卷四 四之二
◎郑缁衣(yi)诂训(xun)传第七
○陆曰：郑(zheng)者(zhe)，国名，周(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)母弟(di)桓公(gong)友(you)所(suo)封也。其(qi)地(di)，《诗谱》云：“宗周(zhou)圻(qi)内咸林(lin)之(zhi)地(di)，今京(jing)兆郑(zheng)县是其(qi)都也。”《汉书·地(di)理志》云“京(jing)兆郑(zheng)县，周(zhou)宣(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)弟(di)郑(zheng)桓公(gong)邑(yi)”，是也。至(zhi)桓公(gong)之(zhi)子武公(gong)滑(hua)突，随平王(wang)东迁，遂灭(mie)虢(guo)、郐而居之(zhi)，即史伯所(suo)云“十邑(yi)之(zhi)地(di)，右洛左济，前华后河，食溱、洧焉(yan)”。今河南(nan)(nan)新郑(zheng)是也，在荥阳宛陵(ling)县西南(nan)(nan)。
郑谱。初，宣王封母弟友於宗周畿内咸林之地，是为郑桓公，今京兆郑县是其都也。
○正义曰：《汉书·地理志》云：“本周宣王母弟友为周司徒，食采於宗周畿内，是为郑桓公。”郑据此为说也。《春秋》之例，母弟称弟，系兄为尊，以异於其馀公子。僖二十四年《左传》曰“郑有厉、宣之亲”，以厉王之子，而兼云宣王，明是其母弟也。服虔、杜预皆云“母弟”。《郑世家》云“宣王庶弟”，皇甫谧亦云“庶弟”。又《史记·年表》云：“郑桓公友，宣王母弟。”《世家》、《年表》同出马迁，而自乖异，是无明文可据也。《地理志》云“京兆郑县，周宣王母弟郑桓公邑”，是桓公封京兆郑县，故云京兆郑县是其都也。其地一曰咸林，故曰“咸林之地”。不先言郑国所在，而本宣王封母弟者，以郑因虢、郐之地而国之，而郐亦有诗，既谱郐事，然后谱郑，故先言有郑之由，而后说得郐之事。又云为幽王大司徒，甚得周众与东土之人，问於史伯曰：“王室多故，余惧及焉，其何所可以逃死？”
○正义(yi)曰：自此以(yi)下，尽“可以(yi)少固”，皆《郑语》文，谓得西周之(zhi)众，与(yu)东土(tu)河、洛(luo)之(zhi)人心也多(duo)，故谓多(duo)难(nan)，惧祸难(nan)及己也。
史伯曰：“其济、洛、河、颍之间乎？是其子、男之国，虢、郐为大。虢叔恃势，郐仲恃险，皆有骄侈怠慢之心，加之以贪冒，君若以周难之故，寄帑与贿，不敢不许，是骄而贪，必将背君。君以成周之众，奉辞罚罪，无不克矣。
○正义曰：谓济西、洛东、河南、颍北，是四水之间，其子、男之国有十，惟虢、郐为大。叔、仲皆当时二国之君字也。势谓地势阻固，险谓境多阨塞。若克二邑，鄢、蔽、补、丹、依、畴、历、华，君之土也。脩典刑以守之，惟是可以少固。
○正义曰(yue)：八国皆在四水之(zhi)(zhi)间，与虢(guo)、郐为(wei)邻。若(ruo)克虢(guo)、郐二(er)邑，则其(qi)馀八邑自(zi)然可(ke)灭，为(wei)君之(zhi)(zhi)土也。脩典(dian)法以(yi)守之(zhi)(zhi)，惟有(you)是处可(ke)以(yi)少固，馀方不可(ke)入也。虢(guo)、郐实(shi)国，而言(yan)邑者，以(yi)国邑相(xiang)对为(wei)异，散(san)则国亦为(wei)邑。《殷武》云(yun)“商邑翼(yi)翼(yi)”，《左传》每言(yan)“弊(bi)邑”者，皆公(gong)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)国而称邑也。
桓公从之，言：“然。”之后三年，幽王为犬戎所杀，桓公死之，其子武公与晋文侯定平王於东都王城。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)悦，乃东(dong)寄(ji)帑(tang)与(yu)(yu)贿，虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“幽王(wang)(wang)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)，桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒(tu)。”《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒(tu)一岁(sui)，问(wen)太(tai)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘王(wang)(wang)室多故(gu)(gu)，余安逃死(si)？’”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒(tu)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)乃问(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，至十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)幽王(wang)(wang)被杀(sha)(sha)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“犬戎杀(sha)(sha)幽王(wang)(wang)，并杀(sha)(sha)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)立其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)掘(jue)突，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”《地(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“幽王(wang)(wang)败(bai)，桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)平王(wang)(wang)东(dong)迁(qian)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。卒(zu)取(qu)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，右洛左(zuo)济，前华(hua)后(hou)河(he)，食(shi)溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)(wei)焉”。今河(he)南(nan)新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)信而(er)有(you)(you)徵。隐元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“制，岩邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，虢(guo)(guo)叔死(si)焉。”桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)有(you)(you)善於(wu)(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)，通乎夫人(ren)，以(yi)(yi)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)见(jian)处(chu)(chu)虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灭(mie)虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀八邑(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)(yi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)知(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卒(zu)取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”。案《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》：“史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，贪而(er)好利，百姓不附。今公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒(tu)，民(min)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)爱公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚请居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方用事，轻分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘善。’於(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)言(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，东(dong)徙其(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)於(wu)(wu)(wu)洛东(dong)，而(er)虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)果献十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，竟国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”如《世(shi)家(jia)(jia)》，则(ze)(ze)(ze)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)自取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)死(si)后(hou)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)者(zhe)，马迁(qian)见(jian)《国(guo)(guo)语》有(you)(you)史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谋取(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，不知(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)身未得，故(gu)(gu)傅会(hui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)说耳(er)。《外(wai)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)》“皆(jie)(jie)(jie)子(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)八邑(yi)(yi)(yi)各为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，无由得献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，明(ming)马迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说谬耳(er)。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)虽(sui)未得虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)，既寄(ji)帑(tang)贿，臣民(min)亦(yi)(yi)从而(er)寄(ji)焉，故(gu)(gu)昭十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》子(zi)(zi)产(chan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔(xi)我先君桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)商(shang)人(ren)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)自周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，庸(yong)次(ci)比(bi)耦以(yi)(yi)艾杀(sha)(sha)此(ci)(ci)地(di)，斩(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蓬、蒿、藜、翟而(er)共处(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)寄(ji)帑(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，商(shang)人(ren)亦(yi)(yi)从而(er)寄(ji)，至武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遂取(qu)而(er)与(yu)(yu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。史(shi)伯(bo)(bo)言(yan)(yan)“子(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大”，设(she)令十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)方百里(li)，开方除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尚三(san)百有(you)(you)馀。