◎诗谱序
诗(shi)之兴也，谅不(bu)於上(shang)皇之世。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰：上(shang)(shang)皇(huang)(huang)谓(wei)(wei)伏牺，三皇(huang)(huang)之最先者，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之上(shang)(shang)皇(huang)(huang)。郑知(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)时(shi)信无诗者，上(shang)(shang)皇(huang)(huang)之时(shi)，举(ju)代淳朴，田渔而(er)食，与(yu)物未殊。居上(shang)(shang)者设(she)言(yan)而(er)莫违，在下者群居而(er)不乱(luan)，未有(you)礼(li)义之教，刑罚之威，为善则莫知(zhi)(zhi)其善，为恶则莫知(zhi)(zhi)其恶，其心既无所感，其志有(you)何可(ke)言(yan)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)尔时(shi)未有(you)诗咏。
大(da)庭、轩辕逮(dai)於高辛，其时(shi)有亡载籍，亦(yi)蔑云焉。
[疏]正义曰：郑注《中(zhong)候(hou)·敕(chi)省图(tu)》，以(yi)伏牺、女(nv)(nv)娲(wa)(wa)、神(shen)(shen)农(nong)三代(dai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三皇，以(yi)轩辕、少(shao)昊(hao)、高阳(yang)、高辛、陶(tao)唐、有(you)(you)(you)(you)虞六(liu)代(dai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五帝(di)。德合(he)(he)北辰者皆称(cheng)皇，感五帝(di)座星者皆称(cheng)帝(di)，故(gu)三皇三而(er)(er)(er)五帝(di)六(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)庭(ting)，神(shen)(shen)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号(hao)。大(da)庭(ting)、轩辕疑其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，大(da)庭(ting)以(yi)还，渐(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)器，乐(le)(le)(le)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)，逐人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)辞，则(ze)(ze)是为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian)，故(gu)疑有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)记·明堂位(wei)》曰：“土(tu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、蕢(kui)桴、苇籥，伊(yi)耆氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“伊(yi)耆氏，古(gu)(gu)天子号(hao)。”《礼(li)运(yun)》云(yun)(yun)：“夫礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，始诸饮(yin)食。蕢(kui)桴而(er)(er)(er)土(tu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)未有(you)(you)(you)(you)釜甑。”而(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)古(gu)(gu)谓(wei)神(shen)(shen)农(nong)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)：“伊(yi)耆氏始为(wei)(wei)(wei)蜡。”蜡者，为(wei)(wei)(wei)田报祭。案(an)《易·系(xi)辞》称(cheng)农(nong)始作耒(lei)耜以(yi)教天下(xia)，则(ze)(ze)田起(qi)神(shen)(shen)农(nong)矣(yi)。二者相(xiang)推，则(ze)(ze)伊(yi)耆、神(shen)(shen)农(nong)并(bing)(bing)与大(da)庭(ting)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一。大(da)庭(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器，黄帝(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《云(yun)(yun)门》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，至周(zhou)尚有(you)(you)(you)(you)《云(yun)(yun)门》，明其(qi)音(yin)(yin)声和集。既(ji)(ji)能和集，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)空(kong)弦，弦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)，即是诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但事不(bu)(bu)经见，故(gu)总为(wei)(wei)(wei)疑辞。案(an)《古(gu)(gu)史考(kao)》云(yun)(yun)“伏牺作瑟”，《明堂位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)“女(nv)(nv)娲(wa)(wa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笙簧(huang)”，则(ze)(ze)伏牺、女(nv)(nv)娲(wa)(wa)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)矣(yi)。郑既(ji)(ji)信伏牺无诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，又不(bu)(bu)疑女(nv)(nv)娲(wa)(wa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)大(da)庭(ting)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首者，原夫乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)起(qi)，发(fa)於人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)情，性(xing)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)，斯乃(nai)自然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)，故(gu)婴儿孩子则(ze)(ze)怀嬉戏抃跃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，玄鹤(he)苍(cang)鸾亦(yi)合(he)(he)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞节奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应，岂由(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)乃(nai)成乐(le)(le)(le)，乐(le)(le)(le)作而(er)(er)(er)必(bi)由(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)？然(ran)则(ze)(ze)上古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，徒有(you)(you)(you)(you)讴(ou)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)吟(yin)呼，纵令(ling)土(tu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、苇籥，必(bi)无文字雅颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。故(gu)伏牺作瑟，女(nv)(nv)娲(wa)(wa)笙簧(huang)，及蕢(kui)桴、土(tu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)因诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)咏。如此(ci)则(ze)(ze)时虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)，容(rong)或无诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。郑疑大(da)庭(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，正据(ju)后(hou)世渐(jian)文，故(gu)疑有(you)(you)(you)(you)尔，未必(bi)以(yi)土(tu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、苇籥遂(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。若然(ran)，《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)“情动於中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)形於言，言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足乃(nai)永歌(ge)(ge)(ge)嗟(jie)叹(tan)。声成文谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)”，是由(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)者。此(ci)据(ju)后(hou)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)，其(qi)上古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)如此(ci)。郑说既(ji)(ji)疑大(da)庭(ting)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)《六(liu)艺论(lun)·论(lun)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，弦歌(ge)(ge)(ge)讽谕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴，朴(po)略尚质，面(mian)称(cheng)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)谄，目谏(jian)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)谤，君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)如朋(peng)友然(ran)，在於恳诚而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。斯道(dao)稍衰，奸伪以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)，上下(xia)相(xiang)犯。及其(qi)制礼(li)，尊君(jun)卑臣(chen)(chen)，君(jun)道(dao)刚严，臣(chen)(chen)道(dao)柔顺，於是箴(zhen)(zhen)谏(jian)者希，情志不(bu)(bu)通，故(gu)作诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者以(yi)诵其(qi)美而(er)(er)(er)讥(ji)其(qi)过。”彼书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴既(ji)(ji)未有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，制礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)始有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者，《艺论(lun)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)今诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)用(yong)诵美讥(ji)过，故(gu)以(yi)制礼(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)限(xian)。此(ci)言有(you)(you)(you)(you)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian)，述情歌(ge)(ge)(ge)咏，未有(you)(you)(you)(you)箴(zhen)(zhen)谏(jian)，故(gu)疑大(da)庭(ting)以(yi)还。由(you)主意(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)异，故(gu)所(suo)称(cheng)不(bu)(bu)同。礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)与天地并(bing)(bing)矣(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)《艺论(lun)·论(lun)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“礼(li)其(qi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)起(qi)，盖与诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同时”，亦(yi)谓(wei)今时所(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，不(bu)(bu)言礼(li)起(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
《虞(yu)书》曰：“诗言志，歌永(yong)言，声依永(yong)，律和声。”然则《诗》之道(dao)放於此乎！
