●卷四
大宗伯之职，掌建邦之天神、人鬼、地示之礼，以佐王建保邦国。（建，立也。立天神地人鬼之礼者，谓祀之，祭之，享之。礼，吉礼是也。保，安也。所以佐王立安邦国者，主谓凶礼、宾礼、军礼、嘉礼也。目吉礼於上，承以立安邦国者，互以相成，明尊鬼神，重人事。
○示(shi)，音，本或作(zuo)，下“神示(shi)”、“地示(shi)”之例皆仿此，下卷亦(yi)然。佐，本或作(zuo)左，音同。享(xiang)，许(xu)丈反，又後不音者同。）
[疏]“大宗”至“邦国”
○释曰：“大宗伯之职”者，以上列其官，此列其职也。云“掌建邦之天神人鬼地示之礼”者，单言邦，据王为言也。云“以佐王建保邦国”者，邦国连言，据诸侯为说也。
○注“建立”至“人事”
○释(shi)曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“立天神地(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)享”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)(jing)先(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)，後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)，郑(zheng)(zheng)则(ze)先(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)，後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)(jing)先(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)，欲见天在(zai)上，地(di)在(zai)下(xia)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)藏(zang)其(qi)间(jian)；郑(zheng)(zheng)後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据下(xia)经(jing)(jing)陈吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)十二，先(xian)地(di)，後(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)，据尊卑(bei)为次(ci)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)事邦(bang)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神示”，则(ze)此亦吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼(li)(li)(li)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“保，安也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)以佐王(wang)立安邦(bang)国者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，主谓凶(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)(li)、宾(bin)礼(li)(li)(li)、军礼(li)(li)(li)、嘉礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)建(jian)保邦(bang)国中有(you)凶(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)(li)已下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：下(xia)文其(qi)次(ci)有(you)五(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)具，此经(jing)(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天神、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)、地(di)示，吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)而已。又邦(bang)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上空云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)建(jian)保，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)建(jian)保中有(you)四礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以郑(zheng)(zheng)即(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“目吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)於上，承以立安邦(bang)国者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，互相(xiang)成”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。互相(xiang)成者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，王(wang)国云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)，亦有(you)凶(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)(li)已下(xia)。邦(bang)国云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四礼(li)(li)(li)，明亦有(you)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)矣(yi)。以其(qi)神非人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)事，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)非神不(bu)福(fu)，故(gu)(gu)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“明尊鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神，重(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。尊鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据王(wang)国特云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)；重(zhong)(zhong)事人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据诸侯特言(yan)凶(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)(li)已下(xia)。各举(ju)一边，欲见五(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)皆重(zhong)(zhong)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)事(shi)邦国之(zhi)(zhi)鬼神示，（事(shi)，谓祀之(zhi)(zhi)，祭之(zhi)(zhi)，享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)。故书“吉(ji)(ji)”或为(wei)(wei)“告”，杜子春(chun)云：“书为(wei)(wei)告礼(li)者，非(fei)是。当为(wei)(wei)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)，书亦多为(wei)(wei)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)。”吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)别十有二。）
[疏]“以吉”至“神示”
○释曰：此已下叙五礼，先以吉礼为上。云“事邦国之鬼神示”者，据诸侯邦国而言者也。以其天子宗伯，若还据天子，则不见邦国；若以天子宗伯而见邦国，则有天子可知，故举邦国以包王国。
○注“事谓”至“有二”
○释(shi)曰：云(yun)“事谓祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)，祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)，享之(zhi)(zhi)”者，还据已下(xia)所(suo)陈先後为次。若然(ran)，经(jing)先云(yun)鬼(gui)，与上下(xia)体例(li)不同(tong)者，欲见逢时(shi)则祭(ji)，事起(qi)无常，故先云(yun)人鬼(gui)也。云(yun)“吉(ji)礼之(zhi)(zhi)别十有(you)二(er)”者，从此下(xia)经(jing)以祀(si)血祭(ji)二(er)经(jing)，天(tian)地(di)各有(you)三享，人鬼(gui)有(you)六，故十二(er)也。
以祀祀昊天上帝，以实柴祀日、月、星、辰，以燎祀司中、司命、<风>师、雨师，（之言烟，周人尚臭，烟，气之臭闻者。，积也。《诗》曰：“或朴，薪之之。”三祀皆积柴实牲体焉，或有玉帛，燔燎而升烟，所以报阳也。郑司农云：“昊天，天也。上帝，玄天也。昊天上帝，乐以《云门》。实柴，实牛柴上也。故书‘实柴’或为‘宾柴’。司中，三能三阶也。司命，文昌宫星。风师，箕也。雨师，毕也。”玄谓昊天上帝，冬至於圜丘所祀天皇大帝。星谓五纬，辰谓日月所会十二次。司中、司命，文昌第五第四星，或曰中能上能也。祀五帝亦用实柴之礼云。
○，音(yin)因，李又音(yin)烟(yan)。，羊九反(fan)，本(ben)亦(yi)作酉，音(yin)同积(ji)也(ye)。燎，良(liang)召反(fan)。<风>，音(yin)风。，薄工反(fan)，一音(yin)房逢反(fan)。或，音(yin)域(yu)。朴，音(yin)卜。能(neng)，他来反(fan)，下同。圜，于权反(fan)。）
[疏]“以”至“雨师”
○释曰：此祀天神之三礼，以尊卑先後为次，谓歆神始也。
○注“之”至“礼云”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)·洛诰》“予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鬯(chang)二(er)卣(you)明”，注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“，芬(fen)芳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。”又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《周(zhou)语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“精(jing)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)并与(yu)(yu)(yu)烟(yan)得(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)？也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)用(yong)(yong)烟(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“臭阳(yang)(yang)(yang)达于(yu)(yu)(yu)墙屋”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)用(yong)(yong)烟(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，正取义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)烟(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)烟(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)臭，烟(yan)，气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭闻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)《礼(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)》》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)殷(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)声，周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)臭。尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)臭者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取烟(yan)气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭闻於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)(zheng)烟(yan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“，积(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘或(huo)朴(po)，薪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雅(ya)·或(huo)朴(po)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，证(zheng)(zheng)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)积(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)皆(jie)(jie)积(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)(sheng)体至焉，或(huo)有(you)玉帛，燔燎而(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)烟(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)等言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)燎，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)烟(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性，至昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)烟(yan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)三(san)(san)(san)(san)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)互(hu)相(xiang)备(bei)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。但(dan)(dan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)积(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)，次实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)(sheng)，後(hou)取烟(yan)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)列(lie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)卑祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)全於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，作文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)或(huo)有(you)玉帛，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)玉帛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《肆(si)师(shi)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“立大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)玉帛牲(sheng)(sheng)，立次祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)币，立小祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)。”彼虽总(zong)据(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)诸神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，今以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二(er)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小次祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肆(si)师(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，烟(yan)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)玉帛牲(sheng)(sheng)三(san)(san)(san)(san)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)玉，唯有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)保燎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)但(dan)(dan)止有(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)(sheng)体焉。据(ju)三(san)(san)(san)(san)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)玉帛，惟(wei)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)帛无(wu)(wu)(wu)玉。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)玉帛於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，或(huo)有(you)或(huo)无(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)或(huo)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“燔燎而(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)烟(yan)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“升(sheng)首(shou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)室以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报(bao)(bao)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)。”彼论(lun)(lun)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首(shou)报(bao)(bao)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)。今天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，烟(yan)气(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)闻，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)报(bao)(bao)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)取特牲(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《孝经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)后稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”《典(dian)瑞(rui)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四(si)(si)圭有(you)邸(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《广雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“乾，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”《易(yi)·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夫玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)黄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)而(er)(er)(er)地(di)黄。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)色玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)盖(gai)依此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异名(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)同(tong)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，同(tong)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)已，似无(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)既无(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)乐(le)分(fen)(fen)(fen)乐(le)而(er)(er)(er)序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，及六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)变俱有(you)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)定取何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)，实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛柴(chai)(chai)(chai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《肆(si)师(shi)职(zhi)》此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)(sheng)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)直据(ju)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，偏据(ju)一(yi)边而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)牛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，宾(bin)(bin)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)破(po)，当(dang)还(hai)从(cong)(cong)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)能三(san)(san)(san)(san)阶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《武(wu)(wu)陵太守星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“三(san)(san)(san)(san)台(tai)(tai)(tai)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尉，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)禄为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)空(kong)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)《星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)曰(yue)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”二(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)俱有(you)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)两载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“风(feng)(feng)师(shi)，箕(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)离(li)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)箕(ji)，风(feng)(feng)扬沙。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)风(feng)(feng)师(shi)箕(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)毕(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)离(li)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)毕(bi)(bi)，俾(bi)滂沱矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)毕(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)《左(zuo)氏传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)气(qi)(qi)，降(jiang)生(sheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)。”五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)味(wei)即(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)风(feng)(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)晦明六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)气(qi)(qi)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)金木水(shui)(shui)火(huo)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)变，阴(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木，风(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土，明为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)，晦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)。若(ruo)从(cong)(cong)妻所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)好言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)《洪范》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)好风(feng)(feng)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)好雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“箕(ji)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好风(feng)(feng)，毕(bi)(bi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土十(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木八(ba)(ba)妻，木八(ba)(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金九(jiu)妻。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)东方(fang)箕(ji)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好风(feng)(feng)，西方(fang)毕(bi)(bi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)北(bei)(bei)官好奥，南(nan)官好，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央四(si)(si)季好寒(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)克(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)妻所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)好之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，冬(dong)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)乐(le)》下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)“凡乐(le)圆锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，“冬(dong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)乐(le)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)变，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)皆(jie)(jie)降(jiang)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)破(po)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纬(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纬(wei)(wei)即(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，东方(fang)岁(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，南(nan)方(fang)荧惑(huo)，西方(fang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白，北(bei)(bei)方(fang)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央镇星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)纬(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)宿(su)随(sui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)转为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)右旋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纬(wei)(wei)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《元命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聚(ju)房(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)备(bei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)初起(qi)(qi)牵牛。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，明是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纬(wei)(wei)。又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)备(bei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；荧惑(huo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；镇星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)八(ba)(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，八(ba)(ba)岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)度(du)(du)，一(yi)岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纬(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)度(du)(du)数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。且(qie)诸文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皆(jie)(jie)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)合(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)·尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“历象(xiang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)”，《洪范》“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纪”亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)合(he)(he)释(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，馀文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)合(he)(he)释(shi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皆(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)纬(wei)(wei)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)别解(jie)(jie)(jie)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)虽据(ju)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)即(ji)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)昭(zhao)七年(nian)《左(zuo)氏传(chuan)》：“晋侯(hou)问(wen)(wen)伯瑕曰(yue)：‘何谓(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)物(wu)？’对曰(yue)：‘岁(sui)、时(shi)(shi)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’公曰(yue)：‘多语(yu)寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)而(er)(er)(er)莫同(tong)，何谓(wei)(wei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)？’对曰(yue)：‘日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。’”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。但(dan)(dan)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，面有(you)七，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)，直谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；若(ruo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)会(hui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)房(fang)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)·胤征(zheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)弗集于(yu)(yu)(yu)房(fang)”，孔(kong)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“房(fang)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)会(hui)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)破(po)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)台(tai)(tai)(tai)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。今案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：三(san)(san)(san)(san)台(tai)(tai)(tai)与(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，何得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。必先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；此(ci)(ci)(ci)经先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，後(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)欲先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)说(shuo)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)引(yin)(yin)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)证(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，後(hou)引(yin)(yin)第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)证(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)倒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《武(wu)(wu)陵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)守星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)曰(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)将，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)曰(yue)次将，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)曰(yue)贵(gui)相(xiang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)曰(yue)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)禄。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本次也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或(huo)曰(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)《武(wu)(wu)陵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)守星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)传(chuan)》而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)(san)(san)(san)台(tai)(tai)(tai)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尉，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)徒(tu)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)台(tai)(tai)(tai)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)禄为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)空(kong)”。引(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，破(po)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·祭(ji)(ji)(ji)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，配(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。”祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)(yu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)(yu)(yu)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服同(tong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)裘，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)牲(sheng)(sheng)同(tong)茧(jian)栗，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)燔柴(chai)(chai)(chai)退与(yu)(yu)(yu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)等者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，礼(li)(li)有(you)损之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)益(yi)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)(ru)社稷服冕，及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，即(ji)在五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斯类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)(wei)·运斗枢(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)座星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”，即(ji)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)(wei)·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耀钩》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春(chun)(chun)起(qi)(qi)青(qing)受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)灵威仰。夏起(qi)(qi)赤受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)赤怒。秋(qiu)(qiu)起(qi)(qi)白受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)白招拒。冬(dong)起(qi)(qi)黑受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)汁光纪。季夏六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)火(huo)受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)含枢(shu)纽(niu)。”又(you)(you)(you)《元命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)庭五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)时(shi)(shi)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)等是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《元命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“紫(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)列(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)极星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)一(yi)常(chang)居(ju)，傍两星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)巨辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)位(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)节(jie)度(du)(du)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紫(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，紫(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)图法，阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)开闭(bi)，皆(jie)(jie)在此(ci)(ci)(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”又(you)(you)(you)《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耀钩》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)(bei)极星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，合(he)(he)元气(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斗布，常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北(bei)(bei)极谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)耀魄宝。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，又(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)一(yi)常(chang)居(ju)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)尊(zun)(zun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)数(shu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)紫(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，得(de)(de)(de)连上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)单(dan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、单(dan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)(de)(de)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)·君(jun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“公曰(yue)：君(jun)，我闻在昔，成汤既受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，时(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)若(ruo)伊尹，格(ge)于(yu)(yu)(yu)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，北(bei)(bei)极大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”又(you)(you)(you)《掌次》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“张毡案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，设皇(huang)邸(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旅上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。《尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“钦若(ruo)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)单(dan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》更无(wu)(wu)(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《季夏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)供皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、耀魄宝、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)单(dan)号(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)得(de)(de)(de)单(dan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)同(tong)；五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)兼称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《异义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)·天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)号(hao)(hao)(hao)》第(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)：“今《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》欧阳(yang)(yang)(yang)说(shuo)曰(yue)：‘钦若(ruo)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，夏曰(yue)苍(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，秋(qiu)(qiu)曰(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，冬(dong)曰(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，总(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。’《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)。《古(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)说(shuo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，各用(yong)(yong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。尊(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)(er)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；元气(qi)(qi)广大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；仁覆{敏(min)心}下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；自上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)监下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)；据(ju)远视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苍(cang)苍(cang)然(ran)(ran)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)苍(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。’谨案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》尧(yao)(yao)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)羲和，钦若(ruo)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，总(zong)敕四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)，知(zhi)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独春(chun)(chun)。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)左(zuo)氏》曰(yue)：‘夏四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)己丑，孔(kong)子(zi)卒(zu)。’称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吊，时(shi)(shi)非(fei)秋(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孔(kong)子(zi)门人(ren)(ren)(ren)作，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)盖(gai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)误矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。春(chun)(chun)气(qi)(qi)博(bo)施(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)广大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；夏气(qi)(qi)高(gao)明，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)远言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；秋(qiu)(qiu)气(qi)(qi)或(huo)杀(sha)或(huo)生(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闵下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；冬(dong)气(qi)(qi)闭(bi)藏(zang)而(er)(er)(er)清察，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)监下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)尊(zun)(zun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)号(hao)(hao)(hao)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)诸称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)已情所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)求(qiu)(qiu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)必正顺於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)。解(jie)(jie)(jie)浩浩昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，求(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)博(bo)施(shi)(shi)；苍(cang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)求(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)明；文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吊，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)求(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)杀(sha)生(sheng)，当(dang)得(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)；上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)同(tong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，求(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)当(dang)顺於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求(qiu)(qiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，犹人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，各从(cong)(cong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)耳(er)。若(ruo)察于(yu)(yu)(yu)时(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)论(lun)(lun)，从(cong)(cong)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)各云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)别，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，论(lun)(lun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)须乃足。此(ci)(ci)(ci)名(ming)(ming)(ming)非(fei)必紫(zi)(zi)微(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正，直是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)逐四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)尊(zun)(zun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)(hao)(hao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，似本正称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)经星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、风(feng)(feng)师(shi)、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)·尧(yao)(yao)典(dian)》：“于(yu)(yu)(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。”但(dan)(dan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)儒各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意说(shuo)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，风(feng)(feng)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《异义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》：“今欧阳(yang)(yang)(yang)、夏侯(hou)说(shuo)：‘六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及地(di)，傍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)，居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央，恍惚(hu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)助，阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)变化(hua)，有(you)益(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’《古(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》说(shuo)：‘六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)，地(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)；地(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，岱山(shan)(shan)、河(he)(he)、海。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)属阴(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，岱为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，河(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)祝海为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)从(cong)(cong)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)地(di)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)地(di)理从(cong)(cong)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。’谨案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)：夏侯(hou)、欧阳(yang)(yang)(yang)说(shuo)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，名(ming)(ming)(ming)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)应。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》‘鲁(lu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)(san)(san)望’，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、河(he)(he)、海、山(shan)(shan)，凡六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。鲁(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，但(dan)(dan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)野星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)望，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)《古(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》说(shuo)同(tong)。”“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《书(shu)(shu)》曰(yue)：‘肆(si)类(lei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，望于(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)，遍于(yu)(yu)(yu)群神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。’此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，望也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，遍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)各异。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)望，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)明矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》曰(yue)：‘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)昊(hao)(hao)(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)燎祀(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、风(feng)(feng)师(shi)、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)。’凡此(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，皆(jie)(jie)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特牲(sheng)(sheng)》曰(yue)：‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，迎长日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兆(zhao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，就(jiu)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)位(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。扫地(di)而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)质也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》曰(yue)：‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)报(bao)(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，配(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。’则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)并祭(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)可知(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，风(feng)(feng)师(shi)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)师(shi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自明矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”《礼(li)(li)论(lun)(lun)》：“王(wang)莽时(shi)(shi)，刘歆、孔(kong)昭(zhao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《易(yi)·震》、《巽》等六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。汉安即(ji)位(wei)，依《虞(yu)书(shu)(shu)》‘于(yu)(yu)(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)’，礼(li)(li)同(tong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)社。至魏明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)时(shi)(shi)，诏令王(wang)肃议(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，取《家语(yu)》宰我问(wen)(wen)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，孔(kong)子(zi)曰(yue)‘所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，埋少(shao)牢於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)昭(zhao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)，相(xiang)近於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)坎坛(tan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)寒(han)暑，王(wang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，夜明祭(ji)(ji)(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，幽祭(ji)(ji)(ji)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，雩(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)旱’。孔(kong)安国注(zhu)(zhu)《尚(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)书(shu)(shu)》与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)同(tong)。张融评从(cong)(cong)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)允。案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令·孟冬(dong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祈来(lai)年(nian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)”，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。”若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)入(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，又(you)(you)(you)入(ru)(ru)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)；其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)入(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)(ru)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)配(pei)(pei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)既尊(zun)(zun)如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)入(ru)(ru)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以血祭祭社稷、五祀、五岳，以沈祭山林、川泽，以辜祭四方百物，（不言祭地，此皆地，祭地可知也。阴祀自血起，贵气臭也。社稷，土之神，有德者配食焉，共工氏之子曰句龙，食於社；有厉山氏之子曰柱，食於稷。汤迁之而祀弃。故书“祀”作“礻┆”，“”为“罢”。郑司农云：“礻┆当为祀，书亦或作祀。五祀，五色之帝於王者宫中，曰五祀。罢辜，披磔牲以祭，若今时磔狗祭以止风。”玄谓此五祀者，五官之神在四郊，四时迎五行之气於四郊，而祭五德之帝，亦食此神焉。少昊氏之子曰重，为句芒，食於木；该为蓐收，食於金；及熙为玄冥，食於水。颛顼氏之子曰黎，为祝融、后土，食於火土。五岳，东曰岱宗，南曰衡山，西曰华山，北曰恒山，中曰嵩高山。不见四窦者，四窦，五岳之匹，或省文。祭山林曰埋，川泽曰沈，顺其性之含藏。，牲胸也。而磔之，谓磔攘及蜡祭。《郊特牲》曰：“八蜡以记四方，四方年不顺成，八蜡不通，以谨民财也。”又曰：“蜡之祭也，主先啬而祭司啬也，祭百种以报啬也。飨农及邮表、禽兽，仁之至义之尽也。”
○，亡皆(jie)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，刘莫拜(bai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。沈，如(ru)字，刘直(zhi)荫反(fan)(fan)(fan)。，孚逼反(fan)(fan)(fan)，一音方麦反(fan)(fan)(fan)。共(gong)，音恭(gong)。句，古(gu)侯反(fan)(fan)(fan)，下(xia)同(tong)。厉(li)，如(ru)字，本或作(zuo)(zuo)烈。礻┆，音祀，又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)祀。罢，如(ru)字，一音芳皮(pi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。磔，张(zhang)格反(fan)(fan)(fan)。食此，音嗣，下(xia)“食宗族”同(tong)。少昊(hao)，诗照反(fan)(fan)(fan)，下(xia)“少昊(hao)”同(tong)。重，直(zhi)龙反(fan)(fan)(fan)。该，古(gu)来反(fan)(fan)(fan)。蓐，音辱(ru)，同(tong)。不见(jian)，贤遍反(fan)(fan)(fan)，此内不音者同(tong)。窦(dou)，音独，本亦作(zuo)(zuo)渎，下(xia)同(tong)。省(sheng)，所景反(fan)(fan)(fan)。磔攘(rang)，如(ru)羊反(fan)(fan)(fan)。蜡，七诈反(fan)(fan)(fan)。种(zhong)，章勇反(fan)(fan)(fan)。邮，有牛反(fan)(fan)(fan)。，音缀，井田间道，左思(si)《吴都赋》云“畛无(wu)数(shu)”，又(you)陟(zhi)劣反(fan)(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“以血”至“百物”
○释曰：此一经言祭地示三等之礼，尊卑之次，亦是歆神始也。云“以血祭祭社稷、五祀、五岳”者，此皆地之次祀，先荐血以歆神，已下二祀不复用血也。
○注“不言”至“尽也”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经对(dui)上经祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)次(ci)(ci)小三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)具。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经虽(sui)(sui)见(jian)三祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)次(ci)(ci)小祀(si)(si)(si)(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)方(fang)泽(ze)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)相(xiang)对(dui)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经方(fang)泽(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)血(xue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)沈(shen)(shen)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辜二(er)(er)(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，三祀(si)(si)(si)(si)具，得与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)对(dui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)阙大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)举(ju)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)示。《鼓人职》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“灵鼓鼓社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)举(ju)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若大(da)(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)泽(ze)，当(dang)用(yong)瘗埋(mai)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)相(xiang)对(dui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阴祀(si)(si)(si)(si)自血(xue)起(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对(dui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳祀(si)(si)(si)(si)自烟起(qi)，贵气(qi)臭同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《孝经纬·援神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)契》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，原隰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可遍敬，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)立(li)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表(biao)名。”《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)配(pei)食焉”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)至(zhi)“而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)弃(qi)”，案(an)(an)(an)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九年传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“共(gong)工(gong)氏(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)句龙，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。”则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)死乃配(pei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)厉山(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柱(zhu)(zhu)，食於(wu)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。汤(tang)(tang)迁(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)弃(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《左(zuo)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“有(you)(you)(you)(you)烈(lie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柱(zhu)(zhu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”案(an)(an)(an)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“厉山(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)农，能(neng)(neng)殖百(bai)。夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，周(zhou)(zhou)弃(qi)继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”若然(ran)(ran)，稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)弃(qi)实在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)汤(tang)(tang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，迁(qian)(qian)柱(zhu)(zhu)由旱(han)，欲(yu)见(jian)旱(han)从(cong)夏(xia)起(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)夏(xia)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《书序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“汤(tang)(tang)既胜夏(xia)，欲(yu)迁(qian)(qian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可，作《夏(xia)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“牺牲(sheng)(sheng)既成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，粢盛既洁，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)旱(han)水(shui)(shui)溢，则(ze)变置社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。当(dang)汤(tang)(tang)代桀(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，旱(han)致灾(zai)，明法(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)荐而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)犹旱(han)，至(zhi)七(qi)年，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)汤(tang)(tang)迁(qian)(qian)柱(zhu)(zhu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)弃(qi)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。欲(yu)迁(qian)(qian)句龙，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)可继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，於(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)止(zhi)(zhi)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旱(han)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)验也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)於(wu)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宫中曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)意(yi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)即(ji)《掌次(ci)(ci)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)，一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)。後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《司(si)服》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，祀(si)(si)(si)(si)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)裘(qiu)，当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)圜丘与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上，今退在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，於(wu)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宫中，失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)矣(yi)。且五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上经阳祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，退在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)阴祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，一(yi)何陋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“罢(ba)辜，披(pi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)先(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)从(cong)古(gu)书，罢(ba)於(wu)义未(wei)可，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)罢(ba)，从(cong)经为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“披(pi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”，仍从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)狗祭(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)举(ju)汉法(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)况辜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。必磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)狗止(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，狗属西(xi)方(fang)金，金制东方(fang)木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)狗止(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)官，死乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，配(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。知(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)即(ji)引《月令》四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日，迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，并季夏(xia)迎(ying)(ying)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)气(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迎(ying)(ying)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)於(wu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)迎(ying)(ying)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)，虽(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)人帝(di)(di)，案(an)(an)(an)《月令》，四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)陈五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)，大(da)(da)(da)昊(hao)、炎帝(di)(di)、黄帝(di)(di)、少(shao)(shao)昊(hao)、颛(zhuan)顼等五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)，并五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)於(wu)上，明知(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月听朔(shuo)及四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)陈，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)及下(xia)(xia)青(qing)圭赤璋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)注(zhu)，皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)迎(ying)(ying)气(qi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并祭(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人帝(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“少(shao)(shao)昊(hao)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)重(zhong)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)，案(an)(an)(an)昭(zhao)(zhao)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九年，魏献子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问蔡墨曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，谁氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)官？”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“少(shao)(shao)氏(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)叔，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)重(zhong)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)该(gai)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)熙，实能(neng)(neng)金木(mu)及水(shui)(shui)。使(shi)重(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)句芒，该(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蓐收(shou)，及熙为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玄(xuan)，冥世不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)职，遂(sui)济(ji)穷桑(sang)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三祀(si)(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颛(zhuan)顼氏(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犁(li)(li)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)，共(gong)工(gong)氏(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)句龙，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)田正(zheng)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)烈(lie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)柱(zhu)(zhu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。赵商问：“《春秋》昭(zhao)(zhao)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九年《左(zuo)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘颛(zhuan)顼氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)犁(li)(li)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)，共(gong)工(gong)氏(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)句龙，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。’其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)(er)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)及四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)犁(li)(li)食后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘共(gong)工(gong)氏(shi)霸九州(zhou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，能(neng)(neng)平(ping)九州(zhou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。’社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)即(ji)句龙。”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“犁(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)，句龙为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。《左(zuo)氏(shi)》下(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)暂作后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，无(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)代者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)，犁(li)(li)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)火土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)俱位南(nan)方(fang)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)犁(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)融(rong)，后(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)食于火土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惟(wei)见(jian)先(xian)(xian)(xian)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)，东曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)岱宗，南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)华(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，北曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)恒山(shan)(shan)(shan)，中曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)东都地(di)(di)(di)(di)中为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)。