●卷四
磬师(shi)掌教(jiao)(jiao)击磬,击编(bian)(bian)钟。(教(jiao)(jiao),教(jiao)(jiao)视了(le)也。磬亦编(bian)(bian),於锺言之者,锺有不编(bian)(bian),不编(bian)(bian)者锺师(shi)击之。杜子(zi)春读编(bian)(bian)为编(bian)(bian)书之编(bian)(bian)。)
[疏]注“教教”至“之编”
○释曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)“教(jiao)(jiao),教(jiao)(jiao)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)》职云(yun):“掌播鼗,击(ji)(ji)笙磬(qing)、颂磬(qing)。”若(ruo)然,视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),知(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)击(ji)(ji)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以磬(qing)是乐县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首,故(gu)特(te)举此(ci)言(yan)(yan),其(qi)实编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟亦(yi)(yi)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《师(shi)》注云(yun)“击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“磬(qing)亦(yi)(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),於(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以此(ci)经(jing)云(yun)击(ji)(ji)磬(qing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),则(ze)(ze)磬(qing)无不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),以其(qi)无可对,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。钟言(yan)(yan)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),则(ze)(ze)对不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)磬(qing)亦(yi)(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),於(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)自击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)必知(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),使(shi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)自击(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)言(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)击(ji)(ji)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)钟,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)视(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知(zhi)(zhi),是以《锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师(shi)》云(yun)“掌金奏”,又云(yun)“以锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)奏九夏”,明(ming)是锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),十二辰零锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)《书传》云(yun)“左(zuo)五(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),右五(wu)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”也(ye)(ye)。“杜子(zi)春读编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)为编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《史记(ji)》,孔子(zi)读《易》,韦(wei)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)三绝(jue)。是古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)未有(you)纸,皆以韦(wei)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)竹简(jian),此(ci)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)磬(qing)亦(yi)(yi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),十六枚在一ね,故(gu)读从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
教缦乐、燕乐之锺磬。(杜子春读缦为怠慢之慢。玄谓缦读为缦锦之缦,谓杂声之和乐者也。《学记》曰:“不学操缦,不能安弦。”燕乐,房中之乐,所谓阴声也。二乐皆教其锺磬。
○缦,莫(mo)半反,杜音慢。操,七曹反。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“锺磬”
○释曰:子春读“缦(man)(man)”为(wei)“慢”,後郑不从(cong)之也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)缦(man)(man)读为(wei)缦(man)(man)锦之缦(man)(man)”者,时有缦(man)(man)锦之言,依俗读之也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“谓(wei)杂声之和乐(le)者也(ye)(ye)”者,谓(wei)杂弄(nong)调和,引《学(xue)记》为(wei)证。按彼郑注云(yun)“操缦(man)(man),杂弄(nong)”,即(ji)今之调辞曲(qu),若不学(xue)调弦(xian),则(ze)不能安(an)意於弦(xian)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“燕乐(le),房(fang)中(zhong)之乐(le)”者,此即(ji)《关雎(ju)》、《二南》也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)之“房(fang)中(zhong)”者,房(fang)中(zhong),谓(wei)妇(fu)人。后妃(fei)以风喻君子之诗(shi),故谓(wei)之房(fang)中(zhong)之乐(le)。
凡祭祀,奏缦乐。
锺师掌金(jin)(jin)奏(zou)。(金(jin)(jin)奏(zou),击(ji)金(jin)(jin)以为(wei)奏(zou)乐之节。金(jin)(jin)谓锺及。)
[疏]注“金奏”至“及”
○释(shi)曰:此即(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong)师自击(ji)不编之锺(zhong)(zhong)。凡作乐,先击(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong),故郑云“金(jin)奏,击(ji)金(jin)以为奏乐之节”。是(shi)以下云“以锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓奏九(jiu)夏”,亦先云锺(zhong)(zhong)也。郑云“金(jin)谓锺(zhong)(zhong)及”者,以是(shi)二者皆不编,独县而已。
凡乐事,以锺鼓奏《九夏》:《王夏》、《肆夏》、《昭夏》、《纳夏》、《章夏》、《齐夏》、《族夏》、《礻戒夏》、《骜夏》。(以锺鼓者,先击锺,次击鼓以奏《九夏》。夏,大也,乐之大歌有九。故书“纳”作“内”,杜子春云:“内当为纳,礻戒读为陔鼓之陔。王出入奏《王夏》,尸出入奏《肆夏》,牲出入奏《昭夏》,四方宾来奏《纳夏》,臣有功奏《章夏》,夫人祭奏《齐夏》,族人侍奏《族夏》,客醉而出奏《陔夏》,公出入奏《骜夏》。《肆夏》,诗也。《春秋传》曰:‘穆叔如晋,晋侯享之,金奏《肆夏》三,不拜;工歌《文王》之三,又不拜;歌《鹿鸣》之三,三拜,曰:《三夏》,天子所以享元侯也,使臣不敢与闻。《肆夏》与《文王》、《鹿鸣》俱称三,谓其三章也。’以此知《肆夏》诗也。《国语》曰:‘金奏《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》,天子所以享元侯。‘《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》,所谓《三夏》矣。吕叔玉云:《肆夏》、《繁遏》、《渠》皆《周颂》也。《肆夏》,《时迈》也。《繁遏》,《执亻竟》也。《渠》,《思文》。肆,遂也。夏,大也。言遂於大位,谓王位也,故《时迈》曰‘肆于时夏,允王保之’。繁,多也。遏,止也。言福禄止於周之多也,故《执亻竟》曰‘降福穰穰,降福简简,福禄来反’。渠,大也,言以后稷配天,王道之大也。故《思文》曰‘思文后稷,克配彼天’。故《国语》谓之曰‘皆昭令德以合好也’。”玄谓以《文王》、《鹿鸣》言之,则《九夏》皆诗篇名,颂之族类也。此歌之大者,载在乐章,乐崩亦从而亡,是以颂不能具。
○纳夏(xia),本或作夏(xia)纳。齐,侧皆反(fan),本作斋(zhai)。礻戒,古哀反(fan)。骜,五羔反(fan),刘(liu)五到反(fan)。使,色吏(li)反(fan)。与(yu),音(yin)(yin)预。遏(e),於葛反(fan)。亻竟(jing),音(yin)(yin)竞,《诗》作竞。穰,如羊(yang)反(fan)。好,呼(hu)报(bao)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“以锺”至“能具”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)锺(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)(xian)击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong),次击(ji)(ji)鼓(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),锺(zhong)师(shi)(shi)直击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong),不(bu)(bu)击(ji)(ji)鼓(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)(er)兼(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)鼓(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡作乐(le)(le)(le),先(xian)(xian)击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong),次击(ji)(ji)鼓(gu)(gu),欲(yu)见(jian)(jian)鼓(gu)(gu)锺(zhong)先(xian)(xian)後次第,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兼(jian)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。锺(zhong)中(zhong)得奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)堂(tang)上歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),堂(tang)下(xia)(xia)以(yi)锺(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《左氏(shi)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)歌(ge)(ge)锺(zhong)二肆(si)(si)(si)”,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)歌(ge)(ge)与(yu)锺(zhong)相(xiang)应而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)明(ming)此(ci)(ci)(ci)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)诗(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)歌(ge)(ge)有(you)九(jiu)”。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻戒读为陔(gai)鼓(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陔(gai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉有(you)陔(gai)鼓(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《乐(le)(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)》先(xian)(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)时(shi)(shi)行(xing)礼(li)於(wu)大(da)(da)学,罢出(chu)(chu),以(yi)《鼓(gu)(gu)陔(gai)》为节”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)读从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《王(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,尸出(chu)(chu)入(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,牲(sheng)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)《大(da)(da)司乐(le)(le)(le)》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)方宾(bin)(bin)(bin)来奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《纳夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,臣有(you)功奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《章(zhang)(zhang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,夫人祭(ji)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《齐夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,族(zu)人侍(shi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《族(zu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)无明(ming)文(wen),或子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春别(bie)有(you)所(suo)见(jian)(jian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾(bin)(bin)(bin)醉而(er)(er)(er)出(chu)(chu)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《陔(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)醉将出(chu)(chu)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),恐其(qi)失礼(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)戒切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使不(bu)(bu)失礼(li),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)《乡饮酒》、《乡射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》、《燕礼(li)》、《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)醉将出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《陔(gai)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公出(chu)(chu)入(ru)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公入(ru),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於(wu)西郊,自(zi)外入(ru)时(shi)(shi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》。不(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)《乐(le)(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“行(xing)以(yi)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,趋以(yi)《采荠》。”出(chu)(chu)入(ru)礼(li)同(tong),则(ze)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》亦(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)礼(li)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兼(jian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟《王(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,惟天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)得奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)得。其(qi)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,则(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)当用(yong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)燕礼(li)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》;大(da)(da)夫已(yi)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)得,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,由赵文(wen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)始”,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)合也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)《昭夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》已(yi)下(xia)(xia),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)《骜(ao)(ao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)入(ru)时(shi)(shi)无文(wen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春取(qu)《大(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》“公入(ru)《骜(ao)(ao)》”,以(yi)明(ming)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,诗(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)诗(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)解者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)注《春秋(qiu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》为乐(le)(le)(le)曲名(ming)”。今(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》诗(shi)(shi),则(ze)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)(jie)诗(shi)(shi)”,後郑从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“《春秋(qiu)传》曰”已(yi)下(xia)(xia),襄(xiang)公四(si)年传文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俱(ju)称(cheng)三(san)(san)(san),谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)章(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)篇(pian)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)章(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),以(yi)章(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)篇(pian)耳。引《国语》曰“金奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁(fan)遏》、《渠》,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)以(yi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),歌(ge)(ge)诗(shi)(shi)尊卑各(ge)别(bie),若(ruo)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),升歌(ge)(ge)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》颂(song),合《大(da)(da)雅(ya)》。享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)五等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),升歌(ge)(ge)《大(da)(da)雅(ya)》,合《小雅(ya)》。享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),歌(ge)(ge)《小雅(ya)》,合乡乐(le)(le)(le)。若(ruo)两(liang)元(yuan)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)自(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)己(ji)(ji)同(tong)。五等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)自(zi)相(xiang)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)己(ji)(ji)同(tong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)同(tong)。燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)乐(le)(le)(le)与(yu)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)燕礼(li)燕臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)升歌(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)三(san)(san)(san)篇(pian)。襄(xiang)四(si)年,晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)穆叔(shu),为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)《鹿鸣(ming)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君所(suo)以(yi)嘉(jia)寡君”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)燕同(tong)乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即上引《春秋(qiu)》“肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)三(san)(san)(san)不(bu)(bu)拜”,三(san)(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》。吕(lv)叔(shu)玉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)与(yu)叔(shu)玉同(tong),三(san)(san)(san)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在《周颂(song)》篇(pian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)《时(shi)(shi)迈》、《执(zhi)竞》、《思文(wen)》三(san)(san)(san)篇(pian)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。後郑不(bu)(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)(jian)《文(wen)王(wang)》、《大(da)(da)明(ming)》、《绵》及(ji)《鹿鸣(ming)》、《四(si)牡(mu)》、《皇皇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)华》,皆(jie)(jie)举见(jian)(jian)在《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)名(ming),及(ji)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《繁(fan)遏》、《渠》,举篇(pian)中(zhong)义(yi)意(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)义(yi)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)以(yi)《文(wen)王(wang)》、《鹿鸣(ming)》言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)(jie)《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)名(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)襄(xiang)四(si)年,晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)穆叔(shu),奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》,与(yu)《文(wen)王(wang)》、《鹿鸣(ming)》同(tong)时(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)作,以(yi)类(lei)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan),《文(wen)王(wang)》、《鹿鸣(ming)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》,明(ming)《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《肆(si)(si)(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》,则(ze)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》皆(jie)(jie)《诗(shi)(shi)》篇(pian)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颂(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》并是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,以(yi)其(qi)皆(jie)(jie)称(cheng)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载(zai)在乐(le)(le)(le)章(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)《九(jiu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)》本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)颂(song),以(yi)其(qi)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)配乐(le)(le)(le)歌(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)为乐(le)(le)(le)章(zhang)(zhang),载(zai)在乐(le)(le)(le)章(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)(le)(le)崩亦(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)而(er)(er)(er)亡(wang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)颂(song)不(bu)(bu)能具”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乐(le)(le)(le)崩在秦始皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,随乐(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)(er)亡(wang),颂(song)内无,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)颂(song)不(bu)(bu)能具也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡祭祀、飨食,奏燕乐。(以(yi)锺鼓奏之。)
