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卷十六 十六之五

　　《灵台》，民始附也。文王受命，而民乐其有灵德，以及鸟兽昆虫焉。民者，冥也。其见仁道迟，故於是乃附也。天子有灵台者，所以观祲象，察气之妖祥也。文王受命，而作邑于丰，立灵台。《春秋传》曰：“公既视朔，遂登观台以望，而书云物，为备故也。”
　　○灵(ling)台，杜预注(zhu)《左传》云：“灵(ling)台在始平鄠(hu)县，今属京(jing)兆府所管(guan)。”昆，古(gu)门反(fan)，郑注(zhu)《礼记》云：“明(ming)也。”虫，直弓反(fan)，本或作“虫”，非(fei)。冥(ming)，亡丁反(fan)。冥(ming)冥(ming)，无(wu)知貌。《字林》云：“幽也。”又亡定反(fan)。祲，子鸩反(fan)，阴阳气相侵，渐成祥。观，古(gu)乱(luan)反(fan)。下“观台”、“节(jie)观”同。

[疏]“《灵台》五章，章四句”至“昆虫焉”。
　　○正义曰：作《灵台》诗者，言民始附也。文王受天之所命，而民乐有其神灵之德，以及鸟兽昆虫焉。以文王德及昆虫，民归附之，故作此诗以歌其事也。经说作台，序言始附，则是作台之时民始附也。文王嗣为西伯，三分天下而有其二，则为民所从，事应久矣。而於作台之时，始言民附者，三分有二，诸侯之君从文王耳，其民从君而来，其心未见灵德。至於作台之日，民心始知，故言始附，谓心附之也。往前则貌附之耳。此言作台而民始附，则其附在受命六年。而序追言受命者，以民心之附，事亦有渐。初受命已附，至作台而齐心，故系之受命，见附之所由也。言民始附，首章及二章上二句是也。乐其有灵德，以及鸟兽昆虫者，二章下二句及三章是也。台、囿、沼皆言灵，是明文王有灵德之义。麀鹿，兽也。白鸟，鸟也。昆虫者，《王制》注云：“昆，明也。明虫者，得阳而生，得阴而藏。”阴阳即寒温也，故《祭统》注云：“昆虫，温生寒死之虫。”然则诸蛰虫皆是也。此经无昆虫之事，而三章言鱼，鱼亦虫之别名，举潜物以见陆产，故言昆虫以总之。经先言兽，序先言鸟者，作囿主以养兽，故先言之。序则从其言便，故不同也。四章、卒章言政教得所，合乐详之，亦是灵德之事，故序略之也。
　　○笺“民者”至“备故”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，冥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，《孝经·援神(shen)(shen)(shen)契》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冥冥无(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)见仁道迟，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)始附，解(jie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)晚附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)解(jie)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)祲(jin)(jin)象(xiang)，察气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖祥故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)高曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)，须登台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)官·眡祲(jin)(jin)》“掌十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)煇(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)妖祥，辨吉凶(xiong)。一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祲(jin)(jin)，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)象(xiang)，三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)镌(juan)，四(si)(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)监(jian)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闇，六曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)，七(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)弥，八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)叙，九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隮(ji)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)想。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“妖祥，善恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征。郑(zheng)司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘煇(hui)(hui)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)光(guang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祲(jin)(jin)，阴阳气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)侵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如赤(chi)鸟(niao)(niao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。闇，日(ri)(ri)月(yue)食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)瞢(meng)(meng)(meng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)光(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。叙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)次(ci)叙，如山在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)‘镌(juan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)旁(pang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)刺日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。监(jian)，冠(guan)珥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。弥，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)贯日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隮(ji)，虹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。想，杂气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)似(si)，可(ke)(ke)形(xing)想也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)举天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)(yi)啤ｘ视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)视(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)笺取(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)煇(hui)(hui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)唯言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祲(jin)(jin)、象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初二(er)事(shi)(shi)，馀从可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冯相(xiang)氏(shi)(shi)》、《保(bao)章(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖祥。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。独引(yin)(yin)《视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官名(ming)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仰观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)特(te)取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)冯相(xiang)、保(bao)章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)解(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)作台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)命(ming)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)作邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)丰，立灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)丰邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《含神(shen)(shen)(shen)务》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“作邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)丰，起灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。”《易乾凿度》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伐崇作灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)丰邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)引(yin)(yin)《春(chun)(chun)秋传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，僖五(wu)(wu)(wu)年《左传(chuan)(chuan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)，引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证(zheng)(zheng)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)，礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡分(fen)、至、启、闭，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)书(shu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)物(wu)(wu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)备(bei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”此(ci)略(lve)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)彼小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)异(yi)(yi)。此(ci)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说(shuo)多(duo)异(yi)(yi)。《异(yi)(yi)义(yi)》、《公羊(yang)》说(shuo)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)二(er)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时(shi)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)施化(hua)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)囿(you)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鸟(niao)(niao)兽鱼鳖(bie)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)当(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时(shi)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、囿(you)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)卑(bei)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)南二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)南少阳用(yong)(yong)事(shi)(shi)，万(wan)物(wu)(wu)著见。用(yong)(yong)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，吉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)，朝行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)暮反也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《韩诗(shi)》说(shuo)“辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，圆(yuan)如璧，壅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)，示圆(yuan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)水(shui)(shui)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)春(chun)(chun)射(she)(she)秋飨，尊事(shi)(shi)三(san)老(lao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)更。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南方(fang)七(qi)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，立明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，《五(wu)(wu)(wu)经》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)茅草，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)洁清也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《左氏(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，壅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望嘉祥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《毛诗(shi)》说(shuo)“灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)监(jian)视(shi)(shi)。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，精也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)称(cheng)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，称(cheng)囿(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)囿(you)，称(cheng)沼(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)。谨案《公羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》、《左氏(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)无(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。说(shuo)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。玄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《礼记·王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)然(ran)(ran)后为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左，大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泮(pan)宫(gong)(gong)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)将出(chu)征，受(shou)命(ming)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祖，受(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。出(chu)征执有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪，反，释(shi)奠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讯(xun)馘(guo)告(gao)”。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)即辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)·颂·泮(pan)水(shui)(shui)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“既作泮(pan)宫(gong)(gong)，淮夷攸服。矫矫虎臣，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)泮(pan)献(xian)馘(guo)。淑问如皋陶，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)泮(pan)献(xian)囚。”此(ci)复(fu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)雅·灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)》一(yi)(yi)篇(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)囿(you)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及三(san)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)矣。囿(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、沼(zhao)(zhao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)囿(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)，可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左，大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)，众(zhong)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)昭(zhao)皙，虽(sui)然(ran)(ran)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)远(yuan)矣。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》与(yu)(yu)(yu)《诗(shi)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)察察，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。如郑(zheng)此(ci)说(shuo)，灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)与(yu)(yu)(yu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)即天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)殷制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)虽(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？囿(you)、沼(zhao)(zhao)鱼鸟(niao)(niao)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)萃，终不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)移(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)移(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)耳(er)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)常以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)矣。周(zhou)立三(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，虞(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矣。若然(ran)(ran)，鲁是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)(bu)当(dang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，泮(pan)宫(gong)(gong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)应在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《礼器》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“頖宫(gong)(gong)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《诗(shi)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泮(pan)宫(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。字或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)宫(gong)(gong)。”不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“鲁侯(hou)(hou)戾止(zhi)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)往適之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。盖(gai)鲁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)殷礼，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)与(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)异(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)矣。案《大(da)(da)戴礼·盛(sheng)德(de)(de)篇(pian)(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)尊卑(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。外(wai)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。”《政(zheng)穆(mu)篇(pian)(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)序(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如此(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)矣，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。卢植《礼记注》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)即大(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)昭(zhao)穆(mu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。圆(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)，似(si)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。古(gu)(gu)法(fa)(fa)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，近世殊异(yi)(yi)，分(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)耳(er)。”蔡邕《月(yue)令(ling)论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清貌则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)水(shui)(shui)圆(yuan)如璧则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。