卷十六 大射第七
[疏]《大射》第七。
○郑《目录》云:“名曰大射者,诸侯将有祭祀之事,与其群臣射以观其礼。数中者,得与於祭;不数中者,不得与於祭。射义於五礼属嘉礼。《大戴》此第十三,《小戴》及《别录》皆第七。”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)诸侯将有祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)事以下,交出於《射义》。
大射(she)之(zhi)仪(yi)。君有命(ming)戒射(she)。将有祭(ji)祀之(zhi)事,当射(she),宰告於君,君乃命(ming)之(zhi)。言君有命(ming),政教(jiao)宜由尊者。
[疏]“大射”至“戒射”。
○注“将有”至“尊者”。
○释曰:自此尽(jin)“西纮”,论射(she)(she)前预戒(jie)诸官,及张侯设乐悬之事(shi)。不言“礼”、言“仪(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)礼盛(sheng),威(wei)仪(yi)(yi)多,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)仪(yi)(yi)言之。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《射(she)(she)义》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“孔子曰:射(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何以(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)?何以(yi)(yi)听?循声(sheng)而发,发不失(shi)正(zheng)鹄(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其唯(wei)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乎!若(ruo)夫不肖之人,则彼将安能以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)。”是(shi)其射(she)(she)容(rong)难,故(gu)称仪(yi)(yi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“将有祭(ji)祀之事(shi),当射(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《射(she)(she)义》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子将祭(ji),必先习(xi)射(she)(she)於(wu)泽(ze)。泽(ze)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所以(yi)(yi)择士也(ye)。已射(she)(she)於(wu)泽(ze),而后射(she)(she)於(wu)射(she)(she)宫(gong)。射(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)得与(yu)於(wu)祭(ji),不中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不得与(yu)於(wu)祭(ji)。”是(shi)其将祭(ji)必射(she)(she)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宰(zai)告於(wu)君(jun),君(jun)乃(nai)(nai)命之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)意不云(yun)(yun)(yun)宰(zai)戒(jie)百官者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宰(zai)先告君(jun),君(jun)之使戒(jie),乃(nai)(nai)戒(jie),即云(yun)(yun)(yun)戒(jie)百官是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“言君(jun)有命,政教(jiao)宜(yi)由(you)尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,其经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“戒(jie)射(she)(she)”,此戒(jie)亦(yi)政教(jiao)之类,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)政教(jiao)言之也(ye)。
宰(zai)戒百(bai)官(guan)有事於(wu)射者。宰(zai),於(wu)天(tian)子冢宰(zai),治官(guan)卿也。作大事,则掌以(yi)君(jun)命,戒於(wu)百(bai)官(guan)。
[疏]“宰戒”至“射者”。
○注“宰於”至“百官”。
○释(shi)曰:按《周礼(li)·大宰(zai)(zai)(zai)职》云(yun):“掌(zhang)百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)誓戒(jie)(jie)。”此言宰(zai)(zai)(zai)戒(jie)(jie)百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),其事(shi)同(tong),故(gu)郑以(yi)(yi)天子冢宰(zai)(zai)(zai)言之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。其实诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)兼(jian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),无冢宰(zai)(zai)(zai),立(li)地官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)司(si)徒以(yi)(yi)兼(jian)之(zhi),故(gu)《聘礼(li)》云(yun)“宰(zai)(zai)(zai)命(ming)司(si)马”,注云(yun):“宰(zai)(zai)(zai),上卿贰,君事(shi)者也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)谓司(si)徒为宰(zai)(zai)(zai)。”是(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)立(li)司(si)徒兼(jian)冢宰(zai)(zai)(zai)之(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。言“大事(shi),则掌(zhang)以(yi)(yi)君命(ming),戒(jie)(jie)於百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”者,《周礼(li)·大宰(zai)(zai)(zai)职》云(yun):“作大事(shi)则戒(jie)(jie)于百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),赞王命(ming)。”是(shi)郑之(zhi)所引(yin),以(yi)(yi)证宰(zai)(zai)(zai)戒(jie)(jie)之(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
射(she)(she)人戒(jie)诸公、卿、大夫射(she)(she)。司士(shi)戒(jie)士(shi)射(she)(she)与赞(zan)者(zhe)。射(she)(she)人掌(zhang)以射(she)(she)法治(zhi)射(she)(she)仪,司士(shi)掌(zhang)国中之(zhi)士(shi),治(zhi)凡其(qi)戒(jie)命,皆司马之(zhi)属也(ye)。殊戒(jie)公卿大夫与士(shi),辨贵(gui)贱(jian)也(ye)。赞(zan),佐也(ye),谓士(shi)佐执(zhi)事不射(she)(she)者(zhe)。
[疏]“射人”至“赞者”。
○注“射人”至“射者”。
○释曰:上文宰(zai)官(guan)尊,总戒(jie)。此(ci)射人(ren)(ren)司士(shi)(shi)(shi),色别重戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓若《天官(guan)·冢(zhong)宰(zai)》戒(jie)百官(guan)宗伯、大(da)(da)司寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),重戒(jie)也。云(yun)(yun)“射人(ren)(ren)掌(zhang)以射法治射仪”者,《夏官(guan)·射人(ren)(ren)》文。云(yun)(yun)“司士(shi)(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)国中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi),治凡其戒(jie)令”者,此(ci)《司士(shi)(shi)(shi)职》文。云(yun)(yun)“国中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,彼士(shi)(shi)(shi)总公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)而言,此(ci)射人(ren)(ren)巳戒(jie)公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu),则司士(shi)(shi)(shi)戒(jie)士(shi)(shi)(shi)赞(zan)者,唯(wei)有(you)士(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)兼,大(da)(da)夫(fu)已(yi)上不(bu)同(tong)者,断章取义,故与本职不(bu)同(tong)也。云(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)(jie)司马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也”者,射人(ren)(ren)、司士(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)属司马,故云(yun)(yun)司马属也。此(ci)上下文所云(yun)(yun)戒(jie)者,皆(jie)(jie)谓祭前(qian)(qian)旬有(you)一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),知者,《祭统》云(yun)(yun):“先期旬有(you)一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),宫宰(zai)宿(su)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)亦散(san)(san)斋七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),致斋三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。”若然,卜(bu)及戒(jie)皆(jie)(jie)在旬有(you)一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),是《大(da)(da)宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun):“前(qian)(qian)期十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),帅执事而卜(bu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。遂戒(jie)。”注云(yun)(yun):“前(qian)(qian)期,前(qian)(qian)所诹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也。十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),容散(san)(san)斋七(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),致斋三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。”其天子又有(you)天地及山(shan)川、社稷、宗庙(miao),诸(zhu)侯直有(you)境内(nei)山(shan)川、社稷、宗庙(miao),卜(bu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)及戒(jie)皆(jie)(jie)同(tong)也。按《郊(jiao)特牲》云(yun)(yun):“卜(bu)郊(jiao),受命(ming)(ming)于祖庙(miao),作龟于祢宫。”卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),王(wang)立于泽亲听(ting)。《誓命(ming)(ming)》又云(yun)(yun):“献命(ming)(ming)库(ku)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),戒(jie)百官(guan)也。大(da)(da)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming),戒(jie)百姓也。”注云(yun)(yun):“王(wang)自(zi)泽宫而还,以誓命(ming)(ming)重相申(shen)敕也。”王(wang)自(zi)此(ci)还斋路寝(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室。若然,卜(bu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)在泽宫,又至射宫,皆(jie)(jie)同(tong)在旬有(you)一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),空十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),故后日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)乃斋也。
前射三日,宰夫(fu)戒宰及司(si)(si)马(ma)。射人宿视涤(di)。宰夫(fu),冢宰之属,掌百官(guan)之徵令(ling)者。司(si)(si)马(ma),於(wu)天子政官(guan)之卿(qing),凡大射则(ze)合其六耦(ou)。涤(di),谓溉器,埽除射宫。
[疏]“前射”至“视涤”。
○注“宰夫”至“射宫”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):此(ci)宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)戒是(shi)再戒之(zhi)宿(su),不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宿(su)”者,辟下宿(su)视涤(di)。何者?宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)戒是(shi)申(shen)(shen)戒,下宿(su)是(shi)夕宿(su),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡(fan)祀大(da)(da)(da)神、享大(da)(da)(da)鬼、祭(ji)大(da)(da)(da)示(shi),帅执事而(er)卜日(ri)宿(su),视涤(di)濯。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“宿(su),申(shen)(shen)戒也(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)前有射(she)人(ren)戒,是(shi)七日(ri)前期。此(ci)宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)戒是(shi)申(shen)(shen)戒,又知宿(su)是(shi)夕宿(su)者,以(yi)(yi)戒宿(su)同文。明不(bu)同日(ri),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)前射(she)三日(ri)戒,明此(ci)非三日(ri),是(shi)前一日(ri)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu),冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)之(zhi)属”者,按《大(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)(zai)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)中大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)二(er)人(ren),宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)下大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)四人(ren)。”属冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)冢(zhong)宰(zai)(zai)之(zhi)属。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)百官之(zhi)徵令(ling)”者,《宰(zai)(zai)夫(fu)(fu)职(zhi)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)马,於天子政官之(zhi)卿”者,《小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四曰(yue)司(si)马,其(qi)属六十,掌(zhang)邦(bang)政”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)大(da)(da)(da)射(she)则合其(qi)六耦”者,《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)马职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“若大(da)(da)(da)射(she),合诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)六耦。”是(shi)将祭(ji)而(er)射(she),故(gu)使诸(zhu)侯(hou)为耦。若其(qi)馀(yu)射(she),则卿大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)下为耦也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“涤(di),谓(wei)溉器(qi),埽除”者,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)射(she),先行燕礼,不(bu)视涤(di)器(qi),明涤(di)器(qi)是(shi)射(she)器(qi),及埽除射(she)宫也(ye)(ye)。