[疏]注“以锺鼓奏之”
○释曰:飨食,谓与(yu)诸侯行(xing)飨食之(zhi)礼。在庙,故(gu)与(yu)祭祀(si)同乐(le),故(gu)连言之(zhi)。知(zhi)“以(yi)锺(zhong)鼓(gu)奏之(zhi)”者,以(yi)其(qi)锺(zhong)师奏《九夏》用锺(zhong)鼓(gu),故(gu)知(zhi)此燕乐(le)亦用锺(zhong)鼓(gu)奏之(zhi)可知(zhi)也。
凡射,王奏《驺(zou)虞》,诸侯(hou)奏《首》,卿大(da)夫奏《采(cai)》,士(shi)奏《采(cai)蘩》。(郑司农(nong)云:“驺(zou)虞,圣兽。”)
[疏]“凡射”至“采蘩”
○释曰:言“凡射”,则大射、宾射等,同用此为射节,故言凡。射人与乐师辨其节数,於此见其作乐人为之,故数职重言。
○注“驺虞圣兽”
○释曰(yue):按(an)《异(yi)义》,今《诗(shi)》韩(han)、鲁(lu)说(shuo),驺虞(yu),天子掌鸟兽官。古(gu)《毛诗(shi)》说(shuo),驺虞(yu),义兽,白虎黑文,食自死之肉(rou),不食生物,人君有至信之德(de)则应之。《周南》终《麟止(zhi)》,《召南》终《驺虞(yu)》,俱(ju)称嗟叹之,皆兽名。谨按(an):古(gu)《山海(hai)经》、《周书》云“驺虞(yu)兽”,说(shuo)与《毛诗(shi)》同(tong)。是其圣(sheng)兽也(ye)。
掌鼙,鼓缦乐。(鼓读如庄王鼓之鼓。玄谓作缦乐,击鼙以和之。
○和(he),胡卧反。)
[疏]注“鼓读”至“和之”
○释(shi)曰:“鼓(gu)读如庄王(wang)鼓(gu)之(zhi)鼓(gu)”者,读从(cong)《左氏传(chuan)》“庄王(wang)亲鼓(gu)”之(zhi)鼓(gu)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)作(zuo)缦乐(le),击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)以(yi)(yi)和(he)之(zhi)”者,此官(guan)主击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)。於磬师作(zuo)缦乐(le),则锺(zhong)师击(ji)(ji)鼙(pi)以(yi)(yi)和(he)之(zhi)。
笙师掌教龠竽、笙、埙、、箫、篪、笛、管,舂牍、应、雅,以教礻戒乐。(教,教视了也。郑司农云:“竽,三十六簧。笙,十三簧。篪,七空。舂牍,以竹大五六寸,长七尺,短者一二尺,其端有两空,{髟米}画,以两手筑地。应,长六尺五寸,其中有椎。雅,状如漆而口,大二围,长五尺六寸,以羊韦鞔之,有两组,疏画。”杜子春读笛为荡涤之涤,今时所吹五空竹笛。玄谓如笛。三空。礻戒乐,《礻戒夏》之乐。牍、应、雅教其春者,谓以筑地。笙师教之,则三器在庭可知矣。宾醉而出,奏《礻戒夏》,以此三器筑地,为之行节,明不失礼。
○龠,昌(chang)垂(chui)反(fan)(fan)。竽,音(yin)于。牍(du),音(yin)独,或(huo)大(da)录反(fan)(fan)。空(kong),音(yin)孔,下同(tong)。{髟米},香牛反(fan)(fan),或(huo)七利反(fan)(fan)。鞔,莫(mo)干反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“教教”至“失礼”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此(ci)乐(le)器(qi)《瞽(gu)(gu)蒙》有(you)(you),《视(shi)了(le)》无。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)教瞽(gu)(gu)蒙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《小师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“教鼓鼗、、、埙、箫、管、弦(xian)、歌。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“教,教瞽(gu)(gu)蒙也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)《小师》在(zai)《瞽(gu)(gu)蒙》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),又瞽(gu)(gu)蒙所(suo)作与(yu)小师同(tong),故知(zhi)小师所(suo)教瞽(gu)(gu)蒙。笙师所(suo)教文在(zai)《视(shi)了(le)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)隔(ge)《视(shi)了(le)》教瞽(gu)(gu)蒙,其(qi)(qi)(qi)《视(shi)蒙》虽不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi),明(ming)所(suo)教教视(shi)了(le)也(ye)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六簧,笙十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)簧”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《通卦(gua)验》“竽(yu)(yu)长(zhang)四尺(chi)(chi)二寸(cun)(cun)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“竽(yu)(yu),管类,用竹为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),形参差象鸟(niao)(niao)翼。鸟(niao)(niao),火禽,火数七(qi)。冬至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。冬,水(shui)用事,水(shui)数六。六七(qi)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二,竽(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)盖取於此(ci)也(ye)。”笙十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)簧,《广雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“笙以(yi)(yi)匏为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)管,宫管在(zai)左(zuo)方。竽(yu)(yu)象笙,三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六管,宫管在(zai)中央。”《礼(li)图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽(yu)(yu)长(zhang)四尺(chi)(chi)二寸(cun)(cun)”,此(ci)竽(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六簧,与(yu)《礼(li)图(tu)》同(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“篪,七(qi)空(kong)(kong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《广雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“篪,以(yi)(yi)竹为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),长(zhang)尺(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)(cun),八孔(kong),一(yi)孔(kong)上(shang)出寸(cun)(cun)三(san)(san)(san)分。”《礼(li)图(tu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“篪,九(jiu)空(kong)(kong)。”司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)七(qi)空(kong)(kong),盖写(xie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误,当(dang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八空(kong)(kong)也(ye)。或(huo)司农别有(you)(you)所(suo)见。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)牍以(yi)(yi)竹大五(wu)六寸(cun)(cun),长(zhang)七(qi)尺(chi)(chi),短者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)二尺(chi)(chi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)端有(you)(you)两(liang)空(kong)(kong),{髟米(mi)}画,以(yi)(yi)两(liang)手筑地(di)。应(ying)长(zhang)六尺(chi)(chi)五(wu)寸(cun)(cun),其(qi)(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)椎。雅(ya)(ya)状如漆而(er)口,大二围,长(zhang)五(wu)尺(chi)(chi)六寸(cun)(cun),以(yi)(yi)羊韦鞔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)两(liang)纽,疏画”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)皆约汉法知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)言。郑(zheng)注(zhu)《巾(jin)车》“{髟木},赤多黑少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色”。疏画者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),长(zhang)疏而(er)画之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。子春(chun)读笛为(wei)荡(dang)涤(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涤(di),读从(cong)(cong)《郊特(te)牲》“臭(chou)味(wei)未成,涤(di)荡(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)声”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涤(di)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今时所(suo)吹五(wu)空(kong)(kong)竹笛”,後郑(zheng)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。玄谓“礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)乐(le),《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)夏(xia)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)《锺师》有(you)(you)《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)夏(xia)》,此(ci)礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)乐(le)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong),故知(zhi)此(ci)所(suo)教礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)乐(le),是(shi)锺师所(suo)作《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)夏(xia)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“笙师教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则三(san)(san)(san)器(qi)在(zai)庭可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)笙管在(zai)堂下(xia),近(jin)堂,则三(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)在(zai)堂下(xia),远堂,在(zai)庭可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宾醉而(er)出,奏(zou)《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)夏(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)则《乡饮酒》及(ji)《乡射(she)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,宾出奏(zou)《陔》是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)器(qi)筑地(di),为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行节,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)失礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)(san)器(qi)言舂(chong),舂(chong)是(shi)向下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)筑地(di),与(yu)《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)乐(le)》连文,明(ming)与(yu)《礻(shi)(shi)戒(jie)乐(le)》为(wei)节可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)。经中乐(le)器(qi)不(bu)(bu)解(jie)埙与(yu)箫管者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)文已释(shi)也(ye)。
凡祭祀、飨(xiang)射,共其锺笙(sheng)之(zhi)乐(le),(锺笙(sheng),与锺声(sheng)相应(ying)之(zhi)笙(sheng)。)
[疏]注“锺笙”至“之笙”
○释曰:郑为此解者(zhe),以其笙师不(bu)掌锺(zhong)而兼言锺(zhong),故知义然也。
燕乐亦如之
[疏]“燕乐亦如之”
○释曰:言亦如之者(zhe),谓(wei)作(zuo)燕乐(le),亦如上共其锺笙之乐(le)也。
大丧,其(qi)乐器;及葬,奉而藏之。(,兴也,兴谓作之。奉犹送。)
[疏]注“兴”至“犹送”
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)所兴作,即上竽笙已下皆作之,送之於圹而藏之也。
大旅,则陈(chen)(chen)之。(陈(chen)(chen)於馔处而已(yi),不莅其(qi)县。)
[疏]注“陈於”至“其县”
○释曰:此(ci)经直(zhi)言陈(chen)(chen)之,明(ming)陈(chen)(chen)於馔处(chu)而已(yi),不临(lin)其县(xian)。其临(lin)县(xian)者(zhe)大司乐,故《大司乐》云(yun)“大丧,临(lin)乐器”,注云(yun)“临(lin)笙(sheng)师师之属”是也(ye)。
师掌(zhang)金奏(zou)之(zhi)鼓。(谓(wei)主击晋鼓,以奏(zou)其(qi)锺也(ye)。然则击者(zhe)亦视了。)
[疏]“师”至“之鼓”
○释曰:师不自击,使视了击之,但击金奏之鼓耳。
○注“谓主”至“视了”
○释曰:知金(jin)奏(zou)(zou)之鼓(gu)谓主击(ji)(ji)晋鼓(gu)者,《鼓(gu)人职(zhi)》云“以晋鼓(gu)鼓(gu)金(jin)奏(zou)(zou)”,故(gu)知之也。金(jin)奏(zou)(zou)谓奏(zou)(zou)金(jin)。金(jin)即锺(zhong)(zhong)。锺(zhong)(zhong)以金(jin)为之,故(gu)言金(jin)。云“然则击(ji)(ji)者亦视了”者,按(an)《视了》直云:“乐作(zuo)击(ji)(ji)编钟(zhong)”,不言,与锺(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)类,大小异耳(er)。既(ji)击(ji)(ji)锺(zhong)(zhong),明亦击(ji)(ji),故(gu)云亦视了也。
凡祭祀,鼓其金奏之乐,飨食、宾射亦如之。军大献,则鼓其恺乐。凡军之夜三{鼓蚤},皆鼓之,守{鼓蚤}亦如之。(守{鼓蚤},备守鼓也。鼓之以{卉鼓}。杜子春云:“一夜三击,备守{鼓蚤}也。《春秋传》所谓宾将趋者,音声相似。”
○{卉鼓},扶(fu)云反。趋,《左(zuo)传》作取,庄九反,杜注云行夜。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“如之”
○释曰:云“鼓其金奏之乐”者,金奏之乐者,即八音是也,亦以晋鼓鼓之。飨食,谓飨食来朝诸侯。宾射,亦谓与来朝诸侯射於朝。皆鼓其金奏之鼓也。军大献,谓献捷於祖,作恺歌,亦以晋鼓鼓之。云“凡军之夜三{鼓蚤},皆鼓之,守{鼓蚤}亦如之”者,亦鼓之也。
○注“守{鼓蚤}”至“相似”
○释曰:郑知用(yong){卉鼓(gu)}者,《鼓(gu)人职》云:“{卉鼓(gu)}鼓(gu)军事。”此并军事,故知用(yong){卉鼓(gu)}也(ye)。子春云“一(yi)夜三击,备守(shou){鼓(gu)蚤}也(ye)”者,《鼓(gu)人》注引《司马法》云:“昏鼓(gu)四通为大{鼓(gu)蚤},夜半三通为晨(chen)戒,旦明五通为发句(ju)。”是一(yi)夜三击备守(shou){鼓(gu)蚤}也(ye)。《春秋传》者,昭二十年,卫侯(hou)如死鸟,齐侯(hou)使公孙青聘卫,宾将(jiang)取。注云:“取谓行夜。”子春云:“宾将(jiang)趋(qu)”,读人音异。云“音声相似”者,“趋(qu)”与“{鼓(gu)蚤}”,音声相似,皆(jie)是夜戒守(shou)也(ye)。
大(da)丧,其乐器,奉而藏之。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释(shi)曰:此官(guan)所,谓(wei)作晋(jin)鼓(gu){卉鼓(gu)}而已,以(yi)其当职所击者也。
师掌教(jiao)乐(le)。祭(ji)祀则帅其属而舞之。(舞之以东(dong)夷(yi)之舞。)
[疏]注“舞之”至“之舞”
○释曰:知舞(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)以东(dong)夷之(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),以其(qi)专主夷乐(le),则“东(dong)夷之(zhi)乐(le)曰”是也。凡舞(wu)(wu)(wu)夷乐(le),皆门(men)外(wai)为(wei)之(zhi)。
大飨亦如之。
旄人掌教舞散乐(le),舞夷乐(le)。(散乐(le),野人为乐(le)之善者(zhe),若(ruo)今黄门倡矣,自(zi)有舞。夷乐(le),四夷之乐(le),亦皆有声(sheng)歌及舞。)
[疏]“旄人”至“夷乐”
○释曰:云“掌教舞散乐,舞夷乐”者,旄人教夷乐而不掌,娄氏掌四夷之乐而不教,二职互相统耳。但旄人加以教散乐,娄氏不掌之也。
○注“散乐”至“及舞”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“散乐,人(ren)为(wei)乐之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)”者(zhe),以其不(bu)在官之(zhi)(zhi)员(yuan)内,谓之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“散”,故以为(wei)野人(ren)为(wei)乐善(shan)者(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“若今(jin)黄门倡矣”者(zhe),汉倡优之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),亦非官乐之(zhi)(zhi)内,故举以为(wei)说也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“夷(yi)乐,四夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐”者(zhe),即《孝经(jing)纬》云(yun)(yun)“东夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐曰,南夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐曰任,西(xi)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐曰株离,北(bei)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐曰禁”。知亦皆有(you)(you)声(sheng)歌(ge)及舞者(zhe),此经(jing)有(you)(you)舞,下《娄氏》云(yun)(yun)“掌四夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐为(wei)其声(sheng)歌(ge)”是也(ye)。
凡(fan)四方之以舞仕者属焉。
[疏]“凡四”至“属焉”
○释(shi)曰:云“凡四方之以(yi)舞仕者(zhe)属焉”者(zhe),此即野人(ren)能舞者(zhe),属旄人(ren),选舞人(ren)当(dang)於中取(qu)之故也。
凡祭祀、宾客,舞其燕乐。
[疏]“凡祭”至“燕乐”
○释曰(yue):宾客亦(yi)谓飨(xiang)燕时。“舞(wu)其燕乐”,谓作燕乐时,使四方舞(wu)士舞(wu)之以(yi)夷乐。
师掌教国(guo)子舞(wu)(wu)(wu)羽龠。(文舞(wu)(wu)(wu)有持羽吹(chui)者,所谓舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。《文王世子》曰:“秋冬学羽。”《诗》云(yun):“左手执,右(you)手秉翟。”)
[疏]注“文舞”至“秉翟”
○释曰:此(ci)师掌文舞(wu),故教(jiao)羽(yu)(yu)。若武舞(wu),则教(jiao)干戚也。故云“文舞(wu)有(you)持羽(yu)(yu)吹者(zhe)”也。云“所(suo)谓舞(wu)也”者(zhe),所(suo)谓《诗·颂》舞(wu)笙(sheng)鼓,彼亦文舞(wu)也。《文王世子》曰:“秋冬学(xue)羽(yu)(yu)。”彼对“春夏学(xue)干戈”,阳时学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi),法(fa)阳动。秋冬学(xue)羽(yu)(yu),阴时学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi),法(fa)阴静。《诗》云“左(zuo)手(shou)执,右手(shou)秉翟”者(zhe),《邶风·简(jian)兮》之(zhi)(zhi)篇。引(yin)此(ci)二文者(zhe),证皆文舞(wu)所(suo)执之(zhi)(zhi)器也。此(ci)官所(suo)教(jiao),当乐师教(jiao)小舞(wu),互相足。故《文王世子》云“小乐正(zheng)学(xue)干,大(da)胥(xu)赞之(zhi)(zhi)。师学(xue)戈,师丞赞之(zhi)(zhi)”。注云:“四(si)人皆乐官之(zhi)(zhi)属也,通职。秋冬亦学(xue)以羽(yu)(yu)。小乐正(zheng),乐师也。”
祭(ji)祀则鼓羽之(zhi)(zhi)舞。(鼓之(zhi)(zhi)者,恒为之(zhi)(zhi)节。)
[疏]注“鼓之”至“之节”
○释曰(yue):祭祀先作乐下神,及(ji)合乐之(zhi)(zhi)时,则使国子舞(wu)鼓动以(yi)羽之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu),与乐节(jie)相应(ying),使不相夺(duo)伦(lun),故郑(zheng)云(yun)“鼓之(zhi)(zhi)者,恒为之(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)”。
宾客(ke)飨食,则亦如之。
[疏]“宾客”至“如之”
○释曰(yue):亦鼓之以(yi)羽之舞,与祭祀同。以(yi)其俱(ju)在庙,故(gu)乐(le)亦同也。
大丧,其乐(le)器(qi),奉(feng)而藏之。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释曰(yue):此所作(zuo),惟羽而已,不作(zuo)馀(yu)器。
章掌土鼓豳。(杜子春云:“土鼓,以瓦为匡,以革为两面,可击也。”郑司农云:“豳,豳国之地竹,《豳诗》亦如之。”玄谓豳,豳人吹之声章,《明堂位》曰:“土鼓蒯桴苇,伊耆氏之乐。”
○豳,彼贫反(fan),注“”同。蒯,苦(ku)对反(fan),刘苦(ku)怀反(fan)。桴,音孚。耆,又作帆,皆音耆。)
[疏]注“杜子”至“之乐”
○释曰(yue):子(zi)春云(yun)(yun):“土(tu)鼓(gu)以(yi)瓦为(wei)(wei)匡,以(yi)革为(wei)(wei)两面,可击也(ye)。”後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe),土(tu)鼓(gu)因於中古神农之(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),黄帝(di)已前未(wei)有瓦器(qi),故(gu)不(bu)从也(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun):“豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹,《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)诗》亦(yi)如之(zhi)(zhi)。”後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe),按下(xia)文吹(chui)(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)诗》,吹(chui)(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)雅》、吹(chui)(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)颂》,更不(bu)见(jian)豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),则(ze)是中吹(chui)(chui)《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)诗》及《雅》、《颂》,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin),何得有豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹乎?若用(yong)豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)国之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)竹,当(dang)云(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)”,故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)章(zhang)”。云(yun)(yun)“豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)(chui)”,其(qi)义难明(ming),谓(wei)作豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)人吹(chui)(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)章(zhang),《商祝(zhu)》、《夏祝(zhu)》之(zhi)(zhi)类。声(sheng)章(zhang),即下(xia)文《豳(bin)(bin)(bin)(bin)诗》之(zhi)(zhi)等是也(ye)。《明(ming)堂位》曰(yue):“土(tu)鼓(gu)、蒯桴、苇(wei),伊耆氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)乐”者(zhe),郑(zheng)注《礼运》云(yun)(yun):“土(tu)鼓(gu),筑土(tu)为(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)也(ye)。蒯桴,桴谓(wei)击鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),以(yi)土(tu)块为(wei)(wei)桴。”引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),破子(zi)春土(tu)鼓(gu)用(yong)瓦。
中春昼击土鼓,龠《豳诗》以逆暑。(《豳诗》,《豳风·七月》也。吹之者,以为之声。《七月》言寒暑之事,迎气歌其类也。此《风》也,而言《诗》,《诗》总名也。迎暑以昼,求诸阳。
○中(zhong),音仲,下(xia)同(tong)。)
[疏]“中春”至“逆暑”
○释曰:中春,二月也。言迎暑者,谓中春昼夜等,已後渐暄,故预迎之耳。
○注“豳诗”至“诸阳”
○释曰:郑知吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),以(yi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声者(zhe),以(yi)发首云(yun)“掌土(tu)鼓豳(bin)”,故(gu)知《诗(shi)(shi)》与《雅》、《颂》,皆用吹(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。云(yun)“《七(qi)月》言(yan)寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)”者(zhe),《七(qi)月》云(yun)“一之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日发,二之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日栗烈”,七(qi)月流火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi),是(shi)寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)“迎(ying)气歌(ge)(ge)其类也”者(zhe),解经吹(chui)《豳(bin)诗(shi)(shi)》逆暑,及下迎(ying)寒,皆当歌(ge)(ge)此寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)“此《风(feng)》也,而言(yan)《诗(shi)(shi)》、《诗(shi)(shi)》总名也”者(zhe),对下有(you)《雅》、有(you)《颂》,即此是(shi)《风(feng)》而言(yan)《诗(shi)(shi)》,《诗(shi)(shi)》总名,含《豳(bin)风(feng)》矣,故(gu)云(yun)“诗(shi)(shi)”不言(yan)“风(feng)”也。云(yun)“迎(ying)暑以(yi)昼,求诸阳”者(zhe),对下迎(ying)寒以(yi)夜,求诸阴也。
中秋(qiu)夜(ye)迎(ying)寒,亦如之。(迎(ying)寒以夜(ye),求(qiu)诸阴(yin)。)
[疏]“中秋”至“如之”
○释曰:言“亦如(ru)之”,亦当击(ji)土鼓,龠《豳诗》也。
凡国祈年于田祖,龠《豳雅》,击土鼓,以乐田。(祈年,祈丰年也。田祖,始耕田者,谓神农也。《豳雅》,亦《七月》也。《七月》又有于耜举趾,饣盍彼南亩之事,是亦歌其类。谓之雅者,以其言男女之正。郑司农云:“田,古之先教田者。《尔雅》曰:‘,农夫也。’”
○乐,音(yin)洛。,音(yin)俊。饣盍,于辄反,刘于法反。)
[疏]“凡国”至“田”
○释曰:此祈年於田祖,并上迎暑迎寒,并不言有祀事,既告神当有祀事可知。但以告祭非常,故不言之耳。若有礼物,不过如《祭法》埋《少牢》之类耳。此田祖与田,所祈当同日,但位别礼殊,乐则同,故连言之也。
○注“祈年”至“夫也”