异(yi)(yi)名(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”颖子(zi)(zi)(zi)容(rong)《春(chun)(chun)秋释(shi)例(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八名(ming)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。肃然(ran)(ran)清静谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)禘祫(xia)、序(xu)昭(zhao)穆(mu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，告(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)飨射(she)(she)、养(yang)国(guo)(guo)老(lao)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，占云(yun)(yun)(yun)物(wu)(wu)、望气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祥谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，总谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)。”贾逵、服虔注《左传(chuan)(chuan)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”此(ci)等(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)儒(ru)(ru)(ru)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)、灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)异(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，袁准(zhun)《正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)论(lun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，事(shi)(shi)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论(lun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，合以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)《诗(shi)》、《书(shu)》放逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、经典(dian)相(xiang)似(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)复(fu)考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)情，验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道理，失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)矣。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)致(zhi)敬，幽隐清静，鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)(ju)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)使众(zhong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)焉(yan)，飨射(she)(she)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)慢黩，死生(sheng)交错，囚俘截耳(er)，疮痍(yi)流血，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干犯鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理矣。且夫(fu)(fu)(fu)茅茨采椽，至质之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，建日(ri)(ri)月(yue)，乘玉(yu)辂，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，象(xiang)箸玉(yu)杯而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土簋，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如《礼记》先儒(ru)(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)面(mian)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)八丈，南北六丈。礼，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，左昭(zhao)右(you)穆(mu)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)祖宗(zong)(zong)(zong)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)数(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，昭(zhao)穆(mu)安(an)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)？若又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)区别(bie)(bie)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)(ju)，祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，法(fa)(fa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)常处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。配(pei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)位，可(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。事(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)就人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自古(gu)(gu)帝王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)立大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)庠(xiang)、下(xia)庠(xiang)，夏后氏(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)序(xu)、西(xi)序(xu)，殷谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、左学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，周(zhou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)胶、虞(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)老(lao)乞言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)位》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘瞽(gu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，殷学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’周(zhou)置师保(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，居(ju)(ju)虎门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)宫(gong)(gong)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)》‘春(chun)(chun)夏学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)干戈，秋冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)羽(yu)籥，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)序(xu)’。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘秋学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)礼，冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)书(shu)。礼在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瞽(gu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)，书(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)庠(xiang)。’此(ci)周(zhou)立三(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)立其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)立其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘世子(zi)(zi)(zi)齿於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)百(bai)姓所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)养(yang)国(guo)(guo)老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)胶。’不(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。养(yang)国(guo)(guo)老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)右(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，养(yang)庶老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)左学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊，不(bu)(bu)应与(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)左右(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，圆(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)。圆(yuan)象(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。水(shui)(shui)润下(xia)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)惠泽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。水(shui)(shui)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鱼鳖(bie)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)朝诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)讲礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，享鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)岁觐(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，大(da)(da)射(she)(she)养(yang)孤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，众(zhong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)(ju)。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，望气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，训(xun)俭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)居(ju)(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，《月(yue)令(ling)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)居(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)士处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)内(nei)，君臣同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，死生(sheng)参(can)并，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)张三(san)侯(hou)(hou)，大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)步(bu)(bu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)步(bu)(bu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)步(bu)(bu)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。今(jin)未知(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)广狭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)，但(dan)二(er)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)径(jing)三(san)百(bai)步(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾，百(bai)官侍(shi)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)，殆非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能容(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)立五(wu)(wu)(wu)门(men)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能受(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)献(xian)捷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)(shen)(shen)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。总谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)，大(da)(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先儒(ru)(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘《春(chun)(chun)秋》人(ren)(ren)君将行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，告(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，反献(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。’《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》释(shi)奠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讯(xun)馘(guo)告(gao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)句曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)’，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)养(yang)庶老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虞(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)，虞(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。今(jin)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)近而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)远(yuan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乖错，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颖氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘公既视(shi)(shi)朔(shuo)(shuo)，遂(sui)登观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。’以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)遂(sui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)遂(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，遂(sui)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，不(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。马融云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，就阳位’，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)外(wai)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)称(cheng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)阴阳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道，顺时(shi)政(zheng)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。融云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘告(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)’。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)告(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)，上(shang)(shang)下(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，未闻(wen)(wen)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。顺时(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)然(ran)(ran)，未闻(wen)(wen)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)居(ju)(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)问孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)：‘人(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我毁明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，毁诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)？已乎？’孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘夫(fu)(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)欲行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)勿毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。’夫(fu)(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毁，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)独王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)即宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘夫(fu)(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。且说(shuo)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)教(jiao)毁宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)君而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)疑於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)毁与(yu)(yu)(yu)否，虽(sui)复(fu)浅(qian)丈夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)思弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)，去圣不(bu)(bu)远(yuan)，此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)证(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尸子(zi)(zi)(zi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘昔武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)崩(beng)，成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)少，周(zhou)公践东(dong)(dong)(dong)宫(gong)(gong)，祀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，假为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。’明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)左，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)宫(gong)(gong)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，假为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。此(ci)又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)证(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”窃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)准(zhun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)论(lun)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)郑(zheng)意。《大(da)(da)戴礼》，遗逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)多(duo)假托，不(bu)(bu)立学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)官，世无(wu)(wu)(wu)传(chuan)(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《盛(sheng)德(de)(de)篇(pian)(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)“外(wai)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，《政(zheng)穆(mu)篇(pian)(pian)》称(cheng)“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)序(xu)”，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)增，失於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)(shi)实(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先儒(ru)(ru)(ru)虽(sui)立异(yi)(yi)端(duan)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)据为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《月(yue)令(ling)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)居(ju)(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)位》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。”自谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)名(ming)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宜(yi)别(bie)(bie)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

