●卷四
校人掌王马(ma)之政(zheng)。(政(zheng)谓差择养乘之数(shu)也。《月(yue)令》曰“班马(ma)政(zheng)”。)
[疏]注“政谓”至“马政”
○释(shi)曰:此经与下为(wei)目,下亦有邦国及家,而云(yun)“王马”者(zhe)(zhe),以尊(zun)为(wei)主。郑云(yun)“政谓(wei)差(cha)择养(yang)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之数也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),经辨六马,是(shi)差(cha)择也(ye)。下云(yun)“凡颁良(liang)而养(yang)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,是(shi)养(yang)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。引(yin)《月令》者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)季秋之令。彼注云(yun):“马政谓(wei)齐其(qi)(qi)色,度其(qi)(qi)力,使同(tong)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。”引(yin)此职“凡军事,物马而班之”,皆是(shi)马政,故引(yin)为(wei)证(zheng)也(ye)。
辨六马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之属:种马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu),戎(rong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu),齐(qi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu),道马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu),田马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu),驽(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)物(wu)。(种谓(wei)上善似(si)母者。以次差之,玉路(lu)驾(jia)(jia)种马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),戎(rong)路(lu)驾(jia)(jia)戎(rong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),金路(lu)驾(jia)(jia)齐(qi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),象(xiang)路(lu)驾(jia)(jia)道马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),田路(lu)驾(jia)(jia)田马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),驽(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)给宫中(zhong)之役。)
[疏]注“种谓”至“之役”
○释曰:六(liu)者(zhe)皆有毛(mao)物不同,故皆以(yi)物言之(zhi)也(ye)。此六(liu)者(zhe),先善後恶,次(ci)第而言也(ye)。种(zhong)马“上善似(si)(si)母(mu)”者(zhe),以(yi)其言种(zhong),故知似(si)(si)母(mu)。但(dan)种(zhong)类亦有似(si)(si)父,而言似(si)(si)母(mu)者(zhe),以(yi)母(mu)为(wei)(wei)主也(ye)。知种(zhong)马驾玉(yu)路(lu)已下,差次(ci)如此者(zhe),以(yi)其言戎、道、田(tian),以(yi)事为(wei)(wei)名,则知戎马驾戎路(lu),道马驾道车,田(tian)马驾田(tian)路(lu)。以(yi)此五(wu)者(zhe),种(zhong)马最在上,驾玉(yu)路(lu)可知。驽马最在下,五(wu)路(lu)之(zhi)外(wai),给役可知。
凡颁良马而养乘之。乘马一师四圉。三乘为皂,皂一趣马。三皂为系,系一驭夫。六系为厩,厩一仆夫。六厩成校,校有左右。驽马三良马之数,丽马一圉,八丽一师,八师一趣马,八趣马一驭夫。(良,善也。善马,五路之马。郑司农云:“四疋为乘。养马为圉,故《春秋传》曰‘马有圉,牛有牧’。”玄谓二耦为乘。师、趣马、驭夫、仆夫,帅之名也。趣马下士,驭夫中士,则仆夫上士也。自乘至厩,其数三百一十六匹。《易》“《乾》为马”,此应《乾》之也。至校变为言成者,明六马为一厩,而王马小备也。校有左右,则良马一种者,四百三十二匹,五种合二千一百六十匹。驽马三之,则为千二百九十六匹。五良一驽,凡三千四百五十六匹,然後王马大备。《诗》云“来牝三千”,此谓王马之大数与?丽,耦也。驽马自圉至驭夫,凡马千二十四匹,与三良马之数不相应,“八”皆宜为“六”,字之误也。师十二匹,趣马七十二匹,则驭夫四百三十二匹矣,然後而三之。既三之,无仆夫者,不驾於五路,卑之也。
○乘,绳证反(fan)(fan),注及下注“乘匹”同。圉,鱼(yu)吕(lv)反(fan)(fan)。皂,才(cai)早(zao)反(fan)(fan)。趣,仓走反(fan)(fan),刘(liu)、沈清须反(fan)(fan),下同。系,音(yin)计(ji),本亦作。厩(jiu),九(jiu)又反(fan)(fan)。应,应对之应。,初(chu)革(ge)反(fan)(fan)。来,音(yin)来。牝,频忍反(fan)(fan),刘(liu)又扶忍反(fan)(fan)。数与(yu),音(yin)馀,下礼与(yu)皆(jie)同。)
[疏]“凡颁”至“驭夫”
○释曰:言“颁良马”,对下别言驽马,养马有多少不同,故别言良马也。言养乘之者已下,皆四四为耦,是因养马乘习之。
○注“良善”至“之也”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“善(shan)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),五(wu)路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”者(zhe),据(ju)(ju)上(shang)文而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“《春秋传》曰(yue)”者(zhe),昭七年(nian),楚芋尹无宇执人(ren)(ren)(ren)於王宫,言(yan)“马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)有圉(yu)(yu),牛有牧(mu)”,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证养马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)为(wei)(wei)(wei)圉(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)谓(wei)“师、趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、驭夫(fu)(fu)、仆夫(fu)(fu),帅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)寡领众,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)主帅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi),驭夫(fu)(fu)中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)仆夫(fu)(fu)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”,《序官(guan)》有趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi),皂(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),徒四(si)(si)(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren),驭夫(fu)(fu)中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)无,仆夫(fu)(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)文官(guan)尊者(zhe)管卑(bei)者(zhe),驭夫(fu)(fu)既(ji)(ji)中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi),明仆夫(fu)(fu)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)乘(cheng)至(zhi)厩,其数(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)。《易》‘《乾(qian)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)’,此(ci)应《乾(qian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),按(an)(an)《易》,天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)生水北(bei)方,地(di)二(er)(er)(er)生火(huo)南方,天(tian)(tian)三(san)(san)(san)(san)生木东方,地(di)四(si)(si)(si)生金西(xi)方,天(tian)(tian)五(wu)生土中(zhong)央(yang),是谓(wei)阳(yang)无匹(pi)(pi),阴(yin)无耦。又地(di)六(liu)(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水北(bei)方,天(tian)(tian)七成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)南方,地(di)八(ba)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)木东方,天(tian)(tian)九成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)金西(xi)方,地(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)土中(zhong)央(yang),是谓(wei)阳(yang)有匹(pi)(pi),阴(yin)有耦。龟取(qu)(qu)(qu)生数(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)(er)(er)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)、四(si)(si)(si)、五(wu),蓍取(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)数(shu)(shu)六(liu)(liu)、七、八(ba)、九、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。若(ruo)然(ran),东方、南方,生长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)七为(wei)(wei)(wei)少阳(yang),八(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)少阴(yin)。西(xi)方、北(bei)方,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)九为(wei)(wei)(wei)老阳(yang),六(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)老阴(yin)。不(bu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),中(zhong)央(yang)配(pei)四(si)(si)(si)方故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)《易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)爻(yao),卦(gua)画七八(ba),爻(yao)称(cheng)九六(liu)(liu)。七八(ba)九六(liu)(liu)既(ji)(ji)配(pei)四(si)(si)(si)方,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)九六(liu)(liu)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《乾(qian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)爻(yao),以(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)乘(cheng)九,四(si)(si)(si)九三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu),六(liu)(liu)爻(yao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu),是为(wei)(wei)(wei)《乾(qian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“校(xiao)有左(zuo)右,则(ze)(ze)良(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)种者(zhe),四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)”者(zhe),经云(yun)“六(liu)(liu)厩成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)校(xiao)”,据(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)厢言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)小(xiao)备。下(xia)云(yun)校(xiao)有左(zuo)右,则(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)厩为(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)闲,若(ruo)据(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)厢,一(yi)(yi)厩为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)。据(ju)(ju)两厢,倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)。种别四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi),五(wu)种计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)总合二(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匹(pi)(pi)。又盖驽(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),三(san)(san)(san)(san)个四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er),则(ze)(ze)得(de)千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)。五(wu)良(liang)一(yi)(yi)驽(nu),总计(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)凡三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)。对前小(xiao)备,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)然(ran)後(hou)王马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)大备也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)“来牝三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)”,此(ci)卫(wei)文公灭而(er)复兴,徙而(er)能盛(sheng),计(ji)诸侯止合六(liu)(liu)闲马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),其三(san)(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)是王马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)。虽非礼制,国人(ren)(ren)(ren)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)王马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大数(shu)(shu)。言(yan)大数(shu)(shu)者(zhe),不(bu)言(yan)四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“与”者(zhe),约同王马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)与以(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“驽(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)自(zi)(zi)(zi)圉(yu)(yu)至(zhi)驭夫(fu)(fu),凡马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi),与三(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)不(bu)相(xiang)应”者(zhe),依(yi)经“八(ba)”计(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)此(ci)千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)。其三(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)有千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)不(bu)相(xiang)当。若(ruo)作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)计(ji),得(de)千(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi),与三(san)(san)(san)(san)良(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)数(shu)(shu)合,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破从六(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)。按(an)(an)此(ci)经,乘(cheng)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)师四(si)(si)(si)圉(yu)(yu),三(san)(san)(san)(san)乘(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)(zao),皂(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),三(san)(san)(san)(san)皂(zao)(zao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)系,系一(yi)(yi)驭夫(fu)(fu)。按(an)(an)《序官(guan)》云(yun):“趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi),皂(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),徒四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,即此(ci)。以(yi)(yi)云(yun)皂(zao)(zao)一(yi)(yi)趣(qu)(qu)(qu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),合自(zi)(zi)(zi)师至(zhi)驭夫(fu)(fu),中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),下(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),并之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),正充此(ci)良(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驭夫(fu)(fu)。又不(bu)见(jian)驽(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驭夫(fu)(fu)者(zhe),或(huo)脱也(ye)(ye)。
天子十有二闲,马六种。邦国六闲,马四种。家四闲,马二种。(降杀之差,每厩为一闲。诸侯有齐马、道马、田马,大夫有田马,各一闲,其驽马则皆分为三焉。
○杀(sha),所界(jie)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“降杀”至“三焉”