○释曰:“祈年(nian),祈丰年(nian)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),义取《小祝(zhu)》求丰年(nian),俱(ju)是求甘雨,使年(nian)丰,故(gu)(gu)引(yin)彼(bi)(bi)解(jie)此也(ye)(ye)。云“田(tian)祖(zu),始耕田(tian)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)神(shen)农也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此即《郊特牲(sheng)》云“先啬(se)(se)”,一也(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)《甫田(tian)》诗云:“琴瑟击鼓,以御田(tian)祖(zu),以祈甘雨,以介我稷黍(shu)。”毛云:“田(tian)祖(zu),先啬(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”“《七月》又有于耜举(ju)趾,饣盍(he)彼(bi)(bi)南(nan)亩(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,亦(yi)是歌其(qi)类”者(zhe)(zhe),按彼(bi)(bi)《七月》云:“三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日于耜,四(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日举(ju)趾,同我妇子(zi),饣盍(he)彼(bi)(bi)南(nan)亩(mu),田(tian)至喜。”并次在(zai)寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《风》,此为(wei)(wei)(wei)《雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云“谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《雅(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)言男女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),先正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业,以农为(wei)(wei)(wei)本,是男女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng),故(gu)(gu)名雅(ya)也(ye)(ye)。司农云“田(tian),古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先教田(tian)”者(zhe)(zhe),此即《月令》命田(tian)舍东郊,郑(zheng)云“田(tian),谓(wei)(wei)田(tian)”是也(ye)(ye)。“《尔雅(ya)》曰:,农夫也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)教农,故(gu)(gu)号农夫。
国祭蜡,则龠《豳颂》,击土鼓,以息老物。(故书“蜡”为“蚕”,杜子春云:“蚕当为蜡。《郊特牲》曰:‘天子大蜡八,伊耆氏始为蜡。岁十二月,而合聚万物而索飨之也。蜡之祭也,主先啬而祭司啬也。黄衣黄冠而祭,息田夫也。既蜡而收,民息已。’”玄谓十二月,建亥之月也。求万物而祭之者,万物助天成岁事,至此为其老而劳,乃祀而老息之,於是国亦养老焉,《月令》“孟冬,劳农以休息之”是也。《豳颂》,亦《七月》也。《七月》又有“获稻作酒,跻彼公堂,称彼兕觥,万寿无疆”之事,是亦歌其类也。谓之颂者,以其言岁终人功之成。
○索(suo),色(se)白反(fan)。为(wei),于伪反(fan)。劳,户报反(fan)。获,户郭反(fan)。跻,子兮反(fan)。疆(jiang),居良反(fan)。)
[疏]“国祭”至“老物”
○释曰:此为蜡直击土鼓,按《明堂位》云“土鼓、苇,伊耆氏之乐”,即此各有苇可知。言“以息老物”者,谓息田夫万物也。
○注“故书”至“之成”
○释曰:子春引(yin)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》,後郑从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),增成(cheng)(cheng)其义耳,故(gu)还引(yin)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》而(er)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云“求万(wan)物而(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)合聚万(wan)物而(er)索飨(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)也(ye)。云“乃祀而(er)老息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),老即(ji)老物,蜡祭是(shi)也(ye)。息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)息(xi)田夫,腊祭宗庙是(shi)也(ye)。云“於是(shi)国亦(yi)养老焉”者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)所引(yin)《月(yue)令(ling)》“孟冬,劳(lao)农以休息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)。云“《豳颂》,亦(yi)《七月(yue)》也(ye)。《七月(yue)》又有获稻(dao)(dao)作酒等至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,是(shi)亦(yi)歌其类(lei)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),其类(lei),谓(wei)“获稻(dao)(dao)”已下是(shi)也(ye)。云“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)者(zhe)(zhe),以其言岁(sui)终人(ren)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡言颂者(zhe)(zhe),颂美(mei)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)於《七月(yue)》风诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中亦(yi)有《雅(ya)》、《颂》也(ye)。郑注(zhu)《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》云:“岁(sui)十(shi)二月(yue),周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正数。”故(gu)此(ci)郑云“建(jian)亥”解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知非(fei)夏十(shi)二月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),以其建(jian)亥,万(wan)物成(cheng)(cheng),故(gu)《月(yue)令(ling)》祈来年,及腊先祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆在孟冬月(yue),是(shi)十(shi)二月(yue)据(ju)周,於夏为建(jian)亥十(shi)月(yue)也(ye)。
娄氏掌四夷之乐与其声歌。(四夷之乐,东方曰《》,南方曰《任》,西方曰《株离》,北方曰《禁》。《诗》云“以《雅》以《南》”是也。王者必作四夷之乐,一天下也。言与其声歌,则云乐者主於舞。
○任(ren),音壬,下同(tong)。)
[疏]注“四夷”至“於舞”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):四(si)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)名,出於(wu)《孝经纬(wei)·钩命决》,故彼(bi)云(yun):“东(dong)(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《》,持(chi)(chi)矛(mao)助(zhu)时(shi)(shi)生(sheng)。南夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《任》,持(chi)(chi)弓(gong)助(zhu)时(shi)(shi)养。西夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《侏(zhu)离(li)》,持(chi)(chi)钺助(zhu)时(shi)(shi)杀。北夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《禁(jin)》,持(chi)(chi)助(zhu)时(shi)(shi)藏。皆於(wu)四(si)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,有(you)辟”是也(ye)(ye)。按(an)《明(ming)堂位(wei)》亦有(you)东(dong)(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《》,南夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《任》。又按(an)《虞传》云(yun):“阳伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)舞(wu)《侏(zhu)离(li)》”,则东(dong)(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)亦名《侏(zhu)离(li)》者,东(dong)(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)二名,亦名《侏(zhu)离(li)》。郑(zheng)注云(yun):“《侏(zhu)离(li)》,舞(wu)曲名。言象万物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)株离(li),若《诗》云(yun)‘彼(bi)黍离(li)离(li)’,是物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)亦曰(yue)(yue)离(li)。”云(yun)“王者必作(zuo)四(si)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),一(yi)天下也(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)《白(bai)虎通》云(yun)“王者制夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄乐(le)(le)(le)(le),不(bu)制夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄礼(li)”者,所以拘中国(guo)。不(bu)制礼(li),恐夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)不(bu)能随中国(guo)礼(li)故也(ye)(ye)。四(si)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)离(li)谓舞(wu),使(shi)中国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“与其(qi)声歌(ge)(ge),则云(yun)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者主(zhu)於(wu)舞(wu)”者,凡乐(le)(le)(le)(le)止(zhi)有(you)声歌(ge)(ge)及舞(wu),既下别云(yun)声歌(ge)(ge),明(ming)上云(yun)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)主(zhu)於(wu)舞(wu)可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。按(an)《月令·仲春》云(yun):“命乐(le)(le)(le)(le)正(zheng)入(ru),学习(xi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。”注云(yun):“歌(ge)(ge)与八音(yin)”,知(zhi)(zhi)非舞(wu)。以其(qi)下《季春》云(yun)“大合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)”,明(ming)所合(he)多,故知(zhi)(zhi)非直舞(wu),而有(you)歌(ge)(ge)与八音(yin)也(ye)(ye)。
祭祀(si),则龠而歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),燕亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以管(guan)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。)
[疏]注“吹之”至“之声”
○释曰:知(zhi)“吹之以管为之声(sheng)”者,以其歌者在上,管在下(xia),既言(yan)吹之用气,明据管为之声(sheng)可(ke)知(zhi),是以笙师(shi)教吹管之等。
典庸(yong)器(qi)掌藏乐器(qi)、庸(yong)器(qi)。(庸(yong)器(qi),伐国所藏之器(qi),若崇鼎、贯鼎及以其(qi)兵物所铸铭也。)
[疏]注“庸器”至“铭也”
○释曰:庸,功(gong)也(ye)(ye)。言功(gong)器(qi)(qi)者(zhe),伐(fa)国所(suo)获之器(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云“若(ruo)崇鼎、贯鼎”者(zhe),《明(ming)堂位》文。云“及以其兵物所(suo)铸铭也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),谓《左氏传》,季氏以所(suo)得(de)齐之兵,作(zuo)林锺而铭鲁(lu)功(gong),是经中(zhong)乐器(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)。彼既讥其非时征伐(fa),又籍(ji)晋之功(gong),引之取(qu)一边(bian)证铸作(zuo)铭功(gong)之事耳(er)。
及祭祀,帅其属而设┺ね,陈庸器。(设笋ね,视了当以县乐器焉。陈功器,以华国也。杜子春云:“┺读为博选之选,横者为┺,从者为钅。”
○选(xuan),胥衮反。从(cong),子(zi)容反。钅,音距,旧本作此字,今(jin)或作ね。)
[疏]注“设笋”至“为钅”
○释曰:郑知此(ci)“设┺ね,视(shi)(shi)了(le)当(dang)(dang)以县(xian)乐器焉”者,按(an)《视(shi)(shi)了(le)职》云(yun)(yun):“掌大师之(zhi)县(xian)”,此(ci)直云(yun)(yun)设┺ね,明是视(shi)(shi)了(le)县(xian)之(zhi)可知。子春云(yun)(yun):“┺读(du)为博(bo)选(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)选(xuan)(xuan)”者,此(ci)当(dang)(dang)俗读(du),当(dang)(dang)时(shi)语者有博(bo)选(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)言,故读(du)从之(zhi)也。
飨食、宾射亦(yi)如之。大丧,┺ね。(,兴也,兴谓(wei)作(zuo)之。)
[疏]注“兴”至“作之”
○释(shi)曰:按《檀弓》有锺磬而无┺ね,郑注云“不县之”。彼郑注见此(ci)文有┺ね,明有而不县,以丧事略故也。
司干掌舞器。(舞器,羽之(zhi)属。)
[疏]注“舞器羽之属”
○释曰:郑知司(si)(si)干(gan)(gan)所(suo)掌舞(wu)(wu)器(qi)是羽,以其(qi)(qi)是武之舞(wu)(wu)所(suo)执有异,则(ze)二者(zhe)之器(qi)皆司(si)(si)干(gan)(gan)掌之。言司(si)(si)干(gan)(gan)者(zhe),周尚武,故(gu)以干(gan)(gan)为职首。其(qi)(qi)师教而不掌。若然,干(gan)(gan)与戈(ge)(ge)相配,不言戈(ge)(ge)者(zhe),下文(wen)云(yun):“祭祀(si)(si),授(shou)(shou)舞(wu)(wu)器(qi)”,则(ze)所(suo)授(shou)(shou)者(zhe)授(shou)(shou)干(gan)(gan)与羽也(ye)。按《司(si)(si)戈(ge)(ge)盾》亦(yi)云(yun):“祭祀(si)(si),授(shou)(shou)旅贲殳,故(gu)主戈(ge)(ge)盾,受(shou)(shou)舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)兵(bing)。”云(yun)舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)兵(bing),惟谓戈(ge)(ge),其(qi)(qi)干(gan)(gan)亦(yi)於此官(guan)受(shou)(shou)之。《司(si)(si)兵(bing)》云(yun)“祭祀(si)(si)授(shou)(shou)舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)兵(bing)”,郑注云(yun):“授(shou)(shou)以朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉(yu)戚(qi)。”谓受(shou)(shou)《大武》之舞(wu)(wu),与此受(shou)(shou)小舞(wu)(wu)干(gan)(gan)戈(ge)(ge)别也(ye)。
祭祀(si),舞(wu)者既(ji)陈,则(ze)授舞(wu)器(qi),既(ji)舞(wu)则(ze)受(shou)之(zhi)。(既(ji),已也。受(shou)取藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)。)宾飨亦如之(zhi)。大丧(sang),舞(wu)器(qi),及葬,奉而藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)。
[疏]“大丧”至“藏之”
○释(shi)曰:此官(guan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)干(gan)盾(dun)及(ji)羽(yu)(yu),及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo),干(gan)盾(dun)而(er)已(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)羽(yu)(yu),师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),故其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大丧,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。及(ji)葬,奉而(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi)”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)视了(le)(le)所(suo)者,谓(wei)鼓(gu)与磬,《锺师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》不云(yun)(yun)(yun),则锺亦(yi)视了(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)。如是(shi),《瞽蒙》及(ji)《大师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《小师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》皆(jie)(jie)不云(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)目。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《瞽蒙》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)、、埙、箫、管及(ji)琴瑟,皆(jie)(jie)当视了(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)。不云(yun)(yun)(yun)奉而(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi),文(wen)不具。《笙师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“竽笙”已(yi)下(xia),则笙师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自之(zhi)(zhi),故其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)藏。《师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“击晋(jin)鼓(gu)”,则晋(jin)鼓(gu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)舞所(suo),入五(wu)兵(bing)中,故《司兵(bing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大丧五(wu)兵(bing)”。凡乐(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi),皆(jie)(jie)大司乐(le)(le)临(lin)之(zhi)(zhi),故其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大丧临(lin)乐(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)”。《典(dian)同(tong)》不云(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律吕(lv)与锺器(qi)(qi)(qi)等为(wei)制度,不掌成器(qi)(qi)(qi),故不云(yun)(yun)(yun)。《师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《旄人》、《娄氏》等不云(yun)(yun)(yun)者,死後无(wu)一天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故不云(yun)(yun)(yun)也。《典(dian)庸器(qi)(qi)(qi)》不云(yun)(yun)(yun)者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庸器(qi)(qi)(qi)非常,故不也。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乐(le)(le)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非一,故诸(zhu)官(guan)各不同(tong)
大卜掌《三兆》之法,一曰《玉兆》,二曰《瓦兆》,三曰《原兆》。(兆者,灼龟发於火,其形可占者。其象似玉瓦原之钅,是用名之焉。上古以来,作其法可用者有三,原,原田也。杜子春云:“《玉兆》,帝颛顼之兆。《瓦兆》,帝尧之兆。《原兆》,有周之兆。”
○兆(zhao),亦(yi)作(zuo)兆(zhao)阝(fu),音(yin)兆(zhao)。,许鄞反。沈(shen)依(yi)聂(nie)氏《音(yin)问(wen)》云:“依(yi)字作(zuo)璺(wen)。”璺(wen)玉之圻也,龟兆(zhao)文似之,《占人》注同(tong)。)
[疏]“大卜”至“原兆”
○释曰:大卜所掌,先三兆,後三易,次三梦者,筮短龟长,梦以叶卜筮,故以先後为次。
○注“兆者”至“之兆”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兆(zhao)者(zhe)(zhe),灼龟发於火(huo)(huo)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)依下文《氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡卜,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明火(huo)(huo)ㄡ,遂吹其(qi)(qi)契”,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)火(huo)(huo)灼龟,其(qi)(qi)兆(zhao)发於火(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)形(xing)可占(zhan)”者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《占(zhan)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“君占(zhan)体,大夫占(zhan)色(se)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,彼(bi)不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)玉瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)原(yuan),体色(se)中含之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)其(qi)(qi)形(xing)可占(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)似玉瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)璺钅”,谓(wei)破(po)而(er)不(bu)相离也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)似玉、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)破(po)裂(lie)。或解以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为玉、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)用名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)用是(shi)似玉、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、原(yuan),名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为《玉兆(zhao)》、《瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)兆(zhao)》、《原(yuan)兆(zhao)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上古以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)可用者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)三”者(zhe)(zhe),但卜筮是(shi)先圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作(zuo)(zuo),盖(gai)伏牺时已(yi)有(you)(you)(you),其(qi)(qi)时未有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)玉、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),至颛顼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,始有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)名(ming),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“原(yuan),原(yuan)田(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《左氏(shi)》僖(xi)二十八(ba)年传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“原(yuan)田(tian)(tian)每(mei)每(mei)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)与(yu)原(yuan)田(tian)(tian)字同,故为此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)解也(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《玉兆(zhao)》帝(di)颛顼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao),《瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)兆(zhao)》帝(di)尧(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao),《原(yuan)兆(zhao)》有(you)(you)(you)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆(zhao)”者(zhe)(zhe),赵商问此(ci)(ci),并问下文:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)《连山》宓戏,《归(gui)藏》黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)。今当从(cong)此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)?敢问杜子(zi)(zi)(zi)春何(he)由知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”郑答云(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)数(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)非无明文,改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无据,故著子(zi)(zi)(zi)春说(shuo)而(er)已(yi)。近师皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为夏(xia)(xia)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)周(zhou)。”郑既为此(ci)(ci)说(shuo),故《易赞》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夏(xia)(xia)曰(yue)(yue)《连山》,殷(yin)(yin)(yin)曰(yue)(yue)《归(gui)藏》。”又注《礼运(yun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)书仔者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)《归(gui)藏》。”如是(shi)《玉兆(zhao)》为夏(xia)(xia),《瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)兆(zhao)》为殷(yin)(yin)(yin)可知(zhi),是(shi)皆从(cong)近师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。按今《归(gui)藏》,《坤》开筮,帝(di)尧(yao)(yao)降二女以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舜妃,又见《节(jie)卦(gua)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“殷(yin)(yin)(yin)王其(qi)(qi)国常母谷。”若然,依子(zi)(zi)(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo),《归(gui)藏》黄(huang)(huang)帝(di),得有(you)(you)(you)帝(di)尧(yao)(yao)及殷(yin)(yin)(yin)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe),盖(gai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,《宓戏》,黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)造其(qi)(qi)名(ming),夏(xia)(xia)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)《易》,故郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无据,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皇(huang)甫谧《记》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)(xia)人因(yin)炎(yan)帝(di)曰(yue)(yue)《连山》,殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人因(yin)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)曰(yue)(yue)《归(gui)藏》”。虽(sui)炎(yan)帝(di)与(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)春黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)不(bu)同,是(shi)亦相因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
