》称(cheng)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)感於(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后动，先(xian)(xian)王慎所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)作乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感人(ren)(ren)(ren)深，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)移风(feng)易俗(su)”。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“志(zhi)微、噍杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)思(si)忧，廉直、庄诚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)肃(su)敬(jing)，宽裕、顺(shun)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)慈爱，流僻、邪散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)作而(er)(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)淫乱(luan)。”如彼(bi)文，又是(shi)(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)由(you)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所制，民(min)(min)(min)(min)逐乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)变(bian)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)能变(bian)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，彼(bi)言(yan)(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)能变(bian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但兆(zhao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)既(ji)(ji)(ji)众(zhong)，贤(xian)(xian)愚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)(xian)哲歌(ge)谣采诗(shi)(shi)定乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，教愚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)；取(qu)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)，变(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)，制礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犹是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节文，贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)俯而(er)(er)(er)(er)就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)企而(er)(er)(er)(er)及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)下民(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所行(xing)，非(fei)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所行(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。圣(sheng)王亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)取(qu)贤(xian)(xian)行(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贤(xian)(xian)，举得(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)裁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。《礼(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·问丧》称(cheng)：“礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)从(cong)天(tian)降，非(fei)从(cong)地出，人(ren)(ren)(ren)情而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)矣。”是(shi)(shi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意出於(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》又曰：“凡音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起，由(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所自(zi)生。”是(shi)(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)意出於(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》又曰：“夫(fu)(fu)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)穷，而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好恶无(wu)(wu)节，则是(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)化物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则灭(mie)天(tian)理而(er)(er)(er)(er)穷人(ren)(ren)(ren)欲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)悖逆(ni)诈伪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)，有(you)淫佚作乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。故(gu)先(xian)(xian)王制礼(li)作乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。”是(shi)(shi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)采民(min)(min)(min)(min)情制礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)本(ben)出於(wu)(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，还(hai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教民(min)(min)(min)(min)，与夫(fu)(fu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)出於(wu)(wu)山(shan)，复雨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)；火生於(wu)(wu)木，反焚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)木，复何异(yi)哉！

故正得失，动天地，感鬼神，莫近於诗。
　　○“正得(de)失”，周云：“正齐人之(zhi)得(de)失也。”本又(you)作“政(zheng)”，谓(wei)政(zheng)教也，两(liang)通。“近(jin)”，如字(zi)，沈音附(fu)近(jin)之(zhi)近(jin)。

[疏]“故正”至“於诗”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：上言播诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於音，音从政变，政之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)恶皆在於诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)又言诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)功德(de)也(ye)。由诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)乐(le)章之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)，正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)得失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，变动(dong)天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)灵，感(gan)致鬼神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)意，无有近(jin)於诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。言诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)，馀事(shi)莫之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)也(ye)。《公(gong)羊传》说《春秋》功德(de)云(yun)：“拨乱世，反诸正(zheng)(zheng)，莫近(jin)诸《春秋》。”何休云(yun)：“莫近(jin)，犹莫过之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)所以能(neng)(neng)有此三事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)志之(zhi)(zhi)所歌(ge)，歌(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)精诚，精诚之(zhi)(zhi)至，以类相感(gan)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)陈得失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)以为(wei)劝戒，令(ling)人(ren)(ren)行(xing)善(shan)不行(xing)恶，使(shi)失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆得是诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)得失(shi)也(ye)。普正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)得失(shi)，非(fei)独正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)君也(ye)。下云(yun)“上以风化下，下以风刺(ci)上”，是上下俱正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。人(ren)(ren)君诚能(neng)(neng)用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)美道(dao)，听嘉乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)音，使(shi)赏善(shan)伐恶之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)举无不当，则可使(shi)天地(di)效灵，鬼神(shen)(shen)降(jiang)福也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)：“奸声感(gan)人(ren)(ren)而(er)逆(ni)(ni)气(qi)(qi)应之(zhi)(zhi)，逆(ni)(ni)气(qi)(qi)成象(xiang)而(er)淫乐(le)兴(xing)焉。正(zheng)(zheng)声感(gan)人(ren)(ren)而(er)顺气(qi)(qi)应之(zhi)(zhi)，顺气(qi)(qi)成象(xiang)而(er)和乐(le)兴(xing)焉。”又曰(yue)：“歌(ge)者(zhe)(zhe)直(zhi)己而(er)陈德(de)也(ye)，动(dong)己而(er)天地(di)应焉，四时和焉，星辰理(li)焉，万物育焉。”此说声能(neng)(neng)感(gan)物，能(neng)(neng)致顺气(qi)(qi)、逆(ni)(ni)气(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。天地(di)云(yun)动(dong)，鬼神(shen)(shen)云(yun)感(gan)，互言耳(er)。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)例，天曰(yue)神(shen)(shen)，地(di)曰(yue)祇，人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)鬼。鬼神(shen)(shen)与(yu)天地(di)相对，唯谓人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)鬼神(shen)(shen)耳(er)。从人(ren)(ren)正(zheng)(zheng)而(er)后能(neng)(neng)感(gan)动(dong)，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)言“正(zheng)(zheng)得失(shi)”也(ye)。此“正(zheng)(zheng)得失(shi)”与(yu)“雅者(zhe)(zhe)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)”、“正(zheng)(zheng)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)”，本或(huo)作“政”，皆误耳(er)。今定本皆作“正(zheng)(zheng)”字。

先(xian)王以是(shi)经夫妇，成孝(xiao)敬，厚(hou)人伦，美教化，移风(feng)俗。“厚(hou)”音(yin)后(hou)，本或作“序”，非。

[疏]“先王”至“俗”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：上言(yan)(yan)诗(shi)有(you)(you)(you)功德(de)，此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)用诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。“经夫妇”者，经，常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)，男(nan)正位(wei)乎外，女正位(wei)乎内，德(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)莫违(wei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)。室家离散，夫妻反目，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。教(jiao)民(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)，此(ci)(ci)夫妇犹(you)《商书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“常(chang)(chang)厥德(de)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“成(cheng)孝(xiao)敬(jing)”者，孝(xiao)以(yi)(yi)事(shi)亲(qin)，可移(yi)於(wu)君；敬(jing)以(yi)(yi)事(shi)长，可移(yi)於(wu)贵。若(ruo)得罪於(wu)君亲(qin)，失意於(wu)长贵，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孝(xiao)敬(jing)不(bu)成(cheng)。故(gu)(gu)教(jiao)民(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)成(cheng)此(ci)(ci)孝(xiao)敬(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“厚人(ren)(ren)(ren)伦(lun)”者，伦(lun)，理也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君臣(chen)父(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，朋友之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交，男(nan)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)(chang)理。父(fu)子不(bu)亲(qin)，君臣(chen)不(bu)敬(jing)，朋友道(dao)(dao)绝，男(nan)女多违(wei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)理薄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)教(jiao)民(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)厚此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)伦(lun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“美教(jiao)化(hua)”者，美谓(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)无(wu)厌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)设言(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)民(min)(min)未尽从(cong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)化(hua)未美。故(gu)(gu)教(jiao)民(min)(min)使(shi)(shi)美此(ci)(ci)教(jiao)化(hua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)”者，《地理志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“民(min)(min)有(you)(you)(you)刚(gang)柔(rou)缓急，音(yin)(yin)(yin)声不(bu)同，系(xi)水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)气，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。好恶(e)(e)、取(qu)舍、动静，随(sui)君上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情欲，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)。”则(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)，俗(su)(su)(su)(su)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)末，皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)民(min)(min)情好恶(e)(e)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。缓急系(xi)水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气，急则(ze)失於(wu)躁，缓则(ze)失於(wu)慢。王(wang)(wang)(wang)者为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政，当(dang)移(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)(shi)缓急调(diao)和(he)，刚(gang)柔(rou)得中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。随(sui)君上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，则(ze)君有(you)(you)(you)善恶(e)(e)，民(min)(min)并(bing)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)伤败(bai)者，王(wang)(wang)(wang)者为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政，当(dang)易(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)善。故(gu)(gu)《地理志》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孔子曰：‘移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)，莫善於(wu)乐(le)(le)(le)。’言(yan)(yan)圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)在上，统理人(ren)(ren)(ren)伦(lun)，必移(yi)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)而(er)(er)易(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)末，然后王(wang)(wang)(wang)教(jiao)成(cheng)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)用诗(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“先王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，以(yi)(yi)，用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)用诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)五事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“广(guang)谷大川异(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)，民(min)(min)生其(qi)(qi)閒者异(yi)(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)。脩(xiu)其(qi)(qi)教(jiao)，不(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)。”此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“易(yi)(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)”，彼言(yan)(yan)“不(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)”者，彼谓(wei)(wei)五方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)，戎夷殊俗(su)(su)(su)(su)，言(yan)(yan)语(yu)不(bu)通，器械异(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)者就而(er)(er)抚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)复易(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)器械，同其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)音(yin)(yin)(yin)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)“不(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)”，与此(ci)(ci)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)序言(yan)(yan)诗(shi)能(neng)易(yi)(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)，《孝(xiao)经》言(yan)(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)能(neng)移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)者，诗(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，乐(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声，故(gu)(gu)诗(shi)、乐(le)(le)(le)同其(qi)(qi)功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)诗(shi)、乐(le)(le)(le)相将(jiang)，无(wu)诗(shi)则(ze)无(wu)乐(le)(le)(le)。周存六代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，岂有(you)(you)(you)黄帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)？有(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)无(wu)诗(shi)，何能(neng)移(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)(yi)(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)？斯不(bu)然矣。原夫乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，始於(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)，出於(wu)口歌，圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)作八音(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器以(yi)(yi)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然后谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)音(yin)(yin)(yin)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)。乐(le)(le)(le)虽逐(zhu)诗(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)曲，仿诗(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)音(yin)(yin)(yin)，曲有(you)(you)(you)清浊次(ci)第之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序，音(yin)(yin)(yin)有(you)(you)(you)宫商相应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节，其(qi)(qi)法既成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)可久，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)昔(xi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)虽绝，昔(xi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)常(chang)(chang)存。乐(le)(le)(le)本(ben)由(you)诗(shi)而(er)(er)生，所以(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)能(neng)移(yi)俗(su)(su)(su)(su)。歌其(qi)(qi)声谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，诵其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，声言(yan)(yan)不(bu)同，故(gu)(gu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)时别教(jiao)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》称(cheng)“春(chun)教(jiao)乐(le)(le)(le)，夏教(jiao)诗(shi)”。《经解》称(cheng)“温(wen)柔(rou)敦厚，诗(shi)教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；广(guang)博易(yi)(yi)(yi)良(liang)，乐(le)(le)(le)教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。由(you)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)异(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)诗(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)。据五帝以(yi)(yi)还(hai)，诗(shi)乐(le)(le)(le)相将(jiang)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)。若(ruo)上皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，人(ren)(ren)(ren)性醇厚，徒(tu)有(you)(you)(you)嬉戏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，未有(you)(you)(you)歌咏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)。

