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纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》卷十九 滦阳续录一 在线阅读

[移动版] 作者:纪昀

景薄桑榆,精神日减,无复著书(shu)之(zhi)志,惟时(shi)作(zuo)杂(za)记,聊以(yi)消闲。滦阳(yang)消夏录等四种,皆弄笔遣日者(zhe)也。年来并此懒为,或时(shi)有(you)异闻,偶题(ti)片(pian)纸;或忽忆旧事(shi),拟补前编(bian),又率不甚收拾,如云烟之(zhi)过眼,故久未成书(shu)。今岁五月,扈从滦阳(yang),退直之(zhi)余,昼(zhou)长多暇,乃连缀(zhui)成书(shu),命曰滦阳(yang)续录。缮(shan)写既完,因题(ti)数语(yu),以(yi)志缘起。若夫立言之(zhi)意,则前四书(shu)之(zhi)序详矣,兹不复衍焉。嘉庆戊午七夕后(hou)三日观(guan)奕道人书(shu)于礼部直庐(lu)。时(shi)年七十有(you)五。

嘉庆戊午五月,余扈(hu)从滦阳,将(jiang)行之(zhi)前(qian),赵(zhao)鹿泉(quan)前(qian)辈(bei)云:有(you)瞽(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)郝生(sheng),主彭芸(yun)楣参知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,以揣骨(gu)(gu)(gu)游士大夫间,语多奇险,唯(wei)揣胡祭酒(jiu)长龄,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)四(si)品,不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)状元耳。在江湖(hu)术(shu)士中(zhong),其(qi)(qi)艺差精。郝自称(cheng)(cheng)河间人,余询乡里无知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),殆久游于(yu)外欤?郝又称(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)(qi)师乃(nai)一(yi)僧(seng),操(cao)术(shu)弥高,与人接一(yi)两言(yan),即知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)官禄(lu)。久住深山,立意不(bu)出,其(qi)(qi)事(shi)太(tai)神,则余不(bu)敢信矣。案(an)相人之(zhi)法,见(jian)于(yu)左(zuo)传(chuan)其(qi)(qi)书,汉志(zhi)亦著(zhu)录,唯(wei)太(tai)素(su)脉(mai),揣骨(gu)(gu)(gu)二家,前(qian)古未(wei)闻。太(tai)素(su)脉(mai)至北宋始出,其(qi)(qi)授受渊源,皆(jie)支离附会,依(yi)托显然。余于(yu)四(si)库(ku)全书总目(mu)(mu)已详论(lun)之(zhi)。揣骨(gu)(gu)(gu)亦莫明所(suo)自起,考(kao)太(tai)平广记一(yi)百三(san)十六引三(san)国典略(lve)称(cheng)(cheng),北齐神武(wu)与刘(liu)贵、贾智等射(she)猎,遇盲妪,遍扪(men)诸人,云并富贵。及扪(men)神武(wu),云皆(jie)由此人,似此术(shu)南北朝已有(you)。又定命(ming)录称(cheng)(cheng),天宝十四(si)载陈阳县瞽(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)马生(sheng),捏赵(zhao)自勤头(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)官禄(lu)。刘(liu)公嘉话录称(cheng)(cheng),贞元末有(you)相骨(gu)(gu)(gu)山人,瞽(gu)双目(mu)(mu),人求相,以手扪(men)之(zhi),必知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵贱。剧谈录称(cheng)(cheng),开成中(zhong)有(you)龙复本(ben)者(zhe)(zhe),无目(mu)(mu),善听声,揣骨(gu)(gu)(gu)。是此术(shu)至唐乃(nai)盛(sheng)行也。流传(chuan)既古,当(dang)有(you)所(suo)受,故一(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半解,往(wang)往(wang)或(huo)中(zhong),较太(tai)素(su)脉(mai)稍(shao)有(you)据耳。

