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周礼注疏·序在线阅读

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●卷四

  (唐朝散(san)大夫行太学(xue)博士弘文(wen)馆学(xue)士臣贾(jia)公彦等(deng)奉敕撰(zhuan))

夫天(tian)(tian)(tian)育蒸民(min)(min)(min),无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)则(ze)(ze)乱(luan)(luan);立君治(zhi)乱(luan)(luan),事(shi)(shi)资贤(xian)辅(fu)。但(dan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)地(di)(di)(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,无(wu)事(shi)(shi)安民(min)(min)(min)。降自(zi)(zi)燧(sui)(sui)皇(huang)(huang)(huang),方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臣(chen)矣。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《易·通(tong)(tong)卦验》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)位(wei),君臣(chen)道生。君有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)期,辅(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),公(gong)(gong)(gong)、卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、大(da)夫。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“燧(sui)(sui)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)始出,握机矩表计,置其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)刻(ke)日苍(cang)牙,通(tong)(tong)灵昌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng),孔演命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),明(ming)(ming)道经。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“拒燧(sui)(sui)皇(huang)(huang)(huang),谓(wei)(wei)人皇(huang)(huang)(huang),在(zai)伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)前(qian),风姓(xing)(xing)(xing),始王天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”《丁菲(fei):“所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)头(tou)(tou),兄弟(di)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)人,别长(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)教君臣(chen),起自(zi)(zi)人皇(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),至(zhi)(zhi)伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)《文(wen)耀(yao)钩》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)《易》名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)《论语(yu)撰(zhuan)考》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)形象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。”伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)已(yi)前(qian),虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),未(wei)(wei)必具(ju)(ju)立官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)位(wei),至(zhi)(zhi)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)位(wei)乃(nai)具(ju)(ju)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)·命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)历序(xu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)头(tou)(tou)纪(ji),时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臣(chen),无(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)位(wei)尊卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别。”燧(sui)(sui)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),则(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)民(min)(min)(min)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)明(ming)(ming)矣,但(dan)无(wu)文(wen)字以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》昭十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“秋(qiu)(qiu),郯子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)来(lai)(lai)朝,公(gong)(gong)(gong)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宴,昭子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问焉,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):少(shao)(shao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鸟(niao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),何故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?”杜(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“少(shao)(shao)金天(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),已(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“郯子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),我知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)纪(ji),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)师而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)轩辕(yuan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)瑞(rui)(rui),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)纪(ji)事(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)师长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),缙云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盖其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)纪(ji),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)师而(er)(er)火(huo)(huo)(huo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“炎(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)神农氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),姜姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火(huo)(huo)(huo)瑞(rui)(rui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)纪(ji)事(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“共(gong)工(gong)(gong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水纪(ji),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水师而(er)(er)水名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“共(gong)工(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诸侯霸有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)神农前(qian),大(da)後(hou)(hou),亦受(shou)水瑞(rui)(rui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“大(da)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)龙纪(ji),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)龙师而(er)(er)龙名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),风姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)龙瑞(rui)(rui),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)龙命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“我高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)祖(zu)少(shao)(shao)挚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),凤鸟(niao)至(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)纪(ji)於(wu)鸟(niao),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鸟(niao)师而(er)(er)鸟(niao