●卷四
小司寇之职,掌外朝之政,以致万民而询焉。一曰询国危,二曰询国迁,三曰询立君。(外朝,朝在雉门之外者也。国危,谓有兵寇之难。国迁,谓徙都改邑也。立君,谓无冢选於庶也。郑司农云:“致万民,聚万民也。询,谋也。《诗》曰‘询于刍荛’,《书》曰‘谋及庶人’。”
○难,乃旦(dan)反。,丁(ding)历反。荛,而招反。)
[疏]“小司”至“立君”
○释曰:外朝之职,朝士专掌。但小司寇既为副贰长官,亦与朝士同掌之耳,故云“掌外朝之政”。以致万民者,案下文,群吏并在内,而此经独云致万民者,但群吏在朝是常,万民不合在朝,惟在大事及疑狱乃致之,故特言之也。
○注“外朝”至“庶人”
○释(shi)曰:外朝在(zai)雉门之(zhi)外,则(ze)亦在(zai)库门之(zhi)外也。云(yun)“国(guo)危,谓(wei)有(you)兵寇之(zhi)难”者,谓(wei)邻(lin)国(guo)来侵伐,与(yu)国(guo)为(wei)难者也。云(yun)“国(guo)迁(qian)(qian),谓(wei)徙都改邑也”者,谓(wei)王国(guo)迁(qian)(qian)徙,若殷(yin)之(zhi)盘庚迁(qian)(qian)殷(yin)之(zhi)类。若迁(qian)(qian)卿大夫(fu)都邑,不在(zai)询限。云(yun)“立君,谓(wei)无(wu)冢(zhong)(zhong)选於庶也”者,冢(zhong)(zhong)双(shuang)言(yan)。案《内则(ze)》而言(yan),谓(wei)后所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),最长(zhang)者为(wei)冢(zhong)(zhong),若无(wu)冢(zhong)(zhong),后所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)次冢(zhong)(zhong)以下(xia)为(wei),则(ze)者非一。若无(wu),则(ze)於众妾所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)择立之(zhi)。众妾所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)非一,是以须与(yu)阍人共(gong)询可否。此三者皆(jie)采(cai)众心(xin),众同乃可依用也。先郑引《诗(shi)》及《书》者,证致万民之(zhi)意也。
其位:王南乡,三公及州长、百姓北面,群臣西面,群吏东面。(群臣,卿大夫士也。群吏,府史也。其孤不见者,孤从群臣。乡大夫在公後。
○乡,许亮反。长,丁丈(zhang)反。见,贤遍反。)
[疏]注“群臣”至“公後”
○释曰:案(an)《射(she)人》及《司(si)士》,孤(gu)(gu)(gu)位皆(jie)西方东(dong)面(mian)北上(shang),今此独在(zai)(zai)东(dong)方西面(mian),从群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位者(zhe)(zhe),孤(gu)(gu)(gu)无职,尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)宾,恒在(zai)(zai)西。但此三(san)询之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao),即朝(chao)士所掌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。案(an)《朝(chao)士》外朝(chao)云:“左九棘(ji),孤(gu)(gu)(gu)卿大夫(fu)(fu)位焉,群士在(zai)(zai)其後。右(you)九棘(ji),公(gong)侯伯(bo)子男(nan)位焉,群吏(li)在(zai)(zai)其後。面(mian)三(san)槐,三(san)公(gong)位焉,州长众(zhong)庶在(zai)(zai)其後”。以此故(gu)知孤(gu)(gu)(gu)从群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。三(san)公(gong)北面(mian)者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《郊特牲》:“君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南乡(xiang),答(da)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北面(mian),答(da)君(jun)也。”三(san)公(gong),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊,北面(mian)屈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),答(da)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。知乡(xiang)大夫(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)後者(zhe)(zhe),以州长众(zhong)乡(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属在(zai)(zai)公(gong)後,又(you)二乡(xiang)公(gong)一人,明乡(xiang)大夫(fu)(fu)亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)後可知也。每乡(xiang)大夫(fu)(fu)皆(jie)别命卿为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),六卿别也。
小司寇摈以叙进而问焉,以众辅志而弊谋。(摈,谓揖之使前也。叙,更也。辅志者,尊王贤明也。
○摈,兵刃反,注同(tong)。更,音庚。)
[疏]“小司”至“弊谋”
○释曰:云“以叙进”者,案《小宰》六叙皆先尊後卑,则此言以叙进,谓先公卿,以次而下。
○注“摈谓”至“明也”
○释曰:此既在朝立定而(er)问(wen)之(zhi),明摈者(zhe)(zhe)无别相(xiang)见(jian)之(zhi)礼,故知以(yi)次一(yi)一(yi)揖之(zhi)使(shi)前,问(wen)之(zhi)。云“辅(fu)志(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),尊王贤(xian)明也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),专欲难成,舍己(ji)稽(ji)众,圣人无心(xin),以(yi)百(bai)姓心(xin)为心(xin),今能以(yi)众辅(fu)成己(ji)志(zhi),是尊王贤(xian)明者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。
以五刑听万民之狱讼,附于刑,用情讯之。至于旬,乃弊之,读书则用法。(附犹著也。故书“附”作“付”。讯,言也,用情理言之,冀有可以出之者。十日乃断之。《王制》曰:“刑者亻刑也,亻刑者成也,一成而不可变,故君子尽心焉。”郑司农云:“读书则用法,如今时读鞫已乃论之。”
○讯,音信(xin)。尽,津忍反(fan)。鞠,九六反(fan)。)
[疏]“以五”至“用法”
○释曰:云“附于刑,用情讯之”者,以囚所犯罪附於五刑,恐有枉滥,故用情实问之,使得真实。云“至于旬乃弊之”者,缓刑之意,欲其钦慎也。云“读书则用法”者,谓行刑之时,当读刑书罪状,则用法刑之。
○注“附犹”至“论之”
○释曰(yue):引《王制(zhi)》云“刑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亻刑也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)刑为(wei)法,下(xia)亻刑为(wei)著(zhu)(zhu),谓(wei)(wei)行(xing)法著(zhu)(zhu)人身体。又训为(wei)“成”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),意取(qu)一成不(bu)可(ke)(ke)变(bian),死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)复(fu)生,断者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)更续,是其(qi)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)变(bian)也。故君子尽心焉,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)滥(lan)。此释用(yong)情讯之也。汉(han)时(shi)“读鞫(ju)已乃(nai)论之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鞫(ju)谓(wei)(wei)劾(he)囚之要辞,行(xing)刑之时(shi),读已,乃(nai)论其(qi)罪也。
凡命夫命妇,不躬坐狱讼。(为治狱吏亵尊者也。躬,身也。不身坐者,必使其属若子弟也。《丧服传》曰:“命夫者,其男子之为大夫者。命妇者,其妇人之为大夫之妻者。”《春秋传》曰:“卫侯与元亘讼,甯武子为辅,钅咸严子为坐,土荣为大理。”
○为治,于(yu)伪反。亘,况阮反。钅咸,其廉(lian)反。严,刘音庄,《左传》作庄,案《汉书》明帝名庄,改为严。)
[疏]注“为治”至“大理”
○释曰:古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取(qu)囚要(yao)辞皆(jie)对(dui)坐(zuo),治(zhi)狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏皆(jie)有严(yan)威,恐狱(yu)吏亵(xie)尊(zun),故不(bu)使命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)亲(qin)坐(zuo)。若取(qu)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,不(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)坐(zuo),当使其(qi)属或子(zi)弟代坐(zuo)也。引《丧(sang)服(fu)传(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《丧(sang)服(fu)经(jing)》有“大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)”,子(zi)夏传(chuan)(chuan)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun):“大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)男(nan)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。”今此(ci)云(yun)“命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)男(nan)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,误(wu),当以(yi)彼为(wei)(wei)正。云(yun)《春秋传(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《左氏(shi)》僖(xi)二十八(ba)年,卫侯(hou)坐(zuo)杀弟叔武,元(yuan)亘诉於晋,晋使人断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)不(bu)身坐(zuo)狱(yu)讼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。若然,元(yuan)亘、甯子(zi)、钅咸(xian)庄子(zi)皆(jie)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)得(de)(de)坐(zuo)讼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)身不(bu)得(de)(de)与士坐(zuo)讼,若两(liang)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),或代君,皆(jie)得(de)(de)坐(zuo),无嫌,以(yi)是(shi)卫侯(hou)不(bu)得(de)(de)坐(zuo),使庄子(zi)与元(yuan)旦对(dui)坐(zuo)也。若然,观(guan)此(ci)文(wen),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu),惟(wei)据大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)通士。案《内(nei)宰》云(yun):“佐后使治(zhi)外内(nei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)”,先郑云(yun):“外命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu),卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻。”後郑云(yun):“士妻亦为(wei)(wei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)。”又《阍人》云(yun)“凡外内(nei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)”,注:“内(nei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在宫中者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”如是(shi),士及(ji)士妻亦得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼皆(jie)据王(wang)臣而(er)言。王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士有三命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、二命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、一命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),皆(jie)得(de)(de)王(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。此(ci)文(wen)兼诸(zhu)侯(hou)臣,子(zi)男(nan)士则不(bu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。以(yi)是(shi)此(ci)文(wen)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)妇(fu)(fu)惟(wei)据大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)文(wen),不(bu)通士也。
凡王(wang)之同族有罪,不即市。(郑司农云:“刑(xing)诸甸师氏。《礼记》曰:‘刑(xing)于隐(yin)者,不与国人虑兄弟。’”)
[疏]注“郑司”至“兄弟”
○释(shi)曰:此囚(qiu)上(shang)论断狱之(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)说“王之(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)族有罪(zui),不即市”者(zhe),不与国(guo)人(ren)虑(lv)兄(xiong)弟也(ye)。故(gu)先(xian)郑云(yun)“当刑(xing)诸(zhu)甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)氏”。故(gu)《甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)》云(yun)“王之(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)姓有罪(zui),则(ze)死(si)刑(xing)焉”是也(ye)。必於甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)者(zhe),甸(dian)(dian)师(shi)(shi)掌耕耨王籍,其(qi)场上(shang)多屋,就(jiu)隐处刑(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。引《礼记》者(zhe),《文(wen)(wen)王世子》文(wen)(wen)。彼据(ju)诸(zhu)侯法。云(yun)“刑(xing)于隐者(zhe)”,谓就(jiu)屋中(zhong)。云(yun)“不与国(guo)人(ren)虑(lv)兄(xiong)弟”者(zhe),若在市朝刑(xing)杀,国(guo)人(ren)见之(zhi)(zhi),亦谋(mou)虑(lv)兄(xiong)弟,是与国(guo)人(ren)虑(lv)兄(xiong)弟,若不於市朝,是不与也(ye)。天子之(zhi)(zhi)礼亦然,故(gu)引为(wei)证也(ye)。
以五声(sheng)听狱(yu)讼,求民情。
[疏]“以五”至“民情”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案下五(wu)事惟辞听(ting)一是声(sheng),而以五(wu)声(sheng)目之者(zhe),四事虽不是声(sheng),亦以声(sheng)为本故也(ye)。案《吕刑》云:“惟貌有稽,在狱定(ding)之後。”则此五(wu)听(ting),亦在要(yao)辞定(ding)讫,恐其滥失(shi),更以五(wu)听(ting)观之,以求(qiu)民情(qing)也(ye)。
一曰辞听,(观其(qi)出(chu)言,不直则烦。)
[疏]注“观其”至“则烦”
○释曰:直则(ze)言要理深,虚则(ze)辞烦义寡(gua),故云“不直则(ze)烦”。
二曰色听,(观其颜色,不直则赧然。
○赧,女板反(fan)。)
[疏]注“观其”至“赧然”
○释曰:理(li)直则颜(yan)(yan)色有厉,理(li)曲则颜(yan)(yan)色愧(kui)赧。《小(xiao)尔雅》云:“不直失(shi)节,谓之惭(can)(can)愧(kui)。面惭(can)(can)曰赧,心惭(can)(can)曰恧,体(ti)惭(can)(can)曰悛。
三曰气听,(观其气息,不直则喘。
○喘,昌兖(yan)反。)
[疏]注“观其”至“则喘”
○释曰(yue):虚(xu)本心知(zhi),气(qi)从内发,理既不直,吐气(qi)则喘。
四曰耳听,(观其听聆,不直则惑。
○聆,音零。)
[疏]注“观其”至“则惑”
○释曰:《尚(shang)书》云(yun):“作德心逸(yi)日(ri)休,作伪心劳日(ri)拙。”观其事直(zhi),听物明(ming)审,其理不直(zhi),听物致疑。
五曰目听。(观其眸子视,不直则然。
○眸,莫侯反,刘无不反。毛,莫报反,本又作旄同。)
[疏]注“观其”至“然”
○释(shi)曰:目为心(xin)视,视由心(xin)起(qi),理(li)若(ruo)直(zhi)实,视ツ分明,理(li)若(ruo)虚陈,视乃(nai)毛乱。
以八(ba)辟丽(li)邦(bang)法(fa),附(fu)刑(xing)罚:(辟,法(fa)也。杜(du)子春读(du)丽(li)为(wei)罗。玄谓丽(li),附(fu)也。《易》曰:“日月丽(li)乎天。”故(gu)书附(fu)作付,附(fu)犹(you)著(zhu)也。)
[疏]“以八”至“刑罚”
○释曰:案《曲礼》云“刑不上大夫”,郑注云:“其犯法则在八议。轻重不在刑书。”若然,此八辟为不在刑书,若有罪当议,议得其罪,乃附邦法而附于刑罚也。
○注“辟法”至“著也”
○释曰:以辟为(wei)(wei)法,谓八者之法。子春(chun)读“丽(li)”为(wei)(wei)“罗(luo)”,後郑(zheng)(zheng)不从,谓丽(li),附(fu)也,破(po)子春(chun)为(wei)(wei)罗(luo)。若(ruo)作罗(luo),则入罗(luo)网,当在(zai)(zai)刑书,何须(xu)更议之也。後郑(zheng)(zheng)以不在(zai)(zai)刑书,故须(xu)议,议讫,乃附(fu)邦法。《易》曰:“日(ri)(ri)月丽(li)于天(tian)。”但天(tian)自然(ran)(ran)无形,而得附(fu)著(zhu)者,天(tian)者自然(ran)(ran)之气(qi)。日(ri)(ri)月本(ben)在(zai)(zai)虚空,而附(fu)自然(ran)(ran)之气(qi),故得为(wei)(wei)附(fu)著(zhu)也。
一曰(yue)议亲之辟,(郑司农(nong)云:“若今时宗室有罪,先(xian)请是也。”)
[疏]注“郑司”至“是也”
○释曰:“亲(qin)”,谓(wei)五属之内(nei),及(ji)(ji)外亲(qin)有服者(zhe),皆是议限(xian)(xian)。亲(qin)不(bu)假贵,故(gu)亲(qin)贤能及(ji)(ji)功(gong)勤。若贵亦不(bu)假馀(yu)贤能之等,各据一边(bian),则得入(ru)议。假令既有亲(qin),兼有馀(yu)事,亦不(bu)离议限(xian)(xian)。
二曰议故之辟,(故谓旧知也。郑司农云:“故旧不遗,则民不偷。”
○偷,他(ta)侯(hou)反(fan),徐吐(tu)豆反(fan)。)
[疏]注“故谓”至“不偷”
○释曰(yue):此“故(gu)旧(jiu)”,据王(wang)为言,是以《大宗伯》注:“故(gu)旧(jiu)朋友,谓共在学者(zhe)。”若《伐木》诗,亦(yi)是故(gu)友之类。先(xian)郑引《论语(yu)》“故(gu)旧(jiu)不遗,则(ze)民(min)不偷”,言民(min)不偷,上(shang)行(xing)下效,亦(yi)据人君而说,故(gu)引为证议故(gu)也。
三曰议贤之辟,(郑司农云:“若今时廉吏有罪,先请是也。”玄谓贤有德行者。
○行(xing),下孟反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“行者”
○释曰:先(xian)郑举汉廉吏为贤,後郑足成,故言“贤有德行”者(zhe),谓若乡(xiang)大夫兴贤者(zhe)、能者(zhe)。贤,即有六德六行者(zhe)也。
四曰议能之辟,(能谓有道艺者。《春秋传》曰:“夫谋而鲜过,惠训不倦者,叔向有焉,社稷之固也,犹将十世宥之,以劝能者。今壹不免其身,以弃社稷,不亦惑乎?”