其经兆之体,皆百有二十,其颂皆千有二百。(颂谓繇也。三法体繇之数同,其名占异耳。百二十每体十繇,体有五色,又重之以墨坼也。五色者,《洪范》所谓曰雨、曰济、曰[C163]、曰蟊、曰克。
○繇,直(zhi)又反(fan),下(xia)同。重,直(zhi)用反(fan)。圻,敕(chi)白反(fan)。济(ji),节细反(fan),又才(cai)礼反(fan)。[C163],音(yin)亦。蟊,音(yin),刘莫沟反(fan),谋。)
[疏]“其经”至“二百”
○释曰:云“经兆”者,谓龟之正经。云“体”者,谓龟之金木水火土五兆之体。云“经兆之体”,名体为经也。云“皆百有二十”者,三代皆同,百有二十,若经卦皆八然也。若然,龟兆有五,而为百二十者,则兆别分为二十四分,云“其颂千有二百”者,每体十繇,故千二百也。
○注“颂谓”至“曰?”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颂(song)谓(wei)繇(zhou)(zhou)”者(zhe)(zhe),繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)说兆(zhao),若(ruo)《易(yi)(yi)》之(zhi)《说卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》,故名(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)之(zhi)书曰(yue)繇(zhou)(zhou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三(san)法体(ti)(ti)(ti)繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)数(shu)同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)代兆(zhao)有(you)(you)(you)异(yi),此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皆(jie)(jie)百有(you)(you)(you)二十(shi)(shi)(shi),皆(jie)(jie)千有(you)(you)(you)二百,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)体(ti)(ti)(ti)繇(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)数(shu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)玉瓦,原是(shi)名(ming)异(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),三(san)代占(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)无(wu)文,异(yi)否不(bu)(bu)可知。但三(san)易(yi)(yi)名(ming)异(yi),占(zhan)(zhan)亦(yi)异(yi),则三(san)兆(zhao)名(ming)异(yi),占(zhan)(zhan)亦(yi)异(yi)可知。故郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)名(ming)占(zhan)(zhan)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百二十(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)十(shi)(shi)(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)欲解(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)百有(you)(you)(you)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)繇(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)千二百之(zhi)意,体(ti)(ti)(ti)既有(you)(you)(you)百二十(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)十(shi)(shi)(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou),则得(de)(de)千有(you)(you)(you)二百也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“体(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)色(se),又重(zhong)之(zhi)以墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《占(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“君占(zhan)(zhan)体(ti)(ti)(ti),大(da)夫(fu)占(zhan)(zhan)色(se),史(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),卜人(ren)占(zhan)(zhan)坼(che)。”彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“体(ti)(ti)(ti),兆(zhao)象。色(se),兆(zhao)气(qi)(qi)。墨(mo)(mo)(mo),兆(zhao)广(guang)。坼(che),兆(zhao)璺(wen)。”若(ruo)然(ran),体(ti)(ti)(ti)色(se)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che)各不(bu)(bu)同(tong),今(jin)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)体(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)色(se),又重(zhong)之(zhi)以墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che),则四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)。何者(zhe)(zhe)?以其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)行兆(zhao)体(ti)(ti)(ti),体(ti)(ti)(ti)中有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)色(se),既有(you)(you)(you)体(ti)(ti)(ti)色(se),则因(yin)之(zhi)以兆(zhao)广(guang)狭为(wei)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),又因(yin)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)广(guang)狭,支分小璺(wen)为(wei)坼(che),是(shi)皆(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)因(yin)之(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)每(mei)(mei)体(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)繇(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)色(se),曰(yue)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue)济(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)等,其(qi)(qi)(qi)色(se)统得(de)(de)体(ti)(ti)(ti),每(mei)(mei)色(se)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che),则五(wu)色(se)中各有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)坼(che),含得(de)(de)五(wu)色(se),不(bu)(bu)复别(bie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)色(se)。似若(ruo)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)别(bie)重(zhong)得(de)(de)七,通本为(wei)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),总云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八(ba)(ba)八(ba)(ba)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),不(bu)(bu)复别(bie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),合有(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)故也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《洪范》所谓(wei)曰(yue)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)、曰(yue)济(ji)(ji)(ji)、曰(yue)[C163]、曰(yue)蟊(mao)(mao)、曰(yue)克(ke)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“曰(yue)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),兆(zhao)之(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)气(qi)(qi)如雨(yu)(yu)(yu)气(qi)(qi)然(ran)。曰(yue)济(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),兆(zhao)之(zhi)光明如雨(yu)(yu)(yu)止。曰(yue)蟊(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe),气(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)泽,郁冥也(ye)(ye)。曰(yue)[C163]者(zhe)(zhe),色(se)泽者(zhe)(zhe)。曰(yue)克(ke)者(zhe)(zhe),气(qi)(qi)色(se)相(xiang)(xiang)犯入。”此(ci)郑(zheng)义。若(ruo)孔注,则云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)似雨(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)似雨(yu)(yu)(yu)止者(zhe)(zhe)。蟊(mao)(mao),谓(wei)阴ウ,[C163],气(qi)(qi)落(luo)驿(yi)不(bu)(bu)连属。克(ke),兆(zhao)相(xiang)(xiang)交错”,与(yu)郑(zheng)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
掌《三易》之法,一曰《连山》,二曰《归藏》,三曰《周易》。(易者,揲蓍变易之数,可占者也。名曰连山,似山出内气变也。归藏者,万物莫不归而藏於其中。杜子春云:“《连山》,宓戏。《归藏》,黄帝。”
○揲(she),时(shi)设反(fan),刘(liu)音(yin)(yin)舌(she)。宓,音(yin)(yin)伏(fu)。戏(xi),本又作(zuo)亏,音(yin)(yin)羲(xi)。)
[疏]注“易者,”至“黄帝”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),揲(she)蓍(shi)变易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数可(ke)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)·系辞》云(yun)(yun):“分而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象两(liang),挂一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象三(san)(san),揲(she)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象四(si)时,归(gui)(gui)(gui)奇於(wu)(wu)扌力以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象闰。”此是揲(she)蓍(shi)变易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数,可(ke)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。就(jiu)《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》文卦画,七(qi)八爻(yao)称(cheng)九(jiu)六(liu),用四(si)十(shi)九(jiu)蓍(shi)。三(san)(san)多(duo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交钱,六(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老阴也(ye)。三(san)(san)少(shao)(shao)(shao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重钱,九(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老阳也(ye)。两(liang)多(duo)一(yi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)单(dan)钱,七(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少(shao)(shao)(shao)阳也(ye)。两(liang)少(shao)(shao)(shao)一(yi)多(duo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拆钱,八为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少(shao)(shao)(shao)阴也(ye)。夏殷(yin)(yin)《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)八不变为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),《周(zhou)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)六(liu)变者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),按襄九(jiu)年《左传》云(yun)(yun):“穆姜薨於(wu)(wu)东宫(gong),始往而(er)筮之(zhi),遇《艮(gen)》之(zhi)八。”注云(yun)(yun):“爻(yao)在初六(liu),九(jiu)三(san)(san),六(liu)四(si),六(liu)五,上(shang)九(jiu),惟六(liu)二(er)不变。《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》、《归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》之(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不变者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)。”但(dan)《周(zhou)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)九(jiu)六(liu),而(er)云(yun)(yun)遇《艮(gen)》之(zhi)八,是据夏殷(yin)(yin)不变为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)事。云(yun)(yun)“名曰《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》,似山(shan)(shan)出(chu)(chu)内气(qi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,其卦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纯(chun)《艮(gen)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou),《艮(gen)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)下,是名《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》。云(yun)(yun)气(qi)出(chu)(chu)内於(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan),故(gu)(gu)名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》。归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),万物莫不归(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)(wu)其中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纯(chun)《坤》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou),坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地,故(gu)(gu)万物莫不归(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》也(ye)。郑虽(sui)不解《周(zhou)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,其名《周(zhou)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》,《归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》,皆(jie)不言地号,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》,则(ze)周(zhou)非地号。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纯(chun)《乾》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou),乾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian),天(tian)能(neng)周(zhou)匝於(wu)(wu)四(si)时,故(gu)(gu)名《易(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“周(zhou)”也(ye)。必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取三(san)(san)正(zheng)三(san)(san)统(tong)(tong)之(zhi)义(yi)。故(gu)(gu)《律历(li)志》云(yun)(yun):“黄锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)统(tong)(tong),黄锺子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)正(zheng)。林锺为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地统(tong)(tong),未之(zhi)冲(chong)丑,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地正(zheng)。大簇为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)统(tong)(tong),寅为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)正(zheng)。”周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)一(yi)月为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),天(tian)统(tong)(tong),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《乾》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)首(shou)(shou)。殷(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)二(er)月为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),地统(tong)(tong),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《坤》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)。夏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)三(san)(san)月为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng),人(ren)(ren)统(tong)(tong),人(ren)(ren)无为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卦首(shou)(shou)之(zhi)理,《艮(gen)》渐正(zheng)月,故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《艮(gen)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)也(ye)。杜子春云(yun)(yun)“《连(lian)(lian)山(shan)(shan)》宓戏,《归(gui)(gui)(gui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)》黄帝”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《郑志》答赵(zhao)商(shang)云(yun)(yun):“非无明(ming)文,改(gai)之(zhi)无据,且从(cong)子春,近(jin)师皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夏殷(yin)(yin)也(ye)。”
其经卦皆八,其别皆六十有四。(《三易》卦别之数亦同,其名占异也。每卦八,别者,重之数。
○重,直龙反。)
[疏]“其经”至“有四”
○释曰:云“经卦皆八”者,谓以卦为经,即《周易》上经下经是也。皆八者,《连山》、《归藏》、《周易》皆以八卦《乾》、《坤》、《震》、《巽》、《坎》、《离》、《艮》、《兑》为本,其别六十四,郑云谓重之数,通本相乘,数之为六十四也。
○注“三易”至“之数”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“《三(san)(san)易》卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)别之(zhi)数亦同(tong)”者(zhe),三(san)(san)代《易》之(zhi)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)皆(jie)八(ba)(ba)(ba),而别皆(jie)六(liu)十四,亦如上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)(san)兆体(ti)(ti)别之(zhi)数,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“亦同(tong)”。云(yun)(yun)“其名占异也(ye)”者(zhe),其名,谓《连山》、《归藏》、《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易》,是(shi)名异也(ye)。占异者(zhe),谓《连山》、《归藏》占七(qi)八(ba)(ba)(ba),《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易》占九六(liu),是(shi)占异也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“每卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)别者(zhe),重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)数周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易者(zhe),据《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)易》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),是(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi),则得(de)六(liu)十四。何者(zhe)?伏(fu)牺本(ben)(ben)(ben)画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),直有三(san)(san)爻,法(fa)天地(di)人。後以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi),重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)法(fa),先以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)三(san)(san)爻为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)体(ti)(ti),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)三(san)(san)爻,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纯《乾(qian)(qian)(qian)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)体(ti)(ti),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤之(zhi)三(san)(san)爻加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《泰卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)震之(zhi)三(san)(san)爻於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大壮卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)巽於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《小畜卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坎卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《需卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)离(li)(li)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大有卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)艮(gen)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《大畜卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兑卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)於(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。此是(shi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)一,重(zhong)(zhong)得(de)七(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤之(zhi)三(san)(san)爻为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坤,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纯《坤卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)乾(qian)(qian)(qian),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《否卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)震,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《豫卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)巽,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《观卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)坎,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《比卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)离(li)(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《晋(jin)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)艮(gen),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《剥卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坤为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兑,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《萃(cui)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)》。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)也(ye)。自震、巽、坎、离(li)(li)、艮(gen)、兑,其法(fa)皆(jie)如此,则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)(ba)八(ba)(ba)(ba)六(liu)十四,故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)别者(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)数。後郑专以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)牺画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),神农重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)。诸家以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)伏(fu)牺画(hua)八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),还自重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)。
