●卷四
司刑掌五刑之法,以丽万民之罪。墨罪五百,劓罪五百,宫罪五百,刖罪五百,杀罪五百。(墨,黥也,先刻其面,以墨窒之。劓,截其鼻也。今东西夷或以墨劓为俗,古刑人亡逃者之世类与?宫者,丈夫则割其势,女子闭於宫中,若今官男女也。刖,断足也。周改膑作刖。杀,死刑也。《书传》曰:“决关梁、逾城郭而略盗者,其刑膑。男女不以义交者,其刑宫。谓易君命,革舆服制度,奸轨盗攘伤人者,其刑劓。非事而事之,出入不以道义,而诵不详之辞者,其刑墨。降畔、寇贼、劫略、夺攘、挢虔者,其刑死。”此二千五百罪之目略也,其刑书则亡。夏刑大辟二百,膑辟三百,宫辟五百,劓墨各千,周刖变焉,所谓刑罚世轻世重者也。郑司农云:“汉孝文帝十三年,除肉刑。”
○劓(yi),鱼器反(fan)(fan),李鱼介反(fan)(fan),又疑(yi)既(ji)反(fan)(fan)。刖,音(yin)(yin)月(yue),又五(wu)刮反(fan)(fan),李音(yin)(yin)五(wu)骨反(fan)(fan)。黥,其京(jing)反(fan)(fan)。窒(zhi),本又作(zuo)涅,同乃(nai)结反(fan)(fan),徐丁吉反(fan)(fan),又丁结反(fan)(fan)。与(yu),音(yin)(yin)馀。断,丁管反(fan)(fan)。膑(bin),频忍(ren)反(fan)(fan),徐方忍(ren)反(fan)(fan),刘符人反(fan)(fan)。攘(rang),如(ru)羊反(fan)(fan)。降,户江反(fan)(fan)。挢,居兆(zhao)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“墨黥”至“肉刑”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案(an)(an)(an)《尚书·吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》有(you)劓、刖(yue)(yue)、扌豕、黥,是(shi)苗民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虐刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),至夏(xia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黥,则(ze)黥与墨(mo)(mo)别。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“墨(mo)(mo)黥”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举本(ben)(ben)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)东西夷(yi)或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)墨(mo)(mo)劓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)俗(su),古刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)亡(wang)逃者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)类(lei)与”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),墨(mo)(mo)劓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)亡(wang)逃向(xiang)夷(yi),诈(zha)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)中国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)皆墨(mo)(mo)劓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)俗(su),夷(yi)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),相(xiang)袭不(bu)改(gai)(gai)(gai),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)墨(mo)(mo)劓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)俗(su)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言“与”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无正(zheng)文(wen),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意而(er)(er)言也(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)言与以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今(jin)官(guan)男女(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即宫(gong)人(ren)(ren)妇女(nv)及(ji)奄(yan)人(ren)(ren)获(huo)守内(nei)ト者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刖(yue)(yue),断足也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)改(gai)(gai)(gai)膑(bin)(bin)作(zuo)(zuo)刖(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),膑(bin)(bin),本(ben)(ben)亦(yi)苗民虐邢,咎繇改(gai)(gai)(gai)膑(bin)(bin)作(zuo)(zuo)腓,至周(zhou)(zhou)改(gai)(gai)(gai)腓作(zuo)(zuo)刖(yue)(yue)。《书传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)膑(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举本(ben)(ben)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“男女(nv)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义交者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宫(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义交,谓依(yi)六礼而(er)(er)婚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓易君命(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),触君命(ming)令不(bu)行及(ji)改(gai)(gai)(gai)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“革舆服制度”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),依(yi)《典命(ming)》,上(shang)公(gong)(gong)九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming),国家、宫(gong)室(shi)、车(che)旗、衣服、礼仪(yi)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)节(jie)。侯伯(bo)已(yi)下(xia)及(ji)卿大夫士,皆依(yi)命(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)。是(shi)不(bu)革,今(jin)乃(nai)革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。革,改(gai)(gai)(gai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓上(shang)僭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。制度,即宫(gong)室(shi)礼仪(yi)制度也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奸(jian)(jian)轨(gui)(gui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)(an)《舜典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“寇(kou)贼(zei)奸(jian)(jian)轨(gui)(gui)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“强聚(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寇(kou),杀(sha)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贼(zei),由内(nei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奸(jian)(jian),起外为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轨(gui)(gui)。”案(an)(an)(an)成(cheng)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),长鱼矫曰(yue):“臣闻乱在(zai)外为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奸(jian)(jian),在(zai)内(nei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轨(gui)(gui),御奸(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德,御轨(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与传(chuan)不(bu)同。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)欲见在(zai)外亦(yi)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轨(gui)(gui),在(zai)内(nei)亦(yi)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奸(jian)(jian),故(gu)反覆见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或後人(ren)(ren)转写误,当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“降畔、寇(kou)贼(zei)、劫掠、夺攘(rang)、挢(jiao)虔(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)死”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)(an)《吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“寇(kou)贼(zei)、奸(jian)(jian)轨(gui)(gui)、夺攘(rang)、挢(jiao)虔(qian)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)因而(er)(er)盗曰(yue)攘(rang)。挢(jiao)虔(qian),谓挠扰。《春秋传(chuan)》‘虔(qian)刘我边(bian)垂’,谓劫夺人(ren)(ren)物以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)挠扰也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)二千五百罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目略(lve)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)书已(yi)亡(wang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)《书传(chuan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)略(lve)言三五,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目略(lve)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏(xia)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),据(ju)《吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》而(er)(er)言。案(an)(an)(an)《吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》“刖(yue)(yue)辟五百,宫(gong)辟三百”,今(jin)此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“膑(bin)(bin)辟三百,宫(gong)辟五百”,此(ci)乃(nai)转写者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)误,当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)则(ze)变焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),夏(xia)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三千,墨(mo)(mo)劓俱(ju)千,至周(zhou)(zhou),减轻刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),入(ru)重(zhong)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),俱(ju)五百,是(shi)夏(xia)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轻,周(zhou)(zhou)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)重(zhong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罚世(shi)(shi)(shi)轻世(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《吕刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》文(wen),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所谓”。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“汉孝文(wen)帝(di)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian),除肉(rou)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)(an)《文(wen)帝(di)本(ben)(ben)纪》,十(shi)三年(nian)(nian),大仓令淳于公(gong)(gong)有(you)罪当刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),徙系(xi)长安(an),无男,有(you)五女(nv),小曰(yue)提萦,泣遂上(shang)书,上(shang)赦肉(rou)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。所赦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟赦墨(mo)(mo)、劓与刖(yue)(yue)三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)宫(gong)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至隋(sui)乃(nai)赦也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)(an)文(wen)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian),史克云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)制礼,曰(yue)“则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观德”,作(zuo)(zuo)《誓命(ming)》,曰(yue)“毁(hui)则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贼(zei),窃贿(hui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盗,在(zai)九(jiu)(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)忘”。言九(jiu)(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注《尧(yao)典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“正(zheng)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)五,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流宥、鞭、扑(pu)、赎刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓九(jiu)(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”贾、服以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi),加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)议。昭六年(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)有(you)乱政,而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)九(jiu)(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三辟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,皆在(zai)叔世(shi)(shi)(shi)。受(shou)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)所制法度,时不(bu)行耳,世(shi)(shi)(shi)末政衰(shuai),随时自(zi)造(zao)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)书,不(bu)合大中,故(gu)叔向(xiang)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。作(zuo)(zuo)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)书必重(zhong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)神其(qi)(qi)(qi)书耳。”若(ruo)然,九(jiu)(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)是(shi)叔世(shi)(shi)(shi)所作(zuo)(zuo),假言周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)实非周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