○夫,音(yin)扶。鲜,息浅(qian)反(fan)。向,许亮反(fan)。)
[疏]注“能谓”至“惑乎”
○释曰:云“能(neng)(neng)(neng)谓有(you)(you)道艺(yi)者”,此(ci)即(ji)《乡大夫》“兴能(neng)(neng)(neng)者”,能(neng)(neng)(neng),有(you)(you)道艺(yi),若《保氏》云“掌养国(guo)子(zi)以(yi)道,而教之六艺(yi)”,是国(guo)子(zi)与贤者有(you)(you)德(de)行兼道艺(yi),若能(neng)(neng)(neng)者惟有(you)(you)道艺(yi),未必兼有(you)(you)德(de)也。引《春秋(qiu)传》者,《左氏》襄(xiang)二十一年(nian),叔向被(bei)囚,祁奚作此(ci)辞以(yi)晋(jin)侯,使赦(she)小(xiao)罪存大能(neng)(neng)(neng)。引之者,证以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)议也。
五(wu)曰议功(gong)之(zhi)辟(pi),(谓(wei)有大勋力立功(gong)者。)
[疏]注“谓有”至“功者”
○释曰:此即司(si)勋所掌王功国功之等,皆(jie)(jie)入此功也(ye),是以彼音皆(jie)(jie)言功为首也(ye)。
六曰议贵之辟,(郑司农云:“若(ruo)今时吏(li)墨(mo)绶有(you)罪,先请是(shi)也。”)
[疏]注“郑司”至“是也”
○释曰:先郑推引汉(han)法(fa)墨(mo)绶(shou)(shou)(shou)为(wei)贵,若据周,大夫以(yi)上皆贵也。墨(mo)绶(shou)(shou)(shou)者,汉(han)法(fa),丞(cheng)相中二(er)千(qian)石(shi),金印紫绶(shou)(shou)(shou)。御史大夫二(er)千(qian)石(shi),银印黄绶(shou)(shou)(shou)。县令(ling)六百石(shi),铜印墨(mo)绶(shou)(shou)(shou),是也。
七曰议勤之辟,(谓憔悴以事国。
○憔,昨遥反(fan)(fan)。悴,秦醉反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“谓憔悴以事国”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《诗(shi)》云“或憔(qiao)悴以事(shi)国(guo)”,自(zi)此已上七(qi)者,虽(sui)以王(wang)(wang)为(wei)主(zhu),诸侯一国(guo)之(zhi)尊,赏(shang)罚自(zi)制,亦应有(you)此议(yi)(yi)法,是以议(yi)(yi)能。郑引叔向之(zhi)事(shi),是其一隅也(ye)。惟“八曰(yue)议(yi)(yi)宾”,惟据王(wang)(wang)者而言,不(bu)及诸侯也(ye)。
八曰议宾之辟。(谓所不臣者,三恪二代之後与?
○与,音馀。)
[疏]注“谓所”至“後与”
○释曰:《春秋》襄(xiang)二(er)十五年《传》云(yun)“虞阏(yan)父为周陶(tao)正(zheng),而封(feng)诸陈,以(yi)备三恪(ke)”之(zhi)(zhi)言,《郊特(te)牲》有“尊贤不(bu)(bu)过二(er)代”之(zhi)(zhi)语,故(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)“三恪(ke)二(er)代之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)”。案《乐(le)记》云(yun):“武(wu)王克(ke)殷及(ji)商,未及(ji)下车,而封(feng)黄帝之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)於(wu)蓟,封(feng)帝尧之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)於(wu)祝,封(feng)帝舜之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)於(wu)陈。下车,而封(feng)夏后(hou)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)於(wu)杞,殷之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)於(wu)宋。”此皆自行当(dang)代礼乐(le),常所不(bu)(bu)臣,为宾(bin)礼礼之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)为宾(bin)也。言“与(yu)”者,经直云(yun)宾(bin),不(bu)(bu)斥所据,约後(hou)(hou)同之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“与(yu)”以(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)也。
以三刺断庶民狱讼之中:(中谓罪正所定。
○刺,七赐反。断(duan),丁乱反,後皆同。)
[疏]注“中谓罪正所定”
○释曰:此经与下文为目。但“三(san)(san)(san)刺(ci)(ci)”之言(yan),当(dang)是罪(zui)(zui)定(ding)断讫,乃向外(wai)朝始行(xing)三(san)(san)(san)刺(ci)(ci)。庶(shu)民已上,皆应有刺(ci)(ci)。直言(yan)“庶(shu)民”者(zhe),庶(shu)民贱,恐不刺(ci)(ci)。贱者(zhe)尚(shang)刺(ci)(ci),已上刺(ci)(ci)可(ke)知。云(yun)“中谓罪(zui)(zui)正(zheng)所(suo)(suo)定(ding)”者(zhe),断狱(yu)终始有三(san)(san)(san)刺(ci)(ci),刺(ci)(ci)则罪(zui)(zui)正(zheng)所(suo)(suo)定(ding),即当(dang)行(xing)刑,故云(yun)罪(zui)(zui)正(zheng)所(suo)(suo)定(ding)也。
一曰(yue)(yue)讯(xun)群臣,二曰(yue)(yue)讯(xun)群吏,三曰(yue)(yue)讯(xun)万民。(刺,杀也,三讯(xun)罪(zui)定则(ze)杀之(zhi)。讯(xun),言也。)
[疏]注“刺杀”至“言也”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“群(qun)臣(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe),士已(yi)上。云(yun)“群(qun)吏(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),府(fu)史、胥徒、庶人在官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)“万民”者(zhe)(zhe),民间(jian)有(you)德(de)行(xing)不(bu)仕者(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)“刺(ci)杀,三(san)(san)刺(ci)罪定即(ji)杀之”,但所(suo)刺(ci)不(bu)必是(shi)(shi)杀,馀四刑亦当(dang)三(san)(san)刺(ci)。直言杀者(zhe)(zhe),举汉重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)而言,其实皆三(san)(san)刺(ci)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)下文云(yun)“听民之所(suo)刺(ci)宥(you),而施(shi)上服下服之刑”,是(shi)(shi)兼轻重(zhong)皆刺(ci)也。
听民之所剌宥,以施上服下服之刑。(宥,宽也。民言杀,杀之。言宽,宽之。上服,劓墨也。下服,宫刖也。
○劓,鱼器反。刖,音月,又(you)五刮反。)
[疏]注“宥宽”至“刖也”
○释(shi)曰:墨劓施(shi)(shi)於面,故为上服。官刖施(shi)(shi)於下体(ti),故为下服。凡行剌必先以(yi)物规之,如衣(yi)服,乃施(shi)(shi)刑,故言服也。
及大比,登民数,自生齿以上,登于天府。(大比,三年大数民之众寡也。人生齿而体备男。八月而生齿,女七月而生齿。
○比,毗志反,注同。上,时掌反,下注同。数,所主反。)
[疏]注“大比三年”至“七月生齿”
○释曰:小司(si)(si)寇(kou)至三年大按(an)比之时,使司(si)(si)民之官(guan)登上民数,自生齿(chi)(chi)已(yi)上皆登之,小司(si)(si)寇(kou)乃登於天府(fu)。云男八月、女(nv)七月而生齿(chi)(chi)者,按(an)《家语·本命》:“男子(zi)八月生齿(chi)(chi),八岁而龀(chen)齿(chi)(chi)。女(nv)子(zi)七月而生齿(chi)(chi),七岁而龀(chen)齿(chi)(chi)。男子(zi)阳,得阴而生,得阴而落。女(nv)子(zi)阴,得阳而生,得阳而落。故男偶女(nv)奇(qi)也。
内史、司会(hui)、冢宰(zai)贰(er)之,以(yi)制国用(yong)。(人数定而九赋可知(zhi),国用(yong)乃可制耳。)
[疏]注“人数”至“制耳”
○释曰:内史(shi)掌(zhang)八柄之等,司会(hui)主(zhu)计会(hui),冢宰所主(zhu)兼设(she),故皆(jie)取副贰民(min)数簿书。得民(min)数,乃制国(guo)用,以其国(guo)用出(chu)於(wu)民(min)故也(ye)。云(yun)“人数定九(jiu)赋可(ke)(ke)知,国(guo)用乃可(ke)(ke)制”者,郑偏据九(jiu)赋而(er)言,至九(jiu)贡九(jiu)功,亦可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)。
小祭祀,奉犬牲(sheng)。(奉犹进也。)
[疏]“小祭祀”至“犬牲”
○释曰(yue):大祭(ji)祀,自大司寇奉(feng)犬牲,若小(xiao)祭(ji)祀,王(wang)玄(xuan)冕所祭(ji),则小(xiao)司寇奉(feng)进(jin)犬牲也。
凡祀五帝,实镬水,纳亨亦如之。(纳亨,致牲也。其时镬水当以洗解牲体肉。
○镬,户郭(guo)反。)
[疏]“凡”至“如之”
○释(shi)曰:云“祀五(wu)帝”者(zhe),祭天曰燔柴,即祀也(ye),故云祀五(wu)帝。五(wu)帝所祀,谓(wei)四时迎气,总享明堂,实(shi)(shi)镬水以(yi)拟洗(xi)肉所用也(ye)。纳亨(heng)(heng)亦(yi)如之(zhi)。“纳亨(heng)(heng),致牲”,谓(wei)将祭乡(xiang),祭之(zhi)晨,实(shi)(shi)以(yi)水亨(heng)(heng)牲也(ye)。郑(zheng)知实(shi)(shi)镬水为洗(xi)解牲肉者(zhe),以(yi)下云“纳亨(heng)(heng)亦(yi)如之(zhi)”,是实(shi)(shi)镬水亨(heng)(heng)煮肉,故知此是洗(xi)肉也(ye)。《封人》云“共其(qi)水槁”,亦(yi)谓(wei)洗(xi)牲肉也(ye)。
大宾客,前王而辟,(郑司农云:“小司寇为王道,辟除奸人也,若今时执金吾下至令尉奉引矣。
○辟(pi),婢亦(yi)反(fan),刘符(fu)益反(fan),一音匹(pi)亦(yi)反(fan),沈音避,注同。後而辟(pi)皆(jie)放此(ci)。道,音导。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“引矣”
○释曰(yue):下(xia)《士师(shi)》云:“诸(zhu)侯为(wei)(wei)宾,帅其属跸於王宫(gong)。”飨(xiang)燕时(shi),此小司寇为(wei)(wei)王辟,亦谓於宫(gong)中飨(xiang)燕,在寝及庙时(shi)也。云“若今时(shi)执金(jin)吾下(xia)至(zhi)令尉(wei)奉引”者,汉时(shi)执金(jin)吾及令尉(wei),为(wei)(wei)帝奉引,犹如(ru)小司寇为(wei)(wei)王导,故引以为(wei)(wei)况。
后、世子(zi)之丧亦如之。
[疏]“后世”至“如之”
○释曰:谓(wei)后、世子之丧,当(dang)朝庙之时,王出入,亦为王而辟也。
小师(shi),莅戮。(小师(shi),王(wang)不自出之(zhi)师(shi)。)
[疏]注“小师”至“之师”
○释曰:谓(wei)“王(wang)不(bu)自出(chu)”,使卿大(da)夫(fu)出(chu)军(jun)(jun),阃(kun)外之事,将军(jun)(jun)裁之,军(jun)(jun)将有所斩戮於社(she)主前,则小司(si)寇莅戮也(ye)。
凡国之(zhi)大事,使其属(shu)跸。(属(shu),士(shi)师以(yi)下。)
[疏]注“属士师以下”
○释曰(yue):此“国(guo)之(zhi)大事”,即《士(shi)师》云“诸侯(hou)为宾”是也。《士(shi)师》云“帅其属”,则士(shi)师已下皆跸,故(gu)此据而言之(zhi)。
孟冬(dong)祀(si)司民(min)(min)(min),献(xian)民(min)(min)(min)数於王(wang),王(wang)拜受之,以(yi)图国用而进退之。(司民(min)(min)(min),星名,谓轩(xuan)辕角也(ye)。小(xiao)司寇(kou)於祀(si)司民(min)(min)(min)而献(xian)民(min)(min)(min)数於王(wang),重民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)。进退犹损益(yi)也(ye)。国用,民(min)(min)(min)众则益(yi),民(min)(min)(min)寡则损。)
[疏]“孟冬”至“退之”
○释曰:前文“大比登民数於天府”,据三年大比而言。此则据年年民数皆有增减,於孟冬春官祭司民之时,小司寇以民数多少献於王也。
○注“司民”至“则损”
○释曰(yue):案《星经》,轩(xuan)辕(yuan)角有大民(min)小(xiao)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)星,是轩(xuan)辕(yuan)角也。云(yun)“国(guo)用(yong)(yong),民(min)众则(ze)益(yi),民(min)寡(gua)则(ze)损”者,国(guo)家所用(yong)(yong)财物(wu),由民(min)上而来,是以国(guo)用(yong)(yong)多少,要由民(min)众寡(gua)。故民(min)众则(ze)益(yi),丰(feng)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi);民(min)寡(gua)则(ze)损,俭(jian)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。
岁终,则令群士计狱弊讼,登(deng)中于天(tian)府。(上(shang)其所断狱讼之(zhi)数(shu)。)
[疏]注“上其”至“之数”
○释(shi)曰(yue):群士,谓乡士、遂士已下皆是。必登断狱之书於祖(zu)庙天府者,重其断刑,使神监之。
正岁,帅其属(shu)而观刑象(xiang),令以(yi)木铎,曰“不用(yong)法(fa)者,国(guo)有常刑”。令群(qun)士(shi)(shi)。(群(qun)士(shi)(shi),遂士(shi)(shi)以(yi)下。)
[疏]注“群士遂士以下”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此所戒(jie),应(ying)六(liu)官(guan),各应(ying)其(qi)(qi)所掌(zhang)。知群士(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)遂(sui)(sui)士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)下者,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)乡士(shi)(shi)(shi)已入帅(shuai)其(qi)(qi)属(shu)中,遂(sui)(sui)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、县士(shi)(shi)(shi)、方士(shi)(shi)(shi)、讶士(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)虽是(shi)(shi)六(liu)十(shi)官(guan)之属(shu),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)主六(liu)遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)外渐远,恐不在属(shu)中,故经特(te)云(yun)“令群士(shi)(shi)(shi)”,明群士(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)遂(sui)(sui)士(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)下可(ke)知。
乃宣布于四方,宪刑禁。(宣,彳扁也。宪,表也,谓县之也。刑禁,《士师》之五禁。
○彳扁,音遍(bian)。)
[疏]注“宣彳扁”至“五禁”
○释曰:此所(suo)宣布(bu),则《布(bu)宪》所(suo)云(yun)者是(shi)也(ye)。此官主之(zhi),彼乃布(bu)之(zhi),事相成也(ye)。
乃命其属入会,乃致事。(得其属之计,乃令致之於王。
○会,古外反,後(hou)“要(yao)会”之字皆放此。)
[疏]注“得其”至“於王”
○释曰:“命其(qi)属”,谓(wei)命已(yi)下属官,使入会计文状来,乃(nai)致事与王。故(gu)云“乃(nai)”,乃(nai),缓辞。
士师之职,掌国之五禁之法,以左右刑罚:一曰宫禁,二曰官禁,三曰国禁,四曰野禁,五曰军禁。皆以木铎徇之于朝,书而县于门闾。(左右,助也。助刑罚者,助其禁民为非也。宫,王宫也。官,官府也。国,城中也。古之禁尽亡矣。今宫门有簿籍,官府有无故擅入,城门有离载下惟,野有《田律》,军有嚣ん夜行之禁,其角可言者。
○法(fa)<繁(fan)体>,音(yin)(yin)法(fa)。左(zuo)右,音(yin)(yin)佐,下音(yin)(yin)又,注“左(zuo)右助也”同(tong)。徇(xun),似(si)俊反。县(xian),音(yin)(yin)玄。角,刘音(yin)(yin)粗,沈才古反。)
[疏]“士师”至“门闾”
○释曰:凡设五刑者,刑期于无刑,以刑止刑,以杀止杀。杀一人使万人惩,是欲不使犯罪,令於刑外豫施禁,禁民使不犯刑,是左右助刑罚,无使罪丽于民也。云“书而县于门闾”者,《尔雅》云“巷门谓之闾”,则县于处处巷门,使知之。
○注“左右”至“言者”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“宫,王宫也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)皋门(men)也。云(yun)“官官府(fu)也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)庐,宫人听(ting)事之门(men)。云(yun)“国,城中”者(zhe)(zhe),若王城十二门(men)。云(yun)“古之禁尽(jin)亡矣”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)在《仪礼(li)》三千条(tiao)内,而在亡中,故(gu)举汉法以况之。云(yun)“离(li)载(zai)下(xia)帷”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)在车离(li)耦,耦载(zai)而下(xia)帷,恐(kong)是(shi)奸(jian)非(fei),故(gu)禁之。云(yun)“角(jiao)可言”者(zhe)(zhe),古之禁书具,不惟如此,故(gu)云(yun)角(jiao)可言也。
以五戒先後刑罚,毋使罪丽于民:一曰誓,用之于军旅。二曰诰,用之于会同。三曰禁,用诸田役。四曰纠,用诸国中。五曰宪,用诸都鄙。(先後犹左右也。誓诰於《书》,则《甘誓》、《汤誓》、《大诰》、《康诰》之属。禁则军礼曰“无干车”,“无自後射”,比其类也。纠、宪,未有闻焉。
○诰,户报(bao)反。射,食亦反。)
[疏]“以五”至“都鄙”
○释曰:“戒”与“禁”,谓典法则,亦是所用异,异其名耳,同是告语,使不犯刑罚。
○注“先後”至“闻焉”