掌《三梦》之法,一曰《致梦》,二曰《<角奇>梦》,三曰《咸陟》。(梦者,人精神所寤可占者。致梦,言梦之所至,夏后氏作焉。咸,皆也。陟之言得也,读如“王德翟人”之德。言梦之皆得,周人作焉。杜子春云:“<角奇>读为奇伟之奇,其字当直为奇。”玄谓<角奇>读如诸戎掎之掎,掎亦得也。亦言梦之所得,殷人作焉。
○[B16X],音梦,本多作梦。<角奇>,居绮反(fan)。注(zhu)“掎”同,又纪宜反(fan),杜(du)其宜反(fan)。陟,如(ru)字,或(huo)音得。)
[疏]注“梦者”至“作焉”
○释曰:云“梦者,人(ren)(ren)(ren)精(jing)神(shen)所(suo)寤(wu)可占(zhan)”者,谓人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寐,形魄不动,而(er)精(jing)神(shen)寤(wu)见。觉而(er)占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故云精(jing)神(shen)所(suo)寤(wu)可占(zhan)者也(ye)(ye)。云“致(zhi)梦,言梦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)至”者,驯“致(zhi)”为(wei)(wei)“至”,故云梦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)至也(ye)(ye)。云“夏后氏作焉(yan)”者,上文《三兆》、《三易》,有子(zi)春(chun)所(suo)解,且从(cong)子(zi)春(chun)。至於(wu)馀文正解,即(ji)(ji)从(cong)近(jin)师(shi)所(suo)说。此《三梦》子(zi)春(chun)等不说,故即(ji)(ji)从(cong)近(jin)师(shi)为(wei)(wei)夏殷周(zhou)也(ye)(ye)。云“读(du)(du)(du)如王德翟人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德”者,按僖二十(shi)四年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云:“王德翟人(ren)(ren)(ren),以其女(nv)为(wei)(wei)后。”德亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)得义(yi),故读(du)(du)(du)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故杜子(zi)春(chun)读(du)(du)(du)“<角奇(qi)>”为(wei)(wei)“奇(qi)伟(wei)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi),读(du)(du)(du)从(cong)《家语》。“玄(xuan)谓<角奇(qi)>读(du)(du)(du)如诸戎(rong)掎(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)掎(ji)(ji),掎(ji)(ji)亦(yi)得也(ye)(ye)”者,按襄十(shi)四年《左(zuo)传(chuan)》云:“戎(rong)子(zi)驹(ju)支曰:秦师(shi)不复,我诸戎(rong)实(shi)然。譬如捕鹿,晋人(ren)(ren)(ren)角之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),诸戎(rong)掎(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是掎(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)得也(ye)(ye)。
其经运十,其别九十。(运或为纟军,当为,是《视》所掌十也。王者於天,日也。夜有梦,则昼视日旁之气,以占其吉凶。凡所占者十,每九变。此术今亡。
○纟(mi)军,胡本反(fan),《字林》云(yun):“大(da)束也。”《说文》音(yin)运(yun),云(yun)“纬也”,聂(nie)音(yin)徽。,音(yin)运(yun)。,子鸠(jiu)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“运或”至“今亡”
○释(shi)曰:“运(yun)”或作(zuo)“纟军”者(zhe),此(ci)经运(yun),一(yi)部《周礼》或作(zuo)“纟军”字,并不(bu)从,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)当为(wei)“”,读从《视》“十(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)引视所掌十(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)证也。云(yun)(yun)“王者(zhe)於天(tian),日(ri)也。夜(ye)有梦(meng)(meng),则昼视日(ri)旁之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi),以(yi)占其吉(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)”者(zhe),此(ci)按《占梦(meng)(meng)》云(yun)(yun):“以(yi)日(ri)月星辰(chen),占六梦(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)。”注引赵简子夜(ye)梦(meng)(meng),日(ri)而日(ri)食,史(shi)墨(mo)占之(zhi)(zhi)。又《视》有十(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)法,五曰ウ,先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“谓日(ri)月食”。馀九(jiu)(jiu)皆(jie)日(ri)旁气(qi)(qi),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)日(ri)旁气(qi)(qi)解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“凡所占者(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)九(jiu)(jiu)变”者(zhe),此(ci)类上《三兆》、《三易》,皆(jie)有颂(song)别之(zhi)(zhi)数,此(ci)经十(shi)(shi)(shi),其别有九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)义言之(zhi)(zhi),明一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)变,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)术今(jin)亡(wang)”者(zhe),数见十(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)变,此(ci)术今(jin)亡(wang),未知其义耳。
以邦事作龟之八命,一曰征,二曰象,三曰与,四曰谋,五曰果,六曰至,七曰雨,八曰瘳。(国之大事待蓍龟而决者有八。定作其辞,於将卜以命龟也。郑司农云:“征谓征伐人也。象谓灾变云物,如众赤鸟之属有所象似。《易》曰天垂象见吉凶,《春秋传》曰天事恒象,皆是也。与谓予人物也,谋谓谋议也,果谓事成与不也,至谓至不也,雨谓雨不也,瘳谓疾瘳不也。”玄谓征亦云行,巡守也。象谓有所造立也,《易》曰“以制器者尚其象”。与谓所与共事也。果谓以勇决为之,若吴伐楚,楚司马子鱼卜战,令龟曰“鲋也以其属死之,楚师继之,尚大克之”吉,是也。
○瘳,敕留反。命龟,命亦作(zuo)令。,音灾。见,贤(xian)遍反。鲋,音附,《左(zuo)传》作(zuo)鲂。)
[疏]“以邦”至“曰瘳”
○释曰:云“以邦事”者,谓国家有大事须卜,故特作龟而命之,其事有八。
○注“国之”至“是也”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“国之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)待(dai)蓍龟(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)决者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)八(ba)(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi),除此(ci)八(ba)(ba)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)小事(shi)(shi)(shi),入於(wu)九筮(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)卜(bu)(bu),小事(shi)(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),此(ci)既(ji)大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)兼(jian)言(yan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)先(xian)(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)後(hou)卜(bu)(bu),故(gu)兼(jian)言(yan)蓍也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“定作其(qi)(qi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),於(wu)将卜(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)已上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er),士(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)。知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《士(shi)(shi)(shi)丧礼》,“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)‘哀子(zi)(zi)某(mou)(mou),为其(qi)(qi)父(fu)某(mou)(mou)甫筮(shi)(shi)(shi)宅(zhai),度兹幽宅(zhai)兆基,无(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)後(hou)艰’。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)许(xu)诺(nuo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”。注云(yun)(yun):“既(ji)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)申之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼略(lve)。凡(fan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),因会命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)为述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”及卜(bu)(bu)葬(zang)日(ri),云(yun)(yun):“莅卜(bu)(bu),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue):‘哀子(zi)(zi)某(mou)(mou),来(lai)日(ri)某(mou)(mou),卜(bu)(bu)葬(zang)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)某(mou)(mou)甫,考降无(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)近(jin)悔。’许(xu)诺(nuo),不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),还即(ji)席,乃(nai)西面坐,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)。”注云(yun)(yun):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),亦(yi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼略(lve)。凡(fan)卜(bu)(bu),述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)异(yi),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)重,威仪多也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),下(xia)无(wu)西面命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),明命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作一(yi)(yi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),则其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)在其(qi)(qi)中,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)因命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。卜(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),犹有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)西面命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),则知命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)与述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)异(yi),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)异(yi),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)重威仪多。是(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)礼命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)已上命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)辞(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《少牢》云(yun)(yun):“史执策受(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)主人(ren),曰(yue)(yue):‘孝孙某(mou)(mou),来(lai)日(ri)丁亥,用荐事(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)皇祖伯(bo)某(mou)(mou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)某(mou)(mou)妃配某(mou)(mou)氏(shi),尚飨。’史曰(yue)(yue)诺(nuo)。”又述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),曰(yue)(yue)“假尔大(da)(da)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)常,孝子(zi)(zi)某(mou)(mou)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),与前同。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前辞(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)冠述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)首。大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)得述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),即(ji)卜(bu)(bu)可(ke)得述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye),是(shi)(shi)知大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“征(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)(zheng)伐(fa)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“象(xiang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灾变云(yun)(yun)物(wu)(wu),如众(zhong)赤(chi)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)属有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)象(xiang)似”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按哀六年,楚子(zi)(zi)卒。是(shi)(shi)岁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)如众(zhong)赤(chi)鸟,夹日(ri)以(yi)(yi)(yi)飞三(san)日(ri),使(shi)问(wen)诸周大(da)(da)史。史曰(yue)(yue):“其(qi)(qi)当王身(shen)乎(hu)!若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)移令(ling)尹、司(si)马。”是(shi)(shi)赤(chi)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“《易》曰(yue)(yue)‘天垂(chui)象(xiang)见吉(ji)(ji)(ji)凶’,《春秋传》曰(yue)(yue)‘天事(shi)(shi)(shi)恒象(xiang)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)七年冬,“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)星孛(bei)於(wu)大(da)(da)辰,西及汉。申须曰(yue)(yue)‘彗(hui)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)除旧布(bu)新也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天事(shi)(shi)(shi)恒象(xiang)’”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)所(suo)(suo)解,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。“与谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)予人(ren)物(wu)(wu)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)“谋谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谋议”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。“果(guo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)成与不(bu)(bu)(bu)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)。云(yun)(yun)“至谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)至不(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),雨(yu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雨(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),瘳谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)疾瘳不(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,此(ci)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)行,巡(xun)守也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),增成先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)。知征(zheng)(zheng)兼(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巡(xun)守者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左氏(shi)传》郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)良霄(xiao)云(yun)(yun):“先(xian)(xian)王卜(bu)(bu)征(zheng)(zheng)五年,岁袭其(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)。”是(shi)(shi)征(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)得为巡(xun)狩之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《易》曰(yue)(yue)‘以(yi)(yi)(yi)制器者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尚其(qi)(qi)象(xiang)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《上系辞(ci)(ci)(ci)》文。注云(yun)(yun):“此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)存於(wu)器象(xiang),可(ke)得而(er)用。”一(yi)(yi)切器物(wu)(wu)及造立皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“与谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)与共(gong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)予人(ren)物(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与物(wu)(wu)情义(yi)可(ke)知,不(bu)(bu)(bu)须卜(bu)(bu)。与人(ren)共(gong)事(shi)(shi)(shi),得失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)知,故(gu)须卜(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“果(guo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)勇决为之(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)吴伐(fa)楚”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昭(zhao)(zhao)十(shi)七年,吴人(ren)伐(fa)楚,阳(yang)モ为令(ling)尹,卜(bu)(bu)战,不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)。司(si)马子(zi)(zi)鱼曰(yue)(yue):“我得上流,何故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)?且楚故(gu),司(si)马令(ling)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),我请改卜(bu)(bu)。”令(ling)曰(yue)(yue):“鲂也(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)属死之(zhi)(zhi),楚师继(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),尚大(da)(da)克之(zhi)(zhi)。”吉(ji)(ji)(ji)。战于长岸,子(zi)(zi)鱼先(xian)(xian)死,楚师继(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)艾吴师。是(shi)(shi)果(guo)决之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占,以观国家之吉凶,以诏救政。(郑司农云:“以此八事,命卜筮蓍,龟参之以,梦故曰以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占。《春秋传》曰:‘筮袭於梦,武王所用。’”玄谓赞,佐也。诏,告也。非徒占其事,吉则为,否则止,又佐明其繇之占,演其意,以视国家馀事之吉凶,凶则告王救其政。
○演,以善反。)
[疏]“以八”至“救政”
○释曰:云“以八命者赞《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占”者,以上文八事命龟之辞。赞,佐也。佐明《三兆》、《三易》、《三梦》之占辞,将此辞演出其意,以观国家之吉凶。诏,告也。凶则告凶,救其政,使王改过自新。
○注“郑司”至“其政”
○释(shi)曰:先郑云(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)八事,命(ming)卜筮(shi)蓍龟参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)梦(meng)”者(zhe),先筮(shi)後卜,圣人有大(da)事必梦(meng),故(gu)又(you)(you)参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)梦(meng)。云(yun)“故(gu)曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)八命(ming)者(zhe)赞《三(san)(san)兆(zhao)》、《三(san)(san)易》、《三(san)(san)梦(meng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”者(zhe),此(ci)先郑不(bu)释(shi)赞意(yi),後郑增成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)义(yi)。云(yun)“《春秋传》曰‘筮(shi)袭於(wu)梦(meng),武王(wang)所用(yong)’”者(zhe),按昭七年,《左传》云(yun),卫灵公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立,成(cheng)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)《周易》筮(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遇《屯》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《比》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)示史朝,史朝曰:“元(yuan)亨,又(you)(you)何疑焉(yan)。”又(you)(you)云(yun):“筮(shi)袭於(wu)梦(meng),武王(wang)所用(yong)也(ye),弗从何为。”《外传》曰“《大(da)誓》曰:‘朕梦(meng)协朕卜,袭於(wu)休祥,戎(rong)商必克(ke)。’”此(ci)《外》、《内传》相(xiang)包乃具,引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证梦(meng)与卜筮(shi)相(xiang)参(can)也(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓非徒占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)事,吉则(ze)为,否(fou)则(ze)止”者(zhe),此(ci)解以(yi)(yi)(yi)八命(ming)命(ming)龟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常事也(ye)。云(yun)“又(you)(you)佐明(ming)其(qi)(qi)繇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),演其(qi)(qi)意(yi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)视(shi)国家馀事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉凶(xiong)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)释(shi)八命(ming)者(zhe)赞《三(san)(san)兆(zhao)》、《三(san)(san)易》、《三(san)(san)梦(meng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)观国家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉凶(xiong)也(ye)。
凡国大贞,卜立君,卜大封,则氐高作龟。(卜立君,君无冢,卜可立者。卜大封,谓竟界侵削,卜以兵征之,若鲁昭元年秋,叔弓帅师疆郓田是也。视高,以龟骨高者可灼处示宗伯也。大事宗伯莅卜,卜用龟之腹骨,骨近足者其部高。郑司农云:“贞,问也。国有大疑,问於蓍龟。作龟,谓凿龟令可也。”玄谓贞之为问,问於正者,必先正之,乃从问焉。《易》曰:“师贞,丈人吉。”作龟,谓以火灼之,以作其兆也。春灼後左,夏灼前左,秋灼前右,冬灼後右。《士丧礼》曰:“宗人受卜人龟,示高莅卜,受视反之。”又曰:“卜人坐作龟。”