若司寇断(duan)狱弊讼,则以(yi)五(wu)刑(xing)之法诏(zhao)刑(xing)罚,而以(yi)辨罪(zui)之轻重。(诏(zhao)刑(xing)罚者,处其所应不,如(ru)今律家所署法矣(yi)。)
[疏]注“诏刑”至“法矣”
○释曰:司(si)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)主刑(xing)(xing)(xing)书(shu),若於外朝司(si)寇断狱之时(shi),司(si)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)则以五刑(xing)(xing)(xing)之法诏刑(xing)(xing)(xing)罚。刑(xing)(xing)(xing)罚并言者,刑(xing)(xing)(xing)疑则入罚故也(ye)。
司剌掌三剌、三宥、三赦之法,以赞司寇听狱讼。(剌,杀也。讯而有罪则杀之。宥,宽也。赦,舍也。
○剌,七(qi)赐(ci)反,下及注同(tong)。)
[疏]注“剌杀”至“舍也”
○释(shi)曰:此经与下(xia)为目。云“赞(zan)司寇听狱讼”者(zhe)(zhe),专欲难成,恐不获实,众(zhong)人共证(zheng),乃可(ke)得真,故谓赞(zan)之(zhi)也。云“讯而有(you)罪则杀(sha)之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),刑(xing)有(you)五,一者(zhe)(zhe)是杀(sha),馀皆(jie)讯之(zhi)。独(du)言杀(sha)者(zhe)(zhe),立官名(ming)剌(la),据重而言故也。
壹剌曰讯群臣,再剌曰讯群吏,三剌曰讯万民。(讯,言。)
[疏]“壹剌”至“万民”
○释曰:此三(san)剌之事所(suo)施,谓断狱弊讼之时,先群臣,次(ci)群吏,後(hou)万民,先尊後(hou)卑之义。
壹宥曰不识,再宥曰过失,三宥曰遗忘。(郑司农云:“不识,谓愚民无所识则宥之。过失,若今律过失杀人不坐死。”玄谓识,审也。不审,若今仇雠当报甲,见乙,诚以为甲而杀之者。过失,若举刃欲斫伐,而轶中人者。遗忘,若间帷薄,忘有在焉,而以兵矢投射之。
○忘,音妄,注同(tong)。坐(zuo),才卧反(fan),下同(tong)。轶,待(dai)结反(fan)。中,丁仲反(fan)。间,间厕之间。射,亦食反(fan)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“射之”
○释曰:先郑以(yi)为“不(bu)识(shi)谓(wei)愚民无所识(shi)则(ze)宥之(zhi)”,若(ruo)如此解,则(ze)当入三赦(she)愚之(zhi)中(zhong),何得入此三宥之(zhi)内,故後郑不(bu)从也(ye)。云“过(guo)失,若(ruo)今律过(guo)失杀(sha)人(ren)不(bu)坐死”者(zhe)(zhe),於义是(shi),故後郑增成之(zhi)。云“玄谓(wei)识(shi),审(shen)(shen)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)识(shi)即不(bu)审(shen)(shen)。云甲(jia)乙(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),兴(xing)喻之(zhi)义耳。假令兄甲(jia)是(shi)仇人(ren),见弟乙(yi),诚(cheng)以(yi)为是(shi)兄甲(jia),错杀(sha)之(zhi),是(shi)不(bu)审(shen)(shen)也(ye)。
壹赦曰幼弱,再赦曰老旄,三赦曰愚。(愚,生而痴童昏者。郑司农云:“幼弱、老旄,若今律令年未满八岁,八十以上,非手杀人,他皆不坐。”
○耄(mao),本又(you)(you)作旄,同亡报反(fan)。,敕江反(fan),又(you)(you)贞巷反(fan),刘痴用反(fan)。,五骇反(fan),李又(you)(you)五亥反(fan),又(you)(you)吐(tu)在反(fan)。上,时掌反(fan)。)
[疏]注“愚”至“不坐”
○释曰(yue):三(san)赦(she)与(yu)(yu)(yu)前三(san)宥(you)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)异者(zhe),上(shang)三(san)宥(you)不(bu)识、过(guo)失(shi)、遗忘,非(fei)(fei)是故(gu)心过(guo)误(wu),所(suo)作虽非(fei)(fei)故(gu)为,比三(san)赦(she)为重,据今(jin)(jin)仍使(shi)出(chu)赎。此三(san)赦(she)之等,比上(shang)为轻,全放(fang)无赎。先郑云“幼弱、老旄,若今(jin)(jin)时律令年(nian)(nian)未(wei)(wei)满八(ba)岁(sui),八(ba)十以(yi)(yi)上(shang),非(fei)(fei)手(shou)杀人,他(ta)皆不(bu)坐”者(zhe),案(an)《曲礼(li)》云:“八(ba)十九十曰(yue)耄,七年(nian)(nian)曰(yue)悼,悼与(yu)(yu)(yu)耄,虽有罪不(bu)加刑(xing)焉。”与(yu)(yu)(yu)此先郑义(yi)合。彼亦谓非(fei)(fei)手(shou)杀人,他(ta)皆不(bu)坐也。云“未(wei)(wei)满八(ba)岁(sui)”,则(ze)未(wei)(wei)龀,是七年(nian)(nian)者(zhe)。若八(ba)岁(sui)已龀,则(ze)不(bu)免也。
以此三法者求(qiu)民情,断民中(zhong),而施上服下服之罪,然(ran)後(hou)(hou)刑(xing)杀。(上服,杀与墨(mo)、劓。下服,宫、刖也。《司约(yue)职》曰:“其不(bu)信者,服墨(mo)刑(xing)。”凡行(xing)刑(xing),必先规(gui)识所刑(xing)之处,乃(nai)後(hou)(hou)行(xing)之。)
[疏]“以此”至“刑杀”
○释曰:云“以此三法者求民情,断民中”者,谓上三剌、三宥、三赦若不以此法,恐有滥入者,由用三法,故断民得中。云“施上服下服之罪然後刑杀”者,先规画可刑之处,乃行刑行杀也。
○注“上服”至“行之”
○释曰(yue):古者虽有要斩(zhan)(zhan)、领斩(zhan)(zhan),以领为正,故(gu)杀(sha)入上(shang)服也。必先(xian)规识(shi)所刑之(zhi)处(chu),乃後行之(zhi)。规识(shi)在(zai)体,若衣服在(zai)身(shen),故(gu)名规识(shi)为服也。
司约掌邦国及万民之约剂,治神之约为上,治民之约次之,治地之约次之,治功之约次之,治器之约次之,治挚之约次之。(此六约者,诸侯以下至於民,皆有焉。剂,谓券书也。治者,理其相抵冒上下之差也。神约,谓命祀、郊社、群望及所祖宗也。夔子不祀祝融,楚人伐之。民约,谓征税迁移,仇雠既和,若怀宗九姓在晋,殷民六族七族在鲁、卫皆是也。地约,谓经界所至,田莱之比也。功约,谓王功国功之属,赏爵所及也。器约,谓礼乐吉凶车服所得用也。挚约,谓玉帛禽鸟,相与往来也。
○约,於妙反,後及注皆同(tong)。夔,来龟反。比,毗志反,又必二反。)
[疏]注“此六”至“来也”
○释曰:知(zhi)“此六(liu)(liu)约(yue)(yue),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)於(wu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)”者(zhe)(zhe),经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌邦国及(ji)万(wan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)约(yue)(yue)剂”,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)为主(zhu),中亦有王(wang)(wang)(wang)事,但王(wang)(wang)(wang)至(zhi)尊,设(she)约(yue)(yue)不(bu)及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。“神约(yue)(yue),谓(wei)(wei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)祀、郊社(she)(she)、群望及(ji)所祖宗也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)祀,皆(jie)(jie)天子命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郊者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统》成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)鲁外祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)则郊社(she)(she)。常(chang)(chang)平诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),直命(ming)(ming)(ming)祀社(she)(she),故(gu)(gu)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天地(di),诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)社(she)(she)稷”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。群望,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三望,故(gu)(gu)《传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“三代命(ming)(ming)(ming)祀,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)越望”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖宗,诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)庙,下(xia)(xia)及(ji)士(shi)各有差,庶士(shi)庶人祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)寝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夔子不(bu)祀祝融,楚人伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),为其违约(yue)(yue)不(bu)祀,故(gu)(gu)伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi),事在僖二十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)约(yue)(yue),谓(wei)(wei)征税”者(zhe)(zhe),虽诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)输(shu)於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),万(wan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)征税是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)(chang),此税要由民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)出,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)约(yue)(yue)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“迁(qian)移(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),虽君亦有迁(qian)移(yi)法,若(ruo)郑迁(qian)於(wu)虢之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仇雠(chou)(chou)既和”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《调人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)和难,父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)雠(chou)(chou),辟之(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)外”之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)亦有和难之(zhi)(zhi)法,故(gu)(gu)曰“君之(zhi)(zhi)雠(chou)(chou)视父(fu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)怀宗九(jiu)(jiu)姓在晋,殷民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)六(liu)(liu)族(zu)七(qi)族(zu)在鲁、卫皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此止以(yi)(yi)迁(qian)移(yi)法,不(bu)似有仇雠(chou)(chou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定四(si)年,祝佗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“分(fen)鲁公以(yi)(yi)大(da)路”,又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)六(liu)(liu)族(zu)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),禄父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),三十(shi)族(zu)六(liu)(liu)姓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“条(tiao)氏(shi)(shi)、徐(xu)氏(shi)(shi)、萧氏(shi)(shi)、索(suo)氏(shi)(shi)、长勺(shao)(shao)氏(shi)(shi)、尾(wei)勺(shao)(shao)氏(shi)(shi)。”又(you)“分(fen)康叔(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)大(da)路”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“复如分(fen)周公,欲(yu)使(shi)康叔(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)七(qi)族(zu),陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)、施氏(shi)(shi)、繁氏(shi)(shi)、氏(shi)(shi)、樊氏(shi)(shi)、饥氏(shi)(shi)、终葵氏(shi)(shi)”,又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“分(fen)唐叔(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)大(da)路”,又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“怀姓九(jiu)(jiu)宗,职(zhi)官五(wu)(wu)(wu)正”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“五(wu)(wu)(wu)正,五(wu)(wu)(wu)官之(zhi)(zhi)长。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其迁(qian)移(yi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)此观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)迁(qian)移(yi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“功(gong)约(yue)(yue),谓(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)功(gong)国功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)功(gong)谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《司寇(kou)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野刑,上功(gong)纠力”及(ji)《司马》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“进贤兴功(gong)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“器(qi)约(yue)(yue),谓(wei)(wei)礼乐吉凶(xiong)车(che)服(fu)所得用也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)自天子以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)达庶人,皆(jie)(jie)有之(zhi)(zhi)。礼器(qi),笾豆俎簋之(zhi)(zhi)属。乐器(qi),钟鼓竽笙之(zhi)(zhi)属。吉服(fu),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)。吉车(che),巾车(che)。所云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天子至(zhi)庶人,役车(che)皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凶(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)车(che)服(fu),《杂(za)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“端(duan)衰丧车(che)无(wu)等(deng)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“挚约(yue)(yue)谓(wei)(wei)玉(yu)(yu)帛(bo)禽(qin)鸟相与往(wang)来也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)宗伯》“以(yi)(yi)玉(yu)(yu)作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)瑞(rui),公执桓圭”已下(xia)(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)玉(yu)(yu),又(you)“以(yi)(yi)禽(qin)作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)挚,孤(gu)挚皮帛(bo),卿(qing)羔,大(da)夫(fu)雁,士(shi)雉,工商鸡,庶人鹜(wu)”,皆(jie)(jie)执以(yi)(yi)相见,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)往(wang)来也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡大约剂,书於宗彝。小约剂,书於丹图。(大约剂,邦国约也。书於宗庙之六彝,欲神监焉。小约剂,万民约也。丹图,未闻。或有器簋之属,有图象者与?《春秋传》曰:“斐豹,隶也,著於丹书。”今俗语有铁券丹书,岂此旧典之遗言与?