[疏]正义曰：《虞(yu)书》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《舜(shun)(shun)典(dian)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)见《古文尚书》，伏生以(yi)(yi)(yi)《舜(shun)(shun)典(dian)》合於(wu)《尧(yao)典(dian)》，故郑(zheng)(zheng)注在《尧(yao)典(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)。彼(bi)注云(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。永，长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，歌(ge)又所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)长言(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲(qu)折，又长言(yan)(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。声中律乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)和。”彼(bi)《舜(shun)(shun)典(dian)》命乐，已(yi)道(dao)(dao)歌(ge)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，经典(dian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，无(wu)先此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故言(yan)(yan)(yan)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“放(fang)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)乎”，犹言(yan)(yan)(yan)適於(wu)此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“放(fang)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)乎”，隐二年(nian)《公羊(yang)传》文。言(yan)(yan)(yan)放(fang)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)今(jin)(jin)诵美(mei)讥(ji)过之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)道(dao)(dao)始(shi)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)，非(fei)初(chu)(chu)(chu)作(zuo)讴(ou)歌(ge)始(shi)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《益稷》称舜(shun)(shun)云(yun)：“工(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)纳言(yan)(yan)(yan)，时而(er)(er)(er)飏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，格则(ze)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庸(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，否则(ze)威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼(bi)说舜(shun)(shun)诫(jie)(jie)群臣(chen)，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)规谏(jian)，舜(shun)(shun)时已(yi)然。大舜(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣，任贤使能，目(mu)谏(jian)面称，似无(wu)所(suo)(suo)忌。而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)“情(qing)(qing)志(zhi)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)，始(shi)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《六(liu)艺论(lun)》云(yun)情(qing)(qing)志(zhi)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)论(lun)，故云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)诵其(qi)美(mei)而(er)(er)(er)讥(ji)其(qi)过”。其(qi)唐虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)由情(qing)(qing)志(zhi)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)，直对面歌(ge)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)相诫(jie)(jie)勖(xu)，且为(wei)(wei)(wei)滥(lan)觞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐，与今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)一，故《皋陶(tao)谟》说皋陶(tao)与舜(shun)(shun)相答为(wei)(wei)(wei)歌(ge)，即是诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《虞(yu)书》所(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，虽是舜(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命夔(kui)，而(er)(er)(er)舜(shun)(shun)承(cheng)於(wu)尧(yao)，明尧(yao)已(yi)用(yong)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣，故《六(liu)艺论(lun)》云(yun)唐、虞(yu)始(shi)造(zao)其(qi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，至(zhi)周分为(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦指《尧(yao)典(dian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，谓(wei)造(zao)今(jin)(jin)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，非(fei)讴(ou)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)。讴(ou)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，则(ze)疑其(qi)起自大庭时矣。然讴(ou)歌(ge)自当久(jiu)远，其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未知何(he)代。虽於(wu)舜(shun)(shun)世(shi)始(shi)见诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)必不(bu)(bu)初(chu)(chu)(chu)起舜(shun)(shun)时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《内则(ze)》说负(fu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼云(yun)“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)负(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，注云(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)承(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《春秋说题辞》云(yun)：“在事为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未发(fa)为(wei)(wei)(wei)谋，恬澹为(wei)(wei)(wei)心，思虑(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)。诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，志(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)纬·含神(shen)务》云(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，持也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然则(ze)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有三训(xun)(xun)，承(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、志(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、持也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)承(cheng)君政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善恶，述(shu)己志(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)持人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行，使不(bu)(bu)失队，故一名(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)三训(xun)(xun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
有夏承之，篇章泯弃(qi)，靡有孑遗。
[疏]正义曰：夏(xia)承虞(yu)后(hou)，必(bi)有(you)诗矣。但篇章(zhang)绝(jue)灭，无(wu)有(you)孑然而(er)得遗馀。此夏(xia)之(zhi)篇章(zhang)不知何时灭也。有(you)《商颂》而(er)无(wu)夏(xia)颂，盖周室(shi)之(zhi)初世记录不得。
迩及(ji)商王，不风不雅(ya)。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰(yue)：汤(tang)以诸侯行化，卒为天子。《商(shang)(shang)颂》成汤(tang)“命於下国(guo)，封建厥福”，明(ming)其(qi)政教渐兴(xing)，亦有风、雅。商(shang)(shang)、周相接，年月未多，今无商(shang)(shang)风、雅，唯有其(qi)颂，是周世弃而(er)不(bu)录，故云“近及商(shang)(shang)王，不(bu)风不(bu)雅”，言有而(er)不(bu)取之。
何者(zhe)(zhe)？论功颂德所(suo)以将顺其美(mei)，剌过(guo)讥失(shi)所(suo)以匡救其恶，各於其党，则为(wei)法者(zhe)(zhe)彰显，为(wei)戒者(zhe)(zhe)著明。
[疏]正义曰：此论周室不存商之风、雅之意。风、雅之诗，止有论功颂德、剌过讥失之二事耳。党谓族亲。此二事各於己之族亲，周人自录周之风、雅，则法足彰显，戒足著明，不假复录先代之风、雅也。颂则前代至美之诗，敬先代，故录之。
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周(zhou)自后稷播种百(bai)穀，黎民(min)阻饥，兹(zi)时乃粒，自传(chuan)於此名(ming)也(ye)。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰(yue)：自此(ci)下(xia)至(zhi)“诗(shi)之(zhi)正(zheng)经”，说(shuo)周有(you)正(zheng)诗(shi)之(zhi)由。言(yan)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)种百(bai)穀(gu)之(zhi)时(shi)，众人(ren)皆(jie)厄於(wu)饥，此(ci)时(shi)乃得(de)粒食。后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)有(you)此(ci)大功，称闻不朽，是后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)自彼尧时(shi)流传於(wu)此(ci)后(hou)(hou)世之(zhi)名也。《尧典》说(shuo)舜命后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)云：“帝(di)曰(yue)：‘弃，黎民(min)阻饥，汝后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)，播(bo)时(shi)百(bai)穀(gu)。’”《皋陶(tao)谟》称禹曰(yue)：予“暨稷(ji)(ji)播(bo)，奏庶艰(jian)食、鲜食，烝民(min)乃粒”。是其(qi)文也。
陶唐之末，中叶公(gong)刘亦世(shi)脩其业(ye)，以明(ming)民共财。
[疏]正义曰：公(gong)刘者，后(hou)稷之(zhi)曾孙，当夏时(shi)为诸侯。以后(hou)稷当唐之(zhi)时(shi)，故(gu)继唐言(yan)之(zhi)也。中(zhong)(zhong)叶(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)世(shi)。后(hou)稷至於(wu)大王，公(gong)刘居(ju)其中(zhong)(zhong)。《商颂(song)》云“昔在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)叶(ye)”，亦谓(wei)(wei)自契至汤(tang)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)也。《祭(ji)法》云“黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)正名百(bai)物，以明(ming)民共财”。明(ming)民，谓(wei)(wei)使(shi)衣服有(you)章。共财，谓(wei)(wei)使(shi)之(zhi)同有(you)财用(yong)。公(gong)刘在(zai)豳(bin)教民，使(shi)上(shang)下有(you)章，财用(yong)不乏，故(gu)引(yin)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)之(zhi)事(shi)以言(yan)之(zhi)。
至於(wu)大王、王季(ji)，克堪顾天。
[疏]正义曰：此《尚书·多方》，说天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)纣(zhou)恶(e)，更求人主之意，云：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)惟求尔(er)多方，大(da)动以(yi)威，开(kai)厥顾天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。惟尔(er)多方，罔堪顾之。惟我(wo)周(zhou)王，克堪用德，惟典神天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”注云：顾由视(shi)念(nian)也。其意言天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下灾异之威，动天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下之心(xin)，开(kai)其能为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)视(shi)念(nian)者。众国(guo)无堪为(wei)之，惟我(wo)周(zhou)能堪之。彼言文王、武王能顾天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)耳(er)。大(da)王、王季为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)所祐，已有王迹(ji)，是能顾天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也。
文、武(wu)之德，光熙前绪，以集大命於厥身，遂为天下父母(mu)，使民有政有居(ju)。
[疏]正义曰(yue)：《泰誓(shi)》说武王伐纣，众咸曰(yue)孜孜无(wu)怠，天将有立父母，民之(zhi)有政有居。言民得圣人为父母，必将有明政，有安居。文、武道同，故并言之(zhi)。
其时《诗(shi)》，风有《周南》、《召(zhao)南》，雅有《鹿鸣》、《文王(wang)》之(zhi)属。
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰：此总言文(wen)、武之(zhi)诗(shi)皆述文(wen)、武之(zhi)政，未必皆文(wen)、武时(shi)作(zuo)也，故《文(wen)王》、《大明》之(zhi)等，检其文(wen)，皆成王时(shi)作(zuo)。
及成王，周公致大平，制礼作乐，而有颂(song)声兴焉(yan)，盛(sheng)之至也。
[疏]正义曰：时当成王(wang)，功(gong)由周(zhou)公，故(gu)《谱》说成王(wang)之诗(shi)皆(jie)并(bing)举周(zhou)公为文(wen)。制(zhi)礼(li)作(zuo)乐(le)，大平(ping)无为，故(gu)与大平(ping)连(lian)言。颂声之兴(xing)，不皆(jie)在制(zhi)礼(li)之后也。故(gu)《春官·乐(le)师职》云(yun)：“及彻，帅(shuai)学士(shi)而歌彻。”玄谓彻者，歌《雍》也。是颂诗(shi)之作(zuo)，有在制(zhi)礼(li)前者也。