案(an)(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)乐》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)(si)(si)(si)镇五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)崩”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“华(hua)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豫州(zhou)，岳(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)。”彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)镐京(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)。彼(bi)(bi)必据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)镐京(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)灾(zai)异，若据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)洛邑，则(ze)华(hua)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嵩(song)(song)高(gao)并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)豫州(zhou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)灾(zai)异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》，江河(he)淮济(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)渎，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定(ding)(ding)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周(zhou)(zhou)国(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)，时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)权立(li)吴(wu)岳(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)，非(fei)常法(fa)(fa)(fa)，《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)载；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东都为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)衡(heng)(heng)，案(an)(an)(an)《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)即(ji)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)志》杨州(zhou)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)今在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庐(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，彼(bi)(bi)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冀(ji)州(zhou)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)嵩(song)(song)华(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别(bie)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)窦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)窦，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匹，或省文”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)渎相(xiang)对(dui)若天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)设经省文，惟(wei)见(jian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)，下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)沈(shen)(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)泽(ze)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)歆神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，虽(sui)(sui)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同用(yong)血(xue)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)四(si)(si)(si)(si)渎，山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当(dang)沈(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)雅(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)县(xian)(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或异代法(fa)(fa)(fa)耳。若然(ran)(ran)，县(xian)(xian)既非(fei)周(zhou)(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《校人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡将事(shi)于四(si)(si)(si)(si)海山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，则(ze)饰黄驹”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王巡守过(guo)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)杀驹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈(qi)沈(shen)(shen)，礼(li)(li)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)？”《玉(yu)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巡守，宗祝(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)马(ma)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祈(qi)沈(shen)(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma)，宗祝(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)执勺以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼(bi)(bi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)祈(qi)沈(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祈(qi)沈(shen)(shen)虽(sui)(sui)非(fei)周(zhou)(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，引以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)况义无(wu)嫌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)埋(mai)，川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)泽(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)沈(shen)(shen)，顺其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含藏(zang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经埋(mai)沈(shen)(shen)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)泽(ze)总言(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)析别(bie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)说(shuo)(shuo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)无(wu)水(shui)(shui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)泽(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)沈(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)顺性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含藏(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“，牲(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，无(wu)正(zheng)文，盖(gai)据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)当(dang)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)体者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)从(cong)臆解(jie)析之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)(wei)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)攘及蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)记·月令》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九门磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)攘”，又(you)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月大(da)(da)(da)傩(nuo)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)攘，是(shi)(shi)(shi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)攘去恶气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“及蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)：彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，索(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。岁(sui)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月，合聚万物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)索(suo)享之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月，建亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月，於(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)引《郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特(te)(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)，彼(bi)(bi)据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)行(xing)(xing)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记四(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作祀(si)(si)(si)(si)，作祀(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记四(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记四(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，知(zhi)(zhi)顺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。若年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，则(ze)八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谨(jin)民(min)财(cai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若四(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)年有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺四(si)(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处通祭(ji)(ji)(ji)八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谨(jin)民(min)财(cai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通，明民(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得行(xing)(xing)党(dang)正(zheng)饮酒奢(she)侈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谨(jin)民(min)。谨(jin)民(min)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)谨(jin)节(jie)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)财(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)啬(se)(se)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)司(si)啬(se)(se)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“先(xian)(xian)(xian)啬(se)(se)，若神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)农者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。司(si)啬(se)(se)，后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)百(bai)种(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报啬(se)(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)合聚万物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)索(suo)享之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报收(shou)啬(se)(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)百(bai)种(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报啬(se)(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“享农及邮(you)表(biao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)农谓(wei)(wei)(wei)田，典田大(da)(da)(da)夫。邮(you)表(biao)，，止(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)田督约百(bai)姓於(wu)井间之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)邮(you)行(xing)(xing)往来立(li)表(biao)止(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)止(zhi)(zhi)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处有(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禽(qin)兽，仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，八(ba)(ba)(ba)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)(an)：彼(bi)(bi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)(xian)啬(se)(se)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，司(si)啬(se)(se)二(er)(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，农三也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，邮(you)表(biao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，猫虎五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，坊六也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，水(shui)(shui)庸(yong)七(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，昆虫八(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)猫，虎是(shi)(shi)(shi)禽(qin)兽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仁(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)飨先(xian)(xian)(xian)啬(se)(se)司(si)啬(se)(se)及农，是(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)恩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)。义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)飨猫虎坊与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)庸(yong)邮(you)表(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，是(shi)(shi)(shi)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尽。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磔(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)牲(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以肆献享先王，以馈食享先王，以祠春享先王，以礻龠夏享先王，以尝秋享先王，以冬享先王。（宗庙之祭，有此六享。肆献裸、馈食，在四时之上，则是也，也。肆者，进所解牲体，谓荐孰时也。献，献醴，谓荐血腥也。之言灌，灌以郁鬯，谓始献尸求神时也。《郊特牲》曰：“魂气归于天，形魄归于地，故祭所以求诸阴阳之义也。殷人先求诸阳，周人先求诸阴。”灌是也。祭必先灌，乃後荐腥荐孰。於逆言之者，与下共文，明六享俱然。言肆献，言馈食者，著有黍稷，互相备也。鲁礼，三年丧毕，而於大祖；明年春，於群庙。自尔以後，率五年而再殷祭，一一。
○肆，他历反(fan)(fan)，解骨体。，古乱反(fan)(fan)。礻龠，馀(yu)若反(fan)(fan)。，之(zhi)承反(fan)(fan)。，户夹反(fan)(fan)。率五(wu)，音律(lv)，又音类(lei)。）
[疏]“以肆”至“先王”
○释曰：此一经陈享宗庙之六礼也。此经若细而言之，即有六礼，总而言之，则亦有三等之差。肆献是之大祭，以馈食是之次祭，以春享以下是时祭之小祭。若以总用衮冕大牢言之，此亦皆为大祭也。故《酒正》注云“大祭者，王服大裘衮冕所祭”是也。此六者皆言享者，对天言祀、地言祭，故宗庙言享。享，献也，谓献馔具於鬼神也。
○注“宗庙”至“一”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)享(xiang)(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)吉(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)十(shi)二(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中处其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)六(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肆(si)(si)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)，在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)，则(ze)(ze)文(wen)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)事(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)庙(miao)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？合祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主陈(chen)于(yu)大(da)祖(zu)，未毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主皆(jie)升合食(shi)于(yu)大(da)祖(zu)。”列(lie)昭(zhao)穆(mu)，序父子，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)殷则(ze)(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，周(zhou)则(ze)(ze)秋(qiu)而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。又有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)，则(ze)(ze)各於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)。《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“，大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)总名。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)》：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)圜丘亦曰(yue)。”《大(da)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所自(zi)出(chu)。”谓(wei)(wei)夏正郊天(tian)(tian)(tian)亦曰(yue)，夏殷四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，夏祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦曰(yue)，但(dan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)周(zhou)宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。虽(sui)小(xiao)(xiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，大(da)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肆(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，进(jin)所解牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)体，谓(wei)(wei)荐(jian)(jian)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，荐(jian)(jian)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)当朝践(jian)(jian)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)阎(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)运》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“腥(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)俎，孰(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)ゾ。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孰(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)ゾ，谓(wei)(wei)体解而(er)(er)(er)阎(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盎(ang)齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荐(jian)(jian)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)。但(dan)体解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，必(bi)(bi)肆(si)(si)解以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)体，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)醴，谓(wei)(wei)荐(jian)(jian)血(xue)腥(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)朝践(jian)(jian)节(jie)，当二(er)(er)灌(guan)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，王出(chu)迎(ying)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，祝延尸(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)户，坐(zuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂上，南面。迎(ying)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，豚解而(er)(er)(er)腥(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，荐(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)坐(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)爵(jue)酌(zhuo)醴齐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)，后(hou)亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)爵(jue)酌(zhuo)醴齐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)谓(wei)(wei)荐(jian)(jian)腥(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灌(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，取神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)示(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)从(cong)示(shi)。郑(zheng)转从(cong)灌(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郁鬯(chang)灌(guan)地(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，取浇(jiao)灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)从(cong)水。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“灌(guan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郁鬯(chang)，谓(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡(fan)宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，迎(ying)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)入户，坐(zuo)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)主北(bei)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)，谓(wei)(wei)王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圭瓒酌(zhuo)郁鬯(chang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)，尸(shi)(shi)(shi)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，沥地(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi)，啐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不饮。尸(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)象(xiang)，灌(guan)地(di)(di)(di)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)始(shi)(shi)(shi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，对(dui)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)朝践(jian)(jian)、馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、尸(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)终，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)称始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》曰(yue)魂(hun)气(qi)归于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，形魄(po)归於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吸出(chu)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)魂(hun)，耳目聪(cong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)魄(po)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死魂(hun)气(qi)归於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)，形魄(po)归於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)作乐(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阳(yang)(yang)，灌(guan)地(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)(xian)(xian)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阳(yang)(yang)，周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)(xian)(xian)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)代(dai)自(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui)，殷人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)(xian)(xian)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阳(yang)(yang)，谓(wei)(wei)未灌(guan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)合乐(le)。周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)先(xian)(xian)(xian)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，谓(wei)(wei)未合乐(le)先(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)求(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)灌(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)(bi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)乃後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)荐(jian)(jian)腥(xing)荐(jian)(jian)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)逆言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，与(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)共文(wen)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)六(liu)(liu)享(xiang)(xiang)俱(ju)然(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如向(xiang)所说，具(ju)先(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)讫(qi)，王始(shi)(shi)(shi)迎(ying)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，次(ci)腥(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)俎；腥(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)俎讫(qi)，乃阎(yan)；阎(yan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)讫(qi)，始(shi)(shi)(shi)迎(ying)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)入室，乃有(you)(you)(you)黍(shu)(shu)稷，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)顺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)先(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)肆(si)(si)，肆(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)馈(kui)(kui)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)节(jie)；次(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)朝践(jian)(jian)节(jie)；後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灌(guan)，灌(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最在(zai)(zai)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)逆言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“与(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)共文(wen)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)六(liu)(liu)享(xiang)(xiang)俱(ju)然(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，既从(cong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)向(xiang)上为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)，即於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)五(wu)(wu)享(xiang)(xiang)与(yu)(yu)上祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)灌(guan)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肆(si)(si)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)事(shi)矣(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)(liu)享(xiang)(xiang)俱(ju)然(ran)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)肆(si)(si)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，著(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)黍(shu)(shu)稷，互(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)备(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)肆(si)(si)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)灌(guan)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)亦有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)，食(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黍(shu)(shu)稷，则(ze)(ze)亦有(you)(you)(you)黍(shu)(shu)稷矣(yi)。著(zhu)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)黍(shu)(shu)稷互(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)备(bei)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)(bi)而(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)祖(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)衰(shuai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)废，无文(wen)可(ke)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)左氏传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》尽(jin)在(zai)(zai)鲁”，即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。今言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鲁礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，指《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)(bi)而(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)祖(zu)，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)八(ba)(ba)月(yue)，大(da)事(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)庙(miao)，跻僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)(xi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨，至文(wen)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)八(ba)(ba)月(yue)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)虽(sui)少四(si)(si)月(yue)，犹是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)(bi)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)(bi)而(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)祖(zu)。大(da)祖(zu)谓(wei)(wei)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)庙(miao)，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)庙(miao)中而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群庙(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)虽(sui)无正文(wen)，约僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。案：僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)及宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)，则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦有(you)(you)(you)。僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)既为(wei)(wei)(wei)，则(ze)(ze)明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)，四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，更加七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)添前为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)僖(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)明(ming)(ming)(ming)矣(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)尔以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)再殷祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传》文(wen)。殷，大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。除(chu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)，从(cong)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)添前为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再殷祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)谶》文(wen)。谓(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见肆(si)(si)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及馈(kui)(kui)食(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)，从(cong)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang)毕(bi)(bi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。从(cong)祀(si)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)至此(ci)(ci)(ci)吉(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)十(shi)二(er)(er)，皆(jie)歆(xin)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)始(shi)(shi)(shi)。何者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？案《大(da)司乐(le)》分(fen)乐(le)而(er)(er)(er)序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乃奏(zou)黄锺，歌(ge)大(da)吕，舞《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)复云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“圜锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)宫，若(ruo)乐(le)六(liu)(liu)变，天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)皆(jie)降(jiang)；若(ruo)乐(le)八(ba)(ba)变，地(di)(di)(di)示(shi)皆(jie)出(chu)；若(ruo)乐(le)九变，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)可(ke)得而(er)(er)(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)则(ze)(ze)主北(bei)辰(chen)，地(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)主昆仑(lun)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)则(ze)(ze)主后(hou)稷。先(xian)(xian)(xian)奏(zou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)而(er)(er)(er)焉。”彼(bi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)奏(zou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，则(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)、地(di)(di)(di)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)”，据天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)；“而(er)(er)(er)焉”，据宗(zong)庙(miao)。则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)上下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)烟，地(di)(di)(di)示(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)血(xue)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)宗(zong)庙(miao)六(liu)(liu)享(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)庙(miao)皆(jie)乐(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)始(shi)(shi)(shi)，烟血(xue)与(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)歆(xin)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又案《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器》与(yu)(yu)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)》皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“郊血(xue)大(da)享(xiang)(xiang)腥(xing)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)阎(yan)，一(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)荐(jian)(jian)馔(zhuan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郊是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用血(xue)，大(da)享(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)(xian)王而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用腥(xing)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社稷而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用阎(yan)，一(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群小(xiao)(xiao)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)用孰(shu)(shu)(shu)与(yu)(yu)？此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)，彼(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，後(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)荐(jian)(jian)馔(zhuan)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郊言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)血(xue)，大(da)享(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)腥(xing)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阎(yan)，一(yi)(yi)献(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)孰(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以凶礼哀邦国之(zhi)忧(you)，（哀谓救患分灾。凶礼之(zhi)别有五。）