○与,音(yin)馀。斐(fei),音(yin)非,徐方眉反(fan),刘方持反(fan),沈(shen)芳尾反(fan)。)
[疏]注“大约”至“遗言”
○释(shi)曰:知(zhi)大约剂是(shi)邦国(guo)者(zhe),上言“掌(zhang)邦国(guo)及万民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)约剂”,有(you)(you)此(ci)二(er)(er)者(zhe),故大小据而言之(zhi)(zhi)。六彝之(zhi)(zhi)名,若《司尊彝》云(yun)鸡、鸟、、黄、虎、隹之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),以画於宗庙彝尊,故知(zhi)使神监(jian)焉,使人畏敬,不敢违之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)“或有(you)(you)器簋(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)属,有(you)(you)图象者(zhe)与”者(zhe),此(ci)郑见(jian)时有(you)(you)人为(wei)此(ci)说者(zhe),故云(yun)“或有(you)(you)”。案:梓人造器有(you)(you)刻画祭器,博庶物也(ye),是(shi)图象事亦(yi)有(you)(you)似,故云(yun)“与”以疑之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“《春秋(qiu)传》曰‘斐豹,隶也(ye)’”者(zhe),襄公二(er)(er)十三年文。
若有讼者,则珥而辟藏,其不信者服墨刑。(郑司农云:“谓有争讼罪罚,刑书谬误不正者,为之开藏,取本刑书以正之。当开时,先祭之。”玄谓讼,讼约,若宋仲几、薛宰者也。辟藏,开府视约书。不信,不如约也。珥读曰┰,谓杀鸡取血衅其户。
○藏,才浪反,注下皆同(tong)。为(wei),于伪(wei)反。)
[疏]“若有”至“墨刑”
○释曰:讼,谓争约剂不决者。云“则珥而辟藏”者,谓以血涂户,乃开辟其户,以出本约剂之书勘之。
○注“郑司”至“其户”
○释曰(yue):司(si)约(yue)(yue)(yue)所掌,唯(wei)约(yue)(yue)(yue)剂之(zhi)书,先郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)争讼罪罚(fa)刑书,及(ji)以(yi)(yi)珥为(wei)(wei)祭(ji)。後郑(zheng)皆(jie)不从,而谓“讼约(yue)(yue)(yue)若(ruo)宋(song)仲几(ji)、薛宰(zai)”者,案定元年正月,晋魏舒合诸侯之(zhi)大夫于狄(di)泉,将城(cheng)成周。宋(song)仲几(ji)不受功,曰(yue):“滕、薛乡,吾役也。”薛宰(zai)曰(yue):“宋(song)为(wei)(wei)无道,绝我(wo)(wo)小国於(wu)周,以(yi)(yi)我(wo)(wo)楚(chu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)我(wo)(wo)常从宋(song)。晋文(wen)公为(wei)(wei)践土之(zhi)盟(meng)曰(yue)‘凡(fan)我(wo)(wo)同盟(meng),各复旧职(zhi)’。若(ruo)从践土,若(ruo)从宋(song),亦惟命(ming)。”宋(song)仲几(ji)曰(yue):“践土固然。”又士弥牟曰(yue):“子(zi)姑受功,归,吾视诸故(gu)(gu)(gu)府。”仲几(ji)曰(yue):“纵子(zi)忘之(zhi),山川鬼(gui)神其(qi)忘诸乎?”此是(shi)讼约(yue)(yue)(yue)法(fa),故(gu)(gu)(gu)引之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)证。云(yun)“杀(sha)鸡”者,以(yi)(yi)《杂记》云(yun)“割鸡,门(men)当门(men),其(qi)┰皆(jie)於(wu)屋下”,言┰,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知用鸡也。
若大乱,则六官辟藏,其不信者杀。(大乱,谓僭约,若吴、楚之君,晋文公请隧以葬者。六官辟藏,明罪大也。六官初受盟约之贰。
○隧,音遂。)
[疏]注“大乱”至“之贰”
○释曰:云“大乱,谓(wei)僭(jian)(jian)约(yue)”者,以(yi)其司(si)(si)约(yue)者主约(yue),故知僭(jian)(jian)约(yue)也。既言(yan)“大乱”,明(ming)是若(ruo)吴(wu)、楚(chu)之君僭(jian)(jian)称王(wang)也。又(you)如“晋(jin)文(wen)公请隧(sui)(sui)以(yi)葬(zang)(zang)”,亦(yi)是也。案僖二十五年,晋(jin)文(wen)公纳定襄王(wang),乃请隧(sui)(sui)以(yi)葬(zang)(zang)。隧(sui)(sui)者,请掘地通路(lu),上(shang)有(you)负(fu)土。诸侯已下,上(shang)无负(fu)土,谓(wei)之羡(xian)涂。天(tian)子有(you)负(fu)土,谓(wei)之隧(sui)(sui)。文(wen)公请之,欲行天(tian)子之礼(li),故对(dui)曰“未有(you)代德,而(er)有(you)二王(wang)”,不许之也。明(ming)罪大止谓(wei)僭(jian)(jian)者也。云“六(liu)官初(chu)受盟约(yue)之贰(er)”者,以(yi)《大司(si)(si)寇》云“凡邦(bang)之盟约(yue),太(tai)史、内史、司(si)(si)会及六(liu)官皆受其贰(er)而(er)藏之”者是也。
司盟掌盟载之法。(载,盟辞也。盟者书其辞於策,杀牲取血,坎其牲,加书於上而埋之,谓之载书。《春秋传》曰:“宋寺人惠墙伊戾坎用牲,加书,为世子痤与楚客盟。”
○痤,才戈反。)
[疏]“司盟”至“之法”
○释曰:盟时坎用牲,加书於牲上,以牲载书於上,谓之盟载也。
○注“载盟”至“客盟”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“载(zai)”者,正谓(wei)以牲载(zai)此(ci)(ci)盟(meng)书於(wu)(wu)上,故谓(wei)之载(zai)也。云(yun)(yun)“盟(meng)者书其辞(ci)於(wu)(wu)策”者,辞(ci),即盟(meng)辞(ci),若云(yun)(yun)“尔(er)无我诈,我无尔(er)虞”,“有违此(ci)(ci)盟(meng),无克(ke)祚国”。盟(meng)辞(ci)多矣,以此(ci)(ci)为(wei)本。云(yun)(yun)宋寺人之事(shi),案襄二十六(liu)年(nian)《传》曰(yue):“宋寺人惠(hui)墙伊戾(li)(li)为(wei)太(tai)子痤内师,无宠。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“惠(hui)墙,氏伊,戾(li)(li)名。”“秋,楚客聘於(wu)(wu)晋,过宋。太(tai)子知之,请野享(xiang)之,公使往,伊戾(li)(li)请从(cong)之。至(zhi)则坎,用牲,加书,徵(zhi)之,而聘告公曰(yue):‘大子将为(wei)乱,既(ji)与(yu)楚客盟(meng)矣。’”郑引此(ci)(ci)者,证坎用牲加书载(zai)之事(shi)也。
凡邦国有疑会(hui)同,则(ze)掌其(qi)盟约之(zhi)(zhi)载及其(qi)礼(li)仪,北面(mian)诏明神(shen)。既盟,则(ze)贰之(zhi)(zhi)。(有疑,不协也(ye)。明神(shen),神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)明察者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)日月山川也(ye)。《觐礼(li)》加(jia)方明于坛上,所(suo)以依(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。诏之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),读其(qi)载书以告之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。贰之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),写(xie)副当以授六官。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“贰之”
○释曰:时见曰会,殷见曰同,若有疑则盟之。
○注“有疑”至“六官”
○释曰(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“有(you)疑,不(bu)协也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)协之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,出於(wu)(wu)《春秋》。云(yun)(yun)“明(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)察者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《觐礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)加方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)(ming)于坛上(shang)(shang),所以(yi)依之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《觐礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),木(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四尺,设(she)六(liu)色”。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“设(she)六(liu)玉(yu),上(shang)(shang)圭,下(xia)(xia)璧,南方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)璋,西方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)琥(hu),北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)璜,东方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)圭”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“六(liu)色象(xiang)其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),六(liu)玉(yu)以(yi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)(shang)宜(yi)苍璧,下(xia)(xia)宜(yi)黄琮(cong),而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)以(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),非天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)贵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。设(she)玉(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),刻其(qi)(qi)木(mu)而(er)(er)(er)著之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子拜日(ri)(ri)(ri)於(wu)(wu)东门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,反祀(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)(ming)”。