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)当侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)者(zhe)，《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》五等(deng)封疆(jiang)，言(yan)(yan)大法(fa)耳(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)土地(di)不可(ke)一如其(qi)(qi)(qi)制度。《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叙郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)邢侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，曹伯(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)许(xu)男(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑(bei)计其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“右洛左(zuo)济，前华(hua)后(hou)河(he)，食(shi)溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)(wei)焉”，亦(yi)(yi)《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。韦(wei)昭云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“华(hua)，华(hua)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。食(shi)，谓(wei)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)土而(er)食(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)水也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)谱(pu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)”，此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)(wei)焉”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)地(di)，故(gu)(gu)服虔(qian)(qian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，东(dong)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，古(gu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽(sui)处(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)，不居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)(dou)。僖三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》称文夫人(ren)葬(zang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)瑕於(wu)(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)。服虔(qian)(qian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，故(gu)(gu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟。”杜预云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)荥阳(yang)密县(xian)东(dong)北(bei)，新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)荥阳(yang)宛陵县(xian)西南(nan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)非(fei)(fei)(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)，故(gu)(gu)别有(you)(you)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若然(ran)，昭十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟”，《郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)谱(pu)》亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)(ze)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)同地(di)”，而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)非(fei)(fei)(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)者(zhe)，正以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)别有(you)(you)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，决知(zhi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)非(fei)(fei)(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但二城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不甚相远，故(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)言(yan)(yan)祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟，见(jian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)因国(guo)(guo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)境界所及(ji)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)谓(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，隐元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“寰(huan)内(nei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，不正其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)交(jiao)。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)正南(nan)面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，政(zheng)教禀於(wu)(wu)(wu)天子(zi)(zi)，善恶归於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上，无假(jia)风谏(jian)，不当有(you)(you)诗。郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)见(jian)有(you)(you)变(bian)风，不在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)明(ming)矣。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)因虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，自然(ran)亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)《发墨守》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：桓(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)国(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)宗周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)，武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)东(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，本(ben)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)。西都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，尽以(yi)(yi)赐(ci)秦，明(ming)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初迁(qian)，亦(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)，故(gu)(gu)历(li)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)并十(shi)(shi)(shi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，郁成大国(guo)(guo)，盟会(hui)列於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，灼然(ran)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)，故(gu)(gu)《缁衣》传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)入为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)卿士。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君称入也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽(sui)非(fei)(fei)(fei)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)，不过侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)服。昭十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)，男(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”贾(jia)逵以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)爵，在(zai)(zai)(zai)男(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)距王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)百馀里(li)，而(er)得在(zai)(zai)(zai)男(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)，《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志(zhi)》答(da)赵(zhao)商(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)男(nan)(nan)者(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)男(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)，乃谓(wei)子(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，虽(sui)爵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧俗皆(jie)(jie)(jie)食(shi)子(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)，男(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意(yi)与(yu)(yu)贾(jia)说异。
武公又作卿士，国人宜之，郑之变风又作。