[疏]“以凶”至“之忧”
○释曰：此凶礼之目也。邦国者，亦如吉礼，举外以包内之义。凡言“哀”者，皆谓被凶灾，从後以物哀之也。
○注“哀谓”至“有五”
○释曰：云“哀(ai)谓(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)分(fen)灾(zai)”者(zhe)，此据(ju)《左氏》僖元年夏六(liu)月，邢(xing)(xing)迁于夷仪，诸侯(hou)(hou)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)。凡侯(hou)(hou)伯救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)分(fen)灾(zai)讨罪(zui)(zui)，礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，证哀(ai)者(zhe)从後往哀(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。言救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)分(fen)灾(zai)讨罪(zui)(zui)者(zhe)，救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)即邢(xing)(xing)有(you)不安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)(huan)(huan)，诸侯(hou)(hou)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是救(jiu)(jiu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)。分(fen)灾(zai)，谓(wei)若(ruo)宋(song)灾(zai)，诸侯(hou)(hou)会於澶渊，谋(mou)归宋(song)财，是分(fen)灾(zai)也(ye)(ye)。讨罪(zui)(zui)，谓(wei)诸侯(hou)(hou)无故相(xiang)伐(fa)，是罪(zui)(zui)人也(ye)(ye)，霸者(zhe)会诸侯(hou)(hou)共讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是讨罪(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)。三(san)者(zhe)皆是相(xiang)哀(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，故并代引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
以丧礼哀死亡，（哀谓亲者服焉，疏者含衤遂。
○含，户暗(an)反(fan)，本亦作(zuo)。衤遂，音遂。）
[疏]注“哀谓”至“含衤遂”
○释曰：诸(zhu)(zhu)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亡(wang)”者(zhe)，多(duo)是逃亡(wang)，此经(jing)郑(zheng)不解亡(wang)，则亡(wang)与丧为一，以其逃亡(wang)无(wu)(wu)可哀(ai)故也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“哀(ai)谓亲(qin)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)焉(yan)”者(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)上文云(yun)(yun)(yun)“哀(ai)邦国之忧”，则此亦据(ju)(ju)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)邦国之内(nei)而言。但天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)绝傍期(qi)，傍期(qi)已下(xia)无(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)。若始封之君(jun)不臣诸(zhu)(zhu)父昆(kun)弟，亦有(you)服(fu)(fu)。今郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)亲(qin)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)焉(yan)疏者(zhe)含(han)衤遂(sui)者(zhe)，郑(zheng)广(guang)解哀(ai)义(yi)，不专(zhuan)据(ju)(ju)天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之身(shen)也(ye)(ye)。案《士丧礼》“亲(qin)者(zhe)不将(jiang)命”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)功(gong)已上，有(you)同财之义(yi)，无(wu)(wu)归含(han)法。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)亲(qin)者(zhe)服(fu)(fu)焉(yan)，据(ju)(ju)大(da)功(gong)，亲(qin)以上直有(you)服(fu)(fu)，无(wu)(wu)含(han)法；若小功(gong)以下(xia)有(you)含(han)并有(you)服(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。若然，此据(ju)(ju)大(da)夫已下(xia)而说。天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)虽无(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)，其含(han)衤遂(sui)则有(you)之。故《春(chun)秋》“王使(shi)荣叔归含(han)且”，《士丧礼》“君(jun)使(shi)人衤遂(sui)”，明天(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)於臣子皆(jie)有(you)含(han)衤遂(sui)也(ye)(ye)。
以荒礼哀凶札，（荒，人物有害也。《曲礼》曰：“岁凶，年不登，君膳不祭肺，马不食，驰道不除，祭事不县，大夫不食粱，士饮酒不乐。”札读为截，截谓疫厉。
○札(zha)，如(ru)字，又音截。县，音玄。）
[疏]注“荒人”至“疫厉”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)“荒，人物有(you)害(hai)”者(zhe)，经云(yun)“荒”以为(wei)目，下云(yun)“凶(xiong)札(zha)(zha)”，则(ze)荒中(zhong)有(you)凶(xiong)，是(shi)物有(you)害(hai)；荒中(zhong)兼有(you)札(zha)(zha)，是(shi)人有(you)害(hai)。案《司服(fu)》云(yun)：“大札(zha)(zha)大荒则(ze)素服(fu)。”注云(yun)“札(zha)(zha)，疫(yi)病。荒，饥馑”者(zhe)，彼不(bu)(bu)以荒为(wei)目，以荒替凶(xiong)处，故(gu)彼注荒为(wei)饥馑，不(bu)(bu)为(wei)物有(you)害(hai)也(ye)(ye)。“《曲礼》曰(yue)”以下，案彼注“不(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)肺，则(ze)不(bu)(bu)杀(sha)也(ye)(ye)。驰道不(bu)(bu)除，为(wei)妨民(min)取(qu)蔬食也(ye)(ye)”，皆自贬损。若然，君言(yan)不(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji)肺，马不(bu)(bu)食，祭(ji)(ji)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)县，则(ze)大夫士(shi)亦(yi)然。大夫言(yan)不(bu)(bu)食粱，粱加，士(shi)饮酒(jiu)不(bu)(bu)乐(le)，则(ze)人君曰(yue)食黍稷稻(dao)粱亦(yi)贬，於饮酒(jiu)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)乐(le)，君臣(chen)互见为(wei)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“札(zha)(zha)读为(wei)截(jie)，截(jie)谓疫(yi)厉(li)”者(zhe)，郑读从截(jie)绝之义(yi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《春秋》有(you)天昏札(zha)(zha)瘥，是(shi)厉(li)鬼为(wei)疫(yi)病之事(shi)，故(gu)云(yun)谓疫(yi)厉(li)也(ye)(ye)。
以吊礼哀祸灾，（祸玄谓遭水火。宋大水，鲁庄公使人吊焉，曰：天作淫雨，害於粢盛，如何不吊。厩焚，孔子拜乡人，为火来者拜之，士一，大夫再，亦相吊之道。
○为火，于(yu)伪反，下“荀偃为”同。）
[疏]注“祸灾”至“之道”
○释(shi)曰：“祸(huo)玄谓遭水(shui)(shui)火(huo)”，郑知义然者，以上(shang)下文验(yan)之，此祸(huo)灾当水(shui)(shui)火(huo)，故引水(shui)(shui)火(huo)二事(shi)为证也。案庄(zhuang)十(shi)一年秋，宋(song)大水(shui)(shui)，鲁(lu)人使(shi)吊(diao)之。传(chuan)例，雨三日已上(shang)为淫。“厩(jiu)焚，孔子拜乡人为火(huo)来者”，事(shi)见《礼记·杂记》。云“亦相(xiang)吊(diao)之道(dao)”者，谓亦如(ru)鲁(lu)庄(zhuang)公(gong)吊(diao)宋(song)事(shi)也。
以礻会礼哀围败，（同盟者合会财货，以更其所丧。《春秋》襄三十年冬，会于澶渊，宋灾故，是其类。
○礻会(hui)，刘户外反，徐古外反。更，音庚，下同(tong)。丧(sang)，息浪反。澶(chan)，善(shan)然反。）
[疏]注“同盟”至“其类”
○释曰(yue)：此经本(ben)不(bu)定(ding)。若(ruo)马融以为“国败(bai)”，正本(ben)多为“围败(bai)”，谓(wei)其(qi)国见围，入而(er)(er)国被祸败(bai)，丧失财(cai)物，则(ze)同盟之国会(hui)合(he)(he)财(cai)货归(gui)之，以更其(qi)所(suo)丧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必知礻(shi)会(hui)是(shi)(shi)会(hui)合(he)(he)财(cai)货，非会(hui)诸侯之兵救之者，若(ruo)会(hui)合(he)(he)兵，当在军礼之中，故(gu)(gu)知此礻(shi)会(hui)是(shi)(shi)会(hui)合(he)(he)财(cai)货以济之也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《大(da)行人(ren)(ren)》云“致礻(shi)会(hui)以补诸侯之灾”，《小行人(ren)(ren)》亦云“若(ruo)国师役，则(ze)命(ming)犒礻(shi)会(hui)之”，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)有财(cai)货相补之验，故(gu)(gu)引(yin)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》澶渊(yuan)之会(hui)为证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《左(zuo)氏(shi)传》：“为宋(song)(song)灾，诸侯之大(da)夫谋归(gui)宋(song)(song)财(cai)，是(shi)(shi)以冬十月，叔孙豹会(hui)晋赵武、齐公孙虿、宋(song)(song)向戍、卫北宫佗(tuo)、郑(zheng)罕虎，及小邾(zhu)之大(da)夫，会(hui)于澶渊(yuan)，既而(er)(er)无归(gui)于宋(song)(song)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)书(shu)其(qi)人(ren)(ren)。君子曰(yue)：‘信(xin)其(qi)不(bu)可不(bu)慎。’澶渊(yuan)之会(hui)，卿不(bu)书(shu)，不(bu)信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)云“书(shu)曰(yue)某人(ren)(ren)某人(ren)(ren)，尢之也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。若(ruo)然，既而(er)(er)无归(gui)宋(song)(song)财(cai)。引(yin)者，此取本(ben)谋归(gui)宋(song)(song)财(cai)一(yi)边，义无嫌也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以恤(xu)礼哀寇(kou)乱，（恤(xu)，忧(you)也(ye)。邻国相忧(you)。兵作於外为(wei)寇(kou)，作於内(nei)为(wei)乱。）
[疏]注“恤忧”至“为乱”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)“邻国(guo)相忧”者(zhe)(zhe)，亦上云(yun)(yun)(yun)哀邦国(guo)之(zhi)忧，据诸侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说，故(gu)郑以(yi)邻国(guo)解之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵作於(wu)外(wai)(wai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寇，作於(wu)内(nei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乱”者(zhe)(zhe)，案：文(wen)公七年(nian)，鲁惠伯云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“兵作於(wu)内(nei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乱，於(wu)外(wai)(wai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寇。”又成(cheng)公十七年(nian)，长鱼矫(jiao)曰(yue)：“臣闻乱在(zai)外(wai)(wai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奸，在(zai)内(nei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轨。御奸以(yi)德，御轨以(yi)刑。”据此文(wen)既(ji)言寇乱，当据惠伯之(zhi)言为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义也(ye)。而云(yun)(yun)(yun)哀之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，既(ji)不损财物，当遣使往谘问安不而已。
以(yi)宾(bin)礼亲(qin)邦国。（亲(qin)，谓使之(zhi)相亲(qin)附。宾(bin)礼之(zhi)别有八。）
[疏]注“亲谓”至“有八”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：经既云“亲邦国”，故郑还以(yi)使诸侯相(xiang)亲附解(jie)之(zhi)，即下文相(xiang)朝(chao)聘之(zhi)义(yi)是也。“宾礼之(zhi)别(bie)有(you)八”者(zhe)，即下文八者(zhe)皆以(yi)“曰(yue)”间之(zhi)者(zhe)是也。
春见曰朝，夏见曰宗，秋见曰觐，冬见曰遇，时见曰会，殷见曰同。（此六礼者，以诸侯见王为文。六服之内，四方以时分来，或朝春，或宗夏，或觐秋，或遇冬，名殊礼异，更递而彳扁。朝犹朝也，欲其来之早。宗，尊也，欲其尊王。觐之言勤也，欲其勤王之事。遇，偶也，欲其若不期而俱至。时见者，言无常期，诸侯有不顺服者，王将有征讨之事，则既朝觐，王为坛於国外，合诸侯而命事焉。《春秋传》曰“有事而会，不协而盟”是也。殷犹众也。十二岁王如不巡守，则六服尽朝，朝礼既毕，王亦为坛，合诸侯以命政焉。所命之政，如王巡守。殷见，四方四时分来，终岁则彳扁。
○曰朝，直(zhi)遥(yao)反(fan)，注(zhu)下不出者，皆同(tong)。递，音弟(di)。彳扁，音遍(bian)，下同(tong)。犹(you)朝，张遥(yao)反(fan)。）
[疏]注“此六”至“则彳扁”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)(jian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案：此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经文(wen)(wen)(wen)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)见(jian)(jian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下於(wu)(wu)(wu)上称(cheng)见(jian)(jian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)(jian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《秋(qiu)(qiu)官·大(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)下见(jian)(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)见(jian)(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)”。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相对，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。以彼是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)见(jian)(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)图天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，以比邦国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)见(jian)(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)依四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)以时(shi)分来(lai)(lai)(lai)，或(huo)(huo)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)春(chun)，或(huo)(huo)宗夏，或(huo)(huo)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)秋(qiu)(qiu)，或(huo)(huo)遇冬”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓要服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)以内侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)甸男采(cai)卫(wei)要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)分来(lai)(lai)(lai)，春(chun)，东(dong)方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)当朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)；夏，南方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)当宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)宗；秋(qiu)(qiu)，西方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)当觐(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)，尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)；冬，北(bei)方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)当遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)遇。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)春(chun)，或(huo)(huo)宗夏，或(huo)(huo)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)秋(qiu)(qiu)，或(huo)(huo)遇冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲其(qi)(qi)来(lai)(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早。宗，尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲其(qi)(qi)尊(zun)(zun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。觐(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)勤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲其(qi)(qi)勤王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。遇，偶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，欲其(qi)(qi)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)期(qi)而(er)俱至”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)解其(qi)(qi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)来(lai)(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，岂有(you)(you)别意乎？明各举一(yi)(yi)边，互见(jian)(jian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)见(jian)(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)无(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)(fei)谓时(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)月(yue)，直是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)至之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)时(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)无(wu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺(shun)(shun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)将(jiang)有(you)(you)征讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺(shun)(shun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，明知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)征讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)(ze)(ze)既朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国外，合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)而(er)命事(shi)(shi)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《司仪》及(ji)《觐(jin)(jin)(jin)礼(li)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓命以征讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，即《大(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)会(hui)以发四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁”，禁是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)传》曰(yue)：有(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)而(er)会(hui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协(xie)而(er)盟(meng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)昭三年(nian)(nian)，郑(zheng)子(zi)太叔曰(yue)：“文(wen)(wen)(wen)襄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霸也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)务不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)烦(fan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，令诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)而(er)聘，五(wu)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)而(er)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，有(you)(you)事(shi)(shi)而(er)会(hui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)协(xie)而(er)盟(meng)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)时(shi)会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)霸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)会(hui)盟(meng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，非(fei)(fei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)法。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)一(yi)(yi)边证(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)会(hui)盟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)同(tong)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，当诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺(shun)(shun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，其(qi)(qi)顺(shun)(shun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)来(lai)(lai)(lai)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，一(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)显其(qi)(qi)顺(shun)(shun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，二(er)则(ze)(ze)(ze)欲助天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)征讨(tao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)来(lai)(lai)(lai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须(xu)行(xing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国中(zhong)，直坛(tan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)而(er)已；其(qi)(qi)当朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国中(zhong)。春(chun)夏行(xing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宗於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，受享於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙，秋(qiu)(qiu)冬则(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国外”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)犹众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。十二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)如不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尽(jin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)礼(li)既毕(bi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)，合(he)(he)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)以命政焉”。郑(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)十二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《大(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“十二(er)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乃巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)殷(yin)国。”若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)无(wu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)，《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》及(ji)《尚(shang)书》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)同(tong)”，及(ji)《大(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)殷(yin)国是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)殷(yin)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)众皆(jie)(jie)(jie)同(tong)来(lai)(lai)(lai)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)殷(yin)国者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，众来(lai)(lai)(lai)见(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)国。其(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国外者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《觐(jin)(jin)(jin)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫，方(fang)(fang)三百步，四(si)(si)(si)门，坛(tan)十有(you)(you)二(er)寻，深四(si)(si)(si)尺，加方(fang)(fang)明于(yu)其(qi)(qi)上。”郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)，受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓时(shi)会(hui)殷(yin)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”明知(zhi)(zhi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)，亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坛(tan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)国外，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)至方(fang)(fang)岳(yue)然(ran)(ran)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，如王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)命政，则(ze)(ze)(ze)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“命典礼(li)，考礼(li)命，市纳(na)价”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。又《尚(shang)书》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)二(er)月(yue)，东(dong)巡(xun)(xun)守(shou)”已下修(xiu)五(wu)礼(li)、五(wu)玉(yu)，及(ji)协(xie)时(shi)月(yue)正日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)，四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)分来(lai)(lai)(lai)，终岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)彳扁(bian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)数来(lai)(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)当朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。《大(da)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，甸服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，男服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，采(cai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，卫(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，要服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，各随其(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)而(er)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)殷(yin)见(jian)(jian)曰(yue)同(tong)，春(chun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)东(dong)方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，夏则(ze)(ze)(ze)南方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，秋(qiu)(qiu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)西方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，冬则(ze)(ze)(ze)北(bei)方(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)尽(jin)来(lai)(lai)(lai)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)分来(lai)(lai)(lai)，终岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)彳扁(bian)矣(yi)。
时聘曰问，殷┹曰视。（时聘者，亦无常期，天子有事乃聘之焉。竟外之臣，既非朝岁，不敢渎为小礼。殷┹，谓一服朝之岁，以朝者少，诸侯乃使卿以大礼众聘焉。一服朝在元年、七年、十一年。
○┹，他吊反，一(yi)音他尧反。竟，音境。）
[疏]注“时聘”至“一年”
○释曰(yue)：此(ci)二(er)经者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)遣(qian)(qian)臣(chen)聘(pin)问(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)时(shi)(shi)聘(pin)是(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)常期者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其与(yu)上文时(shi)(shi)见同言时(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)时(shi)(shi)聘(pin)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)常期也。云(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)事(shi)乃(nai)聘(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上时(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)当方诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顺服(fu)(fu)，其顺服(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，当方尽(jin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)遣(qian)(qian)臣(chen)来(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，其馀三方诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)来(lai)(lai)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)闻(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)征伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，则(ze)(ze)遣(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)来(lai)(lai)问(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，故云(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)事(shi)乃(nai)聘(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)。云(yun)“竟(jing)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，既(ji)非朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)岁，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢渎(du)为(wei)小礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，渎(du)，数也。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢数遣(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)聘(pin)问(wen)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)故有(you)事(shi)乃(nai)遣(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)问(wen)也。必(bi)知(zhi)时(shi)(shi)聘(pin)遣(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其经称(cheng)“问(wen)”。案《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)》“小聘(pin)曰(yue)问(wen)，使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”。此(ci)经云(yun)“曰(yue)问(wen)”，明使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也。云(yun)“殷(yin)(yin)┹谓(wei)一服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁，以(yi)(yi)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其周(zhou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，依《大(da)(da)行人(ren)》诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)数来(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，则(ze)(ze)有(you)一服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，明使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)来(lai)(lai)聘(pin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，故称(cheng)殷(yin)(yin)。殷(yin)(yin)，众也，若殷(yin)(yin)见然。云(yun)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少，卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)来(lai)(lai)则(ze)(ze)众也。云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)乃(nai)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)众聘(pin)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)》大(da)(da)聘(pin)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，此(ci)既(ji)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)代己来(lai)(lai)，明不(bu)(bu)(bu)得使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)，故知(zhi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)众聘(pin)焉(yan)。使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)为(wei)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)，对使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)小礼(li)(li)也。云(yun)“一服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)约《大(da)(da)行人(ren)》要(yao)(yao)服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)数来(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，一服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)当此(ci)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。以(yi)(yi)其侯(hou)(hou)(hou)服(fu)(fu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。甸服(fu)(fu)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)从(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巡守(shou)(shou)(shou)，是(shi)(shi)甸服(fu)(fu)於元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)殷(yin)(yin)┹也。男服(fu)(fu)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)从(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巡守(shou)(shou)(shou)，於元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)聘(pin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。采服(fu)(fu)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)从(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巡守(shou)(shou)(shou)，则(ze)(ze)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)聘(pin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。卫服(fu)(fu)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，则(ze)(ze)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)聘(pin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。要(yao)(yao)服(fu)(fu)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)从(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)巡守(shou)(shou)(shou)，则(ze)(ze)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)亦(yi)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)礼(li)(li)聘(pin)也。故知(zhi)一服(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)在元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、七(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)也。
以军礼同邦国。（同，谓威其不协僭差者。军礼之别有五。
○僭，于念反，沈创林(lin)反。差，初佳反，沈初宜反。）
[疏]注“同谓”至“有五”
○释(shi)曰：既云“同邦国”，则使诸(zhu)侯邦国和同，故郑云“同谓威其不协僭差者”，使之和协不僭差。僭差，谓若《礼记·郊特(te)牲》云“宫县、白牡、朱干、设”之类，皆是诸(zhu)侯之僭礼也(ye)。
大师之(zhi)礼，用(yong)众也(ye)；（用(yong)其义勇(yong)。）
[疏]注“用其义勇”