注(zhu)引《司盟职》曰(yue)(yue)“北(bei)面诏明(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”,言北(bei)面诏明(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),则(ze)明(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)有(you)象(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。象(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)(ming)乎?又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)“礼(li)日(ri)(ri)(ri)於(wu)(wu)南门(men)外,礼(li)月(yue)与四渎於(wu)(wu)北(bei)门(men)外,礼(li)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)丘陵(ling)於(wu)(wu)西门(men)外”。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)燔柴(chai),祭(ji)(ji)山(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)升(sheng),祭(ji)(ji)川(chuan)沈,祭(ji)(ji)地(di)瘗”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“升(sheng)沈,必就(jiu)祭(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。就(jiu)祭(ji)(ji),则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)王巡(xun)守及(ji)(ji)(ji)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。引《郊特牲》曰(yue)(yue)“郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),迎长日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),大报天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,《宗(zong)(zong)伯职》曰(yue)(yue)“以(yi)实柴(chai)祀(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)星(xing)辰”,则(ze)燔柴(chai)祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)谓(wei)祭(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。柴(chai)为祭(ji)(ji)日(ri)(ri)(ri),则(ze)祭(ji)(ji)地(di)瘗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di),灵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王制》曰(yue)(yue)“王巡(xun)守至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)岱(dai)宗(zong)(zong),柴(chai)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)王巡(xun)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟,其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春秋传》曰(yue)(yue)“晋(jin)文公(gong)为践(jian)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟”,而(er)(er)(er)《传》云(yun)(yun)“山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟,其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大阴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精,上(shang)(shang)为天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)使(shi),臣(chen)道(dao)莫贵焉,是(shi)(shi)(shi)王官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯会诸侯而(er)(er)(er)盟,其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)主(zhu)(zhu)月(yue)与?以(yi)此约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故知明(ming)(ming)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi),王会同四时各祀(si)其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),及(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)明(ming)(ming),则(ze)诸神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)皆(jie)及(ji)(ji)(ji),故有(you)六(liu)色、六(liu)玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位焉。其(qi)(qi)盟亦然。云(yun)(yun)“诏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),读其(qi)(qi)载书(shu)以(yi)告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)盟时以(yi)其(qi)(qi)载辞(ci)告焉。云(yun)(yun)“贰(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),写(xie)副当授六(liu)官(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大司寇职》“凡邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大盟约,莅其(qi)(qi)盟书(shu),而(er)(er)(er)登之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)府,大史、内史、司会及(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)官(guan),皆(jie)受其(qi)(qi)贰(er)而(er)(er)(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
盟万民之犯命者,诅其不信者亦如之。(盟诅者,欲相与共恶之也。犯命,犯君教令也。不信,违约者也。《春秋传》曰:“臧纥犯门斩关以出,乃盟臧氏。”又曰:“郑伯使卒出,行出犬鸡,以诅射颍考叔者。”
○诅,测虑(lv)反(fan)(fan)。共,如字。恶,鸟路反(fan)(fan)。纥,恨发反(fan)(fan),刘胡(hu)没反(fan)(fan),沈胡(hu)谒反(fan)(fan)。卒,子忽反(fan)(fan)。,音加。行(xing),户刚反(fan)(fan)。射,食(shi)亦反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“盟万”至“如之”
○释曰:凡言“盟”者,盟将来。“诅”者,诅往过。云“亦如之”者,亦如上文。
○注“盟诅”至“叔者”
○释曰:云“盟(meng)(meng)诅者(zhe),欲(yu)相与(yu)共恶(e)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),对神为(wei)验,是共恶(e)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云“犯(fan)命,犯(fan)君教(jiao)(jiao)令也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),以(yi)万民无馀事,故知犯(fan)命谓犯(fan)君教(jiao)(jiao)令也(ye)(ye)。云“《春秋传》曰”者(zhe),案(an)襄(xiang)二十(shi)三年,季(ji)(ji)武子无子,公(gong)(gong)弥长,而爱悼子,欲(yu)立之(zhi)。访於(wu)臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)纥(he),纥(he)为(wei)立悼子,纥(he)废公(gong)(gong)Θ。後孟(meng)(meng)庄子疾,丰点谓公(gong)(gong)Θ:“苟立羯(jie),请雠臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)。”及(ji)孟(meng)(meng)孙卒,季(ji)(ji)孙至(zhi),入哭而出(chu)(chu)(chu),曰:“秩焉(yan)在(zai)(zai)?”公(gong)(gong)Θ曰:“羯(jie)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)矣(yi)!”孟(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)闭门(men)(men)告於(wu)季(ji)(ji)孙曰:“臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)将为(wei)乱(luan),不使我葬。”季(ji)(ji)孙不信。臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)孙闻之(zhi),戒。除於(wu)东(dong)门(men)(men),甲从(cong)己而视之(zhi)。孟(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)又告季(ji)(ji)孙。季(ji)(ji)孙怒,命攻臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)。臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)纥(he)斩鹿门(men)(men)之(zhi)关以(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu),奔邾(zhu)。季(ji)(ji)孙盟(meng)(meng),是其事也(ye)(ye)。又曰“郑伯使卒出(chu)(chu)(chu),行出(chu)(chu)(chu)犬、鸡,以(yi)诅射(she)(she)颍(ying)(ying)(ying)考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)”,此(ci)隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)十(shi)一年,将伐许,子都(dou)与(yu)颍(ying)(ying)(ying)考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)争车。及(ji)许,颍(ying)(ying)(ying)考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)先(xian)登,子都(dou)自下(xia)射(she)(she)之(zhi),颠。师还,乃诅射(she)(she)颍(ying)(ying)(ying)考叔(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)。引之(zhi)者(zhe),证诅是往过(guo)之(zhi)事。若然,臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)纥(he)既(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu),乃盟(meng)(meng)臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)者(zhe),以(yi)臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)後盟(meng)(meng),後人(ren)以(yi)臧(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)氏(shi)(shi)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)首(shou),亦是盟(meng)(meng)将来也(ye)(ye)。