诚谋(mou)英勇公阿公言--文成公之(zhi)子,袭封--灯市(shi)口东,有(you)二郎神庙(miao),其(qi)(qi)庙(miao)面西(xi),而晓日初出,辄有(you)金光射室中,似乎返(fan)照。其(qi)(qi)邻(lin)屋则(ze)不然,莫(mo)喻(yu)其(qi)(qi)故(gu)。或曰:是(shi)庙(miao)基址与(yu)中和殿东西(xi)相直,殿上火珠(zhu)--宫殿金顶古谓之(zhi)火珠(zhu)。唐崔曙有(you)明堂(tang)火珠(zhu)诗是(shi)也--映日回光耳。其(qi)(qi)或然欤(yu)。

阿公偶问余刑天干戚事,余举山海经以对(dui)。阿(a)公曰:君勿谓古(gu)记(ji)荒(huang)唐(tang),是诚有(you)(you)也。昔科尔(er)沁台吉(ji)(ji)达尔(er)玛达都,尝(chang)猎于漠北深山(shan)(shan),遇(yu)一鹿(lu)负箭而(er)奔,因引(yin)弧殪之(zhi),方欲收取,忽一骑驰而(er)至,鞍(an)上人(ren)有(you)(you)身无首(shou),其(qi)(qi)目(mu)在两乳,其(qi)(qi)口在脐,语啁(zhou)哳自脐出,虽不可(ke)辨(bian),然观其(qi)(qi)手所(suo)(suo)指(zhi)(zhi)画,似(si)言(yan)鹿(lu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)射,不应(ying)夺之(zhi)也。从骑皆震(zhen)慑失次,台吉(ji)(ji)素有(you)(you)胆,亦指(zhi)(zhi)画示(shi)以彼(bi)射未仆,此箭乃获,当剖而(er)均(jun)分(fen)。其(qi)(qi)人(ren)会意(yi),亦似(si)首(shou)肯(ken),竟(jing)持半鹿(lu)而(er)去(qu)。不知其(qi)(qi)是何部族,居于何地(di),据其(qi)(qi)形(xing)状,岂非刑(xing)天之(zhi)遗类欤(yu)?天地(di)之(zhi)大,何所(suo)(suo)不有(you)(you),儒者自拘于见(jian)闻(wen)耳。案史讫(qi)称(cheng)山(shan)(shan)海经禹(yu)本(ben)纪(ji),所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)怪物,余(yu)不敢信,是其(qi)(qi)书(shu)本(ben)在汉(han)以前,列子(zi)称(cheng)大禹(yu)行而(er)见(jian)之(zhi),伯益知而(er)名(ming)之(zhi),夷坚闻(wen)而(er)志之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)言(yan)必有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)受(shou),特后人(ren)不免(mian)附(fu)(fu)益,又窜(cuan)乱之(zhi),故往往悠谬太甚(shen),且(qie)杂以秦汉(han)之(zhi)地(di)名(ming),分(fen)别观之(zhi)可(ke)矣。必谓本(ben)依(yi)附(fu)(fu)天问作山(shan)(shan)海经,不应(ying)引(yin)山(shan)(shan)海经,反注天问,则(ze)太过也。

胡(hu)中(zhong)丞(cheng)太初,罗山人(ren)(ren)两峰,皆能(neng)视鬼。恒阁学兰(lan)台,亦能(neng)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但不(bu)(bu)能(neng)常见(jian)耳。戊(wu)午五月(yue),在避(bi)暑山庄直庐偶然语及(ji)(ji)。兰(lan)台言鬼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)状仍如(ru)人(ren)(ren),惟目(mu)直视,衣纹则(ze)似片片挂身上,而(er)束之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下垂(chui),与人(ren)(ren)稍殊;质如(ru)烟雾,望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)依稀(xi)似人(ren)(ren)影,侧视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全体皆见(jian),正视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)似半(ban)身入墙(qiang)中(zhong),半(ban)身凸出,其色(se)或(huo)黑或(huo)苍,去人(ren)(ren)恒在一(yi)二丈外,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)逼近(jin),偶猝不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)避(bi),则(ze)或(huo)瑟缩匿(ni)墙(qiang)隅,或(huo)隐入坎井(jing),人(ren)(ren)过乃徐徐出。盖灯昏月(yue)黑,日暮云阴,往往遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)为讶也。所(suo)言与胡(hu),罗二君略相类,而(er)形(xing)状较详(xiang)。知幽(you)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,不(bu)(bu)过如(ru)斯(si),其或(huo)黑或(huo)苍者,鬼本生人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)气,渐久渐散,以(yi)至(zhi)于无。故左(zuo)传称(cheng)新鬼大,故鬼小,殆(dai)由(you)气有(you)厚薄(bo),斯(si)色(se)有(you)浓(nong)淡欤。