○释曰：云“大(da)(da)师(shi)”者，谓天子(zi)六军(jun)，诸侯大(da)(da)国三军(jun)，次国二军(jun)，小国一军(jun)。出征之法用众。郑(zheng)云“用其义勇”者，《论语》云：“见(jian)义不(bu)(bu)为，无勇也(ye)。”见(jian)义，谓见(jian)君有危难，当致身授命以救君，是见(jian)义而(er)为，故勇义兼(jian)言。若(ruo)朋友推刃(ren)，是不(bu)(bu)义而(er)勇。
大(da)均(jun)之礼，恤众也；（均(jun)其(qi)地(di)(di)政、地(di)(di)守、地(di)(di)职(zhi)之赋，所(suo)以忧民。）
[疏]注“均其”至“忧民”
○释(shi)曰：此(ci)大均亦(yi)据邦(bang)国(guo)遍(bian)天下皆(jie)均之(zhi)(zhi)，故云大均。不(bu)(bu)患(huan)贫而(er)患(huan)不(bu)(bu)均，不(bu)(bu)均则民患(huan)，故大均之(zhi)(zhi)礼，所以忧(you)恤其众也。郑约《地(di)(di)官(guan)·均人》云“掌均地(di)(di)政，均地(di)(di)守(shou)，均地(di)(di)职”。彼(bi)注云：“政读为(wei)征，地(di)(di)征谓(wei)地(di)(di)守(shou)、地(di)(di)职之(zhi)(zhi)税(shui)也。地(di)(di)守(shou)，衡虞之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。地(di)(di)职，农圃(pu)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。”若然，地(di)(di)征者，与下地(di)(di)守(shou)、地(di)(di)职为(wei)目也。此(ci)云“之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)”，即彼(bi)注“之(zhi)(zhi)税(shui)”，一(yi)也。此(ci)大均必在军(jun)礼者，谓(wei)诸侯(hou)赋(fu)税(shui)不(bu)(bu)均者，皆(jie)是诸侯(hou)僭滥无道，致(zhi)有不(bu)(bu)均之(zhi)(zhi)事，当合众以均之(zhi)(zhi)，故在军(jun)礼也。
大田之礼，简众也；（古者因田习兵，阅其车徒之数。
○阅，音悦。）
[疏]注“古者”至“之数”
○释曰：此谓(wei)天(tian)子诸侯亲(qin)自四时(shi)田(tian)猎。简，阅(yue)也，谓(wei)阅(yue)其(qi)车徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)数也。云“古者(zhe)因田(tian)习兵(bing)”者(zhe)，案《书传》云：“战者(zhe)，男(nan)子之(zhi)(zhi)事，因狩以(yi)阅(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)。”阅(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)串之(zhi)(zhi)。《大司马》田(tian)法引《论语(yu)》“不(bu)教民战，是谓(wei)弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)”，以(yi)证因田(tian)猎为习兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)事。云“阅(yue)其(qi)车徒(tu)”者(zhe)，田(tian)猎之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，有车徒(tu)旗鼓甲兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)事，故云阅(yue)其(qi)车徒(tu)也。
大役之礼，任(ren)众也；（筑宫(gong)邑，所以事(shi)民(min)力强弱。）
[疏]注“筑宫”至“强弱”
○释曰：郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)有筑宫邑者，《诗》云“筑室百(bai)堵(du)，西南其(qi)户(hu)”，是筑宫也(ye)。《诗》又云“筑城伊匹”，是筑邑也(ye)。其(qi)灵台、堤防之(zhi)(zhi)等，皆役民力(li)，郑(zheng)(zheng)略之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云“事民力(li)强弱”者，《论语》云“为(wei)力(li)不同科”，是事民力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)强弱也(ye)。
大封之礼，合众也。（正封疆沟涂之固，所以合聚其民。
○疆，居良反。）
[疏]注“正封”至“其民”
○释曰：知大(da)封(feng)(feng)为(wei)正(zheng)封(feng)(feng)疆(jiang)者(zhe)，谓若诸侯相侵境界，民则(ze)随地迁(qian)移者(zhe)，其民庶不(bu)得合(he)聚(ju)，今以兵而正(zheng)之，则(ze)其民合(he)聚(ju)，故(gu)云“大(da)封(feng)(feng)之礼，合(he)众也”。郑兼言沟涂(tu)者(zhe)，古(gu)境界皆有沟涂(tu)，而树之以为(wei)阻固，则(ze)《封(feng)(feng)人》云“为(wei)畿(ji)封(feng)(feng)而树之”者(zhe)是也。
以嘉(jia)礼亲万民。（嘉(jia)，善也。所(suo)(suo)以因人心所(suo)(suo)善者而为之(zhi)制。嘉(jia)礼之(zhi)别有(you)六。）
[疏]“以嘉礼亲万民”
○释曰：馀四礼皆云“邦国”，独此云“万民”者，馀四礼万人所行者少，故举邦国而言；此嘉礼六者，万民所行者多，故举万人，其实上下通也。
○注“嘉善”至“有六”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)以因人心所(suo)(suo)善者(zhe)(zhe)而为之制”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《礼运》云(yun)(yun)：“饮食男(nan)女(nv)，人之大欲存焉。”此嘉(jia)礼有饮食男(nan)女(nv)之等，皆(jie)是人心所(suo)(suo)善者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)设礼节(jie)以裁制之，即下经(jing)所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是也(ye)。
以饮食之礼，亲宗族兄弟；（亲者，使之相亲。人君有食宗族饮酒之礼，所以亲之也。《文王世子》曰：“族食，世降一等。”《大传》曰：“系之以姓而弗别，缀之以食而弗殊，百世而昏姻不通者，周道然也。”
○不别，彼列反。）
[疏]“以饮”至“兄弟”
○释曰：此经云“饮食”，亦尊卑通有。下文别有飨燕，则经云饮者，非飨燕，是私饮酒法，其食可以通燕食俱有。以其下不别云食故也。
○注“亲者”至“然也”
○释曰：言“使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)”者(zhe)，止(zhi)谓(wei)与(yu)族(zu)人(ren)行(xing)饮食，即是相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“人(ren)君(jun)有食宗族(zu)饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，所以亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，谓(wei)人(ren)君(jun)与(yu)族(zu)人(ren)行(xing)食礼(li)(li)并饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)，故并言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“《文王(wang)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)》曰‘族(zu)食世(shi)降一(yi)等(deng)(deng)’”者(zhe)，郑(zheng)彼注云(yun)：“亲(qin)(qin)者(zhe)稠(chou)，疏者(zhe)稀。”假令(ling)亲(qin)(qin)兄弟(di)岁四度，从父昆弟(di)岁三度，从祖昆弟(di)岁二度，族(zu)昆弟(di)岁一(yi)度，是其一(yi)世(shi)降一(yi)等(deng)(deng)。云(yun)“《大传》曰系(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以姓(xing)而弗别”者(zhe)，子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)虽(sui)有氏族(zu)不(bu)同，皆系(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以正姓(xing)，若鲁姓(xing)姬，子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)氏曰仲孙(sun)(sun)、叔孙(sun)(sun)、季孙(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属，氏族(zu)虽(sui)异，同是姓(xing)姬，故云(yun)系(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以姓(xing)而不(bu)别也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“缀(zhui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以食而弗殊”者(zhe)，谓(wei)继别为大宗者(zhe)，与(yu)族(zu)人(ren)行(xing)食礼(li)(li)，相(xiang)(xiang)连缀(zhui)，序以昭穆而不(bu)可(ke)殊异也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“百世(shi)而昏姻不(bu)通(tong)”者(zhe)，以系(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以正姓(xing)，虽(sui)氏族(zu)异，昏姻不(bu)得通(tong)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“周道(dao)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，对殷道(dao)则(ze)不(bu)然(ran)，以其殷道(dao)氏族(zu)异则(ze)得昏姻也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，证此经以饮食相(xiang)(xiang)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。郑(zheng)注引(yin)《文王(wang)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)》，据(ju)人(ren)君(jun)法；引(yin)《大传》，据(ju)大夫士法，则(ze)万(wan)民亦有此饮食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。
以昏冠之礼，亲成男女；（亲其恩，成其性。
○冠，古(gu)乱反(fan)。）
[疏]“以昏”至“男女”
○释曰：此一节陈昏姻冠笄之事，上句直言昏冠，专据男而言，亦有姻笄，故下句兼言男女也。若然，则昏姻之礼，所以亲男女，使男女相亲，三十之男，二十之女，配为夫妻是也。冠笄之礼所以成男女，男二十而冠，女子许嫁十五而笄，不许亦二十而笄，皆责之以成人之礼也。
○注“亲其恩，成其性”
○释曰：案《昏义(yi)》，婿亲(qin)迎，御轮三周，是(shi)婿亲(qin)之。亲(qin)之也者(zhe)，使之亲(qin)己，是(shi)亲(qin)其恩也。云(yun)“成(cheng)其姓”者(zhe)，《冠义(yi)》云(yun)：礼始於冠，既(ji)冠，责以为(wei)(wei)人(ren)父、为(wei)(wei)人(ren)子(zi)、为(wei)(wei)人(ren)臣(chen)之礼。又《内则》云(yun)：二十敦行孝(xiao)弟。是(shi)成(cheng)其性也。
以宾(bin)射(she)(she)之(zhi)礼(li)，亲故旧朋友；（射(she)(she)礼(li)，虽王(wang)(wang)，亦立宾(bin)主(zhu)也。王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)故旧朋友，为世(shi)子时，共(gong)在学者。天(tian)子亦有友诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)义。武王(wang)(wang)誓曰“我友邦冢君”是(shi)也。《司寇职》有议(yi)故之(zhi)辟、议(yi)宾(bin)之(zhi)辟。）
[疏]“以宾”至“朋友”
○释曰：言“以宾射之礼”者，谓若《射人》王以六耦射三侯，三获，三容，五正，是宾射之侯也。以此宾射之礼者，谓行燕饮之礼，乃与之射，所以申欢乐之情，故云亲故旧朋友也。
○注“射礼”至“之辟”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)“射礼(li)，虽王(wang)，亦(yi)立宾(bin)(bin)主也(ye)”者(zhe)，案《大射礼(li)》，以大夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)主。案此云(yun)(yun)(yun)王(wang)以宾(bin)(bin)射之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，既行燕饮之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，明知王(wang)亦(yi)立宾(bin)(bin)主也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世子时共在(zai)学”者(zhe)，若据即位为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)以後(hou)，亦(yi)有(you)以臣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)，不(bu)得(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。今云(yun)(yun)(yun)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)，明据未为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)时。案《文王(wang)世子》，周公(gong)居摄，成王(wang)与伯(bo)禽在(zai)学，与学子同居。又《王(wang)制》有(you)王(wang)大子，是为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世子时共在(zai)学者(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子亦(yi)有(you)友(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)”，即所引(yin)《泰誓(shi)》武王(wang)誓(shi)曰“我友(you)邦冢君”，是天(tian)子有(you)友(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。言此者(zhe)，欲(yu)见(jian)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)，亦(yi)含诸(zhu)侯(hou)在(zai)其中。案《洛诰(gao)》周公(gong)谓成王(wang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“孺子其朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)”，彼(bi)以成王(wang)以臣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)，则此朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)中可以兼(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。引(yin)《司寇职》“有(you)议(yi)(yi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)、议(yi)(yi)宾(bin)(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)”者(zhe)，证(zheng)诸(zhu)侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)，及(ji)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，皆在(zai)议(yi)(yi)限，与此经故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)旧(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)朋(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)友(you)并得(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)射相亲之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
以(yi)飨燕之礼(li)，亲四方之宾客(ke)；（宾客(ke)，谓朝(chao)聘(pin)者(zhe)。）
[疏]注“宾客谓朝聘者”
○释曰：此经飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)并(bing)言(yan)，殊(shu)食於上者(zhe)，食无(wu)献(xian)酢(zuo)之法(fa)，故别言(yan)於上，与私饮(yin)同科。此飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)，谓(wei)《大(da)行人》云“上公三(san)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)，侯(hou)伯再(zai)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)再(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)，子男一(yi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)”。飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，亨大(da)牢(lao)以饮(yin)宾(bin)，献(xian)依命数(shu)，在庙行之。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)，其牲狗(gou)，行一(yi)献(xian)四(si)举旅，降脱屦，升坐，无(wu)爵，以醉为度(du)，行之在寝。此谓(wei)朝宾(bin)若聘客(ke)，则皆一(yi)飨(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，其燕(yan)(yan)(yan)与时赐无(wu)数(shu)，是亲四(si)方宾(bin)客(ke)也。
以番之礼，亲兄弟之国；（番，社稷宗庙之肉，以赐同姓之国，同福禄也。兄弟，有共先王者。鲁定公十四年：“天王使石尚来归。”
○，上忍反(fan)。番，音烦。）
[疏]注“番”至“归”
○释曰(yue)：兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，谓(wei)同姓(xing)(xing)诸侯(hou)，若鲁、卫、晋、郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，凡(fan)受(shou)(shou)祭(ji)(ji)肉(rou)者(zhe)，受(shou)(shou)鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佑助，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番(fan)(fan)(fan)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亲(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同福禄也。郑(zheng)(zheng)总云(yun)“番(fan)(fan)(fan)，社稷宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)”。分而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)，番(fan)(fan)(fan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成十三(san)年(nian)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)(ji)诸侯(hou)朝王(wang)，遂(sui)从刘(liu)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)、成肃公(gong)(gong)(gong)会晋侯(hou)伐秦。成子(zi)受(shou)(shou)于(yu)社，不(bu)(bu)敬。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“，宜社之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)也。盛以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蜃(shen)(shen)器(qi)，故曰(yue)。”刘(liu)子(zi)曰(yue)：“国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)事，在祀与(yu)戎(rong)。祀有(you)(you)执番(fan)(fan)(fan)，戎(rong)有(you)(you)受(shou)(shou)。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“番(fan)(fan)(fan)，祭(ji)(ji)肉(rou)。”又案《异义·左氏(shi)说》：“，社祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)，盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蜃(shen)(shen)，宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)名(ming)曰(yue)番(fan)(fan)(fan)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则宗(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)曰(yue)番(fan)(fan)(fan)，社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou)曰(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验也。而《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》、《梁》皆云(yun)“生居(ju)俎上(shang)曰(yue)，熟居(ju)俎上(shang)曰(yue)番(fan)(fan)(fan)”，非郑(zheng)(zheng)义耳。对(dui)文(wen)(wen)为社稷肉(rou)，番(fan)(fan)(fan)为宗(zong)庙(miao)肉(rou)，其(qi)(qi)实宗(zong)庙(miao)、社稷器(qi)皆饰用蜃(shen)(shen)蛤，故《掌蜃(shen)(shen)》云(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)祀，共(gong)(gong)蜃(shen)(shen)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蜃(shen)(shen)”，注(zhu)云(yun)：“饰祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)皆饰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蜃(shen)(shen)也。云(yun)“兄弟(di)，有(you)(you)共(gong)(gong)先王(wang)者(zhe)”，谓(wei)若鲁与(yu)周同承文(wen)(wen)王(wang)，郑(zheng)(zheng)与(yu)周同承厉王(wang)，如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈，与(yu)周同立(li)庙(miao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)先王(wang)也。云(yun)“定公(gong)(gong)(gong)十四(si)年(nian)，天(tian)王(wang)使(shi)(shi)石尚(shang)来归(gui)”者(zhe)，石尚(shang)，天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)士(shi)，故称名(ming)氏(shi)。言来者(zhe)，自外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。归(gui)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)子(zi)祭(ji)(ji)社，使(shi)(shi)来归(gui)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，证同姓(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。此文(wen)(wen)虽主兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，至於(wu)(wu)二王(wang)後及(ji)(ji)异姓(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)大(da)功者(zhe)，得与(yu)兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，同故僖九年(nian)夏，王(wang)使(shi)(shi)宰孔赐齐(qi)侯(hou)胙(zuo)，曰(yue)：“天(tian)子(zi)有(you)(you)事于(yu)文(wen)(wen)武，使(shi)(shi)孔赐伯(bo)舅胙(zuo)。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“胙(zuo)，番(fan)(fan)(fan)肉(rou)。”周礼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番(fan)(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼亲(qin)弟(di)兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赐异姓(xing)(xing)。敬齐(qi)侯(hou)，比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾客(ke)。又僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)二十四(si)年(nian)，“宋成公(gong)(gong)(gong)如楚，还，入於(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)将享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，问(wen)礼於(wu)(wu)皇武子(zi)，对(dui)曰(yue)：“宋，先代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後也，於(wu)(wu)周为客(ke)，天(tian)子(zi)有(you)(you)事番(fan)(fan)(fan)焉(yan)，有(you)(you)丧拜焉(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二王(wang)後及(ji)(ji)异姓(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)大(da)功者(zhe)，亦得番(fan)(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《大(da)行人》直言“归(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)交诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福”。不(bu)(bu)辨同姓(xing)(xing)异姓(xing)(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦容有(you)(you)非兄弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)亦得番(fan)(fan)(fan)也。
以贺庆之(zhi)(zhi)礼，亲异姓之(zhi)(zhi)国。（异姓，王昏姻甥舅。）
[疏]“以贺”至“之国”
○释曰：言“贺庆”者，谓诸侯之国有喜可贺可庆之事，王使人异往，以物贺庆之，可施及异姓之国，所以亲之也。虽主异姓其同姓，有贺庆可知，故举异姓包同姓也。是以《大行人》云“贺庆以赞诸侯之喜”，不别同姓异姓，则兼同姓可知。
○注“异姓”至“甥舅”
○释曰：若(ruo)据男女(nv)身，则男曰昏，女(nv)曰姻(yin)。若(ruo)以亲言之，则女(nv)之父(fu)(fu)曰昏，婿之父(fu)(fu)曰姻(yin)。言甥舅者(zhe)，嫁女(nv)与之则为甥，王娶女(nv)来则为舅，总是昏姻(yin)之国也。
以九仪之命(ming)，正邦国之位。（每命(ming)异仪，贵贱之位乃(nai)正。《春(chun)秋传》曰：“名(ming)位不同，礼(li)亦(yi)异数。”）
[疏]“以九”至“之位”
○释曰：此一经与下文为总目，以其大宗伯掌五礼，礼所以辨尊卑，故以九仪之命正诸侯邦国之位，使之不有僭差也。
○注“每命”至“异数”
○释曰：云“每命(ming)(ming)异(yi)仪(yi)(yi)，贵(gui)(gui)贱之位(wei)乃(nai)正(zheng)”者，下文从一命(ming)(ming)以至(zhi)九命(ming)(ming)，各云所(suo)受赐贵(gui)(gui)贱不同，即此经以九仪(yi)(yi)之命(ming)(ming)正(zheng)邦(bang)国之位(wei)，事义相成，故云贵(gui)(gui)贱之位(wei)乃(nai)正(zheng)。正(zheng)则不僭滥也。引“《春秋传》曰‘名(ming)位(wei)不同，礼亦异(yi)数(shu)’”者，证每命(ming)(ming)异(yi)仪(yi)(yi)也。
壹命受职，（始见命为正吏，谓列国之士，於子男为大夫，王之下士亦一命。郑司农云：“受职，治职事。”
○见命，如(ru)字，下“士相见”同。）
[疏]注“始见”至“职事”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“始见命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)吏”者(zhe)(zhe)，对府史胥(xu)徒非正(zheng)(zheng)吏。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)府史胥(xu)徒皆(jie)官长所(suo)自辟除，未得(de)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)士(shi)(shi)得(de)王(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)吏也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)列(lie)(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)公(gong)侯(hou)伯为(wei)列(lie)(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“七(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo)(guo)”，郑(zheng)注《孝(xiao)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“列(lie)(lie)土封(feng)疆，谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)诸侯(hou)。”亦(yi)据公(gong)、侯(hou)、伯七(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo)(guo)，则子男不得(de)为(wei)列(lie)(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)。《典(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》“公(gong)侯(hou)伯之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)列(lie)(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)子男为(wei)大夫”者(zhe)(zhe)，《典(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》“子男大夫一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)亦(yi)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)，无正(zheng)(zheng)文，直以(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)官有上士(shi)(shi)、中士(shi)(shi)、下(xia)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)名。又《典(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》大夫四命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)空文，宜有三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)解之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然，《典(dian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》不见王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)四命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)上有出(chu)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)理，故(gu)(gu)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)出(chu)封(feng)皆(jie)加一(yi)等，士(shi)(shi)无出(chu)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)理，故(gu)(gu)不言。以(yi)(yi)(yi)义推之(zhi)(zhi)，则士(shi)(shi)有三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“受职(zhi)，治(zhi)职(zhi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)，设官分职(zhi)，止为(wei)治(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)职(zhi)事解之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
再(zai)命受(shou)(shou)服，（郑(zheng)司农(nong)云：“受(shou)(shou)服，受(shou)(shou)祭(ji)衣服，为上(shang)士。”玄(xuan)谓此受(shou)(shou)玄(xuan)冕(mian)之(zhi)服，列国之(zhi)大(da)夫再(zai)命，於(wu)子(zi)男为卿。卿大(da)夫自玄(xuan)冕(mian)而下，如孤之(zhi)服。王之(zhi)中士亦再(zai)命，则爵(jue)弁服。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“弁服”
○释曰：先郑(zheng)云(yun)“受(shou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，受(shou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)衣服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)衣服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)虽不(bu)指斥服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名，以(yi)义推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，先郑(zheng)云(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)”，则(ze)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)爵(jue)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)。言(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)(shang)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)，先郑(zheng)虽不(bu)言(yan)(yan)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)士(shi)、下(xia)(xia)士(shi)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)，此(ci)言(yan)(yan)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)士(shi)，则(ze)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)士(shi)、下(xia)(xia)士(shi)同(tong)(tong)一(yi)命(ming)(ming)可知也(ye)。“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)谓此(ci)受(shou)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)《司(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》云(yun)：孤(gu)冕(mian)(mian)，卿(qing)(qing)大夫同(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)。此(ci)云(yun)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)受(shou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，明据(ju)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)也(ye)。云(yun)“列国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大夫再(zai)命(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦据(ju)《典命(ming)(ming)》公(gong)侯伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大夫同(tong)(tong)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)而(er)知。云(yun)“於子男为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦据(ju)典命(ming)(ming)而(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)“卿(qing)(qing)大夫自(zi)(zi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)而(er)下(xia)(xia)，如孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)亦据(ju)《司(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。案《玉藻》注(zhu)云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三等，其(qi)妻以(yi)次(ci)受(shou)此(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”。则(ze)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，孤(gu)冕(mian)(mian)，卿(qing)(qing)大夫同(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)，若无孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，则(ze)公(gong)侯伯子男卿(qing)(qing)冕(mian)(mian)，大夫玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)，士(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)爵(jue)弁。若然(ran)，此(ci)注(zhu)云(yun)“於子男为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)”，卿(qing)(qing)当冕(mian)(mian)矣。郑(zheng)云(yun)“卿(qing)(qing)大夫自(zi)(zi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕(mian)(mian)而(er)下(xia)(xia)如孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)《司(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)文而(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)“王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)士(shi)亦再(zai)命(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)(shang)文已差讫。云(yun)士(shi)则(ze)爵(jue)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡言(yan)(yan)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，无问天(tian)子士(shi)、诸(zhu)侯士(shi)，例皆(jie)(jie)(jie)爵(jue)弁以(yi)助祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。若然(ran)，《司(si)(si)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)》不(bu)见爵(jue)弁者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)王(wang)吉服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有九，自(zi)(zi)公(gong)已下(xia)(xia)转相如。其(qi)爵(jue)弁，於天(tian)子诸(zhu)侯非吉所用，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)。案《士(shi)冠礼》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有爵(jue)弁服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，是士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)助祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)士(shi)以(yi)爵(jue)弁为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正也(ye)。案：先郑(zheng)解此(ci)九仪，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)先言(yan)(yan)王(wang)臣(chen)，後(hou)郑(zheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)诸(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首，以(yi)王(wang)臣(chen)亦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，後(hou)郑(zheng)见上(shang)(shang)云(yun)正邦国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)诸(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首，後(hou)以(yi)王(wang)臣(chen)亦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，得其(qi)理也(ye)。
三命受位，（郑司农(nong)云：“受下大夫之(zhi)(zhi)位。”玄谓此列(lie)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)卿，始有(you)列(lie)位於王，为王之(zhi)(zhi)臣也。王之(zhi)(zhi)上士亦(yi)三命。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“三命”
○释(shi)曰：先郑云(yun)“受下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)”，先郑意以(yi)(yi)(yi)上士(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)命(ming)(ming)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)命(ming)(ming)，上大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)。案《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)：“次国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)卿，位(wei)当(dang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)；小国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)卿，位(wei)当(dang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”则(ze)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)上、下(xia)(xia)(xia)。案《序官》有(you)(you)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，则(ze)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)亦得(de)名(ming)为(wei)上大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)矣(yi)。故先郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)命(ming)(ming)，上大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)，即《典命(ming)(ming)》大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)是(shi)上大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也。後郑不(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)伯子(zi)男(nan)名(ming)位(wei)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，侯(hou)伯犹同(tong)(tong)七命(ming)(ming)，子(zi)男(nan)犹同(tong)(tong)五命(ming)(ming)，况中大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名(ming)位(wei)既同(tong)(tong)，何(he)嫌不(bu)(bu)得(de)同(tong)(tong)命(ming)(ming)也。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《典命(ming)(ming)》唯见大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)，是(shi)兼中、下(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故不(bu)(bu)从先郑也。“玄(xuan)谓此列(lie)(lie)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿，始有(you)(you)列(lie)(lie)位(wei)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣”者(zhe)，诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，皆(jie)得(de)聘天(tian)子(zi)，今於(wu)(wu)三(san)命(ming)(ming)乃云(yun)始有(you)(you)列(lie)(lie)位(wei)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其再命(ming)(ming)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)卑，虽得(de)言天(tian)子(zi)，不(bu)(bu)得(de)言位(wei)于王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)据(ju)列(lie)(lie)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿而(er)言。故《曲礼》云(yun)“列(lie)(lie)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，入(ru)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，曰某士(shi)(shi)(shi)”。注(zhu)引《春(chun)秋》，晋士(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)亦据(ju)晋国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿三(san)命(ming)(ming)，而(er)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)子(zi)称(cheng)士(shi)(shi)(shi)，与天(tian)子(zi)三(san)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)称(cheng)士(shi)(shi)(shi)，即为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣也。
四命(ming)受器(qi)，（郑司农云：“受祭器(qi)为(wei)上大夫(fu)。”玄谓(wei)此公之孤始得有祭器(qi)者也。《礼运(yun)》曰：“大夫(fu)具(ju)官(guan)，祭器(qi)不(bu)假，声(sheng)乐皆具(ju)，非礼也。”王(wang)之下大夫(fu)亦四命(ming)。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“四命”