○释曰:天(tian)子十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),义(yi)已(yi)在上。云“诸侯有(you)齐马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、道(dao)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、田(tian)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),大夫(fu)(fu)有(you)田(tian)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),各(ge)一(yi)(yi)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),其(qi)(qi)驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)皆(jie)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)焉”者(zhe),以驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)之数(shu)上下同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)解。赵商(shang)(shang)问:“《校人职》,天(tian)子有(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。邦国(guo)(guo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家(jia)(jia)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。商(shang)(shang)按:天(tian)子之卿,采地食(shi)小(xiao)都(dou),大夫(fu)(fu)食(shi)县(xian)(xian),不审所由当能共此(ci)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)数(shu)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)记》家(jia)(jia)富(fu)不过(guo)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)乘(cheng),谓其(qi)(qi)多(duo)也。《司马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法》论之,甸(dian)(dian)方八(ba)里(li)(li),有(you)戎马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),长(zhang)毂(gu)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)。今(jin)大夫(fu)(fu)采地四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)甸(dian)(dian),一(yi)(yi)甸(dian)(dian)税又(you)给王,其(qi)(qi)馀三(san)(san)甸(dian)(dian),才有(you)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),今(jin)又(you)就《校人》之职相校,甚异何?”答曰:“邦国(guo)(guo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)数(shu)当千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家(jia)(jia)有(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),又(you)当八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。今(jin)子以何术计(ji)(ji)之乎?此(ci)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)皆(jie)君之所制(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),非谓民赋。畿(ji)内百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)之国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)居(ju)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)都(dou),五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)之国(guo)(guo)居(ju)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)县(xian)(xian),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)之国(guo)(guo)居(ju)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)甸(dian)(dian),而引天(tian)子卿食(shi)小(xiao)都(dou),大夫(fu)(fu)食(shi)县(xian)(xian),欲何以难?又(you)《司马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)法》:‘甸(dian)(dian)有(you)戎马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),长(zhang)毂(gu)一(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)。’此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民出军赋,无与於(wu)天(tian)子国(guo)(guo)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之故(gu)(gu)(gu)。事条(tiao)未(wei)理,而多(duo)纷纭。”赵商(shang)(shang)云“邦国(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)”者(zhe),谓三(san)(san)良(liang)(liang),一(yi)(yi)良(liang)(liang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),三(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。驽(nu)(nu)三(san)(san),其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)合为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家(jia)(jia)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),谓良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),并之千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)七百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),王合於(wu)数(shu)。郑(zheng)不从者(zhe),天(tian)子十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)闲(xian)(xian)(xian),分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)左右(you)(you),一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)两厩,故(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)有(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。诸侯及大夫(fu)(fu)直(zhi)一(yi)(yi)厢,不分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)左右(you)(you),则良(liang)(liang)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)惟(wei)有(you)三(san)(san)厩,三(san)(san)良(liang)(liang)居(ju)三(san)(san)厩,其(qi)(qi)数(shu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)亦三(san)(san),其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)(qi)数(shu)亦六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),并之千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。家(jia)(jia)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),一(yi)(yi)良(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)驽(nu)(nu),良(liang)(liang)居(ju)一(yi)(yi)厩,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),驽(nu)(nu)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)之,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),并之为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)匹(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)氏云子以何术计(ji)(ji)之。
凡马(ma),特居四之一(yi)。(欲其乘之性相似也。物(wu)同(tong)气则心一(yi)。郑司农云:“四之一(yi)者(zhe),三(san)牝(pin)一(yi)牡。”)
[疏]注“欲其”至“一牡”
○释曰:云“欲其乘之(zhi)性相似(si)也”者(zhe),是使三牝各产其一,通(tong)牡为四,共(gong)驾(jia)一车,取同气(qi)一心之(zhi)义(yi)。
春祭马祖,执驹。(马祖,天驷也。《孝经》说曰:“房为龙马。”郑司农云:“执驹无令近母,犹攻驹也。二岁曰驹,三岁曰兆。”玄谓执犹拘也。春通淫之时,驹弱,血气未定,为其乘匹伤之。
○令,力呈反(fan),下“令皆”同。近(jin)(jin),附近(jin)(jin)之(zhi)近(jin)(jin)。兆,徐音肇,刘音道,李(li)汤尧(yao)反(fan),沈徒刀反(fan)。为,于伪反(fan),下“为蹄”同。)
[疏]注“马祖”至“伤之”
○释曰:马与人异,无(wu)先祖(zu)(zu)可寻,而言祭祖(zu)(zu)者(zhe),则天驷也,故(gu)(gu)取《孝经说(shuo)》“房(fang)为(wei)龙马”,是马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)。春(chun)时(shi)通淫(yin),求马蕃息,故(gu)(gu)祭马祖(zu)(zu)。先郑(zheng)云“二(er)岁(sui)曰驹,三岁(sui)曰兆”,《尔雅(ya)》文。云“玄谓春(chun)通淫(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),驹弱,血(xue)气未定(ding),为(wei)其(qi)乘匹伤(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),《论语》孔子云“血(xue)气未定(ding),戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在色”。马亦如(ru)此,故(gu)(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而言也。按(an)《月令(ling)》,仲(zhong)夏(xia)“絷(zhi)腾(teng)驹”,注云:“为(wei)其(qi)牝气有馀(yu),相蹄(ti)。”彼壮气有馀(yu),相蹄(ti),絷(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不为(wei)驹弱者(zhe),絷(zhi)有二(er)种(zhong),此谓二(er)岁(sui)者(zhe),彼据(ju)马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大者(zhe),故(gu)(gu)不同(tong)也。
夏祭先牧,颁马,攻特。(先牧,始养马者,其人未闻。夏通淫之後,攻其特,为其蹄,不可乘用。郑司农云:“攻特谓乘之。”
○蹄(ti),大(da)计反,又(you)音啼,後同。乘(cheng),音缯,又(you)音绳。)
[疏]注“先牧”至“乘之”
○释曰(yue):知(zhi)“先牧”是(shi)养马者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)言先牧,是(shi)放牧者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)先,知(zhi)是(shi)始养马者(zhe)(zhe)。祭之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),夏草茂,求肥充。云(yun)“攻特”者(zhe)(zhe),夏通(tong)淫後,攻其(qi)特,为其(qi)相蹄,不(bu)可乘用故也(ye)。
秋祭马社,臧仆。(马社,始乘马者。《世本·作》曰:“相上作乘马。”郑司农云:“臧仆,谓简练驭者,令皆善也。”玄谓仆,驭五路之仆。
○臧(zang),子郎反(fan)。相,息亮(liang)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“马社”至“之仆”
○释曰:“秋(qiu)祭马社”者(zhe),秋(qiu)时马肥盛(sheng),可(ke)乘用,故祭始(shi)乘马者(zhe)。秋(qiu)而臧仆者(zhe),亦秋(qiu)时万(wan)物成,教(jiao)之使善。
冬祭马步,献马,讲驭夫。(马步,神为灾害马者。献马,见成马於王也。驭夫,驭贰车、从车、使车者。讲犹简习。
○见(jian),贤遍反,下同。从,才用(yong)反。)
[疏]注“马步”至“简习”
○释曰:马(ma)神(shen)称步(bu),谓若玄宾之(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)、人(ren)鬼之(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)类。“步(bu)”与“”字异,音义同。云“献(xian)马(ma),见成马(ma)於王也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以秋(qiu)时万(wan)物(wu)成,亦(yi)献(xian)成马(ma)於王也(ye)。云“驭夫(fu),驭贰车、从车、使(shi)车”者(zhe)(zhe),《驭夫(fu)》文也(ye)。云“讲犹简习”者(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)谓秋(qiu)时物(wu)成,讲之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)成也(ye)。
凡大祭祀、朝觐、会同,毛马而颁之,(毛马,齐其色也。颁,授当乘之。
○毛(mao),如(ru)字,刘莫报反。)
[疏]注“毛马”至“乘之”
○释曰(yue):此三者,皆须马(ma)(ma)从王。故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)毛(mao)马(ma)(ma)而颁(ban)之为齐其(qi)色者。按(an)《毛(mao)诗(shi)传》云(yun):“宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)齐豪,尚(shang)纯也(ye)。戎事齐力(li),尚(shang)强也(ye)。田(tian)猎齐足,尚(shang)疾(ji)(ji)也(ye)。”《尔雅》亦(yi)云(yun)。虽(sui)据(ju)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao),至於(wu)田(tian)猎、军旅,既尚(shang)疾(ji)(ji)尚(shang)力(li),亦(yi)尚(shang)色也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)下云(yun)“凡(fan)军事,物马(ma)(ma)而颁(ban)之”,是(shi)尚(shang)力(li)也(ye)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)“四原(yuan)彭彭,武(wu)王所乘(cheng)”,又云(yun)“四铁孔阜”,秦襄公以田(tian),是(shi)齐色不专据(ju)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)。
饰币马,执扑而从之。(郑司农云:“校人主饰之也。币马,以马遗人,当币处者也。《聘礼》曰:‘马则北面,奠币于其前。’《士丧礼下篇》曰:‘荐马,缨三就,入门北面,六辔,圉人夹牵之,驭者执策立于马後。’”
○扑(pu),普卜(bu)反,刘方沟(gou)反。遗,惟季反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“马後”
○释曰:先郑云以马(ma)当币(bi)(bi)处者,见(jian)经云“饰(shi)币(bi)(bi)马(ma)”,马(ma)可饰(shi),币(bi)(bi)非可饰(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。又见(jian)下(xia)文“凡国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)者,共其币(bi)(bi)马(ma)”,注云“使(shi)者所(suo)用(yong)私觌”,则知(zhi)此直(zhi)以马(ma)遗人,无币(bi)(bi)。且王家遗人无廷实(shi),故(gu)《觐礼(li)(li)》劳(lao)侯氏用(yong)璧,无庭实(shi)也(ye)。引(yin)《聘礼(li)(li)》者,按《聘礼(li)(li)》,此谓(wei)宾入境展币(bi)(bi)时(shi),布幕讫,皮则陈於(wu)幕上,马(ma)则於(wu)幕南,北面,奠币(bi)(bi)於(wu)其前(qian),引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证彼则有(you)币(bi)(bi)有(you)马(ma)。引(yin)《士(shi)丧礼(li)(li)下(xia)篇(pian)》者,据(ju)将葬朝庙(miao)时(shi)陈设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,马(ma)为拟乘车所(suo)驾,故(gu)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“缨三(san)就”者,谓(wei)马(ma)鞅三(san)成舒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“入门北面”者,陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)庙(miao)庭也(ye)。言“交(jiao)辔”者,士(shi)两马(ma),二人牵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证马(ma)有(you)饰(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
凡(fan)宾(bin)客(ke),受其(qi)币马。(宾(bin)客(ke)之币马,来朝(chao)聘而享王者。)
[疏]注“宾客”至“王者”
○释曰:言宾(bin)客来朝享(xiang)王者(zhe)(zhe),《大行人》云(yun)“庙中将币三享(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也。使(shi)客来聘享(xiang)王者(zhe)(zhe),《玉(yu)人职》彖、圭(gui)、璋、璧、琮以┹聘者(zhe)(zhe)也。
大丧,饰遣车之马。及葬,埋之。(言埋之,则是马涂车之刍灵。
○埋(mai),亡皆反(fan),本又作。)
[疏]注“言埋”至“刍灵”
○释曰:言“遣车(che)”,则(ze)《杂记》注“天子(zi)九乘苞,大遣奠,牲体乘别,大牢,苞九个,入圹,藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於椁内(nei)间(jian)外”者(zhe)。云(yun)“涂车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)”者(zhe),按《檀弓》,孔子(zi)云(yun)“涂车(che)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling),自古(gu)(gu)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,谓(wei)“为俑者(zhe)不仁”,俑,谓(wei)偶人(ren)所作,孔子(zi)善古(gu)(gu)而(er)非周,则(ze)古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)以泥(ni)涂为车(che),刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)谓(wei)以刍(chu)草为人(ren)马神(shen)灵(ling)(ling)(ling),至(zhi)周涂车(che)仍(reng)(reng)存(cun),但刻(ke)木为人(ren)马,替古(gu)(gu)者(zhe)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)。今郑云(yun)涂车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling),则(ze)是(shi)仍(reng)(reng)用(yong)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling),与《檀弓》违者(zhe),至(zhi)周实用(yong)俑者(zhe),但郑举古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)况周耳,非谓(wei)周家仍(reng)(reng)用(yong)刍(chu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)也。
田猎(lie),则帅驱逆之(zhi)车。(帅犹(you)将也。)
[疏]“田猎”至“之车”
○释曰:驱逆之车,田仆(pu)设之,但校人主(zhu)车马,帅领田仆(pu)而已。
凡将事于四海、山川,则饰黄驹。(四海,犹四方也。王巡守,过大山川,则有杀驹以祈沈礼与?《玉人职》有宗祝以黄金勺前马之礼。
○沈,直金反,刘(liu)直荫反。)
[疏]“凡将”至“黄驹”
○释曰:谓王行所过山川,设祭礼之然後去,则杀黄驹以祭之,山川地神,土色黄,故用黄驹也。
○注“四海”至“之礼”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“四(si)(si)海(hai),犹(you)四(si)(si)方(fang)也(ye)”者(zhe),王巡狩,惟至方(fang)岳,不(bu)至四(si)(si)海(hai)夷狄,故以(yi)四(si)(si)海(hai)为四(si)(si)方(fang)。云(yun)(yun)“有杀(sha)驹以(yi)祈(qi)沈礼(li)(li)与(yu)”者(zhe),《尔雅》云(yun)(yun):“祭(ji)山(shan)曰县,祭(ji)川(chuan)(chuan)曰浮沈。”今(jin)郑云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)祈(qi)沈”者(zhe),总解过(guo)(guo)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)二事。言“与(yu)”者(zhe),《尔雅》据正祭(ji),此(ci)则行过(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),约与(yu)彼(bi)同,故云(yun)(yun)与(yu)以(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。引(yin)《玉人(ren)职》者(zhe),按(an)彼(bi)有大璋(zhang)(zhang)、中(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang)、边璋(zhang)(zhang),过(guo)(guo)大山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)大璋(zhang)(zhang),过(guo)(guo)中(zhong)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)璋(zhang)(zhang),过(guo)(guo)小(xiao)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)边璋(zhang)(zhang)。下云(yun)(yun)黄金勺(shao),青(qing)金外(wai)朱中(zhong),此(ci)三璋(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勺(shao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“黄金勺(shao)”者(zhe),即彼(bi)三璋(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勺(shao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“前马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)”者(zhe),以(yi)黄金勺(shao)酌酒礼(li)(li)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan),在马牲前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li),引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证过(guo)(guo)山(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)设礼(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)马牲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