故诗有六义焉：一曰风，二曰赋，三曰比，四曰兴，五曰雅，六曰颂。
　　○比，必履反。兴，虚应反，沈(shen)许甑反。颂(song)音讼。

[疏]“故诗”至“六曰颂”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：上言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功既(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)，明(ming)非(fei)(fei)一义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)周(zhou)(zhou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”。《大(da)师》上文未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”字，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得径云(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。各(ge)(ge)自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)圣治道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)化(hua)(hua)。赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)铺(pu)(pu)，直(zhi)(zhi)铺(pu)(pu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教善(shan)(shan)恶。比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢斥言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，取(qu)(qu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)，嫌(xian)於(wu)(wu)媚谀(yu)，取(qu)(qu)善(shan)(shan)事以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喻劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)法。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诵(song)(song)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，容(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，诵(song)(song)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，广(guang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)解(jie)六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)虽各(ge)(ge)解(jie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、变，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)互(hu)见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)。“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)贤(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)化(hua)(hua)，谓变风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)法”，谓正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)亦言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化(hua)(hua)，变雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)亦是(shi)贤(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“容(rong)”，止云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诵(song)(song)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，广(guang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，谓天(tian)子(zi)(zi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形容(rong)，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“美(mei)(mei)(mei)盛(sheng)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形容(rong)”，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“铺(pu)(pu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教善(shan)(shan)恶”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)通正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、变，兼美(mei)(mei)(mei)、刺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)，取(qu)(qu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓刺诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)“见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)，取(qu)(qu)善(shan)(shan)事以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，谓美(mei)(mei)(mei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实美(mei)(mei)(mei)、刺俱有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)化(hua)(hua)，举变风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)唐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贤(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)化(hua)(hua)。“赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，直(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事，无(wu)(wu)所避讳，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得失(shi)俱言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)讬於(wu)(wu)物，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，似有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所畏(wei)惧(ju)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)，取(qu)(qu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)类(lei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)起志(zhi)意(yi)(yi)赞扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“见今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喻劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”既(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齐正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)法”。郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所注，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)如此。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)乐，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)(wu)罪。赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)直(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事。於(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢斥言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“嫌(xian)於(wu)(wu)媚谀(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)指斥，若有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫌(xian)惧(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实作(zuo)(zuo)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，理自(zi)当然，非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所嫌(xian)惧(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次第如此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四始(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)即次赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，然后(hou)(hou)次以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既(ji)(ji)(ji)见赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)於(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，明(ming)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)亦同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)铺(pu)(pu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，铺(pu)(pu)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)善(shan)(shan)恶，则(ze)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文直(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)譬喻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)方於(wu)(wu)物。诸(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”司农(nong)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，讬事於(wu)(wu)物则(ze)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)起也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。取(qu)(qu)譬引类(lei)，起发已(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)举草木鸟兽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)见意(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)如此次者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，直(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)经(jing)》多赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)。比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，虽同(tong)是(shi)附讬外物，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)显而兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隐。当先(xian)显后(hou)(hou)隐，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)居兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)先(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毛传特(te)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理隐故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆是(shi)施政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上云(yun)(yun)(yun)“风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，教也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，教以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小大(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《小雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》焉，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)《大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》焉”，是(shi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)谱》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)容(rong)，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，光(guang)被四表，格于上下(xia)，此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓容(rong)”，是(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人君以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)化(hua)(hua)下(xia)，臣(chen)下(xia)感政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)还(hai)取(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)同(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)称(cheng)，而事有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)积渐，教化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，必(bi)先(xian)讽动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，物情(qing)既(ji)(ji)(ji)悟(wu)，然后(hou)(hou)教化(hua)(hua)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，则(ze)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齐正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，则(ze)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)既(ji)(ji)(ji)齐，然后(hou)(hou)德能(neng)容(rong)物，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)功成(cheng)乃谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。先(xian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，后(hou)(hou)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此次故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)列土树疆，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)各(ge)(ge)异(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)唐有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，魏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)俭约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)，由随(sui)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)设教，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)则(ze)威加(jia)四海，齐正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)万(wan)方，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教所施，皆能(neng)齐正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，缘政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而作(zuo)(zuo)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)既(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦异(yi)(yi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《七(qi)月(yue)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)备有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。《駉颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“史克作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。”明(ming)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本意(yi)(yi)，自(zi)定(ding)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，非(fei)(fei)采得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)始(shi)(shi)定(ding)体(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)既(ji)(ji)(ji)异(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦殊。《公羊传》曰(yue)(yue)：“十一而税，颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)作(zuo)(zuo)。”《史记(ji)(ji)》称(cheng)微子(zi)(zi)过殷墟(xu)而作(zuo)(zuo)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。《谱》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“师挚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)，《关雎》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱，早(zao)失(shi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)矣。”《乐记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)(wu)乱，先(xian)王(wang)耻(chi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乱，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)各(ge)(ge)自(zi)别(bie)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，体(ti)(ti)(ti)各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，大(da)师听声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得情(qing)，知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本意(yi)(yi)。《周(zhou)(zhou)南》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，《召南》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，是(shi)听声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)；赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)辞(ci)(ci)耳，大(da)小不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，而得并为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所用，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)形，用彼(bi)三事，成(cheng)此三事，是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)同(tong)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，非(fei)(fei)别(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)篇(pian)(pian)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑(zheng)志(zhi)》：“张逸问：‘何诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)近於(wu)(wu)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)？’答曰(yue)(yue)：‘比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，吴(wu)札(zha)观诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)录《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，已(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)，难复摘别(bie)。篇(pian)(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。’”逸见风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)段(duan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)段(duan)，谓有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)全篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)，全篇(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，欲(yu)郑(zheng)指摘言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)直(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)文�Z之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)，非(fei)(fei)篇(pian)(pian)卷(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)远(yuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)从(cong)本来不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)别(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“吴(wu)札(zha)观诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歌”，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)无(wu)(wu)别(bie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可歌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)录《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》，已(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)”，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)无(wu)(wu)别(bie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。元来合(he)(he)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，今(jin)(jin)(jin)日“难复摘别(bie)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“篇(pian)(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)毛传於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)每言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)篇(pian)(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)，明(ming)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亦在(zai)篇(pian)(pian)中(zhong)(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)显比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元来不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，则(ze)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)三诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而已(yi)(yi)(yi)。《艺论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“至周(zhou)(zhou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》“六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，非(fei)(fei)谓篇(pian)(pian)卷(juan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)已(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)於(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)，则(ze)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)，未合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)卷(juan)。若然，则(ze)离(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)章句，析(xi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文辞(ci)(ci)，乐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可歌，文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可诵(song)(song)。且风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，若比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)篇(pian)(pian)卷(juan)，则(ze)无(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)矣。是(shi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)、赋(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。唐、虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，治致升平(ping)，周(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)太平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，无(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，则(ze)唐、虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)必(bi)无(wu)(wu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)虽王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，乃是(shi)太平(ping)前(qian)事，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尧、舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣，黎民时雍，亦似无(wu)(wu)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，於(wu)(wu)六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，唯应有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)耳。夏在(zai)制礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复面(mian)称(cheng)目谏，或(huo)当有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。夏氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰，昆(kun)吾作(zuo)(zuo)霸，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)彊盛(sheng)，或(huo)当有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。但篇(pian)(pian)章泯灭，无(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《艺论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“唐、虞(yu)始(shi)(shi)造其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初，至周(zhou)(zhou)分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，据《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》成(cheng)文而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，非(fei)(fei)起於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

上以风化下，下以风刺上，主文而谲谏，言之者无罪，闻之者足以戒，故曰风。风化、风刺，皆谓譬喻，不斥言也。主文，主与乐之宫商相应也。谲谏，咏歌依违，不直谏。
　　○“下以风”，福(fu)凤(feng)反(fan)(fan)，注(zhu)“风刺”同。刺本又作刾(ci)，七赐反(fan)(fan)。谲，古穴反(fan)(fan)，诈也(ye)。“故曰风”，福(fu)凤(feng)反(fan)(fan)，又如字。

[疏]“上以”至“曰风”。
　　○正义曰：臣下作诗，所以谏君，君又用之教化，故又言上下皆用此上六义之意。在上，人君用此六义风动教化；在下，人臣用此六义以风喻箴刺君上。其作诗也，本心主意，使合於宫商相应之文，播之於乐，而依违谲谏，不直言君之过失，故言之者无罪。人君不怒其作主而罪戮之，闻之者足以自戒。人君自知其过而悔之，感而不切，微动若风，言出而过改，犹风行而草偃，故曰“风”。上言“风，风也，教也”，向下以申风义。此云“故曰风”，向上而结彼文，使首尾相应，解尽风义。此六义之下而解名风之意，则六义皆名为风，以风是政教之初，六义风居其首，故六义总名为风，六义随事生称耳。若此辞总上六义，则有正、变，而云“主文谲谏”，唯说刺诗者，以诗之作皆为正邪防失，虽论功诵德，莫不匡正人君，故主说作诗之意耳。诗皆人臣作之以谏君，然后人君用之以化下。此先云“上以风化下”者，以其教从君来，上下俱用，故先尊后卑。襄十六年《左传》称齐人伐鲁，求救於晋。晋人不许。穆叔见中行献子，赋《圻父》。献子曰：“偃知罪矣。”穆叔赋，而晋人不得怨之，是言之者无罪也。献子服罪，是闻之者足以戒也。俗本“戒”上有“自”字者，误。定本直云“足以戒”也。
　　○笺“风化”至“直谏”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：风者，若(ruo)风之(zhi)(zhi)动物，故谓之(zhi)(zhi)“譬喻，不(bu)斥(chi)(chi)言(yan)也(ye)”。人君教(jiao)民，自得指斥(chi)(chi)，但用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)教(jiao)民，播之(zhi)(zhi)於乐(le)，故亦不(bu)斥(chi)(chi)言(yan)也(ye)。上言(yan)“声(sheng)成(cheng)文”，此言(yan)“主(zhu)文”，知(zhi)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者主(zhu)意(yi)，令诗(shi)(shi)文与乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)宫商相应也(ye)。如上所说(shuo)，先为诗(shi)(shi)歌(ge)，乐(le)逐(zhu)诗(shi)(shi)为曲，则是宫商之(zhi)(zhi)辞，学诗(shi)(shi)文而(er)(er)为之(zhi)(zhi)。此言(yan)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)文，主(zhu)应於宫商者，初(chu)作(zuo)乐(le)者，准(zhun)诗(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)为声(sheng)，声(sheng)既(ji)成(cheng)形，须依(yi)声(sheng)而(er)(er)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，故后之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)者，皆主(zhu)应於乐(le)文也(ye)。谲者，权(quan)诈之(zhi)(zhi)名，讬之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)歌(ge)，依(yi)违而(er)(er)谏，亦权(quan)诈之(zhi)(zhi)义，故谓之(zhi)(zhi)谲谏。