○释曰：先郑(zheng)云(yun)“受祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为上(shang)大夫(fu)”，上(shang)已(yi)破讫(qi)。玄谓(wei)“此公之(zhi)孤，始得(de)有(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)“大夫(fu)有(you)(you)(you)田者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先为祭(ji)(ji)服(fu)，後为祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”，则仪礼(li)(li)《少牢》用(yong)成牲，皆是有(you)(you)(you)地(di)大夫(fu)，则自得(de)造祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。今云(yun)公之(zhi)孤四(si)命(ming)始得(de)有(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但未(wei)四(si)命(ming)已(yi)前(qian)，有(you)(you)(you)地(di)大夫(fu)虽得(de)造祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)未(wei)具，犹假(jia)之(zhi)使足，至四(si)命(ming)即具有(you)(you)(you)，言(yan)始有(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)始得(de)具祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而言(yan)。引《礼(li)(li)运》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证未(wei)四(si)命(ming)已(yi)前(qian)祭(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)须(xu)假(jia)之(zhi)意。云(yun)“王之(zhi)下大夫(fu)亦四(si)命(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，约《典(dian)命(ming)》文。
五命赐则，（郑司农云：“则者，法也。出为子男。”玄谓则，地未成国之名。王之下大夫四命，出封加一等，五命，赐之以方百里二百里之地者，方三百里以上为成国。王莽时以二十五成为则，方五十里，合今俗说子男之地，独刘子骏等识古有此制焉。
○以(yi)上，时掌反(fan)。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“制焉”
○释曰：先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“出为(wei)子(zi)男(nan)”者，司(si)农据(ju)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)》而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)。“玄谓则(ze)(ze)(ze)地未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)名(ming)”者，对下(xia)文“七(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”是(shi)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，此五(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)子(zi)男(nan)言(yan)(yan)“则(ze)(ze)(ze)”，是(shi)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。但(dan)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)赋(fu)有(you)(you)(you)三：若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)出军(jun)(jun)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)，《春秋》襄公(gong)传云(yun)(yun)“成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不过半(ban)天子(zi)之(zhi)军(jun)(jun)”，谓据(ju)公(gong)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，以(yi)(yi)其侯(hou)伯(bo)为(wei)次国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)二(er)军(jun)(jun)故也(ye)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)执(zhi)圭为(wei)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，可及(ji)伯(bo)，即下(xia)经“七(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者是(shi)也(ye)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)千(qian)乘为(wei)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)，唯(wei)公(gong)及(ji)侯(hou)，以(yi)(yi)其伯(bo)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)不得出千(qian)乘，故郑(zheng)注(zhu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)侯(hou)之(zhi)封，乃能容(rong)之(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)。“王之(zhi)下(xia)大(da)(da)夫四命(ming)(ming)(ming)，出封加一等(deng)，五(wu)(wu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)”，亦(yi)是(shi)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)》文。云(yun)(yun)“赐之(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)、二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)地”者，《大(da)(da)司(si)徒职》文。云(yun)(yun)“方(fang)三百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)上为(wei)成(cheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”者，此据(ju)下(xia)文“七(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)赐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“王莽时(shi)以(yi)(yi)二(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)成(cheng)为(wei)则(ze)(ze)(ze)”者，此举後代以(yi)(yi)况义。二(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)成(cheng)，与夏殷五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，亦(yi)与周时(shi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)名(ming)则(ze)(ze)(ze)，故云(yun)(yun)则(ze)(ze)(ze)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)“合今(jin)俗说子(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)地”者，时(shi)有(you)(you)(you)孟子(zi)、张、包(bao)、周及(ji)何休等(deng)，并(bing)不信周礼(li)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)已下(xia)之(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，以(yi)(yi)《王制(zhi)》百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)、七(qi)(qi)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)、五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)等(deng)为(wei)周法，故郑(zheng)指此等(deng)人为(wei)俗说也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“独刘子(zi)骏(jun)等(deng)识古(gu)有(you)(you)(you)此制(zhi)焉”者，言(yan)(yan)刘子(zi)骏(jun)等(deng)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)马融、郑(zheng)司(si)农及(ji)杜子(zi)春等(deng)，皆(jie)信周礼(li)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)已下(xia)之(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，周公(gong)大(da)(da)平(ping)制(zhi)礼(li)所定法，故云(yun)(yun)识古(gu)有(you)(you)(you)此制(zhi)也(ye)。引此诸文者，证时(shi)有(you)(you)(you)解则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)者故也(ye)。
六命赐官，（郑司农云：“子男入为卿，治一官也。”玄谓此王六命之卿赐官者，使得自置其臣，治家邑如诸侯。《春秋》襄十八年冬，晋侯以诸侯围齐，荀偃为君祷河，既陈齐侯之罪，而曰：“鲁臣彪将率诸侯以讨焉，其官臣偃实先後之。”
○先，悉(xi)荐反(fan)，下(xia)“先时”同。後，胡豆(dou)反(fan)。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“後之”
○释曰：先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)“子(zi)(zi)男(nan)入(ru)(ru)(ru)为卿(qing)(qing)，治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)”，此(ci)(ci)後(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)者，案《典(dian)命(ming)》唯有出(chu)封加一(yi)(yi)等(deng)，无入(ru)(ru)(ru)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，则(ze)出(chu)有加，入(ru)(ru)(ru)无加。今(jin)以(yi)子(zi)(zi)男(nan)五命(ming)入(ru)(ru)(ru)加一(yi)(yi)等(deng)，为王(wang)(wang)朝六命(ming)卿(qing)(qing)，於(wu)理不(bu)(bu)(bu)可，且(qie)见(jian)此(ci)(ci)上下文所(suo)言(yan)赐(ci)(ci)受者，皆(jie)是(shi)自外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，今(jin)言(yan)赐(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)，则(ze)是(shi)此(ci)(ci)六命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人使(shi)(shi)已有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，今(jin)以(yi)赐(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)，为赐(ci)(ci)当(dang)(dang)身治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)官(guan)(guan)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)可，故(gu)後(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)也。先(xian)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，出(chu)加入(ru)(ru)(ru)亦加，若毛君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，出(chu)加入(ru)(ru)(ru)减，故(gu)《晋(jin)诗》云(yun)“岂(qi)曰无衣六兮(xi)”，《毛传》云(yun)：“天子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)六命(ming)，车旗衣服以(yi)六为节。”是(shi)出(chu)加入(ru)(ru)(ru)减也。後(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)者，诸(zhu)侯(hou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)为王(wang)(wang)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫，其(qi)(qi)尊(zun)如(ru)故(gu)以(yi)为荣，何得(de)入(ru)(ru)(ru)则(ze)减之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)？指如(ru)郑(zheng)武公(gong)、桓公(gong)并(bing)入(ru)(ru)(ru)为王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司徒，诗人美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若减，何美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有乎(hu)？明(ming)入(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)减。郑(zheng)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，出(chu)加入(ru)(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)减，依於(wu)在国(guo)。若言(yan)六兮(xi)者，以(yi)晋(jin)侯(hou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)为王(wang)(wang)卿(qing)(qing)，谦不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢必当(dang)(dang)七(qi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服，故(gu)云(yun)六兮(xi)耳(er)(er)。“玄谓此(ci)(ci)六命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)赐(ci)(ci)官(guan)(guan)者，使(shi)(shi)得(de)自置其(qi)(qi)臣，治(zhi)家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)如(ru)诸(zhu)侯(hou)”者，案《载师(shi)》有小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)、大(da)(da)都(dou)。大(da)(da)都(dou)，谓三公(gong)、王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)母弟所(suo)食邑(yi)；小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)，王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)六命(ming)所(suo)食邑(yi)。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)六命(ming)已上赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，使(shi)(shi)得(de)自置其(qi)(qi)臣，治(zhi)家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)，如(ru)诸(zhu)侯(hou)。此(ci)(ci)则(ze)《大(da)(da)宰》云(yun)“施(shi)则(ze)於(wu)都(dou)鄙，建其(qi)(qi)长，立其(qi)(qi)两”已下是(shi)。三公(gong)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)母弟得(de)立官(guan)(guan)如(ru)畿(ji)外诸(zhu)侯(hou)，但少一(yi)(yi)卿(qing)(qing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)足於(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)而已。言(yan)家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)虽与大(da)(da)夫家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)同(tong)名，此(ci)(ci)则(ze)大(da)(da)都(dou)、小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)也。卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫称(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)(jia)，故(gu)言(yan)家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)以(yi)表大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)耳(er)(er)。引《春秋》者，证诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)臣为官(guan)(guan)，故(gu)荀偃自於(wu)晋(jin)侯(hou)称(cheng)(cheng)官(guan)(guan)，畿(ji)内诸(zhu)侯(hou)臣亦称(cheng)(cheng)官(guan)(guan)，此(ci)(ci)经是(shi)也。荀偃对河神(shen)，故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)名，诸(zhu)侯(hou)於(wu)外事(shi)皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)曾臣。言(yan)“先(xian)後(hou)(hou)(hou)”者，先(xian)後(hou)(hou)(hou)，谓左右，谓荀偃左右晋(jin)侯(hou)也。
七命(ming)赐(ci)国，（王之(zhi)卿六命(ming)，出封(feng)加一等者(zhe)。郑司农云：“出就侯伯之(zhi)国。”）
[疏]注“王之”至“之国”
○释曰：此後郑(zheng)、先郑(zheng)所云，皆据(ju)《典命(ming)》而言，以其王之卿六(liu)命(ming)，出封加一等，即七命(ming)，是侯(hou)伯之国(guo)者(zhe)也。
八命作(zuo)牧(mu)，（谓侯伯有功德者，加(jia)命得专征伐於(wu)诸侯。郑司农云(yun)：“一州之牧(mu)。王(wang)之三公亦八命。”）
[疏]注“谓侯”至“八命”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：案《曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“牧(mu)(mu)於外曰(yue)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”，是(shi)牧(mu)(mu)本(ben)爵称侯(hou)(hou)(hou)矣。一州二(er)(er)百一十国，选贤(xian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为牧(mu)(mu)。今郑(zheng)兼言(yan)伯(bo)者(zhe)，牧(mu)(mu)用(yong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)不(bu)定，其(qi)牧(mu)(mu)若有贤(xian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)用(yong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，若无贤(xian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)用(yong)伯(bo)可也(ye)(ye)，故郑(zheng)兼言(yan)伯(bo)。其(qi)牧(mu)(mu)下二(er)(er)伯(bo)，亦(yi)或用(yong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，或用(yong)伯(bo)，故《诗·旄丘》责卫伯(bo)，郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)：“卫康叔之封爵称侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，今曰(yue)伯(bo)，时(shi)为州伯(bo)。”是(shi)牧(mu)(mu)下二(er)(er)伯(bo)亦(yi)用(yong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“加命(ming)(ming)得(de)(de)专(zhuan)(zhuan)征(zheng)伐於诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)七命(ming)(ming)，今云(yun)(yun)八命(ming)(ming)作牧(mu)(mu)，明是(shi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)加命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“得(de)(de)专(zhuan)(zhuan)征(zheng)伐”者(zhe)，案《王制》云(yun)(yun)“诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)赐(ci)弓矢，然(ran)後(hou)专(zhuan)(zhuan)征(zheng)伐”，并据州牧(mu)(mu)而(er)言(yan)。以其(qi)弓矢之赐(ci)，州内有臣杀君、子杀父，不(bu)请於天子，得(de)(de)专(zhuan)(zhuan)征(zheng)伐之。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“一州之牧(mu)(mu)”，牧(mu)(mu)，养也(ye)(ye)，即《大宰》“一曰(yue)牧(mu)(mu)，以地(di)得(de)(de)民”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“王之三公亦(yi)八命(ming)(ming)”，《典命(ming)(ming)》文。
九命(ming)作伯。（上公(gong)有(you)功德(de)者，加命(ming)为(wei)二伯，得征五侯九伯者。郑司农云(yun)：“长(zhang)诸侯为(wei)方伯。”）
[疏]注“上公”至“方伯”
○释曰：《典命(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王之(zhi)(zhi)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)命(ming)”，是(shi)上公(gong)(gong)(gong)矣，今(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)，明有功德加一命(ming)为二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)文，出於《曲(qu)礼》。案(an)《曲(qu)礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)宫之(zhi)(zhi)长曰伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，是(shi)职(zhi)方(fang)。”郑(zheng)引(yin)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“自陕以(yi)东，周公(gong)(gong)(gong)主之(zhi)(zhi)；自陕以(yi)西(xi)，召公(gong)(gong)(gong)主之(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)东西(xi)二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“得征(zheng)五(wu)(wu)侯(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”者(zhe)，僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)四年《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔召康公(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)我先君(jun)太公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰：五(wu)(wu)侯(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，汝(ru)实(shi)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)夹(jia)辅周室(shi)。”贾、服之(zhi)(zhi)等诸侯(hou)，九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。若然，与天子何殊，而为夹(jia)辅乎？故(gu)郑(zheng)以(yi)为五(wu)(wu)侯(hou)者(zhe)，九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)有九(jiu)(jiu)牧(mu)，牧(mu)即侯(hou)，但(dan)二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)共分，各得四侯(hou)半，侯(hou)不可(ke)(ke)分，故(gu)二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)皆言五(wu)(wu)侯(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)，九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)有十八(ba)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，各得九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，其有违(wei)逆者(zhe)，各征(zheng)半天下(xia)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)(wu)侯(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，汝(ru)实(shi)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，证(zheng)二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)尊(zun)，得征(zheng)半天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“长诸侯(hou)为方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”者(zhe)，《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上无(wu)明天子，下(xia)无(wu)贤方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)”。方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)可(ke)(ke)及(ji)州(zhou)牧(mu)并二(er)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)一方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以玉(yu)作六(liu)瑞，以等(deng)邦(bang)国。（等(deng)犹齐等(deng)也。）
[疏]注“犹齐等也”
○释(shi)曰：此经与下(xia)为(wei)总目(mu)，有此王(wang)之镇圭，而(er)言邦(bang)国(guo)者，以邦(bang)国(guo)为(wei)主也(ye)。言“等犹齐等”者，案《礼记(ji)·杂(za)记(ji)》：“《赞大行》云：博三(san)寸(cun)，厚半寸(cun)，剡上，左右各寸(cun)半。”其(qi)长短，即《玉人(ren)》所云皆依命(ming)数，是其(qi)圭法(fa)也(ye)。既命(ming)诸侯，当齐等之，使不违(wei)法(fa)也(ye)。
王(wang)执镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)，（镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，安(an)也(ye)，所以安(an)四(si)(si)方。镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)者，盖以四(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之山为琢(zhuo)饰，圭(gui)长尺有二寸。）
[疏]注“镇安”至“二寸”
○释曰(yue)：此(ci)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)，王祭(ji)祀时所执(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)《典瑞(rui)》云“王晋大圭(gui)，执(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)，缫藉五采五就，以(yi)(yi)(yi)朝日”。则馀祭(ji)祀亦(yi)执(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)。云“镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，安也，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)安四(si)(si)(si)方”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《职方》九州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)一大山(shan)(shan)(shan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为其(qi)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，此(ci)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)亦(yi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安四(si)(si)(si)方也。云“镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)者(zhe)，盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)为琢饰”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)圭(gui)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)类为琢饰，此(ci)字为四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)字，明以(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)为琢饰也。无(wu)正文，故(gu)云“盖(gai)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)。四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)，谓杨州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)会稽(ji)、青州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)、幽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)医(yi)无(wu)闾、冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是也。云“圭(gui)长尺二(er)寸(cun)”者(zhe)，案《玉人》云“镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)圭(gui)尺有(you)二(er)寸(cun)，天子守(shou)之(zhi)”是也。
公(gong)执桓(huan)(huan)圭(gui)，（公(gong)，二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)後及(ji)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)公(gong)。双植谓之(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)。桓(huan)(huan)，宫室之(zhi)(zhi)象，所以(yi)安其上(shang)也。桓(huan)(huan)圭(gui)，盖亦以(yi)桓(huan)(huan)为(wei)琢饰，圭(gui)长九寸。）
[疏]注“公二”至“九寸”
○释曰：此(ci)所执(zhi)谓朝时。案《聘礼(li)》、《礼(li)记》及《典瑞》所云者，是(shi)(shi)已下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)据朝时也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“公(gong)，二(er)王之(zhi)(zhi)後”者，案《孝经援神契》云：“二(er)王之(zhi)(zhi)後称公(gong)，大国称侯(hou)，皆(jie)(jie)千(qian)乘(cheng)。”是(shi)(shi)二(er)王後称公(gong)。云“及王之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)”者，《典命(ming)》“上(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”及此(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)“九(jiu)命(ming)作伯”，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)王之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“双植谓之(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)”者，桓(huan)(huan)谓若(ruo)屋(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)楹。案《檀弓(gong)》云：“三家视桓(huan)(huan)楹。”彼(bi)注“四植谓之(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)”者，彼(bi)据柱(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)竖者而(er)言。桓(huan)(huan)若(ruo)竖之(zhi)(zhi)，则有四棱，故云四植，植即棱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)於圭(gui)(gui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)言下(xia)(xia)，二(er)棱著(zhu)圭(gui)(gui)不见(jian)，唯有上(shang)(shang)(shang)二(er)棱。故以(yi)(yi)双言之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“桓(huan)(huan)，宫室之(zhi)(zhi)象，所以(yi)(yi)安(an)(an)其上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者，以(yi)(yi)其宫室在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，须得桓(huan)(huan)楹乃安(an)(an)，若(ruo)天(tian)子在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，须诸侯(hou)卫守(shou)乃安(an)(an)，故云安(an)(an)其上(shang)(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“桓(huan)(huan)圭(gui)(gui)盖亦以(yi)(yi)桓(huan)(huan)为琢(zhuo)饰”者，以(yi)(yi)无正文，故亦云“盖”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“圭(gui)(gui)长九(jiu)寸”者，案《玉(yu)人》云“桓(huan)(huan)圭(gui)(gui)九(jiu)寸，公(gong)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
侯执信圭，伯执躬圭，（“信”当为“身”，声之误也。身圭、躬圭，盖皆象以人形为琢饰，文有粗缛耳。欲其慎行以保身。圭皆长七寸。
○信，音身。行，下孟反。）
[疏]注“信当”至“七寸”
○释曰：郑必破(po)“信(xin)”为(wei)(wei)“身(shen)(shen)(shen)”者，古者舒、申(shen)字(zi)皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)信(xin)，故(gu)此人身(shen)(shen)(shen)字(zi)亦误为(wei)(wei)信(xin)，故(gu)郑云(yun)“声之(zhi)(zhi)误也(ye)”。云(yun)“身(shen)(shen)(shen)圭(gui)(gui)、躬圭(gui)(gui)，盖皆(jie)象以(yi)人形(xing)象致饰(shi)”者，以(yi)其字(zi)为(wei)(wei)身(shen)(shen)(shen)躬，故(gu)郑还以(yi)人形(xing)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“文有粗(cu)缛耳”者，缛，细也(ye)，以(yi)其皆(jie)以(yi)人形(xing)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)，若不粗(cu)缛为(wei)(wei)异，则身(shen)(shen)(shen)、躬何殊(shu)而(er)别之(zhi)(zhi)？故(gu)知文有粗(cu)缛为(wei)(wei)别也(ye)。云(yun)“欲其慎(shen)行(xing)以(yi)保身(shen)(shen)(shen)”者，此则约上下圭(gui)(gui)为(wei)(wei)义(yi)，既以(yi)人身(shen)(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)，义(yi)当(dang)慎(shen)行(xing)保身(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)。云(yun)“圭(gui)(gui)皆(jie)七寸(cun)”者，案《玉人》云(yun)“信(xin)圭(gui)(gui)、躬圭(gui)(gui)七寸(cun)，侯(hou)伯守之(zhi)(zhi)”是也(ye)。
子执璧(bi)，男(nan)执蒲璧(bi)。（所以(yi)(yi)养人；蒲为(wei)(wei)席，所以(yi)(yi)安人。二玉(yu)盖或(huo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)饰，或(huo)以(yi)(yi)蒲为(wei)(wei)琢饰。璧(bi)皆径五寸。不执圭(gui)者，未(wei)成国也。）
[疏]注“所”至“国也”
○释曰：“所以(yi)(yi)(yi)养人，蒲(pu)为席(xi)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)安人。二玉(yu)(yu)盖或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为饰，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)蒲(pu)为琢饰”者(zhe)，此亦无正文，故亦言(yan)“盖”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之。言(yan)“或(huo)(huo)(huo)”者(zhe)，非疑，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其二玉(yu)(yu)用物(wu)不同，故云(yun)或(huo)(huo)(huo)耳(er)。云(yun)“璧皆径五寸”者(zhe)，案《玉(yu)(yu)人》烂脱，《大(da)行人》有(you)五寸之文也。云(yun)“不执圭者(zhe)，未(wei)成国也”者(zhe)，据(ju)上文“五命赐则”，是未(wei)成国也。
以禽作六挚，以等诸臣。（挚之言至，所执以自致。
○挚，音至(zhi)，本或作(zuo)贽。）
[疏]注“挚之”至“自致”
○释曰：此(ci)(ci)亦与下(xia)为总目。案(an)下(xia)文(wen)(wen)有(you)“孤执皮帛(bo)”，而(er)此(ci)(ci)云“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禽”者(zhe)，据羔已下(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多为主也(ye)(ye)。案(an)庄公《传》，男贽，大者(zhe)玉帛(bo)，小者(zhe)禽鸟，《尚(shang)书》五玉亦云贽，则玉亦是贽。此(ci)(ci)上(shang)下(xia)文(wen)(wen)玉为瑞，禽云挚(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相对为文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)言瑞。天子受瑞於(wu)天，诸侯(hou)受瑞於(wu)天子，诸臣(chen)无此(ci)(ci)义，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)挚(zhi)(zhi)为文(wen)(wen)。郑云“挚(zhi)(zhi)之言至，执之以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)致”者(zhe)，案(an)士谒见(jian)新(xin)升为士，皆执挚(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)相见(jian)，卿(qing)大夫亦然。至於(wu)五等(deng)诸侯(hou)朝(chao)(chao)聘，天子及相朝(chao)(chao)聘皆执挚(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)致，及得(de)见(jian)主人(ren)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“至”解“挚(zhi)(zhi)”也(ye)(ye)。
孤执皮帛，卿执羔，大夫执雁，士执雉，庶人执鹜，工商执鸡。（皮帛者，束帛而表以皮为之饰。皮，虎豹皮。帛，如今璧色缯也。羔，小羊，取其群而不失其类。雁，取其候时而行。雉，取其守介而死，不失其节。鹜，取其不飞迁。鸡，取其守时而动。《曲礼》曰“饰羔雁者以缋”，谓衣之以布而又画之者。自雉以下，执之无饰。士相见之礼，卿大夫饰挚以布，不言缋。此诸侯之臣与天子之臣异也。然则天子之孤饰挚以虎，皮公之孤饰挚以豹皮与？此孤卿大夫士之挚，皆以爵不以命数，凡挚无庭实。
○介，音界，或作分(fen)，扶问反。衣，於既反。与(yu)，音馀。）
[疏]注“皮帛”至“庭实”