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凤鸟(niao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)历正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),又(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)鸟(niao)、五(wu)(wu)鸠(jiu)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)扈、五(wu)(wu)雉并为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长(zhang),亦皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)属(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),但(dan)无(wu)文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若然,则(ze)(ze)自(zi)(zi)上(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai),所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长(zhang),故(gu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)师以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“自(zi)(zi)颛顼(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai),不能纪(ji)远,乃(nai)纪(ji)於(wu)近(jin)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少(shao)(shao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)象(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de),百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)象(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)徵;颛顼(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai),天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di),百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi),事(shi)(shi)即(ji)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)、司(si)(si)(si)马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,前(qian)少(shao)(shao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)祝(zhu)鸠(jiu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),本名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)祝(zhu)鸠(jiu),言(yan)(yan)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)後(hou)(hou)代(dai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)况(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)(zi)少(shao)(shao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)数(shu)略如(ru)上(shang)说,颛顼(xu)及(ji)(ji)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)数(shu)虽无(wu)明(ming)(ming)说,可略而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。案(an)(an)昭二(er)(er)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian),魏献子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“社稷(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)祀,谁氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)?”蔡墨对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“少(shao)(shao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)叔,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)重、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)该(gai)、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)熙,实(shi)能金、木(mu)及(ji)(ji)水。使(shi)重为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)句(ju)芒,该(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蓐收(shou),及(ji)(ji)熙为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)冥,世(shi)不失职(zhi),遂(sui)济穷桑,此(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)祀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“穷桑,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)少(shao)(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“颛顼(xu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犁(li)(li)(li)(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)融;共(gong)工(gong)(gong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)句(ju)龙,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)土:此(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)祀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)土为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社。稷(ji)(ji)(ji),田正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)烈(lie)山(shan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柱,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),自(zi)(zi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。周(zhou)(zhou)弃(qi)(qi)亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),自(zi)(zi)商以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)(lai)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”故(gu)《外(wai)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》犁(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)颛顼(xu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《郑(zheng)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”故(gu)《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu):“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)重为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),司(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian);犁(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),司(si)(si)(si)地(di)(di)(di)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)与颛顼(xu)相继无(wu)隔,故(gu)重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)事(shi)(shi)颛顼(xu),又(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin),若稷(ji)(ji)(ji)、契与禹(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)又(you)(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昭十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)服注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“颛顼(xu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“春(chun)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),中官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“遂(sui)济穷桑”,穷桑,颛顼(xu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)居,是(shi)(shi)(shi)度颛顼(xu)至(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)及(ji)(ji)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,不见更有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)馀(yu)(yu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun),官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)稍(shao)改(gai)。《楚语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)复育重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)”,重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),即(ji)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃(nai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)重为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),司(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian);犁(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),司(si)(si)(si)地(di)(di)(di)。