至(zhi)于王道(dao)衰，礼义(yi)废，政教失，国异(yi)政，家殊俗(su)，而(er)变风、变雅作矣。

[疏]“至于”至“雅作矣”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)，有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)有(you)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又言(yan)(yan)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。至于王(wang)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)，礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)废而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)所，遂使诸侯(hou)(hou)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)异政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，下(xia)民家家殊俗。诗人(ren)见(jian)(jian)善(shan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)美，见(jian)(jian)恶(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)作(zuo)矣(yi)。“至于”者(zhe)(zhe)，从盛而(er)(er)(er)(er)至于衰(shuai)(shuai)，相承首尾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)废者(zhe)(zhe)，典(dian)法仍存，但废而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行耳(er)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教言(yan)(yan)失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)无政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教，但施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)理(li)耳(er)。由施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)理(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)异政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，家家殊俗，皆(jie)是(shi)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)以冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教。定本“礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)废”，俗本有(you)作(zuo)“仪”字者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)“家”谓天下(xia)民家。《孝(xiao)经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)“非(fei)家至而(er)(er)(er)(er)日见(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，亦(yi)谓天下(xia)民家，非(fei)大夫称(cheng)家也(ye)(ye)(ye)。民随君上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)俗。若大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)，必王(wang)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)乃作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)，夫天下(xia)有(you)道(dao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)庶人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)议；治平累世，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)美刺(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兴。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？未识不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善(shan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知善(shan)为(wei)善(shan)，未见(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恶(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知恶(e)为(wei)恶(e)。太(tai)平则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无所更美，道(dao)绝(jue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无所复(fu)讥(ji)，人(ren)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常理(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)初变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)恶(e)俗则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)经(jing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；始(shi)得(de)(de)(de)太(tai)平则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《周颂》诸篇是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若其(qi)(qi)王(wang)纲绝(jue)纽，礼(li)(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)消亡，民皆(jie)逃死，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尽纷乱(luan)。《易》称(cheng)天地闭，贤人(ren)隐(yin)。於此(ci)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)，虽有(you)智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，无复(fu)讥(ji)剌。成王(wang)太(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，其(qi)(qi)美不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异於前(qian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)颂声止也(ye)(ye)(ye)。陈灵公(gong)淫乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，其(qi)(qi)恶(e)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)可言(yan)(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)息也(ye)(ye)(ye)。班固云(yun)(yun)：“成、康没而(er)(er)(er)(er)颂声寝，王(wang)泽(ze)竭而(er)(er)(er)(er)《诗》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)。”此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)，皆(jie)王(wang)道(dao)始(shi)衰(shuai)(shuai)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教初失(shi)，尚可匡而(er)(er)(er)(er)革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，追而(er)(er)(er)(er)复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)执彼旧(jiu)章，绳此(ci)新失(shi)，觊(ji)望(wang)自悔其(qi)(qi)心，更遵(zun)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)，所以变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)诗作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以其(qi)(qi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)改正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，法故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)焉(yan)。季札见(jian)(jian)歌《小雅(ya)(ya)》，曰(yue)：“美哉！思而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贰，怨(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)，其(qi)(qi)周德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)(shuai)乎！犹(you)有(you)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗(yi)民。”是(shi)由王(wang)泽(ze)未竭，民尚知礼(li)(li)(li)，以礼(li)(li)(li)救世，作(zuo)此(ci)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)诗，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)诗，王(wang)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)乃作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《谱》云(yun)(yun)“夷(yi)身(shen)(shen)失(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)，懿始(shi)受谮”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)周道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)(shuai)，自夷(yi)、懿始(shi)矣(yi)。变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)始(shi)於厉(li)王(wang)，无夷(yi)、懿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)，盖(gai)孔子(zi)录(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)，或有(you)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足录(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭十二(er)年《左传》称(cheng)祭公(gong)谋父(fu)作(zuo)《祈招》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗以谏穆王(wang)，卫顷、齐哀(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)，明时作(zuo)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。王(wang)道(dao)衰(shuai)(shuai)，诸侯(hou)(hou)有(you)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)；王(wang)道(dao)盛，诸侯(hou)(hou)无正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)；王(wang)道(dao)明盛，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)一人(ren)，太(tai)平非(fei)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)风(feng)(feng)(feng)；王(wang)道(dao)既衰(shuai)(shuai)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)诸侯(hou)(hou)，善(shan)恶(e)在(zai)於己身(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)，恶(e)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民怨(yuan)，善(shan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民喜，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)各(ge)从其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)，有(you)美剌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)风(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

国史明乎得失之迹，伤人伦之废，哀刑政之苛，吟咏情性，以风其上，
　　○“苛(ke)”，本亦作“荷”，音何，苛(ke)虐也。吟，疑今反，动声曰吟。“风其(qi)上”，福凤(feng)反。

[疏]“国史”至“上”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：上既(ji)言(yan)(yan)变诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，此(ci)(ci)又说作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)。言(yan)(yan)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)，皆(jie)(jie)博闻强(qiang)识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，明(ming)晓於人(ren)君得失善(shan)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，礼义废(fei)则(ze)(ze)人(ren)伦乱，政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)失则(ze)(ze)法(fa)令酷，国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伤此(ci)(ci)人(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)弃，哀(ai)此(ci)(ci)刑政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苛虐，哀(ai)伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志郁积於内，乃吟咏(yong)(yong)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情性，以风刺其(qi)上，觊其(qi)改恶(e)为(wei)善(shan)，所(suo)以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变诗也(ye)(ye)。国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周官(guan)大史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、小史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、外史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)承(cheng)变风、变雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，则(ze)(ze)兼据天子(zi)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。得失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)君既(ji)往之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)行也(ye)(ye)。明(ming)晓得失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，哀(ai)伤而咏(yong)(yong)情性者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诗人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。非史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)也(ye)(ye)。《民(min)(min)劳(lao)》、《常武》，公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)。《黄鸟》、《硕人(ren)》，国(guo)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风。然则(ze)(ze)凡是(shi)(shi)臣民(min)(min)，皆(jie)(jie)得风剌，不必要其(qi)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)为(wei)。此(ci)(ci)文特(te)言(yan)(yan)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑答张逸(yi)云(yun)：“国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采众(zhong)诗时，明(ming)其(qi)好(hao)恶(e)，令瞽矇歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)无作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)，皆(jie)(jie)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，令可歌(ge)。”如此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)，是(shi)(shi)由(you)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)掌书，故讬文史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。苟能制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)文章，亦(yi)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不必要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)。《駉(jiong)》云(yun)“史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)克作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)颂”，史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)自(zi)有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣，不尽(jin)是(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)明(ming)其(qi)好(hao)恶(e)，令瞽矇歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)选取(qu)善(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，始付(fu)乐官(guan)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)其(qi)无作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)，国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，嫌其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无名，国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。其(qi)有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)主(zhu)，亦(yi)国(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。“人(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)”，即(ji)上“礼义废(fei)”也(ye)(ye)。“刑政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苛”，即(ji)上“政(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)失”也(ye)(ye)。动声(sheng)曰吟，长(zhang)言(yan)(yan)曰咏(yong)(yong)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)诗必歌(ge)，故言(yan)(yan)“吟咏(yong)(yong)情性”也(ye)(ye)。

达於事变(bian)(bian)而怀其旧俗者也。故变(bian)(bian)风发(fa)乎(hu)情，止(zhi)乎(hu)礼义。发(fa)乎(hu)情，民(min)之(zhi)性也；止(zhi)乎(hu)礼义，先王之(zhi)泽也。

[疏]“达於”至“之泽”。
　　○正义曰：此又言王道既衰，所以能作变诗之意。作诗者皆晓达於世事之变易，而私怀其旧时之风俗，见时世政事，变易旧章，即作诗以旧法诫之，欲使之合於礼义。故变风之诗，皆发於民情，止於礼义，言各出民之情性而皆合於礼义也。又重说发情、止礼之意。发乎情者，民之性，言其民性不同，故各言其志也；止乎礼义者，先王之泽，言俱被先王遗泽，故得皆止礼义也。展转申明作诗之意。“达於事变”者，若唐有帝尧杀礼救危之化，后世习之，失之於俭不中礼。陈有大姬好巫歌舞之风，后世习之，失之於游荡无度。是其风俗改变，时人晓达之也。“怀其旧俗”者，若齐有太公之风，卫有康叔之化，其遗法仍在，诗人怀挟之也。诗人既见时世之事变，改旧时之俗，故依准旧法，而作诗戒之。虽俱准旧法，而诗体不同，或陈古政治，或指世淫荒。虽复属意不同，俱怀匡救之意，故各发情性，而皆止礼义也。此亦兼论变雅，独言变风者，上已变风、变雅双举其文，此从省而略之也。“先王之泽”，谓先王有德泽而流及於后世，诗人得其馀化，故能怀其旧俗也。郑答张逸云：“旧俗者，若晋有尧之遗风，先王之泽，卫有康叔馀烈。”如此言，则康叔当云先公，而云先王者，以变雅有先王之泽，变风有先公之泽。故季札见歌《齐》，曰：“表东海者，其太公乎？”见歌小雅，曰：“犹有先王之遗民。”是其风禀先公，雅禀先王也。上举变风，下言先王，风、雅互相见也。上言国史作诗，此言民之性，明作诗皆在民意，非独国史能为，亦是互见也。作诗止於礼义，则应言皆合礼。而变风所陈，多说奸淫之状者，男淫女奔，伤化败俗，诗人所陈者，皆乱状淫形，时政之疾病也，所言者，皆忠规切谏，救世之针药也。《尚书》之三风十愆，疾病也。诗人之四始六义，救药也。若夫疾病尚轻，有可生之道，则医之治也用心锐。扁鹊之疗太子，知其必可生也。疾病已重，有将死之势，则医之治也用心缓。秦和之视平公，知其不可为也。诗人救世，亦犹是矣。典刑未亡，觊可追改，则箴规之意切，《鹤鸣》、《沔水》，殷勤而责王也。淫风大行，莫之能救，则匡谏之志微，《溱泱》、《桑中》，所以咨嗟叹息而闵世。陈、郑之俗，亡形已成，诗人度已箴规必不变改，且复赋己之志，哀叹而已，不敢望其存，是谓匡谏之志微。故季札见歌《陈》，曰：“国无主，其能久乎！”见歌《郑》，曰：“美哉！其细已甚，民弗堪也，是其先亡乎！”美者，美诗人之情，言不有先王之训，孰能若此。先亡者，见其匡谏意微，知其国将亡灭也。
　　○