司(si)马(ma)命量(liang)人(ren)量(liang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)与所(suo)设(she)乏(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)貍步(bu):大(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)九十(shi),参七(qi)十(shi),干五(wu)十(shi)。设(she)乏(fa)(fa),各去(qu)其侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)西十(shi)、北(bei)十(shi)。量(liang)人(ren),司(si)马(ma)之(zhi)属,掌(zhang)量(liang)道(dao)巷涂数(shu)者(zhe)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),谓(wei)所(suo)射(she)布(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊(zun)者(zhe)射(she)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)威,不宁侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),卑者(zhe)射(she)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)为侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。量(liang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao),谓(wei)去(qu)堂远近(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。容谓(wei)之(zhi)乏(fa)(fa),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为获(huo)者(zhe)之(zhi)御(yu)矢。貍之(zhi)伺物,每(mei)举足者(zhe),止视远近(jin),为发必(bi)中也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)量(liang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)取象焉。《乡射(she)》记(ji)曰(yue):“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)五(wu)十(shi)弓。”《考工(gong)记(ji)》曰(yue)“弓之(zhi)下制六尺”,则此(ci)貍步(bu)六尺明矣。大(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),谓(wei)之(zhi)大(da)者(zhe),与天(tian)子(zi)熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同。参读为糁,糁,杂也(ye)(ye)(ye),杂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe),豹鹄而麋饰,下天(tian)子(zi)大(da)夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。干,读为犴(an),犴(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe),犴(an)鹄犴(an)饰也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)夫将祭(ji),於己射(she)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),士无臣,祭(ji)不射(she)。
[疏]“司马”至“北十”。
○注“量人”至“不射”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“量(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren),司(si)马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,掌量(liang)(liang)道巷涂数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,《量(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)职》文(wen)。量(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)属司(si)马(ma),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),谓(wei)所(suo)(suo)射(she)(she)(she)布也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)三(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)布,以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹄(hu)(hu),旁又(you)(you)饰(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)威(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)宁侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《梓人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“毋或(huo)若(ruo)汝不(bu)(bu)(bu)宁侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),不(bu)(bu)(bu)属于(yu)王(wang)所(suo)(suo),故(gu)(gu)抗而(er)射(she)(she)(she)汝”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)求为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《射(she)(she)(she)义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)射(she)(she)(she),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射(she)(she)(she)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。射(she)(she)(she)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),射(she)(she)(she)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。射(she)(she)(she)中则(ze)(ze)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),射(she)(she)(she)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“容谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乏(fa)”所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)获(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御矢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乏(fa)”,《周(zhou)礼(li)·射(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“容”,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)获(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御矢,解容乏(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)容身,故(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)(de)御矢。言(yan)(yan)乏(fa),矢於(wu)此(ci)(ci)乏(fa)匮不(bu)(bu)(bu)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)貍(li)(li)步(bu)六尺明矣”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),阴破先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),故(gu)(gu)先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注《射(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》貍(li)(li)步(bu)谓(wei)一举(ju)足为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)步(bu),於(wu)今为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半(ban)步(bu),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注彼亦引弓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)制(zhi)六尺以(yi)(yi)(yi)非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)裘(qiu)(qiu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王(wang)大(da)射(she)(she)(she)则(ze)(ze)共(gong)虎侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、豹(bao)(bao)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),设其(qi)(qi)鹄(hu)(hu)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)共(gong)熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、豹(bao)(bao)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。”彼畿(ji)内(nei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首,此(ci)(ci)畿(ji)外诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)其(qi)(qi)大(da)射(she)(she)(she)时所(suo)(suo)用(yong)物,宜与(yu)畿(ji)内(nei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong)用(yong)熊(xiong),又(you)(you)与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)熊(xiong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“参读为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)糁(san)(san),糁(san)(san),杂也(ye)(ye)(ye),杂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),豹(bao)(bao)鹄(hu)(hu)而(er)麋饰(shi)(shi),下(xia)(xia)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)裘(qiu)(qiu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)共(gong)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。”此(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豹(bao)(bao)皮(pi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹄(hu)(hu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)麋饰(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)侧,不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)纯(chun)麋,是下(xia)(xia)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)豹(bao)(bao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹄(hu)(hu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)麋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)饰(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)用(yong)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)亦用(yong)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),并据己(ji)家用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)助祭(ji),亦射(she)(she)(she)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),明君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)麋饰(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)侧,侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)饰(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)(de)名。又(you)(you)畿(ji)内(nei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)第二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)豹(bao)(bao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹄(hu)(hu),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)畿(ji)外诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)豹(bao)(bao)皮(pi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹄(hu)(hu)可知(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“干,读为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)犴(an),犴(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),犴(an)鹄(hu)(hu)犴(an)饰(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦取(qu)捷黠意(yi)。“大(da)夫(fu)(fu)将(jiang)祭(ji),於(wu)己(ji)射(she)(she)(she)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司(si)裘(qiu)(qiu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)共(gong)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。”是天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)夫(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)争(zheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)三(san)人(ren)(ren)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),故(gu)(gu)将(jiang)祭(ji)得(de)(de)(de)大(da)射(she)(she)(she)择士(shi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)己(ji)射(she)(she)(she)用(yong)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),又(you)(you)见(jian)助君(jun)祭(ji),亦射(she)(she)(she)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)无臣(chen)(chen)(chen),祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)射(she)(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《孝经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)有(you)(you)(you)争(zheng)友”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),以(yi)(yi)(yi)仆隶为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)友。《司(si)裘(qiu)(qiu)》卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)士(shi),故(gu)(gu)祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)士(shi)大(da)射(she)(she)(she)。若(ruo)然(ran),士(shi)有(you)(you)(you)宾射(she)(she)(she)、燕射(she)(she)(she),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)大(da)射(she)(she)(she),虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)大(da)射(she)(she)(she),得(de)(de)(de)与(yu)君(jun)宾射(she)(she)(she),故(gu)(gu)《射(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》注不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾射(she)(she)(she),士(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)亦然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