凡国之使者,共其币马。(使者所用私觌。
○使(shi),所吏反,注同。)
[疏]注“使者所用私觌”
○释曰:言“国(guo)之(zhi)”,谓(wei)王使(shi)之(zhi)。下聘(pin)问诸(zhu)侯(hou)王行礼後,乃更(geng)以此(ci)币马(ma)私(si)(si)(si)与主君相(xiang)见,谓(wei)之(zhi)私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)臣与君同行,不(bu)得(de)私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)。若(ruo)特聘(pin)则有之(zhi),则聘(pin)礼私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)是也(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),上(shang)文饰币马(ma),是以马(ma)遗人法,非聘(pin),故无私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)。前宾(bin)客(ke)来朝(chao)聘(pin)不(bu)言私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)者,诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)臣於(wu)天子不(bu)敢行私(si)(si)(si)觌(di)(di)故也(ye)。
凡军事,物马而颁之。(物马,齐其力(li)。)
[疏]注“物马齐其力”
○释曰(yue):上朝会言(yan)“毛马(ma)”,郑云“齐其色”。此军事(shi)言(yan)“物(wu)马(ma)”,郑云“齐其力(li)”。物(wu)即(ji)是色,而(er)云齐力(li),当与(yu)上文互以见义(yi),欲见皆有力(li)有色也。
等(deng)驭夫之禄,(驭夫,於(wu)趣马、仆夫为中举,中见上(shang)下。)
[疏]“等驭夫之禄”
○释(shi)曰(yue):掌养马者(zhe),有趣(qu)马、驭(yu)夫、仆夫三者(zhe),皆须等其禄,独云(yun)驭(yu)夫,故郑云(yun)举中见(jian)上下。
宫中之稍(shao)食(shi)。(师圉(yu)府史以下(xia)也。郑司农云(yun):“稍(shao)食(shi)曰(yue)廪。”)
[疏]注“师圉府史以下”
○释曰:上(shang)云驭夫之(zhi)等(deng),言士已上(shang)讫,故知此是师圉府史以下,中仍有胥徒(tu)之(zhi)等(deng)也。
趣马掌赞正(zheng)(zheng)良马,而齐(qi)其饮食,简其六节(jie)。(赞,佐也。佐正(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe),谓校人臧仆讲驭夫之时。简,差也。节(jie)犹量也。差择王马以(yi)为六等。)
[疏]注“赞佐”至“六等”
○释(shi)曰:郑云(yun)“佐(zuo)正(zheng)者(zhe),校(xiao)人(ren)臧仆讲驭夫之时(shi)”者(zhe),以(yi)其校(xiao)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)养马官(guan)之长,校(xiao)人(ren)既有(you)此诸事(shi),而云(yun)佐(zuo)正(zheng),明佐(zuo)此二者(zhe)可(ke)知。云(yun)差择(ze)王马六等(deng),即(ji)上种、戎、齐、道、田、驽是(shi)(shi)也。
掌驾说之颁,(用马之第次。
○说,始锐反。)
[疏]注“用马之第次”
○释曰(yue):凡用马当均(jun)劳逸,故驾说须依(yi)次(ci)(ci)第(di),即颁是(shi)第(di)次(ci)(ci)之序(xu),故知(zhi)是(shi)用马之第(di)次(ci)(ci)也。
辨四时之居治,以听驭夫。(居谓牧<广牙>所处。治谓执驹攻特之属。
○治,直吏反,注同(tong)。<广牙>,音雅,後同(tong)。)
[疏]注“居谓”至“之属”
○释曰:云(yun)“辨四时(shi)之(zhi)居治(zhi)”者,谓二月(yue)已前,八月(yue)已後在(zai)厩,二月(yue)已後,八月(yue)已前在(zai)牧(mu)(mu),故(gu)云(yun)四时(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)“牧(mu)(mu)<广牙>”者,放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)之(zhi)处皆有<广牙>厂(chang)以(yi)荫马也(ye)。以(yi)趣马下士,属驭(yu)夫中士,故(gu)云(yun)听驭(yu)夫。知治(zhi)是“执驹攻特”者,以(yi)是校人之(zhi)事,趣马当佐之(zhi),明是此二事也(ye)。
巫马掌养疾马而乘治之,相医而药攻马疾,受财于校人。(乘谓驱步以发其疾,知所疾处乃治之。相,助也。
○相(xiang),息(xi)亮反,注(zhu)同。)
[疏]“巫马”至“校人”
○释曰:巫(wu)知(zhi)马祟,医知(zhi)马疾,疾则(ze)以药治之,祟则(ze)辨而祈之,二者相须,故巫(wu)助医也。云“受财”者,谓共祈具及药直。
马死,则使其贾粥之,入其布于校人。(布泉也。郑司农云:“贾谓其众官小吏贾二人。粥,卖也。”
○贾,音嫁,注同,又(you)音古。粥,音育(yu)。)
牧师掌牧地,皆有厉禁而颁之。(颁马授(shou)圉者所(suo)牧处。)
[疏]注“颁马”至“牧处”
○释(shi)曰:圉人(ren),掌(zhang)养马(ma)(ma)者,故《圉人(ren)职(zhi)》云“掌(zhang)养马(ma)(ma)刍牧(mu)之事(shi)”。言(yan)“厉(li)禁”者,谓可牧(mu)马(ma)(ma)之处,亦使其地之民(min)遮护(hu)禁止,不得(de)使人(ren)辄牧(mu)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)也。
孟春焚牧,(焚牧地以除陈,生新草也。)
[疏]注“焚牧”至“草也”
○释曰(yue):孟春(chun),谓夏之(zhi)孟春(chun),建寅之(zhi)月,草物将(jiang)出之(zhi)时,牧烧焚(fen)地,除陈草生新草也。
中春通淫,(中春,阴阳交、万物生之时,可以合马之牝牡也。《月令》季春“乃合累牛腾马,游牝于牧”,秦时书也。秦地寒凉,万物後动。
○中,音(yin)(yin)仲,注同。累,力(li)追(zhui)反,刘音(yin)(yin)类。)
[疏]注“中春”至“後动”
○释曰:按《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》,季春“乃合(he)(he)累牛腾(teng)马,游(you)牝於牧(mu)”,彼注云:“此(ci)月(yue)可以(yi)合(he)(he)牛马,系在厩者。其牝欲(yu)游(you),则(ze)就牧(mu)而合(he)(he)之。”若(ruo)然,彼不(bu)系在厩,亦(yi)二月(yue)通(tong)淫,则(ze)与(yu)此(ci)经合(he)(he)矣。今(jin)此(ci)注以(yi)为“《月(yue)令(ling)(ling)》秦(qin)时书,秦(qin)地寒(han)凉,万物(wu)後动”,与(yu)彼注不(bu)同者,郑君两解,故彼此(ci)不(bu)同也。
掌(zhang)其政令。凡田事,赞焚(fen)莱。(焚(fen)莱者,山泽之虞(yu)。)
[疏]“凡田事赞焚莱”
○释(shi)曰:焚莱自是(shi)山泽之(zhi)虞(yu),当二(er)月焚莱除陈生新之(zhi)时,则此官赞山泽之(zhi)虞(yu)也。
人掌十有二闲之政教,以阜马、佚特、教兆、攻驹及祭马祖、祭闲之先牧及执驹、散马耳、圉马。(九者皆有政教焉。阜,盛壮也。《诗》云“四牡孔阜”。杜子春云:“佚当为逸。”郑司农云:“马三岁曰兆,二岁曰驹。散读为中散大夫之散,谓聒马耳,毋令善惊也。”玄谓逸者,用之不使甚劳,安其血气也。教兆,始乘习之也。攻驹,制其蹄者。闲之先牧,先牧制闲者。散马耳,以竹括押其耳,头动摇则括中物,後遂串习,不复惊。
○佚,音(yin)逸。散(san),素(su)但反(fan)(fan),注同(tong)(tong)。聒,古活反(fan)(fan)。毋,音(yin)无。令(ling),力呈反(fan)(fan),下“使令(ling)”同(tong)(tong)。押(ya),音(yin)甲(jia)。中物,丁仲反(fan)(fan)。复(fu),扶又反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“九者”至“复惊”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌十有二闲(xian)之政”者(zhe)(zhe),此文与下(xia)九者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)目,故郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“九者(zhe)(zhe)皆有政教(jiao)焉”。引(yin)《诗》者(zhe)(zhe),证阜(fu)为(wei)(wei)盛(sheng)义(yi)也。子(zi)春(chun)以“佚”为(wei)(wei)“逸”,後(hou)郑(zheng)从之,增(zeng)成其义(yi)。先郑(zheng)“散(san)”读(du)为(wei)(wei)“中散(san)大夫(fu)”之散(san),取音同(tong)也。谓“聒马无令善惊”,後(hou)郑(zheng)亦增(zeng)成其义(yi),後(hou)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“闲(xian)之先牧,先牧制(zhi)闲(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)”,以其通闲(xian)言之也。若然,上云(yun)(yun)(yun)夏(xia)祭先牧者(zhe)(zhe),直是(shi)先养(yang)马者(zhe)(zhe),非制(zhi)闲(xian)之人。
正校人员(yuan)选。(校人谓师圉也。正员(yuan)选者(zhe),选择可备员(yuan)者(zhe)平之。)
[疏]注“校人”至“平之”
○释(shi)曰(yue):知(zhi)校(xiao)人是师(shi)圉者(zhe)(zhe),凡言“正”者(zhe)(zhe),以尊正卑(bei)。自趣(qu)马已(yi)上并上官(guan),非人所(suo)(suo)正,故知(zhi)所(suo)(suo)正者(zhe)(zhe)师(shi)圉。
马八尺以上为龙,七尺以上为来,六尺以上为马。(大小异名。《尔雅》曰:“来,牡骊牡玄,驹骖。”郑司农说以《月令》曰“驾苍龙”。
○上,时掌(zhang)反,下同。牡(mu),茂後反。骊,力知反。牡(mu)骊,绝句。牝,频忍反,绝句。,奴了反,刘音(yin)绕(rao),郭璞音(yin)同,刘义异郑。)
[疏]注“大小”至“苍龙”
○释(shi)曰:引(yin)《尔雅(ya)》所释(shi),作《诗》“来牝三千(qian)”,但诗直音牝不言牡(mu),《尔雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)意,以诗人美卫文公直牝有三千(qian),其实兼有牡(mu),故云(yun)来中所有牝则骊色,牡(mu)则玄色,兼有驹骖。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证来是马(ma)色。先(xian)郑引(yin)《月令》者(zhe),谓春之(zhi)(zhi)三月,天子听朔(shuo)及祀帝,皆驾苍龙,顺时色。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi),以证龙是马(ma)也。
圉师掌教圉人养马,春除蓐、衅厩、始牧、夏<广牙>马,冬献马。射则充椹质,茨墙则翦阖。(蓐,马兹也。马既出而除之。新衅焉,神之也。《春秋传》曰:“凡马,日中而出,日中而入。”故字“<广牙>”为“讶”,郑司农云:“当为<广牙>。”玄谓<广牙>,庑也。庑所以庇马者也。充犹居也。茨,盖也。阖,苫也。椹质、剪阖,圉人所习也。杜子春读椹为齐人言椹之椹。椹质,所射者习射处。
○蓐(ru),音辱。茨,在私反(fan)(fan)。阖(he),户(hu)腊反(fan)(fan)。讶,五嫁反(fan)(fan)。庑(wu),亡甫反(fan)(fan)。庇,必二(er)反(fan)(fan)又音礻必。苫,伤占反(fan)(fan)。,方符(fu)反(fan)(fan)。射,食亦反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“蓐马”至“射处”
○释曰(yue):圉师,即《校(xiao)人》云“良马(ma)乘一师四圉”者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云“夏(xia)<广牙>马(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe),即《趣马(ma)》“辨四时(shi)(shi)(shi)之居”是也(ye)。云“冬献(xian)马(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe),即《校(xiao)人》冬献(xian)马(ma),尊卑连事(shi)相成者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)传》者(zhe)(zhe),左氏(shi)庄二十九年“新(xin)延厩(jiu),书(shu)不(bu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)”。延厩(jiu)当於马(ma)时(shi)(shi)(shi),故云“凡马(ma),日(ri)中(zhong)而(er)出,日(ri)中(zhong)而(er)入(ru)”,谓春(chun)(chun)分秋(qiu)分时(shi)(shi)(shi)。今之孟(meng)春(chun)(chun)新(xin)延厩(jiu),故云不(bu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云“圉人所(suo)习也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),,取椹(shen)斩(zhan),则苫盖(gai)之类(lei)也(ye),皆圉人所(suo)习之事(shi)。子春(chun)(chun)云“椹(shen)质(zhi)所(suo)射者(zhe)(zhe)习射处”者(zhe)(zhe),按《司弓矢(shi)》云:“泽则共椹(shen)质(zhi)之弓矢(shi)。”此云射则充椹(shen)质(zhi),皆谓释宫中(zhong)试弓习武时(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)充也(ye)。
圉人掌养马刍牧之事,以役(yi)圉师(shi)。(役(yi)者,圉师(shi)使令焉。)
[疏]注“役者”至“令焉”
○释曰:乘马一师(shi)四圉,四圉人受圉师(shi)之所使令(ling)焉。
凡宾客、丧(sang)纪(ji),牵(qian)马(ma)而(er)入(ru)陈。(宾客之(zhi)马(ma),王所(suo)以(yi)赐之(zhi)者。《诗(shi)》云:“虽无予之(zhi),路车乘马(ma)。”丧(sang)纪(ji)之(zhi)马(ma),启後所(suo)荐马(ma)。)
[疏]注“宾客”至“荐马”
○释曰:虽同牵马入陈(chen),宾客与丧纪所陈(chen)有异。何者(zhe)?若(ruo)据(ju)宾客,则在馆,天(tian)子使(shi)人(ren)就馆而陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)丧纪,则谓(wei)将葬朝庙时,《既夕礼》荐马缨(ying)三(san)就者(zhe)是也(ye)。天(tian)子朝庙,亦当在祖庙中,陈(chen)设明(ming)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,亦遣人(ren)荐马及缨(ying),入庙陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)马谓(wei)拟驾乘车,吉器(qi)最(zui)先者(zhe)也(ye)。
马亦如之。(马,遣车之马。人捧之,亦牵而入陈。
○捧,众家(jia)并扶恭反(fan)。)
[疏]注“马”至“入陈”
○释曰(yue):此遣车则天子九乘战(zhan)所苞遣奠(dian)以入圹,皆人捧之。云“亦(yi)牵而入陈”者,亦(yi)於祖庙陈此明器也(ye)。但(dan)遣车及马,各使人别(bie)捧,故(gu)上(shang)注(zhu)云“行(xing)则解脱之”是也(ye)。
职方氏掌天下之图,以掌天下之地,辨其邦国、都鄙、四夷、八蛮、七闽、九貉、五戎、六狄之人民与其财用、九、六畜之数要,周知其利害。(天下之图,如今司空舆地图也。郑司农云:“东方曰夷,南方曰蛮,西方曰戎,北方曰貉狄。”玄谓闽,蛮之别也。《国语》曰:“闽,芈蛮矣。”四、八、七、九、五、六,周之所服国数也。财用,泉货贿也。利,金锡竹箭之属。害,神奸,铸鼎所象百物也。《尔雅》曰:“九夷、八蛮、六戎、五狄,谓之四海。”
○闽,亡(wang)巾反(fan),又(you)音文,又(you)亡(wang)千(qian)反(fan),《汉(han)书音义》服虔音近蛮(man),应劭音近文,郑(zheng)氏音。貉,孟白反(fan)。畜,许六反(fan),下同。芈蛮(man),亡(wang)氏反(fan),刘音如羊鸣近米(mi),李(li)云:“今(jin)《周礼》本或无(wu)此字,《国语》则有。”)
[疏]“职方”至“利害”
○释曰:此文与下为目。云“辨其邦国”,据畿外诸侯。“都鄙”,据畿内采地。先邦国,尊诸侯也。云“四夷”者,据四方之夷总目诸方,以九貉当东夷之处。
○注“天下”至“四海”
○释曰(yue)(yue):《大司徒(tu)》云(yun)(yun)“掌建(jian)邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)图(tu)”,注云(yun)(yun):“地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)图(tu)若今司空郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)舆地(di)图(tu)。”此(ci)(ci)注不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼直掌九(jiu)州(zhou)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)(di)(di)(di),九(jiu)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内有(you)邦国(guo)(guo)(guo),故以(yi)郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)职(zhi)方(fang)兼(jian)主夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)(di)(di)(di),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)中,汉时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo),惟置(zhi)校尉掌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故此(ci)(ci)注亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)郡(jun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“东(dong)方(fang)曰(yue)(yue)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)经云(yun)(yun)四夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),即(ji)为(wei)(wei)东(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)九(jiu),於此(ci)(ci)独(du)言(yan)(yan)四,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得即(ji)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)始此(ci)(ci)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先言(yan)(yan)九(jiu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其已(yi)有(you)四夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名为(wei)(wei)目(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)重言(yan)(yan)九(jiu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),故先从(cong)(cong)南(nan)数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“北方(fang)曰(yue)(yue)貉狄(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)既(ji)以(yi)四夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)东(dong)方(fang)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),即(ji)以(yi)貉狄(di)(di)(di)(di)总属北方(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓闽(min)(min),蛮(man)(man)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《国(guo)(guo)(guo)语(yu)》曰(yue)(yue)‘闽(min)(min),芊(qian)蛮(man)(man)矣’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语(yu)》史伯曰(yue)(yue)“蛮(man)(man),芊(qian)蛮(man)(man)矣”,注云(yun)(yun):“谓上言(yan)(yan)叔熊避难於濮蛮(man)(man),随其俗如(ru)蛮(man)(man)人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故曰(yue)(yue)蛮(man)(man)。”彼不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作闽(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼盖(gai)後(hou)人转写(xie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄以(yi)闽(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)正。