是以一国之事(shi)，系一人之本，谓之风。言天下之事(shi)，形四方(fang)之风，谓之雅。

[疏]“是以”至“之雅”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：序说正(zheng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，以(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)与(yu)(yu)颂区域不同，故(gu)(gu)又辨三者(zhe)体异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)”者(zhe)，承(cheng)上生下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)如(ru)(ru)此。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)善(shan)恶，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)系(xi)属(shu)於(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本意(yi)(yi)，如(ru)(ru)此而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)道(dao)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，发见四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)，如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别，其(qi)(qi)(qi)大意(yi)(yi)如(ru)(ru)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)，作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，道(dao)己(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)耳。要所言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)览(lan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，以(yi)为己(ji)(ji)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，故(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，使言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)所言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)，直是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，行风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化於(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)狭故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)总天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，四(si)方(fang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)，以(yi)为己(ji)(ji)意(yi)(yi)，而(er)咏(yong)歌王(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)说天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，发见四(si)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。所言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)，乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，施齐(qi)正(zheng)於(wu)天(tian)下，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)广(guang)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu)雅(ya)(ya)，各是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所为，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，雅(ya)(ya)亦(yi)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。雅(ya)(ya)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)亦(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。序者(zhe)逆顺立文，互言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。故(gu)(gu)《志》张逸问：“尝闻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，何(he)谓(wei)(wei)？”答曰：“作(zuo)(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)已。其(qi)(qi)(qi)取义者(zhe)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)则(ze)讥王(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)得失，闵风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)，所忧者(zhe)广(guang)，发於(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本身。”如(ru)(ru)此言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)美(mei)，则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)刺(ci)，则(ze)天(tian)下皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《谷风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》、《黄(huang)鸟》，妻(qi)怨其(qi)(qi)(qi)夫(fu)，未(wei)必一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)怨夫(fu)耳。《北门》、《北山》，下怨其(qi)(qi)(qi)上，未(wei)必一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)怨上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)举其(qi)(qi)(qi)夫(fu)妇(fu)离(li)绝，则(ze)知(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)俗(su)败矣；言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)己(ji)(ji)独劳(lao)从事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)知(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教偏矣，莫不取众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)以(yi)为己(ji)(ji)辞。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)悦。假使圣哲(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，功齐(qi)区宇，设(she)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，独言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)恶，如(ru)(ru)弁随、务(wu)光之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞见殷汤(tang)，伯夷、叔齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耻事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周武，海内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)不同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，恶加万(wan)民，设(she)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，独称其(qi)(qi)(qi)善(shan)，如(ru)(ru)张竦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)王(wang)莽，蔡邕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惜董卓，天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)不与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)当举世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，动合一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，然(ran)后(hou)得为风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)，载在乐(le)章。不然(ran)，则(ze)国(guo)(guo)(guo)史不录其(qi)(qi)(qi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)，理兼(jian)正(zheng)、变(bian)(bian)(bian)。天(tian)下无道(dao)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出诸侯，而(er)变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)亦(yi)称雅(ya)(ya)者(zhe)，当作(zuo)(zuo)变(bian)(bian)(bian)雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，王(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)仍(reng)被邦国(guo)(guo)(guo)。《大学》曰：“尧(yao)、舜率(lv)天(tian)下以(yi)仁而(er)民从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，桀、纣率(lv)天(tian)下以(yi)暴而(er)民从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)善(shan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、恶政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能正(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，所以(yi)幽、厉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)名为雅(ya)(ya)。及(ji)平(ping)王(wang)东迁，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)遂(sui)微(wei)弱，其(qi)(qi)(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)才行境内，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)为风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)焉。

雅者，正也，言王政之所由废兴也。政有小大(da)，故有小雅焉(yan)，有大(da)雅焉(yan)。

[疏]“雅者”至“雅焉”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：上已解(jie)(jie)风名，故(gu)又(you)(you)解(jie)(jie)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)名。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)者(zhe)训(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)也，由(you)(you)(you)天(tian)子以(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教齐(qi)正(zheng)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，故(gu)民述(shu)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，还以(yi)齐(qi)正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名。王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)正(zheng)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)得其(qi)道，则(ze)(ze)述(shu)其(qi)美，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)经及(ji)(ji)宣王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美诗(shi)(shi)是也。若(ruo)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐(qi)正(zheng)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)失其(qi)理，则(ze)(ze)刺(ci)其(qi)恶，幽、厉小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是也。诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所陈(chen)(chen)，皆(jie)是正(zheng)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)法，文(wen)、武用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道则(ze)(ze)兴，幽、厉不用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)道则(ze)(ze)废(fei)。此雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)诗(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，言说王(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所用(yong)废(fei)兴，以(yi)其(qi)废(fei)兴，故(gu)有(you)(you)美刺(ci)也。又(you)(you)解(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)二雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)，诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)述(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)，故(gu)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)焉，有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)焉。小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)所陈(chen)(chen)，有(you)(you)饮食宾客(ke)，赏劳(lao)群臣，燕赐以(yi)怀诸侯(hou)，征(zheng)伐(fa)以(yi)强中国(guo)(guo)，乐(le)得贤者(zhe)，养育(yu)人(ren)材，於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，皆(jie)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)也。大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)所陈(chen)(chen)，受命作(zuo)(zuo)周，代(dai)殷继伐(fa)，荷先(xian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福禄，尊祖考以(yi)配天(tian)，醉酒饱(bao)德(de)，能官用(yong)士，泽被昆虫，仁及(ji)(ji)草木(mu)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，皆(jie)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)也。诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)歌(ge)(ge)其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)，制(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)体(ti)；述(shu)其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)，制(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)体(ti)。体(ti)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，故(gu)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二焉。风见优劣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差，故(gu)《周南》先(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《召南》，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)见积渐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)先(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，此其(qi)所以(yi)异也。诗(shi)(shi)体(ti)既异，乐(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亦(yi)殊。国(guo)(guo)风之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，各(ge)(ge)从(cong)水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气，述(shu)其(qi)当国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)而作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，则(ze)(ze)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)遍览(lan)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，总合四方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风而制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《乐(le)记》所谓“先(xian)王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声以(yi)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是其(qi)事(shi)也。诗(shi)(shi)体(ti)既定，乐(le)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)既成(cheng)，则(ze)(ze)后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)各(ge)(ge)从(cong)旧俗(su)。“变风”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，各(ge)(ge)是其(qi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，季札观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而各(ge)(ge)知其(qi)国(guo)(guo)，由(you)(you)(you)其(qi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)异故(gu)也。小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)体(ti)亦(yi)然。正(zheng)经述(shu)大(da)(da)(da)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，述(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。王(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)既衰，变雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)兼作(zuo)(zuo)，取大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，歌(ge)(ge)其(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变者(zhe)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“变大(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”；取其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，歌(ge)(ge)其(qi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变者(zhe)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“变小(xiao)(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”，故(gu)变雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美刺(ci)，皆(jie)由(you)(you)(you)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)体(ti)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)，不复由(you)(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)也。风述(shu)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，非无小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)，但(dan)化(hua)止一国(guo)(guo)，不足分(fen)别(bie)。颂(song)(song)则(ze)(ze)功(gong)成(cheng)乃(nai)作(zuo)(zuo)，归美报神，皆(jie)是大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)，无复别(bie)体(ti)，故(gu)不分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“二风”、“二颂(song)(song)”也。定本(ben)“王(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所由(you)(you)(you)废(fei)兴”，俗(su)本(ben)“王(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”字(zi)，误也。

颂者，美盛德(de)之形容(rong)，以其成功，告於神明者也。

[疏]“颂者”至“神明者”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：上解(jie)风、雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，风、雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此又解(jie)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名、颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)体。上文(wen)(wen)因变风、变雅(ya)(ya)作(zuo)矣(yi)，即说风、雅(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风”，“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)结上文(wen)(wen)。此上未(wei)有颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，文(wen)(wen)无所(suo)(suo)结，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，美(mei)(mei)盛德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)容(rong)(rong)”，明训(xun)“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)”为“容(rong)(rong)”，解(jie)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)成功(gong)(gong)(gong)，告於(wu)(wu)神明”，解(jie)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)体也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上言(yan)“雅(ya)(ya)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，此亦当云(yun)“颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，容(rong)(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)雅(ya)(ya)已备(bei)文(wen)(wen)，此亦从(cong)可知，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易》称“圣人拟诸(zhu)形(xing)容(rong)(rong)，象其(qi)物宜”，则(ze)形(xing)容(rong)(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓形(xing)状(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)貌也(ye)(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)美(mei)(mei)盛德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)容(rong)(rong)，则(ze)天子(zi)政(zheng)教有形(xing)容(rong)(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。可美(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)容(rong)(rong)，正谓道教周(zhou)(zhou)备(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)谱》云(yun)：“天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)，光被四(si)表，格(ge)于上下(xia)，无不(bu)覆焘，无不(bu)持载。”此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓容(rong)(rong)，其(qi)意(yi)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“成功(gong)(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，营(ying)造之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)毕也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)营(ying)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)命(ming)圣，圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)营(ying)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)任(ren)贤，贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)营(ying)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)养民(min)(min)(min)。民(min)(min)(min)安(an)而财丰，众和而事节，如(ru)是则(ze)司牧(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)毕矣(yi)。干戈既戢，夷狄来(lai)宾(bin)，嘉瑞(rui)悉(xi)臻(zhen)，远迩咸(xian)服，群(qun)生(sheng)尽(jin)遂其(qi)性，万物各(ge)得其(qi)所(suo)(suo)，即是成功(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验也(ye)(ye)(ye)。万物本於(wu)(wu)天人本於(wu)(wu)祖，天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牧(mu)民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)成业(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)(min)(min)安(an)业(ye)就(jiu)，须告神使(shi)知，虽社(she)稷山川四(si)岳河(he)海皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)为主，欲民(min)(min)(min)安(an)乐(le)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)诗歌其(qi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)，遍(bian)告神明，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)神恩也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)政(zheng)有兴废(fei)，未(wei)尝不(bu)祭(ji)群(qun)神，但(dan)(dan)政(zheng)未(wei)太(tai)平，则(ze)神无恩力，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)太(tai)平德(de)(de)洽，始(shi)报(bao)神功(gong)(gong)(gong)。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)诗直述(shu)(shu)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)，不(bu)言(yan)得神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力，但(dan)(dan)美(mei)(mei)其(qi)祭(ji)祀，是报(bao)德(de)(de)可知。此解(jie)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯《周(zhou)(zhou)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》耳(er)，其(qi)商(shang)、鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)则(ze)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)是矣(yi)。《商(shang)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》虽是祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，祭(ji)其(qi)先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)，述(shu)(shu)其(qi)生(sheng)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)，正是死后颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)德(de)(de)，非以(yi)(yi)(yi)成功(gong)(gong)(gong)告神，其(qi)体异(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鲁颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》主咏僖公功(gong)(gong)(gong)德(de)(de)才，如(ru)变风之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)耳(er)，又与《商(shang)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》异(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，美(mei)(mei)诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)陈鲁诗，鲁人不(bu)得作(zuo)风，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)得用天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)借天子(zi)美(mei)(mei)诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，改(gai)称为颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，非《周(zhou)(zhou)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)同(tong)有颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)名，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)取备(bei)三颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)耳(er)。置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《商(shang)颂(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)》前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)鲁是周(zhou)(zhou)宗(zong)亲同(tong)姓，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先前代(dai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