本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)由此(ci)风、雅而来(lai)，故皆录之(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)正经(jing)。
[疏(shu)]正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰：此(ci)(ci)(ci)解周(zhou)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)并录(lu)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。以(yi)《周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)》、《召南(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)，是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)本，《鹿鸣》、《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，初(chu)(chu)兴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政教。今有(you)(you)颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)功，由彼风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)(er)就，据成(cheng)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂，本而(er)(er)(er)原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)颂乃由此(ci)(ci)(ci)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)(er)来，故皆录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)经。以(yi)道衰乃作者(zhe)(zhe)，名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“变(bian)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)等正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)，昔武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)采(cai)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，乃成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)，於(wu)(wu)时国(guo)史自(zi)定(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)篇(pian)，属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)师，以(yi)为(wei)常(chang)(chang)乐(le)，非(fei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)有(you)(you)去取(qu)也(ye)。《仪礼(li)·乡饮(yin)酒》“工歌(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》、《四牡》、《皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)》”，“笙入奏《南(nan)(nan)(nan)陔》、《白华(hua)》、《华(hua)黍》”，“閒歌(ge)(ge)《鱼(yu)丽》，笙《由庚(geng)》，歌(ge)(ge)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)嘉鱼(yu)》，笙《崇丘》，歌(ge)(ge)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)山(shan)有(you)(you)台》，笙《由仪》，合(he)乐(le)《周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)·关雎》、《葛覃》、《卷(juan)耳》、《召南(nan)(nan)(nan)·鹊巢》、《采(cai)蘩》、《采(cai)蘋》”。《燕(yan)礼(li)》用乐(le)与《乡饮(yin)酒》文(wen)(wen)同(tong)，唯《采(cai)蘋》越《草(cao)虫》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀在(zai)於(wu)(wu)今《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》，悉皆次(ci)(ci)比。又《左(zuo)传》及(ji)《国(guo)语》称鲁(lu)(lu)叔孙(sun)穆子(zi)聘(pin)於(wu)(wu)晋，晋人为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)》、《大(da)明(ming)》、《绵》，又歌(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣》、《四牡》、《皇(huang)(huang)皇(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)华(hua)》，亦各取(qu)三篇(pian)，风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)异奏，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先自(zi)次(ci)(ci)比，非(fei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故《谱》於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)变(bian)风(feng)(feng)、变(bian)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)皆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)所定(ding)，故下文(wen)(wen)特言(yan)(yan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《春官·大(da)师职》郑司农注云(yun)：“古而(er)(er)(er)自(zi)有(you)(you)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)，故延(yan)陵(ling)季子(zi)观乐(le)於(wu)(wu)鲁(lu)(lu)，时孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)尚幼，未(wei)定(ding)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《书》，而(er)(er)(er)曰‘为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《邶》、《鄘》、《卫》’，曰：‘是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《卫风(feng)(feng)》乎(hu)’。又为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)小(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，又为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)颂。《论语》曰：‘吾自(zi)卫反鲁(lu)(lu)，然(ran)后(hou)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所。’时礼(li)乐(le)自(zi)诸侯(hou)出，颇有(you)(you)谬乱不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。”是(shi)司农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)亦与郑同(tong)，以(yi)为(wei)风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)先定(ding)，非(fei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。襄二十九(jiu)年《左(zuo)传》，服虔注云(yun)：“哀公十一(yi)年，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)自(zi)卫反鲁(lu)(lu)，然(ran)后(hou)乐(le)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所，距此(ci)(ci)(ci)六十一(yi)岁(sui)。当时雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂未(wei)定(ding)，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)小(xiao)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、大(da)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、颂者(zhe)(zhe)，传家据已定(ding)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)说非(fei)也(ye)。六诗(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)，见於(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)礼(li)》，岂(qi)由孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)始(shi)定(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)乎(hu)？《仪礼(li)》歌(ge)(ge)《召南(nan)(nan)(nan)》三篇(pian)，越《草(cao)虫》而(er)(er)(er)取(qu)《采(cai)蘋》，盖《采(cai)蘋》旧在(zai)《草(cao)虫》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)以(yi)后(hou)，简札(zha)始(shi)倒，或者(zhe)(zhe)《草(cao)虫》有(you)(you)忧(you)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，故不(bu)用为(wei)常(chang)(chang)乐(le)耳。
后(hou)(hou)王(wang)稍更陵(ling)迟，懿王(wang)始(shi)受谮亨齐(qi)哀(ai)公。夷身失礼(li)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，邶(bei)不尊贤。
[疏]正(zheng)义曰：自(zi)(zi)此以(yi)下，至“刺(ci)怨(yuan)相寻(xun)”，解变风、变雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)节。变风之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，齐(qi)(qi)、卫(wei)(wei)为先(xian)。齐(qi)(qi)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)当(dang)(dang)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，卫(wei)(wei)顷公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)当(dang)(dang)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，故先(xian)言此也。庄四年《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰：“齐(qi)(qi)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亨(heng)乎(hu)周(zhou)(zhou)，纪(ji)侯(hou)谮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”徐(xu)广以(yi)为周(zhou)(zhou)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亨(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)知懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者，以(yi)《齐(qi)(qi)世(shi)家》云“周(zhou)(zhou)亨(heng)哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而立(li)(li)其弟靖，为胡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”当(dang)(dang)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母弟山(shan)杀(sha)胡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而自(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)”。言夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，山(shan)杀(sha)胡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，则胡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)在夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)前矣。受谮亨(heng)人(ren)，是(shi)(shi)衰(shuai)闇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主。夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)上有(you)孝王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，《书传(chuan)》不言孝王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)大罪(zui)恶(e)。《周(zhou)(zhou)本纪(ji)》云：“懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)立(li)(li)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)遂衰(shuai)，诗(shi)人(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)刺(ci)。”是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai)自(zi)(zi)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)始，明懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受谮矣。《本纪(ji)》言诗(shi)人(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)刺(ci)，得(de)不以(yi)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)《鸡鸣》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)乎(hu)？是(shi)(shi)以(yi)知亨(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也。《卫(wei)(wei)世(shi)家》云：“贞伯卒，子(zi)顷侯(hou)立(li)(li)。顷侯(hou)厚赂周(zhou)(zhou)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命为卫(wei)(wei)侯(hou)。”是(shi)(shi)卫(wei)(wei)顷公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)当(dang)(dang)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)。《郊特(te)牲》云：“觐礼，天子(zi)不下堂(tang)而见诸侯(hou)。”下堂(tang)而见诸侯(hou)，天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失礼也，由夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)下，是(shi)(shi)夷(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)身失礼也。《柏(bo)舟(zhou)》言“仁而不遇”，是(shi)(shi)邶不尊(zun)贤也。