叔熊居(ju)濮如(ru)蛮(man)(man),後(hou)子从(cong)(cong)分为(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)种,故谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)(qi)闽(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。按(an)经,闽(min)(min)虽(sui)与蛮(man)(man)七(qi)(qi)八(ba)(ba)别(bie)数(shu)(shu),本其是(shi)一,俱属南(nan)方(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“四、八(ba)(ba)、七(qi)(qi)、九(jiu)、五(wu)、六(liu),周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所服(fu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志(zhi)》赵(zhao)商问(wen):“《职(zhi)方(fang)氏》‘掌四夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、八(ba)(ba)蛮(man)(man)、七(qi)(qi)闽(min)(min)、九(jiu)貉、五(wu)戎(rong)、六(liu)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)’,注云(yun)(yun):‘周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所服(fu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu)。’《礼记·明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)位》曰(yue)(yue):‘周公六(liu)年(nian)制(zhi)礼作乐,朝诸侯於明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang),有(you)朝位服(fu)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu),夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)、蛮(man)(man)八(ba)(ba)、戎(rong)六(liu)、狄(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)。’礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)异,未达其数(shu)(shu)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)答:“《职(zhi)方(fang)氏》四夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),四方(fang)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)貉即(ji)九(jiu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),在东(dong)方(fang)。八(ba)(ba)蛮(man)(man)在南(nan)方(fang),闽(min)(min)其别(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戎(rong)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu),或六(liu)或五(wu),两文异。《尔(er)雅(ya)》惟有(you)其数(shu)(shu)耳(er),皆(jie)无(wu)别(bie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。校不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甚明(ming)(ming),故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定。”若然,《尔(er)雅(ya)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)与《明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)》同(tong),皆(jie)数(shu)(shu)耳(er),无(wu)别(bie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。校其错(cuo)可(ke)知。今五(wu)六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正是(shi)数(shu)(shu)耳(er),其事(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甚明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未知何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi),故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定。一礼两礼俱从(cong)(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)其错(cuo)误。按(an)《诗序》云(yun)(yun)“蓼萧(xiao)泽及(ji)四海”,注云(yun)(yun):“九(jiu)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、八(ba)(ba)狄(di)(di)(di)(di)、七(qi)(qi)戎(rong)、六(liu)蛮(man)(man),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四海。”复与《尔(er)雅(ya)》及(ji)《礼》皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),蓼萧(xiao),或後(hou)人转写(xie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误,当以(yi)《尔(er)雅(ya)》与《礼》为(wei)(wei)正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“财用(yong),泉货贿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),财用(yong)为(wei)(wei)泉货财,疏已(yi)备九(jiu)赋(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“利(li),金锡(xi)竹(zhu)箭(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)下经其利(li)有(you)金锡(xi)竹(zhu)箭(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“害(hai),神(shen)奸(jian),铸鼎(ding)所象(xiang)百(bai)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宣三(san)年(nian),楚子问(wen)鼎(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轻重,王孙满(man)对云(yun)(yun)“夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)有(you)德,远方(fang)图(tu)物(wu),贡金九(jiu)牧,铸鼎(ding)象(xiang)物(wu),百(bai)物(wu)而为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备,使民知神(shen)奸(jian)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《尔(er)雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见数(shu)(shu)与此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
乃辨九州之国,使同贯利。(贯,事也。)
[疏]“乃辨”至“贯利”
○释曰:职方(fang)主(zhu)九州之事(shi)(shi),故须分别九州之国。贯,事(shi)(shi)也(ye),使同其(qi)事(shi)(shi)利,不失其(qi)所(suo)也(ye)。
东南曰扬州,其山镇曰会稽,其泽薮曰具区,其川三江,其浸五湖,其利金锡竹箭,其民二男五女,其畜宜鸟兽,其宜稻。(镇,名山安地德者也。会稽在山阴。大泽曰薮。具区、五湖在吴南,浸,可以为陂灌溉者。锡,也。箭,┠也。鸟兽,孔雀、鸾、、犀、象之属。故书“箭”为“晋”,杜子春曰:“晋当为箭,书亦或为箭。”
○会,古(gu)外反(fan)(fan)。薮(sou),素口反(fan)(fan)。区,起俱反(fan)(fan)。浸,子鸩反(fan)(fan),本又作{穴浸}。陂(po),彼宜反(fan)(fan)。溉,古(gu)爱反(fan)(fan)。,音腊。┠,素了反(fan)(fan)。,音交。,音精。)
[疏]“东南”至“宜稻”
○释曰:自此已下陈九州之事,总为三道陈之。先从南方起,盖取尊其阳方。周改《禹贡》,以徐、梁二州合之於雍、青,分冀州地以为幽、并,东南曰扬州,次正南曰荆州,周之西南不置州,统属雍州,即次河南曰豫州,为一道也。次正东曰青州,次河东曰兖州,次正西曰雍州,为二道。又次东北曰幽州,次河内曰冀州,次正北曰并州,为三道。若《禹贡》治水则为二道。又先从下起,与此异也。然既以徐、梁二州合之於雍、青,其二道,则以冀、兖、青、徐为一道,扬、荆、豫、梁、雍为二道。云“其山镇曰会稽”者,九州皆有镇,所以安地德。一州之内,其山川泽薮至多,选取最大者而言,故郑云曰其大者也。
○注“镇名”至“为箭”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)在(zai)山(shan)阴(yin)”,自此(ci)以(yi)下所说山(shan)川之等,一(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)目验(yan)而知,二则(ze)(ze)依《地(di)理(li)(li)志》而说,又(you)所晓处所,皆举郡县(xian)而言(yan)。云(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)在(zai)山(shan)阴(yin)”,山(shan)阴(yin),郡名(ming)(ming)。按《夏(xia)本纪》,太(tai)史公或言(yan)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)会(hui)(hui)诸侯於江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南,计功而崩,因(yin)葬焉(yan),命曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)。会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),会(hui)(hui)计也(ye)(ye)。《皇览》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冢在(zai)山(shan)阴(yin)会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)山(shan),本苗(miao)(miao)山(shan)县(xian)南七(qi)里。越(yue)传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)到越(yue),望苗(miao)(miao)山(shan),会(hui)(hui)诸侯,爵有(you)(you)(you)德(de),封有(you)(you)(you)功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),更名(ming)(ming)苗(miao)(miao)山(shan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)山(shan),因(yin)疾(ji)死,葬棺,冢圹深七(qi)尺(chi),高三(san)尺(chi),土阶三(san)寸(cun)(cun)三(san),周(zhou)方(fang)亩。《吕(lv)氏春秋》云(yun)(yun):“禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葬会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji),不烦徒。”《墨子(zi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葬会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji),衣(yi)裘三(san)领(ling),桐棺三(san)寸(cun)(cun)。”《地(di)理(li)(li)志》云(yun)(yun):“山(shan)上有(you)(you)(you)禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)井。”《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)传》云(yun)(yun):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)群(qun)鸟游田焉(yan)。”是说会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)之事也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)泽曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《泽虞职(zhi)》“大(da)泽大(da)薮(sou)”,注“水锺曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽,水希曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)”,则(ze)(ze)泽薮(sou)别矣。今(jin)此(ci)云(yun)(yun)大(da)泽曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)解(jie)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)泽薮(sou)相因(yin),亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)大(da)泽曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薮(sou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“具区(qu)、五湖在(zai)吴南”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),吴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)(ji)郡属县(xian)名(ming)(ming),依《地(di)理(li)(li)志》,南江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自吴南,震(zhen)泽在(zai)西。通而言(yan)之,亦(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)在(zai)吴南,具区(qu)即震(zhen)泽,一(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“浸可以(yi)为(wei)(wei)陂灌溉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓灌溉稻田者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)箭筱(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye),箭一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)筱(xiao)(xiao),故(gu)(gu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡》云(yun)(yun)筱(xiao)(xiao),是一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)二名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“鸟兽(shou),孔雀、鸾(luan)、”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)鸟也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“犀象(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解(jie)兽(shou)也(ye)(ye)。验(yan)时见有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)鸟兽(shou),故(gu)(gu)据言(yan)焉(yan)。按《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡》云(yun)(yun)九江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),今(jin)在(zai)庐江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、寻(xun)阳(yang)南,皆东(dong)合(he)为(wei)(wei)大(da)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。扬(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)所以(yi)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至寻(xun)阳(yang)南合(he)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi),东(dong)行至扬(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)入彭蠡,复分为(wei)(wei)三(san)道而入海,故(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)。
正南曰荆州,其山镇曰衡山,其泽薮曰云瞢,其川江汉,其浸颍湛,其利丹银齿革,其民一男二女,其畜宜鸟兽,其宜稻。(衡山在湘南。云瞢在华容。颖出阳城,宜属豫州,在此非也。湛,未闻。齿,象齿也。革,犀兕革也。杜子春云:“湛读当为人名湛之湛,湛或为淮。”
○瞢,亡(wang)贡反,刘亡(wang)凤反,李一音(yin)(yin)亡(wang)雄反。湛,直减反,刘又音(yin)(yin)沈,李唐感反。)
[疏]“正南”至“宜稻”
○释曰:“其川江汉”者,扬州云三江,不言汉,此荆州直言江,不言三,兼云汉者,此州江未分为三,故直云江,此州有汉水过焉,故江汉并言也。上文扬州云“其利金锡竹箭”,不云丹银齿革,按《禹贡》荆扬二州俱云贡金三品,则二州通有金锡也。其民一男二女,多於扬州,其畜与扬州同。
○注“衡山”至“为淮”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“云(yun)(yun)瞢在华容”者,按《禹贡(gong)》荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“云(yun)(yun)士(shi)梦作”,得(de)为(wei)泽者,按彼注云(yun)(yun):“其中有平土丘,水去可(ke)为(wei)作畎亩之(zhi)治。”则(ze)此据有水之(zhi)处亦得(de)为(wei)泽也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“颍出阳城,宜属豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),在此非(fei)也(ye)(ye)”者,郑据《地(di)理(li)(li)志(zhi)(zhi)》,故(gu)知(zhi)合在豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。又(you)昭元年,王使刘(liu)定公劳(lao)赵孟于颍,亦在豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),故(gu)破之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“湛(zhan),未(wei)闻地(di)理(li)(li)志(zhi)(zhi)者,据《地(di)理(li)(li)志(zhi)(zhi)》无文(wen),未(wei)知(zhi)何处也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“齿(chi),象齿(chi)也(ye)(ye)”者,对(dui)则(ze)齿(chi)牙(ya)别,通而言之(zhi),牙(ya)亦得(de)为(wei)齿(chi),故(gu)《诗·颂》云(yun)(yun)“元龟(gui)象齿(chi)地(di)理(li)(li)志(zhi)(zhi),是牙(ya)齿(chi)通也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“革(ge),犀兕(si)革(ge)也(ye)(ye)”者,以其利(li)则(ze)可(ke)贡(gong),所贡(gong)之(zhi)革(ge),惟用为(wei)甲,故(gu)函人(ren)有犀兕(si)。《春(chun)秋(qiu)》云(yun)(yun)“犀兕(si)尚(shang)多(duo)”。子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)“湛(zhan)读当为(wei)人(ren)名(ming)湛(zhan)之(zhi)湛(zhan)”,俗读也(ye)(ye);“湛(zhan)或为(wei)淮”不从也(ye)(ye)。
河南曰豫州,其山镇曰华山,其泽薮曰圃田,其川荧雒,其浸波氵差,其利林漆丝,其民二男三女,其畜宜六扰,其宜五种。(华山,在华阴。圃田,在中牟。荥,兖水也,出东垣,入于河,为荥,荥在荥阳。波读为播,《禹贡》曰“荥播既都”。《春秋传》曰:“楚子除道梁氵差,营军临随”,则氵差宜属荆州,在此非也。林,竹木也。六扰,马、牛、羊、豕、犬、鸡。五种,黍、稷、菽、麦、稻。
○华(hua),如字,刘胡(hu)化反。圃,布古反。荧,户扃(jiong)反。氵差,音(yin)(yin)诈,《左传》音(yin)(yin)同(tong)(tong),李(li)庄(zhuang)加反,《字林(lin)》同(tong)(tong),刘昨虽(sui)反,云与音(yin)(yin)大不(bu)同(tong)(tong),故今从高(gao)贵(gui)公。,思似反。扰,而小反,徐刘音(yin)(yin)饶(rao)。中牟,上如字,下莫侯(hou)反,李(li)中音(yin)(yin)仲,牟又无(wu)不(bu)反。,音(yin)(yin)逸。播,音(yin)(yin)波(bo),下同(tong)(tong)。都,张鱼反,本(ben)或作猪(zhu)。)