○正(zheng)义曰：《缁衣序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“父子(zi)(zi)并(bing)(bing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)周司(si)徒(tu)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死，武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即代(dai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)徒(tu)，故得(de)辅平王以(yi)(yi)东(dong)迁。是(shi)(shi)(shi)先为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿士(shi)，后(hou)并(bing)(bing)十(shi)(shi)邑。但(dan)郑先说得(de)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)(you)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)卿士(shi)”。其(qi)实作(zuo)(zuo)卿士(shi)在(zai)(zai)并(bing)(bing)十(shi)(shi)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。序(xu)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“善(shan)於(wu)其(qi)职，国人(ren)(ren)宜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故美(mei)其(qi)德。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)国人(ren)(ren)宜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)变(bian)风(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。对(dui)上《郐风(feng)》已作(zuo)(zuo)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)”。案(an)(an)《左传》及《郑世家》，武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)娶邓(deng)曼，生(sheng)太子(zi)(zi)忽(hu)(hu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。又(you)娶宋(song)雍氏女(nv)，生(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)突(tu)(tu)(tu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。又(you)生(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)。《春(chun)秋》桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)夏五月(yue)(yue)，庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)，而(er)(er)(er)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)。其(qi)年(nian)(nian)九月(yue)(yue)，昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奔(ben)卫，而(er)(er)(er)厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)。桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)夏，厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奔(ben)蔡(cai)。六月(yue)(yue)，昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)。桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)，高渠弥弑昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而(er)(er)(er)立(li)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)。十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)，齐人(ren)(ren)杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)亹(wei)，郑人(ren)(ren)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)。庄十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)，傅瑕杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)仪(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)纳厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)立(li)四(si)年(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)出奔(ben)，至(zhi)此(ci)而(er)(er)(er)复入(ru)。至(zhi)庄二十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)，前(qian)(qian)后(hou)再在(zai)(zai)位(wei)，凡(fan)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)。厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)，子(zi)(zi)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)踕立(li)，四(si)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)。此(ci)其(qi)君(jun)(jun)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗·缁衣序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美(mei)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《将仲子(zi)(zi)》、《叔(shu)(shu)(shu)于田(tian)》、《大(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)于田(tian)》序(xu)皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，而(er)(er)(er)《清人(ren)(ren)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下有《羔(gao)(gao)裘》、《遵大(da)(da)路》、《女(nv)曰鸡鸣》。《遵大(da)(da)路》序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)失(shi)道”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)三(san)(san)篇(pian)通上《将仲子(zi)(zi)》等六篇(pian)，皆庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《有女(nv)同车》、《山有扶(fu)苏》、《萚兮》、《狡童》及《扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)忽(hu)(hu)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)《褰裳》、《丰》、《东(dong)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墠》、《风(feng)雨》、《子(zi)(zi)衿(jin)》在(zai)(zai)其(qi)间，皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。忽(hu)(hu)於(wu)桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)太子(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)承正(zheng)统，虽(sui)(sui)未逾(yu)年(nian)(nian)，要君(jun)(jun)於(wu)其(qi)国。《有女(nv)同车序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)於(wu)见逐(zhu)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)被(bei)逐(zhu)而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)忽(hu)(hu)前(qian)(qian)立(li)时(shi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《山有扶(fu)苏》、《萚兮》、《狡童》刺(ci)忽(hu)(hu)所美(mei)非贤，权臣(chen)擅命。忽(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)立(li)时(shi)月(yue)(yue)既浅，则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)三(san)(san)篇(pian)盖(gai)后(hou)立(li)时(shi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《褰裳》“思(si)见正(zheng)”，言(yan)突(tu)(tu)(tu)篡国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，是(shi)(shi)(shi)突(tu)(tu)(tu)前(qian)(qian)篡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，国人(ren)(ren)欲以(yi)(yi)邻(lin)国正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，君(jun)(jun)虽(sui)(sui)篡弑而(er)(er)(er)立(li)，已列(lie)於(wu)会，则(ze)(ze)(ze)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)。案(an)(an)突(tu)(tu)(tu)以(yi)(yi)桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)篡，十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会郑伯，盟於(wu)武父。自是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，频列(lie)於(wu)会，则(ze)(ze)(ze)成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)郑君(jun)(jun)，国人(ren)(ren)不应思(si)大(da)(da)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见正(zheng)，《褰裳》宜是(shi)(shi)(shi)初田(tian)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《丰》、《东(dong)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墠》、《风(feng)雨》、《子(zi)(zi)衿(jin)》直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)乱世耳”，不指(zhi)君(jun)(jun)事。或当突(tu)(tu)(tu)篡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，或当忽(hu)(hu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，其(qi)时(shi)难(nan)知。要是(shi)(shi)(shi)忽(hu)(hu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)主，虽(sui)(sui)当突(tu)(tu)(tu)前(qian)(qian)篡时(shi)，亦宜系忽(hu)(hu)，故序(xu)於(wu)《扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)》又(you)言(yan)忽(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)》言(yan)“无(wu)忠臣(chen)良(liang)士(shi)，终以(yi)(yi)死亡”，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“终鲜兄弟(di)”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)兄弟(di)已争(zheng)(zheng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。