是(shi)谓(wei)四始，《诗》之至也。始者(zhe)，王道(dao)兴衰(shuai)之所由。

[疏]“是谓四始，诗之至也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：“四(si)始(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)答张逸云(yun)(yun)：“风也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，小雅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大(da)雅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，颂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人君(jun)(jun)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)，废(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)衰。”又(you)笺云(yun)(yun)：“始(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，王道兴(xing)(xing)(xing)衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)人君(jun)(jun)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)废(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)，故(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至”者(zhe)(zhe)，《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》理至极，尽於此(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序说《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》理既尽，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)纬·汎(fan)历枢(shu)》云(yun)(yun)：“《大(da)明(ming)》在(zai)(zai)亥，水(shui)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《四(si)牡》在(zai)(zai)寅，木始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《嘉鱼(yu)》在(zai)(zai)已，火始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《鸿雁(yan)》在(zai)(zai)申(shen)，金(jin)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”与此(ci)不同者(zhe)(zhe)，纬文因(yin)金(jin)木水(shui)火有(you)四(si)始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，以(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》文讬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)郑(zheng)作《六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)论》，引《春(chun)秋纬·演孔图》云(yun)(yun)：“《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》含(han)五际(ji)(ji)、六(liu)(liu)情”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)《汎(fan)历枢(shu)》云(yun)(yun)午(wu)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)革(ge)命，卯(mao)酉(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)改正。辰在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)门，出入(ru)候(hou)听。卯(mao)，《天(tian)(tian)保(bao)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。酉(you)(you)，《祈父(fu)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。午(wu)，《采(cai)芑》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亥，《大(da)明(ming)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)亥为(wei)(wei)革(ge)命，一际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；亥又(you)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)门出入(ru)候(hou)听，二际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；卯(mao)为(wei)(wei)阴阳交际(ji)(ji)，三际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；午(wu)为(wei)(wei)阳谢(xie)阴兴(xing)(xing)(xing)，四(si)际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；酉(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)阴盛阳微，五际(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其六(liu)(liu)情者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)《春(chun)秋》云(yun)(yun)“喜、怒、哀、乐(le)、好、恶”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》既含(han)此(ci)五际(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)情，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)於《六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)论》言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公。南，言化自北而南也。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，诸侯之风也，先王之所以教，故系之召公。自，从也。从北而南，谓其化从岐周被江汉之域也。先王，斥大王、王季。
　　○麟音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)吕辛(xin)反。趾音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)止。驺(zou)，本(ben)亦作ＺＺ，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)侧留反。召，本(ben)亦作邵(shao)，同(tong)，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)上照(zhao)反。后“召南”、“召公”皆(jie)同(tong)。岐音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其宜反，山名，或(huo)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)祇。被音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)皮(pi)寄(ji)反。“大王”音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)泰。

[疏]“然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公”至“系之召公”。正义曰：序因《关雎》是风化之始，遂因而申之，广论《诗》义《诗》理既尽，然后乃说《周南》、《召南》。然者，然上语；则者，则下事，因前起后之势也。然则《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，是王者之风，文王之所以教民也。王者必圣，周公圣人，故系之周公。不直名为“周”，而连言“南”者，言此文王之化，自北土而行於南方故也。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，是诸侯之风，先王大王、王季所以教化民也。诸侯必贤，召公贤人，故系之召公。不复言“南”，意与《周南》同也。《周南》言化，《召南》言德者，变文耳。上亦云“《关雎》，后妃之德”，是其通也。诸侯之风，言先王之所以教；王者之风，不言文王之所以教者，二《南》皆文王之化，不嫌非文王也。但文王所行，兼行先王之道，感文王之化为《周南》，感先王之化为《召南》，不言先王之教，无以知其然，故特著之也。此实文王之诗，而系之二公者，《志》张逸问：“王者之风，王者当在雅，在风何？”答曰：“文王以诸侯而有王者之化，述其本宜为风。”逸以文王称王，则诗当在雅，故问之。郑以此诗所述，述文王为诸侯时事，以有王者之化，故称王者之风，於时实是诸侯，诗人不为作雅。文王三分有二之化，故称“王者之风”，是其风者，王业基本。此述服事殷时王业基本之事，故云“述其本宜为风”也。化霑一国谓之为风，道被四方乃名为雅，文王才得六州，未能天下统一，虽则大於诸候，正是诸侯之大者耳。此二《南》之人犹以诸侯待之，为作风诗，不作雅体。体实是风，不得谓之为雅。文王末年，身实称王，又不可以《国风》之诗系之王身。名无所系，诗不可弃，因二公为王行化，是故系之二公。天子嫁女於诸侯，使诸侯为之主，亦此义也。其《鹿鸣》，文王诗人，本以天子待之作雅，非基本之事，故不为风也。若然，作王者之风，必感圣人之化，已知文王之圣，应知终必为王。不为作雅而作风者，诗者志也，各言其志。文王於时未称王号，或为作雅，或为作风，人志不同故也。
　　○笺“自从”至“王季”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《释(shi)诂(gu)》云：“从(cong)，自也(ye)(ye)。”反覆相训，是(shi)“自”得为“从(cong)”也(ye)(ye)。文王(wang)之(zhi)国(guo)在於(wu)(wu)岐周东北，近於(wu)(wu)纣都(dou)，西北迫(po)於(wu)(wu)戎(rong)狄(di)，故其风化(hua)南行也(ye)(ye)。《汉(han)广序》云“美化(hua)行乎江(jiang)(jiang)汉(han)之(zhi)域(yu)”，是(shi)从(cong)岐周被(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)汉(han)之(zhi)域(yu)也(ye)(ye)。太(tai)王(wang)始有王(wang)迹，周之(zhi)追谥(shi)，上至太(tai)王(wang)而已(yi)，故知先(xian)王(wang)斥太(tai)王(wang)、王(wang)季。

《周南》、《召南》，正始之道，王化之基，

[疏]“《周南》”至“之基”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：既言系之周、召(zhao)(zhao)，又总举二(er)《南(nan)》要(yao)义。《周南(nan)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)》二(er)十五篇(pian)之诗，皆是正(zheng)其初始之大(da)道，王(wang)(wang)业风化之基(ji)本也(ye)。高(gao)以下为基(ji)，远以近为始。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)正(zheng)其家而后及其国，是正(zheng)其始也(ye)。化南(nan)土以成王(wang)(wang)业，是王(wang)(wang)化之基(ji)也(ye)。季札(zha)见(jian)歌《周南(nan)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)》，曰：“始基(ji)之矣，犹未(wei)(wei)也(ye)。”服虔(qian)云(yun)：“未(wei)(wei)有《雅》、《颂》之成功(gong)。”亦谓二(er)《南(nan)》为王(wang)(wang)化基(ji)始，序意出于彼文(wen)也(ye)。

是以《关雎》乐得淑女以配君子，忧在进贤，不淫其色。哀窈窕，思贤才，而无伤善之心焉，是《关雎》之义也。“哀”盖字之误也，当为“衷”。“衷”谓中心恕之，无伤善之心，谓好逑也。
　　○淑，常六反(fan)(fan)，善(shan)也(ye)。哀，前儒并如字。《论语》云(yun)“哀而不伤”是(shi)也(ye)。郑氏改作“衷(zhong)”，竹(zhu)隆反(fan)(fan)。窈(yao)(yao)，乌了(le)反(fan)(fan)。窕(tiao)(tiao)，徒了(le)反(fan)(fan)。毛云(yun)：“窈(yao)(yao)窕(tiao)(tiao)，幽(you)闲也(ye)。”王肃云(yun)：“善(shan)心曰窈(yao)(yao)，善(shan)容(rong)曰窕(tiao)(tiao)。”恕音庶，本又作“念”。好，呼报反(fan)(fan)。逑音求。