自是(shi)而下，厉也幽也，政(zheng)教尤衰，周室大坏，《十月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)》、《民劳(lao)》、《板(ban)》、《荡》勃尔(er)俱作。众国纷(fen)然，刺怨相寻。正义曰：大率变风之(zhi)(zhi)作，多(duo)在夷、厉之(zhi)(zhi)后，故云(yun)“众国纷(fen)然，刺怨相寻”。《击鼓(gu)序》云(yun)“怨州(zhou)吁(yu)”，怨亦剌之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，故连言之(zhi)(zhi)。五霸之(zhi)(zhi)末，上(shang)无天子，下无方伯，善(shan)者谁(shei)赏？恶者谁(shei)罚(fa)？纪(ji)纲绝矣。
[疏]正义(yi)曰(yue)：此言(yan)(yan)周室极(ji)衰之(zhi)后不(bu)(bu)(bu)复有诗之(zhi)意。“五(wu)(wu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”之(zhi)字(zi)，或作“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”。成二年(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传》云：“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)。”《中候》“霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)免”，注云：“霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)犹把也(ye)(ye)，把天(tian)子之(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)则言(yan)(yan)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)，长也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)与诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)长也(ye)(ye)。五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)，三代之(zhi)末，王(wang)政衰微，诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)强者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)把天(tian)子之(zhi)事，与诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)长，三代共有五(wu)(wu)人。服虔云：“五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，谓(wei)夏伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)昆(kun)吾(wu)，商(shang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)大彭(peng)、豕(shi)韦，周伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)齐(qi)(qi)桓(huan)、晋(jin)(jin)文也(ye)(ye)。”知者(zhe)(zhe)，《郑语》云：“祝融(rong)之(zhi)后，昆(kun)吾(wu)为(wei)夏伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)矣(yi)，大彭(peng)、豕(shi)韦为(wei)商(shang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)矣(yi)。”《论语》云：“管仲相(xiang)桓(huan)公，霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)。”昭(zhao)九年(nian)(nian)传云：“文之(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)之(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)。此言(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)之(zhi)末，正谓(wei)周代之(zhi)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)齐(qi)(qi)桓(huan)、晋(jin)(jin)文之(zhi)后，明(ming)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在夏、殷之(zhi)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)、晋(jin)(jin)最居(ju)其(qi)末，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)五(wu)(wu)霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)之(zhi)末耳(er)。僖元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)《公羊传》云：“上无(wu)(wu)天(tian)子，下(xia)无(wu)(wu)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，天(tian)下(xia)诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)有相(xiang)灭亡(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)，桓(huan)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)能救，则桓(huan)公耻之(zhi)。”是(shi)齐(qi)(qi)桓(huan)、晋(jin)(jin)文能赏善罚恶(e)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)后无(wu)(wu)复霸(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)君，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能赏罚，是(shi)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)纲纪绝矣(yi)。纵使作诗，终是(shi)无(wu)(wu)益，故(gu)(gu)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)复作诗，由(you)其(qi)王(wang)泽竭故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)制》云：“千里之(zhi)外，设方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)二百一(yi)十(shi)国以(yi)为(wei)州(zhou)，州(zhou)有伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。”是(shi)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)谓(wei)州(zhou)牧也(ye)(ye)。周之(zhi)州(zhou)长自(zi)名(ming)为(wei)牧，以(yi)其(qi)长於一(yi)方(fang)，故(gu)(gu)《公羊》称为(wei)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。言(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)天(tian)子，无(wu)(wu)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)贤(xian)明(ming)耳(er)。
故孔子(zi)录懿王(wang)、夷王(wang)时诗，讫(qi)於陈灵公(gong)淫乱之事，谓之变(bian)风、变(bian)雅。
[疏]正义(yi)曰：懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)时诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《齐风(feng)(feng)》是也(ye)(ye)。夷王(wang)(wang)(wang)时诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《邶风(feng)(feng)》是也(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)(chen)灵(ling)公，鲁宣(xuan)公十年为(wei)(wei)其(qi)臣(chen)夏(xia)(xia)徵舒所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)弑。变(bian)风(feng)(feng)齐、邶为(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)，陈(chen)(chen)最(zui)在后(hou)，变(bian)雅(ya)则(ze)(ze)处(chu)其(qi)閒，故(gu)郑举其(qi)终(zhong)始也(ye)(ye)。《史(shi)记·孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)世(shi)家》云(yun)(yun)：“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)馀篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，去其(qi)重，取(qu)其(qi)可(ke)施於礼义(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。”是《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如《史(shi)记》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)多(duo)矣(yi)。案《书传》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，见(jian)在者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)，亡逸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少，则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)录，不(bu)(bu)容十分去九。司马迁言(yan)古诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)馀篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，未(wei)可(ke)信也(ye)(ye)。据今者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及(ji)亡诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，凡有(you)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)一(yi)十一(yi)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，皆子(zi)夏(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)序(xu)(xu)，明是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)旧(jiu)定(ding)，而《史(shi)记》、《汉(han)书》云(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，阙其(qi)亡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)见(jian)在为(wei)(wei)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)。《乐纬·动声仪》《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)纬·含神务》《尚书·璿玑(ji)钤》皆云(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，汉(han)世(shi)毛学不(bu)(bu)行，三(san)(san)(san)家不(bu)(bu)见(jian)《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)序(xu)(xu)》，不(bu)(bu)知六篇(pian)(pian)(pian)亡失，谓其(qi)唯有(you)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。谶纬皆汉(han)世(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)，故(gu)言(yan)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五耳。此言(yan)“讫於陈(chen)(chen)灵(ling)”，则(ze)(ze)在鲁僖(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。《艺论》云(yun)(yun)：“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)录周(zhou)衰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌，及(ji)众国贤圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗风(feng)(feng)，自文王(wang)(wang)(wang)创基(ji)，至於鲁僖(xi)(xi)(xi)四百(bai)年间，凡取(qu)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian)，合为(wei)(wei)国风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)、颂(song)(song)。”唯言(yan)“至於鲁僖(xi)(xi)(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首君为(wei)(wei)文也(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)(chen)灵(ling)公非陈(chen)(chen)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，曹昭(zhao)公以(yi)(yi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)七年卒，即位在僖(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，故(gu)举鲁僖(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。《艺论》云(yun)(yun)“文王(wang)(wang)(wang)创基(ji)，至於鲁僖(xi)(xi)(xi)”，则(ze)(ze)《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)(song)》不(bu)(bu)在数(shu)矣(yi)。而以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)录，《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)(song)》则(ze)(ze)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)数(shu)先(xian)(xian)定(ding)，论录则(ze)(ze)独(du)举周(zhou)代，数(shu)篇(pian)(pian)(pian)则(ze)(ze)兼(jian)取(qu)商(shang)(shang)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而云(yun)(yun)“合为(wei)(wei)国风(feng)(feng)、雅(ya)、颂(song)(song)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦周(zhou)歌所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用，故(gu)得称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)刊(kan)定(ding)，则(ze)(ze)应先(xian)(xian)后(hou)依次，而《郑风(feng)(feng)·清(qing)人》是文公诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，处(chu)昭(zhao)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上；《卫(wei)风(feng)(feng)·伯兮》是宣(xuan)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，在惠(hui)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑答张逸云(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本无文字(zi)，后(hou)人不(bu)(bu)能尽得其(qi)次第，录者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)直录，存义(yi)而已。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，始颠倒杂乱(luan)耳。