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)育重、犁(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)使(shi)掌(zhang)旧职(zhi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),亦纪(ji)於(wu)近(jin),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)盖曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)、司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),稷(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“分命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)仲(zhong)”、“申命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)叔”、“分命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)(he)(he)仲(zhong)”、“申命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)和(he)(he)(he)(he)叔”,使(shi)分主(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)。注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu):“仲(zhong)、叔亦羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)既分阴(yin)(yin)阳四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),又(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。掌(zhang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),字曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)仲(zhong)叔;则(ze)(ze)掌(zhang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)伯(bo)乎(hu)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。”案(an)(an)下(xia)“兜(dou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)共(gong)工(gong)(gong)”,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu):“共(gong)工(gong)(gong),水官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”至(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)求百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui),禹(yu)(yu)让稷(ji)(ji)(ji)、契暨咎(jiu)繇(zhou),帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“弃(qi)(qi),黎民(min)(min)(min)阻饥,汝(ru)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)播时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu):“稷(ji)(ji)(ji),弃(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。初(chu),尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)契,百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)不亲,汝(ru)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)”,又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)咎(jiu)繇(zhou),汝(ru)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)士(shi)(shi)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi),舜(shun)(shun)(shun)因(yin)禹(yu)(yu)让,述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)功(gong)。下(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“舜(shun)(shun)(shun)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)伯(bo)夷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秩宗(zong)”,舜(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先後(hou)(hou)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),唯(wei)无(wu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)馀(yu)(yu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)约(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),《夏(xia)(xia)(xia)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)马在(zai)前(qian),又(you)(you)(you)後(hou)(hou)代(dai)况(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)叔为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)(si)马也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)分命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)仲(zhong)叔,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),盖春(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秩宗(zong),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)马,秋(qiu)(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi),冬(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)工(gong)(gong),通(tong)(tong)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)与司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)见也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)分阴(yin)(yin)阳为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非谓(wei)(wei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),始分阴(yin)(yin)阳为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),但(dan)分高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)辛(xin)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重、黎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),使(shi)兼(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耳。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)仲(zhong)叔,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌(zhang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)伯(bo)乎(hu)”。若然,《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)伯(bo)禹(yu)(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)司(si)(si)(si)空(kong),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“初(chu),尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)冬(dong)(dong)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)工(gong)(gong)。舜(shun)(shun)(shun)举禹(yu)(yu)治(zhi)水,尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣德(de),必成(cheng)功(gong),故(gu)改(gai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)司(si)(si)(si)空(kong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)宠异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非常官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”至(zhi)(zhi)禹(yu)(yu)登百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,舍(she)司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)共(gong)工(gong)(gong)与虞(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“垂(chui)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)共(gong)工(gong)(gong),益(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)朕虞(yu)(yu)(yu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian)》又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)畴咨,若时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)登庸”,郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)末时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)死(si),庶绩多阙(que)而(er)(er)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)废(fei)。