[疏]“是以”至“之义也”。
　　○正义曰：上既总言二《南》，又说《关雎》篇义，覆述上后妃之德由，言二《南》皆是正始之道，先美家内之化。是以《关雎》之篇，说后妃心之所乐，乐得此贤善之女，以配己之君子；心之所忧，忧在进举贤女，不自淫恣其色；又哀伤处窈窕幽閒之女未得升进，思得贤才之人与之共事。君子劳神苦思，而无伤害善道之心，此是《关雎》诗篇之义也。毛意当然。定本“是《关雎》之义”，俗本“是”下有“以”者，误也。郑以“哀”为“衷”，言后妃衷心念恕在窈窕幽閒之善女，思使此女有贤才之行，欲令宫内和协而无伤害善人之心。馀与毛同。妇人谓夫为君子，上下之通名。乐得淑女，以配君子，言求美德善女，使为夫嫔御，与之共事文王，五章皆是也。女有美色，男子悦之，故经传之文通谓女人为色。淫者过也，过其度量谓之为淫。男过爱女谓淫女色，女过求宠是自淫其色。此言不淫其色者，谓后妃不淫恣已身之色。其者，其后妃也。妇德无厌，志不可满，凡有情欲，莫不妒忌。唯后妃之心，忧在进贤，贤人不进，以为己忧。不纵恣己色，以求专宠，此生民之难事，而后妃之性能然，所以歌美之也。毛以为哀窈窕之人与后妃同德者也，后妃以已则能配君子，彼独幽处未升，故哀念之也。既哀窈窕之未升，又思贤才之良质，欲进举之也。哀窈窕还是乐得淑女也，思贤才还是忧在进贤也，殷勤而说之也。指斥诗文则忧在进贤，下三章是也。不淫其色，首章上二句是也。此诗之作，主美后妃进贤，所以能进贤者，由不淫其色，故先言不淫其色。序论作者之意，主在进贤，故先云进贤，所以经序倒也。郑解哀字为异，其经亦与毛同。
　　○笺“哀盖”至“好逑”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求贤(xian)女，直思(si)念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，无哀(ai)(ai)伤(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事在其(qi)(qi)閒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)“锺鼓乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，“琴瑟(se)友之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得有悲哀(ai)(ai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“盖字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误”。笺所(suo)易字(zi)多矣，皆注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)当为某字(zi)。此(ci)在《诗》初，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)盖为疑辞。以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆仿此(ci)。衷与忠，字(zi)异(yi)(yi)而(er)义(yi)同(tong)，於文中(zhong)心(xin)为忠，如心(xin)为恕，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)恕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)念(nian)恕此(ci)窈窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，思(si)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有贤(xian)才(cai)，言不(bu)(bu)(bu)忌胜已(yi)(yi)而(er)害贤(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无伤(shang)(shang)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)伤(shang)(shang)害善(shan)人。经称众(zhong)妾(qie)有逑怨，欲令窈窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女和(he)谐，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相伤(shang)(shang)害，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)好(hao)逑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)“《关(guan)雎》乐(le)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)淫，哀(ai)(ai)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)(shang)”，即(ji)此(ci)序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《论语(yu)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“哀(ai)(ai)世夫妇不(bu)(bu)(bu)得此(ci)人，不(bu)(bu)(bu)为灭伤(shang)(shang)其(qi)(qi)爱(ai)。”此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为衷，彼(bi)仍以(yi)(yi)(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为义(yi)者，郑(zheng)答刘炎(yan)云(yun)(yun)：“《论语(yu)》注(zhu)人閒行(xing)久，义(yi)或宜(yi)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)复定，以(yi)(yi)(yi)遗后(hou)说(shuo)。”是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为疑，故(gu)(gu)两解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必知毛(mao)异(yi)(yi)於郑(zheng)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)诗出於毛(mao)氏，字(zi)与三家异(yi)(yi)者动(dong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)百数。此(ci)序(xu)是(shi)(shi)毛(mao)置篇端，若毛(mao)知其(qi)(qi)误，自当改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)须仍作哀(ai)(ai)字(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？毛(mao)无破字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，故(gu)(gu)知从哀(ai)(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。毛(mao)既以(yi)(yi)(yi)哀(ai)(ai)为义(yi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)义(yi)势皆异(yi)(yi)於郑(zheng)。思(si)贤(xian)才(cai)，谓(wei)思(si)贤(xian)才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)女也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无伤(shang)(shang)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，言其(qi)(qi)能使善(shan)道(dao)全(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庸人好(hao)贤(xian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)志有懈(xie)(xie)倦(juan)，中(zhong)道(dao)而(er)废则(ze)(ze)(ze)善(shan)心(xin)伤(shang)(shang)。后(hou)妃(fei)能寤寐(mei)而(er)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，反(fan)侧而(er)忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi)，未尝懈(xie)(xie)倦(juan)，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)善(shan)道(dao)必全(quan)，无伤(shang)(shang)缺(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)毛(mao)意无伤(shang)(shang)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，当谓(wei)三章是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)肃云(yun)(yun)：“哀(ai)(ai)窈窕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得，思(si)贤(xian)才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良质，无伤(shang)(shang)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)焉。若苟慕其(qi)(qi)色，则(ze)(ze)(ze)善(shan)心(xin)伤(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

关关雎鸠，在河之洲；兴也。关关，和声也。雎鸠，王雎也，鸟挚而有别。水中可居者曰洲。后妃说乐君子之德，无不和谐，又不淫其色，慎固幽深，若关雎之有别焉，然后可以风化天下。夫妇有别则父子亲，父子亲则君臣敬，君臣敬则朝廷正，朝廷正则王化成。笺云：挚之言至也，谓王雎之鸟，雌雄情意至然而有别。
　　○雎，七胥反。鸠，九尢反，鸟之有至别者。洲音州。兴，虚应反，沈许甑反。案：兴是譬谕之名，意有不尽，故题曰兴。他皆放此。挚本亦作鸷，音至。别，彼竭反，下同。说音悦。乐音洛。谐，户皆反。朝，直遥反。廷，徒佞反。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。窈窕，幽閒也。淑，善。逑，匹也。言后妃有关雎之德，是幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹。笺云：怨耦曰仇。言后妃之德和谐，则幽閒处深宫贞专之善女，能为君子和好众妾之怨者。言皆化后妃之德，不嫉妒，谓三夫人以下。
　　○好，毛如字，郑(zheng)呼报反(fan)。《兔(tu)罝(ju)》诗(shi)放(fang)此。逑(qiu)音求，毛云“匹也”，本亦作仇，音同(tong)。郑(zheng)云“怨耦曰仇”。閒音闲(xian)，下(xia)同(tong)。耦，五口反(fan)。能为，于伪反(fan)。嫉音疾(ji)，徐音自后皆同(tong)。妒，丁路反(fan)，以色曰妒。

[疏]“关关”至“好逑”。
　　○正义曰：毛以为关关然声音和美者，是雎鸠也。此雎鸠之鸟，虽雌雄情至，犹能自别，退在河中之洲，不乘匹而相随也，以兴情至，性行和谐者，是后妃也。后妃虽说乐君子，犹能不淫其色，退在深宫之中，不亵渎而相慢也。后妃既有是德，又不妒忌，思得淑女以配君子，故窈窕然处幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹也。以后妃不妒忌，可共以事夫，故言宜也。
　　○郑唯下二句为异，言幽閒之善女谓三夫人、九嫔，既化后妃，亦不妒忌，故为君子文王和好众妾之怨耦者，使皆说乐也。
　　○传“关关”至“王化成”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》云：“关关，雍雍，音声和也。”是关关为和声也。“雎鸠，王雎也”，《释鸟》文。郭璞曰：“雕类也。今江东呼之为鹗，好在江边沚中，亦食鱼。”陆机《疏》云：“雎鸠，大小如鸱，深目，目上骨露，幽州人谓之鹫。而扬雄、许慎皆曰白鷢，似鹰，尾上白。”定本云“鸟挚而有别”，谓鸟中雌雄情意至厚而犹能有别，故以兴后妃说乐君子情深，犹能不淫其色。传为“挚”字，实取至义，故笺云“挚之言至，王雎之鸟，雄雌情意至然而有别”，所以申成毛传也。俗本云“雎鸠，王雎之鸟”者，误也。“水中可居者曰洲”，《释水》文也。李巡曰：“四方皆有水，中央独可居。”《释水》又曰“小洲曰渚”，“小渚曰沚”，“小沚曰坻”。“江有渚”，传曰：“渚，小洲也。”《蒹葭》传、《谷风》笺并云“小渚曰沚”，皆依《尔雅》为说也。《采蘩》传曰：“沚，渚。”《凫鹥》传曰：“渚，沚。”互言以晓人也。《蒹葭》传文云：“坻，小渚也。”不言小沚者，沚、渚大小异名耳，坻亦小於渚，故举渚以言之。和谐者，心中和悦，志意谐適，每事皆然，故云“无不和谐”。又解以“在河之洲”为喻之意，言后妃虽悦乐君子，不淫其色，能谨慎贞固，居在幽閒深宫之内，不妄淫亵君子，若雎鸠之有别，故以兴焉。后妃之德能如是，然后可以风化天下，使夫妇有别。夫妇有别，则性纯子孝，故能父子亲也，孝子为臣必忠，故父子亲则君臣敬。君臣既敬，则朝廷自然严正。朝廷既正，则天下无犯非礼，故王化得成也。
　　○传“窈窕”至“好匹”。正义曰：窈窕者，谓淑女所居之宫形状窈窕然，故笺言幽閒深宫是也。传知然者，以其淑女已为善称，则窈窕宜为居处，故云幽閒，言其幽深而閒静也。扬雄云“善心为窈，善容为窕”者，非也。“逑，匹”，《释诂》文。孙炎云：“相求之匹。”《诗》本作逑，《尔雅》多作仇，字异音义同也。又曰“后妃有关雎之德，是幽閒贞专之善女，宜为君子之好匹”者，美后妃有思贤之心，故说贤女宜求之状，总言宜求为君子好匹，则总谓百二十人矣。
　　○笺“不嫉”至“以下”。
　　○正义曰：下笺(jian)“三(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、九(jiu)(jiu)嫔以(yi)(yi)下”，此(ci)(ci)直云“三(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)下”，然则(ze)(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)嫔以(yi)(yi)下总谓众(zhong)妾(qie)，三(san)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)下唯兼(jian)九(jiu)(jiu)嫔耳，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)淑女和好众(zhong)妾(qie)，据尊者，故(gu)唯指(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)嫔以(yi)(yi)上(shang)也(ye)。求菜论(lun)皆乐后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)兼(jian)言九(jiu)(jiu)嫔以(yi)(yi)下，总百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。若然，此(ci)(ci)众(zhong)妾(qie)谓世(shi)妇(fu)、女御(yu)也(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》注云：“世(shi)妇(fu)、女御(yu)不言数者，君(jun)子不苟於色，有妇(fu)德者充之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)则(ze)(ze)阙。”所以(yi)(yi)得(de)有怨(yuan)者，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)职卑德小，不能(neng)无(wu)怨(yuan)，故(gu)淑女和好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。见后妃(fei)(fei)和谐(xie)，能(neng)化群下，虽有小怨(yuan)，和好从化，亦所以(yi)(yi)明后妃(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)言百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者，《周(zhou)(zhou)南》王(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，以(yi)(yi)天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非其(qi)时即然也(ye)。何(he)者？文(wen)(wen)王(wang)为诸侯早矣(yi)，岂(qi)先无(wu)嫔妾(qie)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆须(xu)后妃(fei)(fei)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？且百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》始(shi)置，郑(zheng)於《檀弓》差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：帝(di)喾立四(si)妃(fei)(fei)，帝(di)尧(yao)因焉；舜不告而娶(qu)，不立正妃(fei)(fei)；夏增以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)女为十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，殷则(ze)(ze)增以(yi)(yi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，至周(zhou)(zhou)增以(yi)(yi)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。当殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，唯三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，况文(wen)(wen)王(wang)为诸侯世(shi)子，岂(qi)有百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)？