兰(lan)台又(you)言,尝晴昼仰视,见(jian)一(yi)龙自西(xi)而东,头(tou)角略与(yu)画图同,惟四足开张,摇(yao)撼如(ru)一(yi)舟之(zhi)(zhi)鼓四桌,尾匾而阔,至末渐纤(xian)(xian),在(zai)似蛇似鱼之(zhi)(zhi)间,腹下正白如(ru)匹练。夫阴雨见(jian)龙,或露(lu)首尾鳞爪耳(er),未(wei)有天(tian)无纤(xian)(xian)翳,不(bu)(bu)风(feng)不(bu)(bu)雨,不(bu)(bu)电不(bu)(bu)雷,视之(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)此其明者。录(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)亦足资博物也。

赵鹿泉前辈言,孙虚船先生未第(di)时,馆于(yu)某家(jia),主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)母适病(bing)危(wei),馆童(tong)具晚餐,至(zhi)(zhi)以有他(ta)事尚未食,命置别室几上。倏(shu)见一(yi)白衣(yi)人(ren)(ren)入室内,方恍(huang)惚错愕,又一(yi)黑衣(yi)短人(ren)(ren)梭巡入。先生入室寻(xun)视,则二人(ren)(ren)方相对大(da)嚼,厉(li)声叱(chi)之(zhi),白衣(yi)者遁去,黑衣(yi)者以先生当门不(bu)得出,匿于(yu)墙隅。先生乃(nai)坐(zuo)于(yu)户(hu)外(wai)观其变(bian),俄主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)踉跄出,曰:顷病(bing)者作(zuo)鬼语(yu),称冥使奉牒来拘,其一(yi)为先生所扼不(bu)得出,恐误程限,使亡人(ren)(ren)获大(da)咎,未审(shen)真伪,故(gu)出视之(zhi)。先生乃(nai)移(yi)坐(zuo)他(ta)处,仿佛见黑衣(yi)短人(ren)(ren)狼狈去,而内寝哭声如沸矣。先生笃实(shi)君子,一(yi)生未尝有妄(wang)语(yu),此事当实(shi)有也。惟是阴律(lv)至(zhi)(zhi)严(yan),神听至(zhi)(zhi)聪,而摄魂吏卒(zu),不(bu)免攘夺病(bing)家(jia)酒食。然则人(ren)(ren)世之(zhi)吏卒(zu),其可不(bu)严(yan)察乎?

门人伊比部秉绶言(yan),有书(shu)生(sheng)赴京应试,寓西河(he)沿旅舍(she)中,壁悬仕女(nv)一(yi)轴,风(feng)姿(zi)艳逸,意态如生(sheng)。每独坐辄注视(shi)凝思,客至(zhi)或不(bu)觉。一(yi)夕,忽(hu)翩然(ran)自画(hua)下(xia)(xia),宛一(yi)好(hao)女(nv)子也,书(shu)生(sheng)虽知(zhi)为(wei)魅,而结(jie)念既久,意不(bu)自持,遂相与(yu)笑语燕婉。比下(xia)(xia)第南归,竟买此画(hua)去,至(zhi)家(jia)悬至(zhi)书(shu)斋,寂无(wu)灵响。然(ran)真真之唤(huan)弗辍也。三四月后,忽(hu)又翩然(ran)下(xia)(xia),与(yu)话旧事不(bu)甚答(da),亦不(bu)暇致诘,但相悲喜,自此狎(xia)谍无(wu)间,遂患羸疾。其父召茅山道(dao)士核治(zhi),道(dao)士熟视(shi)壁上,曰:画(hua)无(wu)妖气,为(wei)祟者非此也。结(jie)坛作法。次日有一(yi)狐(hu)殪坛下(xia)(xia)。知(zhi)先(xian)有邪心,以(yi)邪召邪,狐(hu)故得而假借。其京师之所遇,当亦别一(yi)狐(hu)也。