凡民之有约(yue)剂者,其贰(er)(er)在(zai)司盟。(贰(er)(er)之者,捡(jian)其自相违约(yue)。)
[疏]“凡民”至“司盟”
○释曰:此谓司约副(fu)写(xie)一通(tong),来入司盟,捡(jian)後相违约勘(kan)之。
有狱讼者,则使之盟诅。(不信则不敢听此盟诅,所以省狱讼。
○省,所景反。)
[疏]“有狱”至“盟诅”
○释曰(yue):此盟诅,谓(wei)将来(lai)讼者,先使之盟诅,盟诅不信,自然不敢狱讼,所以(yi)省事也。
凡盟诅,各以其地域之众庶共其牲而致焉。既盟,则为司盟共祈酒脯。(使其邑闾出牲而来盟,已又使出酒脯,司盟为之祈明神,使不信者必凶。
○为,于伪(wei)反,注同。)
[疏]“凡盟”至“酒脯”
○释曰(yue):盟(meng)(meng)(meng)处无常,但盟(meng)(meng)(meng)则遗其地(di)之(zhi)民出(chu)牲以盟(meng)(meng)(meng),并出(chu)酒脯以祈明神也(ye)。
职金掌(zhang)凡金、玉(yu)、锡、石、丹、青(qing)之戒令。(青(qing),空青(qing)也。)
[疏]“职金”至“戒令”
○释(shi)曰:此(ci)数种同出(chu)於山,故职金(jin)总主(zhu)其(qi)戒令。若(ruo)然(ran),地(di)官人已主(zhu),又职金(jin)主(zhu)之者(zhe),彼官主(zhu)其(qi)取,此(ci)官主(zhu)其(qi)藏,故二(er)官共主(zhu)之也。
受其入征者,辨其物之[A134]恶与其数量,曷而玺之,入其金锡于为兵器之府,入其玉石丹青于守藏之府。(为兵器者,攻金之工六也。守藏者,玉府、内府也。郑司农云:“受其入征者,谓主受采金玉锡石丹青者之租税也。曷而玺之者,曷书其数量以著其物也。玺者,印也。既曷书扌前其数量,又以印封之。今时之书有所表识,谓之曷橥。”
○曷,音(yin)(yin)竭。玺,音(yin)(yin)徙。守,刘音(yin)(yin)狩。著,直(zhi)略反(fan),沈(shen)张虑(lv)反(fan)。扌前,音(yin)(yin)笺。识,申(shen)志反(fan),又如字,又音(yin)(yin)志。)
[疏]“受其”至“之府”
○释曰:此一经,总陈受藏金玉之事。所送者,谓若荆杨贡金三品、雍州贡球琳琅之等,皆职金受而藏之,乃後分配诸府也。入兵器之府言“为”者,攻金之工须造作,故云为。守藏之府不造器物,故云“守”也。案《山海经》云:“有以金庭之山,多黄金。稷异之山,多白玉。扭杨之山,其阳多赤金,其阴多白金。吉山,其阳多玉。青乏之山,其阳多玉,其阴多青侯。基之山,多沙石、白金。”此类甚多,略言之矣。
○注“为兵”至“曷橥”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“为兵器(qi)者(zhe),攻金之(zhi)工六也(ye)”者(zhe),《考工记(ji)》文(wen)。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)“筑、冶、凫、栗(li)、段桃(tao)”,筑氏(shi)(shi)为削,冶氏(shi)(shi)为戈(ge)戟,凫氏(shi)(shi)为锺,栗(li)氏(shi)(shi)为量,段氏(shi)(shi)为,桃(tao)氏(shi)(shi)为剑也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“守藏(zang)(zang)者(zhe),玉(yu)(yu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)、内府(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)”者(zhe),案《玉(yu)(yu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)》云(yun)(yun):“掌(zhang)王之(zhi)金玉(yu)(yu)玩好兵器(qi),凡(fan)良货贿。”《内府(fu)(fu)(fu)》云(yun)(yun):“掌(zhang)受九(jiu)贡九(jiu)赋九(jiu)功之(zhi)货贿、良兵、良器(qi)。”故知守藏(zang)(zang)府(fu)(fu)(fu)是此二者(zhe)也(ye)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)“主受采金玉(yu)(yu)锡石(shi)丹青者(zhe)之(zhi)租税也(ye)”者(zhe),案山虞、泽虞等出税者(zhe),皆以(yi)(yi)当邦(bang)赋税之(zhi)处,不虚取也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“既曷书(shu)扌前其数量”者(zhe),曷,即今(jin)之(zhi)板(ban)书(shu)。扌前,即今(jin)录记(ji)文(wen)书(shu)。谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)版记(ji)录量数多少(shao)善恶,为後(hou)易分别故也(ye)。
入(ru)其要,(要凡(fan)数也。入(ru)之於大府。)
[疏]“入其要”
○释(shi)曰(yue):职金既知量数,录(lu)要簿入大(da)府(fu)。
掌受士之金罚、货罚,入于司兵。(给治兵及工直也。货,泉贝也。罚,罚赎也,《书》曰“金作赎刑”。
○赎(shu),常戍反(fan),下同,一音蜀。)
[疏]“掌受”至“司兵”
○释曰:云“掌受士之金罚”者,谓断狱讼者,有疑即使出赎。既言“金罚”,又曰“货罚”者,出罚之家,时或无金,即出货以当金直,故两言之。
○注“给治”至“赎刑”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“货,泉(quan)贝也”者(zhe),《汉(han)书·食货志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)莽(mang)时有(you)货布大(da)泉(quan)及货贝”,故知货中泉(quan)贝两(liang)有(you)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《书》曰”者(zhe),《舜典》文。《吕刑》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“墨(mo)罚疑赦,其(qi)罚百钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)。”《考(kao)工·冶氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“戈戟重三(san)(san)(san)锊。”夏侯(hou)、欧阳(yang)说(shuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“墨(mo)罚疑赦,其(qi)罚百率(lv),古以六两(liang)为(wei)率(lv)。”古《尚书》说(shuo),百钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan),钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)率(lv)也,一(yi)率(lv)十一(yi)铢(zhu)二十五分铢(zhu)之(zhi)十三(san)(san)(san)也,百钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)为(wei)三(san)(san)(san)斤。郑玄以为(wei)古之(zhi)率(lv)多作钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)。郑注《冶氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“许叔重《说(shuo)文解(jie)字》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):‘锊,钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)也。’今(jin)东莱称或以大(da)半(ban)两(liang)为(wei)钧(jun),十钧(jun)为(wei)钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan),钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)重六两(liang)大(da)半(ban)两(liang)。若然,钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)、锊一(yi)也。”言大(da)半(ban)两(liang),是(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)分两(liang)之(zhi)二。郑意以此(ci)为(wei)正,故不从诸家以六两(liang)为(wei)钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan)。且古者(zhe)言金(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)有(you)两(liang)义。若相对而言,则(ze)有(you)金(jin)(jin)银铜(tong)铁为(wei)异;若散而言之(zhi),总(zong)谓之(zhi)金(jin)(jin)。是(shi)(shi)以《考(kao)工记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六分其(qi)金(jin)(jin)而锡居一(yi)”之(zhi)等(deng),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)铜(tong)。是(shi)(shi)以《禹贡(gong)》扬州云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“贡(gong)金(jin)(jin)三(san)(san)(san)品(pin)”,孔以为(wei)金(jin)(jin)银铜(tong),郑以为(wei)铜(tong)三(san)(san)(san)色,是(shi)(shi)对散有(you)异。但古出金(jin)(jin)赎罪,皆(jie)据铜(tong)为(wei)金(jin)(jin)。若用黄金(jin)(jin)百钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan),乃至(zhi)大(da)辟(pi)千(qian)钅(jin)(jin)(jin)爰(yuan)(yuan),无(wu)济之(zhi)理。