参差荇菜，左右流之；荇，接余也。流，求也。后妃有关雎之德，乃能共荇菜，备庶物，以事宗庙也。笺云：左右，助也。言后妃将共荇菜之菹，必有助而求之者。言三夫人、九嫔以下，皆乐后妃之乐。
　　○参，初金反。差，初宜反，又初佳反。荇，衡猛反，本亦作莕，沈有并反。左右，王申毛如字；郑上音佐，下音佑。“接余”音馀，本或作“菨荼”，非。共音恭，本或作供，下“共荇菜”并同。菹，阻鱼反，字又作菹。嫔，鼻申反，内官名。乐音洛，又音岳。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。寤，觉。寐，寝也。笺云：言后妃觉寐则常求此贤女，欲与之共已职也。
　　○寤，五路反(fan)。寐，莫利反(fan)。觉，音(yin)教(jiao)。

[疏]“参差”至“求之”。
　　○毛以为后妃性既和谐，堪居后职，当共荇菜以事宗庙。后妃言此参差然不齐之荇菜，须嫔妾左右佐助而求之。由此之故，思求淑女。窈窕然幽閒贞专之善女，后妃寤寐之时常求之也。
　　○郑以为夫人、九嫔既不妒忌世妇、女御，又无怨争，上下说乐，同化后妃，故於后妃将共参差之荇菜以事宗庙之时，则嫔、御之等皆竞佐助后妃而求之，言皆乐后妃之事。既言乐助后妃，然后倒本其事，后妃今日所以得佐助者，由此幽閒之善女未得之时，后妃於觉寐之中常求之，欲与之共己职事，故得之也。
　　○传“荇接”至“宗庙”。
　　○正义曰：《释草》云：“莕，接余，其叶符。”陆机《疏》云“接余，白茎，叶紫赤色，正员，径寸馀，浮在水上，根在水底，与水深浅等，大如钗股，上青下白，鬻其白茎，以苦酒浸之，肥美可案酒”是也。定本“荇，接余也”，俗本“荇”下有“菜”字，衍也。“流，求”，《释言》文也。所以论求菜事以美后妃者，以德不和谐，不当神明，则不能事宗庙。今后妃和谐，有关雎之德，乃能共荇菜，备庶物，以事宗庙也。案《天官·醢人》陈四豆之实，无荇菜者，以殷礼。诗咏时事，故有之。言“备庶物”者，以荇菜亦庶物之一，不谓今后妃尽备庶物也。《礼记·祭统》曰：“水草之菹，陆产之醢，小物备矣。三牲之俎，八簋之实，美物备矣。昆虫之异，草木之实，阴阳之物备矣。凡天之所生，地之所长，苟可荐者，莫不咸在，示尽物也。”是祭必备庶物也。此经序无言祭事，知事宗庙者，以言“左右流之”，助后妃求荇菜。若非祭菜，后不亲采。《采蘩》言夫人奉祭，明此亦祭也。
　　○笺“左右”至“之事”。
　　○正义曰：“左(zuo)右，助(zhu)也(ye)”，《释诂》文(wen)。此章未(wei)得荇菜，故(gu)助(zhu)而(er)求(qiu)之。既(ji)得，故(gu)四(si)章论“采之”。采之既(ji)得，故(gu)卒(zu)(zu)章言(yan)“择(ze)之”。皆(jie)是淑(shu)女(nv)助(zhu)后(hou)(hou)妃，故(gu)每云(yun)(yun)(yun)“左(zuo)右”。此章始求(qiu)，谓(wei)未(wei)当祭时，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“将共荇菜”。四(si)章“琴瑟(se)友之”，卒(zu)(zu)章“锺鼓乐(le)之”，皆(jie)谓(wei)祭时，故(gu)笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)“共荇菜之时”也(ye)。此云(yun)(yun)(yun)“助(zhu)而(er)求(qiu)之”，谓(wei)未(wei)祭时亦赞助(zhu)也(ye)，故(gu)《天(tian)官(guan)·九嫔(pin)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)(fan)(fan)祭祀，赞后(hou)(hou)荐，彻豆笾。”《世妇(fu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭之日，莅(li)陈女(nv)官(guan)之具，凡(fan)(fan)(fan)内羞(xiu)之物。”《女(nv)御(yu)职》曰：“凡(fan)(fan)(fan)祭祀，赞世妇(fu)。”《天(tian)官(guan)·序官(guan)》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夫人(ren)之於后(hou)(hou)，犹三公之於王，坐而(er)论妇(fu)礼，无官(guan)职之事(shi)。”明(ming)祭时皆(jie)在，故(gu)下章论祭时皆(jie)有淑(shu)女(nv)之文(wen)，明(ming)赞助(zhu)可(ke)知也(ye)。此九嫔(pin)以下兼世妇(fu)、女(nv)御(yu)也(ye)。言(yan)“皆(jie)乐(le)后(hou)(hou)妃之事(shi)”者，明(ming)既(ji)化其德(de)，又乐(le)其事(shi)，见后(hou)(hou)妃德(de)盛感深也(ye)。事(shi)者，荇菜之事(shi)也(ye)。事(shi)为劳务，尚(shang)能乐(le)之，况於其德(de)乎！

求之不得，寤寐思服；服，思之也。笺云：服，事也。求贤女而不得，觉寐则思己职事当谁与共之乎！悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。悠，思也。笺云：思之哉！思之哉！言已诚思之。卧而不周曰辗。
　　○悠音由。辗，本(ben)亦作(zuo)展(zhan)，哲善反，吕忱从车(che)、展(zhan)。郑云“不周曰(yue)辗”，注本(ben)或作(zuo)“卧(wo)而不周”者(zhe)，剩二字也(ye)。

[疏]“求之”至“反侧”。
　　○毛以为后妃求此贤女之不得，则觉寐之中服膺念虑而思之。又言后妃诚思此淑女哉！诚思此淑女哉！其思之时，则辗转而复反侧，思念之极深也。
　　○郑唯以服为事，求贤女而不得，觉寐则思已职事当谁与共之。馀同也。
　　○传“服，思之也”。
　　○正义曰：王肃云：“服膺思念之。”笺以《释诂》文“服，事也”，本求淑女为已职事，故易之也。
　　○笺“卧而不周曰辗”。
　　○正义曰：《书传》曰“帝犹(you)反(fan)(fan)(fan)侧(ce)(ce)晨兴”，则反(fan)(fan)(fan)侧(ce)(ce)亦卧(wo)而不正也(ye)。反(fan)(fan)(fan)侧(ce)(ce)既为(wei)一(yi)(yi)，则辗(zhan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)亦为(wei)一(yi)(yi)，俱(ju)为(wei)卧(wo)而不周(zhou)(zhou)矣。笺独以辗(zhan)为(wei)不周(zhou)(zhou)者，辨其难(nan)明(ming)，不嫌(xian)与转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)异(yi)也(ye)。《泽(ze)陂》云“辗(zhan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)伏枕(zhen)(zhen)”，伏枕(zhen)(zhen)，据(ju)身伏而不周(zhou)(zhou)，则辗(zhan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)同为(wei)不周(zhou)(zhou)，明(ming)矣。反(fan)(fan)(fan)侧(ce)(ce)犹(you)反(fan)(fan)(fan)覆，辗(zhan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)犹(you)婉转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，俱(ju)是(shi)回(hui)动，大(da)同小(xiao)异(yi)，故《何人斯》笺“反(fan)(fan)(fan)侧(ce)(ce)，辗(zhan)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)”是(shi)也(ye)。

参差荇(xing)(xing)菜，左右采(cai)之；笺云(yun)：言后妃既得荇(xing)(xing)菜，必有助(zhu)而采(cai)之者。窈(yao)窕淑女(nv)，琴(qin)瑟(se)友之。宜以琴(qin)瑟(se)友乐之。笺云(yun)：同志为友。言贤女(nv)之助(zhu)后妃共荇(xing)(xing)菜，其情意乃与(yu)琴(qin)瑟(se)之志同，共荇(xing)(xing)菜之时，乐必作。

[疏]“参差”至“友之”。
　　○毛以为后妃本已求淑女之意，言既求得参差之荇菜，须左右佐助而采之，故所以求淑女也，故思念此处窈窕然幽閒之善女，若来，则琴瑟友而乐之。思设乐以待之，亲之至也。
　　○郑以为后妃化感群下，既求得之，又乐助采之。言参差之荇菜求之既得，诸嫔御之等皆乐左右助而采之，既化后妃，莫不和亲，故当共荇菜之时，作此琴瑟之乐，乐此窈窕之淑女。其情性之和，上下相亲，与琴瑟之音宫商相应无异，若与琴瑟为友然，共之同志，故云琴瑟友之。
　　○传“宜以琴瑟友乐之”。
　　○正义曰：此称后妃之意。后妃言已思此淑女，若来，已宜以琴瑟友而乐之。言友者，亲之如友。下传曰“德盛者宜有锺鼓之乐”，与此章互言也。明淑女若来，琴瑟锺鼓并有，故此传并云“友乐之”，亦逆取下章之意也。以乐有二等，相分以著义。琴瑟，乐之细者，先言之，见其和亲。锺鼓，乐之大者，故卒章言之，显其德盛。毛氏於序不破“哀”字，则此诗所言，思求淑女而未得也，若得，则设琴瑟锺鼓以乐此淑女。故孙毓述毛云：“思淑女之未得，以礼乐友乐之。”是思之而未致，乐为淑女设也。知非祭时设乐者，若在祭时，则乐为祭设，何言德盛？设女德不盛，岂祭无乐乎？又琴瑟乐神，何言友乐也？岂得以祭时之乐，友乐淑女乎？以此知毛意思淑女未得，假设之�Z也。
　　○笺“同志为友”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)朋(peng)友(you)，执(zhi)志(zhi)协同(tong)。今淑(shu)女来之(zhi)(zhi)，雍穆如琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)之(zhi)(zhi)声和(he)，二者志(zhi)同(tong)，似於人(ren)友(you)，故曰(yue)“同(tong)志(zhi)为友(you)”。琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)与锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓同(tong)为祭(ji)时，但此章言采之(zhi)(zhi)，故以(yi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)为友(you)以(yi)韵(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)；卒章云芼，故以(yi)锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓为乐(le)(le)(le)以(yi)韵(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)，俱祭(ji)时所用，而分为二等耳。此笺“乐(le)(le)(le)必作”，兼下(xia)锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓也。下(xia)笺“琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)在堂”，亦取此云“琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)”，言淑(shu)女以(yi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)为友(you)。下(xia)云“锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)”，共荇菜之(zhi)(zhi)事，为锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓乐(le)(le)(le)淑(shu)女。二文(wen)(wen)不同(tong)者，因事异而变其文(wen)(wen)。以(yi)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)瑟(se)(se)(se)相和(he)，似人(ren)情志(zhi)，故以(yi)友(you)言之(zhi)(zhi)；锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓铿(keng)宏，非情志(zhi)可比，故以(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)言之(zhi)(zhi)，见祭(ji)时淑(shu)女情志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)和(he)，而因听祭(ji)乐(le)(le)(le)也。