○释曰(yue)(yue):“先後犹左右也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)助之(zhi)义,异其(qi)名而已。云(yun)(yun)“甘(gan)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),启与有扈战於(wu)甘(gan)之(zhi)野(ye),作(zuo)(zuo)《甘(gan)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)》。云(yun)(yun)“汤誓(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汤将伐桀,以(yi)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)。云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)诰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),武王(wang)崩,周公作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)成王(wang),令以(yi)大(da)(da)义告(gao)天(tian)下,以(yi)诛三(san)监,以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)诰。云(yun)(yun)“康(kang)(kang)诰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周公以(yi)成王(wang)命,封(feng)康(kang)(kang)叔(shu)於(wu)殷墟(xu),诰康(kang)(kang)叔(shu)以(yi)治政之(zhi)事,故(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)诰。云(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乃有《泰誓(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《费(fei)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《召(zhao)诰》、《洛(luo)诰》之(zhi)等,故(gu)言之(zhi)属(shu)也(ye)。凡诰、誓(shi)(shi)(shi),皆(jie)因大(da)(da)会乃为之(zhi),故(gu)用之(zhi)於(wu)军旅,用之(zhi)於(wu)会同(tong)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“禁则(ze)(ze)军礼曰(yue)(yue)‘无干车(che)’、‘无自後射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)’,比其(qi)类(lei)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《易·比》之(zhi)九五曰(yue)(yue)“王(wang)用三(san)驱,失(shi)前(qian)(qian)禽”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“王(wang)因天(tian)下显(xian)习兵(bing)于(yu)狩焉。驱禽而射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi),三(san)则(ze)(ze)已,发(fa)军礼。失(shi)前(qian)(qian)禽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓禽在(zai)前(qian)(qian)来者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不逆(ni)而射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),旁去又不射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),惟其(qi)走者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)顺而射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi),不中(zhong)亦(yi)已,是(shi)(shi)皆(jie)所失(shi)。用兵(bing)之(zhi)法亦(yi)如之(zhi),降者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不杀,奔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不禁,背敌不杀,以(yi)仁恩养威之(zhi)道。”若然(ran),此不自後射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),亦(yi)谓不中(zhong)之(zhi)後不重射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),前(qian)(qian)敌不破,则(ze)(ze)有追(zhui)法,《春秋》“公追(zhui)戎於(wu)济西”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
掌乡合州党族闾比之联,与其民人之什伍,使之相安相受,以比追胥之事,以施刑罚庆赏。(乡合,乡所合也。追,追寇也。胥读如宿亻胥之亻胥,亻胥谓司搏盗贼也。
○比(bi),毗志(zhi)反,下同。比(bi)追,如字,刘张类反。胥,如字,刘思叙反,注亻(ren)胥同。搏(bo),音博,刘音付。)
[疏]“掌乡”至“庆赏”
○释曰:士师掌乡中合聚之法者,以为有施刑罚也。云“州党族闾比之联”,即是乡合之事。云“与其人民之什伍”者,此即因内政寄军令之类。五家为比,比即一伍也,二伍为什,据追胥之时。云“使之相安相受”者,宅舍有故,使当比当闾,相受寄托,使得安稳也。云“以比追胥”者,以比什伍,使追胥二事也。云“以施刑罚庆赏”者,使邻伍相及也。
○注“乡合”至“贼也”
○释曰:云(yun)“追(zhui)(zhui),追(zhui)(zhui)寇”者,即(ji)“公追(zhui)(zhui)戎於济西”是(shi)也。“胥读如宿亻(ren)胥之亻(ren)胥”者,时有夜宿逐(zhu)贼谓之亻(ren)胥,即(ji)司搏(bo)盗贼是(shi)也。
掌官(guan)中之政令。(大司(si)寇之官(guan)府中也(ye)。)
[疏]“掌官中之政令”
○释曰:士(shi)师所施政令,惟在当官,故(gu)郑云“大司(si)寇之官府中也”。
察(cha)狱讼(song)之辞,以诏司(si)寇断狱弊讼(song),致(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)令(ling)。(诏司(si)寇,若今白听(ting)正法解(jie)也。致(zhi)(zhi)邦(bang)令(ling)者,以法报(bao)之。)
[疏]“察狱”至“邦令”
○释曰:狱讼辞诉,各(ge)有司存(cun)。谓(wei)若乡士、遂士、县士、方(fang)士,各(ge)主当司之狱讼,其有不决(jue),来问都(dou)头士师(shi)者(zhe),则士师(shi)审察,以告(gao)大司寇断狱弊讼也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“致邦令(ling)”者(zhe),此即所察狱讼断讫,致与本官,谓(wei)之致邦令(ling)也(ye)(ye)。
掌士之八成:(郑可农云:“八成者,行事有八篇,若今时决事比。”
○比,必利反。)
[疏]“掌士之八成”
○释曰:“士之八成”,言士者,此八者皆是狱官断事成品式,士即士师已下是也。
○注“郑司”至“事比”
○释(shi)曰:先郑(zheng)云:“成者,行事有八篇,若今时决事比(bi)”者,即若小(xiao)宰(zai)八成。凡言成者,皆(jie)旧有成事品式,後人依而行之(zhi)。决事,依前比(bi)类(lei)决之(zhi)。
一曰邦氵勺,(郑司农云:“氵勺读如‘酌酒尊中’之酌。”国氵勺者,斟氵勺盗取国家密事,若今时剌探尚书事。
○氵勺(shao),上(shang)灼反,注同。斟,之(zhi)林反。酌,音灼。剌,七(qi)亦反,又(you)七(qi)赐反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“书事”
○释曰:云“氵勺读(du)如‘酌(zhuo)酒尊中(zhong)’之(zhi)(zhi)酌(zhuo)”者(zhe),俗读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)。“若今刺探尚(shang)书(shu)事”者(zhe),汉时尚(shang)书(shu)掌机密,有刺探尚(shang)书(shu)密事,斟酌(zhuo)私知,故举(ju)为况(kuang)也(ye)。
二曰邦贼,(为(wei)逆乱者。)
[疏]注“为逆乱者”
○释曰:既(ji)云邦贼,罪无(wu)过此,故知为逆乱,若崔杼、州吁(yu)之等。
三曰邦谍,(为异国反间。
○谍,音(yin)牒。间(jian),间(jian)厕之间(jian)。)
[疏]注“为异国反间”
○释曰:异国欲(yu)来(lai)侵伐,先遣人往间候,取其(qi)委曲,反来(lai)说之(zhi)。其(qi)言谍谍然(ran),故谓之(zhi)邦(bang)谍。用兵之(zhi)策,勿善(shan)於(wu)此,故《孙子兵法》云:“兴(xing)师十万,日(ri)费千(qian)金。内外(wai)骚动(dong),以争一日(ri)之(zhi)胜,而受爵禄金宝於(wu)人者,非民之(zhi)将,故三军之(zhi)事,莫密於(wu)反。间殷之(zhi)兴(xing)也(ye),伊挚(zhi)在夏。周之(zhi)兴(xing)也(ye),吕牙在殷。唯贤圣将能用间以成,此兵之(zhi)要者也(ye)。”
四曰犯邦令,(干冒玉教令者。
○冒,音墨。)
[疏]注“干冒王教令者”
○释曰(yue):郑云“干冒王教令”者,谓犯邦令,不肯依行。
五曰挢邦令,(称诈以有为者。
○挢,音矫。)
[疏]注“称诈以有为者”
○释(shi)曰:挢,即诈也,故郑(zheng)云“称诈以有为(wei)者”,谓诈上命(ming)营构伪物之类也。
六曰为邦盗,(窃取国之宝藏者。
○藏,才浪(lang)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“窃取”至“藏者”
○释曰:谓(wei)若定八年,阳(yang)货盗(dao)窃宝玉大弓以(yi)出(chu)奔之类是(shi)也。
七曰为邦朋,(朋党相阿,使政不平者。故书“朋”作“亻崩”,郑司农云:“亻崩读如朋友之朋。”
○亻崩,刘音崩,徐(xu)音朋,又补邓反。)
[疏]注“朋党”至“之朋”
○释曰:朋(peng),谓朋(peng)党阿曲。相阿,违(wei)国家正(zheng)法(fa),擅生曲法(fa),使政不平,以罔国法(fa),故曰邦(bang)朋(peng)也。
八(ba)曰为邦诬。(诬罔君(jun)臣,使事失实。)
[疏]注“诬罔”至“失实”
○释曰:谓若君臣相得,政教平美,其(qi)有佞(ning)臣诬以恶事(shi),致(zhi)使善(shan)政失实者也。
若邦凶荒,则以荒辩之法治之,(郑司农云:“辩读为风别之别。救荒之政十有二,而士师别受其数条,是为荒别之法。”玄谓“辩”当为“贬”,声之误也。遭饥荒刑罚、国事有所贬损,作权时法也。《朝士职》曰:“若邦凶荒、札丧、寇戎之故,则令邦国、都家、县鄙虑刑贬。”
○辩,依(yi)注音贬。风别(bie)之别(bie),皆彼(bi)列反(fan),下“傅别(bie)”及注同(tong)。数(shu),所(suo)注反(fan)。)
[疏]“若邦”至“治之”
○释曰:凶荒,谓年不熟,民皆困苦,则以荒贬之法治之,不得用寻常之法。
○注“郑司”至“刑贬”
○释曰:先郑之(zhi)(zhi)言,义无所据,故後(hou)郑不(bu)从(cong)。後(hou)郑破(po)“辨”为(wei)“贬”,从(cong)《朝士职(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)。《朝士职(zhi)》“虑刑贬”者(zhe),彼注谓谋虑缓刑,减损国用,为(wei)民困苦故也(ye)。
令移民、通财、纠守、缓刑。(移民,就贱救困也。通财,补不足也。纠守,卫盗贼也。缓刑,舒民心也。
○纾,音舒,本(ben)亦作舒。)
[疏]注“移民”至“心也”
○释(shi)曰:“移(yi)(yi)民,就(jiu)贱”,谓(wei)可移(yi)(yi)者将身往也(ye)。“通财(cai),补(bu)不(bu)足”,谓(wei)不(bu)可移(yi)(yi)者,即於丰处,将财(cai)以补(bu)不(bu)足。
凡以财狱讼者,正之以傅别、约剂。(傅别,中别手书也。约剂,各所特券也。故书“别”为“辩”,郑司农云:“傅或为付。辨读为风别之别,若今时市买,为券书以别之,得其一,讼则案券以正之。”
○傅,音附,注(zhu)同。约,於妙反(fan),又(you)如字。)
[疏]注“傅别”至“正之”
○释曰(yue):此(ci)注(zhu)云“傅别(bie),中别(bie)手(shou)书也”,《小宰(zai)》注(zhu)“为(wei)大手(shou)书於一(yi)(yi)札(zha),中字(zi)别(bie)之(zhi)”,语异义同(tong)。此(ci)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云“若今时市买,为(wei)券书以别(bie)之(zhi),各(ge)得其(qi)一(yi)(yi)”,义与後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)同(tong),故引之(zhi)在下(xia)。《小宰(zai)》注(zhu)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云:“傅,著约束於大书。别(bie),别(bie)为(wei)两(liang),两(liang)家各(ge)得其(qi)一(yi)(yi)。”後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不从(cong)(cong)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),至此(ci)更(geng)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)解(jie),故从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)。
若祭胜国之社稷,则为之尸。(以刑官为尸,略之也。周谓亡殷之社为亳社。
○亳,步各反。)
[疏]注“以刑”至“亳社”
○释(shi)曰:案《凫》诗,宗庙、社稷(ji)、七祀皆称公尸(shi),不使刑(xing)官。今祭胜国(guo)之(zhi)社稷(ji),用士师为尸(shi),故郑云(yun)“用刑(xing)官为尸(shi),略(lve)之(zhi)也(ye)”。云(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)谓(wei)亡殷之(zhi)社为亳社”者(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)“胜国(guo)”,注为亡殷,又云(yun)亳社者(zhe),据周(zhou)(zhou)胜殷谓(wei)之(zhi)胜,据殷亡即云(yun)亡国(guo),即《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》云(yun)“废国(guo)之(zhi)社必(bi)屋之(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)。据地而言(yan),即言(yan)亳社,《春秋》“亳社灾(zai)”是(shi)也(ye)。
王燕出入,则前驱而辟。(道王且辟行人。
○道(dao),音导,下三(san)公(gong)道(dao)盗贼道(dao)同。)
[疏]注“道王且辟行人”
○释曰(yue):“导王”,解“前(qian)驱”。“且(qie)辟行人”,解“而辟”。王燕出入,谓宫苑皆是(shi)。
祀五帝,则沃尸。及王盥,洎镬水。(洎,谓增其沃汁。
○洎(ji),其器反,或(huo)音冀。)
[疏]注“洎谓增其沃汁”
○释曰:案《特牲》、《少(shao)牢》,尸尊,不就(jiu)洗(xi),入门北面,则以(yi)盘(pan)盥手。王盥,谓将献尸时(shi),先就(jiu)洗(xi)盥。洎镬(huo)水,增其沃(wo)(wo)(wo)汁(zhi),镬(huo)在门外(wai)之(zhi)东(dong),亨(heng)牲之(zhi)爨。言须(xu)镬(huo)水,就(jiu)爨增之(zhi)。亨(heng)实镬(huo)水,此官增之(zhi),示(shi)敬而已。此直言“祀五帝沃(wo)(wo)(wo)尸及王盥”,其馀冬至(zhi)、夏至(zhi),及祭(ji)先王、先公所沃(wo)(wo)(wo)盥者,案《小祝职(zhi)》云“大(da)祭(ji)祀,沃(wo)(wo)(wo)尸盥”,《小臣(chen)职(zhi)》云“大(da)祭(ji)祀朝(chao)觐,沃(wo)(wo)(wo)王盥”,如是,则冬至(zhi)夏至(zhi)及先王先公,小祝沃(wo)(wo)(wo)尸盥,小臣(chen)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)王盥。《郁人》云“凡事(shi)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)盥”,惟在宗朝(chao)为时(shi)。
凡乞刂珥,则奉犬牲。(珥读为┰。乞刂┰,衅礼之事。用牲,毛者曰乞刂,羽者曰┰。
○乞刂,音机,刘(liu)音奇。珥,而志反,注┰同。)
[疏]注“珥读”至“曰┰”
○释曰(yue):郑为(wei)“┰”者(zhe),珥是玉名,故(gu)破从┰,取用(yong)血之意。知乞刂(dao)┰是衅(xin)礼者(zhe),《杂记(ji)》云“成庙则衅(xin)之,门、夹室皆用(yong)鸡,其┰皆於(wu)屋下”,彼虽(sui)不言乞刂(dao),乞刂(dao)┰相(xiang)将(jiang),故(gu)知是衅(xin)礼。知“用(yong)牲(sheng),毛者(zhe)曰(yue)乞刂(dao),羽者(zhe)曰(yue)┰”者(zhe),《杂记(ji)》鸡言┰,即(ji)毛曰(yue)乞刂(dao)可知。
诸侯为宾,则帅(shuai)其属而跸于王宫。(谓诸侯来朝若燕飨时(shi)。)
[疏]“诸侯”至“王宫”
○释曰:《士师》言“帅其属”,当官下云“属”,上士已下皆是也。
○注“谓诸”至“飨时”
○释曰:经云“跸于(yu)王(wang)宫”,飨在庙(miao),燕在寝。言于(yu)王(wang)宫,故知燕飨时也(ye)。
大丧亦如之。
[疏]“大丧亦如之”。
○释曰:大丧(sang)在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)中,谓朝庙,亦在(zai)宫(gong)(gong)中为跸也。
大师,帅其属而禁逆军旅者与犯师禁者而戮之。(逆军旅,反将命也。犯师禁,于行陈也。
○将,子匠(jiang)反(fan)。行,户刚(gang)反(fan),陈直刃(ren)反(fan)。)
[疏]“大师”至“戮之”。
○释曰:“帅其属”,亦谓上士已下,在军而戮,亦谓戮於社主前。
○注“逆军”至“陈也”
○释曰:“逆(ni)军(jun)旅,反(fan)将命(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe),王在军(jun)自(zi)将,违王命(ming)(ming)亦是(shi)反(fan)将命(ming)(ming)。王不(bu)在,困外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,将军(jun)裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦是(shi)反(fan)将命(ming)(ming)。“犯师禁,于行陈(chen)”者(zhe)(zhe),干(gan)犯军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行陈(chen)。案昭元年(nian),晋(jin)(jin)荀吴败(bai)狄于太原,将战,魏(wei)绛曰:“请(qing)皆卒,自(zi)我(wo)始。”荀吴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嬖人(ren)不(bu)肯即(ji)卒,斩以徇。襄三年(nian),鸡泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟,晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)杨于乱行於曲梁,魏(wei)绛戮(lu)其(qi)仆,魏(wei)绛曰:“军(jun)事有死(si)无犯为敬。”此二者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)反(fan)将命(ming)(ming)干(gan)行陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。
岁终,则令正要会。(定计簿。
○簿,步古(gu)反。)
[疏]注“定计簿”
○释(shi)曰:“定计(ji)簿”者,年(nian)终将考之(zhi)故也。
正岁,帅(shuai)其属而(er)宪禁令于国及郊(jiao)野。(去国百里为郊(jiao),郊(jiao)外谓(wei)之野。)
[疏]注“去国”至“之野”
○释曰:“正岁,宪(xian)禁令”者(zhe),取除旧布新(xin)之义。言“于国(guo)及郊野”者(zhe),则自(zi)国(guo)至百里外皆宪(xian)禁之也(ye)。云(yun)“去国(guo)百里曰郊”,《司(si)马法》文。“郊外谓之野”,《尔雅》文。
乡士掌(zhang)国(guo)中(zhong),(郑(zheng)司农(nong)云:“谓国(guo)中(zhong)至百(bai)里郊也。”玄谓其地(di)则距(ju)王城百(bai)里内也。言掌(zhang)国(guo)中(zhong),此主国(guo)中(zhong)狱也,六乡之狱在国(guo)中(zhong)。)
[疏]“乡士掌国中”
○释曰:乡士主六乡之狱。言“掌国中”者,狱居近,六乡之狱皆在国中。
○“郑司”至“国中”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“谓国中至百(bai)(bai)里(li)郊(jiao)”,後郑(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe),六乡地虽在百(bai)(bai)里(li)郊(jiao)内(nei)(nei),要言(yan)国中者(zhe),指狱而言(yan),非通百(bai)(bai)里(li)在国中,故(gu)不(bu)从也。是(shi)以“谓其地则(ze)距王城(cheng)百(bai)(bai)里(li)内(nei)(nei),言(yan)掌(zhang)国中,此主国中狱也”。云(yun)(yun)“六乡之(zhi)狱在国中”,对六遂之(zhi)狱在四郊(jiao)者(zhe)也。
各掌其乡之民数而纠戒之,(乡士八人,言各者,四(si)人而分主三乡。)
[疏]注“乡士”至“三乡”