旅于上帝,则共其金版,飨诸侯亦如之。(钅并金谓之版,此版所施未闻。
○版,音板。钅(jin)并(bing),必领反。)
[疏]注“钅并金”至“未闻”
○释曰:旅上帝,谓祭五(wu)天帝於(wu)四郊及(ji)(ji)明堂。飨(xiang)(xiang)诸(zhu)侯,谓若《大行人》上公(gong)三飨(xiang)(xiang)、侯伯再(zai)飨(xiang)(xiang)、子男一(yi)飨(xiang)(xiang)之等。此旅上帝及(ji)(ji)飨(xiang)(xiang),二者皆设(she)金版,郑(zheng)云“所施未(wei)闻也”。
凡国有大故而用金石,则掌其令。(主其取之令也。用金石者,作枪雷椎椁之属。
○枪,七羊反。雷,刘(liu)音(yin)诔,沈云当为,郎对反。椎,直(zhi)追反。椁(guo),宅耕反,本又作桴,刘(liu)云皆如(ru)字,刘(liu)亦(yi)误。)
[疏]“凡国”至“其令”
○释曰:用金石而云“大故”,止谓寇戎,为御捍之器有用金石者也。
○注“主其”至“之属”
○释曰:职(zhi)金主受金,则所出之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)故(gu)主其取金之(zhi)(zhi)令。云“金石者,作枪雷椎椁之(zhi)(zhi)属”者,皆谓守城御捍(han)之(zhi)(zhi)具。
司厉掌盗贼之任器、货贿,辨其物,皆有数量,贾而曷之,入于司兵。(郑司农云:“任器、货贿,谓盗贼所用伤人兵器及所盗财物也。入于司兵,若今时伤杀人所用兵器,盗贼赃,加责没入县官。”
○贾,音嫁。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“县官”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“入於(wu)司兵(bing)”者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)任器(qi)多是金(jin)刃(ren),所盗财货虽(sui)非金(jin)刃(ren),以其(qi)贼物(wu),亦入司兵(bing),给(ji)治兵(bing)刃(ren)之用,故并入司兵(bing)也(ye)。先郑云(yun)“若今时伤杀人所用兵(bing)器(qi),盗贼赃,加(jia)责没入县(xian)官”者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)加(jia)责者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)今时倍赃者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。
其奴,男子入于罪隶,女子入于。(郑司农云:“谓坐为盗贼而为奴者,输於罪隶、舂人、人之官也。由是观之,今之为奴婢,古之罪人也。故《书》曰‘予则奴戮汝’,《论语》曰‘箕子为之奴’,罪隶之奴也。故《春秋传》曰:‘裴豹,隶也,著於丹书,请焚丹书,我杀督戎。’耻为奴,欲焚其籍也。”玄谓奴从坐而没入县官者,男女同名。
○,古老反(fan)(fan)。坐,才(cai)卧反(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。女,音(yin)汝。)
[疏]“其奴”至“舂”
○释曰:云“男子入於罪隶”者,则《司隶职》中国之隶谓之罪隶百二十人者是也。云“女子入于舂”者,《地官》舂人、人是也。
○注“郑司”至“同名”
○释(shi)曰:先郑(zheng)引《尚(shang)书(shu)》“予则奴(nu)戮女”及《论语》“箕子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)奴(nu)”,皆与此经(jing)奴(nu)为(wei)(wei)一。若後郑(zheng)义。《尚(shang)书(shu)》奴(nu),奴(nu)为(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi),若《诗》“乐尔妻奴(nu)”,奴(nu)即子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。後郑(zheng)不破者(zhe),亦得为(wei)(wei)一义。云(yun)“《春秋传》”者(zhe),《左(zuo)氏传》襄公二(er)十三年(nian)云(yun):“初,裴豹,隶也,著於丹(dan)(dan)书(shu)。栾氏之(zhi)力臣曰督戎(rong),国人惧之(zhi)。斐豹谓(wei)宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi):‘苟焚丹(dan)(dan)书(shu),我杀督戎(rong)。’”引之(zhi)者(zhe),证隶为(wei)(wei)奴(nu)。云(yun)“玄谓(wei)奴(nu)男女从坐没入县(xian)官(guan)(guan)者(zhe)”,谓(wei)身遭(zao)大(da)罪,合死(si),男女没入县(xian)官(guan)(guan)。汉(han)时名官(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)县(xian)官(guan)(guan),非谓(wei)州(zhou)县(xian)也。
凡有爵者与七十者与未龀者,皆不为奴。(有爵,谓命士以上也。龀,毁齿也。男八岁女七岁而毁齿。
○上,时掌反。毁(hui),况伪反,下同。)
[疏]注“有爵”至“毁齿”
○释曰(yue):云“有(you)爵谓(wei)命(ming)士以(yi)上(shang)也”者(zhe),见《典命(ming)》公侯伯之士皆(jie)一命(ming),天(tian)子之士皆(jie)三命(ming),以(yi)下可知。云“男八岁、女七岁而毁齿”者(zhe),《家(jia)语(yu)·本命(ming)篇》之文也。《曲礼》云:“悼(dao)与耄,虽有(you)罪(zui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)刑(xing)焉。”是未龀不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)刑(xing),又不(bu)(bu)(bu)为奴。若七十(shi)者(zhe),虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)为奴,犹加(jia)其刑(xing)。至八十(shi)始(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)刑(xing),以(yi)其八十(shi)九十(shi)始(shi)名耄故(gu)也。
犬人掌犬牲。凡祭祀,共犬牲,用物。伏、瘗亦如之。(郑司农云:“,纯也。物,色也。伏谓伏犬,以王车轹之。瘗谓埋祭也。《尔雅》曰:‘祭地曰瘗埋。’”
○,音全,本亦作全。瘗,於例(li)反(fan),徐乌计(ji)反(fan)。轹(li),音历。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“瘗埋”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“,纯(chun)也(ye)(ye)”者,案(an)《尚书·微子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“牺牲(sheng)用(yong)(yong)”。注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“牺,纯(chun)毛(mao)。,体完(wan)具。”彼与牺相对(dui),是(shi)牺为纯(chun)毛(mao),为体完(wan)具,此无牺,故以兼纯(chun)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“伏谓伏犬,以王车轹之(zhi)”者,此谓王将祭(ji),而出国道之(zhi)祭(ji)时,即(ji)《大驭》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)者是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。但祭(ji)之(zhi)时,犬羊俱得,故《生民(min)》诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“取羝(di)以”,是(shi)以《聘礼》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其用(yong)(yong)牲(sheng),犬羊可(ke)也(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)其两(liang)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“瘗,谓埋祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)”者,谓祭(ji)地之(zhi)时,故引《尔雅》为证。若然(ran),经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“用(yong)(yong)物”,既(ji)纯(chun)毛(mao),则(ze)《牧(mu)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳祀用(yong)(yong)も牲(sheng),阴(yin)祀用(yong)(yong)黝牲(sheng)”之(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)。
凡几、珥、沈、辜,用ζ可也。(故书“ζ”作“龙”。郑司农云:“几读为。《尔雅》曰:‘祭山曰县,祭川曰浮沈。’《大宗伯职》曰:‘以埋沉祭山川林泽,以罢辜祭四方百物。’龙读为ζ,谓不纯色也。”玄谓几读为乞刂,珥当为┰。乞刂┰者,衅礼之事。
○ζ,亡江反(fan)。为,九(jiu)委反(fan),刘居绮反(fan)。县,音(yin)玄。罢,刘孚逼反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡几”至“可也”
○释曰:几珥言“凡”,则宗庙社稷坛庙新成者皆衅之,故云凡也。云“沈辜”者,谓沈牲於水。辜,谓磔牲体以祭。云“用ζ”者,ζ谓杂色牲,此则《牧人》云“毁事用ζ”是也。云“可也”者,用纯为正用ζ亦可也。
○注“故书”至“之事”
○释曰:先(xian)郑读“几”为(wei)(wei)“”,虽引《尔(er)雅》,後郑不从。引《大宗伯(bo)》证沈辜(gu),於义是也(ye)。云“玄谓几读为(wei)(wei)乞刂(dao)”,从《士师》为(wei)(wei)正。“珥读为(wei)(wei)┰”,从《杂(za)记》为(wei)(wei)正。云“衅礼之(zhi)事”者(zhe),据《杂(za)记》而(er)知(zhi)也(ye)。
凡相犬、牵犬者属焉,掌其政治。(相谓视择,知其善恶。
○相,息(xi)亮反,注同。治,直吏(li)反。)
[疏]“凡相”至“政治”
○释曰:犬(quan)(quan)有三种:一者田(tian)犬(quan)(quan),二者吠犬(quan)(quan),三者食犬(quan)(quan)。若(ruo)田(tian)犬(quan)(quan)、吠犬(quan)(quan),观其善恶,若(ruo)食犬(quan)(quan),观其肥瘦,故皆(jie)须相之。“牵犬(quan)(quan)”者,谓呈见(jian)之,故《少仪》云“犬(quan)(quan)则执(zhi)ナ”是(shi)也。
司圜掌收教罢民,凡害人者,弗使冠饰而加明刑焉,任之以事而收教之。能改者,上罪三年而舍,中罪二年而舍,下罪一年而舍。其不能改而出圜土者,杀。虽出,三年不齿。(弗使冠饰者,著墨,若古之象刑与?舍,释之也。郑司农云:“罢民,谓恶人不从化,为百姓所患苦,而未入五刑者也,故曰凡害人者。不使冠饰,任之以事,若今时罚作矣。”
○著,丁略反。,莫公反,刘莫贡(gong)反。与,音馀。)
[疏]“司圜”至“不齿”
○释曰:此罢民入圜土者,不坐嘉石。《朝士》坐嘉石者,不入圜土。云“收教”者,谓入圜土见收,使困苦改悔,是收教也。云“害人者”,谓抽拔兵剑,误以伤人者也。云“明刑”者,以版牍书其罪状与姓名,著於背,表示於人,是明刑也。