断天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)非,据礼(li)据律(lv)(lv)而(er)已矣,然(ran)有(you)(you)于礼(li)不(bu)合,于律(lv)(lv)必禁,而(er)介(jie)然(ran)孤行其志者。亲(qin)党家有(you)(you)婢名柳青,七(qi)八岁时,主(zhu)人即指与小(xiao)(xiao)奴(nu)益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)为(wei)妇,迨年(nian)十六七(qi)合婚(hun)。有(you)(you)日,益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)忽以(yi)(yi)博负逃,久而(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)耗,主(zhu)人将以(yi)(yi)配他(ta)奴(nu),誓(shi)死(si)不(bu)肯。婢颇有(you)(you)姿,主(zhu)人乘间(jian)挑(tiao)之(zhi)(zhi),许以(yi)(yi)侧室,亦(yi)誓(shi)死(si)不(bu)肯,乃使一媪说之(zhi)(zhi)曰:汝既不(bu)肯负益(yi)寿(shou)(shou),且暂(zan)从主(zhu)人,当(dang)多方(fang)(fang)觅(mi)益(yi)寿(shou)(shou),仍(reng)以(yi)(yi)配汝。如不(bu)从,既鬻诸远(yuan)方(fang)(fang),无(wu)(wu)(wu)见益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)期矣。婢暗泣数日,竟瘫(tan)首荐(jian)枕席,惟时时促(cu)觅(mi)益(yi)寿(shou)(shou),越(yue)三四载,益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)自投归(gui),主(zhu)人如约为(wei)合卺。合卺之(zhi)(zhi)后,执役如故,然(ran)不(bu)复与主(zhu)人交一语。稍近之(zhi)(zhi),辄避去,加以(yi)(yi)鞭笞,并赂益(yi)寿(shou)(shou),使逼胁,讫不(bu)肯从,无(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)如何,乃善(shan)遣之(zhi)(zhi)。临行以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)箧置主(zhu)母(mu)前(qian),叩拜而(er)去。发(fa)之(zhi)(zhi),皆主(zhu)人数年(nian)所私给(ji),纤毫不(bu)缺。后益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)负贩(fan),婢缝纫拮(jie)据自活,终无(wu)(wu)(wu)悔心(xin)。余(yu)乙酉家居,益(yi)寿(shou)(shou)尚(shang)持铜(tong)磁(ci)器(qi)数事(shi)来(lai)售,头已白(bai)矣。问其妇,云久死(si)。异哉,此婢不(bu)贞不(bu)淫,亦(yi)贞亦(yi)淫,竟无(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)位置,录(lu)以(yi)(yi)待君子论定之(zhi)(zhi)。

吴茂邻,姚安公门客也,见二童互詈,因举一事曰:交河有人尝于途中遇一叟,泥滑失足,挤此人几仆,此人故暴横,遂辱詈叟母。叟怒欲与角,忽瘫首沉思,揖而谢罪,且叩其名姓居址,至歧路别去。此人至家,其母白昼闭房门,呼之不应,而喘息声颇异,疑有他故,穴窗窥之,则其母裸无寸丝,昏昏如醉,一人据而淫之。谛视即所遇叟也。愤激呌呶,欲入捕捉,而门窗俱坚固不可破,乃急取鸟铳,自棂外击之,嗷然而仆,乃一老狐也。邻里聚观,莫不骇笑。此人詈狐之母,特是空言,竟致此狐实报之,可以为善詈者戒。此狐快一朝之愤,反以陨身,亦足为睚眦必报者戒也。

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