○释曰:郑以四人分主三乡(xiang)者,若以八人共主三乡(xiang),不得(de)言(yan)“各(ge)”。既言(yan)各(ge),则有(you)部分,故以四人分主三乡(xiang)解(jie)之也。
听其狱讼,察(cha)其辞,(察(cha),审也(ye)。)
[疏]注“察审也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):乡士主治狱(yu)讼之事,故(gu)云“听其狱(yu)讼,察其辞”。言“审”者,恐人枉监也(ye)。
辩其狱讼,异其死刑之罪而要之,旬而职听于朝。(辩、异,谓殊其文书也。要之,为其罪法之要辞,如今劾矣。十日,乃以职事治之於外朝,容其自反覆。
○劾(he),户(hu)代(dai)反。覆(fu),芳服反,《方士职》注同(tong)。)
[疏]“辩其”至“于朝”
○释曰:云“辨其狱讼”者,辩,别也。狱谓争罪。讼谓争财。事既不同,文书亦异。云“异其死刑之罪”者,死与四刑轻重不同,文书亦异。云“而要之”者,文书既得,乃後取其要辞。虽得要实之辞,罪定,仍至十日,乃後以断刑之职,听断于外朝。
○注“辩异”至“反覆”
○释(shi)曰:云“要之,为(wei)其(qi)罪法之要辞,如今劾矣”者,劾,实(shi)(shi)也。正谓弃(qi)虚(xu)从实(shi)(shi),收取要辞为(wei)定,容其(qi)自反(fan)覆,恐囚虚(xu)承(cheng)其(qi)罪,十日(ri)不(bu)翻,即是其(qi)实(shi)(shi),然(ran)後向外朝对众(zhong)更询,乃与(yu)之罪。
司寇听之,断其狱(yu)、弊其讼(song)于朝。群士司刑皆(jie)在,各(ge)丽(li)其法以议(yi)狱(yu)讼(song)。(丽(li),附(fu)也。各(ge)附(fu)致其法以成议(yi)也。)
[疏]“司寇”至“狱讼”
○释曰:此即朝众听之事。狱言“断”,讼言“弊”,弊亦断,异言耳。云“群士司刑皆在”者,所谓《吕刑》云“师听五辞”,一也。恐专有滥,故众狱官共听之。云“各丽其法”者,罪状不同,附法有异,当如其罪状,各依其罪,不得滥出滥入,如此以议狱讼也。
○注“丽附”至“议也”
○释曰:所(suo)议(yi)(yi)本欲得其(qi)(qi)实情,故须各致其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)以成其(qi)(qi)议(yi)(yi),致法(fa)(fa)行(xing)刑,当与议(yi)(yi)状相(xiang)依也。
狱讼成,士师受中。协日刑杀,肆之三日。(受中,谓受狱讼之成也。郑司农云:“士师受中,若今二千石受其狱也。中者,刑罚之中也。故《论语》曰‘刑罚不中,则民无所措手足’。协日刑杀,协,合也,和也,和合支善日,若今时望後利日也。肆之三日,故《春秋传》曰‘三日弃疾请尸’,《论语》曰‘肆诸市朝’。”玄谓士师即受狱讼之成,乡士则择可刑杀之日,至其时而往莅之,尸之三日乃反也。
○汁日,音协,本(ben)亦(yi)作协,下同。不中,丁仲反(fan)。措(cuo),七故反(fan)。)
[疏]“狱讼”至“三日”
○释曰:此经为上议得其实,欲行刑之时,故云“狱讼成”。成谓罪已成定。云“士师受中”者,士师当受取士成定中平文书为案。云“协日刑杀”者,谓乡士当和合善日,行刑及杀之事。云“肆之三日”者,据死者而言。其四刑之类,行讫即放,不须肆之。
○注“受中”至“反也”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)二(er)千(qian)(qian)石(shi)受(shou)(shou)其(qi)狱(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉时(shi)(shi)受(shou)(shou)二(er)千(qian)(qian)石(shi)禄禀郡守之(zhi)(zhi)等,受(shou)(shou)在下(xia)已(yi)成之(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu)(yu)。官支善日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),十(shi)(shi)二(er)辰子(zi)(zi)(zi)丑(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi)支,甲乙丙丁之(zhi)(zhi)等是(shi)(shi),若(ruo)言(yan)(yan)甲子(zi)(zi)(zi)、乙丑(chou)、丙寅、丁卯之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),皆以(yi)支配(pei)而言(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)时(shi)(shi)望(wang)後利日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),月大(da)(da)则十(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)(ri)为望(wang),月小则十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)为望(wang)。利日(ri)(ri)(ri),即(ji)合刑杀之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“肆之(zhi)(zhi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),肆,陈也(ye)(ye)(ye),杀讫陈尸也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《春秋传》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),襄二(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)年“楚(chu)令尹(yin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)南宠观起,楚(chu)人患之(zhi)(zhi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)南之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弃疾(ji)为王御士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。王泣告弃疾(ji),言(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)南罪,遂杀子(zi)(zi)(zi)南于朝”。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)南,公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)追(zhui)舒”。三日(ri)(ri)(ri),弃疾(ji)请(qing)尸。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《论(lun)语》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《宪(xian)问篇》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“公(gong)伯寮子(zi)(zi)(zi)路於季(ji)孙。子(zi)(zi)(zi)服景伯谓(wei)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:吾力犹能(neng)肆诸(zhu)市朝。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)夫於朝,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於市。公(gong)伯寮是(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),止(zhi)应(ying)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)肆诸(zhu)市,连言(yan)(yan)朝耳。”引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆证肆之(zhi)(zhi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓(wei)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师既(ji)受(shou)(shou)狱(yu)(yu)讼之(zhi)(zhi)成,乡士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则择(ze)可刑杀之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri),至(zhi)其(qi)时(shi)(shi)而往莅(li)之(zhi)(zhi),尸之(zhi)(zhi)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)乃反也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乃反,谓(wei)收取(qu)其(qi)尸。郑言(yan)(yan)此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师受(shou)(shou)中,协(xie)日(ri)(ri)(ri)刑杀”,文无分别,恐是(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师受(shou)(shou)中,还是(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师刑杀,故(gu)须辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)。知非士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师刑杀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师是(shi)(shi)司寇之(zhi)(zhi)考,总摄诸(zhu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所刑杀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、县士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、方士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)自(zi)往莅(li)之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)一一遣(qian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师自(zi)行(xing),於理不可,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)郑为此解也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
若(ruo)欲免(mian)之(zhi),则(ze)王会其期。(免(mian)犹(you)赦也。期,谓乡士(shi)职听于朝,司寇(kou)听之(zhi)日,王欲赦之(zhi),则(ze)用此时(shi)亲(qin)往议之(zhi)。)
[疏]“若欲”至“其期”
○释曰:所司折断,已得其实情,状案既成,乃始(shi)就朝详断,王虽(sui)欲免,必无免法。但王者(zhe)恩深爱物,庶欲免之,恐有滥(lan)行,理须亲(qin)会(hui)者(zhe)也(ye)。
大祭祀、大丧纪、大军旅、大宾客,则各掌其乡之禁令,帅其属夹道而跸。(属,中士以下。
○夹,古治反,刘(liu)古协反。)
[疏]注“属中士以下”
○释曰:此四者(zhe),六乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)皆(jie)有其(qi)事。大祭(ji)祀,若祭(ji)天、四时(shi)迎气,即(ji)於(wu)四郊。大丧纪(ji),当葬所(suo)经道。大军(jun)旅,王出行所(suo)经过。大宾(bin)客,四方诸(zhu)侯来(lai)朝,各(ge)由方而入(ru)。并过六乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)路,以是(shi)故各(ge)掌其(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之禁令,当各(ge)帅(shuai)其(qi)属,夹道而跸。知(zhi)属是(shi)中士(shi)以下者(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)士(shi)身是(shi)上(shang)士(shi),故云“中士(shi)以下”。
三公若有邦事,则为之前驱而辟,其丧亦如之。(郑司农云:“乡士为三公道也,若今时三公出城,郡督邮盗贼道也。”
○为,于伪反,遂士(shi)、县(xian)士(shi)、讶士(shi)职同。)
[疏]“三公”至“如之”
○释曰:三公有邦事,须亲自入乡,则乡士为公作前驱,引道而辟止行人。云“其丧亦如之”者,谓公卿大夫之丧,死於此者,及葬,为之前驱而辟。
○注“郑司”至“道也”
○释曰(yue):云“郡(jun)督邮(you)盗(dao)贼(zei)道(dao)也”者,邮(you),谓邮(you)行往来。盗(dao)贼(zei),谓旧(jiu)为盗(dao)贼(zei),即不(bu)良之(zhi)人,故郡(jun)内(nei)督察邮(you)行者,是盗(dao)贼(zei)之(zhi)人。使之(zhi)道(dao),以况古乡士为道(dao)相类也。
几国有(you)大事,则(ze)戮其犯命者。
[疏]“几国”至“命者”
○释曰:国有(you)(you)大(da)事(shi)(shi)言“戮(lu)(lu)犯命(ming)者”,止谓(wei)征(zheng)伐田猎之大(da)事(shi)(shi),故有(you)(you)犯命(ming)刑戮(lu)(lu)之事(shi)(shi)也。
遂士(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)四郊(jiao),(郑司(si)农云(yun):“谓百里(li)外(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)三百里(li)也。”玄谓其地则距王(wang)城百里(li)以外(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)二(er)百里(li)。言“掌(zhang)(zhang)四郊(jiao)”者(zhe),此主四郊(jiao)狱(yu)也。六遂之狱(yu)在四郊(jiao)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“四郊”
○释曰(yue):先郑云(yun)“百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外至三(san)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也”者,见《县(xian)(xian)士(shi)(shi)》云(yun)“掌(zhang)野(ye)”,去(qu)王城(cheng)四百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)县(xian)(xian),故曰(yue)小都任县(xian)(xian)地(di)。《方(fang)士(shi)(shi)》云(yun)“掌(zhang)都家”,谓去(qu)王城(cheng)五(wu)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。既以乡士(shi)(shi)所掌(zhang)为去(qu)王城(cheng)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)内,惟有二(er)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、三(san)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)二(er)处(chu)在(zai),当是此遂(sui)士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)之(zhi),故为此解。後(hou)郑不从(cong)。“玄谓其地(di)则(ze)(ze)距(ju)王城(cheng)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以外,至二(er)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者,後(hou)郑意(yi),六(liu)遂(sui)之(zhi)地(di)则(ze)(ze)在(zai)二(er)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong),但狱(yu)则(ze)(ze)不在(zai)二(er)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong),当在(zai)百里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四郊(jiao)上置之(zhi),亦若六(liu)乡地(di)在(zai)王城(cheng)外,狱(yu)则(ze)(ze)在(zai)城(cheng)中(zhong)然。故更云(yun)“言掌(zhang)四郊(jiao),此主(zhu)四郊(jiao)之(zhi)狱(yu)。六(liu)遂(sui)之(zhi)狱(yu)在(zai)四郊(jiao)”也。
各(ge)掌其遂(sui)之民数(shu),而纠其戒令,(遂(sui)士十二人(ren),言各(ge)者(zhe),二人(ren)而分主一遂(sui)。)
[疏]注“遂士”至“一遂”
○释(shi)曰:遂(sui)(sui)士(shi)十(shi)二(er)人,《序官》文。亦如乡士(shi),若总(zong)掌不分(fen),不得云“各”,既言各掌,十(shi)二(er)人有六遂(sui)(sui),是二(er)人分(fen)主一遂(sui)(sui)可知(zhi)。
听(ting)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)狱(yu)讼(song)(song),察(cha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辞,辨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)狱(yu)讼(song)(song),异其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)死刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)罪(zui)而(er)要之(zhi),二旬而(er)职听(ting)于(yu)朝(chao)。司寇听(ting)之(zhi),断其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)狱(yu)、弊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)讼(song)(song)于(yu)朝(chao)。群士(shi)(shi)(shi)司刑(xing)(xing)皆在,各(ge)丽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)以议狱(yu)讼(song)(song)。狱(yu)讼(song)(song)成,士(shi)(shi)(shi)师受中。协日(ri)(ri)就(jiu)郊(jiao)而(er)刑(xing)(xing)杀,各(ge)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遂,肄之(zhi)三(san)日(ri)(ri)。(就(jiu)郊(jiao)而(er)刑(xing)(xing)杀者(zhe),遂士(shi)(shi)(shi)也。遂士(shi)(shi)(shi)择(ze)刑(xing)(xing)杀日(ri)(ri),至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时往(wang)莅(li)之(zhi),如乡士(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)之(zhi)矣。言各(ge)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遂者(zhe),四郊(jiao)六遂,遂处不同。)
[疏]“听其”至“三日”
○释曰:此一经亦如《乡士》,狱成就朝听断,事有异者二旬,与《乡士》别,以其去王城渐远,恐多枉滥,故至二旬,容其反覆也。云“就郊而刑杀”者,乡士之狱在国中,不须言“就”,此在郊,差远,故云就郊也。言“各於其遂”者,六乡之狱并在国中,不得言“各”,六遂之狱分在四郊之上,故须言各也。
○注“就郊”至“不同”
○释曰:郑云(yun)“就郊而刑杀(sha)者(zhe),遂士(shi)也”者(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)“士(shi)师(shi)受中”,即(ji)云(yun)“协(xie)日就郊刑杀(sha)”,观其文势,亦恐士(shi)师(shi)刑杀(sha),故云(yun)遂士(shi)也。云(yun)“遂处(chu)(chu)不(bu)同”者(zhe),六遂分置四郊之(zhi)外,有六处(chu)(chu),狱还(hai)六处(chu)(chu)置之(zhi),故云(yun)不(bu)同也。