以(yi)为勤民恤功(gong)，昭事上(shang)帝，则(ze)受颂声(sheng)，弘福如(ru)彼；若违而弗用，则(ze)被劫杀，大祸如(ru)此。吉(ji)凶之(zhi)所由，忧娱(yu)之(zhi)萌渐，昭昭在斯，足作后王之(zhi)鉴(jian)，於是止(zhi)矣。
[疏(shu)]正义曰：此(ci)(ci)言孔子录(lu)《诗(shi)》，唯(wei)取三(san)(san)百之(zhi)意(yi)。“弘福(fu)如彼”，谓如文(wen)、武、成王(wang)，世脩其(qi)德，致太平也(ye)(ye)。“大祸如此(ci)(ci)”，谓如厉、幽、陈(chen)灵，恶加(jia)於民，被放弑也(ye)(ye)。“违而不(bu)(bu)用”，谓不(bu)(bu)用《诗(shi)》义，则(ze)“勤(qin)民恤(xu)功(gong)，昭事上帝”是用《诗(shi)》义也(ye)(ye)。互言之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。用《诗(shi)》则(ze)吉(ji)，不(bu)(bu)用则(ze)凶。“吉(ji)凶之(zhi)所由(you)(you)”，谓由(you)(you)《诗(shi)》也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》之(zhi)规谏(jian)，皆(jie)防萌(meng)杜渐，用《诗(shi)》则(ze)乐，不(bu)(bu)用则(ze)忧，是为“忧娱之(zhi)萌(meng)渐”也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)二事皆(jie)明(ming)明(ming)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)，故唯(wei)录(lu)三(san)(san)百一十一篇，庶今之(zhi)明(ming)君良臣，欲崇德致治，克稽(ji)古於先(xian)(xian)代，视成败於行事。又疾时博士(shi)之(zhi)说(shuo)《诗(shi)》，既(ji)不(bu)(bu)精(jing)其(qi)研核，又不(bu)(bu)睹其(qi)终(zhong)始，讲於乡党无昭晳，陈(chen)於朝廷(ting)不(bu)(bu)焕炳，故将述其(qi)国土之(zhi)分，列其(qi)人之(zhi)先(xian)(xian)后。
夷、厉已上，岁数不明。太(tai)史《年表》自(zi)共和始(shi)，历宣(xuan)、幽(you)、平(ping)王而得(de)春秋(qiu)次第(di)，以立斯(si)《谱》。
[疏]正义曰：“自此已下(xia)，论(lun)作《谱(pu)(pu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。《本纪》夷(yi)王(wang)(wang)已上(shang)多(duo)不记在(zai)位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)“岁数不明”。《周(zhou)本纪》云(yun)：“厉王(wang)(wang)三(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，王(wang)(wang)益严。又(you)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，王(wang)(wang)出奔于彘。召公(gong)、周(zhou)公(gong)二(er)(er)相行政(zheng)，号曰共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)。”《十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)诸(zhu)侯(hou)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表》起(qi)自共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)岁鲁真公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，齐武公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，晋(jin)靖(jing)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)，秦仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，宋釐公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)，卫僖侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，陈幽公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，蔡(cai)武公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，曹夷(yi)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，郑则于时(shi)未封(feng)，是(shi)“太史《年(nian)(nian)(nian)表》自共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)始(shi)”也。又(you)案《本纪》“共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，厉王(wang)(wang)死於彘。宣王(wang)(wang)即位，四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)崩。子(zi)幽王(wang)(wang)立，十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)为(wei)犬(quan)戎所杀。子(zi)平王(wang)(wang)立，四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，当鲁隐公(gong)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”计共(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)距(ju)春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初一(yi)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)岁分明，故云(yun)“历宣、幽、平王(wang)(wang)而得春秋次第，以(yi)立斯《谱(pu)(pu)》”。郑於三(san)《礼》、《论(lun)语》为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作序，此《谱(pu)(pu)》亦是(shi)序类(lei)，避子(zi)夏序名(ming)，以(yi)其列诸(zhu)侯(hou)世(shi)及《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次，故名(ming)“谱(pu)(pu)”也。《易》有《序卦》，《书》有孔子(zi)作《序》，故郑避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“赞”。赞，明也，明己为(wei)注(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。此《诗》不谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“赞”，而谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谱(pu)(pu)”，谱(pu)(pu)者，普也，注(zhu)序世(shi)数，事得周(zhou)普，故《史记》谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谱(pu)(pu)牒”是(shi)也。
欲知源(yuan)流清浊之(zhi)所处(chu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)循其上下而(er)省之(zhi)；欲知风化芳臭气泽之(zhi)所及，则(ze)(ze)(ze)傍行(xing)而(er)观(guan)之(zhi)，此(ci)《诗》之(zhi)大纲也。举一纲而(er)万目张，解一卷而(er)众篇明，於(wu)力则(ze)(ze)(ze)鲜，於(wu)思(si)则(ze)(ze)(ze)寡，其诸君子(zi)亦有乐於(wu)是与。
[疏]正(zheng)义(yi)曰：此又总(zong)言为(wei)《谱》之(zhi)(zhi)理也(ye)(ye)。著(zhu)魏有俭啬之(zhi)(zhi)俗，唐有杀礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)，齐有太公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)，卫有康叔之(zhi)(zhi)烈。述其土地之(zhi)(zhi)宜，显(xian)其始封之(zhi)(zhi)主，省其上下，知(zhi)其众源所(suo)出，识其清(qing)浊(zhuo)也(ye)(ye)。属其美剌之(zhi)(zhi)诗，各当其君君之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)，傍观其诗，知(zhi)其风(feng)化(hua)(hua)得失，识其芳(fang)臭，皆以(yi)(yi)喻善恶耳。哀(ai)十四年(nian)《公(gong)羊(yang)传》说孔子“制《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，以(yi)(yi)俟后圣，以(yi)(yi)君子之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)，亦有乐乎此”，郑取(qu)彼意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
周南召南谱周、召者，《禹贡》雍州岐山之阳地名。
○正义曰：《禹贡·雍州》云“荆岐既旅”，是岐属雍州也。《绵》之篇说大王迁於周原，《閟宫》言大王居岐之阳，是周地在岐山之阳也。《孟子》云文王以百里而王，则周、召之地，共方百里，而皆名曰周，其召是周内之别名也。大王始居其地，至文王乃徙於丰。《周书》称王季宅程，《皇矣》说文王既伐密须，“度其鲜原，居岐之阳”，不出百里。则王季居程亦在岐南，程是周地之小别也。
○今属右扶风美阳县，地形险阻而原田肥美。
○正义曰：《汉书·地(di)理志(zhi)》右(you)扶风郡有(you)美阳(yang)县(xian)，《禹贡》岐山在西(xi)北(bei)，周(zhou)文王所居也。皇甫谧云：“今美阳(yang)西(xi)北(bei)有(you)岐城旧(jiu)趾(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也。本或(huo)作杜阳(yang)。”案《志(zhi)》扶风自别(bie)有(you)杜阳(yang)县(xian)，而岐山在美阳(yang)，不(bu)在杜阳(yang)。郑(zheng)於《禹贡》注云“岐山在扶风美阳(yang)西(xi)北(bei)”，则作“杜”者(zhe)误也。《皇矣》称“居岐之(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)，在渭之(zhi)(zhi)将”，是(shi)(shi)其处险阻也。《绵》云“周(zhou)原膴膴，堇荼(tu)如饴”，是(shi)(shi)地(di)肥(fei)美也。
周之先公曰大王者，避狄难，自豳始迁焉，而脩德建王业。商王帝乙之初，命其子王季为西伯。至纣，又命文王典治南国江、汉、汝旁之诸侯。
○正义曰：以帝乙，纣之父，准其年世，与王季同时。《旱麓》说大王、王季之事，云“瑟彼玉瓒，黄流在中”，言王季受玉瓒之赐也。《尚书》谓文王为西伯，当是继父之业，故知王季亦为西伯。殷之州长曰伯，谓为雍州伯也。《周礼》“八命作牧”，殷之州伯盖亦八命也。如《旱麓》传云：“九命然后锡以秬鬯圭瓒。”《孔丛》云：“羊容问於子思曰：‘古之帝王，中分天下，而二公治之，谓之二伯。周自后稷封为王者之后，大王、王季皆为诸侯，奚得为西伯乎？’子思曰：‘吾闻诸子夏云，殷王帝乙之时，王季以九命作伯於西，受圭瓒秬鬯之赐，故文王因之得专征伐。此诸侯为伯，犹周、召分陕。’”皇甫谧亦云：“王季於帝乙殷王之时赐九命为西长，始受圭瓒秬鬯。”皆以为王季受九命作东西大伯。郑不见《孔丛》之书，《旱麓》之笺不言九命，则以王季为州伯也。文王亦为州伯，故《西伯戡黎》注云：文王为雍州之伯，南兼梁、荆，“在西，故曰西伯”。文王之德优於王季，文王尚为州伯，明王季亦为州伯也。《楚辞·天问》曰：“伯昌号衰，秉鞭作牧。”王逸注云：“伯谓文王也。鞭以喻政。言纣号令既衰，文王执鞭持政为雍州牧。”《天问》，屈原所作，去圣未远，谓文王为牧，明非大伯也。所以不从毛说。言“至纣，又命文王”者，既已继父为州伯，又命之使兼治南国江、汉、汝旁之诸侯也。知者，以《汉广序》云“美化行乎江、汉之域”《汝坟序》云“汝坟之国，妇人能闵其君子”。文王三分天下而有其二，此诗犹美江、汉、汝坟，明是江、汉之滨先被文王之教。若非受纣之命，其化无由及之，明纣命之矣。江、汉之域即梁、荆二州，故《尚书》注云“南兼梁、荆”。其后化广民附，三分有二，不必皆纣命也。於时三分天下有其二，以服事殷，故雍、梁、荆、豫、徐、扬之人咸被其德而从之。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：既引(yin)《论(lun)语》三分(fen)有二(er)，故据(ju)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》州(zhou)(zhou)名指而(er)言之(zhi)(zhi)。雍、梁、荆(jing)、豫(yu)(yu)、徐、扬(yang)归文(wen)王(wang)，其(qi)(qi)馀冀(ji)、青(qing)、兖(yan)(yan)属(shu)纣，九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)而(er)有其(qi)(qi)六，是为(wei)三分(fen)有其(qi)(qi)二(er)也(ye)。《禹(yu)(yu)贡》九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)，夏时之(zhi)(zhi)制，於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)则(ze)(ze)《夏官·职方(fang)氏(shi)》辨九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)，有扬(yang)、荆(jing)、豫(yu)(yu)、青(qing)、兖(yan)(yan)、雍、幽(you)、冀(ji)、并(bing)，校(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》，无(wu)徐、梁，有幽(you)、并(bing)，故《地理志(zhi)》云“周(zhou)(zhou)监二(er)代而(er)损益之(zhi)(zhi)，改《禹(yu)(yu)贡》徐、梁二(er)州(zhou)(zhou)合之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)雍、青(qing)，分(fen)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)地以(yi)(yi)为(wei)幽(you)、并(bing)”，是其(qi)(qi)事也(ye)。