○释曰：凡此(ci)所执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)尊，诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)卑，虽(sui)尊卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，命(ming)(ming)数有(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)，爵(jue)(jue)(jue)同则挚(zhi)(zhi)同。此(ci)文(wen)虽(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，文(wen)兼诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)士(shi)(shi)相(xiang)见卿(qing)大夫士(shi)(shi)所执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦(yi)与(yu)此(ci)同，但(dan)(dan)饰(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)耳。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帛(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，束(shu)(shu)帛(bo)(bo)而(er)表以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《聘(pin)礼(li)》“束(shu)(shu)帛(bo)(bo)加(jia)璧(bi)(bi)”，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“束(shu)(shu)帛(bo)(bo)乘马”，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)帛(bo)(bo)亦(yi)束(shu)(shu)。束(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，十端(duan)，每端(duan)丈八尺(chi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)两端(duan)合卷，总为(wei)(wei)五匹，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)束(shu)(shu)帛(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)表以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)配物者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)手执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帛(bo)(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)命(ming)(ming)，而(er)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)设於(wu)地，谓若《小(xiao)行人(ren)》“圭(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)马，璋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)”，皮(pi)(pi)(pi)马设於(wu)庭(ting)，而(er)圭(gui)璋特达(da)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升堂致(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饰(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孤(gu)相(xiang)见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)设於(wu)庭(ting)，手执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)束(shu)(shu)帛(bo)(bo)而(er)授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，但(dan)(dan)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)与(yu)帛(bo)(bo)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)(shi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，虎(hu)豹(bao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)”知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见《礼(li)记(ji)·郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“虎(hu)豹(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，示(shi)服猛”，且皮(pi)(pi)(pi)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，勿过虎(hu)豹(bao)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)是(shi)虎(hu)豹(bao)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“帛(bo)(bo)，如今璧(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)缯(zeng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)(dan)玉有(you)(you)五色(se)(se)(se)(se)，而(er)言(yan)璧(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)缯(zeng)，盖汉时有(you)(you)璧(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)缯(zeng)，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)如今璧(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)缯(zeng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)璧(bi)(bi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)缯(zeng)，未知(zhi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所定也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“羔，小(xiao)羊取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)群(qun)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡羊与(yu)羔，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)随群(qun)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独，故(gu)(gu)卿(qing)亦(yi)象(xiang)焉而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雁，取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候时而(er)行”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)北方为(wei)(wei)居，但(dan)(dan)随阳南北，木落南翔，冰泮北徂，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大夫亦(yi)当随君(jun)(jun)无背。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雉，取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)守(shou)介(jie)而(er)死，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)节”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)(dan)雉性耿(geng)介(jie)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可生服，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)(shi)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)当如雉耿(geng)介(jie)，为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)致(zhi)死，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)节操也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鹜，取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飞(fei)迁”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，庶人(ren)府史(shi)胥徒新(xin)升之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹜，鹜即(ji)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸭。是(shi)鹜既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飞(fei)迁，执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，象(xiang)庶人(ren)安土重迁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鸡，取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)守(shou)时而(er)动(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)(dan)工(gong)或为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)兴其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)巧作，商或为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)兴贩来去(qu)，故(gu)(gu)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸡，象(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)守(shou)时而(er)动(dong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《曲礼(li)》曰‘饰(shi)(shi)羔雁者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)缋’，谓衣(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)布(bu)(bu)而(er)又(you)画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，郑(zheng)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经所执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)与(yu)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)同，欲见饰(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)雉下(xia)，执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无饰(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见天(tian)子(zi)士(shi)(shi)、诸侯(hou)(hou)士(shi)(shi)同，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)无布(bu)(bu)饰(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)(shi)卑，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)。又(you)引(yin)《士(shi)(shi)相(xiang)见》已(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子(zi)、诸侯(hou)(hou)、卿(qing)、大夫饰(shi)(shi)挚(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异(yi)(yi)，明(ming)天(tian)子(zi)孤(gu)、诸侯(hou)(hou)孤(gu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。此(ci)约(yue)卿(qing)、大夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)孤(gu)。无正文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)“与(yu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)孤(gu)卿(qing)大夫士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)挚(zhi)(zhi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)数”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)(dan)天(tian)子(zi)孤(gu)卿(qing)六命(ming)(ming)，大夫四命(ming)(ming)，上(shang)士(shi)(shi)三命(ming)(ming)，中士(shi)(shi)再命(ming)(ming)，下(xia)士(shi)(shi)一命(ming)(ming)；诸侯(hou)(hou)孤(gu)四命(ming)(ming)，公侯(hou)(hou)伯卿(qing)三命(ming)(ming)，大夫再命(ming)(ming)，士(shi)(shi)一命(ming)(ming)；子(zi)男(nan)卿(qing)再命(ming)(ming)，大夫一命(ming)(ming)，士(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)命(ming)(ming)。但(dan)(dan)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)称孤(gu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帛(bo)(bo)，爵(jue)(jue)(jue)称卿(qing)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羔，爵(jue)(jue)(jue)大夫皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雁爵(jue)(jue)(jue)，称士(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雉，庶人(ren)已(yi)下(xia)虽(sui)无命(ming)(ming)数及爵(jue)(jue)(jue)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹜。天(tian)子(zi)诸侯(hou)(hou)下(xia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)同，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)数”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡挚(zhi)(zhi)无庭(ting)实”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《士(shi)(shi)相(xiang)见》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见有(you)(you)庭(ting)实，对享、私觌、私面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等有(you)(you)庭(ting)实，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)言(yan)无也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以玉作六器，以礼天地四方。（礼，谓始告神时荐於神坐。《书》曰“周公植璧秉圭”是也。
○坐，才卧反(fan)，後“神坐”放此。植，音(yin)值，又(you)时(shi)力反(fan)，又(you)音(yin)置。）
[疏]注“礼谓”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：言(yan)“作六(liu)器(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)据礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)则曰(yue)(yue)器(qi)(qi)，上文(wen)人执(zhi)则曰(yue)(yue)瑞，对此(ci)文(wen)义(yi)尔。若(ruo)通而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)，礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)虽(sui)不得言(yan)瑞，人执(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦曰(yue)(yue)器(qi)(qi)，故《聘(pin)礼(li)(li)(li)》云：“圭(gui)(gui)璋璧(bi)(bi)琮，凡四(si)器(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯其(qi)所宝，以(yi)聘(pin)可也(ye)。”《尚书》亦以(yi)五瑞为(wei)五器(qi)(qi)，卒乃复，是(shi)其(qi)人执(zhi)亦曰(yue)(yue)器(qi)(qi)也(ye)。云“礼(li)(li)(li)，谓始(shi)告(gao)神(shen)(shen)(shen)时荐(jian)於(wu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)坐”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)以(yi)玉礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，在作乐(le)下神(shen)(shen)(shen)後，故郑注《大司乐(le)》云：“先奏是(shi)乐(le)，以(yi)致其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)玉而焉。”是(shi)其(qi)以(yi)玉礼(li)(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，与宗庙(miao)同(tong)节。若(ruo)然，祭(ji)天当实柴(chai)之(zhi)(zhi)节也(ye)。云“《书》曰(yue)(yue)周公植璧(bi)(bi)秉(bing)圭(gui)(gui)是(shi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)《金》文(wen)。彼以(yi)周公请天代武王(wang)死之(zhi)(zhi)说，为(wei)三坛同(tong)单，又(you)为(wei)坛於(wu)南(nan)方(fang)，周公於(wu)前立焉，告(gao)大王(wang)、王(wang)季、文(wen)王(wang)，故植璧(bi)(bi)於(wu)三王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)坐，秉(bing)桓圭(gui)(gui)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证植璧(bi)(bi)於(wu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)坐之(zhi)(zhi)侧事也(ye)。
以苍璧礼天，以黄琮礼地，以青圭礼东方，以赤璋礼南方，以白琥礼西方，以玄璜礼北方，（此礼天以冬至，谓天皇大帝，在北极者也。礼地以夏至，谓神在昆仑者也。礼东方以立春，谓苍精之帝，而太昊、句芒食焉。礼南方以立夏，谓赤精之帝，而炎帝、祝融食焉。礼西方以立秋，谓白精之帝，而少昊、蓐收食焉。礼北方以立冬，谓黑精之帝，而颛顼、玄冥食焉。礼神者必象其类：璧圜，象天；琮八方，象地；圭锐，象春物初生；半圭曰璋，象夏物半死；琥猛象秋严；半璧曰璜，象冬闭藏，地上无物，唯天半见。
○琮，才宗反(fan)。璋，音(yin)(yin)章。琥(hu)，音(yin)(yin)虎。璜(huang)，音(yin)(yin)黄。昆(kun)，户本(ben)反(fan)，本(ben)又作{山昆(kun)}，音(yin)(yin)昆(kun)。仑，音(yin)(yin)伦，本(ben)又作仑，鲁门反(fan)。）
[疏]注“此礼”至“半见”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)礼(li)(li)天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬(dong)至(zhi)，谓(wei)天(tian)皇大帝(di)(di)(di)，在(zai)(zai)北极者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，青圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)已下(xia)有五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)，明(ming)此(ci)苍璧(bi)(bi)礼(li)(li)天(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)冬(dong)至(zhi)祭圆(yuan)丘(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《大司乐(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雷鼓雷鼗，《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞，冬(dong)日至(zhi)，於(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)乐(le)六(liu)变(bian)，则天(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)皆降”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏(xia)至(zhi)，谓(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)在(zai)(zai)昆仑(lun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，昆仑(lun)与昊天(tian)相对，苍璧(bi)(bi)礼(li)(li)昊天(tian)，明(ming)黄(huang)琮(cong)礼(li)(li)昆仑(lun)大地(di)(di)(di)(di)可知，故(gu)(gu)(gu)《大司乐(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)灵鼓灵鼗，夏(xia)日至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)泽中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)丘(qiu)奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)乐(le)八(ba)变(bian)，则地(di)(di)(di)(di)示(shi)皆出(chu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)则主(zhu)北辰，地(di)(di)(di)(di)示(shi)则主(zhu)昆仑(lun)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)即与此(ci)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)东方(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立春(chun)(chun)，谓(wei)苍精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)已下(xia)皆据《月令(ling)》，四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)迎气(qi)(qi)，皆在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立春(chun)(chun)、立夏(xia)、立秋(qiu)(qiu)、立冬(dong)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知皆配以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)据《月令(ling)》四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)十二月皆陈(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)。彼(bi)止(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)告朔於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)及(ji)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)迎气(qi)(qi)配天(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)言。告朔於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)，告五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)，告五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，配以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)王、武王。必知迎气(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)有五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其告朔入明(ming)堂(tang)，至(zhi)秋(qiu)(qiu)总享五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)明(ming)堂(tang)，皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)配天(tian)。若(ruo)然，迎气(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)，还是(shi)(shi)(shi)迎五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)知五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)亦(yi)(yi)配祭可知。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其自外至(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无主(zhu)不(bu)止(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)配也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言苍精、赤精、白精、黑精者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆据《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬(wei)·运斗枢(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大微宫有五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)座星。《文(wen)(wen)耀钩》亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)灵威(wei)仰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)而(er)(er)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必象(xiang)其类(lei)(lei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即“璧(bi)(bi)圜”已下(xia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)其类(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“肉(rou)倍(bei)好(hao)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)璧(bi)(bi)，好(hao)倍(bei)肉(rou)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑗(yuan)，肉(rou)好(hao)若(ruo)一谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)环。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)璧(bi)(bi)圜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“琮(cong)八(ba)方(fang)(fang)象(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)圜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)对地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)有四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)锐(rui)，象(xiang)春(chun)(chun)物初生”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《杂记》：“《赞大行》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)剡上，左右各(ge)寸半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)锐(rui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)璋(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)：《典瑞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四(si)(si)(si)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)有邸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀天(tian)，两(liang)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)有邸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀地(di)(di)(di)(di)。”两(liang)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)四(si)(si)(si)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)璧(bi)(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀日月”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)两(liang)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“璋(zhang)邸射，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀山川”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)璋(zhang)又半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)一圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)璋(zhang)。《公羊传(chuan)》亦(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宝(bao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何，璋(zhang)判白”。亦(yi)(yi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)璋(zhang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)万物半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)死(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，夏(xia)时(shi)(shi)荠麦死(si)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)死(si)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“琥(hu)猛(meng)象(xiang)秋(qiu)(qiu)严(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)琥(hu)形，猛(meng)属西方(fang)(fang)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)秋(qiu)(qiu)严(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)璧(bi)(bi)曰(yue)(yue)璜”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《逸礼(li)(li)记》文(wen)(wen)。似半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)璋(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)闭藏，地(di)(di)(di)(di)上无物，唯天(tian)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)见(jian)(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，列宿为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)文(wen)(wen)，草木(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)。冬(dong)时(shi)(shi)草木(mu)枯落(luo)，唯天(tian)上列宿仍在(zai)(zai)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)唯天(tian)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)见(jian)(jian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)用半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)璧(bi)(bi)曰(yue)(yue)璜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)六(liu)玉(yu)所用，则上璧(bi)(bi)下(xia)琮(cong)。案(an)《觐礼(li)(li)》加方(fang)(fang)明(ming)，东方(fang)(fang)圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，南方(fang)(fang)璋(zhang)，西方(fang)(fang)琥(hu)，北方(fang)(fang)璜，与此(ci)同。唯上圭(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)下(xia)璧(bi)(bi)与此(ci)违者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑彼(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苍璧(bi)(bi)，下(xia)宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)琮(cong)，而(er)(er)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)非天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)贵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)日月，故(gu)(gu)(gu)陈(chen)玉(yu)与此(ci)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)经(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)见(jian)(jian)中央含枢(shu)纽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)迎气(qi)(qi)皆在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)，《小宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兆五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)郑”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)南郊(jiao)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)玄而(er)(er)地(di)(di)(di)(di)黄(huang)。”今地(di)(di)(di)(di)用黄(huang)琮(cong)，依(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)色，而(er)(er)天(tian)用玄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，苍、玄皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)色，故(gu)(gu)(gu)用苍也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
皆有牲币，各放其器之色。（币以从爵，若人饮酒有酬币。
○放，方往(wang)反(fan)。）
[疏]“皆有”至“之色”
○释曰：言“皆”，则上六玉所礼者皆有牲与币也。言“各放其器之色”，则上苍璧等六器，所有牲币，各放此币之色。
○注“币以”至“酬币”
○释曰：知币(bi)(bi)是从(cong)爵非礼(li)神(shen)(shen)者，若(ruo)是礼(li)神(shen)(shen)，当在牲(sheng)上，以其(qi)礼(li)神(shen)(shen)，币(bi)(bi)与玉(yu)俱设(she)。若(ruo)《肆师》云：“立大祀，用玉(yu)帛(bo)牲(sheng)。”是帛(bo)在牲(sheng)上。今在下(xia)，明(ming)(ming)非礼(li)神(shen)(shen)者也(ye)。云“若(ruo)人(ren)饮(yin)酒有(you)酬币(bi)(bi)”者，献(xian)尸从(cong)爵之(zhi)币(bi)(bi)无文，故以生(sheng)人(ren)饮(yin)酒之(zhi)礼(li)况之(zhi)。案：聘礼(li)飨礼(li)有(you)酬币(bi)(bi)，明(ming)(ming)此币(bi)(bi)既非礼(li)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)币(bi)(bi)，则献(xian)尸後酬尸时，亦有(you)币(bi)(bi)之(zhi)从(cong)爵也(ye)。
以天产作阴德，以中礼防之；以地产作阳德，以和乐防之。（郑司农云：“阴德，谓男女之情，天性生而自然者。过时则奔随，先时则血气未定，圣人为制其中，令民三十而娶，女二十而嫁，以防其淫，令无失德。情性隐而不露，故谓之阴德。阳德，谓分地利以致富。富者之失，不骄奢则吝啬，故以和乐防之。乐所以涤荡邪秽，道人之正性者也。一说地产谓土地之性各异，若齐性舒缓，楚性急悍，则以和乐防其失，令无失德，乐所以移风易俗者也。此皆露见於外，故谓之阳德。阳德、阴德不失其正，则民和而物各得其理，故曰以谐万民，以致百物。”玄谓天产者动物，谓六牲之属；地产者植物，谓九之属。阴德，阴气在人者。阴气虚，纯之则劣，故食动物，作之使动，过则伤性，制中礼以节之。阳德，阳气在人者。阳气盈，纯之则躁，故食植物，作之使静，过则伤性，制和乐以节之。如是然後阴阳平，情性和，而能育其类。
○为制，于伪(wei)反。其(qi)中，丁仲反，又(you)如字(zi)。令，力呈(cheng)反，下(xia)同。淫失，如字(zi)，本亦作佚。涤，徒历反。邪(xie)，似嗟反。道人，音(yin)导(dao)。悍，户反，刘音(yin)旱，戚音(yin)胡板(ban)反。）
[疏]注“郑司”至“其类”
○释曰：天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)、地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)与阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德、阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德，无正文，故(gu)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)生自然(ran)(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)、地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)相(xiang)(xiang)对，产(chan)(chan)(chan)，生也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)生，谓(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)配合而(er)(er)生，不(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)营(ying)造，当是(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)(sheng)。地(di)(di)生，谓(wei)(wei)由(you)人(ren)营(ying)种，即(ji)植物(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)、地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德、阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)言德者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)在身为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德，今先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分地(di)(di)利以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)富，以(yi)(yi)(yi)身外解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)露见”自相(xiang)(xiang)违，即(ji)知(zhi)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)男(nan)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情亦非。故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)据人(ren)身阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)一说地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)谓(wei)(wei)土地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)说地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)，与天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)而(er)(er)自然(ran)(ran)何异？故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又云(yun)(yun)“故(gu)曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)谐万(wan)(wan)民，以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)百物(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取下(xia)文释此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)动(dong)(dong)物(wu)，谓(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，马、牛、羊、豕、犬、鸡(ji)，并自然(ran)(ran)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)配合而(er)(er)生，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)。然(ran)(ran)万(wan)(wan)物(wu)蠢(chun)动(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)自然(ran)(ran)配合，独(du)(du)言六(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)作(zuo)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德，据人(ren)所(suo)膳食(shi)，作(zuo)动(dong)(dong)身中(zhong)(zhong)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德，故(gu)据六(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)植物(wu)，谓(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，九(jiu)(jiu)并是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)所(suo)种植，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)植物(wu)。然(ran)(ran)草木皆(jie)地(di)(di)产(chan)(chan)(chan)，今独(du)(du)言九(jiu)(jiu)，亦据此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)作(zuo)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德，谓(wei)(wei)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)动(dong)(dong)人(ren)身中(zhong)(zhong)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德，故(gu)据九(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)德，阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)虚(xu)，纯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)劣(lie)，故(gu)食(shi)动(dong)(dong)物(wu)，作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)动(dong)(dong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)主(zhu)(zhu)消物(wu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)虚(xu)，纯虚(xu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)劣(lie)。动(dong)(dong)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，故(gu)须食(shi)动(dong)(dong)物(wu)六(liu)(liu)牲(sheng)(sheng)，作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)动(dong)(dong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“过(guo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伤(shang)性(xing)，制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)礼(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，过(guo)谓(wei)(wei)气(qi)(qi)(qi)大过(guo)。大过(guo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伤(shang)性(xing)，伤(shang)性(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)奢泰僭滥，故(gu)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)礼(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼(li)(li)言中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡人(ren)奢则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)僭上，俭则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)逼下(xia)，礼(li)(li)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，使(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)奢不(bu)(bu)(bu)逼，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“阳(yang)(yang)(yang)德，阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)在人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)盈(ying)，纯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)躁(zao)(zao)，故(gu)食(shi)殖物(wu)，作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)静(jing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《礼(li)(li)记(ji)·玉藻》云(yun)(yun)“颠实阳(yang)(yang)(yang)休”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)盈(ying)满，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)盈(ying)。纯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)躁(zao)(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)动(dong)(dong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)兼阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)，纯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)躁(zao)(zao)，故(gu)食(shi)植物(wu)，作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)静(jing)。知(zhi)植物(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见《聘礼(li)(li)》致(zhi)饔饩，醯在碑东，醢(hai)在碑西。醯是(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)植物(wu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)动(dong)(dong)、植相(xiang)(xiang)对，故(gu)动(dong)(dong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，植为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)醯、醢(hai)相(xiang)(xiang)对，故(gu)醯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，醢(hai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“过(guo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伤(shang)性(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)太(tai)静(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伤(shang)性(xing)，乐(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)，故(gu)制(zhi)和(he)乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)盈(ying)，案《乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)“乐(le)盈(ying)而(er)(er)反，以(yi)(yi)(yi)反为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文”，故(gu)乐(le)能损(sun)盈(ying)。阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)虚(xu)，《乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)“礼(li)(li)减(jian)而(er)(er)进，以(yi)(yi)(yi)进为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文”，故(gu)礼(li)(li)能济虚(xu)。云(yun)(yun)“如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)然(ran)(ran)後(hou)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)平(ping)，情性(xing)和(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)虚(xu)，济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)盈(ying)，阳(yang)(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)盈(ying)，损(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)虚(xu)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)平(ping)，情性(xing)和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“而(er)(er)能育其类”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)下(xia)文“合天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化”已(yi)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以礼乐合天地之化、百物之产，以事鬼神，以谐万民，以致百物。（礼济虚，乐损盈，并行则四者乃得其和。能生非类曰化，生其种曰产。
○种(zhong)，章勇反。）
[疏]“以礼”至“百物”
○释曰：上文云中礼和乐，是礼乐教世法，故此经以礼乐并行以教，使之得所，万物感化，则能合天地之化，谓能生非类也。又能生其种，故云百物之产。又以礼乐事鬼神，则《尚书》云“祖考来格”之等是也。云“以谐万民”者，则《尚书》云“庶尹允谐”是也。云“以致百物”者，则《尚书》云“百兽率舞之等”是也。
○注“礼济”至“曰产”