[疏]注“华山”至“麦稻”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“荥,兖(yan)水也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《禹贡》“济(ji)出(chu)王屋,始出(chu)兖(yan),东流为(wei)济(ji),南渡(du)河,为(wei)荧”,《春秋(qiu)》“战於荧浴斌(bin)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“出(chu)东垣”者(zhe)(zhe),《地理志》文也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“波(bo)读(du)为(wei)播(bo)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《禹贡》有播(bo)水,无(wu)波(bo),故(gu)(gu)引《禹贡》为(wei)证也(ye)(ye)。《春秋(qiu)》者(zhe)(zhe),《左氏》庄四(si)年(nian)传文。云(yun)“林(lin),竹木也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《地官》山林(lin)别官,故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注云(yun):“竹木生(sheng)平地曰(yue)林(lin)。”今许州(zhou)见平地多林(lin)木,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)林(lin)竹木也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“六扰,马、牛、羊、豕(shi)、犬、鸡”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)与《尔雅》六畜及《周礼》六牲一也(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知五种是(shi)黍、稷、菽(shu)、麦(mai)(mai)、稻者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)州(zhou)东与青州(zhou)相接,青州(zhou)有稻麦(mai)(mai),西与雍州(zhou)接,雍州(zhou)有黍稷,故(gu)(gu)知有此(ci)四(si)种。但此(ci)九州(zhou)不言麻与菽(shu)及菰,郑(zheng)必(bi)知取菽(shu)者(zhe)(zhe),盖以(yi)当时目验而知,故(gu)(gu)添为(wei)五种也(ye)(ye)。
正东曰青州,其山镇曰沂山,其泽薮曰望诸,其川淮泗,其浸沂沭,其利蒲鱼,其民二男二女,其畜宜鸡狗,其宜稻麦。(沂山,沂水所出也,在盖。望诸,明都也,在雎阳。沭,出东莞。二男二女,数等,似误也,盖当与兖州同二男三女。郑司农云:“淮或为雎,沭或为洙。”
○沂,鱼祈反。泗,音(yin)四。沭(shu),音(yin)述,李(li)一音(yin)馀戍反。明都,《禹贡》作孟猪,今依《书》读。雎,音(yin)绥。莞,音(yin)管(guan),刘音(yin)灌。洙,音(yin)殊。)
[疏]注“沂山”至“为洙”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知“沂(yi)山沂(yi)水所出(chu)(chu)”者(zhe)(zhe),沂(yi)水出(chu)(chu)沂(yi)山,水乃取名(ming)於(wu)山,故知沂(yi)水出(chu)(chu)焉。云(yun)(yun)“在(zai)盖(gai)”者(zhe)(zhe),盖(gai)亦(yi)县(xian)名(ming),按《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》云(yun)(yun)“海、岱(dai)及淮惟(wei)徐(xu)州(zhou)”,又(you)云(yun)(yun)“淮沂(yi)其”,注云(yun)(yun):“淮、沂(yi),二(er)水名(ming)。《地里(li)(li)志》沂(yi)水出(chu)(chu)今大(da)山盖(gai)县(xian)。”不(bu)(bu)在(zai)青州(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe),周公以(yi)《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》徐(xu)州(zhou)地为青故也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“望诸,明(ming)(ming)都也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》云(yun)(yun):“道(dao)柯泽,被(bei)明(ming)(ming)都。”彼(bi)《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》无望诸,故从明(ming)(ming)都。按《春秋》,宋(song)薮泽有孟诸,明(ming)(ming)都即宋(song)之(zhi)孟诸者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。经有淮泗,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)上来有江及此(ci)淮并下文河,郑(zheng)皆不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)所在(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)四(si)渎之(zhi)名(ming)人皆知之(zhi),故略(lve)而不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。按《禹(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》,淮出(chu)(chu)桐(tong)柏,泗水在(zai)鲁国(guo),出(chu)(chu)济阴(yin)乘氏东(dong),又(you)至(zhi)零(ling)陵入淮,行千二(er)百一(yi)(yi)十里(li)(li)。沭出(chu)(chu)东(dong)莞,属琅琊,南至(zhi)下邳入泗。云(yun)(yun)“二(er)男二(er)女(nv)(nv)数(shu)等(deng),似误也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),若本有此(ci)数(shu)等(deng),当言(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)男一(yi)(yi)女(nv)(nv),明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)作二(er)男二(er)女(nv)(nv),青州(zhou)西北与兖州(zhou)相接(jie),宜(yi)与兖州(zhou)同二(er)男三女(nv)(nv)也(ye)(ye)。
河东曰兖州,其山镇曰岱山,其泽薮曰大野,其川河、,其浸庐、维,其利蒲、鱼,其民二男三女,其畜宜六扰,其宜四种。(岱山在博,大野在巨野。“庐维”当为“雷雍”,字之误也。《禹贡》曰:“雷夏既泽,雍沮会同。”雷夏在城阳。四种,黍、稷、稻、麦。
○野,如字,刘音(yin)与。,子礼反(fan)。庐维,上音(yin)雷,下於恭反(fan)。钜,音(yin)巨。沮(ju),七馀反(fan)。)
[疏]注“岱山”至“稻麦”
○释曰:博与(yu)钜(ju)野皆郡县之(zhi)名(ming),破卢维为雷雍,《地理(li)志》、《禹贡》无(wu)卢维,又字类雷雍,故破从之(zhi),引《禹贡》为证(zheng)也。知“四(si)种黍、稷、稻、麦”者,以其东与(yu)青(qing)(qing)州(zhou)相(xiang)接,青(qing)(qing)州(zhou)有(you)稻麦,西(xi)与(yu)冀(ji)州(zhou)相(xiang)接,冀(ji)州(zhou)有(you)黍稷,故知也。
正西曰雍州,其山镇曰岳山,其泽薮曰弦蒲,其川泾,其浸渭洛,其利玉石,其民三男二女,其畜宜牛马,其宜黍稷。(岳,吴岳也,及弦蒲在。泾出泾阳,在豳地。《诗·大雅·公刘》曰“尻之即”。洛出怀德。郑司农云:“弦或为,蒲或为浦。”
○雍,於(wu)用反(fan),下注(zhu)州名(ming)同。,如锐反(fan),李(li)又(you)而类反(fan)。,徐(xu)口(kou)千反(fan),刘苦见反(fan),李(li)一音空定反(fan)。豳,彼贫反(fan)。尻,弓六反(fan),《诗》作(zuo)鞫(ju)。)
[疏]注“岳吴”至“为浦”
○释曰(yue):雍州云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)利玉石(shi)”,蓝田见(jian)有玉山(shan)(shan),出玉石(shi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)利者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。“其(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)黍稷”,见(jian)雍州宜(yi)麦(mai),不(bu)言者(zhe)(zhe),但黍、稷、麦(mai)并宜(yi),以(yi)(yi)黍稷为(wei)主。云(yun)“岳,吴岳也(ye)(ye),及(ji)弦(xian)蒲在”者(zhe)(zhe),按《地理志》,吴山(shan)(shan)在西,有弦(xian)蒲之(zhi)(zhi)薮,水(shui)出焉,西北入渭,渭出鸟鼠山(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“在豳(bin)地。《诗·大雅·公刘》曰(yue)‘尻之(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)’”,若然,为(wei)水(shui)名,按彼(bi)《毛传》云(yun)“芮,水(shui)也(ye)(ye)”,笺云(yun)“芮之(zhi)(zhi)言内(nei)也(ye)(ye),水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)曰(yue)奥,水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)外曰(yue)鞫”。就涧(jian)(jian)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)外而居,与(yu)(yu)此义违者(zhe)(zhe),按《诗》上(shang)云(yun)“夹其(qi)(qi)(qi)皇(huang)涧(jian)(jian)”,“溯其(qi)(qi)(qi)过涧(jian)(jian)”,故以(yi)(yi)芮鞫为(wei)外内(nei)。今为(wei)水(shui)名者(zhe)(zhe),盖周公制礼之(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)水(shui)名,即(ji)皇(huang)涧(jian)(jian),名曰(yue)耳(er)。犹《禹贡(gong)》大岳,至(zhi)周为(wei)霍山(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“洛(luo)出怀(huai)德”者(zhe)(zhe),此洛(luo),即(ji)《诗》云(yun)“瞻彼(bi)洛(luo)矣(yi)”,一也(ye)(ye),与(yu)(yu)《禹贡(gong)》“导(dao)洛(luo)自熊耳(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)别也(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)彼(bi)洛(luo)出上(shang)洛(luo),经王城(cheng)至(zhi)虎牢入河。
东北曰幽州,其山镇曰医无闾,其泽薮曰<豸奚>养,其川河,其浸时,其利鱼、盐,其民一男三女,其畜宜四扰,其宜三种。(医无闾在辽东,<豸奚>养在长广,出莱芜,时出般阳。四扰,马、牛、羊、豕。三种,黍、稷、稻。杜子春读<豸奚>为奚。
○<豸奚>,音兮(xi)。般,步干(gan)反。)
[疏]注“医无”至“为奚”
○释曰:云“医无闾(lv)在辽东(dong)(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),目验知(zhi)之。汉光武十三(san)年,以辽东(dong)(dong)属青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),二(er)十四(si)年,还属幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。云“<豸奚>养在长(zhang)广”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),长(zhang)广,县名。《地(di)理志》长(zhang)广属徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)琅(lang)琊,有莱山,周时幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)南侵徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之地(di)也。知(zhi)“三(san)种(zhong),黍(shu)(shu)稷(ji)稻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),西与冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)相接(jie),冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皆黍(shu)(shu)稷(ji),幽(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)见宜稻,故知(zhi)三(san)种(zhong)黍(shu)(shu)稷(ji)稻也。
河内曰冀州,其山镇曰霍山,其泽薮曰杨纡,其川漳,其浸汾潞,其利松柏,其民五男三女,其畜宜牛羊,其宜黍稷。(霍山在彘。阳纡所在未闻。漳出长子,汾出汾阳,潞出归德。
○纡,於于反(fan)。汾(fen),扶(fu)文反(fan)。潞,音路。长子,丁丈反(fan),长子,县名(ming),属上党。)
[疏]注“霍山”至“归德”
○释曰:其利松柏(bo),霍(huo)(huo)山见有松柏(bo)出焉(yan)。云(yun)“霍(huo)(huo)山在(zai)彘”者,彘则厉王流于(yu)(yu)彘,後为县(xian)名(ming),汉改为永安(an)县(xian)。按《禹贡》“既(ji)大(da)原,至于(yu)(yu)岳(yue)阳。覃(tan)怀底绩,至于(yu)(yu)衡漳(zhang)”,注云(yun)“岳(yue)阳,大(da)岳(yue)之(zhi)南(nan),漳(zhang)水(shui)横流入河(he)”。《地理志》:大(da)原,今为郡名(ming)。大(da)岳(yue)在(zai)河(he)东(dong)县(xian)彘东(dong),名(ming)霍(huo)(huo)大(da)山。覃(tan)怀为县(xian)名(ming),属河(he)内。漳(zhang)水(shui)出上党(dang),沽(gu)大(da)黾(min)谷,东(dong)比至安(an)平、阜(fu)城入河(he),行千六百八十里。始(shi)是(shi)长子,即上党(dang)也,汾阳、归德皆郡名(ming)。
正北曰并州,其山镇曰恒山,其泽薮曰昭馀祁,其川池、呕夷,其浸氵来、易,其利布帛,其民二男三女,其畜宜五扰,其宜五种。(恒山在上曲阳,昭馀祈在邬,池出卤城,呕夷,祁夷与?出平舒,氵来出广昌,易出故安。五扰,马、牛、羊、犬、豕。五种,黍、稷、菽、麦、稻也。凡九州及山镇泽薮言曰者,以其非一,曰其大者耳。此州界,扬、荆、豫、兖、雍、冀与《禹贡》略同,青州则徐州地也,幽、并则青、冀之北也,无徐、梁。
○,唤胡反(fan)(fan)(fan),李呼哥反(fan)(fan)(fan),又香刑反(fan)(fan)(fan)。池,徒(tu)多反(fan)(fan)(fan),李如字。枢,乌侯反(fan)(fan)(fan),一音驱。邬,徐於据反(fan)(fan)(fan),县名,属太原,刘乌古反(fan)(fan)(fan)。卤,音鲁。)
[疏]注“恒山”至“徐梁”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):上(shang)(shang)曲(qu)阳、邬、卤城、平(ping)舒、广(guang)昌、故(gu)(gu)(gu)安,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)按《地理志(zhi)》知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“五(wu)扰,马(ma)、牛、羊、犬、豕”者(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)扰中鸡为(wei)缓,故(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“五(wu)种(zhong),黍、稷(ji)、菽、麦、稻也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)馈用六(liu)(liu)(liu),则(ze)兼(jian)有(you)(you)菰,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要用,则(ze)去(qu)菰,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知是此(ci)(ci)五(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)。周(zhou)公设经,六(liu)(liu)(liu)扰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),三(san)(san)(san)扰已上(shang)(shang)则(ze)言(yan)(yan)扰,二扰则(ze)指(zhi)兽名(ming)(ming)(ming),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)三(san)(san)(san)四(si)不满六(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe),从下次(ci)去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),三(san)(san)(san)种(zhong)已上(shang)(shang)即言(yan)(yan)种(zhong),二者(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)指(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。云(yun)“凡九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)及山(shan)镇泽薮言(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非一(yi),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)耳”者(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)一(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),山(shan)川多少,各有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)而言(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)“此(ci)(ci)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界,扬荆豫(yu)兖雍(yong)(yong)(yong)冀(ji)与(yu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》略(lve)同(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe),不失本处,虽得旧处,犹有(you)(you)相侵(qin)入(ru),不得正,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)“略(lve)同(tong)(tong)”。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兖州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》侵(qin)青、徐(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》侵(qin)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)、豫(yu),於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》兼(jian)梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》小於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》时(shi)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)北有(you)(you)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、并州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)故(gu)(gu)(gu)知也(ye)。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)无徐(xu)、梁,《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》有(you)(you)徐(xu)、梁,无幽、并。《尔雅(ya)》云(yun):“两河(he)间曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),河(he)南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),济东曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)徐(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),河(he)西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),汉(han)南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),江南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)扬州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),燕曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),济河(he)间曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)兖州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),齐曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)营(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”《诗谱(pu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“雍(yong)(yong)(yong)、梁、荆、豫(yu)、徐(xu)、扬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,咸被其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)。”