○注“弗使”至“作矣”
○释曰(yue):“著墨,若古之象(xiang)刑(xing)与”者(zhe),案(an)《孝经纬》云(yun):“三(san)(san)皇(huang)无文,五帝(di)画象(xiang),三(san)(san)王(wang)肉刑(xing)。”画象(xiang)者(zhe),上罪(zui)墨象(xiang)、赭衣杂屦,中罪(zui)赭衣、杂屦,下罪(zui)杂屦而已(yi)。画象(xiang)者(zhe),则《尚书》象(xiang)刑(xing)直墨象(xiang),略言之,其实亦有赭衣杂屦。无文,故(gu)云(yun)“与”以(yi)疑之也(ye)。
凡圜土之刑(xing)(xing)人也不亏(kui)体,其罚人也不亏(kui)财(cai)。(言(yan)其刑(xing)(xing)人,但加(jia)以(yi)明刑(xing)(xing)。罚人,但任之以(yi)事耳。郑司农云(yun):“以(yi)此知(zhi)其为民(min)所苦,而未入刑(xing)(xing)者也。故《大(da)司寇职(zhi)》曰(yue):‘凡万民(min)之有罪(zui)过而未丽(li)於(wu)法,而害於(wu)州里者,桎梏而坐诸嘉(jia)石,役诸司空(kong)。’又曰(yue):‘以(yi)嘉(jia)石平(ping)罢民(min)。’《国语》曰(yue):‘罢士(shi)无(wu)伍(wu),罢女无(wu)家。’言(yan)为恶无(wu)所容(rong)入也。”玄谓圜土所收教者,过失害人已丽(li)於(wu)法者#)
[疏]“凡圜”至“亏财”
○释曰:云“刑人不亏体”,对五刑亏体者也。“其罚人不亏财”,对五刑疑出金为罚,亏财者也。
○“注言”至“法者”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)(zheng)以坐嘉(jia)石共入圜土(tu),二者为一(yi),其义不通,故後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不从。按《司寇职》及《司救(jiu)职》,皆(jie)上论嘉(jia)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪民,下别云(yun)圜土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罚(fa)民,分明(ming)两(liang)事不同,故後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)“圜土(tu)所收教者,过失害人已丽於(wu)法者”,与嘉(jia)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罢民是邪恶过浅别也。
掌囚掌守盗贼,凡囚者。上罪梏{共手}而桎,中罪桎梏,下罪梏,王之同族{共手},有爵者桎,以待弊罪。(凡囚者,谓非盗贼自以他罪拘者也。郑司农云:“{共手}者,两手共一木也。桎梏者,两手各一木也。”玄谓在手曰梏,在足曰桎。中罪不{共手},手足各一木耳。下罪又去桎。王同族及命士水上,虽有上罪,或{共手}或桎而已。弊犹断也。
○梏(gu)(gu),古毒反(fan),张揖云(yun)“参著曰(yue)梏(gu)(gu),偏(pian)著曰(yue)桎(zhi)(zhi)”,《说文》云(yun)“梏(gu)(gu)手(shou)械也”,所(suo)以(yi)告天,“桎(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)械也”,所(suo)以(yi)质地。{共(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)},刘(liu)云(yun)“三家(jia)姜{共(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)}反(fan),一家(jia)居辱(ru)反(fan)”;《汉书音(yin)义》,韦昭(zhao)音(yin)拱,云(yun)“两(liang)手(shou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)一木(mu)曰(yue){共(gong)(gong)(gong)手(shou)},两(liang)手(shou)各一木(mu)曰(yue)梏(gu)(gu)”;李(li)奇音(yin)恐。桎(zhi)(zhi),之实反(fan)。上,时掌反(fan)。)
[疏]“掌囚”至“弊罪”
○释曰:此谓五刑罪人,古者五刑不入圜土,故使身居三木,掌囚守之。此一经所云五刑之人,三木之囚,轻重著之。极重者三木俱著,次者二,下者一。王之同族及有爵,纵重罪,亦著一而已,以其尊之故也。云“待弊罪”者,禁而待断之也。
○注“凡囚”至“断也”
○释曰:云“凡(fan)囚(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)非盗贼(zei)自以他罪拘者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其既言(yan)盗贼(zei),乃别云凡(fan)囚(qiu),明(ming)凡(fan)囚(qiu)中(zhong)无盗贼(zei)。盗贼(zei)重(zhong),故为罪人之首而言(yan)之也(ye)。先郑云“{共(gong)手}者(zhe)(zhe)两(liang)手共(gong)一木也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),於义是,以其{共(gong)手}字共(gong)下(xia)著(zhu)手,又(you)与梏(gu)共(gong)文(wen),故知(zhi)两(liang)手共(gong)一木,以桎与梏(gu)同在手则不(bu)可,故後(hou)郑不(bu)从。而谓(wei)“在手曰梏(gu),在足曰桎”,此无正文(wen),宜以先言(yan)梏(gu)後(hou)言(yan)桎,故知(zhi)义然。若(ruo)然,中(zhong)罪先言(yan)桎後(hou)言(yan)梏(gu)者(zhe)(zhe),便(bian)文(wen)不(bu)据(ju)先後(hou)也(ye)。
及刑杀,告刑于王,奉而朝,士加明梏,以而刑杀之。(告刑于王,告王以今日当行刑及所刑姓名也。其死罪则曰“某之罪在大辟”,其刑罪则曰“某之罪在小辟”。奉而朝者,重刑,为王欲有所赦,且当以付士。士,乡士也。乡士加明梏者,谓书其姓名及其罪於梏而著之也。囚时虽有无梏者,至於刑杀,皆设之,以就众也。庶姓无爵者,皆刑杀於。
○为,于(yu)伪反。著,丁略反,徐张虑反。)
[疏]“及刑”至“杀之”
○释曰:此经谓欲行刑之日。云“告刑於王,奉而朝”者,王意欲有所免故也。云“以”者,据庶姓又无爵者也。若有爵及王同姓,即於甸师也。
○注“告刑”至“於”
○释曰:经云“及刑(xing)(xing)杀,告刑(xing)(xing)于王”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓死罪(zui)(zui)(zui)、刑(xing)(xing)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)二种,郑知有(you)姓名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其言某之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),明(ming)当(dang)有(you)姓名也(ye)。云“其死罪(zui)(zui)(zui)”已下(xia),《文王世子》之(zhi)(zhi)文。云“且当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)付(fu)士。士,乡士也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡囚(qiu),乡士、遂士、县士、方士各自有(you)狱(yu)。推问之(zhi)(zhi)时,各於(wu)(wu)本(ben)(ben)狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)所,狱(yu)成上於(wu)(wu)王时,则(ze)(ze)使掌(zhang)(zhang)囚(qiu)掌(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)。及欲刑(xing)(xing)杀,掌(zhang)(zhang)囚(qiu)还付(fu)士。若(ruo)然,上皆云士师受(shou)中,协日刑(xing)(xing)杀,刑(xing)(xing)杀各於(wu)(wu)本(ben)(ben)狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)所。今此(ci)经云“以(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)文止谓六(liu)(liu)乡之(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu)在国中,推问在狱(yu),行刑(xing)(xing)杀则(ze)(ze)在。若(ruo)遂士以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),自在本(ben)(ben)狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)刑(xing)(xing)杀之(zhi)(zhi),故此(ci)云“士,乡士也(ye)”。若(ruo)遂士已下(xia),於(wu)(wu)此(ci)时掌(zhang)(zhang)囚(qiu)亦(yi)(yi)当(dang)付(fu)士也(ye)。云“囚(qiu)时虽有(you)无(wu)梏”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案上经,王之(zhi)(zhi)同族及有(you)爵,囚(qiu)时并无(wu)梏也(ye)。云“以(yi)(yi)(yi)就众(zhong)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《王制》云:“刑(xing)(xing)人於(wu)(wu),与(yu)众(zhong)弃之(zhi)(zhi)。”彼(bi)虽据异代法,此(ci)六(liu)(liu)乡之(zhi)(zhi)人,亦(yi)(yi)就众(zhong)在也(ye)。云“庶姓无(wu)爵者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆刑(xing)(xing)杀於(wu)(wu)”据下(xia)而知之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。此(ci)亦(yi)(yi)据六(liu)(liu)乡之(zhi)(zhi)人也(ye)。
凡有爵者(zhe)与王之(zhi)同族,奉而(er)甸师氏(shi),以待刑(xing)杀。(甸师氏(shi),亦由朝乃往也(ye)。待刑(xing)杀者(zhe),掌(zhang)戮将自来(lai)也(ye)。《文王世子(zi)》曰:“虽亲不以犯有司正术也(ye),所以体异(yi)姓也(ye)。刑(xing)于隐者(zhe),不与国人虑兄(xiong)弟也(ye)。”)
[疏]注“甸”至“弟也”