遂命量人(ren)、巾(jin)车(che)张三侯(hou)(hou),大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崇,见鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)於(wu)参(can),参(can)见鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)於(wu)干干,不(bu)及地武。不(bu)系左下纲。设乏(fa),西十、北(bei)十。凡(fan)乏(fa)用革。巾(jin)车(che),於(wu)天子、宗伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,掌(zhang)装衣车(che)者(zhe),亦使张侯(hou)(hou)。侯(hou)(hou),巾(jin)类。崇,高也。高必(bi)见鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),所射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主。《射(she)(she)义》曰:“为(wei)(wei)人(ren)君者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)君鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),为(wei)(wei)人(ren)臣者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)臣鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),为(wei)(wei)人(ren)父者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)父鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),为(wei)(wei)人(ren)子者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)子鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。”言射(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)此乃能(neng)任己位也。鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言较,较,直也,射(she)(she)者(zhe)所以(yi)(yi)直己志。或曰:鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),鸟名,射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)俊(jun),是以(yi)(yi)所射(she)(she)於(wu)侯(hou)(hou)取名也。《淮南子》曰:“鳱鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)知(zhi)来(lai)。”然则所云正者(zhe)正也,亦鸟名。齐(qi)、鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒,名题肩为(wei)(wei)正。正、鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)皆(jie)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)捷黠(xia)者(zhe)。《考工记》曰:“梓人(ren)为(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou),广(guang)与崇方(fang)(fang),参(can)分其广(guang)而鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)一(yi)焉。”则大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)六尺(chi),糁(san)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)四尺(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)半(ban)寸(cun)(cun),犴侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)三尺(chi)三寸(cun)(cun)少半(ban)寸(cun)(cun)。及,至也。武,迹(ji)也。中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足,长(zhang)尺(chi)二寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)犴侯(hou)(hou)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),糁(san)侯(hou)(hou)去地一(yi)丈五寸(cun)(cun)少半(ban)寸(cun)(cun),大(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)去地二丈二尺(chi)五寸(cun)(cun)少半(ban)寸(cun)(cun)。凡(fan)侯(hou)(hou)北(bei)面,西方(fang)(fang)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左。前射(she)(she)三日,张侯(hou)(hou)设乏(fa),欲使有事者(zhe)豫志焉。
[疏]“遂命”至“用革”。
○注“巾车”至“志焉”。
○释曰:上(shang)文(wen)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命量人(ren)量侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道,及乏(fa)远近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,此(ci)(ci)(ci)经论张(zhang)(zhang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“设(she)乏(fa)西(xi)十(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《乡射(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“乏(fa)参侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道,居(ju)(ju)(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)党(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),西(xi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)步。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)乏(fa)去(qu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),西(xi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)西(xi)十(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi),则(ze)西(xi)与(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)皆(jie)六丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),不(bu)得(de)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)居(ju)(ju)(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)党(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)入堂深故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)总云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)西(xi)十(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi),则(ze)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乏(fa)皆(jie)西(xi)十(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。西(xi)亦(yi)(yi)六丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)恐矢(shi)扬伤人(ren),与(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“巾(jin)车,於(wu)天子、宗伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《周(zhou)礼(li)》巾(jin)车属(shu)宗伯(bo),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)宗伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌装衣车”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)路(lu):木路(lu)无(wu)革(ge)(ge)鞔(man)(man),革(ge)(ge)路(lu)有(you)(you)革(ge)(ge)无(wu)异饰(shi)(shi),玉路(lu)、金(jin)路(lu)、象路(lu)有(you)(you)革(ge)(ge)鞔(man)(man),又(you)有(you)(you)玉金(jin)象为(wei)饰(shi)(shi)。孤乘(cheng)夏(xia)篆,卿(qing)乘(cheng)夏(xia)缦,皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物为(wei)饰(shi)(shi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)装衣车者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),巾(jin)类”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)饰(shi)(shi),故(gu)《乡射(she)》记云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡画者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)丹(dan)质”,及正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)巾(jin)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《射(she)义(yi)(yi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲证射(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)为(wei)主也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言较(jiao),较(jiao),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),射(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)己志(zhi)(zhi)”,并(bing)(bing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)(ran)则(ze)所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)取(qu)(qu)《射(she)义(yi)(yi)》解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《射(she)义(yi)(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)射(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)“内志(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),外(wai)体直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)持弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)矢(shi)审(shen)固(gu)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“内正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)外(wai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)出自(zi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或曰:鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),鸟名(ming),射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)俊,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)射(she)於(wu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)取(qu)(qu)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,并(bing)(bing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),亦(yi)(yi)鸟名(ming)。齐(qi)、鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒名(ming)题肩为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)皆(jie)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)捷黠者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)两(liang)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《考(kao)工记》:‘梓人(ren)为(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),广(guang)(guang)与(yu)崇方,参分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)其(qi)广(guang)(guang)而(er)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)焉(yan)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)等(deng)皆(jie)高(gao)广(guang)(guang)等(deng),引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑欲解(jie)经见(jian)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)先(xian)知侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)广(guang)(guang)狭尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方六尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)(qu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)八(ba),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)其(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)而(er)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),故(gu)知鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方六尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道七十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)(qu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),则(ze)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)其(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)取(qu)(qu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)得(de)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),又(you)於(wu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内取(qu)(qu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)八(ba)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)又(you)得(de)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),又(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),总六分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),取(qu)(qu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)於(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),弓(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)(qu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),则(ze)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)方一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)其(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)焉(yan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)且取(qu)(qu)九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)得(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)取(qu)(qu)九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)得(de)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)方三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足,长尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目(mu)验而(er)知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)无(wu)文(wen),犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)不(bu)及地(di)(di)(di)(di)武(wu),则(ze)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)从犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)躬及上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)舌(she)各二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),合八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)矣(yi)。