数不同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》所云(yun)尧舜法(fa)(fa),《尔雅(ya)》所云(yun)似夏法(fa)(fa),《诗谱(pu)》所云(yun)似殷(yin)法(fa)(fa),亦与(yu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》三(san)(san)(san)代不同(tong)(tong),是以(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)异(yi)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)古已来,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),惟(wei)舜时(shi)暂置十(shi)二州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),至(zhi)夏还(hai)为(wei)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《春秋(qiu)》云(yun)“夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方有(you)(you)德也(ye),贡(gong)(gong)金九(jiu)牧”是也(ye)。但(dan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)神(shen)(shen)农已上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)大(da)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),桂州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、迎(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、神(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,至(zhi)黄帝以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,德不及远,惟(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)分为(wei)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《括地象(xiang)》云(yun)“昆仑东南(nan)万(wan)五(wu)千里名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”是也(ye)。九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),所有(you)(you)山(shan)川,或有(you)(you)解出(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处者(zhe)(zhe),至(zhi)江、河(he)、淮(huai)、泗(si)、汉(han)、洛等,不释(shi)所出(chu)(chu)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)等皆(jie)(jie)(jie)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》有(you)(you)成文。如(ru)彼导洛自(zi)(zi)(zi)熊耳、导渭(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)鸟鼠、导河(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)积(ji)石、导江自(zi)(zi)(zi)岷山(shan)、导淮(huai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)桐柏(bo)、导汉(han)自(zi)(zi)(zi)れ冢,为(wei)此(ci)(ci),故(gu)(gu)(gu)不言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》虽言(yan)(yan),义理不明者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)亦辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)》“泾属(shu)渭(wei)”,彼直言(yan)(yan)泾水入(ru)渭(wei),不言(yan)(yan)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所从,如(ru)此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)须释(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所出(chu)(chu)也(ye)。
乃辨九服(fu)(fu)(fu)之邦国(guo),方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王畿(ji),其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)侯(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)甸服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)男服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)采服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卫服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蛮服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)夷服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)镇服(fu)(fu)(fu),又其(qi)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)藩服(fu)(fu)(fu)。(服(fu)(fu)(fu),服(fu)(fu)(fu)事天子也。《诗》云“侯(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)于周”。)
[疏]注“乃辨”至“藩服”
○释曰:此言“九服”,仍除王几为数,故从其外已下为九也。此九服之名言“侯”者,侯之言候,为王斥候。言“甸”者,甸之言田,为王治田出税。言“男”者,男之言任也,为王任其职理。“采”者,事也,为王事民以供上。言“卫”者,为王卫御。言“蛮”者,近夷狄,蛮之言縻,以政教縻来之,自北已下皆夷狄。诸言“夷”者,以其在夷狄中,故以夷言之。言“镇”者,以其入夷狄深,故须镇守之。言“藩”者,以其最在外为藩蓠,故以藩为称。蛮服,《大行人》谓之要服,言“要”,亦是要束为义。自侯服已下,各举一边为号,皆互而通也,其夷狄三服亦自互而相通,是以《大行人》总谓之藩国,世一见也。
○注“服服”至“于周”
○释(shi)曰:此总解“服(fu)”之意。引《诗》云(yun)“侯服(fu)于(yu)周(zhou)”者,见诸侯皆服(fu)事于(yu)周(zhou)之义,故称服(fu)也。
凡邦国,千里封公,以方五百里则四公,方四百里则六侯,方三百里则七伯,方二百里则二十五子,方百另则百男,以周知天下。(以此率遍知四海九州邦国多少之数也。方千里者,为方百里者百。以方三百里之积,以九约之,得十一有奇。云“七伯”者,字之误也。周九州之界,方七千里,七七四十九,方千里者四十九,其一为畿内,馀四十八。八州各有方千里者六。周公变殷汤之制,虽小国,地皆方百里。是每事言“则”者,设法也。设法者以待有功,而大其封。一州之中,以其千里封公,则可四。又以其千里封侯,则可六。又以其千里封伯,则可十一。又以其千里封子,则可二十五。又以其千里封男,则可百。公侯伯子男,亦不是过也。州二百一十国,以男备其数焉。其馀以为附庸。四海之封,黜陟之功,亦如之。虽有大国,爵称子而已。郑司农云:“此制亦见《大司徒职》曰‘诸公之地方五百里,诸侯之地方四百里,诸伯之地方三百里,诸子之地方二百里,诸男之地方百里’。”
○率,音(yin)(yin)律(lv),又音(yin)(yin)类。彳扁(bian),音(yin)(yin)遍。奇,纪宜反(fan)。见(jian),贤遍反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“天下”
○释曰:言“凡邦国”者,畿外要服已内有八州,州别置二百一十国,总有千六百八十国,故云凡也。云“千里封公以方五百里则四公”者,八州,州别有千里之方六,取一千里以封公,又取一千里以封侯,又取一千里以封伯,又取一千里以封子,又取一千里以封男。一州总取千里之方,充五等诸侯,其不满二百一十国者,更取馀一千里方作男国者,备之使满,馀剩地作附庸间田,八州皆然,总结之以周知天下。
○注“以此”至“百里”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)率”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)法,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)率也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“遍知(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)海(hai)(hai)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)经“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)下(xia)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)积(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)奇(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)截,纵(zong)横(heng)皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)截,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),则(ze)得(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)。云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)积(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),用为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)伯(bo),馀(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)奇(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今经云(yun)“方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)七(qi)(qi)(qi)伯(bo)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)言云(yun)“七(qi)(qi)(qi)伯(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”似七(qi)(qi)(qi)字,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)土(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)焉(yan),若(ruo)(ruo)太(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,土(tu)广(guang)万里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)。中(zhong)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),土(tu)广(guang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)。衰末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),土(tu)广(guang)五(wu)(wu)千(qian),中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)。《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、侯(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),伯(bo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”,此(ci)是(shi)(shi)夏制(zhi)(zhi),五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)受地,殷(yin)(yin)汤(tang)承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),合伯(bo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi),惟有(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)受地,与夏同。武王(wang)伐纣,增以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan),爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)地与夏同,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界尚狭(xia)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)武王(wang)崩,成(cheng)王(wang)幼(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能践(jian)阼,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)摄政,六年致太(tai)平,制(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),成(cheng)武王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),斥大九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)受地,则(ze)此(ci)经所云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)“七(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)畿内(nei)(nei),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八。八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)六。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)变殷(yin)(yin)汤(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi),虽(sui)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),地皆方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)然,殷(yin)(yin)三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)(deng)受地,地有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。至(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无问有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、无功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),皆益(yi)(yi)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既皆满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)待(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),乃(nai)益(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),益(yi)(yi)满五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),益(yi)(yi)满四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。伯(bo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),益(yi)(yi)满三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),益(yi)(yi)满二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。男(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),只得(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),乃(nai)更(geng)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。云(yun)“是(shi)(shi)每事言‘则(ze)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),设法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。设法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),而(er)(er)大其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)封(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)(er)言设法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟有(you)(you)(you)(you)二王(wang)後(hou)乃(nai)东西大伯(bo),今八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皆言方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),八州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)岂有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乎?明(ming)知(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆是(shi)(shi)设法以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),乃(nai)大其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)无功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),纵(zong)本是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue),惟守百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地,谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)虞公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),虢公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),旧是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),至(zhi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)仍(reng)守百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)“是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)世(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)尊(zun)而(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小,爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)卑而(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大”。云(yun)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),则(ze)可(ke)(ke)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)侯(hou)(hou),则(ze)可(ke)(ke)六。又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)伯(bo),则(ze)可(ke)(ke)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则(ze)可(ke)(ke)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)。又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)封(feng)(feng)(feng)男(nan)(nan),则(ze)可(ke)(ke)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)”,郑(zheng)云(yun)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲计一(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)须满二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已(yi)下(xia),若(ruo)(ruo)过(guo)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)是(shi)(shi)特赐(ci)法,若(ruo)(ruo)鲁卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)据《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》文。彼下(xia)又(you)(you)云(yun)“天(tian)下(xia)县(xian)内(nei)(nei)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),凡九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),千(qian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。