《尔雅·释地》九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)名有冀(ji)、豫(yu)(yu)、雍、荆(jing)、扬(yang)、兖(yan)(yan)、徐、幽(you)、营(ying)。孙炎曰：“此(ci)盖殷制。《禹(yu)(yu)贡》有梁、青(qing)无(wu)幽(you)、营(ying)，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》有幽(you)、并(bing)无(wu)徐、营(ying)。”然则(ze)(ze)此(ci)说不(bu)同，不(bu)言殷、周(zhou)(zhou)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)，而(er)远指禹(yu)(yu)世者(zhe)(zhe)，孙炎以(yi)(yi)《尔雅》之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)与《禹(yu)(yu)贡》不(bu)同，於(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》又异，故疑为(wei)殷制耳(er)，亦(yi)无(wu)明文(wen)言殷改夏也(ye)。《地理志(zhi)》云“殷因於(wu)夏，无(wu)所变改”，班固不(bu)以(yi)(yi)《尔雅》为(wei)世法。又《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》冀(ji)、幽(you)、并(bing)，於(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》唯一州(zhou)(zhou)耳(er)，相率三分(fen)无(wu)一，故从岐(qi)而(er)横分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)。据(ju)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》正(zheng)经之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，取六州(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)三分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)，准(zhun)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》之(zhi)(zhi)境，论(lun)施化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)处，不(bu)言当时有此(ci)州(zhou)(zhou)名也(ye)。《序(xu)》言化(hua)自北(bei)而(er)南(nan)，则(ze)(ze)於(wu)岐(qi)东西之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)得有三分(fen)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)，岐(qi)於(wu)土中近北(bei)故也(ye)。
文王受命，作邑於丰，乃分岐邦。周、召之地，为周公旦、召公奭之采地，施先公之教於已所职之国。
○正义曰：“文王受命，作邑於丰”，《文王有声》之文也。《地理志》云：“京兆鄠县，丰水出其东南。”皇甫谧云：“丰在京兆鄠县东，丰水之西，文王自程徙此。”案《皇矣》篇云文王既伐密须，徙於鲜原，从鲜原徙丰。而谧云自程，非也。丰在岐山东南三百馀里，文王既迁於丰，而岐邦地空，故分赐二公以为采邑也。言分采地，当是中半，不知孰为东西。或以为东谓之周，西谓之召，事无所出，未可明也。知在居丰之后赐二公地者，以《泰誓》之篇，伐纣时事，已言周公曰。《乐记》说《大武》之乐，象伐纣之事，云“五成而分陕，周公左而召公右”，明知周、召二公并在文王时已受采矣。文王若未居丰，则岐邦自为都邑，不得分以赐人，明知分赐二公在作丰之后。且二《南》，文王之诗，而分系二公，若文王不赐采邑，不使行化，安得以诗系之？故知此时赐之采邑也。既以此诗系二公，明感二公之化，故知使“施先公之教於己所职之国”也。言“先公”者，大王、王季贤人，文王承其业，文王自有圣化，不必要用先公，但子当述父之事，取其宜者行之，以先公为辞耳。犹自兼行圣化，故有圣人之风。此独言“施先公之教”，明化己之可知，以《召南》有先公之教，故特言之耳。文王使二公施化早矣，非受采之后。於此言之者，明诗系二公之意也。言“己所职”者，指谓六州之人服从於己者。
○武王伐纣，定天下，巡守述职，陈诵诸国之诗，以观民风俗。六州者得二公之德教尤纯，故独录之，属之大师，分而国之。
○正义曰：宣十二年《左传》引《时迈》之诗云：“昔武王克商，而作颂曰：‘载戢干戈，载櫜弓矢。’”《时迈序》云“巡守”，则武王巡守矣。《王制》说巡守之礼，曰“命大师陈诗，以观民风俗”，故知武王巡守得二《南》之诗也。《谱》云“天子纳变雅，诸侯纳变风，其礼同”，则文王亦采诗。而必知武王始得之者，诸侯之纳变风，直欲观民之情，以知已政得失耳，非能别贤圣之异风，立一代之大典也。文王犹为诸侯，王业未定，必不得分定二《南》，故据武王言之耳。武王遍陈诸国之诗，非特六州而已。而此二《南》之风，独有二公之化，故知六州者得二公之德教风化尤最纯絜，故独取其诗，付属之於大师之官，使分而国之，为二国之风。以大师掌六诗之歌，达声乐之本，故知属之使分系也。
○其得圣人之化者谓之《周南》，得贤人之化者谓之《召南》，言二公之德教自岐而行於南国也。
○正义曰：文王将建王业，以诸侯而行王道，大王、王季是其祖、父，皆有仁贤之行，己之圣化未可尽行，乃取先公之教宜於今者与己圣化，使二公杂而施之。又六州之民，志性不等，或得圣人之化，或得贤人之化，由受教有精粗，故歌咏有等级。大师晓达声乐，妙识本源，分别所感，以为二国其得圣人之化者谓之《周南》，得贤人之化者谓之《召南》，解大师分作二《南》之意也。知有此理者，序云“《关雎》、《麟趾》之化，王者之风，故系之周公。《鹊巢》、《驺虞》之德，诸侯之风，故系之召公”。以圣人宜为天子，贤人宜作诸侯，言王者之风是得圣人之化也，言诸侯之风是得贤人之化也。以周公圣人，故以圣人之风系之，以召公贤人，故以贤人之风系之。以六州本得二公之教，因有天子之风义，一圣一贤，事尤相类，故系之二公。既分系二公，以优劣为次，先圣后贤，故先周后召也。不直称“周”、“召”，而连言“南”者，欲见行化之地。且作诗之处，若不言“南”，无以见斯义也。且直言“周”、“召”，嫌主美二公，此实文王之诗而系之二公，故周、召二国并皆云“南”，见所化之处，明其与诸国有异故也。此诗既继二公，即二公为其诗主，若有美二公，则各从其国，《甘棠》之在《召南》，是其事也。《周南》无美周公，或时不作，或录不得也。乃弃其馀，谓此为风之正经。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：武王遍(bian)陈诸国之诗(shi)，今唯二(er)《南》在矣，明是(shi)弃其馀也。
初，古公亶父聿来胥宇，爰及姜女。其后，大任思媚周姜，大似嗣徽音，历世有贤妃之助，以致其治。
○正义曰：此事皆在大雅也。郑言此者，以二国之诗以后妃夫人之德为首，《召南》夫人虽斥文王夫人，而先王夫人亦有是德，故引诗文以历言。文王刑于寡妻，至于兄弟，以御于家邦。
○正义曰：此《思齐》文也。言文王先化於妻，卒治家国。此明二国之诗先以后妃夫人为首之意。是故二国之诗以后妃夫人之德为首，终以《麟趾》、《驺虞》，言后妃夫人有斯德，兴助其君子，皆可以成功，至于获嘉瑞。
○正义曰：此(ci)(ci)(ci)论(lun)二(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)次比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，缘上事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)下势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)姒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)二(er)(er)名(ming)，各(ge)(ge)随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。礼，天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)曰后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)曰夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)；《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。直以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)感为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)，非(fei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)。有(you)陈(chen)(chen)圣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，虽受命(ming)(ming)前事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，犹称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。有(you)说贤(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，虽受命(ming)(ming)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，尚称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。二(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)别(bie)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，而(er)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不异(yi)文(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)首，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)变(bian)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，足(zu)知贤(xian)圣异(yi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，於(wu)(wu)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不假复异(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞(ci)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著义於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。圣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驭世(shi)(shi)，符瑞必臻，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)次《麟(lin)趾(zhi)(zhi)》、《驺(zou)虞(yu)》於(wu)(wu)末，欲见致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘉(jia)瑞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)实不致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，设(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)，各(ge)(ge)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志，《麟(lin)趾(zhi)(zhi)》、《关(guan)雎(ju)》、《驺(zou)虞(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》，未必一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《麟(lin)趾(zhi)(zhi)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)厚，《驺(zou)虞(yu)》叹(tan)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁心，自(zi)取兽名(ming)，别(bie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)兴喻，非(fei)叹(tan)瑞应(ying)(ying)，与(yu)前篇(pian)共相(xiang)终始(shi)。但君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，作(zuo)(zuo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可法(fa)，垂(chui)宪(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)昆，大(da)(da)师(shi)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)末，序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)申明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意，因言(yan)(yan)(yan)《关(guan)雎(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应(ying)(ying)，《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应(ying)(ying)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)本意不在於(wu)(wu)应(ying)(ying)，而(er)使诗(shi)(shi)有(you)龙凤(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)，亦将以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)应(ying)(ying)，非(fei)独麒麟(lin)、白虎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)答(da)(da)张逸云(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)承先公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业，积脩(xiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)美以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。能行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本，则(ze)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末应(ying)(ying)，既(ji)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)应(ying)(ying)，设(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不实致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)《谱(pu)》於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)略(lve)耳。