又(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)及地(di)(di)(di)(di)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),则(ze)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)、中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)各四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),得(de)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),并(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),则(ze)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),通(tong)躬身(shen)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)为(wei)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)矣(yi)。张(zhang)(zhang)法(fa),糁(san)(san)(san)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)畔与(yu)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)齐(qi),所(suo)谓见(jian)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)於(wu)犴(an)(an)(an)。自(zi)馀糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)畔八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),在掩(yan)(yan)犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。犴(an)(an)(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)犴(an)(an)(an)本(ben)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掩(yan)(yan)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),上(shang)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在,复(fu)掩(yan)(yan)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),上(shang)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)六寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在,复(fu)掩(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),唯有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在。少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言大(da)(da)(da)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)知“糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)各四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),即八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)矣(yi)。中(zhong)(zhong)方丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),更加(jia)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)六尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)”,本(ben)上(shang)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)相(xiang)去(qu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),其(qi)举也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)畔与(yu)糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)齐(qi),所(suo)谓见(jian)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)於(wu)糁(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)六尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)躬身(shen)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)矣(yi),则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)自(zi)鹄(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)掩(yan)(yan)糁(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)犹有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)少(shao)(shao)半(ban)(ban)寸(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)在,是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)纲(gang)(gang)(gang)去(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran),故(gu)注於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前射(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)日,张(zhang)(zhang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)设(she)乏(fa)”,知“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)日”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),前文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)前射(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)日,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐人(ren)宿(su)县”,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“厥明”,自(zi)前射(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)日以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),论事不(bu)著异日,故(gu)知张(zhang)(zhang)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)与(yu)设(she)乏(fa)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)射(she)前三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)日矣(yi)。
乐人宿县(xian)于阼阶东,笙(sheng)磬西面(mian),其南笙(sheng)锺(zhong),其南鑮(bo),皆南陈。笙(sheng)犹(you)生也。东为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳中,万物以(yi)生。《春秋传》曰(yue):“大蔟(cu)所(suo)以(yi)金奏(zou),赞阳出滞,沽(gu)洗(xi)所(suo)以(yi)脩絜百物,考(kao)神纳宾。”是以(yi)东方锺(zhong)磬谓之(zhi)笙(sheng),皆编而县(xian)之(zhi)。《周礼》曰(yue):“凡县(xian)锺(zhong)磬,半为(wei)(wei)(wei)堵,全为(wei)(wei)(wei)肆。”有(you)锺(zhong)有(you)磬为(wei)(wei)(wei)全。鑮(bo)如(ru)锺(zhong)而大,奏(zou)乐以(yi)鼓鑮(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)节。
[疏]“乐人”至“南陈”。
○注“笙犹”至“为节”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“东(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)中,万物(wu)以(yi)生(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),阳(yang)(yang)气起於(wu)子(zi),盛(sheng)於(wu)午,故(gu)(gu)东(dong)(dong)方(fang)为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)中也(ye)。万物(wu)以(yi)生(sheng),以(yi)其(qi)正月三阳(yang)(yang)生(sheng),大(da)(da)(da)蔟用事(shi),故(gu)(gu)万物(wu)生(sheng)焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋传(chuan)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)《外传(chuan)》伶州鸠对周景王(wang)辞。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)为(wei)(wei)笙(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。“大(da)(da)(da)蔟”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),寅(yin)上候气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管,度(du)律(lv)(lv)均锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),金即锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)赞阳(yang)(yang)出(chu)滞(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“姑洗(xi)所以(yi)脩絜百物(wu),考神纳宾”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦据(ju)度(du)律(lv)(lv)均锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),姑洗(xi)在(zai)辰(chen),三月百物(wu)脩絜而(er)(er)出(chu),考神纳宾,谓祭祀(si)而(er)(er)有(you)助祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾客。但东(dong)(dong)方(fang)阳(yang)(yang)管唯有(you)此二律(lv)(lv),故(gu)(gu)据(ju)此二律(lv)(lv)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)以(yi)名东(dong)(dong)方(fang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)为(wei)(wei)笙(sheng)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)(jie)编(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲解磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)非应律(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),与(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)(tong)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)鑮(bo)(bo)与(yu)(yu)(yu)鼓(gu)虽(sui)同(tong)(tong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)面(mian),与(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)(tong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)(tong)十(shi)六枚而(er)(er)在(zai)一(yi)虡(ju)(ju),与(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)(tong)编(bian)(bian)又同(tong)(tong)宫(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)兼言(yan)(yan)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。是(shi)以(yi)《磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌教击(ji)(ji)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),击(ji)(ji)编(bian)(bian)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)亦编(bian)(bian)於(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)其(qi)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)编(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此东(dong)(dong)方(fang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)笙(sheng)而(er)(er)西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)颂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)夷(yi)则、无(wu)(wu)射主西(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang),成(cheng)功收藏,故(gu)(gu)称颂。颂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),美盛(sheng)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)容,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)颂也(ye)。但天有(you)十(shi)二次,地有(you)十(shi)二辰(chen),按《书传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“天子(zi)出(chu)撞黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),右(you)五(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皆(jie)(jie)应,入刚撞蕤(rui)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),左五(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皆(jie)(jie)应。”左右(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu),则除黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、蕤(rui)宾并(bing)为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang),而(er)(er)应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)右(you)五(wu)也(ye),大(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)、中吕(lv)已(yi)东(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)左五(wu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周礼》曰(yue):‘凡(fan)县(xian)(xian)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),半(ban)(ban)为(wei)(wei)堵(du),全为(wei)(wei)肆(si)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《周礼·小胥职》文(wen)。