○氐,音(yin)(yin)示,下(xia)同。,丁历反(fan)(fan)。竟(jing),音(yin)(yin)境。疆(jiang),居良反(fan)(fan)。郓,音(yin)(yin)运。近,附近之近。令(ling),力呈(cheng)反(fan)(fan)。,人悦反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡国”至“作龟”
○释曰:言“凡国大贞”者,言“凡”非一。贞,正也。凡国家有大事,正问於龟之事有二,则卜立君、卜大封是也。云“则氐高作龟”者,凡卜法,在祢庙庙门阈外西南,北面,有席。先陈龟於庙门外之西塾上。又有贞龟,贞龟,谓正龟於阈外席上。又有莅卜、命龟、氐高、作龟,六节。尊者宜逸,卑者宜劳,从下向上差之,作龟、氐高二者劳事。以大贞事大,故大卜身为劳事,则大宗伯临卜,其馀陈龟、贞龟皆小宗伯为之也。
○注“卜立”至“作龟”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)无冢,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)立(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,若然,君(jun)无冢,则(ze)有卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)法(fa)(fa)。按昭二十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“王(wang)(wang)(wang)后无,则(ze)择立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)钧(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)(de)(de),德(de)(de)(de)(de)钧(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱(ai),公(gong)卿(qing)无私,古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制也”。何休以(yi)(yi)为(wei):“《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),三代异,建媵,别贵(gui)(gui)贱(jian),有侄娣(di),以(yi)(yi)广亲疏(shu),立(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)长(zhang),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)贤(xian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)子,以(yi)(yi)贵(gui)(gui)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)长(zhang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)后无明尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),义(yi)辞(ci)(ci)所(suo)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)。不(bu)以(yi)(yi)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)状难别,嫌有所(suo)私,故绝(jue)其(qi)(qi)怨望,防(fang)其(qi)(qi)觊觎。今如《左氏》言,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)钧(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)(de)(de),德(de)(de)(de)(de)钧(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。’君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)贤(xian),人(ren)(ren)必从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),岂复有卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)?隐、桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸,皆由(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)兴。乃(nai)曰古(gu)制,不(bu)亦(yi)谬哉!又大(da)夫(fu)不(bu)世(shi),如并为(wei)公(gong)卿(qing)通计嗣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),《左氏》为(wei)短。”玄(xuan)(xuan)箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“立(li)(li)(li)(li)固以(yi)(yi)长(zhang)矣,无而(er)立(li)(li)(li)(li)子,固以(yi)(yi)贵(gui)(gui)矣。今言无则(ze)择立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang),谓(wei)(wei)贵(gui)(gui)均(jun)(jun)(jun)如立(li)(li)(li)(li)长(zhang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)得(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun),则(ze)会群(qun)臣、群(qun)吏、万民而(er)询(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有司以(yi)(yi)序进(jin)而(er)问,大(da)众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口,非(fei)君(jun)所(suo)能掩(yan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)得(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)也。礼(li)有询(xun)立(li)(li)(li)(li)君(jun),示(shi)(shi)义(yi)在此,距之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言谬,失《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》与《礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)矣。公(gong)卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)立(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有功德(de)(de)(de)(de),先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,有所(suo)不(bu)犯。如是(shi)(shi)(shi),宅中卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)君(jun),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)德(de)(de)(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)也。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)封谓(wei)(wei)竟界(jie)侵削,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)交(jiao)征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若鲁(lu)昭元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),叔弓帅师(shi)疆郓(yun)田是(shi)(shi)(shi)也”,按彼莒鲁(lu)争(zheng)郓(yun),故鲁(lu)叔弓往定其(qi)(qi)疆界(jie),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)出兵,故须卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)吉凶也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“视高(gao)(gao)(gao),以(yi)(yi)龟骨高(gao)(gao)(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)处示(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)言示(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯,则(ze)“示(shi)(shi)”字不(bu)得(de)(de)为(wei)“视”,但古(gu)字通用(yong),以(yi)(yi)目(mu)视物,以(yi)(yi)物示(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren),同为(wei)视也。知(zhi)“大(da)事(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘祀大(da)神,享大(da)鬼,祭大(da)示(shi)(shi),帅执事(shi)而(er)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日。’”官尊,故知(zhi)莅(li)(li)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)事(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯,临则(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)不(bu)使(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯,故下文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡小(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)莅(li)(li)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)龟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腹骨,骨近足(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)部高(gao)(gao)(gao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言龟近四(si)足(zu)(zu)其(qi)(qi)下腹,骨部然而(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao),高(gao)(gao)(gao)处灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贞(zhen),问也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)正(zheng)意问龟,非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)训贞(zhen)为(wei)问也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)有大(da)疑,问於(wu)蓍龟”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),义(yi)取《尚书·洪范(fan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“女则(ze)有大(da)疑,谋及乃(nai)心,谋及卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)龟,谓(wei)(wei)凿(zao)令可(ke)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按下《氏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),以(yi)(yi)明火ㄡ。”凿(zao)即灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)也,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)令可(ke)也。玄(xuan)(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)《易(yi)》曰“师(shi)贞(zhen),丈人(ren)(ren)吉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此《师(shi)卦》繇辞(ci)(ci)。丈人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),严(yan)庄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)(ci)。则(ze)法(fa)(fa)须严(yan)庄则(ze)吉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)龟,谓(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)火灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)其(qi)(qi)兆也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),作(zuo),谓(wei)(wei)发使(shi)拆(chai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)後左”已下,并取义(yi)於(wu)《礼(li)记·中庸》,故彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)家将兴亡,见於(wu)蓍龟,动於(wu)四(si)体”。郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“四(si)体,龟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)足(zu)(zu)”,亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“春(chun)(chun)占後左,夏占前左,秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)占前右(you),冬(dong)占後右(you)。”彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占,此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo),即灼(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)(zhuo)而(er)占之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)一也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《士丧礼(li)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼谓(wei)(wei)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬日,引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证有示(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)作(zuo)龟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)事(shi),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)长(zhang)尊,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也。
大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si),则氐高命龟(gui)。(命龟(gui),告龟(gui)以所卜之事。不(bu)亲作龟(gui)者,大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)轻(qing)於大(da)贞(zhen)也。《士丧礼(li)》曰(yue):“宗人(ren)即席(xi)西(xi)面坐,命龟(gui)。”)
[疏]“大祭”至“命龟”
○释曰:云“不(bu)亲作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者,大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen)也”者,大(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen)之内,有立(li)君、大(da)(da)(da)封,大(da)(da)(da)卜作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)命龟(gui)(gui)(gui)。此大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀不(bu)作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),进使命龟(gui)(gui)(gui),作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)是劳事,故(gu)云大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀轻(qing)於大(da)(da)(da)贞(zhen)也。引《士丧礼》“宗人即席西面坐,命龟(gui)(gui)(gui)”者,证天子命龟(gui)(gui)(gui)处所与士礼同。
凡小事,莅(li)卜。(代宗(zong)伯。)
[疏]“凡小事?卜”
○释曰:凡大(da)事(shi)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)筮(shi)(shi)。若事(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),当入(ru)九筮(shi)(shi),不(bu)合入(ru)此(ci)(ci)大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。《大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)》云小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)谓(wei)就大(da)事(shi)中差小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe),非(fei)谓(wei)筮(shi)(shi)人(ren)之小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)也。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)事(shi)既大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),则(ze)其(qi)(qi)馀仍有(you)(you)陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)已下(xia),则(ze)陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、视高,皆(jie)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师为(wei)之。其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),则(ze)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)也。大(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)六(liu)命(ming)(ming)卿,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宗伯(bo)(bo)四命(ming)(ming)中大(da)夫,大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦四命(ming)(ming)下(xia)大(da)夫。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师上士。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)中士。其(qi)(qi)大(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)视高作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),其(qi)(qi)中陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),皆(jie)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宗伯(bo)(bo)为(wei)之。下(xia)文大(da)迁、大(da)师,大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贞(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)贞(zhen)(zhen)。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)上有(you)(you)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),亦大(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)为(wei)之,陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)亦宜小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宗伯(bo)(bo)也。其(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、视高,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师。作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)。次(ci)下(xia)云“凡旅陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”,则(ze)莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仍是(shi)大(da)宗伯(bo)(bo)。贞(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、视高皆(jie)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师,亦卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。次(ci)下(xia)云“凡丧(sang)事(shi)命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”,命(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之上有(you)(you)陈(chen)(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),亦《小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宗伯(bo)(bo)》,莅卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)还是(shi)大(da)宗伯(bo)(bo),视高、作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)师也。
国大迁、大师,则贞龟。(正龟於卜位也。《士丧礼》曰“卜人抱龟ㄡ,先奠龟西首”是也。又不亲命龟,亦大迁、大师轻於大祭祀也。
○ㄡ,哉约反。)
[疏]“国大”至“贞龟”
○释曰:正(zheng)龟(gui)於(wu)卜位(wei),卜位(wei),即阈外席上也。故引《士丧礼》为证也。云“又不(bu)亲(qin)命(ming)龟(gui),亦大迁、大师轻於(wu)大祭(ji)祀(si)”者,以(yi)命(ming)龟(gui)在贞龟(gui)後而为劳,故云轻於(wu)大祭(ji)祀(si)也。
凡旅,陈龟。(陈龟於馔处也。《士丧礼》曰“卜人先奠龟於西塾上,南首”是也。不亲贞龟,亦以卜旅祭非常,轻於大迁大师也。
○塾,音(yin)孰,旧音(yin)育。)
[疏]“凡旅陈龟”
○释(shi)曰:云“陈龟於馔处(chu)也”者,馔处(chu),谓在(zai)西塾南首,故引《士丧(sang)礼》为证也。云“亦以(yi)卜旅(lv)祭非常,轻(qing)於大迁大师(shi)(shi)”者,按《大宗伯(bo)》:“国有故,旅(lv)上帝及(ji)四望。”则祀(si)天亦是(shi)大祭祀(si),而轻(qing)於大迁、大师(shi)(shi)退在(zai)下者,郑以(yi)旅(lv)为非常祭故也。
凡丧(sang)事命龟。(重丧(sang)礼,次大祭(ji)祀也(ye)。士丧(sang)礼则筮宅、卜曰,天子卜葬(zang)兆。凡大事,大卜陈龟、贞龟、命龟、视(shi)高,其他以差降焉(yan)。)
[疏]“凡丧事命龟”
○释曰:云(yun)“重丧礼,次(ci)(ci)大祭(ji)祀也”者,大祭(ji)祀,大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)非(fei)直命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),兼视高(gao)。此(ci)丧事(shi)亦命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),与(yu)(yu)大祭(ji)祀同(tong),但不兼视高(gao),即轻(qing)於大祭(ji)祀也。但以(yi)(yi)丧事(shi)为终,故文退在“凡(fan)旅(lv)”下也。云(yun)“《士(shi)丧礼》则(ze)筮宅(zhai)(zhai)、卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日,天子卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)兆(zhao)”者,欲见此(ci)经(jing)天子法,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)日与(yu)(yu)士(shi)同(tong),其(qi)宅(zhai)(zhai)亦卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之,与(yu)(yu)士(shi)异。《孝经(jing)》云(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)其(qi)宅(zhai)(zhai)兆(zhao)”,亦据大夫以(yi)(yi)上,若士(shi)则(ze)筮宅(zhai)(zhai)也。云(yun)“凡(fan)大事(shi),大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)、命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)、视高(gao)”者,据此(ci),大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所(suo)掌,皆是大事(shi),故大卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),或贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),或视高(gao)。虽不言作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),於大贞(zhen)亦作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),不言之者,在其(qi)他以(yi)(yi)差(cha)降之中。云(yun)“其(qi)他以(yi)(yi)差(cha)降”者,更有临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已下至作(zuo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),官之尊卑以(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)为之是也。按上所(suo)解陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)在前(qian),重於命(ming)梗而《士(shi)丧礼》“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)人(ren)卑而陈(chen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),宗人(ren)尊而命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)在後”者,士(shi)之官少,故所(suo)执不依(yi)官之尊卑也。
卜师掌开龟之四兆,一曰方兆,二曰功兆,三曰义兆,四曰弓兆。(开,开出其占书也。经兆百二十体,今言四兆者,分之为四部,若《易》之二篇。《书·金》曰“开见书”,是谓与?其云方、功、义、弓之名,未闻。
○与,音馀。)
[疏]“卜师”至“弓兆”
○释曰:云(yun)“开(kai),开(kai)出(chu)其占(zhan)(zhan)书也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),郑意(yi)兆(zhao)(zhao)出(chu)於龟,其体一(yi)百二十(shi)。今云(yun)用龟之(zhi)四(si)兆(zhao)(zhao),谓(wei)开(kai)出(chu)其占(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)书,分(fen)为四(si)部,若《易》之(zhi)二篇,故引《金》为证也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“开(kai)见书”,谓(wei)启匮(kui)以,乃见其书。云(yun)“是谓(wei)与(yu)”者(zhe),但(dan)开(kai)出(chu)占(zhan)(zhan)兆(zhao)(zhao)书为四(si)兆(zhao)(zhao),以意(yi)言,无正文,故云(yun)是谓(wei)与(yu),以疑之(zhi)。云(yun)“其云(yun)方(fang)功义(yi)弓之(zhi)名,未闻”者(zhe),但(dan)名此四(si)部为方(fang)功义(yi)弓,必有其义(yi),但(dan)无文,以言疑事(shi)无质,故云(yun)未闻也(ye)(ye)。
凡卜事(shi),氐高。(示(shi)莅卜也。)
[疏]“凡卜事氐高”
○释曰:按上《大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)》而言,则大(da)贞使大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)氐高。今云“凡卜(bu)(bu)(bu)氐高”者,谓大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)不氐高者,皆(jie)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师氐高,以龟高处示临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)也。
扬火以作龟(gui),致其墨。(扬犹炽也。致其墨者(zhe),孰灼之,明其兆。)
[疏]“扬火”至“其墨”