经始灵台，经之营之。庶民攻之，不日成之。神之精明者称灵。四方而高曰台。经，度之也。攻，作也。不日有成也。笺云：文王应天命，度始灵台之基趾，营表其位。众民则筑作，不设期日而成之。言说文王之德，劝其事，忘己劳也。观台而曰灵者，文王化行，似神之精明，故以名焉。
　　○度，待洛反。下同(tong)。应(ying)，应(ying)对(dui)之应(ying)。说(shuo)音(yin)悦。

[疏]“经始”至“成之”。
　　○正义曰：言文王有德，民心附之。既徙於丰，乃经理而量度，初始为灵台之基趾也。既度其处，乃经理之，营表之。其位既定，於是天下众庶之民则竞攻而筑作之，不设期日而已成之。民悦其德，自劝其事，是民心附之也。
　　○传“神之”至“成”。
　　○正义曰：灵是神之别名，对则有精粗之异，故辨之云“神之精明者”。称灵，则灵之为称，就神中精者而名也。“四方而高曰台”，《释宫》文。经度之，谓经理而量度之。攻作，谓庶民筑作之。不日有成，谓不设期日，已成功，言民心乐为之也。
　　○笺“文王”至“以名焉”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：非(fei)天子不得作灵台(tai)，故(gu)本之(zhi)(zhi)云“文(wen)王应天命(ming)，始度灵台(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)基趾”也(ye)。营表(biao)其位(wei)，谓以绳(sheng)度立表(biao)，以定其位(wei)处也(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)唯解灵之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，不解名(ming)台(tai)为(wei)灵之(zhi)(zhi)意，故(gu)申之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)实(shi)观气祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)，而名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)灵者(zhe)，以文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)化行，似神之(zhi)(zhi)精明，故(gu)以名(ming)焉。以此(ci)言文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)，故(gu)因(yin)言文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)化行耳。其实(shi)天子之(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)皆名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)灵台(tai)。服虔《左传(chuan)(chuan)》注云：“天子曰(yue)(yue)灵台(tai)，诸侯曰(yue)(yue)观台(tai)。”是也(ye)。若然《书传(chuan)(chuan)》说“武王渡河，言观台(tai)亚”者(zhe)，彼谓在台(tai)仰观之(zhi)(zhi)人，不得谓其人为(wei)台(tai)，故(gu)指实(shi)言观也(ye)。僖十(shi)(shi)五年《左传(chuan)(chuan)》云：“秦(qin)伯获晋(jin)侯以归，乃舍诸灵台(tai)。”秦(qin)是诸侯，而得有灵台(tai)者(zhe)，杜预云：“在京(jing)兆鄠县，周之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)台(tai)也(ye)。”哀二(er)十(shi)(shi)五年《左传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“卫侯为(wei)灵台(tai)於藉圃。”言为(wei)，则(ze)是新(xin)造。其时(shi)僣名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

经始勿亟，庶民子来。笺云：亟，急也。度始灵台之基趾，非有急成之意。众民各以子成父事而来攻之。
　　○亟，居(ju)力(li)反。

王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏。囿，所以域养禽兽也。天子百里，诸侯四十里。灵囿，言灵道行於囿也。麀，牝也。笺云：攸，所也。文王亲至灵囿，视牝鹿所游伏之处，言爱物也。
　　○囿音又，徐于目反。麀音忧。麀牝，牝，频刃(ren)反。处(chu)，昌(chang)虑反。

[疏]传“囿所以”至“於囿”。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《春秋》成十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)筑鹿(lu)囿(you)(you)。昭九年(nian)筑郎囿(you)(you)。则囿(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)，筑墙为(wei)界域(yu)而(er)禽兽在(zai)其(qi)(qi)中，故(gu)云(yun)“囿(you)(you)，所以(yi)域(yu)养禽兽也(ye)(ye)”。天子(zi)(zi)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，解正礼耳(er)。其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)之囿(you)(you)，则七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)《孟子(zi)(zi)》云(yun)：“齐(qi)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)问(wen)於孟子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：‘文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)之囿(you)(you)方七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，有(you)诸(zhu)？’孟子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：‘《书传》有(you)之。’曰(yue)(yue)：‘若是其(qi)(qi)大(da)乎？’‘民(min)犹以(yi)为(wei)小(xiao)也(ye)(ye)。’曰(yue)(yue)：‘寡人(ren)之囿(you)(you)方四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，民(min)犹以(yi)为(wei)大(da)，何(he)也(ye)(ye)？’”是宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)自以(yi)为(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)而(er)问(wen)，故(gu)云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)”。以(yi)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)不举天子(zi)(zi)而(er)问(wen)及文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)之七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，则以(yi)为(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)非天子(zi)(zi)之制，明天子(zi)(zi)不止七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)宜为(wei)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。又解囿(you)(you)称灵(ling)(ling)意，言“灵(ling)(ling)道行於囿(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)”。郑《驳(bo)异义(yi)(yi)》云(yun)：“同言灵(ling)(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)，於台(tai)下(xia)为(wei)囿(you)(you)、沼，则似因(yin)(yin)台(tai)为(wei)名，其(qi)(qi)实亦因(yin)(yin)相近，灵(ling)(ling)道遍行，故(gu)皆称灵(ling)(ling)也(ye)(ye)。”《释兽》云(yun)：“鹿(lu)牡麚(jia)、牝(pin)麀(you)。”是为(wei)鹿(lu)牝(pin)也(ye)(ye)。

麀鹿濯濯，白鸟翯々。濯濯，娱游也。翯々，肥泽也。笺云：鸟兽肥盛喜乐，言得其所。
　　○濯，直(zhi)角(jiao)反。翯，户角(jiao)反，《字(zi)林》云：“鸟白肥泽曰翯。”下沃反。乐音洛。下文“於乐”、注(zhu)“喜乐”皆同。

[疏]传“濯濯”至“肥泽”。
　　○正义曰：娱乐游戏，亦由(you)肥泽故(gu)也，二者互相足。

王在灵沼，於牣鱼跃。沼，池也。灵沼，言灵道行於沼也。牣，满也。笺云：灵沼之水，鱼盈满其中，皆跳跃，亦言得其所。
　　○沼，之(zhi)邵反。牣音刃。跃，羊(yang)略(lve)反。跳，徒彫反。

虡业维枞，贲鼓维镛。於论鼓锺，於乐辟雍。植者曰虡，横者曰栒。业，大版也。枞，崇牙也。贲，大鼓也。镛，大锺也。论，思也。水旋丘如璧曰辟雍，以节观者。笺云：论之言伦也。虡也、栒也，所以悬锺鼓也。设大版於上，刻画以为饰。文王立灵台，而知民之归附。作灵囿、灵沼，而知鸟兽之得其所。以为音声之道与政通，故合乐以详之，於得其伦理乎？鼓与锺也。於喜乐乎？诸在辟雍中者，言感於中和之至。
　　○虡音巨。枞(zong)，徐七凶反(fan)，又(you)音冲，冲牙也。沈又(you)音子容(rong)(rong)反(fan)。贲，符云反(fan)，字(zi)亦作“鼖(fen)。镛音容(rong)(rong)。於音乌，郑如字(zi)。下“於乐(le)”、“於论(lun)(lun)”皆同。论(lun)(lun)，卢门(men)反(fan)，一云：“郑音伦。”下同。辟音壁。注同。植，恃职反(fan)，栒，旬尹反(fan)。县音玄。

[疏]“虡业”至“辟雍”。
　　○毛以为，文王既立灵台，而知民心归附。作沼囿，而知鸟兽得所。以为音声之道与政通，故作乐以详之，观己之德行审否，故使人设植者之虡，横者之栒，上加大版而捷业然。又有崇牙，其饰维枞然。於此虡业之上，悬贲之大鼓，及维镛之大锺，然后使人击之，观其和否。於是思念鼓锺，使之和谐。於是作乐在此辟雍宫中。是王之灵道行於人物之验。
　　○郑唯下二句别，义俱在笺。
　　○传“植者”至“节观者”。
　　○正义曰：《释器》云：“木谓之虡。”孙炎曰：“虡栒之植，所以悬锺磬也。”郭璞曰：“悬锺磬之木，植者名为虡。”然则悬锺磬者，两端有植木，其上有横木，谓直立者为虡，谓横牵者为栒。栒上加之大版，为之饰。《释器》云：“大版谓之业。”孙炎曰：“业所以饰栒，刻板捷业，如锯齿也。其悬锺磬之处，又以彩色为大牙，其状隆然，谓之崇牙。”言崇牙之状枞枞然。《有瞽》曰：“设业设虡，崇牙树羽。”此枞亦文承“虡业”之下，故知枞即崇牙之貌枞枞然也。贲，大也，故谓大鼓为贲鼓。《冬官·韗人》云：“鼓长八尺，鼓四尺，中围加三之一，谓鼖鼓。”注亦云：“大鼓谓之鼖。”是也。《释乐》云：“大锺谓之镛。”李巡曰：“大锺音声大。镛，大也。”郭璞曰：“亦名鑮也。”水旋丘如璧者，璧体圆而内有孔，此水亦圆而内有地，犹如璧然。土之高者曰丘，此水内之地未必高於水外，正谓水下而地高，故以丘言之。以水绕丘所以节约观者，令在外而观也。定本及《集注》“镛大锺”之下云：“论，思也。”则其义不得同郑也。
　　○笺“论之”至“之至”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：以(yi)(yi)伦理之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)宜为伦，故(gu)曰“论之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)伦传(chuan)”。唯(wei)言(yan)(yan)栒(xun)虡植(zhi)横，不言(yan)(yan)所用(yong)，故(gu)申明之(zhi)(zhi)，言(yan)(yan)所以(yi)(yi)悬锺鼓(gu)也。以(yi)(yi)经有(you)锺鼓(gu)，故(gu)特言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)磬(qing)鑮(bo)亦有(you)栒(xun)虡也。又(you)解上言(yan)(yan)台、沼，此(ci)言(yan)(yan)作乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)意。文王知民心归(gui)附，鸟兽(shou)得所，以(yi)(yi)为音声之(zhi)(zhi)道与(yu)政通，故(gu)大合(he)诸乐(le)以(yi)(yi)详(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)欲详(xiang)审己德，观其(qi)实允人物之(zhi)(zhi)心以(yi)(yi)否也。此(ci)在(zai)辟雍合(he)乐(le)，必行(xing)养老之(zhi)(zhi)礼，但主(zhu)言(yan)(yan)乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)得理，不美养老之(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)不及焉。治世之(zhi)(zhi)音安(an)以(yi)(yi)乐(le)，故(gu)在(zai)辟雍之(zhi)(zhi)内与(yu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)者，莫(mo)不喜乐(le)，是(shi)其(qi)和之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)也。