是(shi)(shi)通(tong)畿内(nei)(nei)外为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)数(shu)(shu),并是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)(yin)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六,已(yi)用五(wu)(wu)个(ge)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)五(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)得(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),侯(hou)(hou)六,伯(bo)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu),男(nan)(nan)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),总(zong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六,於二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)仍(reng)少六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。郑(zheng)云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)男(nan)(nan)备其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)”,必(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)男(nan)(nan)备其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)男(nan)(nan)备数(shu)(shu),则(ze)馀(yu)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi),充(chong)数(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足,何得(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)馀(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)。若(ruo)(ruo)然,则(ze)更(geng)取馀(yu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)於前(qian)侯(hou)(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)六用千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),仍(reng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi),开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)个(ge)男(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。於前(qian)伯(bo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),用千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi),又(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)男(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。得(de)(de)(de)(de)此(ci)五(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),添前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),仍(reng)少五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。更(geng)取馀(yu)千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),取五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),前(qian)添百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),得(de)(de)(de)(de)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),馀(yu)仍(reng)残百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》兼闲(xian)田(tian)而(er)(er)言,此(ci)直云(yun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong),文略不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)人作(zuo)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)即(ji)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)闲(xian)田(tian),使大夫治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利民税,若(ruo)(ruo)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畿内(nei)(nei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)邑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)黜陟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上经九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)服总(zong)言,此(ci)经惟言要(yao)服已(yi)内(nei)(nei)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)海(hai)(hai)夷(yi)狄诸侯(hou)(hou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)兼见四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)海(hai)(hai)夷(yi)、镇、藩。言黜陟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、二百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地,有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)进地,得(de)(de)(de)(de)与侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)同,但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)进爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)耳。无功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)过(guo)则(ze)退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)称(cheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《曲礼(li)》云(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)东夷(yi)、北(bei)狄、西戎、南蛮,虽(sui)大曰(yue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)“虽(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)亦(yi)无过(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同名曰(yue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡邦国,小大相维。(大国比小国,小国事大国,各有属,相维联也。
○比,毗志反,下(xia)文“比小(xiao)国”并注(zhu)同。)
[疏]注“大国”至“联也”
○释(shi)曰:春(chun)秋之世,小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)朝(chao)大国(guo)(guo)(guo),大国(guo)(guo)(guo)聘小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo),又有敌(di)国(guo)(guo)(guo)自(zi)相聘,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《司仪》公侯(hou)伯(bo)子男相为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾,又相为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)客。故(gu)《易(yi)·比·象》云“先(xian)王(wang)以(yi)(yi)建万国(guo)(guo)(guo),亲诸侯(hou)”,又《王(wang)制》云:“五国(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)属,属有长。十国(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)连,连有帅。三(san)十国(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卒(zu),卒(zu)有正。二百一十国(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)州,州有伯(bo)。”彼虽是(shi)殷之诸侯(hou),亦是(shi)各有属相维联之事(shi)也,故(gu)郑据而言也。
王设其牧(mu)(mu),(选诸侯之贤(xian)者,为(wei)牧(mu)(mu),使牧(mu)(mu)理(li)之。)
[疏]注“选诸”至“理之”
○释曰:此即《大宰》云“建其(qi)牧”是也。按(an)《大宗伯(bo)》注并《曲礼》注,皆兼伯(bo)而(er)言,此直(zhi)言诸侯者,以侯为主(zhu),无(wu)贤侯乃兼伯(bo)可也。
制(zhi)其(qi)职,各(ge)以其(qi)所(suo)能(neng),(牧(mu)监参伍之属。用能(neng),所(suo)任秩(zhi)次(ci)。)
[疏]注“牧监”至“秩次”
○释曰:此即(ji)《大宰》云“设(she)官分(fen)职”。彼(bi)下文又云“施典於邦国,而建其牧,立其监,设(she)其参,传(chuan)其伍,陈其殷,置(zhi)其辅”也。云“用能,所任秩次”者,称其所任,则以次禄秩之。
制其(qi)贡,各(ge)以其(qi)所(suo)有(you)。(国(guo)之地物所(suo)有(you)。)
[疏]注“国之地物所有”
○释曰(yue):诸(zhu)侯国(guo)无贡於王法,民间得税(shui),大国(guo)半,次(ci)国(guo)三之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),小国(guo)四之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),皆(jie)市取(qu)当国(guo)所(suo)有以贡於王。即《大宰》“九(jiu)贡”,《小行人(ren)》云“春入(ru)贡”及(ji)《禹贡》“厥篚厥贡”之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是也。故郑云“国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)地物所(suo)有”也。
王将巡守,则戒于四方,曰:“各平乃守,考乃职事,无敢不敬戒,国有大刑。”(乃犹女也。守,谓国竟之内。职事,所当共具。
○女,音汝。竟,音境。共,音恭(gong),又九用(yong)反。)
[疏]注“乃犹”至“共具”
○释曰(yue)(yue):《职方(fang)氏》既主四方(fang)诸侯,故至十二(er)年王(wang)将巡守之(zhi)时,先以文书戒(jie)敕于四方(fang)曰(yue)(yue),各(ge)汝当(dang)国(guo)所(suo)(suo)守境(jing)内(nei),待(dai)王(wang)之(zhi)务(wu),无(wu)得失所(suo)(suo)。又当(dang)考校汝所(suo)(suo)拟供王(wang)职事,若(ruo)不敬戒(jie),国(guo)有(you)大刑。大刑,谓杀(sha)之(zhi)也。
及(ji)王之所行,先(xian)道,帅其(qi)属而(er)巡(xun)戒(jie)令。(先(xian)道,先(xian)由王所从道,居前,行其(qi)前日所戒(jie)之令。)
[疏]注“先道”至“之令”
○释曰:此谓王(wang)将发行之时,即在王(wang)前(qian)巡行前(qian)日所施戒(jie)令(ling)豫(yu)备(bei)之等,如前(qian)所施以(yi)不。
王殷国亦如之。(殷犹众也。十二岁王若不巡守,则六服尽朝,谓之殷国。其戒四方诸侯,与巡守同。
○朝,直遥反。)
[疏]注“殷犹”至“守同”
○释曰:王有故,不巡守(shou)於方(fang)(fang)(fang)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),则(ze)春(chun)东方(fang)(fang)(fang)尽(jin)(jin)来,夏南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)尽(jin)(jin)来,秋西方(fang)(fang)(fang)尽(jin)(jin)来,冬北方(fang)(fang)(fang)尽(jin)(jin)来。王待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)各(ge)於其时。在(zai)国(guo)外(wai)为(wei)坛,行朝(chao)觐(jin)盟载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。若然(ran),则(ze)王自(zi)在(zai)国(guo)外(wai)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)云“亦(yi)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),亦(yi)如(ru)上(shang)文戒令四方(fang)(fang)(fang)诸(zhu)侯者(zhe)。王殷国(guo)所(suo)在(zai)无常,或在(zai)畿内国(guo)城外(wai)即(ji)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或向畿外(wai)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故有戒令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
土方(fang)氏掌土圭之法,以致(zhi)日(ri)景。(致(zhi)日(ri)景者,夏至景尺(chi)有五寸,冬至景丈三尺(chi),其间则日(ri)有长短(duan)。)
[疏]注“致日”至“长短”
○释曰:按(an)《玉人职》“土圭尺(chi)(chi)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)以(yi)(yi)致日(ri)(ri)(ri)”。先郑注《大司徒》,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)於颍(ying)川阳(yang)城,夏日(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)昼(zhou)漏半(ban),立八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao),表(biao)北得尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)景(jing),与土圭等,则(ze)(ze)为(wei)地中,以(yi)(yi)建王国也(ye)。冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)丈三尺(chi)(chi)者(zhe),亦於颍(ying)川阳(yang)城昼(zhou)漏半(ban),立八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)表(biao),表(biao)北得丈三尺(chi)(chi)景(jing),亦为(wei)地中。云(yun)“其(qi)间(jian)则(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)长(zhang)短”者(zhe),谓(wei)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)极短,夏至(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)极长(zhang)。其(qi)极长(zhang)极短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)渐(jian)长(zhang),夏至(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)渐(jian)短。假(jia)令冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),日(ri)(ri)(ri)渐(jian)北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)大分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)六小(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)四。大分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)者(zhe),一寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。小(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)者(zhe),十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),又为(wei)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。但日(ri)(ri)(ri)景(jing)一寸(cun)(cun),则(ze)(ze)於地千里(li)(li)。大分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一为(wei)百里(li)(li),小(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)一则(ze)(ze)为(wei)十(shi)里(li)(li)。则(ze)(ze)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),日(ri)(ri)(ri)向南(nan)(nan)行(xing)六百四十(shi)里(li)(li)。但冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)丈三尺(chi)(chi)景(jing),除本尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)外(wai),加丈一尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)。从冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)春分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),昼(zhou)夜(ye)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),则(ze)(ze)减(jian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(chi)七寸(cun)(cun)半(ban)景(jing)。从春分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)到夏至(zhi)(zhi),又减(jian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(chi)七寸(cun)(cun)半(ban)景(jing),则(ze)(ze)减(jian)昼(zhou)丈一尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)。惟有(you)尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)在(zai),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)夏至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)。南(nan)(nan)戴日(ri)(ri)(ri)下万五(wu)(wu)(wu)千里(li)(li),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地中。故云(yun)“其(qi)间(jian)则(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)长(zhang)短”也(ye)。
以土地相宅,而建邦国都鄙。(土地犹度地。知东西南北之深,而相其可居者。宅,居也。
○相,息亮反(fan)(fan),注(zhu)同。度,待洛反(fan)(fan)。深,尺鸩反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以土”至“都鄙”
○释曰:上经据建王国度地法,此经据封畿外及畿内都鄙。
○注“土地”至“居也”
○释(shi)曰:景(jing)一(yi)寸差(cha)千里(li),一(yi)分(fen)(fen)则(ze)(ze)百里(li),但封(feng)邦国(guo)都鄙无过五百里(li)已下,则(ze)(ze)取(qu)分(fen)(fen),无取(qu)於(wu)寸。一(yi)分(fen)(fen)则(ze)(ze)百里(li),为(wei)男国(guo),亦(yi)为(wei)大都。已上差(cha)之(zhi)(zhi),二分(fen)(fen)则(ze)(ze)二百里(li)子国(guo),已外可(ke)知。若小都五十(shi)里(li),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)小分(fen)(fen)五分(fen)(fen),若大夫二十(shi)五里(li),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)小分(fen)(fen)二分(fen)(fen)半。言(yan)“东西南北之(zhi)(zhi)深”者(zhe),景(jing)侵(qin)入为(wei)深,地之(zhi)(zhi)远近里(li)数(shu),侵(qin)入亦(yi)为(wei)深也(ye)。言(yan)相宅者(zhe),既欲(yu)度(du)景(jing),先相所居,乃(nai)後度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)。
以辨土宜土化之法,而授任地者。(土宜,谓九直所宜也。土化,地之轻重粪种所宜用也。任地者,载师之属。
○直,张力反。犀,直吏反。种,章勇反。)
[疏]“以辨”至“地者”
○释曰:既为土方氏,非直度地相宅,亦当相地所宜,故须辨土宜并土化之法而授任地者,此谓以书作法授之。
○注“土宜”至“之属”