若欲免之,则王令(ling)三(san)公会其期。(令(ling)犹命也。王欲放之,则用遂士职听之时,命三(san)公往议之。)
[疏]注“令犹”至“议之”
○释曰:若会其(qi)(qi)期(qi),皆在外朝。但民有远(yuan)近,故(gu)六(liu)乡狱,王自会其(qi)(qi)期(qi),六(liu)遂狱差远(yuan),使三公会其(qi)(qi)期(qi)也。云“令(ling)(ling)犹(you)(you)命(ming)”者,上(shang)文乡士(shi)云“命(ming)”,此变(bian)命(ming)云“令(ling)(ling)”,令(ling)(ling)、命(ming)义(yi)不(bu)殊,故(gu)云令(ling)(ling)犹(you)(you)命(ming)也。
若邦(bang)有大事聚众庶,则各掌其遂之(zhi)禁令,帅其属而跸(bi)。(大事,王所亲也。)
[疏]注“大事王所亲也”
○释曰:案上乡士在四(si)郊(jiao)内有(you)大祭(ji)祀、大丧(sang)纪等四(si)事(shi),事(shi)多(duo),故须(xu)历陈。此在四(si)郊(jiao)之(zhi)外(wai),无大祭(ji)祀、大丧(sang)纪,惟有(you)大军旅、大宾客(ke)出入所(suo)经,二者有(you)聚(ju)众庶(shu)之(zhi)事(shi),故总云“大事(shi)聚(ju)众庶(shu)”耳(er)。此虽不言夹(jia)道(dao),亦当夹(jia)道(dao)跸也。
六卿若有邦(bang)事,则(ze)为之前驱而辟,其(qi)丧亦如之。凡郊有大事,则(ze)戮其(qi)犯命者。
[疏]“六卿”至“命者”
○释曰:若六(liu)乡近,则使三(san)公有邦事。此六(liu)遂差(cha)远,邦事使六(liu)卿(qing)往。云“其(qi)丧(sang)亦如之”者(zhe),亦谓(wei)公卿(qing)大夫之丧(sang),死於其(qi)中者(zhe),亦为(wei)之前(qian)驱而辟(pi)也。云“郊有大事”者(zhe),亦谓(wei)六(liu)遂之民从军征伐(fa)、田猎,戮其(qi)犯命也。
县(xian)士掌(zhang)野(ye)(ye)(ye),(郑司(si)农(nong)云(yun):“掌(zhang)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)里(li)至四(si)百(bai)(bai)里(li),大夫所食。晋韩须为公族大夫,食县(xian)。”玄谓地(di)距王城二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)里(li)以(yi)外(wai)至三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)里(li)曰野(ye)(ye)(ye),三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)里(li)以(yi)外(wai)至四(si)百(bai)(bai)里(li)曰县(xian),四(si)百(bai)(bai)里(li)以(yi)外(wai)至五百(bai)(bai)里(li)曰都(dou)。都(dou)县(xian)野(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)地(di),其(qi)邑非(fei)王子弟、公卿大夫之(zhi)采地(di),则皆(jie)公邑也(ye),谓之(zhi)县(xian),县(xian)士掌(zhang)其(qi)狱(yu)焉。言(yan)“掌(zhang)野(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,郊外(wai)曰野(ye)(ye)(ye),大总言(yan)之(zhi)也(ye)。狱(yu)居近,野(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)县(xian)狱(yu)在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)里(li)上(shang),县(xian)之(zhi)县(xian)狱(yu)在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)里(li)上(shang),都(dou)之(zhi)县(xian)狱(yu)在(zai)(zai)四(si)百(bai)(bai)里(li)上(shang)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“里上”
○释曰(yue):先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意,遂(sui)士(shi)既主二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),又(you)案(an)《载师(shi)职》“小都(dou)任(ren)(ren)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地”,在四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong),故云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”,云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)所食”。云(yun)(yun)“晋韩须(xu)为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),食县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即《载师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun)“小都(dou)任(ren)(ren)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地”,一(yi)也。案(an)昭五(wu)(wu)(wu)年,楚启疆曰(yue):“晋韩襄为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),韩须(xu)受命(ming)而使(shi)矣(yi)。”注云(yun)(yun):“襄,韩无忌子也,为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。须(xu),起之(zhi)(zhi)门子,言(yan)(yan)(yan)虽幼(you),已任(ren)(ren)出使(shi)。”如(ru)是(shi),韩须(xu)不为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),言(yan)(yan)(yan)受命(ming)而使(shi),明(ming)时为(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),但年幼(you)。或此(ci)注当为(wei)韩襄。知食县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下有“十家九(jiu)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,注云(yun)(yun)“韩氏(shi)七邑(yi)(yi)”是(shi)也。“玄谓地距王(wang)城二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)野(ye)(ye),三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)都(dou)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)明(ming)此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)处之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),有三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi),故更云(yun)(yun)“都(dou),都(dou)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)野(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)地,其(qi)邑(yi)(yi)非王(wang)子弟、公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)地,则(ze)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),王(wang)子弟依三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)臣分为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)处,公(gong)(gong)(gong)在五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)疆地,卿(qing)在四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地,大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)在三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稍地,给此(ci)三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)采(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi),故云(yun)(yun)则(ze)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)。案(an)《载师(shi)》注:”使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)治此(ci)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)民(min),二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)如(ru)州(zhou)长。四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)如(ru)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)正。”云(yun)(yun)“谓之(zhi)(zhi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)其(qi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),主三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu),总(zong)谓之(zhi)(zhi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)也。云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)野(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)曰(yue)野(ye)(ye),大(da)(da)(da)总(zong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)曰(yue)野(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非谓郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),纵四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)及五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得谓之(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《遂(sui)人》亦云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)野(ye)(ye)”。野(ye)(ye),亦谓百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)称(cheng)野(ye)(ye)。故郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)彼注及此(ci)注皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)曰(yue)野(ye)(ye),是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)总(zong)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)也。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)《县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)野(ye)(ye)”,掌(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外(wai)(wai)(wai)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)(san)(san)处之(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)野(ye)(ye)耳。云(yun)(yun)“狱(yu)(yu)(yu)居(ju)近(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从乡士(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)国中(zhong)(zhong)已外(wai)(wai)(wai),遂(sui)士(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)近(jin)(jin)而言(yan)(yan)(yan),明(ming)此(ci)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)三(san)(san)(san)等(deng)狱(yu)(yu)(yu),以(yi)(yi)次据(ju)近(jin)(jin)而置(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“野(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)在二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上,县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)在三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上,都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)在四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)上”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)处狱(yu)(yu)(yu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)名县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有稍、县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都(dou),县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong),故皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)名。若(ruo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)野(ye)(ye)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou),据(ju)本(ben)为(wei)称(cheng)。若(ruo)然,云(yun)(yun)掌(zhang)(zhang)野(ye)(ye),则(ze)三(san)(san)(san)处总(zong)名野(ye)(ye)。及历言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)惟三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)得名野(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)四(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)名,还指本(ben)号。二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)地虽有稍名,县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)既言(yan)(yan)(yan)掌(zhang)(zhang)野(ye)(ye),不得不存一(yi)野(ye)(ye)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)名故也。案(an)《载师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)在甸(dian)地”,则(ze)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)亦有公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)。县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)士(shi)惟掌(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已外(wai)(wai)(wai),其(qi)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)狱(yu)(yu)(yu),遂(sui)士(shi)兼掌(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。
各(ge)(ge)掌其(qi)(qi)县(xian)之(zhi)民数,纠其(qi)(qi)戒令,而听其(qi)(qi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼,察其(qi)(qi)辞,辨(bian)其(qi)(qi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼,异其(qi)(qi)死刑(xing)之(zhi)罪而要之(zhi),三旬而职听于朝(chao)。司(si)寇听之(zhi),断(duan)其(qi)(qi)狱(yu)(yu)(yu)、弊其(qi)(qi)讼于朝(chao)。群士(shi)司(si)刑(xing)皆在,各(ge)(ge)丽(li)其(qi)(qi)法以(yi)议狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼。狱(yu)(yu)(yu)讼成,士(shi)师受中。协(xie)日刑(xing)杀,各(ge)(ge)就其(qi)(qi)县(xian),肆之(zhi)三日。(刑(xing)杀各(ge)(ge)就其(qi)(qi)县(xian)者(zhe),亦谓(wei)县(xian)士(shi)也。)
[疏]注“刑杀”至“士也”
○释(shi)曰:上乡(xiang)士(shi)(shi)、遂士(shi)(shi)皆解分(fen)人各主(zhu)之义,至此县(xian)士(shi)(shi),郑虽不言,案《序(xu)官》,县(xian)士(shi)(shi)三十(shi)(shi)有二人。县(xian)狱既有三处,盖三百里(li)地狭人少,当(dang)十(shi)(shi)人,四百里(li)、五百里(li)地广民多,当(dang)各十(shi)(shi)一人,以是(shi),故(gu)得云“各掌其县(xian)之民数”也。“三旬”者,亦是(shi)去王渐远,故(gu)加(jia)至三旬,容其自反覆(fu)。云“亦谓县(xian)士(shi)(shi)”者,亦以经文(wen)势相连,恐(kong)士(shi)(shi)师刑杀,故(gu)须解之。
若欲(yu)免之(zhi),则王命六卿会其期。(期亦谓(wei)县士(shi)职听之(zhi)时。)
[疏]注“期亦”至“之时”
○释(shi)曰:以(yi)其差远,故不使三公(gong),而(er)使六卿会其期也。
若邦有大役聚众庶(shu),则(ze)各掌其县(xian)之禁令(ling)。若大夫(fu)有邦事,则(ze)为(wei)之前驱而(er)辟,其丧亦如(ru)之。凡野有大事,则(ze)戮其犯(fan)命者。(野,距王城二百里以外,及(ji)县(xian)都。)
[疏]“若邦”至“命者”