於论鼓锺，於乐辟雍。鼍鼓逢逢，矇瞍奏公。鼍，鱼属。逢逢，和也。有眸子而无见曰矇。无眸子曰瞍。公，事也。笺云：凡声，使瞽矇为之。
　　○鼍(tuo)，徒何反，沈又音檀。《草木疏》云：形似蜥蜴，四足长丈(zhang)馀，甲如铠，皮坚厚，宜冒(mao)鼓(gu)。逢，薄红反，《埤苍》云：“鼓(gu)声也。”字作“韸”，徐音丰。矇音蒙。瞍，依字作“叟”，苏口(kou)反，亦作“瞍”，《说(shuo)文(wen)》云：“无目也。”《字林(lin)》先么(me)反，云：“目有(you)眸无珠子也。”眸，莫(mo)侯反。

[疏]传“鼍鱼”至“公事”。
　　○正义曰：《月令》：“季(ji)夏，命渔师(shi)伐(fa)蛟取鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。”渔师(shi)，取鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)官，故(gu)知(zhi)鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)是鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)类属也(ye)(ye)。《书(shu)传(chuan)》注云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)如(ru)蜥蜴，长(zhang)六七(qi)尺。”陆(lu)机《疏》云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)形似水蜥蜴，四足长(zhang)丈馀，生卵大如(ru)鹅卵，甲如(ru)铠甲，今合乐鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)鱼(yu)甲是也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)皮坚，可以冒鼓(gu)。”《月令》注亦云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)皮可以冒鼓(gu)也(ye)(ye)。”美鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)得理，而云(yun)逢逢，故(gu)知(zhi)为(wei)和也(ye)(ye)。矇(meng)(meng)、瞍(sou)皆无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)名，就无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)中以为(wei)等级。矇(meng)(meng)者，言其(qi)矇(meng)(meng)矇(meng)(meng)然无(wu)(wu)所(suo)见，故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)子(zi)而无(wu)(wu)见曰矇(meng)(meng)，即今之(zhi)(zhi)青盲者也(ye)(ye)。矇(meng)(meng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)子(zi)，则(ze)瞍(sou)当无(wu)(wu)，故(gu)云(yun)“无(wu)(wu)眸(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)子(zi)曰瞍(sou)”。其(qi)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)子(zi)，矇(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)别也(ye)(ye)，故(gu)《春官·瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)矇(meng)(meng)》注郑(zheng)司农云(yun)：“无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)眹(zhen)谓之(zhi)(zhi)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)眹(zhen)而无(wu)(wu)见谓之(zhi)(zhi)矇(meng)(meng)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)而无(wu)(wu)眸(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)子(zi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)瞍(sou)。”亦与此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)同也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)则(ze)对而为(wei)名，其(qi)总(zong)则(ze)皆谓之(zhi)(zhi)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)。《尚书(shu)》谓舜为(wei)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)子(zi)，《外传(chuan)》云(yun)“吾(wu)非瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)史”。《周(zhou)(zhou)颂》有(you)(you)(you)(you)《有(you)(you)(you)(you)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)矇(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)职，是瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)总(zong)也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)矇(meng)(meng)二字已是为(wei)官名，故(gu)文不(bu)及瞍(sou)。此(ci)(ci)言瞍(sou)，不(bu)言瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)，各从文之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)便。《外传(chuan)》称“矇(meng)(meng)诵瞍(sou)赋”，亦此(ci)(ci)类也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》上瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)、中瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)、下(xia)(xia)瞽(gu)(gu)(gu)，以智之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)为(wei)等级，不(bu)以目(mu)(mu)为(wei)次第(di)矣。“公，事(shi)”，《释诂》文。

《灵(ling)台》五章，章四句(ju)。

《下武》，继文也。武王有圣德，复受天命，能昭先人之功焉。继文者，继文王之王业而成之。昭，明也。
　　○复，扶又(you)反(fan)。王业，于况反(fan)。

[疏]“《下武》六章，章四句”至“功焉”。
　　○正义曰：经六章，皆(jie)言(yan)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)益有明智，配先(xian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，成其孝思，继(ji)嗣祖(zu)考之(zhi)(zhi)迹，皆(jie)是继(ji)文能(neng)昭先(xian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)焉。经云“三(san)后(hou)在天(tian)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)配於京”，则武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)继(ji)，自大王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)皆(jie)是矣。而序独云“继(ji)文”者，作者以(yi)周道(dao)积基，故本之(zhi)(zhi)於三(san)后(hou)，言(yan)“世(shi)有哲(zhe)王(wang)(wang)(wang)”，见积德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)深远，其实美武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)继(ji)，唯在文王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)。大王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)虽脩德(de)创业，为(wei)(wei)后(hou)世(shi)所(suo)因，而未有天(tian)命，非开基之(zhi)(zhi)主，不足使武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)圣人(ren)继(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)此篇(pian)在《文王(wang)(wang)(wang)》诗后(hou)，故诗言(yan)“继(ji)文”，著其功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)大，且见篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)次也(ye)。文王(wang)(wang)(wang)已受(shou)天(tian)命，故言(yan)“复受(shou)”，为(wei)(wei)亚前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)辞。武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)受(shou)天(tian)命，白鱼入舟(zhou)是也(ye)。

下武维周，世有哲王。武，继也。笺云：下，犹后也。哲，知也。后人能继先祖者，维有周家最大，世世益有明知之王，谓大王、王季、文王稍就盛也。
　　○哲(zhe)，张列反(fan)，本又作(zuo)“悊”，又作(zuo)“喆”，皆同(tong)。知音智。下同(tong)。

[疏]传“武，继”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“下犹”至“就盛”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：居下(xia)世，即(ji)是(shi)在(zai)后，故(gu)云(yun)“下(xia)，犹(you)后也(ye)”。“哲，智”，《释(shi)言》文(wen)。言后人能继祖者(zhe)(zhe)，维周家最大(da)，谓(wei)大(da)王(wang)、王(wang)季、文(wen)王(wang)稍(shao)稍(shao)就盛者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。王(wang)季为西伯，文(wen)王(wang)又受命，是(shi)稍(shao)盛也(ye)。不通(tong)数武(wu)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)，此言哲王(wang)，即(ji)是(shi)下(xia)文(wen)“三(san)后”、“王(wang)配”之文(wen)，别在(zai)於下(xia)，故(gu)知世有(you)之中，不兼武(wu)王(wang)也(ye)。