而(er)二(er)(er)风(feng)大(da)(da)意，皆(jie)(jie)自(zi)近(jin)及(ji)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·关(guan)雎(ju)》至(zhi)《螽(zhong)斯》皆(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)身(shen)(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《桃夭(yao)》、《兔罝》、《芣苡》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)及(ji)，《汉广(guang)》、《汝坟》变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，见其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》、《采(cai)蘩》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，《草虫》、《采(cai)蘋(pin)》朝(chao)廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻，《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》、《行露(lu)》朝(chao)廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣，大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻与(yu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴类，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先於(wu)(wu)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)及(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《羔(gao)羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，言(yan)(yan)(yan)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，江、沱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒，亦言(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)(cha)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)率，自(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)差(cha)(cha)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》上八篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，《汉广(guang)》、《汝坟》言(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》上二(er)(er)篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，《羔(gao)羊(yang)》、《摽有(you)梅》、《江有(you)氾(fan)》、《驺(zou)虞(yu)》四篇(pian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)论(lun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)详於(wu)(wu)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》而(er)略(lve)於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，既(ji)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)详，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》於(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遂(sui)(sui)略(lve)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)多少不同者(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)由作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)别(bie)，又(you)(you)采(cai)得(de)多少不同。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·桃夭(yao)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·羔(gao)羊(yang)》云(yun)(yun)“《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·桃夭(yao)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上皆(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)身(shen)(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)与(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)接连，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)·羔(gao)羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前，非(fei)独夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)与(yu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不相(xiang)连接，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《桃夭(yao)》致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三篇(pian)有(you)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，《羔(gao)羊(yang)》致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)无夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)既(ji)详，於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遂(sui)(sui)略(lve)。致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，行化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)於(wu)(wu)己(ji)，自(zi)已(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。《草虫》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，非(fei)复夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《羔(gao)羊(yang)》，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，为(wei)(wei)(wei)《鹊(que)巢(chao)(chao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)《汉广(guang)》文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道被(bei)于南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)，亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《关(guan)雎(ju)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。序(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)风(feng)皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，太(tai)姒所(suo)赞。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《桃夭(yao)》至(zhi)《芣苡》三篇(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《汉广(guang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)差(cha)(cha)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《草虫》至(zhi)《行露(lu)》四篇(pian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《羔(gao)羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下差(cha)(cha)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。各(ge)(ge)举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，互相(xiang)发明(ming)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)《南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)。文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即位(wei)，至(zhi)受命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，已(yi)四十馀年，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盖亦早矣(yi)。郑(zheng)答(da)(da)张逸云(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)有(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，卒以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受命(ming)(ming)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)受命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前巳行王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)德(de)。当此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，诗(shi)(shi)巳作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)则(ze)？化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)於(wu)(wu)下则(ze)民(min)述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志，何(he)须待布王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)号(hao)然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)作(zuo)(zuo)歌。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)采(cai)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，二(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)已(yi)有(you)爵土，命(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，遂(sui)(sui)分系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)由二(er)(er)公(gong)(gong)有(you)土，此(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)(shi)始(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)》、《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)》二(er)(er)十五篇(pian)，唯《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》与(yu)《何(he)彼襛矣(yi)》二(er)(er)篇(pian)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)纣(zhou)(zhou)，乃(nai)封(feng)太(tai)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)，令周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)伯(bo)(bo)。而(er)《何(he)彼襛矣(yi)》经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子”，太(tai)公(gong)(gong)已(yi)封(feng)於(wu)(wu)齐(qi)，《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)”，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知二(er)(er)篇(pian)皆(jie)(jie)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)。非(fei)徒作(zuo)(zuo)在武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《行露(lu)》虽述(shu)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，与(yu)《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》异(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)。赵商谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同时(shi)(shi)(shi)，疑而(er)发问(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《志》“赵商问(wen)：‘《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》、《行露(lu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，美召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)当文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)纣(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，不审召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)何(he)得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)？’答(da)(da)曰：‘《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)自(zi)明(ming)，谁云(yun)(yun)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)纣(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)乎(hu)？’至(zhi)《行露(lu)》篇(pian)，笺义云(yun)(yun)‘衰乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)微，贞信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教兴’，若(ruo)当武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，被(bei)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)久(jiu)矣(yi)，衰乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俗(su)已(yi)销，安得(de)云(yun)(yun)微？