○释曰(yue):“致其(qi)墨者(zhe),孰灼之(zhi),明(ming)其(qi)兆(zhao)”者(zhe),按《占人》注:“墨,兆(zhao)广也。墨大坼明(ming)则逢吉。”坼称明(ming),墨称大。今(jin)郑云“孰灼之(zhi)明(ming)其(qi)兆(zhao)”以(yi)解墨者(zhe),彼各偏据一(yi)边而(er)言,其(qi)实墨大兼(jian)明(ming),乃可得(de)吉,故以(yi)明(ming)解墨。
凡卜,辨龟之上下左右阴阳,以授命龟者而诏相之。(所卜者当各用其龟也。大祭祀、丧事,大卜命龟,则大贞小宗伯命龟,其他卜师命龟,卜人作龟。卜人作龟,则亦辨龟以授卜师。上,仰者也。下,俯者也。左,左倪也。右,右倪也。阴,後也。阳,前也。诏相,告以其辞及威仪。
○辨,如字,刘皮勉反(fan)。倪,五计反(fan),又五未反(fan)。,於捡反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“相之”
○释曰:卜师辨此龟上下左右阴阳六种授命龟者,据《大卜》,命龟之无定,俱是命龟,即辨而授之。
○注“所卜”至“威仪”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“所(suo)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)各用其龟(gui)(gui)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)上(shang)(shang)下左右(you)阴阳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)祭(ji)祀、丧事(shi)”已(yi)下,皆据(ju)《大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)》而言。郑知(zhi)(zhi)大(da)贞(zhen)小(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其大(da)贞(zhen),大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)下大(da)夫视高,视高之上(shang)(shang)有命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)、贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui)、陈龟(gui)(gui),小(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)中大(da)夫,尊於大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),卑於大(da)宗(zong)伯(bo),故知(zhi)(zhi)大(da)贞(zhen)小(xiao)宗(zong)伯(bo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其他(ta)(ta)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其他(ta)(ta),谓凡小(xiao)事(shi)大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),临卜(bu)(bu)(bu),大(da)迁、大(da)师(shi)大(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)贞(zhen)龟(gui)(gui),凡旅陈龟(gui)(gui);如(ru)此(ci)之辈,则(ze)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui),则(ze)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人作龟(gui)(gui)。卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人灼(zhuo)龟(gui)(gui),则(ze)亦辨龟(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)授卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)。按《序官》,卜(bu)(bu)(bu)人中士八人,於此(ci)不(bu)列其职者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其与卜(bu)(bu)(bu)师(shi)同职,不(bu)见之也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)仰(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun):“仰(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谢。”言此(ci)经“上(shang)(shang)”,即(ji)《尔(er)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)“仰(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)。此(ci)已(yi)下皆据(ju)《尔(er)雅(ya)》及(ji)(ji)下文而言。按《尔(er)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun):“龟(gui)(gui),俯者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)灵(ling),行(xing)(xing)(xing)头低(di)。仰(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谢,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头仰(yang)。前诸果,甲前长(zhang)。後诸猎(lie),甲後长(zhang)。左倪不(bu)类,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头左Φ。右(you)倪不(bu)若,行(xing)(xing)(xing)头右(you)Φ。”故郑据(ju)而言焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)“诏相,告以(yi)(yi)其辞(ci)及(ji)(ji)威(wei)(wei)仪”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辞(ci),谓命(ming)(ming)(ming)龟(gui)(gui)之辞(ci)。威(wei)(wei)仪者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若《士丧礼》卜(bu)(bu)(bu)日在庙门(men)(men)外,临卜(bu)(bu)(bu)在门(men)(men)东(dong),西面,龟(gui)(gui)在阈外席上(shang)(shang),西首(shou),执事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)门(men)(men)西,东(dong)面,行(xing)(xing)(xing)立皆是(shi)威(wei)(wei)仪之事(shi)也(ye)。
龟人掌六龟之属,各有名物。天龟曰灵属,地龟曰绎属,东龟曰果属,西龟曰雷属,南龟曰猎属,北龟曰若属。各以其方之色与其体辨之。(属,言非一也。色,谓天龟玄,地龟黄,东龟青,西龟白,南龟赤,北龟黑。龟俯者灵,仰者绎,前果,後猎,左倪雷,右倪若,是其体也。东龟南龟长前後,在阳,象经也;西龟北龟长左右,在阴,象纬也。天龟俯,地龟仰,东龟前,南龟,西龟左,北龟右,各从其耦也。杜子春读果为。
○绎,音亦。果,鲁火(huo)反(fan),注同。雷(lei),力胃反(fan),又如字。,起(qi)略反(fan)。)
[疏]“龟人”至“辨之”
○释曰:云“各有名物”,物,色也。六方之龟各有其名,其色各异也。
○注“属言”至“为羸”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“龟(gui)俯者(zhe)灵”已下(xia)(xia),郑(zheng)亦取《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俯者(zhe)灵”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天龟(gui)曰(yue)灵属,为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)。但天在(zai)上(shang),法之(zhi)(zhi),故向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)低(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仰(yang)者(zhe)绎”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地龟(gui)曰(yue)绎,同(tong)(tong)称(cheng)(cheng),故为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)。但地在(zai)下(xia)(xia),法之(zhi)(zhi),故向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)仰(yang)。《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)果(guo)”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“东(dong)(dong)(dong)龟(gui)曰(yue)果(guo)”同(tong)(tong)称(cheng)(cheng)果(guo),故为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu),但在(zai)阳方(fang),故甲向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),长(zhang)而(er)後(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後(hou)猎(lie)(lie)”者(zhe),《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“後(hou)猎(lie)(lie)”,此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“南(nan)(nan)龟(gui)曰(yue)猎(lie)(lie)”,故为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu),亦在(zai)阳方(fang),故甲後(hou)长(zhang)而(er)後(hou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左倪(ni)雷(lei)”者(zhe),《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“左倪(ni)不(bu)类”,不(bu)类即雷(lei),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)在(zai)阴(yin)(yin)方(fang),故不(bu)能(neng)长(zhang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)後(hou),而(er)头向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左相睥(pi)睨(ni)然。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右(you)倪(ni)若(ruo)”者(zhe),《尔(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“右(you)倪(ni)不(bu)若(ruo)”,不(bu)若(ruo)即若(ruo)也(ye)(ye)。同(tong)(tong)称(cheng)(cheng)若(ruo),故为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu),亦在(zai)阴(yin)(yin)方(fang),故亦不(bu)长(zhang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)後(hou),而(er)头向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)睥(pi)睨(ni)然。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是其(qi)体(ti)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),体(ti)有二法,此(ci)(ci)经体(ti)据(ju)(ju)头甲而(er)言(yan),《占人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君占体(ti)”,体(ti),谓(wei)兆象,与此(ci)(ci)异也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“东(dong)(dong)(dong)龟(gui)南(nan)(nan)龟(gui)长(zhang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)後(hou),在(zai)阳,象经也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),据(ju)(ju)甲而(er)言(yan)。凡(fan)天地之(zhi)(zhi)间,南(nan)(nan)北为(wei)(wei)经,东(dong)(dong)(dong)西为(wei)(wei)纬。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“西龟(gui)北龟(gui)长(zhang)左右(you),在(zai)阴(yin)(yin),象纬也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),据(ju)(ju)头为(wei)(wei)说。此(ci)(ci)解称(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)猎(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天龟(gui)俯,地龟(gui)仰(yang),东(dong)(dong)(dong)龟(gui)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),南(nan)(nan)龟(gui),西龟(gui)左,北龟(gui)右(you),各(ge)从其(qi)耦”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)解两两相,对为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)短(duan)低(di)(di)仰(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。杜子春读(du)“果(guo)”为(wei)(wei)“羸”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)龟(gui)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)甲长(zhang),後(hou)甲短(duan),露出(chu)边,为(wei)(wei)羸露,得(de)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi),故郑(zheng)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)下(xia)(xia)。
凡取龟用秋时,攻龟用春时,各以其物入于龟室。(六龟各异室也。秋取龟,及万物成也。攻,治也。治龟骨以春,是时乾解不发伤也。
○解,音(yin)蟹,一音(yin)隹买反。)
[疏]注“六龟”至“伤也”
○释曰:云“各以其物入(ru)于龟(gui)(gui)室”,龟(gui)(gui)有六(liu)室。物,色(se)也。六(liu)龟(gui)(gui)各入(ru)於(wu)一室。以其蓍龟(gui)(gui)岁易,秋(qiu)取(qu)春(chun)攻讫,即欲易去前龟(gui)(gui)也。
上春衅龟,祭祀先卜。(衅者,杀牲以血之,神之也。郑司农云:“祭祀先卜者,卜其日与其牲。”玄谓先卜,始用卜筮者,言祭言祀,尊焉天地之也。《世本·作》曰“巫咸作筮”。卜,未闻其人也。是上春者,夏正建寅之月,《月令·孟冬》云“衅祠龟策”,相互矣。秦以十月建亥为岁首,则《月令》秦世之书,亦或欲以岁首衅龟耳。
○衅,许(xu)靳反。)
[疏]注“衅者”至“龟耳”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衅(xin)者(zhe)杀牲以血(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若《礼记(ji)·杂(za)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庙成则(ze)衅(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,庙用羊,门夹室用鸡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆是神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)血(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“祭祀(si)先卜(bu)者(zhe),卜(bu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)日与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)牲。”後(hou)郑(zheng)不从者(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)(qi)此(ci)官不主(zhu)卜(bu)事,故(gu)(gu)不从也(ye),故(gu)(gu)解先卜(bu)始用卜(bu)筮者(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)祭言(yan)祀(si),尊(zun)焉(yan)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe),按《大(da)宗伯》,天(tian)称祀(si),地称血(xue)祭,是天(tian)地称祭祀(si);今(jin)此(ci)先卜(bu),是人(ren)(ren),应曰享,而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祭祀(si),与(yu)天(tian)地同(tong)(tong)称,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尊(zun)焉(yan)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《世(shi)本(ben)·作(zuo)》曰‘巫咸作(zuo)筮’,卜(bu),未闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)”者(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卜(bu)筮者(zhe),先圣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以信时日”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)《易》所作(zuo),即伏(fu)牺为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。但未有探(tan)蓍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,至巫咸乃教人(ren)(ren)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)巫咸得作(zuo)筮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。未闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)源。《世(shi)本(ben)》又不言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是上(shang)春者(zhe),夏正建寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,《月令·孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘衅(xin)祠(ci)龟(gui)(gui)策’,相互矣”者(zhe),然(ran)周与(yu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)各(ge)二时衅(xin)龟(gui)(gui)策,《月令》孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)衅(xin),则(ze)周孟(meng)冬(dong)(dong)亦(yi)(yi)衅(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。周以建寅(yin)上(shang)春衅(xin),秦(qin)(qin)(qin)亦(yi)(yi)建寅(yin)上(shang)春衅(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)相互也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以十月建亥(hai)为(wei)岁首(shou)(shou),则(ze)《月令》秦(qin)(qin)(qin)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书,亦(yi)(yi)或欲以岁首(shou)(shou)衅(xin)龟(gui)(gui)耳”者(zhe),若据此(ci)注(zhu),则(ze)周秦(qin)(qin)(qin)各(ge)一(yi)时衅(xin),此(ci)郑(zheng)两解。按《月令》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“《周礼》龟(gui)(gui)人(ren)(ren)上(shang)春衅(xin)龟(gui)(gui),谓(wei)(wei)建寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)以其(qi)(qi)(qi)岁首(shou)(shou)使大(da)史衅(xin)龟(gui)(gui)策,与(yu)周异矣。”彼注(zhu)与(yu)此(ci)後(hou)注(zhu)义同(tong)(tong)也(ye)。
若有祭祀,则奉龟以往。(奉犹送也。送之所当於(wu)卜。)
[疏]“若有”至“以往”
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)云祭事,不(bu)辨外内,则(ze)外内俱当(dang)卜,皆(jie)奉龟以往所(suo)当(dang)卜处。
旅亦如之(zhi),丧亦如之(zhi)。
[疏]“旅亦”至“如之”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):旅,谓祈(qi)祷天地(di)及山川。丧,谓卜事宅及日。皆(jie)亦奉龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)往(wang)卜处(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。按《尔(er)雅》有十龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)最神明者(zhe)。二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),涪(fu)陵郡出(chu)(chu)大龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),甲可以卜,缘中文(wen)(wen)似玳瑁(mao),俗呼为灵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),即(ji)今大觜龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵,能鸣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)摄龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),小(xiao)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),腹(fu)甲曲(qu)折,解能自张闭,好食(shi)蛇,江东呼为陵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宝龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),大宝龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)文(wen)(wen)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),甲有文(wen)(wen)采(cai)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《河图》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“灵龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)负书,丹甲青文(wen)(wen)。”六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蓍龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),常在蓍丛下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)水龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),十曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)火(huo)(huo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。山泽水火(huo)(huo),皆(jie)说生出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)处(chu)所也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。火(huo)(huo)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),犹火(huo)(huo)鼠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
氏掌共ㄡ契,以待卜事。(杜子春云:“ㄡ读为细目ㄡ之ㄡ,或曰如薪樵之樵,谓所灼龟之木也,故谓之樵。契谓契龟之凿也。《诗》云‘爰始爰谋,爰契我龟’。”玄谓《士丧礼》曰:“楚享置于ㄡ,在龟东。”楚享,即契所用灼龟也。ㄡ谓炬,其存火。
○,本(ben)(ben)又(you)(you)(you)(you)作,同时(shi)髓反(fan)。ㄡ,哉约(yue)反(fan),李又(you)(you)(you)(you)俎(zu)尧(yao)反(fan),一音(yin)哉益(yi)反(fan)。契,苦计反(fan)。刘,苦反(fan)。樵,在(zai)消(xiao)反(fan)。享,吐敦反(fan),又(you)(you)(you)(you)徒敦反(fan),又(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)闷(men)反(fan),又(you)(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)(zu)闷(men)反(fan),一音(yin)纯,本(ben)(ben)一音(yin)祖(zu)(zu)馆反(fan)。炬,具吕(lv)反(fan)。)
[疏]“氏”至“卜事”
○释曰:子春读(du)“ㄡ”、“樵(qiao)”二者(zhe)(zhe),皆作俗读(du)为柴樵(qiao)之樵(qiao),後郑不从,依音为雀(que),意取《庄子》爝火之义,荧荧然也。“玄谓《士丧(sang)礼》曰,楚享(xiang)(xiang)置于(yu)ㄡ,在(zai)龟(gui)东”者(zhe)(zhe),谓陈龟(gui)於西塾上,龟(gui)南(nan)首(shou),ㄡ在(zai)龟(gui)东,置楚享(xiang)(xiang)于(yu)左(zuo),言楚享(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe),谓荆为楚,用之享(xiang)(xiang)龟(gui)开(kai)兆,故云(yun)楚享(xiang)(xiang)也。
凡卜,以明火ㄡ,遂龠其契,以授卜师,遂役之。(杜子春云:“明火,以阳燧取火於日。读为英俊之俊。书亦或为俊。”玄谓读如戈之,谓以契柱ㄡ火而吹之也。契既然,以授卜师,用作龟也。役之,使助之。
○,音俊,又存闷反(fan)(fan),又祖(zu)闷反(fan)(fan),李祖(zu)馆(guan)反(fan)(fan)。,存闷反(fan)(fan),刘祖(zu)闷反(fan)(fan)。柱,张注(zhu)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“役之”
○释曰:云“遂吹其契,以授卜师”者,谓若大卜视高已上,则卜师作龟,故以契授卜师。若差次使卜人作龟,则授卜人。言“遂役之”者,因事曰遂。以因授契讫,即授卜师所役使也。
○注“杜子”至“助之”
○释曰:子春云(yun)(yun)“明火,以(yi)阳(yang)燧取火於日”者,此(ci)《秋(qiu)官·司ピ氏职》文。谓(wei)将此(ci)明火以(yi)烧樵(qiao)使然也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“读(du)为英俊(jun)之俊(jun)”者,意取荆(jing)樵(qiao)之中英俊(jun)者为楚享(xiang),用(yong)之灼(zhuo)龟(gui)也(ye)(ye)。後郑(zheng)读(du)“”为“戈(ge)”之者,读(du)从《曲礼》云(yun)(yun)“进(jin)戈(ge)者前其(qi)”,意取锐(rui)头以(yi)灼(zhuo)龟(gui)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)以(yi)契(qi)(qi)柱ㄡ火而吹(chui)之也(ye)(ye)”者,解经“遂吹(chui)其(qi)契(qi)(qi)”,谓(wei)将此(ci)契(qi)(qi)以(yi)柱於樵(qiao)火,吹(chui)之使炽(chi)也(ye)(ye)。
占人掌占龟,以八{备逯}占八颂,以八卦占{备逯}之八故,以氐吉凶。(占人亦占筮,言掌占龟者,筮短龟长,主於长者。以八筮占八颂,谓将卜八事,先以筮筮之。言颂者,同於龟占也。以八卦占筮之八故,谓八事不卜而徒筮之也。其非八事,则用九筮,占人亦占焉。
○{备逯},音筮。长(zhang),如字(zi),下(xia)同。)