《出其(qi)东(dong)门序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)五争(zheng)(zheng)”，《野有蔓草序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民穷(qiong)於(wu)兵革”，《溱洧(wei)序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵革不息”，三(san)(san)篇(pian)相类(lei)，皆三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)既争(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)五争(zheng)(zheng)，突(tu)(tu)(tu)最在(zai)(zai)后(hou)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)三(san)(san)篇(pian)，厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《清人(ren)(ren)》刺(ci)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑於(wu)左方中皆以(yi)(yi)此(ci)而(er)(er)(er)知。文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，厉(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，《清人(ren)(ren)》当处卷末，由(you)(you)烂脱失(shi)次，厕於(wu)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗内。所以(yi)(yi)得(de)错乱者，郑答赵商(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诗本无(wu)文字(zi)，后(hou)人(ren)(ren)不能尽(jin)得(de)其(qi)弟(di)，录(lu)者直(zhi)录(lu)其(qi)义而(er)(er)(er)已。”如《志》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)作(zuo)(zuo)序(xu)乃始(shi)杂乱，故《羔(gao)(gao)裘》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)从上《大(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)于田(tian)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
《缁衣》，美武公也。父子并为周司徒，善於其职，国人宜之，故美其德，以明有国善善之功焉。父，谓武公父，桓公也。司徒之职掌十二教，善善者，治之有功也。郑国之人皆谓桓公、武公居司徒之官，正得其宜。
○缁，侧基反。
[疏]“《缁衣》三章，章四句”至“功焉”。
○正义曰：作《缁衣》诗者，美武公也。武公之与桓公，父子皆为周司徒之卿，而善於其卿之职，郑国之人咸宜之，谓武公为卿，正得其宜。诸侯有德，乃能入仕王朝。武公既为郑国之君，又复入作司徒，已是其善，又能善其职，此乃有国者善中之善，故作此诗，美其武公之德，以明有邦国者善善之功焉。经三章，皆是国人宜之，美其德之辞也。“以明有国善善之功焉”，叙其作诗之意，於经无所当也。
○笺“父谓”至“其宜”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓公已作(zuo)司(si)徒(tu)，武(wu)公又复为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，子能继父，是(shi)其(qi)美德(de)(de)(de)，故兼言父子，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盛美武(wu)公。《周礼(li)(li)·大(da)司(si)徒(tu)职(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“因(yin)民常而施十(shi)(shi)(shi)有二(er)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)焉：一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀礼(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)敬(jing)(jing)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)苟(gou)；二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阳(yang)礼(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)让，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)争；三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阴礼(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亲(qin)(qin)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨；四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乖；五(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仪辨等，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)越；六曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)俗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)安，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愉(yu)；七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暴；八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誓教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)恤，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怠；九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)节(jie)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民知足；十(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世事(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)能，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)职(zhi)；十(shi)(shi)(shi)有一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤制(zhi)爵，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民慎德(de)(de)(de)；十(shi)(shi)(shi)有二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庸(yong)制(zhi)禄(lu)(lu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民兴功(gong)(gong)。”是(shi)司(si)徒(tu)职(zhi)掌十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也。祀礼(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恭敬(jing)(jing)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)苟(gou)且(qie)。阳(yang)礼(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)乡射、饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谦(qian)让，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)争斗。阴礼(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)男(nan)女昏(hun)姻(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨旷(kuang)。乐，谓(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)声八音之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)睦，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乖戾。仪，谓(wei)(wei)君南面，臣北面，父坐子伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)，辨其(qi)等级，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逾越。俗，谓(wei)(wei)土地所(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)习，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安存，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愉(yu)惰(duo)。刑，谓(wei)(wei)刑罚，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中正，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)残暴。誓，谓(wei)(wei)戒敕，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)忧(you)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懈怠。度(du)，谓(wei)(wei)宫室衣服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)制(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民知止足。世事(shi)(shi)(shi)，谓(wei)(wei)士农(nong)工商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)能其(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)业。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小，制(zhi)其(qi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民皆(jie)谨慎其(qi)德(de)(de)(de)，相(xiang)(xiang)劝(quan)为(wei)善，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)少，制(zhi)其(qi)禄(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数量，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民皆(jie)兴立功(gong)(gong)效，自求(qiu)多(duo)福。司(si)徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)掌多(duo)矣。此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者，故举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言焉。此(ci)与《淇隩》国人美君有德(de)(de)(de)，能仕王朝，是(shi)其(qi)一国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，故为(wei)风。苏公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺暴公，吉甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美申伯，同寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)刺美，乃所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刺美时王，故为(wei)雅。作(zuo)者主意(yi)有异，故所(suo)(suo)(suo)系不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。
缁衣之宜兮，敝，予又改为兮。缁，黑色，卿士听朝之正服也。改，更也。有德君子，宜世居卿士之位焉。笺云：缁衣者，居私朝之服也。天子之朝服，皮弁服也。
○敝，本又作“弊”，符世反。朝，直遥反，下同。適子之馆兮，还予授子之粲兮。適，之。馆，舍。粲，餐也。诸侯入为天子卿士，受采禄。笺云：卿士所之之馆，在天子宫，如今之诸庐也。自馆还在采地之都，我则设餐以授之。爱之，欲饮食之。
○馆，古玩反(fan)。粲(can)，七旦反(fan)，飧(sun)也。飧(sun)，苏尊(zun)反(fan)。庐，力於反(fan)。饮，於鸩反(fan)。食音嗣。
[疏]“缁衣”至“粲兮”。