○释曰:直言“大役”,不言大事,又不言帅其属而跸者,则非王行征伐之事。谓起大役役使民众,故直各掌其县之禁令而已。其丧,亦谓公卿大夫之丧有死於此者。云“凡野有大事,则戮其犯命”者,谓有军事於此而犯命者也。
○注“野距”至“县都”
○释曰(yue):上“掌野”虽已(yi)解野,今此(ci)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡野”,恐有别义(yi),故郑详言之。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“野,距王(wang)城二(er)百里以外及县都(dou)”者,若如此(ci)言,则不通二(er)百里以内,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)距王(wang)城二(er)百里以外。从野三百里,县则四(si)百里,都(dou)则五(wu)百里,还是县士狱之所主三处也。
方士掌都家,(郑司农云:“掌四百里至五百里,公所食,鲁季氏食於都。”玄谓都,王子弟及公卿之采地。家,大夫之采地。大都在地,小都在县地,家邑在稍地。不言掌其民数,民不纯属王。
○,居良反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“属王”
○释(shi)曰:先郑(zheng)意,县士(shi)(shi)既掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)四百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)中(zhong),故此方(fang)士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)。云(yun)(yun)“公(gong)所食”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓《载(zai)师(shi)》所云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)任疆地”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。引“鲁季氏食於都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓诸侯大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)与三公(gong)同。後郑(zheng)不(bu)从(cong),谓“都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),王(wang)子弟及公(gong)卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地。家(jia),大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见此经都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)《载(zai)师(shi)》“大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)任疆地,小(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)任县地”,家(jia)是(shi)“家(jia)邑任稍地”。王(wang)子弟亲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与公(gong)同百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li),稍疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与卿同五(wu)十里(li)(li),更(geng)疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫同二十五(wu)里(li)(li)。引《载(zai)师(shi)职》“大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)疆地”以下为证者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)不(bu)从(cong)先郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验。若先郑(zheng)以采(cai)(cai)(cai)地唯(wei)在(zai)四百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)、五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),《载(zai)师(shi)》何得有三等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)乎?是(shi)以後郑(zheng)县士(shi)(shi)自(zi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三等(deng)公(gong)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱,方(fang)士(shi)(shi)自(zi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三等(deng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱。且县士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三等(deng)公(gong)邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱,亲自(zi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若方(fang)士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)三等(deng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱,遥掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)地自(zi)有都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)狱,有事上於方(fang)士(shi)(shi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)言掌(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)其民数,不(bu)纯属(shu)(shu)王(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),采(cai)(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,虽在(zai)王(wang)畿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),属(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,类畿外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民属(shu)(shu)诸侯,故云(yun)(yun)不(bu)纯属(shu)(shu)王(wang)。
听其狱讼之辞,辨其死刑之罪而要之,三月而上狱讼于国。(三月乃上要者,又变朝言国,以其自有君,异之。
○上(shang),时掌反。注(zhu)下并同。)
[疏]注“三月”至“异之”
○释曰:此则上(shang)文都家之(zhi)士(shi)自(zi)(zi)治其狱,狱成(cheng),上(shang)王府,亦於(wu)外朝详(xiang)听(ting)之(zhi)事。云“三(san)月(yue)”及言国“自(zi)(zi)有君异之(zhi)”者,谓(wei)异於(wu)乡(xiang)士(shi)、遂(sui)士(shi)、县士(shi)之(zhi)等。
司寇听其成于朝,群士司刑皆在,各丽其法以议狱讼。(成,平也。郑司农说以《春秋传》曰:“晋邢侯与雍子争畜阝田,久而无成。”
○畜阝,许六反,刘敕(chi)六反,或音勖。)
[疏]“司寇”至“狱讼”
○释曰:上三处直言“司寇听之”,此独云“听其成”者,成,谓采地之士所平断文书,亦是异之类也。
○注“成平”至“无成”
○释曰(yue):云《春秋传》者,《左氏》昭公十四年(nian)之事。言(yan)晋邢(xing)侯是楚人(ren),时在晋,故(gu)与(yu)雍子争(zheng)畜(chu)阝田也(ye)。引之者,证成(cheng)是狱成(cheng)之事。
狱讼(song)成(cheng),士师受中,书其刑杀(sha)(sha)之成(cheng)与其听(ting)狱讼(song)者(zhe)。(都家之吏自协日刑杀(sha)(sha)。但(dan)书其成(cheng)与治狱之吏姓名,备反(fan)覆有失实(shi)者(zhe)。)
[疏]注“都家”至“实者”。
○释曰:谓书其(qi)刑杀之(zhi)成,及听狱人(ren)名(ming)於(wu)上,亦是自(zi)有君,异於(wu)乡士之(zhi)等也。
凡(fan)都家之(zhi)(zhi)大事(shi)聚众庶,则各(ge)掌其(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)禁令。(方(fang)(fang)(fang)士十(shi)六人(ren),言各(ge)掌其(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)者,四人(ren)而主一方(fang)(fang)(fang)也。其(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)王之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)动众,则为(wei)班禁令焉(yan)。)
[疏]“凡都”至“禁令”
○释曰:都家云“大事聚众庶”者,则下文“修其县法”是也。
○注“方士”至“令焉”
○释曰:方士十六人(ren),《序官》文。若不分主,则不得(de)云(yun)“各掌”,故知分之。
以时其县法,若岁终,则省之而诛赏焉。(县法,县师之职也。其职,掌邦国都鄙稍甸郊野之地域,而辨其夫家人民田莱之数,及其六畜车辇之稽。方士以四时此法,岁终又省之,则与掌民数亦相近。
○近,附(fu)近之(zhi)近。)
[疏]注“县法”至“相近”
○释曰:县(xian)(xian)师(shi)其职普(pu)掌天(tian)下,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)邦国据畿内,大都(dou)五(wu)百(bai)里(li),小都(dou)四百(bai)里(li),稍据三百(bai)里(li),甸(dian)据二(er)百(bai)里(li),郊野据百(bai)里(li),遍(bian)天(tian)下矣。夫家(jia),犹言男女。人(ren)民,据家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)奴婢(bi)。云(yun)(yun)“与(yu)掌民数(shu)亦相近(jin)”者,上乡士之(zhi)(zhi)等皆言民数(shu),惟方(fang)士不言,今此《县(xian)(xian)师(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“夫家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)”,即(ji)与(yu)民数(shu)亦相近(jin)。言“相近(jin)”者,依《县(xian)(xian)师(shi)》而知,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)相近(jin)也。
凡都家之士所上治,则主之。(都家之士,都士、家士也。所上治者,谓狱讼之小事,不附罪者也。主之,告於司寇,听平之。
○治(zhi),直吏(li)反,注同(tong),下“有治(zhi)”并(bing)同(tong)。)
[疏]注“都家”至“平之”
○释(shi)曰:以(yi)(yi)《序》有(you)都(dou)士、家士,此云“凡都(dou)家之士”,明(ming)是彼都(dou)士、家士也(ye)。云“所上(shang)治者,谓狱(yu)讼之小(xiao)事,不(bu)附(fu)罪(zui)者”,以(yi)(yi)其上(shang)文巳(si)有(you)士师受中,为附(fu)罪(zui)之大事,明(ming)此是小(xiao)事。
讶士掌(zhang)四(si)方之(zhi)狱讼(song),(郑司农云(yun):“四(si)方诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)狱讼(song)。”)
[疏]注“郑司”至“狱讼”
○释(shi)曰:案《尚书(shu)·吕刑》云(yun)“四方(fang)司政典狱(yu)”,据诸(zhu)侯为言。此(ci)《讶士》亦云(yun)“掌四方(fang)狱(yu)讼”,又下文“谕罪刑于(yu)邦国”,皆言诸(zhu)侯之事,故先郑(zheng)云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯之狱(yu)讼”也。
谕罪(zui)刑于邦(bang)国。(告晓以丽罪(zui)及制刑之本意。)
[疏]注“告晓”至“本意”
○释曰:谕(yu)为(wei)晓(xiao),故(gu)云(yun)“告(gao)晓(xiao)以丽罪(zui)”。罪(zui)者(zhe),谓(wei)断狱附罪(zui)轻(qing)重也。云(yun)“及制(zhi)刑(xing)之(zhi)本(ben)意(yi)”者(zhe),圣(sheng)人所作(zuo)刑(xing)法,正为(wei)息民为(wei)恶。故(gu)云(yun)刑(xing)期无所刑(xing),以杀止杀,是制(zhi)刑(xing)之(zhi)本(ben)意(yi),以此二者(zhe)告(gao)晓(xiao)於诸侯。
凡四方之有治於士者,造焉。(谓谳疑辨事,先来诣,乃通之於士也。士,主谓士师也。如今郡国亦时遣主者吏,诣廷尉议者。
○造,七(qi)报(bao)反。谳,鱼竭反。)
[疏]注“谓谳”至“议者”
○释曰:谓四方(fang)诸侯有疑(yi)狱(yu)不(bu)决,遣使(shi)上王府(fu)士(shi)师者(zhe),故云(yun)“四方(fang)之有治於(wu)士(shi)者(zhe)”。知(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)是(shi)士(shi)师者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)士(shi)师受(shou)中,故知(zhi)(zhi)疑(yi)狱(yu)亦(yi)士(shi)师受(shou)之也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“造(zao)焉”者(zhe),谓先造(zao)诣讶士(shi),乃(nai)通之士(shi)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谳,白也(ye)(ye)(ye),谓谘白疑(yi)辨(bian)之事。汉(han)时狱(yu)官(guan)号(hao)廷尉也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
四方(fang)有乱狱,则往(wang)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)之。(乱狱,谓若君(jun)臣宣淫、上(shang)下(xia)相虐者(zhe)也。往(wang)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)之,犹吕步舒使治淮南狱。)
[疏]注“乱狱”至“南狱”
○释曰:云“君臣宣(xuan)(xuan)淫(yin)(yin)、上(shang)下相(xiang)(xiang)虐”者(zhe),谓若(ruo)《左氏传(chuan)(chuan)》宣(xuan)(xuan)九年,陈(chen)灵公(gong)与孔宁(ning)、仪(yi)行(xing)父共(gong)淫(yin)(yin)徵(zhi)舒(shu)(shu)之(zhi)母夏(xia)姬(ji),衷其(qi)(qi)衤日服(fu),以戏于朝。又(you),公(gong)曰“徵(zhi)舒(shu)(shu)似汝”,对(dui)曰“亦似君”,泄(xie)冶谏,被(bei)杀。後徵(zhi)舒(shu)(shu)射杀灵公(gong),二子(zi)奔楚。楚为讨陈(chen),杀徵(zhi)舒(shu)(shu)。是君臣宣(xuan)(xuan)淫(yin)(yin)、上(shang)下相(xiang)(xiang)虐之(zhi)事。云“往而成(cheng)之(zhi),犹吕步舒(shu)(shu)使治淮南狱”者(zhe),案《前(qian)汉书·儒林(lin)传(chuan)(chuan)》,吕步舒(shu)(shu)事江都相(xiang)(xiang)董仲舒(shu)(shu),明《春秋公(gong)羊》,仕(shi)为丞相(xiang)(xiang)长史,于时(shi)淮南王(wang)刘安与其(qi)(qi)大(da)子(zi)迁(qian)谋(mou)反,汉武帝(di)诏使宗(zong)正刘德与吕步舒(shu)(shu)穷验其(qi)(qi)事。故注者(zhe)引之(zhi)。
邦有宾客,则与行人送逆之。入於国,则为之前驱而辟,野亦如之。居馆,则帅其属而为之跸,诛戮暴客者。客出入则道之,有治则赞之。(送逆,谓始来及去也。出入,谓朝觐於王时也。《春秋传》曰:“晋侯受策以出,出入三觐。”人国入野,自以时事。
○道,音导。)
[疏]注“送逆”至“时事”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“送逆,谓始来(lai)及去也(ye)”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其讶士主以(yi)(yi)(yi)迎送诸(zhu)侯,故从(cong)来(lai)至(zhi)去,皆送迎之,礼(li)(li)也(ye)。知出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)是(shi)朝(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)於王者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其言出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru),与晋(jin)侯称出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)同,故引晋(jin)侯事。案僖(xi)二(er)十八(ba)年,襄王策(ce)命晋(jin)侯为(wei)侯伯,晋(jin)侯“受(shou)策(ce)以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu),出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)三(san)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)”。注云(yun)(yun):“出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)犹去来(lai)也(ye)。从(cong)来(lai)至(zhi)去,凡三(san)见王。”上公庙中将币,三(san)享(xiang),王礼(li)(li)再而酢,飨礼(li)(li)九献,食礼(li)(li)九举(ju),三(san)劳三(san)问,出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)三(san)觐(jin)(jin)(jin),为(wei)行(xing)此(ci)溃(kui)是(shi)出(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)为(wei)朝(chao)觐(jin)(jin)(jin)。云(yun)(yun)“入(ru)(ru)国(guo)入(ru)(ru)野(ye),自以(yi)(yi)(yi)时事”者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其外国(guo)至(zhi)此(ci),入(ru)(ru)国(guo)须有亲故相见之法,入(ru)(ru)野(ye)须有采取之宜,并是(shi)私(si)事,故云(yun)(yun)时事也(ye)。
凡邦之大事聚(ju)众庶,则(ze)读其誓禁。
[疏]“凡邦”至“誓禁”
○释(shi)曰:大事者,自是在国征伐之(zhi)等。聚众庶,非(fei)诸侯之(zhi)事也(ye)。则讶士(shi)读其誓命之(zhi)辞及五禁之(zhi)法也(ye)。
朝士掌建邦外朝之法,左九棘,孤卿大夫位焉,群士在其後。右九棘,公侯伯子男位焉,群吏在其後。面三槐,三公位焉,州长众庶在其後。左嘉石,平罢民焉。右肺石,达穷民焉。(树棘以为位者,取其赤心而外剌,象以赤心三剌也。槐之言怀也,怀来人於此,欲与之谋。群吏,谓府史也。州长,乡遂之官。郑司农云:“王有五门,外曰皋门,二曰雉门,三曰库门,四曰应门,五曰路门。路门一曰毕门。外朝在路门外,内朝在路门内。左九棘,右九棘,故《易》曰‘系用徽纟墨,于丛棘’。”玄谓《明堂位》说鲁公宫曰“库门,天子皋门。雉门,天子应门。”言鲁用天子之礼,所名曰库门者,如天子皋门。所名曰雉门者,如天子应门。此名制二兼四,则鲁无皋门、应门矣。《檀弓》曰:“鲁庄公之丧,既葬,而不入库门。”言其除丧而反,由外来,是库门在雉门外必矣。如是,王五门,雉门为中门,雉门设两观,与今之宫门同。阍人几出入者,穷民盖不得入也。《郊特牲》讥绎於库门内,言远,当於庙门,庙在库门之内,见於此矣。《小宗伯职》曰:“建国之神位,右社稷,左宗庙。”然则外朝在库门之外,皋门之内与?今司徒府有天子以下大会殿,亦古之外朝哉。周天子诸侯皆有三朝,外朝一,内朝二。内朝之在路门内者,或谓之燕朝。