○释曰:九(jiu)(jiu)之文(wen),出於(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)职(zhi)。言(yan)土(tu)宜(yi),明(ming)是土(tu)地所宜(yi),故(gu)以(yi)此(ci)推之。云(yun)(yun)“土(tu)化,地之轻重粪种(zhong)所宜(yi)用(yong)也(ye)”者,谓(wei)若《草人职(zhi)》“掌粪种(zhong)之法”。地有九(jiu)(jiu)种(zhong),轻重不同,其所用(yong)粪种(zhong),若用(yong)麋、用(yong)牛之等是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“任地者,载(zai)(zai)师之属”者,载(zai)(zai)师掌任地事(shi),下文(wen)廛里已下,皆是任地之事(shi)也(ye)。
王巡守(shou),则(ze)树王舍。(为之藩罗。)
[疏]注“为之藩罗,”
○释曰:谓若掌(zhang)舍设(she)┕互之时,则此官亦为王於外周树藩罗(luo)。
怀方(fang)氏掌来远(yuan)(yuan)方(fang)之(zhi)民(min),致方(fang)贡,致远(yuan)(yuan)物,而送逆之(zhi),达(da)(da)之(zhi)以(yi)节(jie)。(远(yuan)(yuan)方(fang)之(zhi)民(min),四(si)夷之(zhi)民(min)也。谕(yu)德延誉(yu)以(yi)来之(zhi)。远(yuan)(yuan)物,九州之(zhi)外(wai)无贡法而至者。达(da)(da)民(min)以(yi)旌节(jie),达(da)(da)贡物以(yi)玺节(jie)。)
[疏]“怀方”至“以节”
○释曰:既职名“怀方”,怀,来也,故来远方之民,及致方贡之等。
○注“远方”至“玺节”
○释(shi)曰:知“谕德延誉以(yi)来(lai)之(zhi)”者(zhe),经(jing)直言“来(lai)远方(fang)”,不言别有馀事(shi),故惟晓谕以(yi)王之(zhi)德美,又(you)(you)延引以(yi)王之(zhi)美誉以(yi)招来(lai)之(zhi)。云(yun)“远物,九州之(zhi)外无贡(gong)(gong)法(fa)而至”者(zhe),此(ci)经(jing)上云(yun)“致(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)贡(gong)(gong)”,谓六服诸侯(hou),又(you)(you)云(yun)“致(zhi)(zhi)远物”,宜是藩(fan)国。是以(yi)《大行人》上云(yun)“侯(hou)服世一见,其(qi)贡(gong)(gong)祀(si)物”之(zhi)等,下(xia)文云(yun)“藩(fan)国世一见,各以(yi)贵宝(bao)为贽”,文与此(ci)相当,故知义然也。知“达民以(yi)旌节(jie)(jie),达贡(gong)(gong)物以(yi)玺节(jie)(jie)”者(zhe),达民则行道路,贡(gong)(gong)物即是货(huo)贿(hui),故《掌节(jie)(jie)》云(yun)“道路用旌节(jie)(jie),货(huo)贿(hui)以(yi)玺节(jie)(jie)”是也。
治其委积、馆舍、饮食。(续食其往来。
○续食,音嗣(si)。)
[疏]注“续食”至“往来”
○释曰(yue):按《遗人》云:“十(shi)里(li)有(you)(you)庐(lu),庐(lu)有(you)(you)饮食。三十(shi)里(li)有(you)(you)宿(su),宿(su)有(you)(you)委。五十(shi)里(li)有(you)(you)市,市有(you)(you)积(ji)。”《司仪》云:“遂行如入(ru)之积(ji)。”是续(xu)食其往(wang)来也。
合方氏掌达天下之道路,(津梁相奏,不得陷绝。
○奏,采豆反,本(ben)或作(zuo)凑。)
[疏]“合方”至“道路”
○释曰:官名“合(he)方氏”,当使天下和,合(he)故通达(da)天下道路(lu)。
通其(qi)财利,(茂迁其(qi)有无。)
[疏]注“茂迁其有无”
○释曰:按《尚书·益稷》云(yun):“懋(mao)迁有无(wu)化居。”禹治(zhi)水後,懋(mao)勉(mian)天下,徙(xi)(xi)有之无(wu),易其居积,若材(cai)木(mu)徙(xi)(xi)川泽,鱼盐徙(xi)(xi)山林,是通其财利(li)。
同其数(shu)器(qi),(权衡不得有轻重。)
[疏]注“权衡”至“轻重”
○释曰:施教(jiao)设治之方,先须均其度量权衡,是(shi)以天子巡守(shou)及王者新(xin)升皆(jie)为此(ci)事。故(gu)《尧曰》及《舜典》、《明堂(tang)位(wei)》皆(jie)陈数器之等(deng)。郑知此(ci)数器是(shi)权衡者,下别(bie)见度量,故(gu)知义然。
壹其度量,(尺丈釜锺(zhong)不得(de)有大小(xiao)。)
[疏]“壹其度量”
○释曰(yue):此云(yun)“壹”,即上“同”也(ye)。郑云(yun)“不得有大(da)小”者(zhe),按《律历志(zhi)》,以子黍(shu)(shu)中者(zhe)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)黍(shu)(shu),黄锺之长千(qian)二百黍(shu)(shu),其实一,合(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)合(he),十(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)升(sheng),十(shi)(shi)(shi)升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)斗,十(shi)(shi)(shi)斗为(wei)(wei)(wei)斛,百黍(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)铢,二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四铢为(wei)(wei)(wei)两,十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)两为(wei)(wei)(wei)斤(jin),三十(shi)(shi)(shi)斤(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)钧(jun)(jun),四钧(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)石。一黍(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一分,十(shi)(shi)(shi)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)寸(cun),十(shi)(shi)(shi)寸(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尺,十(shi)(shi)(shi)尺为(wei)(wei)(wei)丈,十(shi)(shi)(shi)丈为(wei)(wei)(wei)引。是五(wu)(wu)度五(wu)(wu)量皆有大(da)小也(ye)。
除其怨恶(e),(怨恶(e),邦国相侵虐。)
[疏]注“怨恶”至“侵虐”
○释曰:合(he)方氏欲(yu)使人和合(he),故除其(qi)邦国相怨恶,即相侵伐及(ji)相虐杀之等也。
同其好善。(所好所善,谓风俗所高尚。
○好,呼报(bao)反(fan),注及下同(tong)。高,如(ru)字(zi),刘古到反(fan)。)
[疏]注“所好”至“高尚”
○释(shi)曰:按《孝(xiao)经(jing)》“乐(le)以移风易俗(su)(su)”,既风俗(su)(su)既风俗(su)(su)别(bie)言,则风、俗(su)(su)异矣(yi)。风,谓政教所施,故(gu)曰上(shang)以风化(hua)下,又(you)云(yun)“风以动(dong)之”,是(shi)也。俗(su)(su),谓民所承(cheng)袭,故(gu)曰“君子行礼,不求变(bian)俗(su)(su)”,是(shi)也。风所高,解好;俗(su)(su)所尚,解善也。
训方氏掌道四方之政事与其上下之志,(道犹言也,为王说之。四方,诸侯也。上下,君臣也。
○为,于伪反(fan),下同。)
[疏]“训方”至“之志”
○释曰:训(xun)方(fang)氏(shi)训(xun)四(si)方(fang)美恶而向王(wang)言之,以其政(zheng)事及君(jun)臣上下皆(jie)有善恶。
诵四方之传道。(传道,世世所传说往古之事也。为王诵之,若今论圣德尧舜之道矣。故书“传”为“傅”,杜子春云:“傅当作传,书亦或为传。”
○传,直专反。注同。)
[疏]“诵四方之传道”
○释曰(yue):上所云(yun)政事及上下(xia)之志,知则向王道(dao)(dao),未必诵(song)(song)之。此文,古(gu)昔之善道(dao)(dao),恒(heng)诵(song)(song)之在口(kou),王问则为王诵(song)(song)之。以其善道(dao)(dao)可传(chuan),故须诵(song)(song)之。
正岁,则布而训四(si)方,(布告以教天下,使(shi)知世所(suo)善恶。)
[疏]注“布告”至“善恶”
○释(shi)曰(yue):正岁(sui),谓夏之建(jian)寅(yin)正月(yue),则布告前所(suo)(suo)道所(suo)(suo)诵之事,教(jiao)天下,使知世所(suo)(suo)善恶(e)也(ye)。
而观新物。(四时於新物出则观之,以知民志所好恶。志淫行辟,则当以政教化正之。
○恶,乌路反(fan)。行辟,下孟(meng)反(fan),下匹亦反(fan)。)
[疏]注“四时”至“正之”
○释(shi)曰:此训方观新物,知(zhi)民善恶(e)之情,谓若《王制》云:“命(ming)市纳贾,以知(zhi)民之所好(hao)恶(e)。志淫好(hao)僻,则当(dang)以政教(jiao)化正(zheng)之。”与(yu)此为类,故(gu)郑云以释(shi)经也。
形方氏掌制邦国之地域,而正其封疆,无有华离之地。(杜子春云:“离当为杂,书亦或为杂。”玄谓“华”读为“亻瓜哨”之亻瓜,正之使不亻瓜邪离绝。
○华,依注音亻瓜,苦(ku)蛙反(fan)。哨(shao),刘羊售反(fan),沈(shen)且笑反(fan)。邪,似(si)嗟(jie)反(fan)。)
[疏]“形方”至“之地”
○释曰:形方氏主知四方土地形势,故使掌作邦国之地域大小形势,又当正其封疆,勿使相侵。
○注“杜子”至“离绝”
○释曰:王者地有(you)亻(ren)瓜(gua)(gua)邪(xie)离(li)绝(jue),递相侵(qin)入不正(zheng),故(gu)(gu)今(jin)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。亻(ren)瓜(gua)(gua)者,两头(tou)宽,中狭(xia)。邪(xie)者,谓一头(tou)宽,一头(tou)狭(xia)。云(yun)(yun)“亻(ren)瓜(gua)(gua)哨之(zhi)(zhi)亻(ren)瓜(gua)(gua)”者,《投壶礼》主人云(yun)(yun)“枉矢(shi)哨壶”,哨是不正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)读(du)从之(zhi)(zhi)。
使(shi)小国(guo)(guo)事大国(guo)(guo),大国(guo)(guo)比(bi)(bi)小国(guo)(guo)。(比(bi)(bi)犹亲也。《易·比(bi)(bi)·象》曰:“先王以建万国(guo)(guo),亲诸侯。”)
[疏]“使小”至“小国”
○释曰:此(ci)亦(yi)如(ru)上《职方氏》云“大(da)小(xiao)相维(wei)”,义(yi)同。注言(yan)“亲(qin)诸侯(hou)”,使(shi)诸使(shi)相亲(qin),递(di)相朝(chao)聘是也。
山师掌山林之名,辨其物与其利害,而颁之于邦国,使致其珍异之物。(山林之名与物,若岱畎丝,峄阳孤桐矣。利,其中人用者。害,毒物及螫噬之虫兽。
○畎,古(gu)犬反,刘孤茗反,又孤善反。峄,音(yin)亦(yi)。螫,音(yin)释,刘呼(hu)洛反。噬,音(yin)逝。)
[疏]“山师”至“之物”
○释曰:此山师及下川师、原师等,皆是遥掌畿外邦国之内山川原隰之等,使出税珍异,以供王家也。
○注“山林”至“虫兽”
○释曰(yue):按《禹(yu)贡》“青(qing)州”云(yun):“岱畎丝”,畎,谷(gu)也,岱山之(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)有之(zhi)(zhi)。“徐(xu)州”云(yun):“峄(yi)阳孤桐”,孤,特(te)也。峄(yi)山之(zhi)(zhi)阳,特(te)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)桐,中为琴瑟。云(yun)“害毒物及螫噬之(zhi)(zhi)虫”者(zhe),谓元蛇蝮蝎(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)也。岱畎、峄(yi)阳是其名。丝、孤桐是其物也。
川师掌川泽之名,辨其物与其利害,而颁之于邦国,使致其珍异之物。(川泽之民与物,若泗滨浮磬,淮夷珠暨鱼,泽之萑蒲。
○,薄田反(fan),刘扶忍反(fan),沈(shen)音嫔。暨,沈(shen)其器反(fan),又(you)其气反(fan)。萑,音丸。)
[疏]注“川泽”至“萑蒲”
○释曰:“徐(xu)州”云(yun)“泗滨浮(fu)磬,淮夷珠(zhu)暨鱼”,注(zhu)云(yun):“泗水(shui)涯水(shui)中见石,可以为(wei)磬。珠(zhu),珠(zhu)名。淮夷二水(shui)出珠(zhu)为(wei)与(yu)美鱼。”
{备逯}师掌四方之地名,辨其丘陵、坟衍、{备逯}隰之名。(地名,谓东原、大陆之属。
○坟(fen),扶云反。)
[疏]“{备逯}师”至“之名”
○释曰:《尔雅·释地》“高平曰原”,此虽以原为主,除山林川泽四者,馀丘陵坟衍原隰六者皆主之。故云“辨其丘陵”已下也。按郑注《大司徒》云:“土之高者曰丘,大阜曰陵,水涯曰坟,下平曰衍,高平曰原,平湿曰隰,皆有名。”
○注“地名”至“之属”
○释曰:《尚书·禹贡》有“东原底平”、“大陆既作”,是(shi)地(di)名也。
物之可以封邑者。(物之,谓相其土地可以居民立邑。
○相,息亮反(fan)。)
[疏]注“物之”至“立邑”
○释曰:按《小(xiao)司(si)徒》云“四井为邑”,据(ju)田中。千室之邑,据(ju)城。二者(zhe)皆须其物色善恶,然後封民(min)。
匡人掌达法则、匡邦国而观其慝,使无敢反侧,以听王命。(法则,八法八则也,邦国之官府都鄙亦用焉。慝,奸伪之恶也。反侧犹背违法度也。《书》曰:“无反无侧,王道正直。”
○慝,他得反。犹背(bei),音佩。)
[疏]“匡人”至“王命”
○释曰:匡,正也。所以正人,故掌通达法则於天下邦国,而观其慝,使无慝恶,使无敢反侧也。
○注“法则”至“正直”
○释曰:云“法(fa)则(ze),八(ba)法(fa)八(ba)则(ze)”者,按《大(da)宰(zai)》云:“八(ba)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)官府(fu)(fu),八(ba)则(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)”,谓王朝官府(fu)(fu)及畿(ji)内都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)。今云以法(fa)则(ze)匡正邦国(guo)而观其(qi)慝,即据诸侯下都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)。外内虽(sui)殊,八(ba)法(fa)八(ba)则(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)官府(fu)(fu)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)即同,故治(zhi)(zhi)官府(fu)(fu)都(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)亦用焉。云“背违(wei)法(fa)度”者,则(ze)是(shi)违(wei)法(fa)则(ze)也。《书》者,《洪范》“皇(huang)极”之章。
扌覃人掌诵王志,道国之政事,以巡天下之邦国而语之,(道犹言也。以王之志与政事谕说诸侯,使不迷惑。
○语,鱼据(ju)反(fan)。说,如字,刘尸锐反(fan)。)
[疏]“扌覃人”至“语之”
○释曰:“诵王志(zhi)”者,在心为志(zhi),欲得(de)使天下顺(shun)从,若(ruo)扌覃(tan)取王之此(ci)志(zhi),又道国(guo)(guo)之政事,用此(ci)二(er)事以巡(xun)国(guo)(guo)而(er)语之,使不迷(mi)惑而(er)向主。
使万民和说而正王面。(面犹乡也。使民之心晓而正乡王。
○说(shuo),音(yin)悦。乡,许(xu)亮反,下同。)
[疏]“使万”至“王面”
○释曰:以上二事向(xiang)诸(zhu)侯(hou)说之(zhi),使诸(zhu)侯(hou)化民(min)(min),而(er)万民(min)(min)正向(xiang)于王。
都(dou)司(si)马掌(zhang)都(dou)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)子(zi)及其众庶(shu)、车马、兵甲之(zhi)戒令。(庶(shu)子(zi),卿大(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)子(zi)。车马兵甲,备(bei)军发(fa)卒。)
[疏]“都司”至“戒令”
○释曰:此(ci)王(wang)都(dou)司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma),故(gu)《序官(guan)》注:“都(dou),王(wang)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)所封及(ji)三公(gong)采地也。司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)主(zhu)其军赋。”故(gu)此(ci)云(yun)“掌都(dou)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)”者,《官(guan)伯》注云(yun):“士(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)。庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi),其支庶(shu)(shu)(shu)。”此(ci)都(dou)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)亦然。云(yun)“及(ji)其众庶(shu)(shu)(shu)、车马(ma)(ma)(ma)、兵(bing)甲(jia)之(zhi)戒令(ling)”者,若王(wang)家有(you)军事(shi),徵兵(bing)于采地都(dou)鄙,则(ze)都(dou)司(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)以书致於士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi),有(you)此(ci)众庶(shu)(shu)(shu)、车马(ma)(ma)(ma)、兵(bing)甲(jia)之(zhi)戒令(ling),士(shi)(shi)庶(shu)(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)受而(er)依行之(zhi)。
以国法掌其政学,(政谓赋税也。学,德学道。
○政,音征,本亦作政,音下同(tong)。)
[疏]注“政谓”至“学道”
○释曰:云“政谓赋税”者(zhe),正谓军之(zhi)(zhi)赋税,无田税、泉税之(zhi)(zhi)等。知(zhi)学是德(de)学道(dao),此亦依国子而言(yan),政知(zhi)亦是修德(de)学道(dao)也。
以听国司马(ma)(ma)(ma)。(听者,受(shou)行其所(suo)徵为也。国司马(ma)(ma)(ma),大司马(ma)(ma)(ma)之属皆是。)
[疏]注“听者”至“皆是”
○释曰(yue):都司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)所掌者,受(shou)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)法而(er)戒令(ling),令(ling)使都之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)庶子,所有(you)徵为皆(jie)取国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)法。云“大(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)属皆(jie)是”者,经国(guo)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)不(bu)云大(da)(da),则(ze)小司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)、军(jun)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)、舆(yu)司(si)(si)(si)马(ma)(ma),皆(jie)得(de)禀其(qi)戒令(ling)。
家司马亦如之。(大夫家臣为司马者。《春秋传》曰“叔孙氏之司马戾”。
○,子公反(fan)。戾,力(li)计反(fan)。)
[疏]注“大夫”至“戾”
○释曰:按《序官》云(yun):“家(jia)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),各使其(qi)(qi)(qi)臣以正於公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。”郑云(yun):“家(jia),卿(qing)大夫采地。正,犹听也(ye)。公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),国(guo)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也(ye)。卿(qing)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)采地,王(wang)(wang)不(bu)特置司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),各自(zi)使其(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia)臣为司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),主(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地之(zhi)(zhi)军赋,往(wang)听政(zheng)於王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),其(qi)(qi)(qi)以王(wang)(wang)命(ming)来有(you)事,则(ze)曰国(guo)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。”若(ruo)然,是(shi)(shi)卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)小都,大夫采地,皆家(jia)自(zi)置司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)明文。引《春秋(qiu)》者(zhe),《左氏》昭二十五年,叔孙氏之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)戾(li)言其(qi)(qi)(qi)众(zhong)曰:“若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)何(he)?”莫(mo)对。又曰:“我(wo),家(jia)臣也(ye),不(bu)敢知(zhi)国(guo)。”彼是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)卿(qing)家(jia)自(zi)置司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。此王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大夫之(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)亦自(zi)置,引诸(zhu)侯(hou)家(jia)法者(zhe),自(zi)置是(shi)(shi)同,故得引以况义也(ye)。