三后在天，王配于京。三后，大王、王季、文王也。王，武王也。笺云：此三后既没登遐，精气在天矣。武王又能配行其道於京，谓镐京也。
　　○假音遐(xia)，已也(ye)。本(ben)或(huo)作“遐(xia)”。

[疏]笺“此三后”至“镐京”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《曲礼下》云：“天子崩，告丧曰：‘天王登(deng)遐。’”注云：“登(deng)，上也(ye)。遐，已也(ye)。”上已者，若(ruo)仙(xian)去云耳。以三后皆号为王，故以天子之(zhi)礼言之(zhi)。武王居镐(hao)，故知配(pei)行其道於京，谓镐(hao)京也(ye)。

王配于京，世(shi)德(de)作(zuo)求。笺云(yun)：作(zuo)，为(wei)。求，终(zhong)也。武王配行三(san)后之道於镐京者，以其世(shi)世(shi)积德(de)，庶为(wei)终(zhong)成其大(da)功。

[疏]笺“作为”至“大功”。
　　○正义曰：“作(zuo)，为”，《释(shi)言》文(wen)。“求，终(zhong)”，《释(shi)诂》文(wen)。世积厚德，是(shi)当王天(tian)下。文(wen)王未(wei)及诛纣(zhou)，即(ji)是(shi)王事未(wei)终(zhong)。武王乃(nai)终(zhong)之，故云终(zhong)成其大功(gong)。

永言配命，成王之孚。笺云：永，长。言，我也。命，犹教令也。孚，信也。此为武王言也。今长我之配行三后之教令者，欲成我周家王道之信也。王德之道成於信，《论语》曰：“民无信不立。”
　　○成王，如(ru)字，又于(yu)况反。此为如(ru)字。

[疏]笺“命犹”至“不立”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：此(ci)(ci)承“王(wang)(wang)配(pei)于(yu)京”，是配(pei)三后，不配(pei)天(tian)，故(gu)以(yi)命为教令。此(ci)(ci)篇是武(wu)王(wang)(wang)之诗，於(wu)此(ci)(ci)独(du)云(yun)“此(ci)(ci)为武(wu)王(wang)(wang)言(yan)”者，馀文是作者以(yi)已之心论武(wu)王(wang)(wang)之事，此(ci)(ci)则(ze)称武(wu)王(wang)(wang)口自所言(yan)，故(gu)辨之也。又解欲成王(wang)(wang)道，所为多矣，独(du)以(yi)信(xin)为言(yan)者，由王(wang)(wang)德之道成於(wu)信(xin)，欲使民信(xin)王(wang)(wang)道，然后天(tian)下顺从，必伐纣(zhou)，功成然始得(de)耳。以(yi)民无信(xin)不立，故(gu)引《论语》以(yi)证(zheng)之。

成王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孚，下土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式。式，法也(ye)。笺云：王道尚信(xin)，则(ze)天下以(yi)为法，勤行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。永言孝思，孝思维则(ze)。则(ze)其先人也(ye)。笺云：长我(wo)孝心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)思。所(suo)思者，其维则(ze)三(san)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)行。子(zi)孙以(yi)顺祖考为孝。

媚(mei)兹(zi)一(yi)人(ren)，应侯顺德。一(yi)人(ren)，天(tian)子也。应，当(dang)。侯，维也。笺云：媚(mei)，爱。兹(zi)，此(ci)(ci)也。可(ke)爱乎武王，能(neng)(neng)当(dang)此(ci)(ci)顺德。谓能(neng)(neng)成其祖考之功也。《易》曰：“君子以顺德，积小以高(gao)大。”

永言孝思，昭哉(zai)嗣服(fu)(fu)。笺云：服(fu)(fu)，事也。明哉(zai)，武(wu)王之嗣行祖考之事。谓伐纣定天下。

[疏]“媚兹”至“嗣服”。
　　○正义曰：既言武王能法则三后之道，故於此叹而美之。可爱乎，此一人之武王。所以可爱者，以其能当此维顺之德。祖考欲定天下，武王能顺而定之，是能当顺德。又述武王所言而叹美之。武王自言，长我孝心之所思者，此事显明哉。武王实能嗣行祖考之事，伐纣定天下，是能嗣祖考也。
　　○传“一人”至“侯维”。
　　○正义曰：《曲礼下》云：“天子自称曰予一人。”言其天下之贵，唯一人而已，谓天子为一人。“应，当”，《释诂》文。又云：“维，侯也。”是侯得为维也。
　　○笺“可爱”至“高大”。
　　○正义曰：序言“继文”，此云“顺德”，故知是顺其先人之心，成其祖考之德。所引《易》者，《升卦·象辞》。升卦巽下坤上，故言木生地中。木渐而顺长以成树，犹人顺德以成功。彼谓一人之身，渐积以成，此则顺父祖而成事，亦相类，故引以为证。定本作“慎德”。准约此诗上下及《易》，宜为顺字。又《集注》亦作“顺”，疑定本误。
　　○笺“服事”至“天下”。
　　○正曰：“服(fu)，事”，《释诂》文(wen)。《礼记·大传》曰：“牧之野，武(wu)(wu)王之大事。”故(gu)知嗣(si)行祖考之事，唯谓(wei)伐纣定(ding)天(tian)下(xia)也。上言(yan)“永言(yan)配命”、“永言(yan)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思”，其下(xia)句云“成王之孚”、“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思维则”，亦是武(wu)(wu)王自言(yan)。此(ci)云“昭哉嗣(si)服(fu)”，是作(zuo)者美武(wu)(wu)王之辞，所(suo)以(yi)亦与“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思”相连(lian)者，上云“永言(yan)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思”，是武(wu)(wu)王自言(yan)，此(ci)又述武(wu)(wu)王之言(yan)，叹而美之，并此(ci)“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)思”之句，亦非武(wu)(wu)王自言(yan)，得与嗣(si)服(fu)相连(lian)也。

昭兹来许，绳其祖武。许，进。绳，戒。武，迹也。笺云：兹，此。来，勤也。武王能明此勤行，进於善道，戒慎其祖考所履践之迹，美其终成之。
　　○来(lai)，王如字(zi)，郑音赉(lai)。下篇“来(lai)孝”同。

於万斯年，受天之祜。笺云：祜，福也。天下乐仰武王之德，欲其寿考之言也。
　　○祜音户(hu)。下同。

[疏]“昭兹”至“之祜”。
　　○正义曰：既言武王能嗣行祖事，又美其为民所乐仰。言武王能明此勤行，进於善道，戒慎其祖考所行之迹而践行之，犹行善不倦，故为天下乐仰，皆欲令武王得於万年之寿，且又多受天之福禄。言武王行善之故，为民爱之如此。
　　○传“许进”至“武迹”。
　　○正义曰：以礼法既许，而后得进，故以许为进。“绳，戒。武，迹”，皆《释训》文。
　　○笺“兹此”至“成之”。
　　○正义曰：“兹，此。来，勤”，皆《释诂》文。戒慎祖考践履之迹，谓谨慎奉行，故美其终成之。
　　○笺“祜福”至“之言”。
　　○正义曰：“祜(hu)，福(fu)”，《释诂》文(wen)。以万年受福(fu)，是祝(zhu)庆之(zhi)辞，故知武王(wang)为天下所乐仰，此是欲其得福(fu)之(zhi)言也。