鼓(gu)鑮(bo)(bo)亦县(xian)(xian),而(er)(er)直(zhi)言(yan)(yan)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)编(bian)(bian)县(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)。鼓(gu)鑮(bo)(bo)笋虡(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,各县(xian)(xian)一(yi)而(er)(er)已(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑彼注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“半(ban)(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)也(ye),诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)半(ban)(ban)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)。天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)判县(xian)(xian),东(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)各有(you)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),是(shi)全之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)肆(si)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)虽(sui)同(tong)(tong)判县(xian)(xian),半(ban)(ban)天子(zi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),取一(yi)相锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)分为(wei)(wei)两(liang)相,西(xi)(xi)(xi)县(xian)(xian)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),东(dong)(dong)县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。而(er)(er)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)特(te)县(xian)(xian),直(zhi)东(dong)(dong)有(you)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),且是(shi)全之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)肆(si)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)直(zhi)特(te)县(xian)(xian),半(ban)(ban)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi),县(xian)(xian)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)而(er)(er)已(yi),或(huo)於(wu)阶閒,或(huo)於(wu)东(dong)(dong)方(fang)。又天子(zi)宫(gong)(gong)县(xian)(xian),四面(mian)皆(jie)(jie)有(you),诸(zhu)侯(hou)轩县(xian)(xian),阙南面(mian),面(mian)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鑮(bo)(bo),及鼓(gu)具(ju)有(you)也(ye)。卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)无(wu)(wu)鑮(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若有(you)鑮(bo)(bo),则诸(zhu)侯(hou)臣半(ban)(ban)天子(zi)臣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得具(ju),是(shi)以(yi)阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鑮(bo)(bo)如锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)大(da)(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《特(te)牲》注(zhu)(zhu)亦云(yun)(yun)(yun):“鑮(bo)(bo)如锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)大(da)(da)(da)。”并(bing)据(ju)《国语》而(er)(er)注(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)言(yan)(yan)鑮(bo)(bo)形(xing)如锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)复(fu)大(da)(da)(da),以(yi)大(da)(da)(da),故(gu)(gu)特(te)一(yi)县(xian)(xian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“奏(zou)乐以(yi)鼓(gu)鑮(bo)(bo)为(wei)(wei)节”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《周礼·鑮(bo)(bo)师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌金奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“谓主击(ji)(ji)晋鼓(gu),以(yi)奏(zou)其(qi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑮(bo)(bo)也(ye)。”以(yi)此言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则先击(ji)(ji)鼓(gu),后击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑮(bo)(bo),皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)乐为(wei)(wei)节,故(gu)(gu)郑注(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)鼓(gu)鑮(bo)(bo)为(wei)(wei)节,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),已(yi)注(zhu)(zhu)解,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。
建鼓(gu)在(zai)阼阶(jie)西,南(nan)鼓(gu)。应鼙在(zai)其东(dong),南(nan)鼓(gu)。建犹(you)树(shu)也(ye)。以木贯而(er)载之,树(shu)之跗(fu)也(ye)。南(nan)鼓(gu),谓(wei)所伐面(mian)也(ye)。应鼙,应朔(shuo)(shuo)鼙也(ye)。先(xian)击朔(shuo)(shuo)鼙,应之。鼙,小(xiao)鼓(gu)也(ye)。在(zai)东(dong),便(bian)其先(xian)击小(xiao)后击大也(ye)。鼓(gu)不在(zai)东(dong)县南(nan),为君(jun)也(ye)。
[疏]“建鼓”至“南鼓”。
○注“建犹”至“君也”。
○释曰:下(xia)西面、北(bei)(bei)面建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),皆言(yan)一(yi)。此建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不言(yan)一(yi)者,彼在本方,故(gu)须言(yan)一(yi)。见无(wu)他鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),此鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本东(dong)方以(yi)为(wei)君(jun),故(gu)移来在北(bei)(bei)方,故(gu)异其(qi)文(wen),不言(yan)一(yi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“建(jian)犹树也(ye)。以(yi)木贯(guan)而载之,树之跗也(ye)”者,按《明堂位》云(yun)(yun):“殷楹(ying)(ying)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),周县(xian)(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”注云(yun)(yun):“楹(ying)(ying)为(wei)之柱(zhu)贯(guan)中(zhong)上出也(ye)。县(xian)(xian),县(xian)(xian)之於簨(sun)虡也(ye)。”此云(yun)(yun)以(yi)木贯(guan)而载之,则为(wei)之柱(zhu)贯(guan)中(zhong)上出,一(yi)也(ye)。周人县(xian)(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),今言(yan)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),则殷法也(ye),若(ruo)醮(jiao)用酒之类。主於射,略於乐,故(gu)用先代鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。云(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不在东(dong)县(xian)(xian)南(nan),为(wei)君(jun)”者,决下(xia)“一(yi)建(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在其(qi)南(nan),东(dong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者,为(wei)宾复(fu)不在东(dong)县(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)者,取顺(shun)君(jun)面故(gu)也(ye)。
西阶之西,颂(song)磬(qing)东(dong)面(mian),其(qi)(qi)南(nan)锺(zhong),其(qi)(qi)南(nan)鑮,皆南(nan)陈(chen)。一建鼓在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)南(nan),东(dong)鼓。朔鼙(pi)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)北。言成功曰颂(song)。西为(wei)阴中,万物之所成。《春(chun)秋传》曰:“夷则所以咏歌九则,平(ping)民(min)无(wu)忒(te)。无(wu)射(she)所以宣布哲人之令德(de),示民(min)轨义(yi)。”是以西方锺(zhong)磬(qing)谓之颂(song)。朔,始也(ye)(ye)。奏乐先(xian)击西鼙(pi),乐为(wei)宾所由来也(ye)(ye)。锺(zhong)不(bu)言颂(song),鼙(pi)不(bu)言东(dong)鼓,义(yi)同,省文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。古文(wen)(wen)颂(song)为(wei)庸。
[疏]“西阶”至“其北”。
○注“言成”至“为庸”。
○释曰:言《春秋传》者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)是(shi)《外传》文(wen)。云“咏歌九则”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)六府三事,九功之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)是(shi)也(ye)。以此(ci)九则平民,使无差慝。云“无射所以宣布哲(zhe)人之(zhi)(zhi)令德(de)(de)”者(zhe),哲(zhe)人,谓(wei)(wei)后(hou)稷,后(hou)稷以稼穑(se)之(zhi)(zhi)功成於季秋,先(xian)(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)业(ye),以农(nong)为(wei)本,故云示民轨义(yi)(yi)(yi),谓(wei)(wei)轨法(fa)义(yi)(yi)(yi)理也(ye)。云“先(xian)(xian)击西鼙(pi)(pi),乐(le)为(wei)宾所由来(lai)也(ye)”者(zhe),解先(xian)(xian)击朔鼙(pi)(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)意,宾向外来(lai),位在西,其(qi)乐(le)主为(wei)乐(le)宾,故先(xian)(xian)击朔鼙(pi)(pi)、应(ying)鼙(pi)(pi)应(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云“锺不言颂,鼙(pi)(pi)不言东鼓,义(yi)(yi)(yi)同,省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)也(ye)”者(zhe),决上东方(fang)言笙(sheng)锺,应(ying)鼙(pi)(pi)言南鼓,此(ci)当言颂锺东鼓,义(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)上文(wen)同,亦(yi)(yi)合有(you),而不言者(zhe),省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)也(ye)。云“古文(wen)颂为(wei)庸”者(zhe),此(ci)虽(sui)叠古文(wen)不从,亦(yi)(yi)通义(yi)(yi)(yi),是(shi)《尚书(shu)》云:“笙(sheng)庸以閒。”笙(sheng)东方(fang),锺磬西方(fang)。是(shi)庸亦(yi)(yi)功也(ye),亦(yi)(yi)有(you)成功之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。
一建鼓在西阶之东,南面。言面者,国君於(wu)其群臣,备三面尔(er)。无锺磬,有鼓而已。其为(wei)诸侯则轩县。
[疏]“一建”至“南面”。
○注“言面”至“轩县”。
○释(shi)曰:云“言(yan)(yan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)者,国(guo)君於其群臣,备三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)尔(er)”者,言(yan)(yan)国(guo)君合有三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian),为辟射位,又与(yu)群臣射,阙北面(mian)(mian)(mian)。无锺磬镈,直有一建鼓而已,故不言(yan)(yan)“南鼓”而言(yan)(yan)“南面(mian)(mian)(mian)”也。云“其为诸侯(hou)(hou)则(ze)轩县”者,若与(yu)诸侯(hou)(hou)飨燕之类,则(ze)依诸侯(hou)(hou)轩县,三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)皆有鼓与(yu)锺磬镈。
簜(dang)在建鼓之閒。簜(dang),竹也,谓笙箫之属,倚(yi)於堂。
[疏]“荡在建鼓之閒”。
○注“簜竹”至“於堂”。
○释曰:按《禹贡(gong)》云:“筱簜(dang)(dang)既敷。”注云:“簜(dang)(dang),竹(zhu)(zhu)。”故(gu)知此簜(dang)(dang)亦(yi)竹(zhu)(zhu)也。其器(qi)(qi)则管也,是以(yi)(yi)下云:“乃管《新(xin)宫》”,注云:“管,谓(wei)(wei)吹簜(dang)(dang)。”故(gu)知竹(zhu)(zhu)管也。按《小(xiao)(xiao)师职》注云:“管如笛而小(xiao)(xiao),并两而吹之(zhi)(zhi),今大予乐官有(you)焉。”《尔(er)雅》云:“大笙(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)巢,小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)和。”箫大者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)(er)十三管,长尺四(si)寸(cun),小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)十六管,长尺二(er)(er)寸(cun)。大笙(sheng)十九簧,小(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)十三簧。若然,笙(sheng)、箫与(yu)管器(qi)(qi)异,以(yi)(yi)其皆用竹(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)云笙(sheng)箫之(zhi)(zhi)属也。云“倚於(wu)堂(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe),管拟吹之(zhi)(zhi),不倚在两建(jian)鼓閒(xian)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)不得倚於(wu)鼓,故(gu)知倚於(wu)堂(tang)也。
鼗(tao)(tao)倚于(yu)颂(song)磬(qing)西纮。鼗(tao)(tao)如鼓而(er)小,有柄。宾至,摇之以奏(zou)乐(le)也。纮,编磬(qing)绳也,设鼗(tao)(tao)於(wu)磬(qing)西,倚于(yu)纮也。《王制(zhi)》曰:“天子赐诸(zhu)侯乐(le),则(ze)以祝将之。赐伯、子、男乐(le),则(ze)以鼗(tao)(tao)将之。”
[疏]“鼗倚”至“西纮”。
○注“鼗如”至“将之”。