○长,丁(ding)丈反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),注(zhu)同(tong)(tong)。罢,音(yin)(yin)皮,《司圜职》同(tong)(tong)。刺,七赐反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同(tong)(tong)。纟墨,亡北反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。示(shi)于,之(zhi)豉(chi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又如字,本或(huo)作。丛(cong),才公反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。观,古(gu)乱反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。阍(hun),音(yin)(yin)昏。绎,音(yin)(yin)亦,徐音(yin)(yin)夕。见(jian),贤(xian)遍(bian)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。与,音(yin)(yin)馀,下(xia)“国服与”同(tong)(tong)。)
[疏]注“树棘”至“燕朝”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“取其(qi)(qi)赤心(xin)而(er)(er)(er)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)棘(ji)(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据王询三(san)刺(ci)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)“槐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)怀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),怀来人(ren)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci),欲与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋”,此(ci)(ci)亦据三(san)询而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“州(zhou)长,乡遂(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),州(zhou)长是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),兼言(yan)(yan)遂(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)既(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci),明六遂(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci),故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)遂(sui)以苞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)“王有(you)五门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)曰(yue)(yue)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),二(er)曰(yue)(yue)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),三(san)曰(yue)(yue)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),四曰(yue)(yue)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),五曰(yue)(yue)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一曰(yue)(yue)毕门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),毕门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),出(chu)自《顾命(ming)(ming)》,故(gu)(gu)《顾命(ming)(ming)》云(yun)(yun)“二(er)人(ren)爵(jue)弁(bian)执惠,立於(wu)(wu)(wu)毕门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)後(hou)郑皆不(bu)从。云(yun)(yun)“左九棘(ji)(ji)(ji),右九棘(ji)(ji)(ji),故(gu)(gu)《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)‘系用徽纟墨(mo),于(yu)(yu)(yu)丛棘(ji)(ji)(ji)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证九棘(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao),断(duan)罪人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“玄(xuan)谓(wei)《明堂位》说鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)公(gong)宫(gong)曰(yue)(yue)‘库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)’。言(yan)(yan)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)用天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,所(suo)(suo)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。所(suo)(suo)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),如(ru)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。此(ci)(ci)名(ming)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)兼四”,後(hou)郑言(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲破先(xian)郑以天(tian)(tian)子(zi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若然(ran)(ran),鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)作库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),其(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)与(yu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)同(tong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一兼二(er),库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兼得(de)(de)(de)皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)矣(yi)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)作雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),其(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)同(tong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一兼二(er),则(ze)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)向(xiang)(xiang)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),兼得(de)(de)(de)应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)矣(yi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)兼四之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)既(ji)(ji)向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兼皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)又向(xiang)(xiang)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)兼应(ying)(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),则(ze)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),何(he)得(de)(de)(de)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)倒在(zai)(zai)(zai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)?此(ci)(ci)为(wei)一明。又引“《檀弓》曰(yue)(yue):‘鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)庄(zhuang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),既(ji)(ji)葬(zang),而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)入(ru)(ru)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。’言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)除(chu)丧(sang)而(er)(er)(er)反,由外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)来,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)必(bi)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),时鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)有(you)庆父作乱,闵公(gong)遭庄(zhuang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),既(ji)(ji)葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)既(ji)(ji)虞变服,既(ji)(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)(er)反,则(ze)除(chu)丧(sang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。服吉而(er)(er)(er)入(ru)(ru),以服庆父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),应(ying)(ying)云(yun)(yun)“而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)入(ru)(ru)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”,何(he)得(de)(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)入(ru)(ru)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”?故(gu)(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)必(bi)矣(yi)。上以制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)兼四,推(tui)出(chu)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)(zai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),将为(wei)未大(da)(da)明;更(geng)以不(bu)入(ru)(ru)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)乃大(da)(da)明,故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)必(bi)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王五门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”,已下更(geng)欲破先(xian)郑外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)事。“雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)既(ji)(ji)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)设两(liang)观”,《公(gong)羊传》文(wen)。“与(yu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)同(tong)”,举汉以况周(zhou)矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“阍人(ren)几(ji)出(chu)入(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),穷民(min)盖不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)入(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)、中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)有(you)右肺石,达穷民(min),中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)既(ji)(ji)有(you)阍人(ren)几(ji),则(ze)何(he)得(de)(de)(de)度中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)入(ru)(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)乎?明外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)矣(yi)。又引《郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)》及(ji)《小宗伯》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)、雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)置外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?《郊(jiao)特牲(sheng)》讥绎于(yu)(yu)(yu)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),言(yan)(yan)远,谓(wei)讥其(qi)(qi)太远。云(yun)(yun)“当於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)庙(miao)(miao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)西,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)当於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“庙(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)间(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)庙(miao)(miao)。又引《小宗伯》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)社(she)庙(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)。既(ji)(ji)然(ran)(ran),中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)社(she)稷宗庙(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)左右,不(bu)得(de)(de)(de)置外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)可知。云(yun)(yun)“然(ran)(ran)则(ze)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)库(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),皋(gao)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)与(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无正文(wen),推(tui)量为(wei)义(yi),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“与(yu)”以疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。举汉法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),况义(yi)耳。云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)诸侯皆有(you)三(san)朝(chao),外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)一,内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)二(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即朝(chao)士所(suo)(suo)掌(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)士所(suo)(suo)掌(zhang)(zhang)正朝(chao),大(da)(da)仆(pu)所(suo)(suo)掌(zhang)(zhang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)寝朝(chao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸侯内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《玉(yu)藻》云(yun)(yun):“朝(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)。朝(chao),群臣辨色(se)始(shi)入(ru)(ru)。君日出(chu)而(er)(er)(er)视(shi)(shi)朝(chao),退路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)寝,使人(ren)视(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu),大(da)(da)夫(fu)退,然(ran)(ran)後(hou)小寝。”彼亦路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)二(er)。闵二(er)年,季友将生,卜人(ren)云(yun)(yun):“间(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)两(liang)社(she),为(wei)公(gong)室辅。”两(liang)社(she),周(zhou)社(she)、毫(hao)社(she)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)两(liang)社(she)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)、中(zhong)(zhong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),为(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)朝(chao)一,内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)朝(chao)二(er)。三(san)文(wen)疏已在(zai)(zai)(zai)《射人(ren)》。云(yun)(yun)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan)朝(chao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)仆(pu)》云(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)(zhang)燕(yan)朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服位”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