○毛以为，武公作卿士，服缁衣，国人美之。言武公於此缁衣之宜服之兮，言其德称其服也。此衣若敝，我原王家又复改而为之兮，原其常居其位，常服此服也。卿士於王宫有馆舍，於畿内有采禄。言武公去郑国，入王朝之適子卿士之馆舍兮，自朝而还，我原王家授子武公以采禄兮，欲使常朝於王，常食采禄也。采禄，王之所授，衣服，王之所赐，而言予为子授者，其意原王为然，非民所能改受之也。
○郑以为，国人爱美武公，缁衣若弊，我原为君改作兮。自馆而还，我原授君以饮食兮。爱之，原得作衣服，与之饮食也。郑以授之以食为民授之，则改作衣服亦民为之也。
○传“缁黑”至“之位”。
○正义曰：《考工记》言染法，“三入为纁，五入为緅，七入为缁”。注云：“染纁者三入而成，又再染以黑则为緅，又复再染以黑乃成缁。”是缁为黑色。此缁衣，即《士冠礼》所云“主人玄冠朝服，缁带素韡”是也。诸侯与其臣服之以日视朝，故礼通谓此服为朝服。美武公善为司徒，而经云“缁衣”，明缁衣，卿士所服也。而天子与其臣皮弁以日视朝，则卿士旦朝於王服皮弁，不服缁衣，故知是卿士听朝之正服。谓既朝於王，退適治事之馆，释皮弁而服，以听其所朝之政也。言缁衣之宜，谓德称其服，宜衣此衣，敝则更原王为之，令常衣此服。以武公继世为卿，并皆宜之，故言“有德君子，宜世居卿士之位焉”。
○笺“缁衣”至“弁服”。
○正义曰：退適治事之处，为私也，对在天子之庭为公。此私朝在天子宫内，即下句“適子之馆兮”是也。《舜典》云“辟四门”者，注云：“卿士之职，使为已出政教於天下。”言四门者，亦因卿士之私朝在国门，鲁有东门襄仲，宋有桐门右师，是后之取法於前也。彼言私朝者在国门，谓卿大夫夕治家事，私家之朝耳，与此不同。何则？《玉藻》说视朝之礼曰：“君既视朝，退適路寝。使人视大夫，大夫退，然后適小寝，释服。”君使人视其事尽，然后休息，则知国之政教事在君所断之，不得归適国门私朝，明国门私朝非君朝矣。《论语》“冉子退朝”，注云“朝於季氏之私朝”，亦谓私家之朝，与此异也。《玉藻》云“天子皮弁以日视朝”，是天子之朝服皮弁，故退適诸曹服缁衣也。定本云“天子之朝，朝服皮弁服”。
○传“適之”至“采禄”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“之、適，往也。”故適得为之。馆者，人所止舍，故为舍也。“粲，餐”，《释言》文。郭璞曰：“今河北人呼食为粲，谓餐食也。”诸侯入为天子卿士，受采禄，解其授粲之意。采谓田邑，采取赋税。禄谓赐之以穀。二者皆天子与之，以供饮食，故谓之授子粲也。
○笺“卿士”至“饮食”。
○正义曰：《考工记》说王官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，“内有九(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)，九(jiu)(jiu)嫔居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。外有九(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)，九(jiu)(jiu)卿(qing)(qing)朝焉”。注云(yun)：“内，路(lu)(lu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里(li)。外，路(lu)(lu)寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表。九(jiu)(jiu)室(shi)如(ru)今朝堂(tang)诸(zhu)(zhu)曹(cao)治(zhi)(zhi)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)也。六(liu)卿(qing)(qing)三孤为九(jiu)(jiu)卿(qing)(qing)”。彼言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)曹(cao)治(zhi)(zhi)事处(chu)，此言(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)庐(lu)，正谓(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)宫内，卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)各立曹(cao)司，有庐(lu)舍以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)事也。言(yan)(yan)適(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆，则(ze)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)从(cong)而(er)適(shi)也。言(yan)(yan)还(hai)(hai)(hai)授(shou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)粲(can)，则(ze)还(hai)(hai)(hai)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)至(zhi)也。既为天子(zi)(zi)(zi)卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)，不可还(hai)(hai)(hai)归郑(zheng)国(guo)，明(ming)是(shi)从(cong)采(cai)(cai)邑而(er)適(shi)公馆，从(cong)公馆而(er)反采(cai)(cai)邑，故云(yun)“还(hai)(hai)(hai)在采(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)，我则(ze)设餐以(yi)(yi)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)受采(cai)(cai)禄者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)禄解粲(can)义也。笺言(yan)(yan)还(hai)(hai)(hai)在采(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)者(zhe)，自谓(wei)(wei)回还(hai)(hai)(hai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)至(zhi)国(guo)人(ren)(ren)授(shou)粲(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，其(qi)意与传(chuan)不同。虽在采(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)，原(yuan)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，非(fei)(fei)采(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。何则(ze)？此诗(shi)是(shi)郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)美(mei)(mei)君(jun)，非(fei)(fei)采(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)美(mei)(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且(qie)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，非(fei)(fei)邑民常君(jun)，善恶系於天子(zi)(zi)(zi)，不得曲美(mei)(mei)郑(zheng)国(guo)君(jun)也。郑(zheng)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)能远(yuan)就采(cai)(cai)地，授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，原(yuan)饮食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，非(fei)(fei)即实与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。易传(chuan)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)予者(zhe)郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)自授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)言(yan)(yan)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄也。饮食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虽云(yun)小(xiao)事，圣人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为礼(li)。《伐(fa)柯》言(yan)(yan)王迎(ying)周公，言(yan)(yan)“我覯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，笾豆(dou)有践(jian)”，奉(feng)迎(ying)圣人(ren)(ren)，犹原(yuan)以(yi)(yi)饮食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故小(xiao)民爱(ai)君(jun)，原(yuan)饮食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
缁(zi)衣之好兮(xi)(xi)，敝，予又(you)改造兮(xi)(xi)。好，犹宜(yi)也。笺云：造，为也。
[疏]笺“造，为”。
○正义曰：《释言》文(wen)。
適(shi)子之(zhi)馆兮(xi)，还(hai)，予授子之(zhi)粲兮(xi)。
缁衣之蓆兮，敝，予又改作兮。蓆，大也。笺云：作，为也。
○蓆音席，《韩诗》云(yun)“储也”，《说文》云(yun)“广多”。
[疏]传“蓆，大”。
○正义曰：《释(shi)诂》文。言服缁(zi)衣，大得其宜也(ye)。
適子之馆兮，还(hai)，予授子之粲兮。
《缁衣(yi)》三章，章四句。
《将仲子》，刺庄公也。不胜其母，以害其弟。弟叔失道而公弗制，祭仲谏而公弗听，小不忍以致大乱焉。庄公之母，谓武姜。生庄公及弟叔段，段好勇而无礼。公不早为之所，而使骄慢。
○将，七羊反(fan)，下及注(zhu)皆同。胜音升(sheng)。祭(ji)，侧界反(fan)，后(hou)放(fang)此。听，吐(tu)丁反(fan)。好，呼报反(fan)。
[疏]“《将仲》三章，章八句”至“大乱焉”。
○正义曰：作《将仲子》诗者，刺庄公也。公有弟名段，字叔。其母爱之，令庄公处之大都。庄公不能胜止其母，遂处段於大都，至使骄而作乱，终以害其亲弟。是公之过也。此叔於未乱之前，失为弟之道，而公不禁制，令之奢僣。有臣祭仲者，谏公，令早为之所，而公不听用。於事之小，不忍治之，以致大乱国焉，故刺之。经三章，皆陈拒谏之辞。“岂敢爱之？畏我父母”，是小不忍也。后乃兴师伐之，是致大乱大也。
○笺“庄公”至“骄慢”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)事(shi)见(jian)於(wu)《左传(chuan)》隐元(yuan)年。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“郑(zheng)武公(gong)(gong)娶於(wu)申(shen)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)武姜(jiang)，生庄公(gong)(gong)及共(gong)(gong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。庄公(gong)(gong)寤生，惊姜(jiang)氏(shi)，故名曰(yue)(yue)(yue)寤生，遂(sui)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。爱共(gong)(gong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，欲立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亟请(qing)於(wu)武公(gong)(gong)，公(gong)(gong)不(bu)许。及庄公(gong)(gong)即(ji)位，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)制(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘制(zhi)，岩(yan)邑(yi)也，虢叔(shu)(shu)(shu)死(si)焉。他邑(yi)唯命(ming)。’请(qing)京(jing)(jing)(jing)，使居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京(jing)(jing)(jing)城(cheng)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)。祭仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘都，城(cheng)过(guo)百雉(zhi)，国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)也。今京(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)度，非制(zhi)也，君将(jiang)不(bu)堪。’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘姜(jiang)氏(shi)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，焉辟害(hai)？’