○释曰：“礼(li)(li)济虚(xu)，乐损(sun)盈(ying)”，此《乐记》所云(yun)“礼(li)(li)减而(er)进(jin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)进(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)济虚(xu)。进(jin)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)济益，是(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)当济益其虚(xu)，使(shi)之(zhi)实满。又(you)云(yun)“乐盈(ying)而(er)反(fan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反(fan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)乐损(sun)盈(ying)。反(fan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)抑(yi)止，是(shi)(shi)乐当自(zi)抑(yi)止，使(shi)盈(ying)而(er)不(bu)放(fang)溢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“并行(xing)则(ze)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃得其和(he)(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言并行(xing)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li)乐并行(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教世，则(ze)天地(di)之(zhi)间，使(shi)不(bu)盈(ying)不(bu)虚(xu)，折中(zhong)(zhong)得所，则(ze)四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃得其和(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天地(di)之(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、百(bai)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)产共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事鬼神为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谐万民(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致百(bai)物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知化(hua)(hua)(hua)产共为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其化(hua)(hua)(hua)与产气类(lei)相(xiang)似(si)，故为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“能生(sheng)(sheng)非(fei)类(lei)曰化(hua)(hua)(hua)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡(fan)言变化(hua)(hua)(hua)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，变化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)将(jiang)，先(xian)变後化(hua)(hua)(hua)，故《中(zhong)(zhong)庸》云(yun)：“动(dong)(dong)则(ze)变，变则(ze)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。”郑云(yun)：“动(dong)(dong)，动(dong)(dong)人心也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；变，改(gai)恶(e)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。变之(zhi)久，则(ze)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)性善(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)与鸠化(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鹰之(zhi)等，皆谓(wei)(wei)(wei)身在(zai)而(er)心化(hua)(hua)(hua)。若(ruo)田(tian)鼠化(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)β，雀雉化(hua)(hua)(hua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蛤蜃之(zhi)等，皆据(ju)身亦化(hua)(hua)(hua)，故云(yun)能生(sheng)(sheng)非(fei)类(lei)曰化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易》云(yun)“乾道变化(hua)(hua)(hua)”，亦是(shi)(shi)先(xian)变後化(hua)(hua)(hua)，变化(hua)(hua)(hua)相(xiang)将(jiang)之(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“生(sheng)(sheng)其种曰产”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，卵生(sheng)(sheng)、胎生(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)万物(wu)(wu)草木，但如本者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆曰产也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡祀大神，享大鬼，祭大示，帅执事而卜日，宿，氐涤濯，莅玉鬯，省牲镬，奉玉，诏大号，治其大礼，诏相王之大礼。（执事，诸有事於祭者。宿，申戒也。涤濯，溉祭器也。玉，礼神之玉也。始莅之，祭又奉之。镬，烹牲器也。大号，六号之大者，以诏大祝，以为祝辞。治，犹简习也。豫简习大礼，至祭，当以诏相王。群臣礼为小礼。故书“莅”作“立”。郑司农读为“莅”。莅，视也。
○省(sheng)，本又作眚，同(tong)息(xi)井反(fan)，後(hou)“省(sheng)牲镬”皆同(tong)。镬，户郭反(fan)。，音咨，下同(tong)。诏相，息(xi)亮反(fan)，注(zhu)下同(tong)。後(hou)“诏相”皆放此(ci)。溉，古爱反(fan)，本或作扌既。亨，普庚反(fan)。）
[疏]“凡祀”至“大礼”
○释曰：此亦法三才，故“享大鬼”在其中。“帅执事而卜日”者，谓祭三者鬼神之时，祭前十日，大宗伯先帅执事有事於祭者，共卜取吉日，乃齐。云“宿，视涤濯”者，谓祭前一宿，视所涤濯祭器，看洁净以否。云“莅玉鬯”者，天地有礼神之玉，无郁鬯；宗庙无礼神之玉，而有郁鬯。但宗庙虽无礼神玉，仍有圭瓒、璋瓒，亦是玉。故《曲礼》云“玉曰嘉玉”，《郊特牲》云“用玉气”是也。云“省牲镬”者，当省视烹牲之镬。云“奉玉”者，此玉还是上文所莅者。谓黍稷，天地当盛以瓦。但与上鬯互见为义，皆始时临之，祭又奉之。“诏大号”者，谓大宗伯告大祝出祝辞也。云“治其大礼”者，谓天地人之鬼神祭礼，王亲行之为大礼，对下小宗伯治小礼为小也。“诏相王之大礼”者，谓未至之时诏告之，及其行事则又相之。
○注“执事”至“视也”
○释曰(yue)：案(an)(an)《大(da)(da)宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祀(si)(si)五(wu)帝(di)，前期十日，帅执事(shi)(shi)而(er)卜日。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“执事(shi)(shi)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)、大(da)(da)卜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“执事(shi)(shi)，诸有事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)。”二(er)注(zhu)不(bu)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)，以其大(da)(da)宰(zai)不(bu)掌祭(ji)事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)执事(shi)(shi)；大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)、大(da)(da)卜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，卜日而(er)已(yi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)主祭(ji)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)总诸有事(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“涤(di)濯，溉祭(ji)器(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)涤(di)濯止(zhi)是(shi)荡涤(di)，以《少牢(lao)》有扌既祭(ji)器(qi)(qi)，故(gu)(gu)据(ju)(ju)而(er)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，扌既即(ji)拭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)，礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)苍璧、黄琮、青圭、赤璋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，及四圭、两圭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，皆是(shi)礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)置於(wu)(wu)神(shen)(shen)坐(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《九(jiu)嫔(pin)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“赞(zan)(zan)玉(yu)(yu)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“玉(yu)(yu)，玉(yu)(yu)敦，盛黍稷。”与此(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)玉(yu)(yu)为(wei)礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)，即(ji)非(fei)玉(yu)(yu)敦所(suo)(suo)饰。注(zhu)不(bu)同(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)九(jiu)嫔(pin)所(suo)(suo)赞(zan)(zan)，赞(zan)(zan)后设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，据(ju)(ju)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)无礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)玉(yu)(yu)，则玉(yu)(yu)不(bu)得别解，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)玉(yu)(yu)敦。此(ci)(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)天地为(wei)主，有礼(li)(li)神(shen)(shen)玉(yu)(yu)，故(gu)(gu)与别释也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祝(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)帝(di)，赞(zan)(zan)玉(yu)(yu)币爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“三者(zhe)(zhe)，执以从玉(yu)(yu)，至而(er)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”彼(bi)所(suo)(suo)执据(ju)(ju)五(wu)帝(di)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)奉(feng)据(ju)(ju)昊天与昆仑，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“始莅(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，祭(ji)又(you)奉(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)据(ju)(ju)上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)莅(li)(li)，莅(li)(li)，临视(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，直(zhi)视(shi)看(kan)而(er)已(yi)。下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)奉(feng)，据(ju)(ju)手执授王，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祭(ji)又(you)奉(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“镬，亨牲器(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《特牲》、《少牢(lao)》镬即(ji)爨，在(zai)庙(miao)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外东壁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓若《大(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“辨六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，一(yi)曰(yue)神(shen)(shen)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，二(er)曰(yue)示号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，三曰(yue)鬼号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，四曰(yue)牲号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，五(wu)曰(yue)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)币号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，是(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以诏(zhao)(zhao)大(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)，以为(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)辞(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诏(zhao)(zhao)大(da)(da)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)”，大(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)事(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，又(you)辨六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)号(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，故(gu)(gu)知所(suo)(suo)诏(zhao)(zhao)是(shi)诏(zhao)(zhao)大(da)(da)祝(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)祝(zhu)(zhu)辞(ci)(ci)。祝(zhu)(zhu)辞(ci)(ci)，则祝(zhu)(zhu)版之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群臣(chen)礼(li)(li)为(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)礼(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)，则小(xiao)(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)、小(xiao)(xiao)祝(zhu)(zhu)行者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
若王不与祭祀，则摄位。（王有故，代行其祭事。
○与，音预，下同。）
[疏]注“王有”至“祭事”
○释曰：摄(she)训(xun)为代。有故者(zhe)，谓王(wang)(wang)有疾及哀惨皆是也。《量人(ren)》云：“凡宰祭(ji)，与郁人(ren)受嘏，历而皆饮之。”注云：“言(yan)宰祭(ji)者(zhe)，冢宰佐王(wang)(wang)祭(ji)，亦容摄(she)祭(ji)。”此宗(zong)(zong)伯又摄(she)者(zhe)，冢宰贰(er)王(wang)(wang)治事(shi)，宗(zong)(zong)伯主祭(ji)事(shi)，容二(er)官(guan)俱摄(she)，故两言(yan)之。
凡大祭祀，王后不与，则(ze)摄而荐豆笾(bian)彻(che)。（荐彻(che)豆笾(bian)，王后之(zhi)事。）
[疏]“凡大”至“笾彻”
○释曰(yue)：天地及社稷(ji)外神(shen)等，后(hou)夫人不与。此言(yan)“凡大祭祀，王(wang)后(hou)不与”，谓后(hou)应与而(er)不与。又云大祭祀，明非群小祀，则大祀者唯宗(zong)庙而(er)已(yi)。“则摄(she)(she)而(er)荐豆笾(bian)彻”者，郑云“荐彻豆笾(bian)，王(wang)后(hou)之事”，是(shi)王(wang)后(hou)有故(gu)，宗(zong)伯摄(she)(she)为之。凡祭祀，皆先荐後彻，故(gu)退彻文(wen)在下也。
大宾客，则摄而载果。（载，为也。果读为。代王宾客以鬯。君无酌臣之礼，言为者，摄酌献耳，拜送则王也。郑司农云：“王不亲为主。”
○果，音，又(you)古(gu)乱反，出注，《小宗伯职(zhi)》放(fang)此。）
[疏]“大宾”至“载果”
○释曰：此大宾客，对文则宾客异，散文则通。故《大司徒》云：“大宾客，令野道委积。”是宾客为诸侯通也。《大行人》云：“大宾为五等诸侯。大客，即谓其臣。”是宾客异也。案《大行人》云：“上公之礼，再而酢。”此再者有后，则亦摄为之，内宰赞之。侯伯一而酢，子男一不酢。此皆无后，王不亲酌，则皆使大宰、宗伯摄而为之。
○注“载为”至“为主”
○释曰：知“代王(wang)宾(bin)客(ke)以(yi)(yi)鬯(chang)”者(zhe)(zhe)，见《郁(yu)人》宗(zong)庙(miao)及宾(bin)客(ke)皆以(yi)(yi)郁(yu)实彝而陈之(zhi)，即《大(da)行人》所云(yun)，与此皆用郁(yu)鬯(chang)也。云(yun)“君(jun)无酌(zhuo)臣之(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)，见《燕(yan)礼(li)》、《大(da)射》，诸(zhu)侯礼(li)皆使(shi)大(da)夫为宾(bin)，宰夫为主(zhu)人，是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)侯君(jun)不(bu)酌(zhuo)臣。此大(da)宾(bin)客(ke)遣大(da)宗(zong)伯代，是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)子君(jun)亦不(bu)酌(zhuo)臣也。云(yun)“言为者(zhe)(zhe)，摄酌(zhuo)献耳(er)，拜送则王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)言代而为，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)不(bu)拜。案《乡饮酒》、《燕(yan)礼(li)》、《大(da)射》，宾(bin)主(zhu)献酢皆拜送，其(qi)送是(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)自(zi)为之(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)恭敬之(zhi)事不(bu)可使(shi)人故也。引司农在下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)亲为主(zhu)，即君(jun)不(bu)酌(zhuo)臣，义合，故引之(zhi)在下(xia)也。
朝觐会同，则为上相，大丧亦如之，王哭诸侯亦如之。（相，诏王礼也。出接宾曰摈，入诏礼曰相。相者五人，卿为上摈。大丧，王后及世子也。哭诸侯者，谓薨於国，为位而哭之。《檀弓》曰：“天子之哭诸侯也，爵弁，缁衣。”
○曰摈，必(bi)刃反(fan)，本或(huo)作宾(bin)，同(tong)。缁，侧其反(fan)。）
[疏]“朝觐”至“如之”
○释曰：朝觐会同，即兼四时朝觐。云“则为上相”者，此则《大行人》云“上公之礼，摈者五人，侯伯四人，子男三人”是也。云“大丧亦如之”者，后及世子丧，王为此主哭及拜宾，则宗伯亦为上相也。云“哭诸侯亦如之”者，谓诸侯薨於本国，赴告天子，天子为位哭之，大宗伯亦为上相，与王为摈耳。
○注“相诏”至“缁衣”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)“相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，诏(zhao)王(wang)(wang)礼(li)(li)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经三事为(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，皆是诏(zhao)告王(wang)(wang)礼(li)(li)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“出接宾曰(yue)(yue)摈(bin)(bin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据《大(da)(da)行(xing)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)摈(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)人(ren)、四人(ren)、三人(ren)而言(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“入(ru)诏(zhao)礼(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)据《司仪(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“每门止一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，及庙(miao)，唯上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)入(ru)。”是入(ru)庙(miao)诏(zhao)礼(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，此(ci)对(dui)文义尔。通而言(yan)之(zhi)，出入(ru)皆称摈(bin)(bin)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)人(ren)，卿为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)摈(bin)(bin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，依《大(da)(da)行(xing)人(ren)》据上(shang)(shang)公(gong)而言(yan)，此(ci)大(da)(da)宗伯为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)摈(bin)(bin)．若大(da)(da)朝(chao)觐，则肆师为(wei)(wei)(wei)承摈(bin)(bin)；四时来朝(chao)，小(xiao)行(xing)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)承摈(bin)(bin)。案《觐礼(li)(li)》，啬夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)末摈(bin)(bin)。若待子男，则三人(ren)足(zu)矣(yi)。若侯伯四人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，加一(yi)士；上(shang)(shang)公(gong)五(wu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，加二士。今(jin)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)人(ren)，卿为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)摈(bin)(bin)”。据此(ci)，大(da)(da)宗伯是卿，故指此(ci)上(shang)(shang)摈(bin)(bin)而言(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)丧，王(wang)(wang)及后世(shi)(shi)子也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其与王(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，则王(wang)(wang)在矣(yi)。而云(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)丧，明是王(wang)(wang)后及世(shi)(shi)子矣(yi)。亦得见大(da)(da)丧所相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)或嗣王(wang)(wang)，则大(da)(da)丧中(zhong)兼(jian)王(wang)(wang)丧也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“哭(ku)诸(zhu)侯者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)薨於(wu)国，为(wei)(wei)(wei)位而哭(ku)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若来朝(chao)，薨於(wu)王(wang)(wang)国，则王(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)缌麻(ma)(ma)，不(bu)(bu)应(ying)直哭(ku)之(zhi)而已(yi)，故引《檀(tan)弓》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子之(zhi)哭(ku)诸(zhu)侯也(ye)，爵弁，缁衣”。案：彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“麻(ma)(ma)不(bu)(bu)加於(wu)采”，，衍字，以(yi)其遥(yao)哭(ku)诸(zhu)侯，著爵弁缁衣而已(yi)，不(bu)(bu)合(he)加麻(ma)(ma)於(wu)缁衣爵弁之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)。
王命诸侯，则傧。（傧，进之也。王将出命，假祖庙，立依前，南乡。傧者进，当命者延之，命使登。内史由王右以策命之。降，再拜稽首；登，受策以出，此其略也。诸侯爵禄其臣，则於祭焉。
○假，音格，至(zhi)也(ye)。依，於岂反(fan)。乡，许亮(liang)反(fan)。策(ce)，初革反(fan)。）
[疏]注“傧进”至“祭焉”
○释(shi)曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)“傧(bin)，进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，故(gu)知傧(bin)谓进使(shi)前以(yi)(yi)受(shou)策(ce)(ce)(ce)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)将出命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，假祖庙(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)，若诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣，则(ze)因祭(ji)(ji)(ji)宗庙(miao)(miao)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)统(tong)》十伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，六曰“见(jian)爵赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施(shi)焉(yan)”。故(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，一献(xian)，君降立(li)于阼阶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)乡(xiang)所(suo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)，再拜(bai)受(shou)书(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)归(gui)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)於也(ye)，发爵赐(ci)服，顺(shun)阳(yang)义(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣，必於祭(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)。若天子命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣，不要在祭(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)，欲(yu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)臣，当(dang)特(te)为祭(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)《洛诰》成王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)周(zhou)公後云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)岁(sui)，文(wen)王(wang)(wang)も牛一，武王(wang)(wang)も牛一，王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作策(ce)(ce)(ce)逸祝策(ce)(ce)(ce)，惟告周(zhou)公其後。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“告神周(zhou)公宜立(li)後，谓封(feng)伯(bo)(bo)禽。”是(shi)(shi)非时(shi)而特(te)假祖庙(miao)(miao)，故(gu)文(wen)、武各特(te)牛也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“立(li)依(yi)(yi)(yi)前，南(nan)(nan)(nan)乡(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)案《司几筵(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大朝觐、大飨(xiang)射，凡封(feng)国命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，王(wang)(wang)位设(she)黼，依(yi)(yi)(yi)依(yi)(yi)(yi)前南(nan)(nan)(nan)乡(xiang)。”是(shi)(shi)立(li)依(yi)(yi)(yi)前南(nan)(nan)(nan)乡(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“傧(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)进，当(dang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使(shi)登，内史(shi)(shi)由王(wang)(wang)右(you)以(yi)(yi)策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。降，再拜(bai)稽首(shou)，登，受(shou)策(ce)(ce)(ce)以(yi)(yi)出”者(zhe)(zhe)，史(shi)(shi)由王(wang)(wang)右(you)以(yi)(yi)策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)案《觐礼》，天子使(shi)公与(yu)史(shi)(shi)就馆赐(ci)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)氏命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)服时(shi)，史(shi)(shi)由公右(you)，执(zhi)策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又案《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)统(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)，一献(xian)，君降立(li)於阼阶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)乡(xiang)，所(suo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)北面，史(shi)(shi)由君右(you)，执(zhi)策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，再拜(bai)稽首(shou)，受(shou)书(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)归(gui)。”天子无降立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，其馀(yu)则(ze)同。命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)(shi)，当(dang)王(wang)(wang)右(you)以(yi)(yi)策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“降，再拜(bai)稽首(shou)，登，受(shou)以(yi)(yi)出”，约僖二十八(ba)年王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。案彼传云(yun)(yun)(yun)，王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)内史(shi)(shi)叔兴父策(ce)(ce)(ce)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)，当(dang)时(shi)晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)降，再拜(bai)稽首(shou)，登，受(shou)策(ce)(ce)(ce)以(yi)(yi)出。据(ju)彼文(wen)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)其略(lve)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，但命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，其时(shi)威(wei)仪更有委曲，今(jin)所(suo)言(yan)不载，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)略(lve)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵禄其臣，则(ze)於祭(ji)(ji)(ji)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)统(tong)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
国(guo)有大故，则旅上帝(di)及四(si)(si)望。（故，谓凶灾。旅，陈也。陈其(qi)祭事以(yi)祈(qi)焉，礼不如(ru)祀(si)之(zhi)备也。上帝(di)，五(wu)帝(di)也。郑司农云：“四(si)(si)望，日(ri)、月、星(xing)、海。”玄谓四(si)(si)望，五(wu)岳(yue)、四(si)(si)镇、四(si)(si)渎。）
[疏]注“故谓”至“四渎”
○释曰(yue)：此旅是祈(qi)祷之(zhi)名，是以知(zhi)(zhi)是凶灾(zai)。凶，谓年不(bu)(bu)熟。灾(zai)，谓水(shui)火(huo)也(ye)(ye)。云“旅，陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)其祭(ji)(ji)事以祈(qi)焉(yan)，礼(li)不(bu)(bu)如祀(si)之(zhi)备”者(zhe)，但(dan)祈(qi)谓祈(qi)请求(qiu)福，得(de)福，乃祠(ci)赛之(zhi)，祠(ci)赛则(ze)备而与(yu)正祭(ji)(ji)同，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)不(bu)(bu)如祀(si)之(zhi)备也(ye)(ye)。云“上帝(di)(di)，五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，案《礼(li)器》云“祀(si)帝(di)(di)於郊，而风雨(yu)寒(han)暑(shu)时”，风雨(yu)寒(han)暑(shu)，非(fei)一(yi)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)所能为，此祈(qi)请，亦是求(qiu)风雨(yu)寒(han)暑(shu)时非(fei)一(yi)帝(di)(di)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)是五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)司(si)农云：“四(si)(si)望，日、月、星、海(hai)。”後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)从者(zhe)，礼(li)无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)海(hai)之(zhi)文。又山(shan)川称(cheng)望，故(gu)《尚书》云“望秩(zhi)于山(shan)川”是也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓四(si)(si)望，五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)、四(si)(si)镇、四(si)(si)渎”，知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)山(shan)川既称(cheng)望。案《大(da)司(si)乐》有(you)四(si)(si)镇、五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)崩，四(si)(si)渎又与(yu)五(wu)(wu)岳(yue)相配，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)望中有(you)此三者(zhe)。言(yan)四(si)(si)望者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)可一(yi)往(wang)就祭(ji)(ji)，当四(si)(si)向望而为坛(tan)，遥祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)。故(gu)云四(si)(si)望也(ye)(ye)。
王大封，则先告(gao)后土(tu)。（后土(tu)，土(tu)神也。黎所食者。）
[疏]注“后土”至“食者”
○释曰：大封(feng)，谓若(ruo)《典(dian)命》公(gong)八命，卿六命，大夫(fu)(fu)四命其(qi)出封(feng)皆加一(yi)等，是其(qi)大封(feng)之(zhi)事(shi)，对(dui)封(feng)公(gong)卿大夫(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)采邑者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小封(feng)。云(yun)“则先告后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)”者(zhe)，封(feng)是土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地之(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)先以礼(li)告后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，然(ran)後封(feng)之(zhi)也(ye)。注云(yun)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)，黎(li)所食(shi)者(zhe)”，言(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)有二。若(ruo)五行之(zhi)官(guan)，东方木官(guan)勾芒，中央土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，官(guan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，此等后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)官(guan)也(ye)。黎(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祝融兼(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，故(gu)云(yun)黎(li)所食(shi)者(zhe)。若(ruo)《左氏传》云(yun)“君戴皇天而履后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)”，彼(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，与此后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)同也(ye)。若(ruo)句(ju)龙生为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)官(guan)，死配社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，即以社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，其(qi)实社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是五土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)总神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，非后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，但以后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)食(shi)，世(shi)人(ren)(ren)因名社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)耳。此注本无言(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，写者(zhe)见《孝经》及诸文注多言(yan)(yan)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，因写此云(yun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。故(gu)郑答赵商云(yun)：“句(ju)龙本后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，後迁为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，王(wang)大封(feng)，先告后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。”玄云(yun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)。郑又答田(tian)琼云(yun)：“后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，古之(zhi)官(guan)名，死为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)而祭之(zhi)，故(gu)曰后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。句(ju)龙为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)官(guan)，後转为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，世(shi)人(ren)(ren)谓为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，无可怪(guai)。”此中后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)，圣人(ren)(ren)大平制礼(li)，岂得(de)(de)(de)以世(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)言(yan)(yan)著(zhu)大典(dian)，明(ming)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)。
乃颁祀于邦国都家乡邑。（“颁”读为“班”。班其所当祀及其礼。都家之乡邑，谓王子弟及公卿大夫所食采地。
○颁，音班。）
[疏]注“颁读”至“采地”
○释曰：云“颁读(du)为班”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)於《周礼》所有“颁”皆(jie)读(du)为“班”。班，谓(wei)布也(ye)。云“班其(qi)(qi)(qi)所当(dang)祀及其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼”者(zhe)(zhe)，但名位不同，礼亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异(yi)数。既班其(qi)(qi)(qi)祀，明亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)班礼与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)连言(yan)礼也(ye)。班礼，谓(wei)若(ruo)诸侯不得(de)祭(ji)(ji)天地(di)，唯(wei)祭(ji)(ji)社稷、宗庙、五(wu)祀之(zhi)(zhi)等；二王(wang)(wang)後(hou)与(yu)鲁，唯(wei)祭(ji)(ji)天，仍不得(de)祭(ji)(ji)地(di)。大(da)(da)都(dou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)外(wai)诸侯同其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼者(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)献尸，上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)九，侯伯(bo)七，子男五(wu)，皆(jie)大(da)(da)牢之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)小(xiao)都(dou)与(yu)家(jia)(jia)，则依(yi)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)献，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)牢也(ye)。云“都(dou)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)，谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)子弟(di)以(yi)下”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)恐(kong)经乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)六(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)六(liu)遂，非都(dou)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)内乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)，故(gu)以(yi)明之(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)都(dou)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)内乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)耳(er)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)家(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)内乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)，未(wei)必一(yi)如六(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)六(liu)遂家(jia)(jia)数，但采邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)内，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有二十(shi)五(wu)家(jia)(jia)为里以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，以(yi)相统领。故(gu)一(yi)成之(zhi)(zhi)内，得(de)有革车一(yi)乘，士十(shi)人(ren)，徒二十(shi)人(ren)，发兵及出税之(zhi)(zhi)法，即谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)邑(yi)(yi)也(ye)。谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)子弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)亲疏分於大(da)(da)都(dou)、小(xiao)都(dou)、家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)(yi)三(san)处食(shi)采地(di)。言(yan)及公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)采地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)《载师(shi)职》公(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)都(dou)、卿(qing)(qing)小(xiao)都(dou)、大(da)(da)夫(fu)家(jia)(jia)邑(yi)(yi)也(ye)。