受(shou)(shou)天之祜，四方来贺(he)。於万(wan)斯年(nian)，不(bu)遐有佐(zuo)(zuo)！远夷来佐(zuo)(zuo)也。笺云：武(wu)王受(shou)(shou)此万(wan)年(nian)之寿(shou)，不(bu)远有佐(zuo)(zuo)。言其(qi)辅佐(zuo)(zuo)之臣，亦(yi)宜(yi)蒙其(qi)馀(yu)福(fu)也。《书(shu)》曰“公(gong)其(qi)以子万(wan)亿年(nian)”，亦(yi)君臣同(tong)福(fu)禄也。

[疏]“受天”至“有佐”。
　　○毛以为，民欲王受福，即实言其受福之事。武王既受得天之祜福，故四方诸侯之国皆贡献庆之。又得於此万年之寿，岂不远有佐助之乎！言有远方夷狄来佐助之也。此乘上章之文，故先言所受天之祜，因则为远近之次，故先言四方，后言远夷。四方，谓中国诸侯也。
　　○郑唯以下句为异。言武王得於此万年之寿，不远其有辅佐之臣。言王亲近其臣，与之同福。
　　○传“远夷来佐”。
　　○正义曰：言不远有佐，是远有佐。远人佐天子，唯夷狄耳，故知远夷来佐之。《书叙》言：“武王既胜殷，西旅献獒，巢伯来朝。”《鲁语》曰：“武王克商，遂通道於九夷八蛮，萧慎来贺。”是远夷来佐之事。“不遐有佐”为远夷，则“四方来贺”为诸夏。《民劳》传曰：“四方，诸夏。”是也。
　　○笺“武王”至“福禄”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：笺以(yi)“不遐(xia)有佐(zuo)”顺文自通(tong)，不当反其言，故(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)。武(wu)王既有万年之(zhi)(zhi)寿，不远有辅佐(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，共蒙其福。其封为诸侯，则(ze)与(yu)周升降；其仕(shi)於王朝(chao)，则(ze)继(ji)世在位(wei)，是其不与(yu)远之(zhi)(zhi)。引《书》曰(yue)(yue)“公其以(yi)予万亿(yi)年”者(zhe)，《洛诰》文。成(cheng)王告(gao)周公，言公与(yu)我身，皆得万亿(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)年。既引其文，乃申其意，言彼亦君臣(chen)同(tong)福禄，故(gu)知此亦武(wu)王君臣(chen)同(tong)受福矣。

《下武(wu)》六章(zhang)，章(zhang)四句。

《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)有声》，继伐(fa)也。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)能广(guang)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)之声，卒其伐(fa)功也。继伐(fa)者，文(wen)王(wang)(wang)伐(fa)崇(chong)，而武(wu)王(wang)(wang)伐(fa)纣。

[疏]“《文王有声》八章，章五句”至“伐功”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：经八章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，上四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，下四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)继(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)继(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)伐(fa)。首章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)声(sheng)，武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)则道广於文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)能广文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令(ling)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)。二(er)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)崇(chong)，武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)则伐(fa)纣(zhou)以(yi)定天(tian)下，是(shi)(shi)(shi)卒其(qi)(qi)伐(fa)功(gong)。经虽无(wu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)广声(sheng)、卒伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，於理则有(you)，故(gu)序言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亦以(yi)转互(hu)相明也。上四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)令(ling)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)、成(cheng)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，作(zuo)丰(feng)邑以(yi)追孝心，同四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)而(er)正法度，所(suo)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)於伐(fa)崇(chong)也。下四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)君天(tian)下，服四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)，定镐(hao)(hao)京(jing)而(er)成(cheng)卜兆(zhao)，传善谋以(yi)安后(hou)(hou)(hou)世，所(suo)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)於伐(fa)纣(zhou)。唯以(yi)继(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)伐(fa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，皆伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)继(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)伐(fa)以(yi)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此篇八章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，其(qi)(qi)末俱(ju)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“烝哉”。而(er)四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥，四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、皇王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)变(bian)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，见其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)有(you)异。上四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)虽同是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，而(er)首章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、二(er)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令(ling)闻成(cheng)民(min)，受(shou)命伐(fa)罪，是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)义(yi)谥而(er)称文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。三章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筑城大(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，述其(qi)(qi)所(suo)徙(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)：四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)丰(feng)以(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)，施化(hua)而(er)为(wei)法度，比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前事(shi)(shi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盛，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)谥，而(er)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。下四(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)虽同是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，五章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、六章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)纣(zhou)，作(zuo)邑定居，四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)归服，於武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盛，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)义(yi)谥，比(bi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)则益(yi)大(da)，故(gu)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皇王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。七章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)考(kao)卜而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)居镐(hao)(hao)京(jing)，伐(fa)纣(zhou)以(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)占：八章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重功(gong)业以(yi)为(wei)大(da)事(shi)(shi)，传顺谋以(yi)安孙(sun)子，除虐去残，诒训后(hou)(hou)(hou)世，是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)盛者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)举(ju)其(qi)(qi)义(yi)谥而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，则盛者(zhe)(zhe)居前，不(bu)(bu)(bu)盛次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，则不(bu)(bu)(bu)盛在先者(zhe)(zhe)，见武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，盛於文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛者(zhe)(zhe)。作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)比(bi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小，而(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)次(ci)也。

文王有声，遹骏有声。遹求遹宁，遹观厥成。笺云：遹，述。骏，大。求，终。观，多也。文王有令闻之声者，乃述行有令闻之声之道所致也。所述者，谓大王、王季也。又述行终其安民之道，又述行多其成民之德，言周德之世益盛。
　　○遹，尹橘(ju)反，又音(yin)述。骏(jun)音(yin)峻。观，古乱反。注同(tong)。闻音(yin)问，本亦作“问”。

文王烝哉！烝，君也。笺云：君哉者，言其诚得人君之道。
　　○烝，之丞反(fan)，《韩诗》云：“美(mei)也。”

[疏]“文王”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：此文王乃有令闻之善声。所以有之者，以文王从后仰而述行广大其大王、王季所有令闻之善声。所广大者，谓文王又述行终其大王、王季安民之道，又述行多其大王、王季成民之德，以此益盛而大有声也。此文王之德，信得人君之道哉。
　　○笺“遹述”至“益盛”。
　　○正义曰：“遹，述”，《释言》文。“骏，大。求，终。观，多”，《释诂》文。《孔子閒居》曰：“三代之王，必先其令闻。”言有善事可以闻於外，是为有声矣。故为有声，是令闻之声。言述行者，是述先闻之辞，故知谓述大王、王季也。声闻则长之使大，令为已有，故云“遹骏有声”。其安民、成民，则大王、王季有此行，但其事未终未多，今文王则终之多之，皆述行其道而增广之耳。
　　○传“烝，君”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。

文王受命，有此武功。既伐于崇，作邑于丰。笺云：武功，谓伐四国及崇之功也。作邑者，徙都于丰，以应天命。
　　○应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)

文王烝哉！

[疏]笺“武功”至“天命”。
　　○正义曰：经别言(yan)(yan)“既伐(fa)於崇(chong)”，则(ze)“武(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，非独伐(fa)崇(chong)而已(yi)。受命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，所伐(fa)邘、耆、密须、混夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属皆是也(ye)，故云(yun)“武(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)，谓伐(fa)四国及(ji)崇(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)”。武(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中既兼伐(fa)崇(chong)，而别言(yan)(yan)“既伐(fa)於崇(chong)”者，以(yi)(yi)其功(gong)(gong)最大，其伐(fa)最后(hou)，故特言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)作(zuo)邑张本，言(yan)(yan)功(gong)(gong)成乃作(zuo)都(dou)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)应(ying)天命(ming)(ming)者，天既命(ming)(ming)为(wei)天子(zi)，当(dang)立天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居，故言(yan)(yan)徙都(dou)於丰(feng)(feng)，以(yi)(yi)应(ying)天命(ming)(ming)。或以(yi)(yi)为(wei)於丰(feng)(feng)得(de)命(ming)(ming)，故徙丰(feng)(feng)应(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)则(ze)武(wu)(wu)王於盟(meng)津得(de)命(ming)(ming)，不可徙都(dou)入(ru)河，乃迁都(dou)於镐，非得(de)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地矣。