对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘姜(jiang)氏(shi)何厌(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有！不(bu)如早为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，无使滋蔓！蔓，难图也。蔓草犹(you)不(bu)可(ke)除(chu)，况(kuang)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宠弟乎？’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘多行不(bu)义(yi)，必自(zi)毙，子(zi)姑待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’既而(er)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)西鄙、北鄙贰(er)於(wu)己(ji)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)吕(lv)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘国不(bu)堪二(er)，君将(jiang)若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何？欲与大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)，臣请(qing)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；若(ruo)不(bu)与，则请(qing)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘无庸(yong)，将(jiang)自(zi)及。’大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)又收贰(er)以(yi)为(wei)己(ji)邑(yi)，至於(wu)廪延。子(zi)封曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可(ke)矣。厚(hou)将(jiang)得众。’公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘不(bu)义(yi)，不(bu)昵(ni)。厚(hou)将(jiang)崩。’大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)完聚，缮甲(jia)兵，具卒乘，将(jiang)袭郑(zheng)，夫人将(jiang)启之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)闻其期，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可(ke)矣。’命(ming)子(zi)封帅车二(er)百乘以(yi)伐(fa)(fa)京(jing)(jing)(jing)。京(jing)(jing)(jing)叛大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)入於(wu)鄢。公(gong)(gong)伐(fa)(fa)诸鄢。大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)出奔(ben)共(gong)(gong)。”是(shi)谓共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)。是(shi)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)骄(jiao)慢作乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也。《大(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)于田序》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)多才而(er)好(hao)勇。”是(shi)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)勇而(er)无礼也。
将仲子兮！无逾我里，无折我树杞。将，请也。仲子，祭仲也。逾，越。里，居也。二十五家为里。杞，木名也。折，言伤害也。笺云：祭仲骤谏，庄公不能用其言，故言请，固距之。“无逾我里”，喻言无干我亲戚也。“无折我树杞”，喻言无伤害我兄弟也。仲初谏曰：“君将与之，臣请事之。君若不与，臣请除之。”
○折，之舌反，下同。杞音起。骤，仕救反，服虔曰：“数也。”“君若与之”，一本“若”作“将”。岂敢爱之？畏我父母。笺云：段将为害，我岂敢爱之而不诛与？以父母之故，故不为也。
○“段将”，此一将字如字。与(yu)音馀。仲可怀也(ye)(ye)，父(fu)(fu)母之(zhi)言(yan)，亦可畏也(ye)(ye)！笺(jian)云：怀私(si)曰怀。言(yan)仲子之(zhi)言(yan)可私(si)怀也(ye)(ye)。我迫於父(fu)(fu)母，有言(yan)不得从也(ye)(ye)。
[疏]“将仲子”至“可畏”。
○正义曰：祭仲数谏庄公，庄公不能用之，反请於仲子兮，汝当无逾越我居之里垣，无损折我所树之杞木，以喻无干犯我之亲戚，无伤害我之兄弟。段将为害，我岂敢爱之而不诛与？但畏我父母也。以父母爱之，若诛之，恐伤父母之心，故不忍也。仲子之言可私怀也，虽然父母之言亦可畏也。言庄公以小不忍至於大乱，故陈其拒谏之辞以刺之。传“里居”至“木名”。
○正义曰：里者，民之所居，故为居也。《地官·遂人》云：“五家为邻，五邻为里。”是二十五家为里也。“无逾我里”，谓无逾越我里居之垣墙，但里者，人所居之名，故以所居表墙耳。《四牡》传云：“杞，枸檵。”此直云木名，则与彼别也。陆机《疏》云：“杞，柳属也，生水傍，树如柳，叶粗而白色，理微赤，故今人以为车毂。今共北淇水傍，鲁国泰山汶水边，纯杞也。
○笺“祭仲”至“除之”。
○正义曰：哀二十年《左传》云：“吴公子庆忌骤谏吴王。”服虔云：“骤，数也。”笺言骤谏，出於彼文。序不言骤，而笺言骤者，若非数谏，不应固请，故知骤谏也。以里垣之内始有树木，故以里喻亲戚，树喻兄弟。既言骤谏，以为其谏非一，故言“初谏曰”，以为数谏之意。案《左传》此言乃是公子吕辞，今笺以为祭仲谏者，诗陈请祭仲，不请公子吕，然则祭仲之谏多於公子吕矣。而公子吕请除大叔，为谏之切，莫切於此。祭仲正可数谏耳，其辞亦不是过。仲当亦有此言，故引之以为祭仲谏。
○笺“怀私”至“得从”。
○正义曰：《晋语》称公(gong)子重耳安於齐，姜氏劝之行，云：“怀(huai)与安，实(shi)病大事。《郑(zheng)诗》云：‘仲可怀(huai)也(ye)。’”引此为怀(huai)私(si)之义，故以怀(huai)为私(si)。以父(fu)(fu)母爱段(duan)，不用害之，故畏迫父(fu)(fu)母，有(you)言不得从(cong)也(ye)。於时其(qi)父(fu)(fu)虽(sui)亡，遗言尚存(cun)，与母连言之也(ye)。
将仲子兮！无逾我墙，无折我树桑。墙，垣也。桑，木之众也。
○垣音袁。岂(qi)敢爱(ai)之？畏(wei)我(wo)诸(zhu)兄(xiong)。诸(zhu)兄(xiong)，公族。仲(zhong)可怀也(ye)，诸(zhu)兄(xiong)之言，亦可畏(wei)也(ye)！
将仲子兮！无逾我园，无折我树檀。园所以树木也。檀，强韧之木。
○檀(tan)，徒丹反(fan)(fan)，木(mu)名(ming)。强，其良(liang)反(fan)(fan)，一(yi)音(yin)(yin)居良(liang)反(fan)(fan)。忍(ren)，本(ben)亦作“刃(ren)”，同(tong)而(er)慎(shen)反(fan)(fan)。依字韦(wei)旁作刃(ren)，今此(ci)假借也。沈(shen)云系(xi)旁作刃(ren)为(wei)是(shi)(shi)。案(an)糸旁刃(ren)，音(yin)(yin)女巾反(fan)(fan)，《离骚》云“纫秋(qiu)兰以为(wei)佩”，是(shi)(shi)也。
[疏]传“园所”至“之木”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《大宰职》云：“园圃(pu)，毓(yu)草木。”园者圃(pu)之(zhi)蕃，故其内可以种木也(ye)。檀(tan)材可以为车，故云“强韧之(zhi)木。”陆机《疏(shu)》云：“檀(tan)木皮正青滑泽，与檕(ji)迷相似(si)，又(you)似(si)驳(bo)马。驳(bo)马，梓檎(qin)。故里语曰(yue)(yue)：‘斫(zhuo)檀(tan)不谛得檕(ji)迷，檕(ji)迷尚(shang)可得驳(bo)马。’檕(ji)迷一名挈，故齐人(ren)谚曰(yue)(yue)：‘上山斫(zhuo)檀(tan)，挈先殚。’”
岂敢爱之(zhi)？畏人之(zhi)多言。仲可(ke)(ke)怀也(ye)，人之(zhi)多言，亦可(ke)(ke)畏也(ye)。
《将仲子》三章，章八句。
《叔于田》，刺庄公也。叔处于京，缮甲治兵，以出于田，国人说而归之。缮之言善也。甲，铠也。
○缮，市战反，善也。说(shuo)音悦。铠，苦爱(ai)反。
[疏]“《叔于田》三章，章五句”至“归之”。
○笺“缮之”至“甲铠”。
○正(zheng)义曰：《世本》云：“杼(zhu)作甲。”宋仲子(zi)云：“少康子(zi)名杼(zhu)也(ye)。”经典皆谓之甲，后世乃名为铠。笺(jian)以今晓古。
叔于田，巷无居人。叔，大叔段也。田，取禽也。巷，里涂也。笺云：叔往田，国人注心于叔，似如无人处。
○巷，学绛反。大音泰，后“大叔”皆放此。
○岂无居人？不如叔也，洵美且仁。笺云：洵，信也。言叔信美好而又仁。
○洵，苏遵(zun)反。
[疏]“叔于”至“且仁”。
○正义曰：此皆悦叔之辞。时人言叔之往田猎也，里巷之内全似无复居人。岂可实无居人乎，有居人矣，但不如叔也信美好而且有仁德。国人注心於叔，悦之若此，而公不知禁，故刺之。
○传“叔大”至“里涂”。
○正义曰：《左传》及下篇皆谓之大叔，故传辨之，以明叔与大叔一人，其字曰叔，以宠私过度，时呼为大叔，《左传》谓之京城大叔。是由宠而异其号也。此言“叔于田”，下言“大叔于田”，作者意殊，无他义也。田者，猎之别名，以取禽於田，因名曰田，故云“田，取禽也”。《丰》曰“俟我乎巷”，谓待我於门外，知巷是里内之途道也。
○笺“洵信”至“又仁”。
○正义(yi)曰：“洵(xun)，信”，《释诂》文。仁(ren)是行之(zhi)(zhi)美名(ming)，叔乃作乱之(zhi)(zhi)贼(zei)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)信美好而又仁(ren)者，言(yan)国人(ren)悦之(zhi)(zhi)辞，非实仁(ren)也。
叔于狩，巷无饮酒。冬猎曰狩。笺云：饮酒，谓燕饮也。
○狩，手又反。猎，力辄反。岂无(wu)饮(yin)酒？不(bu)如叔也，洵美(mei)且好。
[疏]传“冬猎曰狩”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《释(shi)天》文(wen)。李巡曰(yue)：“围守取之，无(wu)所择(ze)也。”
叔適(shi)野(ye)(ye)，巷无(wu)服(fu)马(ma)。笺云(yun)(yun)：適(shi)，之也(ye)。郊外(wai)曰野(ye)(ye)。服(fu)马(ma)，犹乘马(ma)也(ye)。岂无(wu)服(fu)马(ma)？不如叔也(ye)，洵(xun)美且武(wu)。笺云(yun)(yun)：武(wu)，有武(wu)节。
[疏]笺“郊外”至“乘马”。
○正义曰：《释地》云：“郊外谓之牧，牧外谓之野。”是野在郊外也。《易》称“服牛乘马”，俱是驾用之义，故云服马犹乘马。夹辕两马谓之服马。何知此非夹辕之马，而云“犹乘马”者，以上章言无居人，无饮酒，皆是人事而言，此不宜独言无马，知正谓叔既往田，巷无乘马之人耳。
○笺“武，有武节”。
○正义曰：文(wen)武者，人之(zhi)伎能。今言美且武，悦其为(wei)(wei)武，则合武之(zhi)要，故云有武节(jie)。言其不妄(wang)为(wei)(wei)武。
《叔于田》三(san)章，章五句。
《大叔于田》，刺庄公也。叔多才而好勇，不义而得众也。
○“而(er)勇(yong)”，本(ben)或(huo)作“而(er)好(hao)勇(yong)”，“好(hao)”衍字(zi)。
[疏]“《大(da)叔于田》三章，章十(shi)句”至“得众(zhong)”。正义曰：叔负才(cai)恃众(zhong)，必(bi)为乱阶，而公不(bu)知禁，故刺之。经陈其善射(she)御之等，是(shi)多才(cai)也；“襢裼暴虎”，是(shi)好勇也；“火(huo)烈具举(ju)”，是(shi)得众(zhong)也。
叔于田，乘乘马。叔之从公田也。
○“叔于田”，本或作“大叔于田”者，误。“乘乘”，上如字，下绳证反。后句例尔。执辔如组，两骖如舞。骖之与服，和谐中节。笺云：如组者，如织组之为也。在旁曰骖。
○组音祖。中，竹仲反。叔在薮，火烈具举。薮，泽，禽之府也。烈，列。具俱也。笺云：列人持火俱举，言众同心。
○薮，素口反，《韩诗》云：“禽兽居之曰薮。”襢裼暴虎，献于公所。襢裼，肉袒也。暴虎，空手以搏之。笺云：“献于公所”，进於君也。
○襢，本又作“袒”，音但。裼，素历反。搏音博。“将叔无狃，戒其伤女。”狃，习也。笺云：狃，复也。请叔无复者，爱也。
○将，七羊反，请也。毋音无，本亦作(zuo)“无”。狃，女九反。复，符又反，下同。
[疏]“大叔”至“伤女”。
○毛以为，大叔往田猎之时，乘驾一乘之马。叔马既良，叔之御人又善，执持马辔如织组。织组者，总纰於此，成文於彼。御者执辔於手，马骋於道，如织组之为，其两骖之马与两服马和谐，如人舞者之中於乐节也。大叔乘马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮泽也，火有行列，俱时举之，言得众之心，故同时举火。叔於是襢去裼衣，空手搏虎，执之而献於公之处所。公见其如是，恐其更然，谓之曰：请叔无习此事。戒慎之，若复为之，其必伤汝矣。言大叔得众之心，好勇如此，必将为乱，而公不禁，故刺之。
○郑唯以“狃”为“复”，馀同。
○传“叔之从公田”。
○正义曰：下云“襢裼暴虎，献于公所”，明公亦与之俱田，故知从公田也。
○传“骖之”至“中节”。
○正义曰：此经止云“两骖”，不言“两服”，知骖与服和谐中节者，以下二章於此二句皆说“两服”、“两骖”，则知此经所云，亦总骖、服。但马之中节，亦由御善，以其篇之首先云御者之良。既言“执辔如组”，不可更言两服，理则有之，故知“如舞”之言，兼言服亦中节也。此二句言叔之所乘，马良御善耳，非大叔亲自御之。下言“又良御忌”，乃云叔身善御。