当此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),兜(dou)、共(gong)工(gong)(gong)更相荐举。”下(xia)又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),汤(tang)汤(tang)洪水,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)能俾”,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),主(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。”始羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),主(zhu)(zhu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)伯(bo)。至(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)死(si),分岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)事(shi)(shi)置八(ba)(ba)伯(bo),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)王官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)八(ba)(ba)伯(bo),唯(wei)兜(dou)、共(gong)工(gong)(gong)、放齐、<骨玄(xuan)>四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)人而(er)(er)已(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)人,无(wu)文(wen)可知(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“唐(tang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)稽(ji)古(gu),建官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)惟(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”则(ze)(ze)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),更有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。但(dan)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)初(chu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),至(zhi)(zhi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)试舜(shun)(shun)(shun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)。舜(shun)(shun)(shun)即(ji)真(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)禹(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《尚书传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惟(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祀巡(xun)狩四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)八(ba)(ba)伯(bo)”,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“舜(shun)(shun)(shun)格文(wen)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian),尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),春(chun)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并掌(zhang)方(fang)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),出则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伯(bo)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)後(hou)(hou)稍(shao)死(si),兜(dou)、共(gong)工(gong)(gong)求代(dai),乃(nai)置八(ba)(ba)伯(bo)。”元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),除尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)丧、舜(shun)(shun)(shun)即(ji)真(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)州言(yan)(yan)八(ba)(ba)伯(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据畿外(wai)八(ba)(ba)州。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“畿内(nei)不置伯(bo),乡遂(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。案(an)(an)《明(ming)(ming)堂位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)五(wu)(wu)十(shi),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)后(hou)(hou)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)百(bai)(bai)(bai),殷(yin)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai),周(zhou)(zhou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)盖六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi),夏(xia)(xia)(xia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi),殷(yin)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi),周(zhou)(zhou)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi),不得如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)记也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《昏义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),二(er)(er)十(shi)七大(da)夫,八(ba)(ba)十(shi)一(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)士(shi)(shi)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)盖夏(xia)(xia)(xia)制(zhi)依(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)差限,故(gu)不从(cong)记文(wen)。但(dan)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi),唐(tang)则(ze)(ze)未(wei)(wei)闻。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)道同,或(huo)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi),并属(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)。故(gu)成(cheng)王《周(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唐(tang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)建官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)惟(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,自(zi)(zi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)阳已(yi)前(qian),官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)略言(yan)(yan)於(wu)上(shang),至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)喾官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),略依(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)阳,不可具(ju)(ju)悉。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)唐(tang)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),惟(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)揆(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)与六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),又(you)(you)(you)《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)典(dian)(dian)乐、纳言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)馀(yu)(yu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),未(wei)(wei)闻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)百(bai)(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)十(shi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)、卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、大(da)夫、元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)士(shi)(shi)具(ju)(ju)列其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)。