筑城伊淢，作丰伊匹。匪棘其欲，遹追来孝。淢，成沟也。匹，配也。笺云：方十里曰成。淢，其沟也，广深各八尺。棘，急。来，勤也。文王受命而犹不自足，筑丰邑之城，大小適与成偶，大於诸侯，小於天子之制。此非以急成从己之欲，欲广都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行，进其业也。
　　○淢(yu)，况域反(fan)。成间有淢(yu)，字又(you)作“洫”，《韩(han)诗(shi)》云：“洫，深池。”亟，居力(li)反(fan)。下“亟”同。或(huo)作“棘”。欲(yu)音欲(yu)，本亦作“欲(yu)”。广，古旷反(fan)。深，尸(shi)鸩(zhen)反(fan)。行，下孟反(fan)。

王后烝哉！后，君(jun)也。笺云：变谥(shi)言王后者，非其盛事，不以义谥(shi)。

[疏]“筑城”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：上言作邑于丰，此述作丰之制。言文王兴筑丰邑之城，维如一成之淢。淢内之地，其方十里。文王作此丰邑，维与相匹，言大小正与成淢相配偶，是大於诸侯，小於天子之制，所以才得伐崇。即作此邑者，非以急从己之欲而广此都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行，思进其业故耳。此王之为人后也，诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“淢，成沟”。
　　○正义曰：《冬官·匠人》云：“井间有沟，成间有淢。”沟是总名，故云“淢，成沟”，谓十里成间所有沟。淢、洫，音同。
　　○笺“方十里”至“其业”。
　　○正义曰：申传“淢，成沟”之义，故云“方十里曰成。淢，其沟也”。言每方十里之地，其外有此沟，谓之为淢。此淢广八尺深八尺。《匠人》云：“方十里为成，成间广八尺深八尺谓之洫。”是其事也。“棘，急”，《释言》文。《礼记》引此诗作“匪革其犹”，革亦急也。文王既已受命，当为天子，其意以纣尚在，犹不敢自足，故筑此丰邑之城，大小適与赋法十里之成相匹偶，是大於诸侯，小於天子之制，不以急从己之欲，欲得广此都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行。以王季勤孝，欲早成周道，故己早建都邑，以进其功业。文王所述，述大王以来。此止言王季者，以大王始有王迹，勤行其道，大王以前未有王迹，不得言大王勤孝。欲成父功，故所追勤孝，唯王季也。《春官·典命》云：“上公九命，侯伯七命，子男五命。其国家宫室，皆以命数为节。”注云：“国家之所居，谓城方也。公之城盖方九里，侯伯之城盖方七里，子男之城盖方五里。”《坊记》注云：“子男之城方五里。”此二注皆以公城方九里为差，则天子之城十二里矣，故此十里为小於天子也。《异义驳》云：“郑伯之城方五里。”又以侯伯为五里者，郑两解，故《书传》云：“古者百里之国九里之城，七十里之国五里之城，五十里之国三里之城。”注云：“玄或疑焉。《周礼·匠人》营国方九里，谓天子之城。今大国九里，则与之同。然则大国七里之城，次国五里之城，小国三里之城为近耳。或者天子实十二里之城，诸侯大国九里，次国七里，小国五里。”是郑两解之事也。以《匠人》、《典命》俱是正文，故不敢执定。《典命》注每言“盖”，《匠人》注云“立王国若邦国”者，皆为疑辞，以见二涂之意也。
　　○传“后，君”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《释(shi)诂》文。笺以(yi)作文有(you)体，章类(lei)宜同(tong)，今半谥(shi)半否，故(gu)知变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)义。以(yi)相比校，无谥(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章，其(qi)事(shi)皆劣，故(gu)言非其(qi)盛事(shi)，不(bu)(bu)以(yi)义谥(shi)，谓不(bu)(bu)以(yi)义理而言其(qi)谥(shi)也。谥(shi)者，行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成名，总一身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，故(gu)事(shi)盛者称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)盛者变名耳(er)。

王公伊濯，维丰之垣。四方攸同，王后维翰。濯，大。翰，干也。笺云：公，事也。文王述行大王、王季之王业，其事益大。作邑於丰，城之既成，又垣之，立宫室，乃为天下所同心而归之。王后为之幹者，正其政教，定其法度。
　　○濯，直角反，《韩诗》云：“美也。”垣音(yin)袁(yuan)。翰(han)，户旦反，徐音(yin)寒。

王后烝哉！

[疏]“王公”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：既言筑作丰城，欲又本之前世，言此王述先王之业，其事维益大矣。即言大之状，维在丰城之内，更筑而垣墙之，以立宫室而居焉，乃为天下四方之民所共同心而归之。其王君文王，维乃为之桢幹，谓为施法度以行之。是王后诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“濯，大。翰，幹”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文。
　　○笺“文王”至“法度”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：言王(wang)事伊大，则从(cong)小至(zhi)大，非文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)事自为(wei)大也(ye)。上(shang)言“遹追来孝”，此(ci)承其(qi)(qi)下，故(gu)知(zhi)是述大王(wang)、王(wang)季(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)，其(qi)(qi)事益大。上(shang)言“筑(zhu)城”、“作(zuo)丰(feng)(feng)”，此(ci)言“维丰(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)垣(yuan)”，则是丰(feng)(feng)城之(zhi)(zhi)内别起垣(yuan)也(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)“作(zuo)邑於丰(feng)(feng)，城之(zhi)(zhi)既成(cheng)，又垣(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)，立宫室”。谓立天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)宫室。宫室既定，万姓知(zhi)有(you)所归(gui)，故(gu)为(wei)天(tian)下所同心而归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。幹者(zhe)，筑(zhu)墙(qiang)所立之(zhi)(zhi)木。幹与墙(qiang)为(wei)法(fa)，故(gu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)幹者(zhe)，正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)政(zheng)教(jiao)，定其(qi)(qi)法(fa)度。

丰水东注，维禹之绩。四方攸同，皇王维辟。绩，业。皇，大也。笺云：绩，功。辟，君也。昔尧时洪水，而丰水亦汎滥为害。禹治之，使入渭，东注于河，禹之功也。文王、武王今得作邑於其旁地，为天下所同心而归。大王为之君，乃由禹之功，故引美之。丰邑在丰水之西，镐京在丰水之东。
　　○辟(pi)音(yin)壁(bi)。注及下皆同。又音(yin)婢亦反(fan)，法也。氾，芳剑反(fan)，字(zi)亦作“汎”。滥，力暂反(fan)。大王，此及下言(yan)“大”者，并如字(zi)。