○释曰:知(zhi)“鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)如鼓(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)(er)小”者,按《那》诗云:“猗与(yu)(yu)那与(yu)(yu),置我(wo)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)鼓(gu)(gu)。”《传》云:“猗,叹(tan)辞。那,多(duo)也(ye)。郑读置为植(zhi)。植(zhi)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)鼓(gu)(gu)者,为楹贯(guan)而(er)(er)(er)树(shu)之(zhi)(zhi),美汤(tang)受命(ming)伐桀定天(tian)下,而(er)(er)(er)作护乐(le)(le),故(gu)叹(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)。其改夏之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)始植(zhi)我(wo)殷(yin)家之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le),鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)与(yu)(yu)鼓(gu)(gu)也(ye)。鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)虽不(bu)植(zhi),贯(guan)而(er)(er)(er)摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)。”以(yi)其殷(yin)人植(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu),以(yi)木贯(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)下有(you)(you)拊(fu),鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)亦(yi)以(yi)木为柄(bing)而(er)(er)(er)贯(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),但手执而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)植(zhi)为异,故(gu)云亦(yi)植(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)。鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)与(yu)(yu)鼓(gu)(gu)同文,是鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)如鼓(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)(er)小也(ye)。知(zhi)“有(you)(you)柄(bing)。宾至(zhi),摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)奏乐(le)(le)”者,按《眡(di)瞭职》云:“掌(zhang)凡乐(le)(le)事播(bo)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao),击(ji)颂(song)磬(qing)、笙磬(qing)。”磬(qing)言击(ji),鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)言播(bo),播(bo)为摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)可知(zhi)。鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)所以(yi)节乐(le)(le),宾至(zhi)乃(nai)乐(le)(le)作,故(gu)至(zhi)宾至(zhi),摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)奏乐(le)(le)也(ye)。云“纮,编(bian)磬(qing)绳也(ye)”者,纮若天(tian)子诸侯(hou)冕而(er)(er)(er)朱纮用组之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)。磬(qing)又(you)编(bian)县之(zhi)(zhi),用纮,故(gu)知(zhi)纮编(bian)磬(qing)绳也(ye)。知(zhi)“设鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)於(wu)磬(qing)西,倚(yi)於(wu)纮”者,以(yi)其锺磬(qing)皆面(mian)向(xiang)东(dong),人居其前西面(mian),故(gu)知(zhi)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)在磬(qing)西,倚(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)纮也(ye)。引《王制(zhi)(zhi)》者,证鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)为节乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)器,柷(zhu)状如漆筒(tong),中有(you)(you)椎,所以(yi)节乐(le)(le),鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)亦(yi)节乐(le)(le),柷(zhu)大(da)於(wu)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao),故(gu)赐公(gong)侯(hou)乐(le)(le)则以(yi)柷(zhu)将(jiang)命(ming),赐伯、子、男(nan)乐(le)(le)则以(yi)鼗(tao)(tao)(tao)将(jiang)命(ming),自馀(yu)乐(le)(le)器陈(chen)於(wu)外也(ye)。
厥明,司(si)宫尊于东(dong)楹之(zhi)(zhi)西,两方壶,膳尊两甒在南(nan)(nan),有(you)(you)丰。幂(mi)用锡若(ruo)絺,缀诸箭。盖幂(mi),如勺(shao),又(you)反之(zhi)(zhi)。皆玄尊。酒(jiu)在北(bei)。膳尊,君(jun)尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)陈之(zhi)(zhi),尊之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。丰以(yi)承尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)。说者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)为若(ruo)井鹿(lu)卢,其为字从豆,声,近(jin)似(si)豆,大而卑矣。幂(mi),覆尊巾也(ye)(ye)(ye)。锡,细布也(ye)(ye)(ye)。絺,细葛也(ye)(ye)(ye)。箭,筱也(ye)(ye)(ye)。为幂(mi),盖卷辟,缀於筱,横之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)反之(zhi)(zhi),为覆勺(shao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆玄尊,二者(zhe)(zhe)皆有(you)(you)玄酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)尊,重本(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。酒(jiu)在北(bei),尊统於君(jun),南(nan)(nan)为上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯(wei)君(jun)面尊,言专惠(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今文锡或作緆(yi),絺或作绤,古文箭作晋(jin)。
[疏]“厥明”至“在北”。
○注“膳尊”至“作晋”。
○释曰(yue):自此(ci)尽“羹定”,论(lun)(lun)豫(yu)设尊洗具馔(zhuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。案(an)《礼记·燕(yan)(yan)义(yi)》,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯射先行(xing)燕(yan)(yan)礼,此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)东陈(chen),皆陈(chen)设器(qi)物(wu),与《燕(yan)(yan)礼》同,但文有(you)详略耳(er)。云“说者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)若井鹿(lu)(lu)卢(lu)”者(zhe),鹿(lu)(lu)卢(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形,即葬(zang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)棺,碑间重鹿(lu)(lu)卢(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈,今(jin)见井上(shang)竖柱夹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)索绕而(er)(er)(er)挽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是也(ye)(ye)。云其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)字(zi)(zi)从豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)声者(zhe),此(ci)谓(wei)上(shang)声下(xia)(xia)(xia)形之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi),年(nian)(nian)和(he)穀(gu)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)多有(you),故(gu)从豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)形也(ye)(ye)。“丰(feng)(feng)”者(zhe),承(cheng)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),象形也(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)丰(feng)(feng)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)著豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),今(jin)诸(zhu)(zhu)经皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)承(cheng)尊爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不用本字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)用丰(feng)(feng)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丰(feng)(feng),故(gu)郑还(hai)旅(lv)丰(feng)(feng)字(zi)(zi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)字(zi)(zi)从豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)形,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)声也(ye)(ye)。云“近似(si)(si)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),大(da)而(er)(er)(er)卑矣(yi)”者(zhe),既(ji)用豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)形,还(hai)近似(si)(si)笾豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),举汉法(fa)而(er)(er)(er)知。但豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)口(kou)径(jing)尺(chi)(chi),柄(bing)亦(yi)(yi)长尺(chi)(chi),口(kou)径(jing)小而(er)(er)(er)又高。此(ci)承(cheng)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),口(kou)足(zu)径(jing)各宜差宽,中央亦(yi)(yi)大(da),共高尺(chi)(chi),比常豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia),故(gu)云近似(si)(si)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)而(er)(er)(er)卑。但斫一大(da)木(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安稳,此(ci)丰(feng)(feng)若在(zai)宗庙(miao)(miao),或两(liang)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坫(dian),致(zhi)爵(jue)在(zai)於上(shang),故(gu)《论(lun)(lun)语》云“邦君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)两(liang)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,有(you)反(fan)坫(dian)”,郑注(zhu)云“反(fan)坫(dian),反(fan)爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坫(dian)”是也(ye)(ye)。必用丰(feng)(feng)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丰(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)坫(dian)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时和(he)年(nian)(nian)丰(feng)(feng),万物(wu)成孰,粢盛丰(feng)(feng)备,以(yi)(yi)(yi)共郊庙(miao)(miao),神歆其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祀,祝嘏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu),至(zhi)《乡饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒》、《乡射》、《燕(yan)(yan)礼》、《大(da)射》,或君(jun)(jun)与臣下(xia)(xia)(xia)及四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾燕(yan)(yan),家(jia)富民足(zu),人(ren)情优暇,旨酒嘉肴,盈尊满俎,於以(yi)(yi)(yi)讲道论(lun)(lun)政,既(ji)献酬侑(you)酢,至(zhi)无(wu)筭爵(jue),行(xing)礼交乐,和(he)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)相欢(huan),劝饮(yin)(yin)(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云“锡(xi),细布(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),《丧服(fu)记》曰(yue):“锡(xi)者(zhe),十五(wu)升抽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半。无(wu)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缕,有(you)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)布(bu)(bu),曰(yue)锡(xi)。”故(gu)知锡(xi)是细布(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锡(xi)者(zhe),治(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)布(bu)(bu)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滑(hua)易也(ye)(ye)。云“唯君(jun)(jun)面(mian)尊”者(zhe),《玉藻》文,注(zhu)云:“面(mian),向(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。”彼谓(wei)人(ren)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)臣子,专其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恩惠,此(ci)《大(da)射》亦(yi)(yi)谓(wei)人(ren)君(jun)(jun)燕(yan)(yan)臣下(xia)(xia)(xia),与彼是同专惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,故(gu)皆尊鼻向(xiang)君(jun)(jun)。云“言专惠”者(zhe),决《乡饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒》尊于(yu)房户之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒,宾主(zhu)夹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不得专惠故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
尊士旅(lv)食于西鑮(bo)之南,北面,两(liang)圜壶。旅(lv),众(zhong)也。士众(zhong)食未得正禄,谓庶(shu)人(ren)在官(guan)者。圜壶,变於方也。贱无玄(xuan)酒。
[疏]“尊士”至“圜壶”。
○注“旅众”至“玄酒”。
○释(shi)曰:前设(she)县(xian)(xian)时,鑮(bo)南更(geng)有(you)一建鼓(gu)(gu)。今设(she)尊(zun)不应在(zai)鼓(gu)(gu)北,而云(yun)鑮(bo)南者,其实在(zai)鼓(gu)(gu)南门西,北面,与《燕礼》同。而云(yun)鑮(bo)南者,遥(yao)继鑮(bo)而言(yan),必继鑮(bo)者,乐以县(xian)(xian)为主故也。
又尊(zun)于大侯(hou)之乏(fa)东北(bei),两壶(hu)献(xian)酒。为隶仆(pu)人、巾车、糁侯(hou)犴侯(hou)之获者。献(xian)读(du)为沙(sha),沙(sha)酒浊(zhuo),特泲之,必摩(mo)沙(sha)者也。两壶(hu)皆(jie)沙(sha)酒。《郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)》曰:“汁献(xian)涚于醆酒。”服(fu)不之尊(zun),俟(si)时而(er)陈於(wu)南,统於(wu)侯(hou),皆(jie)东面(mian)。
[疏]“又尊”至“献酒”。
○注“为隶”至“东面”。