帅其属而以鞭呼趋且辟。(趋朝辟行人,执鞭以威之。
○趋,本又作趣,同七须(xu)反(fan),刘音(yin)清(qing)欲反(fan)。)
[疏]“帅其”至“且辟”
○释曰:“其(qi)属”者,案《序(xu)官》,朝(chao)士中士六(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren),府三人(ren),史六(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren),胥六(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren),徒六(liu)(liu)(liu)十人(ren)。云(yun)“帅其(qi)属”者,是徒六(liu)(liu)(liu)十人(ren)为之(zhi)。
禁慢朝、错立、族谈者。(慢朝,谓临朝不肃敬也。错立族谈,违其位亻尊语也。
○亻尊,徐子损反,刘才官反,李一(yi)音纂。)
[疏]注“慢朝”至“语也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):朝士所(suo)禁,则无间(jian)贵(gui)贱皆禁之。云“错(cuo)(cuo)立族(zu)谈”者,族(zu)聚(ju)也(ye)。云“违其位”,解错(cuo)(cuo)立。亻尊亦聚(ju)也(ye),聚(ju)语解族(zu)谈也(ye)。
凡得获货贿、人民、六畜者,委于朝,告于士,旬而举之,大者公之,小者庶民私之。(俘而取之曰获。委於朝十日,待来识之者。人民,谓刑人、奴隶逃亡者。《司隶职》曰:“帅其民而搏盗贼。”郑司农云:“若今时得遗物及放失六畜,持诣乡亭县廷。大者公之,大物没入公家也。小者私之,小物自畀也。”玄谓人民之小者,未龀七岁以下。
○俘(fu),音(yin)孚。搏(bo),音(yin)博,又(you)音(yin)付(fu)。失,音(yin)逸,又(you)如字。畀,必二反。龀,初谨反,又(you)敕谨反,刘(liu)测吝反,沈创(chuang)允反,毁齿也。)
[疏]注“俘而”至“以下”
○释曰:经云(yun)“告(gao)于士”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),得(de)(de)(de)物之人告(gao)朝士,乃委之於朝。云(yun)“俘而(er)取(qu)之曰获”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则得(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)所俘也。所俘即人民、六畜,其馀货(huo)财之等(deng)称得(de)(de)(de)。云(yun)“人民谓(wei)刑人奴隶(li)逃亡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)所犯大罪身死,男女(nv)幼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)没(mei)入县(xian)官为(wei)奴隶(li)而(er)逃亡者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也,即《司隶(li)职》所云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。云(yun)“玄谓(wei)人民之小者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),未(wei)龀(chen)(chen)七(qi)岁(sui)以下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《家语·本命(ming)》:“男子七(qi)岁(sui)而(er)龀(chen)(chen)齿(chi),女(nv)子八(ba)岁(sui)而(er)龀(chen)(chen)齿(chi)。”此言七(qi)岁(sui),据男子,若女(nv)子则八(ba)岁(sui),皆别人所生。诸处八(ba)岁(sui)是男,七(qi)岁(sui)是女(nv)。
凡士之治有期日,国中一旬,郊二旬,野三旬,都三月,邦国期。期内之治听,期外不听。(郑司农云:“谓在期内者听,期外者不听,若今时徒论决,满三月,不得乞鞫。”
○治,直吏反,下“之(zhi)治”、“以治”及《司民职》“王治”并注同(tong)。期,居其(qi)反。鞫,九六反,刘己目反。)
[疏]“凡士”至“不听”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“凡士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)治有(you)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日”者(zhe),即(ji)上文(wen)乡(xiang)士(shi)(shi)听讼于朝(chao)者(zhe),乡(xiang)士(shi)(shi)一旬,遂(sui)士(shi)(shi)二旬。期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日,即(ji)上乡(xiang)士(shi)(shi)遂(sui)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)等,狱(yu)讼成,来於(wu)外(wai)(wai)朝(chao)职听,远近节之(zhi),皆(jie)有(you)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日。云(yun)(yun)“国中(zhong)”者(zhe),谓(wei)狱(yu)在国中(zhong),据乡(xiang)士(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“郊二旬”者(zhe),谓(wei)狱(yu)在郊,据遂(sui)士(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“野(ye)三(san)旬”者(zhe),谓(wei)野(ye)之(zhi)县狱(yu)三(san)处皆(jie)是野(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“都三(san)月”者(zhe),谓(wei)方士(shi)(shi)掌都家。云(yun)(yun)“邦国期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”者(zhe),谓(wei)讶(ya)士(shi)(shi)虽(sui)不云(yun)(yun)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日,差之(zhi),邦国当讶(ya)士(shi)(shi)所掌。云(yun)(yun)“期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)内之(zhi)治听,期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)不听”者(zhe),所以省烦息讼也(ye)。
凡有责者,有判书以治,则听。(判,半分而合者。故书“判”为“辨”。郑司农云:“谓若今时辞讼,有券书者为治之。辨读为别,谓别券也。”玄谓古者出责之息,亦如其国服与。
○为治,于伪反(fan),下“为治”、“为民”同(tong)(tong)。别,彼列(lie)反(fan),下同(tong)(tong)。)
[疏]注“判半”至“服与”
○释曰(yue):云“判,半分而(er)合者”,即质剂(ji)傅别(bie),分支(zhi)合同,两家各得其(qi)一(yi)(yi)者也。云“玄(xuan)谓古者出责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)息(xi)(xi),亦(yi)如(ru)(ru)国(guo)服(fu)与”者,案《泉府》云:“凡民之(zhi)(zhi)贷者,以国(guo)服(fu)为之(zhi)(zhi)息(xi)(xi)。”彼谓贷官物之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。今此是私民,谓出责(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),无正(zheng)文,约与之(zhi)(zhi)同,故云“与”以疑之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)然,国(guo)服(fu)者,如(ru)(ru)地之(zhi)(zhi)出税(shui)。依(yi)《载师》近(jin)郊(jiao)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)等,若(ruo)近(jin)郊(jiao)民取责(ze),一(yi)(yi)岁十(shi)千(qian)出一(yi)(yi)千(qian),远郊(jiao)二十(shi)而(er)三者,二十(shi)千(qian)岁出三千(qian),已外(wai)可知之(zhi)(zhi)。国(guo)服(fu),依(yi)国(guo)民服(fu)事出税(shui)法(fa),故名(ming)国(guo)服(fu)也。
凡民同货财者,令以国法行之。犯令者,刑罚之。(郑司农云:“同货财者,谓合钱共贾者也。以国法行之,司市为节以遣之。”玄谓同货财者,富人畜积者,多时收敛之,乏时以国服之法出之,虽有腾跃,其赢不得过。此以利出者与取者,过此则罚之。若今时加贵取息坐臧。
○共,如字。贾音古(gu)。畜,敕六反(fan)。积,子(zi)赐反(fan)。又如字。出,尺遂反(fan),刘敕类反(fan),又如字。坐,才卧反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡民”至“罚之”
○释曰:云“同货财”者,谓财主出债与生利还主,期同有货财。今以国法,国法即国服,为之息利,故云“国法行之”。“犯令者”,违国法也。
○注“郑司”至“坐臧”
○释曰:先(xian)郑所(suo)解,无(wu)所(suo)依据,後郑不从。故云“虽有(you)腾(teng)跃,其(qi)赢(ying)(ying)”者(zhe),谓贩易得利(li)(li)(li)多少(shao)者(zhe),为腾(teng)跃其(qi)赢(ying)(ying),谓其(qi)赢(ying)(ying)利(li)(li)(li)腾(teng)踊一跃而(er)出(chu),故晋灼曰:“言(yan)市(shi)物(wu)(wu)贱,预买(mai)畜(chu)之,物(wu)(wu)贵而(er)出(chu)卖之,故使(shi)物(wu)(wu)腾(teng)跃。”是其(qi)事。“以利(li)(li)(li)出(chu)者(zhe)与取者(zhe)”,依常契获利(li)(li)(li),取者(zhe)又腾(teng)跃所(suo)赢(ying)(ying),二者(zhe)俱有(you)利(li)(li)(li)。物(wu)(wu)违(wei)国服,则(ze)为犯令,得刑。
凡属责者,以其地傅,而听其辞。(郑司农云:“谓讼地畔界者,田地町畔相比属,故谓之属责。以地傅而听其辞,以其比畔为证也。”玄谓属责,转责使人归之,而本主死亡,归受之数相抵冒者也。以其地之人相比近,能为证者来,乃受其辞为治之。
○属,如字,或音烛,注同(tong)。傅,音付,注同(tong)。町,徒顶反(fan),又他顶反(fan)。比,毗志(zhi)反(fan),下及下文“大比”同(tong)。抵,丁(ding)礼反(fan)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“治之”
○释(shi)曰(yue):先(xian)郑(zheng)见经有(you)地(di),即以为(wei)“讼地(di)畔界”解之(zhi),後郑(zheng)不(bu)从。以其(qi)经称“责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)”,地(di)畔界不(bu)得(de)名责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。其(qi)云“地(di)傅”者(zhe),先(xian)郑(zheng)皆以音附(fu)为(wei)傅近(jin)读之(zhi)。云“玄(xuan)谓属责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),转责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)使人(ren)(ren)归之(zhi)”者(zhe),谓有(you)人(ren)(ren)取(qu)他(ta)责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),乃别(bie)转与人(ren)(ren),使子本依契而还财(cai)主。财(cai)主死亡(wang)者(zhe),转责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)或死或亡(wang)也,受(shou)责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)见转责(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)者(zhe)死亡(wang),则(ze)诈(zha)言(yan)所受(shou)时少,是归受(shou)之(zhi)数(shu)相(xiang)抵冒也。云“则(ze)以其(qi)地(di)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)相(xiang)比(bi)近(jin),能(neng)(neng)为(wei)证者(zhe)来,乃受(shou)其(qi)辞为(wei)治之(zhi)”者(zhe),谓以其(qi)地(di)相(xiang)比(bi)近(jin),委其(qi)事实,故引以为(wei)证也。言(yan)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)证者(zhe),则(ze)有(you)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)证之(zhi)法。地(di)虽(sui)相(xiang)近(jin),有(you)不(bu)知者(zhe),则(ze)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)证,乃不(bu)受(shou)其(qi)辞而不(bu)治之(zhi)也。
凡盗贼军乡邑及家人,杀之无罪。(郑司农云:“谓盗贼群辈若军共攻盗乡邑及家人者,杀之无罪。若今时无故入人室宅庐舍,上人车船,牵引人欲犯法者,其时格杀之,无罪。
○上(shang),时(shi)掌反,下文“以上(shang)”并注同。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“无罪”
○释曰:盗(dao)贼并言(yan)者,盗(dao)谓盗(dao)取人(ren)(ren)物,贼谓杀人(ren)(ren)曰贼。乡据乡党之(zhi)中,邑据郭邑之(zhi)内。家人(ren)(ren)者,先郑举《汉贼律》云“牵引人(ren)(ren),欲(yu)犯法”,则言(yan)家人(ren)(ren)者欲(yu)为奸淫之(zhi)事,故(gu)攻之(zhi)。
凡报仇雠者,书於士,杀之无罪。(谓同国不相辟者,将报之必先言之於士。
○辟,音避。)
[疏]注“谓同”至“於士”
○释曰:凡仇人(ren),皆王(wang)法所当讨(tao),得有(you)报仇者,谓会赦後,使己离乡,其人(ren)反来还於(wu)乡里(li),欲报之(zhi)时,先书於(wu)士,士即朝(chao)士,然後杀之(zhi),无罪。
若邦凶荒、札丧、寇戎之故,则令邦国、都家、县鄙虑刑贬。(故书“虑”为“宪”,“贬”为“窆”。杜子春云:“窆当为禁。宪谓幡书以明之。玄谓虑,谋也。贬犹减也。谓当图谋缓刑,且减国用,为民困也。所贬视时为多少之法。
○窆,彼验反(fan)。)
[疏]“若邦”至“刑贬”
○释曰:凶荒,谓年不孰。札丧,谓疫病及死丧。寇戎,谓邻国交侵。邦国,据畿外。都家谓畿内三等采地,县鄙,谓六遂之内。不言六乡,举六遂,则六乡亦在其中。云“虑刑贬”者,谓国有此事,则朝士当谋虑缓刑,自贬损之,不得仍依常法也。
○注“故书”至“之法”
○释曰:子春以为宪与禁,後(hou)郑谓(wei)“所贬(bian)视(shi)时为多少(shao)之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)”。此经(jing)所有(you)之(zhi)事(shi)重,民益(yi)困则(ze)所贬(bian)多;所有(you)之(zhi)事(shi)轻(qing),民困不至甚,则(ze)所贬(bian)少(shao)。故云(yun)视(shi)时为多少(shao)之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)也。
司民掌登万民之数,自生齿以上皆书於版,辨其国中与其都鄙及其郊野,异其男女,岁登下其死生。(登,上也。男八月女七月而生齿。版,今户籍也。下犹去也。每岁更著生去死。
○去,起吕反,下同。著,丁略反。)
[疏]注“登上”至“去死”
○释曰:云(yun)“辨其国中(zhong)与其都鄙”者(zhe)(zhe),国中(zhong)据(ju)六(liu)乡(xiang)在(zai)城中(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),都鄙据(ju)三等采地。“及其郊野”者(zhe)(zhe),郊谓六(liu)乡(xiang)之民在(zai)四郊者(zhe)(zhe),野谓六(liu)遂及四等公邑,是(shi)遍畿内矣。云(yun)“男八月女七月而生齿”者(zhe)(zhe),《家语·本命》篇,疏已具於上。
及三年大比,以万民之数诏司寇。司寇及孟冬祀司民之日献其数于王,王拜受之,登于天府。内史、司会、冢宰贰之。以赞王治。(郑司农云:“文昌宫三能,属轩辕角,相与为体。近文昌为司命,次司中,次司禄,次司民。”玄谓司民,轩辕角也。天府,主祖庙之藏者。赞,佐也。三官以贰佐王治者,当以民多少黜陟主民之吏。
○能,吐才(cai)反。近,附近之近。)
[疏]“及三”至“王治”
○释曰:云“及孟冬祀司民之日”者,谓司寇於春官孟冬祭祀司民星之日,以与司寇为节,此日司寇献其民数于王。云“王拜受之,登于天府”者,重此民数,民为邦本故也。云“内史、司会、冢宰贰之”者,以其内史掌八柄,司会掌天下大计,冢宰贰王治事,皆掌大事,故皆写一通副贰民数藏之,所以赞助王之治也。
○注“郑司”至“之吏”
○释曰:先(xian)郑云(yun)“文昌(chang)宫三(san)能,属轩(xuan)辕角(jiao),相与为体。近(jin)文昌(chang)为司(si)命,次司(si)中(zhong)(zhong),次司(si)禄(lu),次司(si)民”。《武陵太守星(xing)传》,文昌(chang)第一曰上将(jiang),第二曰次将(jiang),第三(san)曰贵相,第四曰司(si)命,第五曰司(si)中(zhong)(zhong),第六曰司(si)禄(lu)。不(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)民。三(san)台六星(xing),两两相居(ju),起文昌(chang)东南,别在大徵,亦无司(si)民之事,故後郑不(bu)从。云(yun)“司(si)民,轩(xuan)辕角(jiao)也(ye)(ye)”者,案轩(xuan)辕星(xing)有(you)(you)(you)十(shi)七星(xing),如龙(long)形,有(you)(you)(you)两角(jiao),角(jiao)有(you)(you)(you)大民、小民,故依之也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“黜(chu)陟(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)民之吏”者,即六乡(xiang)六遂(sui)大夫、公邑大夫、采地之主(zhu)(zhu),皆(jie)是也(ye)(ye)。