[疏]“占人”至“吉凶”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),言掌占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),主於(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)颂”,又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)故(gu)”,并是占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)首(shou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)掌占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)主於(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑知(zhi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《左氏》僖四(si)年传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘初(chu),晋献公(gong)欲以(yi)(yi)骊姬为夫人(ren)(ren)(ren),卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)吉。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吉。公(gong)从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。卜(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue):‘筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),不(bu)如从长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。’”是龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)知(zhi)一二(er)三四(si)五天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)数(shu),知(zhi)本。《易(yi)》知(zhi)七八(ba)(ba)九(jiu)六之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成数(shu),知(zhi)未。是以(yi)(yi)僖十(shi)五年传,韩简云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物生(sheng)而後(hou)有象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)而後(hou)有滋,滋而後(hou)有数(shu)。”故(gu)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。如《易(yi)》,历(li)三圣而穷(qiong)理尽性,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)短(duan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)《易(yi)》虽穷(qiong)理尽性,仍六经(jing)并列。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繇辞(ci),譬若谶纬,图书不(bu)见,不(bu)可(ke)测(ce)量,故(gu)为长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)短(duan)。马(ma)融曰(yue)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)短(duan),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)史(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非郑义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)颂,谓将卜(bu)八(ba)(ba)事,先以(yi)(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡大(da)(da)事皆先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而後(hou)卜(bu),此八(ba)(ba),还是上文大(da)(da)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua),自(zi)用《易(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爻占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆,用颂辞(ci)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)言八(ba)(ba)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)八(ba)(ba)颂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同(tong)(tong)於(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)吉凶是同(tong)(tong),故(gu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)亦(yi)名颂,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)於(wu)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)繇辞(ci)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)八(ba)(ba)卦(gua)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)故(gu),谓八(ba)(ba)事不(bu)卜(bu)而徒筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此出人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。此八(ba)(ba)事即《大(da)(da)卜(bu)》大(da)(da)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)故(gu),令先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)後(hou)卜(bu),今(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)欲得徒筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吉凶,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)则(ze)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)假更卜(bu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)(ba)故(gu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“非八(ba)(ba)事,则(ze)用九(jiu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即下《筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九(jiu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦(yi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)焉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)於(wu)此占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),明(ming)下九(jiu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡(fan)卜{备逯},君占体(ti),大夫占色(se),史(shi)占墨(mo),卜人(ren)占坼。(体(ti),兆象也(ye)(ye)。色(se),兆气也(ye)(ye)。墨(mo),兆广(guang)也(ye)(ye)。圻,兆也(ye)(ye)。体(ti)有(you)吉(ji)凶,色(se)有(you)善(shan)恶,墨(mo)有(you)大小,坼有(you)微明。尊者(zhe)视兆象而已,卑(bei)者(zhe)以次详其(qi)馀也(ye)(ye)。周公卜武(wu)王(wang),占之曰(yue)“体(ti),王(wang)其(qi)无害”。凡(fan)卜象吉(ji),色(se)善(shan),墨(mo)大,坼明,则逢吉(ji)。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“占坼”
○释曰:此(ci)君体已下,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)卜而(er)言(yan),而(er)兼云(yun)(yun)筮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡卜皆(jie)(jie)(jie)先筮,故连言(yan)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“体,兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)象也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓金木(mu)水火土五(wu)种(zhong)之(zhi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。言(yan)体言(yan)象者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)墨(mo)纵横(heng),其(qi)形体象以金木(mu)水火土也(ye)。凡卜欲(yu)作龟之(zhi)时,灼龟之(zhi)四足(zu),依(yi)四时而(er)灼之(zhi)。其(qi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)直上(shang)向背者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)木(mu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),直下向足(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)水兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),邪(xie)向背者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)火兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),邪(xie)向下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)金兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),横(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)土兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),是(shi)(shi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)象也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“色(se)(se),兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)气(qi)(qi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),就(jiu)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)中(zhong)视其(qi)色(se)(se)气(qi)(qi),似有(you)(you)雨(yu)及(ji)雨(yu)止(zhi)之(zhi)等,是(shi)(shi)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)色(se)(se)也(ye)。“墨(mo),兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)广也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)正衅处为(wei)(wei)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)广。“坼(che)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)衅”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),就(jiu)正墨(mo)旁有(you)(you)奇衅钅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)兆(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)衅也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“体有(you)(you)吉(ji)凶(xiong),色(se)(se)有(you)(you)善(shan)恶(e),墨(mo)有(you)(you)大小,坼(che)有(you)(you)微明(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)郑(zheng)後(hou)云(yun)(yun)“象吉(ji),色(se)(se)善(shan),墨(mo)大,坼(che)明(ming),则(ze)逢吉(ji)”。若然(ran),则(ze)此(ci)四者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各(ge)举(ju)一(yi)(yi)边而(er)言(yan),则(ze)善(shan)与(yu)大及(ji)明(ming)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)吉(ji),恶(e)小及(ji)微皆(jie)(jie)(jie)凶(xiong)也(ye)。引周公卜武王(wang),是(shi)(shi)《尚(shang)书(shu)·金》。彼为(wei)(wei)武王(wang)有(you)(you)疾,不愈,恐死(si),周公欲(yu)代武王(wang)死(si),为(wei)(wei)三坛,因告大王(wang)、王(wang)季、文王(wang)以请天,未知天之(zhi)许不,故坛所即卜,云(yun)(yun):“三龟一(yi)(yi)习吉(ji),启(qi)见书(shu),乃并(bing)是(shi)(shi)吉(ji),周公曰:‘体,王(wang)其(qi)无害。’”引之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证君占体之(zhi)事也(ye)。
凡卜{备逯}既事,则系币以比其命,岁终,则计其占之中否。(杜子春云:“系币者,以帛书其占,系之於龟也。”云谓既卜筮,史必书其命龟之事及兆於策,系其礼神之币,而合藏焉。《书》曰:“王与大夫尽弁,开金之书,乃得周公所自以为功,代武王之说。”是命龟书。
○,音系。比(bi),毗(pi)志反,一音必履反。中(zhong),丁(ding)仲反。)
[疏]“凡卜”至“中否”
○释曰:“既事”者,卜筮事讫。卜筮皆有礼神之币及命龟筮之辞。书其辞及兆於简策之上,并系其币,合藏府库之中。至岁终,总计占之中否,而句考之。
○注“杜子”至“龟书”
○释曰:子春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“系币者(zhe),以(yi)帛书(shu)其占,系之(zhi)(zhi)於龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)也”者(zhe),後郑不(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)其命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)事及(ji)兆於策”者(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)既卜筮(shi)(shi),即筮(shi)(shi)亦(yi)有命(ming)筮(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)及(ji)卦,不(bu)言(yan)者(zhe),举(ju)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)重者(zhe),而(er)略筮(shi)(shi)不(bu)言(yan)可知。或有筮(shi)(shi)短(duan)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)长(zhang),直据龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)言(yan),其筮(shi)(shi)则否。“《书(shu)》曰”已下(xia),亦(yi)《金》文。案彼(bi)武王(wang)崩後,周公将摄政(zheng),遭(zao)管蔡流言(yan),成王(wang)未寤,遭(zao)雷风之(zhi)(zhi)变,王(wang)与(yu)大夫尽弁(bian)。弁(bian),谓爵弁(bian),应天变之(zhi)(zhi)服。以(yi)启金之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),乃(nai)得周公所自以(yi)为功之(zhi)(zhi)事也,事,谓请命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)事,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“代武王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)说,是命(ming)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)书(shu)”也。引之(zhi)(zhi),证比其命(ming)藏之(zhi)(zhi)事也。
{备逯}人掌《三易》,以辨九{备逯}之名,一曰《连山》,二曰《归藏》,三曰《周易》。九{备逯}之名,一曰巫更,二曰巫咸,三曰巫式,四曰巫目,五曰巫易,六曰巫比,七曰巫祠,八曰巫参,九曰巫环,以辨吉凶。(此九巫读皆当为筮,字之误也。更,谓筮迁都邑也。咸犹佥也,谓筮众心欢不也。式,谓筮制作法式也。目,谓事众筮其要所当也。易,谓民众不说,筮所改易也。比,谓筮与民和比也。祠,谓筮牲与日也。参,谓筮御与右也。环,谓筮可致师不也。
○巫,音筮。比,毗志反,注同(tong)。佥(qian),七(qi)廉反。说,音悦,下同(tong)。)
[疏]“{备逯}人”至“吉凶”
○释曰:此{备逯}人掌《三易》者,若卜用三龟,此筮人用《三易》,故云掌《三易》也。
○注“此九”至“不也”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)破巫为(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)掌筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)主(zhu)巫事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“更(geng)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迁(qian)(qian)都(dou)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)迁(qian)(qian)都(dou),谓(wei)(wei)公(gong)卿大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)邑(yi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)答(da)赵(zhao)商,若武王迁(qian)(qian)洛,盘庚(geng)迁(qian)(qian)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,则卜(bu)(bu)(bu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)有卜(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)迁(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“咸犹佥也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)心欢(huan)不(bu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)有营建之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),恐(kong)众(zhong)心不(bu)齐,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“式(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制作法式(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),式(shi)(shi)是(shi)法式(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)制作法式(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“目(mu)(mu)谓(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)要(yao)所(suo)(suo)当也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)要(yao)目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语(yu)》颜(yan)回云(yun)(yun)“请(qing)问其(qi)目(mu)(mu)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“欲知(zhi)其(qi)要(yao)”。颜(yan)回意,以礼有三百三千,卒难(nan)周备,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)请(qing)问其(qi)目(mu)(mu)。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)事(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)要(yao)目(mu)(mu)所(suo)(suo)当者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“易(yi)谓(wei)(wei)民(min)众(zhong)不(bu)说(shuo),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)改易(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),改易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),上(shang)既有更(geng)为(wei)迁(qian)(qian)都(dou)邑(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以此(ci)易(yi)为(wei)民(min)众(zhong)不(bu)和说(shuo),须筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)改易(yi)政教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“比谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)民(min)和也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),比是(shi)相亲(qin)比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《比卦》云(yun)(yun)“建万国(guo)(guo)(guo),亲(qin)诸侯”。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)比为(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)民(min)和比。云(yun)(yun)“祠(ci)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牲(sheng)与(yu)日也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)》“大(da)(da)祭祀(si)而(er)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。今(jin)此(ci)祀(si)不(bu)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)而(er)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼大(da)(da)祀(si)用卜(bu)(bu)(bu),此(ci)谓(wei)(wei)小祭祀(si),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“参谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)御与(yu)右(you)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)参谓(wei)(wei)参乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)御及车(che)右(you)。勇力(li)与(yu)君为(wei)参,乘(cheng)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“环(huan)谓(wei)(wei)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可致(zhi)师(shi)不(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)环(huan)与(yu)环(huan)人(ren)(ren)字同。彼《环(huan)人(ren)(ren)》注“致(zhi)师(shi)”,引(yin)宣公(gong)十(shi)二(er)(er)年,楚许伯(bo)御乐(le)伯(bo),摄叔为(wei)右(you),以致(zhi)晋师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),明此(ci)经筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)环(huan),亦(yi)是(shi)主(zhu)致(zhi)师(shi)以卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。赵(zhao)商问:“僖十(shi)五年,秦晋相战(zhan),晋卜(bu)(bu)(bu)右(you),庆郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)吉。襄二(er)(er)十(shi)四年,晋致(zhi)楚师(shi),求观於郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)宛(wan)射犬,吉。皆用卜(bu)(bu)(bu)。今(jin)此(ci)用筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)何?”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)答(da):“天(tian)子具官(guan)有常人(ren)(ren),非一(yi)人(ren)(ren),致(zhi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可使者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸侯患官(guan)无常人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)临时卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”且此(ci)云(yun)(yun)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi),先筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)後卜(bu)(bu)(bu),《曲礼》注引(yin)《春秋》,献(xian)公(gong)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)娶骊姬,不(bu)吉。公(gong)曰:“筮(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”请(qing)明所(suo)(suo)据。又(you)《尚书》,龟从。
凡国之(zhi)大(da)事(shi),先{备逯}而後卜。(当用(yong)卜者,先筮之(zhi),即(ji)事(shi)有(you)渐也。於(wu)筮之(zhi)凶,则(ze)止(zhi)不卜。)
[疏]注“当用”至“不卜”
○释曰:此大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe),即(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八命及大(da)(da)贞大(da)(da)祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)所(suo)掌者(zhe)皆是大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi),皆先(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)而後(hou)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)。故(gu)郑云(yun)“当用卜(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe),先(xian)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)(ji)事(shi)(shi)渐也”者(zhe),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)轻龟(gui)(gui)重(zhong),贱者(zhe)先(xian)即(ji)(ji)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)(ji)事(shi)(shi)渐也。云(yun)“於筮(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)则止”者(zhe),《曲礼》云(yun)“卜(bu)(bu)(bu)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)相袭(xi)(xi)”。若筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)吉(ji)而又(you)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),是卜(bu)(bu)(bu)袭(xi)(xi)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)於筮(shi)(shi)(shi)凶(xiong),则止不(bu)(bu)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)。按(an)《洪范》云(yun)“龟(gui)(gui)从筮(shi)(shi)(shi)逆”,又(you)云(yun)“龟(gui)(gui)筮(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)违(wei)於人(ren)”。彼有先(xian)卜(bu)(bu)(bu)後(hou)筮(shi)(shi)(shi),筮(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)吉(ji)又(you)卜(bu)(bu)(bu),与此经违(wei)者(zhe),彼是箕子(zi)所(suo)陈用殷法(fa),殷质,故(gu)与此不(bu)(bu)同。
上春,相{备逯}。(相谓更选择其蓍也,蓍龟岁易者与?
○相,息亮反,注同。与,音馀。)
[疏]注“相谓”至“者与”
○释曰(yue):上(shang)春(chun),谓(wei)建寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)月,岁之(zhi)(zhi)始,除旧布新(xin)(xin),故(gu)更选择其(qi)蓍(shi),易(yi)去其(qi)旧者。据此则蓍(shi)岁易(yi)也。兼云(yun)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)者,《龟(gui)(gui)(gui)人》云(yun)“攻(gong)龟(gui)(gui)(gui)用春(chun)时(shi)”,明亦以新(xin)(xin)易(yi)故(gu),故(gu)知龟(gui)(gui)(gui)亦岁易(yi)。此龟(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)岁易(yi)者,谓(wei)《龟(gui)(gui)(gui)人》天(tian)地四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),若大宝龟(gui)(gui)(gui)等非(fei)常用之(zhi)(zhi)龟(gui)(gui)(gui),不岁易(yi)。
凡(fan)国事,共(gong){备(bei)逯}。