○释曰:知“为(wei)隶仆人、巾车、糁(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)犴(an)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)获”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其此(ci)(ci)人皆(jie)有功,又下(xia)文以(yi)此(ci)(ci)尊(zun)献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)知也。知“沙(sha)酒浊”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)从下(xia)向上(shang)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),醍沈清於(wu)泛(fan)醴(li),鬯(chang)郁又在五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),故(gu)(gu)知沙(sha)酒浊也。云(yun)“特泲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必摩(mo)沙(sha)者(zhe)(zhe)也”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)解名沙(sha)酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)“《郊特牲》曰:汁(zhi)献(xian)(xian)涚于醆酒”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)以(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)中取醆酒,盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)泲郁鬯(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。献(xian)(xian),沙(sha)也,泲郁鬯(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),和盎(ang)齐(qi)(qi)以(yi)手摩(mo)沙(sha),出其香汁(zhi),涚清也,泲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使清也。此(ci)(ci)为(wei)隶仆以(yi)下(xia)卑贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人而(er)献(xian)(xian)郁鬯(chang)者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)所得(de)献(xian)(xian),皆(jie)因祭侯(hou)(hou)(hou),谓侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen),故(gu)(gu)用郁鬯(chang)也。云(yun)“服不(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun),俟(si)时(shi)而(er)陈於(wu)南(nan)(nan),统於(wu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),皆(jie)东面(mian)”,知此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)大侯(hou)(hou)(hou)服不(bu)(bu)设(she)者(zhe)(zhe),案下(xia)文云(yun)“服不(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)东面(mian)南(nan)(nan)上(shang)”,故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun):“俟(si)时(shi)而(er)陈於(wu)南(nan)(nan)。”统於(wu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),皆(jie)东面(mian)也。
设洗于(yu)阼阶东(dong)南(nan),罍水在(zai)东(dong),篚在(zai)洗西(xi),南(nan)陈。设膳篚在(zai)其北,西(xi)面(mian)。或(huo)言(yan)南(nan)陈,或(huo)言(yan)西(xi)面(mian),异其文也。
[疏]“设洗”至“西面”。
○注“或言”至“文也”。
○释曰:云“异(yi)其(qi)文也”者(zhe),洗篚言南陈(chen),亦西面(mian),膳(shan)篚言西面(mian),亦南陈(chen),其(qi)实所从言异(yi),尊君(jun)故也。
又(you)设洗于(yu)获者之尊西北,水在(zai)洗北,篚在(zai)南,东陈。亦统於侯也(ye)。无爵,因服(fu)不也(ye)。有篚,为奠(dian)虚爵也(ye)。服(fu)不之洗,亦俟(si)时而陈於其南。
[疏]“又设”至“东陈”。
○注“亦统”至“其南”。
○释曰:云(yun)“亦统於(wu)侯也”者(zhe),前设尊两献酒,亦云(yun)“服不之尊”,俟时而陈於(wu)南,统於(wu)侯。今此(ci)设篚在南,后设服不之洗在南,亦统於(wu)侯。
小臣设公(gong)(gong)席于(yu)阼(zuo)阶上,西(xi)(xi)乡。司宫设宾(bin)席于(yu)户西(xi)(xi),南面(mian),有加席。卿(qing)席宾(bin)东(dong)(dong)(dong),东(dong)(dong)(dong)上。小卿(qing)宾(bin)西(xi)(xi),东(dong)(dong)(dong)上。大夫(fu)继而东(dong)(dong)(dong)上。若有东(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)者,则北(bei)上。席工于(yu)西(xi)(xi)阶之东(dong)(dong)(dong),东(dong)(dong)(dong)上。诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong)阼(zuo)阶西(xi)(xi),北(bei)面(mian),东(dong)(dong)(dong)上。唯宾(bin)及公(gong)(gong)席布之也(ye),其馀树之於位后耳(er)。小卿(qing),命於其君(jun)者也(ye)。席於宾(bin)西(xi)(xi),射礼(li)辨贵贱也(ye)。诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong),大国(guo)有孤卿(qing)一人,与君(jun)论道,亦不典职如公(gong)(gong)矣。
[疏]“小臣”至“东上”。
○注“唯宾”至“公矣”。
○释曰:知“宾(bin)及公(gong)(gong)席(xi)布之(zhi),其馀(yu)树(shu)之(zhi)於(wu)位后(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下(xia)文(wen)(wen)更有孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)夫席(xi)文(wen)(wen),故知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此实未(wei)布而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)布之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲辨(bian)尊(zun)卑,故先言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孤(gu)尊(zun)而(er)(er)后(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)“若”,是有无(wu)(wu)不定,故后(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“小(xiao)卿(qing)(qing),命(ming)於(wu)其君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《王制》云:“大(da)国(guo)三(san)(san)卿(qing)(qing),皆命(ming)於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)。次(ci)国(guo)三(san)(san)卿(qing)(qing),二卿(qing)(qing)命(ming)於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)。一(yi)卿(qing)(qing)命(ming)於(wu)其君。”小(xiao)国(guo)亦三(san)(san)卿(qing)(qing),一(yi)卿(qing)(qing)命(ming)於(wu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi),二卿(qing)(qing)命(ming)於(wu)其君。若言(yan)(yan)(yan)小(xiao)卿(qing)(qing),据次(ci)国(guo)已下(xia)有之(zhi)。云“射礼(li)辨(bian)贵(gui)贱(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),决(jue)《燕礼(li)》大(da)、小(xiao)卿(qing)(qing)皆在尊(zun)东(dong),西无(wu)(wu)小(xiao)卿(qing)(qing)位,彼主於(wu)燕,不辨(bian)贵(gui)贱(jian)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“与君论(lun)(lun)(lun)道,亦不典职(zhi)如公(gong)(gong)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),成王《周官》云:“立太师、太傅、太保,兹(zi)惟三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)。论(lun)(lun)(lun)道经邦,燮理(li)阴(yin)阳(yang)。”是三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)论(lun)(lun)(lun)道无(wu)(wu)职(zhi),比大(da)国(guo)立孤(gu)一(yi)人,论(lun)(lun)(lun)道与公(gong)(gong)同,亦无(wu)(wu)职(zhi),故云不典职(zhi)如公(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。纵郑不见《周官》,於(wu)《周礼(li)》三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)亦无(wu)(wu)职(zhi),《考工记(ji)》云“或坐(zuo)而(er)(er)论(lun)(lun)(lun)道”,亦通及三(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)矣。
官馔(zhuan)。百官各馔(zhuan)其所当共之物。
[疏]“官馔”。
○释(shi)曰:《燕礼(li)》宰馔,此不言(yan)宰而(er)言(yan)官(guan)者,欲见非独宰,故郑云“百官(guan)各馔”。
羹定。亨肉孰也(ye)。《射义(yi)》曰:“诸侯之射也(ye),必(bi)先行燕礼(li)。”燕礼(li)牲用狗。
射人告具于公(gong)。公(gong)升即位于席,西(xi)(xi)乡。小臣(chen)师(shi)纳诸公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu),诸公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)皆入(ru)(ru)门右,北(bei)(bei)面(mian),东(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)。士(shi)西(xi)(xi)方,东(dong)(dong)面(mian),北(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)。大(da)(da)史(shi)在干侯(hou)之东(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei),北(bei)(bei)面(mian),东(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)。士(shi)旅食(shi)者在士(shi)南,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)东(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)。小臣(chen)师(shi)、从者在东(dong)(dong)堂下,南面(mian),西(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)。大(da)(da)史(shi)在干侯(hou)东(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei),士(shi)旅食(shi)者在士(shi)南,为有侯(hou),入(ru)(ru)庭深也(ye)(ye)。小臣(chen)师(shi),正之佐也(ye)(ye)。正相君(jun),出(chu)入(ru)(ru)君(jun)之大(da)(da)命(ming)。
[疏]“射人”至“西上”。
○注“大史”至“大命”。
○释曰(yue):自(zi)此(ci)尽(jin)“少进”,论群臣(chen)(chen)立位之事(shi)。云(yun)“大(da)史在干侯(hou)(hou)(hou)东北,士旅食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在士南,为有(you)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),入(ru)庭深也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),决《燕(yan)礼》,士旅食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立于门(men)西东上。此(ci)不继门(men)而(er)在士南继士者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为有(you)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),故入(ru)庭深也(ye)。云(yun)“小(xiao)臣(chen)(chen)师(shi),正之佐(zuo)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下有(you)小(xiao)臣(chen)(chen)正,正,长也(ye),故以师(shi)为佐(zuo)。云(yun)“正相君,出入(ru)君之大(da)命(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),小(xiao)臣(chen)(chen)正,小(xiao)臣(chen)(chen)中尊(zun)如天子(zi)大(da)仆,故引《大(da)仆职》解之也(ye)。
公(gong)降,立于阼阶之(zhi)东南(nan),南(nan)乡(xiang)。小臣师诏(zhao)(zhao)揖诸公(gong)卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu),诸公(gong)卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)西面,北(bei)上,揖大夫(fu)(fu),大夫(fu)(fu)皆少进(jin)。诏(zhao)(zhao),告也(ye)(ye)。变尔言揖,亦以其(qi)入庭深也(ye)(ye)。上言大夫(fu)(fu),误衍耳(er)。
[疏]注“诏告”至“衍耳”。
○释曰:《燕礼(li)》言(yan)“尔”,以其近(jin)门去君远而言(yan)尔。尔,近(jin)也(ye),移(yi)(yi)也(ye),揖(yi)之(zhi)使移(yi)(yi)近(jin)。此入庭深,故不言(yan)尔而言(yan)揖(yi),揖(yi)之(zhi)而已,不须(xu)移(yi)(yi)近(jin)之(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)“上(shang)(shang)言(yan)大夫(fu),误(wu)衍”者(zhe),以其大夫(fu)与(yu)公卿面有异,故下(xia)别言(yan)大夫(fu)少进,明上(shang)(shang)有大夫(fu),误(wu)衍“大夫(fu)大夫(fu)”四字也(ye)。
大(da)射正(zheng)(zheng)摈。大(da)射正(zheng)(zheng),射人(ren)之长。
[疏]“大射正摈”。
○注“大射正射人之长”。
○释曰:自此尽(jin)“门外(wai)北面”,论(lun)请立(li)宾之事。大(da)射正对(dui)射人为(wei)长(zhang),若小臣(chen)正对(dui)小臣(chen)师亦(yi)为(wei)长(zhang)。
摈者请宾。公曰:“命某(mou)为宾。”某(mou),大夫名。摈者命宾,宾少进,礼辞(ci)(ci)。命宾者,东面南顾。辞(ci)(ci),辞(ci)(ci)以不敏。反命,以宾之辞(ci)(ci)告於(wu)君(jun)。又命之。宾再拜(bai)稽首,受命。又,复。
摈者反命(ming)。宾出(chu),立(li)于门(men)外,北面。公揖(yi)卿大(da)夫,升(sheng)就席。小臣自阼阶(jie)下(xia)北面,请(qing)执幂(mi)(mi)者与羞膳者。请(qing)士可使执君两甒之幂(mi)(mi),及羞脯醢庶羞於君者。方(fang)圜壶(hu)献无(wu)幂(mi)(mi)。
[疏]“公揖”至“膳者”。
○注“请士”至“无幂”。
○释曰(yue):自此尽“公(gong)卿者(zhe)(zhe)”,论(lun)卿大(da)夫定位及请执幂之事。云(yun)“请士(shi)可使”者(zhe)(zhe),郑知(zhi)请士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),据《燕礼》而知(zhi)。云(yun)“方(fang)圜(yuan)壶献无幂”者(zhe)(zhe),方(fang)圜(yuan)壶,臣尊(zun)献获者(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)皆无幂。
乃命(ming)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幂者(zhe)。执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幂者(zhe)升自(zi)西(xi)阶,立于尊南,北面,东(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)。命(ming)者(zhe)於西(xi)阶前以公命(ming)命(ming)之,东(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang),执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄尊之幂为上(shang)。羞膳者(zhe)从而(er)东(dong)(dong)(dong),由堂东(dong)(dong)(dong)升自(zi)北阶,立于房中,西(xi)面南上(shang)。不言(yan)命(ming)者(zhe),不升堂,略之。
[疏]“乃命”至“东上”。
○注“命者”至“略之”。
○释(shi)曰:知(zhi)“命之在西阶(jie)前”者(zhe)(zhe),以其小(xiao)臣位在东堂(tang)(tang)下,於阼阶(jie)请公(gong)命,乃(nai)就(jiu)西阶(jie)请执(zhi)幂(mi)者(zhe)(zhe),以其执(zhi)幂(mi)者(zhe)(zhe)士位在西故也。云(yun)“羞膳者(zhe)(zhe)从(cong)而东”者(zhe)(zhe),已(yi)於《燕礼》释(shi)讫(qi)。云(yun)“不(bu)升堂(tang)(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe),但不(bu)由南方升,略之。升自(zi)北堂(tang)(tang),是亦升堂(tang)(tang)矣。
膳(shan)宰请羞于诸公卿者。膳(shan)宰请者,异於君也。
[疏]“膳宰”至“卿者”。
○释(shi)曰:不(bu)言命者,对(dui)君(jun)言命於臣,略之(zhi)。
摈者纳宾(bin),宾(bin)及(ji)庭(ting),公降一等(deng)揖(yi)宾(bin),宾(bin)辟。及(ji),至也。辟,逡遁,不敢(gan)当(dang)盛。