云(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序(xu)义云(yun)(yun)‘召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)听讼’者(zhe)(zhe)，从后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)录(lu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)然”。而(er)郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)答(da)(da)，明(ming)《甘(gan)棠(tang)(tang)》笺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)云(yun)(yun)美其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，谓(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)篇(pian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，得(de)入(ru)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)(shi)系於(wu)(wu)召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诗(shi)(shi)主，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主美召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)，因即录(lu)於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，降尊(zun)適卑，不失妇道，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》多陈(chen)(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)伦，事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)相(xiang)类。又(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)贤(xian)女，《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》贤(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，又(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)在武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)，不可入(ru)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)圣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)《召(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
风之始，所以风化天下而正夫妇焉，故周公作乐，用之乡人焉，用之邦国焉。或谓之房中之乐者，后妃夫人侍御於其君子，女史歌之，以节义序故耳。
○正义曰：云(yun)(yun)言(yan)“或”者，道异说(shuo)也。郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)世有(you)(you)(you)为此(ci)(ci)(ci)说(shuo)者，故(gu)因(yin)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。二(er)《南》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)言(yan)后(hou)妃乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)得淑女，无嫉妒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，夫人德如鸣鸠，可以(yi)承奉祭(ji)祀，能使夫妇有(you)(you)(you)义，妻妾(qie)有(you)(you)(you)序(xu)。女史歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，风(feng)(feng)切(qie)后(hou)夫人，以(yi)节此(ci)(ci)(ci)义序(xu)，故(gu)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。《王风(feng)(feng)》云(yun)(yun)“君子(zi)阳(yang)(yang)阳(yang)(yang)，左执簧，右招我由房(fang)”，谓路(lu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)。以(yi)人君有(you)(you)(you)房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，则后(hou)夫人亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。以(yi)后(hou)夫人房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)《周(zhou)南》、《召南》，则人君房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)歌(ge)《周(zhou)南》、《召南》，故(gu)《谱(pu)》下文云(yun)(yun)路(lu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，“风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正经”也。天子(zi)歌(ge)《周(zhou)南》，诸侯歌(ge)《召南》，用(yong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)“或”说(shuo)为义也。后(hou)夫人用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)当然(ran)也。王肃云(yun)(yun)：“自《关雎》至(zhi)《芣(fou)苡(yi)》，后(hou)妃房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”肃以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)八篇(pian)皆述(shu)后(hou)妃身事，故(gu)为后(hou)妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。然(ran)则夫人房(fang)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，当用(yong)《鹊巢》、《采蘩》。郑无所说(shuo)，义亦(yi)(yi)(yi)或然(ran)。
射礼，天子以《驺虞》，诸侯以《貍首》，大夫以《采蘋》，士以《采蘩》为节。
○正义曰：在《召南》之篇，亦是用之於乐，故言之。《礼记·射义》有此。又彼注亦以为《驺虞》取其“一发五豝”，喻得贤者多；《貍首》取“小大莫处，御于君所”；《采蘋》取其循涧以采蘋，喻循法度，以成君事；《采蘩》取“夙夜在公”，各取其篇之义以为戒也。“为节”者，谓射之进退当乐节相应。彼每篇一言为节，此引之省文也。今无《貍首》，周衰，诸侯并僣而去之，孔子录诗不得也。为礼乐之记者，从后存之，遂不得其次序。
○正义(yi)曰：言(yan)此者，以(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)用四篇，而(er)三(san)篇皆在《召(zhao)南(nan)》，则(ze)(ze)《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》亦当在。今无(wu)其(qi)篇，故辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)所以(yi)(yi)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《大(da)射(she)(she)》注云(yun)(yun)：“貍(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)来(lai)也(ye)。其(qi)诗(shi)(shi)有射(she)(she)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)首(shou)不(bu)(bu)朝者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，因以(yi)(yi)名篇。后世失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”然则(ze)(ze)於时诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)肯朝事天子，恶其(qi)被(bei)射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，故弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。为(wei)礼乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)记(ji)者，正谓记(ji)作《射(she)(she)义(yi)》者，以(yi)(yi)《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》乐(le)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曲，故并乐(le)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《射(she)(she)义(yi)》注云(yun)(yun)：“《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》，逸诗(shi)(shi)，下云(yun)(yun)‘曾(ceng)孙侯(hou)氏(shi)’是也(ye)。”其(qi)下文(wen)云(yun)(yun)：“故诗(shi)(shi)曰：‘曾(ceng)孙侯(hou)氏(shi)，四正具举(ju)。大(da)夫君子，凡(fan)以(yi)(yi)庶士。小人(ren)莫处(chu)，御于君所。以(yi)(yi)燕(yan)以(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)，则(ze)(ze)燕(yan)则(ze)(ze)誉(yu)。’”谓此是《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》经文(wen)也(ye)。彼虽引(yin)诗(shi)(shi)，无(wu)“貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，郑知(zhi)(zhi)是《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》者，以(yi)(yi)彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)射(she)(she)法而(er)引(yin)此诗(shi)(shi)，其(qi)下又云(yun)(yun)：“君臣相与，尽(jin)志於射(she)(she)，以(yi)(yi)习礼乐(le)，则(ze)(ze)安则(ze)(ze)誉(yu)也(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)天子制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)务(wu)焉。”言(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)用为(wei)射(she)(she)节，知(zhi)(zhi)是《貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)。无(wu)“貍(li)(li)(li)(li)首(shou)”字者，略(lve)引(yin)其(qi)文(wen)，不(bu)(bu)尽(jin)其(qi)辞(ci)(ci)故也(ye)。
周公封鲁，死谥曰文公，召公封燕，死谥曰康公，元子世之。
○正义曰：周公封鲁，召公封燕，《史记》皆有《世家》言之。《周语》引《常棣》为周文公之诗，是周公谥曰文也。《公刘序》云“召康公戒成王”，是召公谥曰康也。《閟宫》云“建尔元子，乃命鲁公”，是元子世之也。《燕世家》云“自召公以下九世至惠公，当厉王之时”，则是失其世次，不得召公元子名谥，传国於后，是元子可知。其次子亦世守采地，在王官，春秋时周公、召公是也。
○正(zheng)义曰：僖九(jiu)年“公(gong)(gong)(gong)会宰周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)于葵丘”，文(wen)五年“召(zhao)(zhao)伯(bo)(bo)来会葬”，是春秋时(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、召(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。经传皆言(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，谓为(wei)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)知何(he)爵也(ye)。召(zhao)(zhao)称(cheng)伯(bo)(bo)，则伯(bo)(bo)爵，以《左传》多云召(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，故言(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。其(qi)旦(dan)与(yu)奭次子名谥，《书(shu)传》无(wu)文(wen)。平王以西(xi)都赐(ci)秦，则春秋时(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、召(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)别(bie)於东都受采，存(cun)本周(zhou)(zhou)、召(zhao)(zhao)之名也(ye)，非(fei)复(fu)岐周(zhou)(zhou)之地(di)。《晋书(shu)地(di)道记》云“河东郡(jun)垣县有召(zhao)(zhao)亭，周(zhou)(zhou)则未闻，今为(wei)召(zhao)(zhao)州”是也(ye)。左方无(wu)君世者，此因诗(shi)系二公(gong)(gong)(gong)，故终言(yan)之，其(qi)君世，《世家》亡灭，且(qie)非(fei)此所须故也(ye)。
问者曰：“《周南》、《召南》之诗，为风之正经则然矣。自此之后，南国诸侯政之兴衰，何以无变风？”答曰：“陈诸国之诗者，将以知其缺失，省方设教为黜陟。时徐及吴、楚僣号称王，不承天子之风，今弃其诗，夷狄之也。
○正义曰：以列国政衰，变风皆作，南国诸侯，其数多矣，不得全不作诗。今无其事，故问而释之。巡守陈诗者，观其国之风俗，故采取诗以为黜陟之渐。亦既僣号称王，不承天子威令，则不可黜陟，故不录其诗。吴、楚僣号称王，《春秋》多有其事。知徐亦僣者，《檀弓》云：“邾娄考公之丧，徐君使容居来吊，其辞云，昔我先君驹王”，是其僣称王也。其馀江、黄、六、蓼之属，既驱陷於彼俗，又亦小国，犹邾、滕、纪、莒之等，夷其诗，蔑而不得列於此。”
○正义曰：《春(chun)秋(qiu)》文(wen)四年，楚(chu)人灭江。僖十二年灭黄。文(wen)五年，楚(chu)灭六并蓼。终(zhong)为楚(chu)人所灭，是被其驱(qu)逼陷恶(e)俗(su)(su)也。既(ji)驱(qu)陷彼俗(su)(su)，亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)可黜陟，又且小国(guo)(guo)，政教狭陋，故(gu)夷(yi)其诗(shi)(shi)，轻蔑(mie)之(zhi)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)列於(wu)国(guo)(guo)风也。邾、滕、纪、莒，春(chun)秋(qiu)时(shi)小国(guo)(guo)，亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)录(lu)(lu)之(zhi)，非独(du)南方之(zhi)小国(guo)(guo)也。其魏与桧(gui)、曹(cao)，当时(shi)犹大於(wu)邾、莒，故(gu)得(de)录(lu)(lu)之(zhi)。春(chun)秋(qiu)时(shi)，燕、蔡(cai)之(zhi)属(shu)，国(guo)(guo)大而(er)无诗(shi)(shi)者，薛综(zong)答韦昭云：“或时(shi)不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)诗(shi)(shi)，或有而(er)不(bu)(bu)足录(lu)(lu)。”