殷(yin)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi),虽未(wei)(wei)具(ju)(ju)显(xian),案(an)(an)《下(xia)曲礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)、五(wu)(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)府(fu)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,郑(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)法”,至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)属(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),亦蔑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)焉。案(an)(an)《昏义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)并三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)孤而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)(you)(you)下(xia)兼(jian)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),故(gu)《书传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、司(si)(si)(si)马公(gong)(gong)(gong)、司(si)(si)(si)空(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)兼(jian)二(er)(er)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。案(an)(an)《顾命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》太保领冢宰,毕公(gong)(gong)(gong)领司(si)(si)(si)马,毛公(gong)(gong)(gong)领司(si)(si)(si)空(kong),别有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)芮伯(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu),彤伯(bo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)伯(bo),卫侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)寇,则(ze)(ze)周(zhou)(zhou)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)兼(jian)一(yi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),与古(gu)异(yi)矣。但(dan)周(zhou)(zhou)监(jian)二(er)(er)代(dai),郁郁乎(hu)文(wen),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)立官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),而(er)(er)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)益(yi)(yi)备(bei)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)即(ji)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)沿(yan)革,粗而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

◎序周礼废兴

周公制礼之日,礼教兴行。後至幽王,礼仪纷乱,故孔子云诸侯专行征伐,“十世希不失”。郑注云:“亦谓幽王之後也。”故晋侯赵简子见仪,皆谓之“礼”,孟僖子又不识其仪也。至於孔子更而定之时,已不具,故《仪礼》注云:“後世衰微,幽厉尤甚,礼乐之书,稍稍废弃。”孔子曰:“吾自卫反於鲁,然後乐正,雅、颂各得其所。”谓当时在者而复重杂乱者也,恶能存其亡者乎?至孔子卒後,复更散乱。故《艺文志》云:“昔仲尼没,微言绝,七十二弟子丧而大义乖。诸子之书,纷然散乱,至秦患之,乃燔灭文章,以愚黔首。”又云:“礼经三百,威仪三千。及周之衰,诸侯将逾法度,恶其周亡,灭去其藉,自孔子时而不具,至秦大坏。汉兴,至高堂生博士传十七篇。孝宣世,后仓最明礼,戴德、戴圣、庆普皆其弟子,三家立于学官。”案《儒林传》:“汉兴,高堂生传《礼》十七篇,而鲁徐生善为容。孝文时,徐生以容为礼官大夫,而瑕丘萧奋以礼至淮阳太守。孟卿,东海人也,事萧奋,以授后仓。后仓说礼数万言,号曰《后氏曲台记》,授戴德、戴圣。”郑云“五传弟子”,则高堂生、萧奋、孟卿、后仓、戴德、戴圣,是为五也。此所传者,谓十七篇,即《仪礼》也。《周官》,孝武之时始出,秘而不传。《周礼》後出者,以其始皇特恶之故也。是以《马融传》云:“秦自孝公已下,用商君之法,其政酷烈,与《周官》相反。故始皇禁挟书,特疾恶,欲绝灭之,搜求焚烧之独悉,是以隐藏百年。孝武帝始除挟书之律,开献书之路,既出於山岩屋壁,复入于秘府,五家之儒莫得见焉。至孝成皇帝,达才通人刘向、子歆,校理秘书,始得列序,著于录略。然亡其《冬官》一篇,以《考工记》足之。时众儒并出共排,以为非是。唯歆独识,其年尚幼,务在广览博观,又多锐精于《春秋》。末年,乃知其周公致太平之迹,迹具在斯。奈遭天下仓卒,兵革并起,疾疫丧荒,弟子死丧。徒有里人河南缑氏杜子春尚在,永平之初,年且九十,家于南山,能通其读,颇识其说,郑众、贾逵往受业焉。众、逵洪雅博闻,又以经书记传相证明为《解》,逵《解》行於世,众《解》不行。兼揽二家,为备多所遗阙。然众时所解说,近得其实,独以《书序》言‘成王既黜殷,命还归在丰,作《周官》’,则此《周官》也,失之矣。逵以为六乡大夫,则冢宰以下及六遂,为十五万家,ㄌ千里之地,甚谬焉。此比多多,吾甚闵之久矣。”六乡之人,实居四同地,故云ㄌ千里之地者,误矣。又六乡大夫,冢宰以下,所非者不著。又云“多多”者,如此解不著者多。又云:“至六十,为武都守。郡小少事,乃述平生之志,著《易》、《尚书》、《诗》、《礼》传,皆讫。惟念前业未毕者唯《周官》,年六十有六,目瞑意倦,自力补之,谓之《周官传》也。”案《艺文志》云:“成帝时,以书颇散亡,使谒者陈农求遗书于天下。诏光禄大夫刘向校书经传诸子诗赋。向辄条其篇目,撮其指意,录而奏之。会向卒,哀帝复使向子歆卒父业。歆於是总群书,奏其《七略》,故有《六艺》、《七略》之属。”歆之录,在於哀帝之时,不审马融何云“至孝成皇帝,命刘向、子歆考理秘书,始得列序,著於录略”者。成帝之时,盖刘向父子并被帝命,至向卒,哀帝命歆卒父所者,故今文乖,理则是也。故郑玄序云:“世祖以来,通人达士大中大夫郑少赣,名兴,及子大司农仲师,名众,故议郎卫次仲、侍中贾君景伯、南郡太守马季长,皆作《周礼解诂》。”又云:“玄窃观二三君子之文章,顾省竹帛之浮辞,其所变易,灼然如晦之见明,其所弥缝,奄然如合符复析,斯可谓雅达广揽者也。然犹有参错,同事相违,则就其原文字之声类,考训诂,捃秘逸。谓二郑者,同宗之大儒,明理于典籍,粗识皇祖大经《周官》之义,存古字,发疑正读,亦信多善,徒寡且约,用不显传于世。今赞而辨之,庶成此家世所训也。
  ○其名(ming)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》为(wei)《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)》‘周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)’者,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)也。《书(shu)序》曰(yue)(yue):‘成(cheng)王(wang)既黜殷命(ming)(ming),灭淮夷,还归在丰,作(zuo)(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)》。’是言盖失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。案(an):《尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)·盘庚》、《康诰(gao)》、《说命(ming)(ming)》、《泰誓》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,三篇《序》皆(jie)云(yun)‘某(mou)作(zuo)(zuo)若(ruo)干篇’,今多者不过三千(qian)言。又《书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作(zuo)(zuo),据(ju)时(shi)事为(wei)辞(ci),君臣相诰(gao)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语。作(zuo)(zuo)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)又作(zuo)(zuo)《立政(zheng)》,上下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别,正有(you)(you)一篇。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》乃六篇,文异数(shu)万(wan),终始辞(ci)句,非(fei)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,难以(yi)(yi)属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)有(you)(you)若(ruo)兹,焉得从诸?”又云(yun):“斯(si)道(dao)也,文武所以(yi)(yi)纲纪周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)国(guo),君临天下,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),致隆平龙凤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞。”然则《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》起(qi)於成(cheng)帝刘歆,而(er)成(cheng)于郑(zheng)玄,附离之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者大半。故林孝存(cun)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)武帝知《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)官(guan)》末(mo)世(shi)渎(du)乱不验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),故作(zuo)(zuo)《十论(lun)》、《七难》以(yi)(yi)排弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。何休(xiu)亦以(yi)(yi)为(wei)六国(guo)阴谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)。唯(wei)有(you)(you)郑(zheng)玄遍览群经(jing),知《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》者乃周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)致大平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变,故能答林硕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论(lun)难,使《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》义得条通(tong)。故郑(zheng)氏(shi)传曰(yue)(yue),玄以(yi)(yi)为(wei)“括囊大典,网罗众家(jia)”,是以(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》大行,後王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)“神而(er)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),存(cun)乎(hu)其人”,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也。

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