[疏]“摈者”至“宾辟”。
○注“及至”至“当盛”。
○释曰(yue):自此尽“宾(bin)答再拜”,论主(zhu)人迎宾(bin)拜至及献宾(bin)之事。云“公(gong)降一等揖宾(bin)”,不(bu)(bu)言请(qing)宾(bin)至位就席者,亦是(shi)以(yi)宾(bin)与主(zhu)人为礼,礼不(bu)(bu)参,故不(bu)(bu)请(qing)也(ye)。此言“宾(bin)辟”,《燕(yan)礼》不(bu)(bu)言,文(wen)略也(ye)。
公升,即席(xi)。以宾将与主人为礼,不参(can)之。
奏(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏》。《肆(si)夏》,乐章名,今亡。吕叔玉云(yun):《肆(si)夏》,《时(shi)迈(mai)》也。《时(shi)迈(mai)》者,大平巡守,祭山(shan)川之(zhi)乐歌。其《诗》曰:“明昭有(you)周,式序(xu)在位。”又曰:“我求懿(yi)德,肆(si)于《时(shi)夏》。”奏(zou)(zou)此以延(yan)宾,其著(zhu)宣王德,劝贤与?《周礼》曰:“宾出入,奏(zou)(zou)《肆(si)夏》。”
[疏]“奏肆夏”。
○注“肆夏”至“肆夏”。
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》乐(le)(le)章名(ming)(ming),今(jin)亡(wang)”者(zhe),案《周(zhou)礼(li)·锺师》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)锺鼓奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《九(jiu)夏(xia)》”,杜子春(chun)引(yin)吕叔(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)为“《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》,《时(shi)迈》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);《繁(fan)遏》、《执(zhi)傹》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);《渠》,《思文(wen)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。后郑云(yun)(yun):“以(yi)《文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)》、《鹿鸣》言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《九(jiu)夏(xia)》皆《诗》篇名(ming)(ming),《颂(song)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)歌(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe),载在乐(le)(le)章,乐(le)(le)崩亦(yi)(yi)从(cong)而亡(wang),是以(yi)《颂(song)》不(bu)能(neng)(neng)具。”郑彼(bi)注(zhu)破吕叔(shu)玉(yu)。此(ci)注(zhu)亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》,乐(le)(le)章名(ming)(ming),今(jin)亡(wang)”,与(yu)彼(bi)注(zhu)亦(yi)(yi)同(tong)。今(jin)此(ci)又(you)引(yin)“吕叔(shu)玉(yu)”於(wu)(wu)下者(zhe),以(yi)无正(zheng)文(wen),叔(shu)玉(yu)或为一义(yi),故郑於(wu)(wu)此(ci)两解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)山(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)歌(ge)”者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)《时(shi)迈》序云(yun)(yun):“巡守(shou)(shou)告祭(ji)柴望也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”谓巡守(shou)(shou)祭(ji)当方山(shan)用(yong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制》及《尚书》云(yun)(yun)“望秩於(wu)(wu)山(shan)川”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“明昭(zhao)有(you)周(zhou)”者(zhe),美武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)明,明於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)。云(yun)(yun)“式序在位”者(zhe),式,用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),任贤用(yong)能(neng)(neng),序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使在官位。云(yun)(yun)“我(wo)求懿(yi)德(de)”者(zhe),懿(yi),美也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),我(wo)求取美德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“肆(si)(si)(si)(si)于(yu)《时(shi)夏(xia)》”,肆(si)(si)(si)(si),遂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),夏(xia),大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),能(neng)(neng)如此(ci)遂於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)。云(yun)(yun)“奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)此(ci)以(yi)延(yan)宾(bin)(bin),其(qi)(qi)著宣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)德(de),劝(quan)贤与(yu)”者(zhe),今(jin)国君歌(ge)此(ci)诗,延(yan)宾(bin)(bin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)欲著明诸侯,宣布王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),以(yi)劝(quan)贤人(ren),使有(you)德(de)言与(yu)者(zhe)?郑以(yi)义(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无正(zheng)文(wen),故云(yun)(yun)“与(yu)”以(yi)疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《周(zhou)礼(li)》曰(yue):宾(bin)(bin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》”者(zhe),按(an)《大(da)司乐(le)(le)》云(yun)(yun):“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)夏(xia)》,尸出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》,牲出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏(xia)》。”下云(yun)(yun):“大(da)飨不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)牲,其(qi)(qi)他皆如祭(ji)祀(si)。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“大(da)飨,飨宾(bin)(bin)客也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”彼(bi)宾(bin)(bin)客谓诸侯来朝(chao)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)牲,牲不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru),亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏(xia)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)他谓王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru),宾(bin)(bin)客出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru),亦(yi)(yi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)夏(xia)》、《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》。”以(yi)此(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)用(yong)《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》以(yi)飨诸侯来朝(chao)。今(jin)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证燕(yan)时(shi)纳宾(bin)(bin),亦(yi)(yi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)《燕(yan)礼(li)》记云(yun)(yun):“若(ruo)以(yi)乐(le)(le)纳宾(bin)(bin),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)宾(bin)(bin)及庭奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)》。”郑云(yun)(yun):“卿(qing)大(da)夫有(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)此(ci)乐(le)(le)焉。”此(ci)亦(yi)(yi)同(tong)彼(bi)注(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)臣无王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)如常燕(yan),无以(yi)乐(le)(le),纳宾(bin)(bin)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)此(ci)纳宾(bin)(bin)乐(le)(le),故诸侯亦(yi)(yi)得用(yong),若(ruo)升歌(ge)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)可。若(ruo)宾(bin)(bin)醉而出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《陔夏(xia)》,与(yu)此(ci)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
宾(bin)(bin)升自西(xi)阶(jie),主人(ren)从之(zhi)。宾(bin)(bin)右北面至(zhi)再拜,宾(bin)(bin)答(da)再拜。主人(ren),宰夫也,又掌宾(bin)(bin)客之(zhi)献饮食(shi)。君於臣(chen)虽为(wei)宾(bin)(bin),不亲(qin)献,以(yi)其(qi)莫(mo)敢亢礼。
主(zhu)人降洗(xi),洗(xi)南,西北(bei)面。宾将从降,乡之,不於洗(xi)北(bei),辟正主(zhu)。
[疏]“主人”至“北面”。
○注“宾将”至“正主”。
○释(shi)曰(yue):自此(ci)(ci)至“虚爵降”,论主人献宾(bin)之事(shi)也(ye)。云“不(bu)於(wu)(wu)洗北,辟正(zheng)主”者,按《乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu)》、《乡(xiang)射(she)》主人降洗,洗北南(nan)面是正(zheng)主,此(ci)(ci)宰夫代君为(wei)主,故不(bu)於(wu)(wu)洗北南(nan)面也(ye)。
宾(bin)(bin)(bin)降(jiang)阶(jie)西,东面(mian)。主(zhu)(zhu)人辞(ci)(ci)降(jiang),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)对(dui)。对(dui),答。主(zhu)(zhu)人北(bei)面(mian)盥,坐取(qu)觚(gu)(gu),洗。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)少(shao)进(jin)(jin),辞(ci)(ci)洗。主(zhu)(zhu)人坐奠觚(gu)(gu)于篚,兴对(dui)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)反(fan)位(wei)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)少(shao)进(jin)(jin)者,所辞(ci)(ci)异(yi),宜违(wei)其位(wei)也(ye)。献不用爵,辟正(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)。主(zhu)(zhu)人卒洗。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)揖(yi),升(sheng)。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)每先(xian)升(sheng),尊也(ye)。主(zhu)(zhu)人升(sheng),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)拜洗。主(zhu)(zhu)人宾(bin)(bin)(bin)右奠觚(gu)(gu)答拜,降(jiang)盥。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)降(jiang),主(zhu)(zhu)人辞(ci)(ci)降(jiang),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)对(dui)。卒盥。宾(bin)(bin)(bin)揖(yi)升(sheng)。主(zhu)(zhu)人升(sheng),坐取(qu)觚(gu)(gu)。取(qu)觚(gu)(gu),将(jiang)就瓦甒酌(zhuo)膳。执幂(mi)者举幂(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)人酌(zhuo)膳,执幂(mi)者盖幂(mi)。酌(zhuo)者加(jia)勺(shao),又(you)反(fan)之(zhi)。反(fan)之(zhi),覆勺(shao)。
筵前(qian)献宾(bin)。宾(bin)西阶上拜,受爵(jue)(jue)于(yu)筵前(qian),反(fan)位。主人宾(bin)右拜送爵(jue)(jue)。宾(bin)既拜,於筵前(qian)受爵(jue)(jue),退复位。
[疏]注“宾既”至“复位”。
○释曰:云“宾既(ji)拜,於筵前受爵”者,郑(zheng)恐读者以(yi)拜下读为(wei)句。
宰(zai)胥荐(jian)脯醢。宰(zai)胥,宰(zai)官之吏(li)也,不使膳宰(zai)荐(jian),不主於饮酒,变於燕(yan)。
[疏]注“宰胥”至“於燕”。
○释(shi)曰:云“不使膳宰荐者,不主(zhu)饮酒,变於燕”者,决(jue)《燕礼》使膳宰荐,主(zhu)於饮酒故也(ye)。
宾(bin)升筵。庶(shu)(shu)子设(she)折俎(zu)。庶(shu)(shu)子,司马之属,掌正(zheng)六牲之体者也。《乡射》记曰:“宾(bin)俎(zu),脊(ji)、胁、肩、肺(fei)。”不(bu)使(shi)膳宰设(she)俎(zu),为(wei)射变於燕。宾(bin)坐(zuo),左执(zhi)觚,右(you)祭(ji)脯醢,奠爵(jue)于(yu)荐右(you),兴(xing)取(qu)肺(fei),坐(zuo)绝祭(ji),哜之,兴(xing)加于(yu)俎(zu),坐(zuo)捝手,执(zhi)爵(jue),遂祭(ji)酒,兴(xing),席末坐(zuo)啐(cui)酒,降(jiang)席,坐(zuo)奠爵(jue),拜(bai),告(gao)旨(zhi),执(zhi)爵(jue)兴(xing)。主人(ren)答拜(bai)。降(jiang)席,席西也。旨(zhi),美也。
乐阕(que)。阕(que),止(zhi)也。乐止(zhi)者(zhe),尊宾(bin)之礼(li)盛(sheng)於上(shang)也。
[疏]“乐阕”。
○注“阕止”至“上也”。
○释曰(yue):此(ci)上(shang)经云(yun)“奠爵拜(bai)(bai)告旨(zhi)”,下经云(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)卒(zu)(zu)爵”,则此(ci)经者(zhe)(zhe)是宾(bin)(bin)啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)节即乐(le)阕(que)。《燕礼(li)》记亦(yi)云(yun):“宾(bin)(bin)及庭,奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)》。宾(bin)(bin)拜(bai)(bai)酒(jiu)(jiu),主(zhu)人(ren)答拜(bai)(bai)而(er)(er)乐(le)阕(que)。”亦(yi)据(ju)啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)时。按(an)《郊特牲》“宾(bin)(bin)入大门而(er)(er)奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)》”,又曰(yue)“卒(zu)(zu)爵而(er)(er)乐(le)阕(que)”,与此(ci)啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)乐(le)阕(que)不同者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)注谓(wei)朝聘(pin)者(zhe)(zhe),故卒(zu)(zu)爵而(er)(er)乐(le)阕(que),此(ci)燕己臣子(zi)法(fa),故啐(cui)酒(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)乐(le)阕(que)也。云(yun)“尊(zun)宾(bin)(bin)之礼(li)盛(sheng)(sheng)於上(shang)也”者(zhe)(zhe),宾(bin)(bin)及庭,奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)》,乃至升堂(tang)饮酒(jiu)(jiu),乃乐(le)止(zhi),是尊(zun)宾(bin)(bin)之礼(li)盛(sheng)(sheng)於堂(tang)上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)也。
宾西阶上北面坐(zuo),卒爵(jue),兴,坐(zuo)奠爵(jue),拜(bai),执爵(jue)兴。主人答(da)拜(bai)。