○传“薮泽”至“具俱”。
○正义曰：《地官序·泽虞》云：“每大泽大薮，小泽小薮。”注云：“泽，水所锺。水希曰薮。”然则薮非一，而此云“薮，泽”者，以薮泽俱是旷野之地，但有水无水异其名耳。《地官》薮泽共立泽虞掌之。《夏官·职方氏》每州云其泽薮曰“某”，明某是一也。《释地》说十薮云：“郑有圃田。”此言“在薮”，盖在圃田也。此言“府”者，货之所藏谓之府，薮泽亦禽兽之所藏，故云“禽之府”。烂熟谓之烈，火烈嫌为火猛，此无取烂义，故转烈为列，言火有行列也。火有行列，由布列人使持之，故笺申之云“列人持火”。此为宵田，故持火照之。具，备，即偕俱之义，故为俱也。
○传“襢裼”至“搏之”。
○正义曰：“襢裼，肉袒”，《释训》文。李巡曰：“襢裼，脱衣见体曰肉袒。”孙炎曰：“袒去裼衣。”《释训》又云：“暴虎，徒搏也。”舍人曰：“无兵，空手搏之。”
○传“狃，习”。
○正义曰：《释言(yan)》云：“狃(niu)，复也。”孙炎(yan)曰：“狃(niu)伏前事复为也。”复亦(yi)贯习之意，故传以狃(niu)为习也。笺以《尔雅》正训(xun)，故以为复。
叔于田，乘乘黄。四马皆黄。两服上襄，两骖雁行。笺云：两服，中央夹辕者。襄，驾也。上驾者，言为众马之最良也。雁行者，言与中服相次序。
○上襄，并如字。行，户郎反。夹，古洽反。叔在薮，火烈具扬。扬，扬光也。叔善射忌，又良御忌。忌，辞也。笺云：良亦善也。忌，读如“彼已之子”之已。
○忌，注作“己”，同，音记。下皆同。抑磬控忌，抑纵送忌。骋马曰磬。止马曰控。发矢曰纵。从禽曰送。
○磬，苦(ku)定反。控，口贡反。骋(cheng)，敕领反。
[疏]“叔于”至“送忌”。
○正义曰：言叔之往田也，乘一乘之黄马。在内两服者，马之上驾也。在外两骖，与服马如雁之行，相次序也。叔乘此四马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮泽也，火有行列，俱时扬之。叔有多才，既善射矣，又善御矣。抑者，此叔能磬骋马矣，又能控止马矣。言欲疾则走，欲止则往。抑者，此叔能纵矢以射禽矣，又能纵送以逐禽矣。言发则能中，逐则能及，是叔之善御、善射也。叔既得众多才如是，必将为乱，而公不禁，故刺之。
○笺“两服”至“次序”。
○正义曰：《小戎》云：“骐骝是中，騧骊是骖。”骖、中对文，则骖在外。外者为骖，则知内者为服，故言“两服，中央夹辕者”也。“襄，驾”，《释言》文。马之上者，谓之上驾，故知上驾者，言众马之最上也。《曲礼》注云：“雁行者，与之并差退。”此四马同驾，其两服则齐首，两骖与服马雁行，其首不齐，故《左传》云：“如骖之有靳。”
○传“扬，扬光”。
○正义曰：言举火而扬其光耳，非训扬为光也。
○传“骋马”至“曰送”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)：此无正文，以文承射御(yu)之(zhi)下，申说射御(yu)之(zhi)事(shi)。马(ma)之(zhi)进退，唯骋止(zhi)而已，故知(zhi)骋马(ma)曰(yue)(yue)磬，止(zhi)马(ma)曰(yue)(yue)控。今(jin)止(zhi)马(ma)犹谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)控，是古遗语也(ye)。纵谓(wei)(wei)放纵，故知(zhi)发矢。送谓(wei)(wei)逐后，故知(zhi)从(cong)禽。
叔于田，乘乘鸨。骊白杂毛曰鸨。
○鸨音保，依字作“駂”。骊，力驰反。两服齐首，马首齐也。两骖如手。进止如御者之手。笺云：如人左右手之相佐助也。叔在薮，火烈具阜。阜，盛也。叔马慢忌，叔发罕忌。慢，迟。罕，希也。笺云：田事且毕，则其马行迟，发矢希。
○嫚，本又作“慢”，莫晏反。抑释掤忌，抑鬯弓忌。掤，所以覆矢。鬯弓，弢弓。笺云：射者盖矢弢弓，言田事毕。
○掤音冰，所(suo)以覆矢也(ye)。马云：“椟丸(wan)(wan)盖(gai)也(ye)。”杜(du)预云：“椟丸(wan)(wan)，箭筩也(ye)。”鬯，敕亮反。弢，吐(tu)刀反。
[疏]“叔于”至“弓忌”。
○毛以为，叔往田猎之时，乘一乘之駂马。其内两服则齐其头首，其外两骖，进止如御者之手。乘此车马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮也，火有行列，其光俱盛。及田之将罢，叔之马既迟矣，叔发矢又希矣。及其田毕，抑者叔释掤以覆矢矣，抑者叔执鬯以弢弓矣。既美叔之多才，遂终说其田之事。
○郑唯“如手”如人手相助为异。馀同。以如者比诸外物，故易传。
○传“骊白杂毛曰駂”。
○正义曰：《释畜》文。郭璞曰：“今呼之为乌骢。”
○传“慢，迟。罕，希”。
○正义曰：以惰慢者必迟缓，故慢为迟也。《释诂》云：“希，罕也。”是罕为希也。
○传“掤所”至“弢弓”。
○正义曰：昭二十五年《左传》云：“公徒(tu)执冰(bing)而踞。”字(zi)虽(sui)异，音(yin)义同(tong)。服(fu)虔云：“冰(bing)，犊丸盖(gai)。”杜预云：或说(shuo)犊丸是箭筒，其盖(gai)可(ke)以(yi)取饮。先儒相传掤为覆矢之物，且下句(ju)言鬯弓，明上句(ju)言覆矢可(ke)知矣，故云“掤，所(suo)以(yi)覆矢”。鬯者，盛弓之器。鬯弓，谓(wei)弢(tao)(tao)弓而纳之鬯中，故云“鬯弓，弢(tao)(tao)弓”，谓(wei)藏之也(ye)。
《大叔于田(tian)》三章(zhang)，章(zhang)十(shi)句(ju)。
《清人》，刺文公也。高克好利而不顾其君，文公恶而欲远之不能。使高克将兵而御狄于竟，陈其师旅，翱翔河上。久而不召，众散而归，高克奔陈。公子素恶高克进之不以礼，文公退之不以道，危国亡师之本，故作是诗也。好利不顾其君，注心於利也。御狄于竟，时狄侵卫。
○克，一本作“尅”。好，呼(hu)报反(fan)，注同。恶，乌路反(fan)，下同。远，于万反(fan)。将，子(zi)亮反(fan)。御，鱼吕反(fan)，注同。翱，五羔反(fan)。
[疏]“《清人》三章，章四句”至“是诗”。
○正义曰：作《清人》诗者，刺文公也。文公之时，臣有高克者，志好财利，见利则为，而不顾其君。文公恶其如是，而欲远离之，而君弱臣强，又不能以理废。退適值有狄侵卫，郑与卫邻国，恐其来侵，文公乃使高克将兵御狄於竟。狄人虽去，高克未还，乃陈其师旅，翱翔於河上。日月经久，而文公不召，军众自散而归，高克惧而奔陈。文公有臣郑之公子名素者，恶此高克进之事君不以礼也，又恶此文公退之逐臣不以道，高克若拥兵作乱则是危国，若将众出奔则是亡师。公子素谓文公为此，乃是危国亡师之本，故作是《清人》之诗以刺之。经三章唯言“陈其师旅，翱翔河上”之事耳，序则具说翱翔所由。作诗之意，二句以外，皆於经无所当也。
○笺“好利”至“侵卫”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：《春秋(qiu)》闵公二(er)年(nian)冬十二(er)月(yue)，“狄(di)入(ru)卫，郑(zheng)弃其(qi)(qi)师”。《左传(chuan)》曰：“郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)恶高(gao)(gao)克，使帅师次於河上(shang)，久而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)召，师溃而(er)归，高(gao)(gao)克奔陈。郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)之(zhi)赋《清人(ren)(ren)(ren)》。”是於时有狄(di)侵(qin)(qin)卫也(ye)(ye)。卫在河北，郑(zheng)在河南(nan)，恐其(qi)(qi)渡河侵(qin)(qin)郑(zheng)，故使高(gao)(gao)克将(jiang)兵於河上(shang)御之(zhi)。《春秋(qiu)》经书“入(ru)卫”，而(er)笺言“侵(qin)(qin)”者，狄(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)初实侵(qin)(qin)卫，卫人(ren)(ren)(ren)与战(zhan)而(er)败(bai)，后遂入(ru)之(zhi)。此据其(qi)(qi)初侵(qin)(qin)，故言侵(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)。案襄(xiang)十九年(nian)，晋(jin)侯(hou)使士(shi)匄侵(qin)(qin)齐，闻齐侯(hou)卒乃还(hai)(hai)(hai)，《左传(chuan)》称为(wei)“礼(li)也(ye)(ye)”，《公羊传(chuan)》亦云“大(da)夫(fu)以君(jun)命(ming)出(chu)，进退在大(da)夫(fu)”，然则高(gao)(gao)克礼(li)当(dang)自还(hai)(hai)(hai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须(xu)待召。而(er)文公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)名，久留河上(shang)者，其(qi)(qi)战(zhan)伐进退，自由将(jiang)帅。若(ruo)罢(ba)兵还(hai)(hai)(hai)国(guo)，必须(xu)君(jun)命(ming)，故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)召不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得归也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)善士(shi)匄不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伐丧耳，其(qi)(qi)得反国(guo)，亦当(dang)晋(jin)侯(hou)有命(ming)，故善之(zhi)。
清人在彭，驷介旁旁。清，邑也。彭，卫之河上，郑之郊也。介，甲也。笺云：清者，高克所帅众之邑也。驷，四马也。
○介音界。旁，补彭反，王云“彊也”。“驷，四马也”，一本“驷介，四马也”。二矛重英，河上乎翱翔。重英，矛有英饰也。笺云：二矛，酋矛、夷矛也，各有画饰。
○矛(mao)(mao)，莫侯反(fan)，《方言》云：“矛(mao)(mao)，吴扬江淮南楚五湖(hu)之间谓之鉇(ta)鉇(ta)音(yin)(yin)蛇。或(huo)谓之鋋鋋音(yin)(yin)蝉。或(huo)谓之鏦鏦音(yin)(yin)错江反(fan)。”其柄谓之矜。矜，郭音(yin)(yin)巨巾反(fan)。重，直龙反(fan)，注(zhu)下同。英如(ru)字，沈於耕反(fan)。酋，在由(you)反(fan)。
[疏]“清人”至“翱翔”。
○正义曰：言高克所率清邑之人，今在於彭地。狄人以去，无所防御，高克乃使四马被驰驱敖游，旁旁然不息。其车之上，建二种之矛，重有英饰，河水之上，於是翱翔。言其不复有事，可召之使还，而文公不召，故刺之。
○传“清邑”至“介甲”。
○正义曰：序言高克将兵，则清人是所将之人，故知清是郑邑。言御狄于竟，明在郑、卫境上。言翱翔河上，是营军近河，而卫境亦至河南，故云“卫之河上，郑之郊也”。郊谓二国郊境，非近郊、远郊也。《硕鼠》云“適彼乐郊”，亦总谓境为郊也。下言消、轴，传皆以为河上之地，盖久不得归，师有迁移，三地亦应不甚相远，故俱於河上。介是甲之别名，故云“介，甲也”。《北山》传云“旁旁然不得已”，则此言旁旁亦为不得已之义，与下麃麃为武貌，陶陶为驱驰之貌，互相见也。
○传“重英，矛有英饰”。
○正义曰：重英与二矛共文，明是矛饰。《鲁颂》说矛之饰，谓之朱英，则以朱染为英饰。二矛长短不同，其饰重累，故谓之重英也。
○笺“二矛”至“画饰”。
○正义曰：《考工记》云(yun)：“酋(qiu)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)常有(you)(you)四尺，夷矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)三寻。”注云(yun)：“八尺曰寻，倍(bei)寻曰常。”酋(qiu)、夷，长(zhang)(zhang)短名也(ye)(ye)，酋(qiu)近夷长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)，是(shi)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)等也(ye)(ye)。《记》又(you)云(yun)：“攻国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)用短，守国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)用长(zhang)(zhang)。”此(ci)御狄(di)于境(jing)，是(shi)守国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)长(zhang)(zhang)，宜有(you)(you)夷矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)为酋(qiu)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、夷矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。《鲁颂》以(yi)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)与重(zhong)弓(gong)共文，弓(gong)无二(er)(er)(er)等，直是(shi)一弓(gong)而(er)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)，则知(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)，亦一矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)而(er)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)，故(gu)(gu)彼笺(jian)云(yun)：“二(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)重(zhong)弓(gong)，备折坏。”直是(shi)酋(qiu)矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)，无夷矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)也(ye)(ye)。经言重(zhong)英，嫌一矛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)有(you)(you)重(zhong)饰(shi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)各有(you)(you)画(hua)饰(shi)。言其各自有(you)(you)饰(shi)，并建(jian)而(er)重(zhong)累(lei)。