皇王(wang)烝哉！笺云：变王(wang)后(hou)言大王(wang)者，武王(wang)之事又益大。

[疏]“丰水”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：上既言文王之事，故武王继之。今丰水之得东流，注渭入河者，是禹之功业，言禹决治之，其傍得成平地也。今文王得作邑於傍，武王既成镐京，故为天下四方所共同心归之，文王、武王维於是为之君而施化焉。此大王诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“绩，业。皇，大”。
　　○正义曰：“绩，业”，《释诂》文。又云：“皇，君。”君亦大之义，故为大。
　　○笺“绩功”至“之东”。
　　○正义曰：“绩，功。辟，君”，亦《释诂》文也。功、业大同耳。据其力之所成则谓之功，言其泽及於后则谓之业。昭元年《左传》刘定公见雒汭之水曰：“美哉，禹之功也！”此亦见丰水而思禹，故易传以绩为功。《尧典》曰：“汤汤洪水。”是尧时洪水。此言丰水东注，由禹之功，故知丰水亦泛滥为害，禹治之也。泛滥，谓汎长滥决，平地有水也。《禹贡》曰：“导渭自鸟鼠同穴，东会于丰，入于河。”是丰水入渭，东注於河。此章武王之事，而并言文王作邑於其傍者，以二邑皆在丰傍，举丰而言，可以兼及文王，欲连言之。《帝王世纪》云：“丰、镐皆在长安之西南。”言丰邑在丰水之西，镐京在丰水之东，以时验而知之。
　　○笺“变王”至“益大”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：此(ci)与下(xia)章(zhang)俱言皇王(wang)(wang)(wang)，而(er)下(xia)有镐京之(zhi)事，知(zhi)此(ci)皇王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。同(tong)不言谥，而(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后与皇王(wang)(wang)(wang)异(yi)(yi)文，既人(ren)异(yi)(yi)而(er)辞(ci)变(bian)，故知(zhi)为(wei)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)事，又益大也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)与上章(zhang)皆言“四方攸(you)同(tong)”，而(er)言益大者，以文王(wang)(wang)(wang)亦武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，故亦以四方言之(zhi)，其(qi)实同(tong)归之(zhi)者，少(shao)於(wu)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)。

镐(hao)京辟雍，自(zi)(zi)西自(zi)(zi)东，自(zi)(zi)南自(zi)(zi)北，无(wu)思不服。武(wu)王作邑(yi)於镐(hao)京。笺云：自(zi)(zi)，由(you)也。武(wu)王於镐(hao)京行辟雍之(zhi)礼，自(zi)(zi)四方来观者，皆(jie)感化其德(de)，心无(wu)不归服者。

皇王烝哉！

[疏]笺“自由”至“服者”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》云(yun)：“由，自(zi)也(ye)。”故自(zi)得为由也(ye)。既言辟雍，即云(yun)四方(fang)皆服，明(ming)由在辟雍行(xing)礼(li)，见其行(xing)礼(li)，感(gan)其德化，故无不归服也(ye)。辟雍之礼(li)，谓(wei)养老以教孝悌也(ye)。

考卜维王，宅是镐京。维龟正之，武王成之。笺云：考，犹稽也。宅，居也。稽疑之法，必契灼龟而卜之。武王卜居是镐京之地，龟则正之，谓得吉兆，武王遂居之。修三后之德，以伐纣定天下，成龟兆之占，功莫大於此。
　　○挈，苦(ku)计反，本又作“契”。或苦(ku)结反。

武王烝哉！

[疏]“考卜”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：言稽考其疑，灼疑龟而卜之者，维武王所疑而卜者，其宅居於是镐京之地。维此所契之龟，则出其吉兆以正定之，言居此必吉，故得天下。武王则能成之，伐纣以定天下，成此龟兆之占，是功之大美者，此武王诚得人君之道哉。
　　○笺“考犹”至“於此”。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：以(yi)《洪范(fan)》有稽(ji)疑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，故云(yun)“考，犹稽(ji)也”。“宅(zhai)，居”，《释言》文。以(yi)稽(ji)疑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，必契灼其(qi)龟而(er)卜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。正谓(wei)得(de)吉兆(zhao)(zhao)，龟正定(ding)其(qi)吉，云(yun)此(ci)地(di)可居。卜兆(zhao)(zhao)言吉，居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)得(de)天下，是成(cheng)龟兆(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占，伐去虐纣，身(shen)即王(wang)位(wei)，功无大於此(ci)者。伐纣为(wei)(wei)成(cheng)龟兆(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉，定(ding)本、《集注(zhu)》皆云(yun)“功莫大是也”，义(yi)(yi)亦得(de)通。《礼记》引此(ci)诗，彼注(zhu)云(yun)：“武王(wang)筑而(er)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”与此(ci)异者，引《诗》断章，多异於本。此(ci)顾上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文言“武王(wang)烝哉”，是武王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛事不宜直言其(qi)筑作而(er)已，故以(yi)伐纣为(wei)(wei)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

丰水有芑，武王岂不仕？诒厥孙谋，以燕翼子。芑，草也。仕，事。燕，安。翼，敬也。笺云：诒，犹传也。孙，顺也。丰水犹以其润泽生草，武王岂不以其功业为事乎？以之为事，故传其所以顺天下之谋，以安其敬事之子孙，谓使行之也。《书》曰：“厥考翼，其肯曰：‘我有后，弗弃基？’”
　　○芑(qi)音起。诒，以之(zhi)反。孙，王申毛如字，郑音逊。传，直(zhi)专(zhuan)反。下同(tong)。

武(wu)王(wang)(wang)烝哉！笺云：上言皇王(wang)(wang)，而(er)变言武(wu)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，皇，大(da)(da)也(ye)，始大(da)(da)其业，至武(wu)王(wang)(wang)伐纣成之，故(gu)言武(wu)王(wang)(wang)也(ye)。

[疏]“丰水”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：言丰水之傍有芑菜，丰水是无情之物，犹以润泽而生菜为己事，况武王岂不以功业为事乎？言实以功业为事，思得泽及后人，故遗传其所以顺天下之谋，以安敬事之子孙。言武王能传顺天下，功被来世，后人敬其事者，则得行之乃安。是武王之道，令得长世，武王诚得为人君之道哉。
　　○传“燕，安。翼，敬”。
　　○正义曰：燕礼所以安宾，故燕为安也。“翼，敬”，《释诂》文。
　　○笺“诒犹”至“弃基”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：诒(yi)训遗(yi)，即流传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)义，故(gu)诒(yi)犹传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)其(qi)(qi)顺天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)谋者，谓圣人(ren)(ren)所谋之(zhi)事(shi)，行(xing)之(zhi)则(ze)必顺天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)心，安(an)其(qi)(qi)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)之(zhi)子(zi)孙。言(yan)子(zi)孙敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)，能(neng)遵用(yong)其(qi)(qi)道，则(ze)得安(an)也(ye)。必言(yan)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)者，若(ruo)子(zi)孙不敬(jing)(jing)(jing)，则(ze)不能(neng)行(xing)之(zhi)；不能(neng)行(xing)，则(ze)不得安(an)，故(gu)安(an)、敬(jing)(jing)(jing)并(bing)言(yan)之(zhi)。引《书(shu)》曰者，《大诰》文(wen)。彼(bi)(bi)上文(wen)以(yi)堂屋耕(geng)播为喻，言(yan)父(fu)为之(zhi)於前，子(zi)不循(xun)於后(hou)，其(qi)(qi)父(fu)则(ze)嫌责之(zhi)。此(ci)假言(yan)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)之(zhi)辞。彼(bi)(bi)注云：“其(qi)(qi)父(fu)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)职之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，其(qi)(qi)肯曰：‘我有后(hou)，子(zi)孙不废(fei)弃我基业(ye)乎(hu)？’”引此(ci)明(ming)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)须因前基，故(gu)云传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)谋以(yi)安(an)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)，证(zheng)翼为敬(jing)(jing)(jing)。彼(bi)(bi)言(yan)父(fu)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)言(yan)子(zi)孙明(ming)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)者，乃能(neng)不弃基，故(gu)引而反(fan)以(yi)相明(ming)。

《文王有声》八章，章五句(ju)。

《文王之什》十(shi)篇，六十(shi)六章，四百一十(shi)四句。

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