参差荇菜，左右芼之；芼，择也。笺云：后妃既得荇菜，必有助而择之者。
　　○芼，毛报反(fan)。

[疏]传“芼，择也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《释言》云(yun)：“芼(mao)(mao)，搴(qian)(qian)也。”孙炎曰(yue)：“皆择菜(cai)也。”某(mou)氏曰(yue)：“搴(qian)(qian)犹拔也。”郭璞曰(yue)：“拔取(qu)菜(cai)也。”以搴(qian)(qian)是(shi)拔之(zhi)义。《史记》云(yun)“斩(zhan)将搴(qian)(qian)旗”，谓(wei)拔取(qu)敌人之(zhi)旗也。芼(mao)(mao)训为(wei)“拔”，而此云(yun)“芼(mao)(mao)之(zhi)”，故(gu)知拔菜(cai)而择之(zhi)也。

窈窕淑女，锺鼓乐之。德盛者宜有锺鼓之乐。笺云：琴瑟在堂，锺鼓在庭，言共荇菜之时！上下之乐皆作，盛其礼也。
　　○“乐之”音洛，又音岳。或云协韵，宜五教反。

[疏]笺“琴瑟”至“其礼”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：知“琴瑟在(zai)堂，锺(zhong)鼓(gu)在(zai)庭”者，《皋陶(tao)谟》云(yun)“琴瑟以咏，祖考来格(ge)”，乃云(yun)“下(xia)(xia)管鼗鼓(gu)”，明(ming)琴瑟在(zai)上，鼗鼓(gu)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)。《大射礼》颂锺(zhong)在(zai)西阶(jie)之西，笙锺(zhong)在(zai)东阶(jie)之东，是锺(zhong)鼓(gu)在(zai)庭也。此诗美后妃能(neng)化淑(shu)女，共(gong)乐(le)其事(shi)，既(ji)得荇菜(cai)以祭宗庙(miao)，上下(xia)(xia)乐(le)作，盛此淑(shu)女所共(gong)之礼也。乐(le)虽主神，因共(gong)荇菜(cai)，归美淑(shu)女耳。

《关雎》五(wu)章，章四(si)句。故言三章，一章章四(si)句，二章章八句。五(wu)章是郑所分，“故言”以下(xia)是毛公本(ben)意。后放此。

[疏]自(zi)(zi)古而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，与诗(shi)体(ti)俱兴(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)《那(nei)序》曰(yue)“得《商(shang)颂(song)(song)》十(shi)(shi)二(er)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)”，《东(dong)(dong)山序》曰(yue)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)完”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。《论(lun)语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《诗(shi)》三(san)(san)百，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蔽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)：‘思(si)无(wu)(wu)邪。’”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“思(si)无(wu)(wu)邪”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。《左(zuo)氏》曰(yue)“臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业在(zai)《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水》卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四言(yan)(yan)(yan)”，谓(wei)第四句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)告(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，及(ji)赵简(jian)子称(cheng)子大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)“遗我以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)”，皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。秦、汉(han)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来，众儒(ru)各(ge)为(wei)(wei)(wei)训(xun)(xun)诂，乃有(you)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)称(cheng)。《论(lun)语》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)‘我行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)野’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)必(bi)联字(zi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)局(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，联字(zi)分疆，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)局(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)明(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，总义(yi)(yi)(yi)包体(ti)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)情者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇(pian)(pian)(pian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)遍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)情铺，事(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)遍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用，或(huo)(huo)全取(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，“关(guan)关(guan)雎(ju)(ju)鸠(jiu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)(huo)假辞(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)助，者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、乎(hu)、而(er)(er)(er)(er)、只、且之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)联字(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)申志，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蹇而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会，故(gu)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，少不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)减二(er)，即“祈父”、“肇禋”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“绥(sui)万邦”、“娄丰(feng)年”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“关(guan)关(guan)雎(ju)(ju)鸠(jiu)”、“窈(yao)窕淑女”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“谁(shei)谓(wei)雀无(wu)(wu)角，何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)穿我屋(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先王受命”、“有(you)如召(zhao)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。七字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“如彼(bi)筑室於道谋”、“尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)琼华乎(hu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“十(shi)(shi)月(yue)蟋蟀入我床(chuang)下”、“我不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)效我友自(zi)(zi)逸”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)更不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)九字(zi)、十(shi)(shi)字(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。挚虞(yu)《流(liu)(liu)外(wai)论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)《诗(shi)》有(you)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“泂酌(zhuo)彼(bi)行潦挹彼(bi)注(zhu)兹”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。遍检(jian)诸本，皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)《泂酌(zhuo)》三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颜(yan)延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《诗(shi)》体(ti)本无(wu)(wu)九言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，将由声度阐缓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协金石，仲冶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，未(wei)可(ke)据(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，四言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)，唯(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)三(san)(san)七八者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，将由言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申情，唯(wei)变所(suo)(suo)適，播之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐器，俱得成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)体(ti)，必(bi)须依韵(yun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)乖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，古人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)韵(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协耳。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、兮、矣、也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，本取(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)辞(ci)，虽在(zai)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)处(chu)(chu)末者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆字(zi)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)韵(yun)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“左(zuo)右流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”、“寤寐求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)(shi)七兮”、“迨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吉兮”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。矣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“颜(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚矣”、“出(chu)自(zi)(zi)口(kou)矣”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，“何其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“必(bi)有(you)与也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《著》“俟我于(yu)著乎(hu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)”，《伐檀》“且涟猗”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，此(ci)等(deng)(deng)皆字(zi)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)韵(yun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)(ran)人(ren)(ren)(ren)志各(ge)异，作(zuo)诗(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，必(bi)须声韵(yun)谐(xie)和，曲应(ying)金石，亦(yi)有(you)即将助句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)声韵(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)“彼(bi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)哉(zai)(zai)，子曰(yue)何其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”，“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思(si)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)反，反是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思(si)，亦(yi)已焉(yan)哉(zai)(zai)”，“是(shi)(shi)(shi)究是(shi)(shi)(shi)图(tu)，亶其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)(ran)乎(hu)”，“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)虚(xu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)徐(xu)，既(ji)亟只且”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，积句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)限(xian)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)陈事(shi)(shi)(shi)，须有(you)多(duo)少章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)总一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)，必(bi)须意(yi)尽(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。累句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)，二(er)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《卢令》及(ji)《鱼丽》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《麟趾(zhi)》、《甘棠》、《驺(zou)虞(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《载芟(shan)》三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，《閟宫(gong)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)八句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，自(zi)(zi)外(wai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)，随章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)少。风、雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，少犹两(liang)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)，即《驺(zou)虞(yu)》、《渭阳》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。多(duo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)六以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，《正(zheng)月(yue)》、《桑柔》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯(wei)《周颂(song)(song)》三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，及(ji)《那(nei)》、《烈祖》、《玄(xuan)鸟》，皆一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)风、雅叙人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，刺过论(lun)功(gong)(gong)，志在(zai)匡救，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽(jin)，重(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申殷(yin)(yin)勤(qin)，故(gu)风、雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)无(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。颂(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，太(tai)平(ping)德(de)(de)(de)洽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)，述(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)神(shen)，直言(yan)(yan)(yan)写志，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)殷(yin)(yin)勤(qin)，故(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》美僖(xi)(xi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，非告(gao)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)，此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)论(lun)功(gong)(gong)颂(song)(song)德(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，亦(yi)殷(yin)(yin)勤(qin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)重(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽云(yun)(yun)(yun)盛德(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)(song)》实(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)制(zhi)，故(gu)颂(song)(song)体(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。高宗一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)《玄(xuan)鸟》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，《长发》、《殷(yin)(yin)武(wu)》重(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)(huo)诗(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)；或(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)丁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)，上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)汤，下又逾於鲁(lu)(lu)僖(xi)(xi)。论(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)於太(tai)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)；述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)於论(lun)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)。明(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)咏有(you)优劣。采(cai)立(li)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常厥(jue)体(ti)，或(huo)(huo)重(zhong)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)共述(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，《采(cai)蘋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)叠为(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，《甘棠》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)初同(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)末异，《东(dong)(dong)山》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)首(shou)异而(er)(er)(er)(er)末同(tong)(tong)(tong)，《汉(han)广》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)讫而(er)(er)(er)(er)更申，《既(ji)醉》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)；或(huo)(huo)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)重(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)别，《鸱鸮》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。《何草不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)黄(huang)》，随时而(er)(er)(er)(er)改色(se)；《文(wen)王有(you)声》，因事(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)变文(wen)；“采(cai)采(cai)芣苡”，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)再言(yan)(yan)(yan)；《宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初筵》，三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发。或(huo)(huo)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)有(you)数(shu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)众寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)；章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有(you)数(shu)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)字(zi)多(duo)少不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，皆由各(ge)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情，故(gu)体(ti)无(wu)(wu)恒式也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《东(dong)(dong)山·序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、二(er)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、三(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、四章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)末章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。及(ji)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)《七月(yue)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，又《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水》卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《东(dong)(dong)山》分别章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)意(yi)，从一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)终於四，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，终也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)终篇(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。终篇(pian)(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)初篇(pian)(pian)(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)矣，故(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)《礼记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《缁衣(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对首(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《武(wu)》唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)“作(zuo)《武(wu)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)‘耆定(ding)尔(er)功(gong)(gong)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)‘耆定(ding)尔(er)功(gong)(gong)’是(shi)(shi)(shi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《驺(zou)虞(yu)》，乐章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)，在(zai)《召(zhao)南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乘上(shang)《驺(zou)虞(yu)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“在(zai)《召(zhao)南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。定(ding)本章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在(zai)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)后。《六艺论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未(wei)有(you)若(ruo)今传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)训(xun)(xun)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”，明(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)训(xun)(xun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来，始辨章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。或(huo)(huo)毛氏即题，或(huo)(huo)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)，未(wei)能审也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

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