清人在消，驷介麃麃。消，河上地也。麃麃，武貌。
○麃，表骄反。二矛重乔，河上乎逍遥。重乔，累荷也。笺云：乔，矛矜近上及室题，所以县毛羽。
○乔，毛音桥(qiao)，郑居桥(qiao)反，雉名，《韩诗》作(zuo)“鷮”。逍，本又作(zuo)“消”。遥(yao)，本又作(zuo)“摇”。荷，旧音何(he)，谓(wei)刻矛头(tou)为荷叶(ye)相重累也；沈胡可(ke)反，谓(wei)两(liang)矛之(zhi)(zhi)饰相负(fu)荷也。矜(jin)，字又作(zuo)“{矜(jin)木}”，同(tong)巨(ju)巾反，沈又居陵反。近(jin)(jin)，附近(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)近(jin)(jin)。题音啼。题，头(tou)也。室(shi)(shi)，剑削(xue)名也，《方言》云：“剑削(xue)，自河(he)而北，燕、赵之(zhi)(zhi)间谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)。”此言室(shi)(shi)，谓(wei)矛头(tou)受刃处也。削(xue)音笑。县音玄。
[疏]传“重乔，累荷”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“乔，高也。”重乔犹如重英，以矛建於车上，五兵之最高者也。而二矛同高，其高复有等级，故谓之重高。传解称高之意，故言累荷。《候人》传曰：“荷，揭也。”谓此二矛，刃有高下，重累而相负揭。
○笺“乔矛”至“毛羽”。
○正义曰：矜谓(wei)矛柄也(ye)。室谓(wei)矛之(zhi)銎(qiong)孔。襄十年《左传(chuan)》云：“舞，师(shi)题(ti)以(yi)(yi)旌(jing)夏。”杜预云：“题(ti)，识也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)大旌(jing)表(biao)识其(qi)行列。”然(ran)题(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)，表(biao)识之(zhi)言。笺申说累(lei)荷(he)之(zhi)意，言乔者(zhe)(zhe)，矛之(zhi)柄近於(wu)上头及矛之(zhi)銎(qiong)室之(zhi)下，当有(you)物以(yi)(yi)题(ti)识之(zhi)，其(qi)题(ti)识者(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)悬毛羽也(ye)。二矛於(wu)其(qi)上头皆悬毛羽以(yi)(yi)题(ti)识之(zhi)，似如重累(lei)相负(fu)荷(he)然(ran)，故谓(wei)之(zhi)累(lei)荷(he)也(ye)。经、传(chuan)不言矛有(you)毛羽，郑以(yi)(yi)时事言之(zhi)，犹今之(zhi)鹅毛槊也(ye)。
清人在轴，驷介陶陶。轴，河上地也。陶陶，驱驰之貌。
○轴音逐，地名。陶，徒报反。左旋右抽，中军作好。左旋讲兵，右抽抽矢以射，居军中为容好。笺云：左，左人，谓御者。右，车右也。中军，为将也。高克之为将，久不得归日，使其御者习旋车，车右抽刃，自居中央，为军之容好而已。兵车之法，将居鼓下，故御者在左。
○抽，敕由反(fan)，《说文》作(zuo)“陷”，他(ta)牢反(fan)，云：“抽刃以(yi)习击刺也。”好(hao)，呼报(bao)反(fan)，注同(tong)。将，子亮反(fan)，下同(tong)。
[疏]“左旋右抽，中军作好”。
○毛以为，高克閒暇无为，逍遥河上，乃左回旋其师，右手抽矢以射，高克居军之中，以为一军之容好，言可召而不召，故刺之。
○郑以高克使御人在车左者，习回旋其车。勇士在右者，习抽刃击刺。高克自居中央，为军之容好。指谓一车之上事也。
○传“左旋”至“容好”。
○正义曰：毛以为，左右中总谓一军之事。左旋以讲习兵事，在军之人皆右手抽矢而射。高克为将，将在军中，以此左旋右抽矢为军之容好。言其无事，故逍遥也。必左旋者，《少仪》云：“军尚左。”注云：“右，阳也。阳主生。将军有庙胜之策，左将军为上，贵不败绩。”然则此亦以左为阳，故为左旋。
○笺“左人”至“在左”。
○正义曰：笺(jian)(jian)以左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右为(wei)(wei)相敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，传(chuan)以左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)旋，右为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右手(shou)，於(wu)事不(bu)类，故易(yi)传(chuan)以为(wei)(wei)一车(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)谓(wei)御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)车(che)(che)(che)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，右谓(wei)勇力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)在(zai)(zai)车(che)(che)(che)右，中(zhong)(zhong)谓(wei)将居车(che)(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。车(che)(che)(che)是(shi)御(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所主也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故习旋回之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。右主持(chi)兵，故抽刃击剌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦(yi)是(shi)习之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。高克(ke)(ke)(ke)自居车(che)(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)，以此一车(che)(che)(che)所为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事为(wei)(wei)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容好(hao)。成二(er)年《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》说晋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)(fa)齐云(yun)(yun)：“郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)(ke)(ke)将中(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)，解(jie)张御(yu)(yu)，郑兵缓(huan)为(wei)(wei)右。郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)(ke)(ke)伤(shang)於(wu)矢(shi)，流(liu)血及(ji)(ji)屦(ju)，未绝鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)音(yin)，曰：“余病(bing)矣！”张侯(hou)曰：“自始合，而矢(shi)贯(guan)余手(shou)及(ji)(ji)肘，余折以御(yu)(yu)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)轮朱殷，岂敢(gan)言(yan)(yan)病(bing)？”张侯(hou)即解(jie)张也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)(ke)(ke)伤(shang)矢(shi)，言(yan)(yan)未绝鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)音(yin)，是(shi)郤(xi)(xi)克(ke)(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)将，在(zai)(zai)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。张侯(hou)伤(shang)手(shou)，而血染左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)轮，是(shi)御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此谓(wei)将之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所乘(cheng)车(che)(che)(che)耳。若士(shi)卒兵车(che)(che)(che)，则《閟宫(gong)》笺(jian)(jian)所云(yun)(yun)：“兵车(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)持(chi)弓，右人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)持(chi)矛，中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)御(yu)(yu)。”御(yu)(yu)车(che)(che)(che)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此二(er)笺(jian)(jian)皆言(yan)(yan)兵车(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，则平常(chang)乘(cheng)车(che)(che)(che)不(bu)然(ran)矣。《曲礼》曰：“乘(cheng)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘(cheng)车(che)(che)(che)，不(bu)敢(gan)旷(kuang)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“君存，恶空其(qi)位。”则人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君平常(chang)皆在(zai)(zai)车(che)(che)(che)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央，故《月令》说耕籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义云(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)子亲(qin)载(zai)耒耜，措之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)参保(bao)介之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)(yu)閒。”保(bao)介谓(wei)车(che)(che)(che)右也(ye)(ye)(ye)。置耒耜於(wu)车(che)(che)(che)右、御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒，御(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)，与(yu)兵车(che)(che)(che)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。将居鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)，虽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君亲(qin)将，其(qi)礼亦(yi)然(ran)。《夏(xia)官(guan)·大(da)仆职》云(yun)(yun)：“凡军(jun)旅田役，赞(zan)王(wang)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)。”注云(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)通鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)佐击其(qi)馀(yu)面。”是(shi)天(tian)子亲(qin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。成二(er)年《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)：“齐侯(hou)伐(fa)(fa)我北鄙，围龙，齐侯(hou)亲(qin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)为(wei)(wei)将乃然(ran)，故云(yun)(yun)“将居鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)”。
《清人》三(san)章，章四句。