○释曰:云“甸(dian)师(shi)氏,亦(yi)由朝(chao)(chao)乃往(wang)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),上文(wen)(wen)庶(shu)姓(xing)等,文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,彼此二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)隔绝,恐不由朝(chao)(chao),故郑言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必(bi)知此二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)由朝(chao)(chao)乃往(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),《文(wen)(wen)王世子》君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲有(you)(you)罪(zui),虽(sui)然必(bi)赦(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云“待(dai)刑(xing)杀者(zhe)(zhe),掌戮将自来也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),凡行刑(xing)杀,协支善日,有(you)(you)罪(zui)者(zhe)(zhe)同(tong)而(er)行,故待(dai)掌戮。也(ye)引《文(wen)(wen)王世子》者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见虽(sui)亲有(you)(you)罪(zui),亦(yi)当刑(xing)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。彼注(zhu)体为连结(jie),若直(zhi)刑(xing)异(yi)姓(xing),不刑(xing)同(tong)姓(xing),异(yi)姓(xing)怨生(sheng),则(ze)有(you)(you)逃散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。同(tong)姓(xing)亦(yi)有(you)(you)刑(xing),则(ze)异(yi)姓(xing)归心,故云“体异(yi)姓(xing)也(ye)”。
掌戮掌斩杀贼谍而搏之。(斩以钺,若今要斩也。杀以刀刃,若今弃也。谍,谓奸寇反间者。贼与谍,罪大者斩之,小者杀之。搏当为“膊诸城上”之膊,字之误也。膊,谓去衣磔之。
○谍,音牒(die)。搏,注作膊,同,普(pu)博反,磔也。,音斧。要,一遥反。间,间厕之间。去(qu),起吕反。)
[疏]“掌戮”至“搏之”
○释曰:自此经以至“刑盗于”以下,皆据死罪而言。此经惟据“贼谍”二者而言。二者虽同大罪,仍择大重者斩之,稍轻者杀之,搏之则同也。
○注“斩以”至“磔之”
○释曰:知“斩以(yi)钺”者(zhe),钺是斩之(zhi)物。按(an)《鲁(lu)语》云:“温之(zhi)役(yi),晋人(ren)执卫成公(gong)。臧文仲言於僖公(gong)曰:“夫卫君始(shi)无罪矣,大刑(xing)(xing)(xing)有五,大刑(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)甲兵”,注云“诸侯(hou)逆命,征讨之(zhi)”;“其次用(yong)斧钺”,注云“谓犯斩罪者(zhe)”;“中(zhong)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)刀(dao)锯”,注云“用(yong)刀(dao)以(yi)劓之(zhi),锯以(yi)笮(ze)之(zhi)”,如是刀(dao)中(zhong)容弃;“其次用(yong)钻(zuan)笮(ze)”,注云“钻(zuan)额(e)湟墨。笮(ze),割势,谓宫刑(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)”;“薄(bo)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)鞭朴,以(yi)威民(min)。故大者(zhe)陈之(zhi)原野,小(xiao)者(zhe)致之(zhi)朝”。是用(yong)钺之(zhi)事。成二年,齐侯(hou)围(wei)龙(long),倾公(gong)之(zhi)嬖人(ren)卢蒲就魁门(men)焉,龙(long)人(ren)杀而(er)膊之(zhi)城上(shang)(shang),齐侯(hou)亲鼓之(zhi),遂灭龙(long),是膊诸城上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)事也(ye)。
凡杀其亲者(zhe),焚(fen)之(zhi)。杀王(wang)之(zhi)亲者(zhe),辜之(zhi)。(亲,缌服以(yi)内也。焚(fen),烧也。《易》曰(yue):“焚(fen)如(ru),死如(ru),弃如(ru)。”辜之(zhi)言枯也,谓磔之(zhi)。)
[疏]注“亲缌”至“磔之”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):亲(qin)(qin),谓(wei)五服。五服多,故云(yun)“凡杀其(qi)亲(qin)(qin)”。据(ju)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin),与(yu)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin),皆谓(wei)五服已内。知者(zhe),案僖二十五年(nian),卫侯毁灭邢(xing),《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue):“何以名绝?曷为(wei)绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?灭同(tong)姓也(ye)(ye)。”灭同(tong)姓尚绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),况杀缌(si)(si)麻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin)(qin),得不(bu)重乎?以此而言,故知亲(qin)(qin)谓(wei)缌(si)(si)已上(shang)也(ye)(ye)。《易》曰(yue)(yue)“焚(fen)(fen)如(ru)(ru),死(si)(si)如(ru)(ru),弃如(ru)(ru)”者(zhe),按《离(li)卦》九四“突(tu)如(ru)(ru)其(qi)来如(ru)(ru),焚(fen)(fen)如(ru)(ru),死(si)(si)如(ru)(ru),弃如(ru)(ru)”。注云(yun):“《震》为(wei)长子,爻(yao)失正(zheng),又互体《兑》,《兑》为(wei)附决(jue)”,“子居(ju)明法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家而无正(zheng),何以自断其(qi)君父,不(bu)志也(ye)(ye)。突(tu)如(ru)(ru),《震》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失正(zheng),不(bu)知其(qi)所如(ru)(ru),又为(wei)《巽》,《巽》为(wei)进退不(bu)知所从。不(bu)孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui),五刑(xing)莫大焉(yan),得用(yong)议贵(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟刑(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若如(ru)(ru)所犯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。焚(fen)(fen)如(ru)(ru),杀其(qi)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)。死(si)(si)如(ru)(ru),杀人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)也(ye)(ye)。弃如(ru)(ru),流宥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证焚(fen)(fen)如(ru)(ru)是杀其(qi)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)也(ye)(ye)。
凡杀人者,踣诸,肆之三日。刑盗于。(踣,僵尸也。肆犹申也,陈也。凡言刑盗,罪恶莫大焉。
○踣,皮比反(fan)。僵,居良(liang)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“踣僵”至“大焉”
○释曰:除上三(san)(san)者(zhe),之(zhi)外皆陈尸(shi)於,肆之(zhi)凡三(san)(san)日也。
凡罪(zui)之丽於(wu)法(fa)者(zhe),亦如之。唯王之同族与有爵(jue)者(zhe),杀之于甸师氏。(罪(zui)二千五(wu)百条,上(shang)附下附,刑五(wu)而已(yi)。於(wu)刑同科者(zhe),其(qi)刑杀之一(yi)也。)
[疏]“凡罪”至“师氏”
○释曰:正刑有五科,条二千五百。丽,附也。上附下附,是罪附于法,法即五刑是也。云“亦如之”者,合入死者,亦踣之。合入四刑者,虽不踣,亦刑之在,故总言亦如之。云“唯王之同族与有爵者,杀之于甸师氏”者,谓不踣。踣者,陈尸使人见之。既刑於隐处,故不踣之。
○注“罪二”至“一也”
○释曰:云(yun)“罪二千五(wu)百(bai)条”者(zhe)(zhe),《司刑(xing)》文。云(yun)“上附(fu)下(xia)附(fu),刑(xing)五(wu)而(er)已”者(zhe)(zhe),《礼记》云(yun)“丧(sang)多而(er)服(fu)五(wu),罪多而(er)刑(xing)五(wu),上附(fu)下(xia)附(fu)”是也。云(yun)“於(wu)刑(xing)同(tong)科者(zhe)(zhe),其杀(sha)刑(xing)之一也”者(zhe)(zhe),事虽异,各有五(wu)百(bai)同(tong)科,及其同(tong)刑(xing)同(tong)杀(sha)一也。
凡军(jun)旅田役(yi)斩杀刑戮,亦如之(zhi)。(戮谓膊(bo)焚辜肆。)
[疏]注“戮谓膊焚辜肆”
○释曰:此(ci)云“军旅田役斩(zhan)杀刑戮(lu)(lu)”,皆(jie)使(shi)掌戮(lu)(lu)为之。按《士(shi)师》“大(da)师,帅其属而禁(jin)逆(ni)军旅,犯禁(jin)者(zhe)而戮(lu)(lu)之”,《乡士(shi)》云“凡(fan)国有大(da)事(shi),则戮(lu)(lu)其犯命(ming)者(zhe)”,《遂(sui)士(shi)》亦云“凡(fan)郊有大(da)事(shi),刑戮(lu)(lu)其犯命(ming)”。彼并不(bu)使(shi)掌戮(lu)(lu)者(zhe),此(ci)等(deng)皆(jie)权时(shi)之事(shi),军旅之间,或有临时(shi)即决,不(bu)假掌戮(lu)(lu)者(zhe)也。是以《戎(rong)右职(zhi)》云“掌戎(rong)车之兵革使(shi)”,注云:“使(shi),谓(wei)王使(shi),以兵有所诛斩(zhan)也。”引(yin)战于ゾ,襄公缚秦囚,使(shi)莱驹(ju)以戈(ge)斩(zhan)之是也。
墨者使守门,(黥者无妨於禁御。
○御,音御。)
[疏]“墨者使守门”
○释曰:此人即(ji)《阍人》“掌守王中门之禁令”者是也。
劓者使守关,(截鼻亦无妨,以貌丑远之。
○远(yuan),于万反(fan)。)
[疏]“劓者使守关”
○释曰:此则王畿五百里上,面有三关,十(shi)二关门,劓者守(shou)之(zhi)。
宫(gong)者使守内,(以其人道绝也,今世或然。)
[疏]“宫者使守内”
○释曰(yue):此所守,则寺人之类,守正内五人之等是也。
刖者使守囿,(断足驱卫禽兽,无急行。
○囿,音又。断,丁管反。)
[疏]“刖者使守囿”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此则囿(you)游亦如之者(zhe),墨者(zhe)守(shou)门,刖者(zhe)於囿(you)中(zhong)驱禽(qin)兽者(zhe)也。
髡者使守积。(郑司农云:“髡当为完,谓但居作三年,不亏体者也。”玄谓此出五刑之中而髡者,必王之同族不宫者。宫之为翦其类,髡头而已。守积,积在隐者宜也。
○髡,苦门反(fan)。积(ji),子(zi)赐反(fan),注(zhu)同。)
[疏]“髡者使守积”
○释(shi)曰:先郑以(yi)髡为完,但(dan)居作(zuo)三年,不(bu)(bu)亏体,以(yi)此为圜土罢民解之(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)从者(zhe),掌戮所(suo)掌皆(jie)亏体,独以(yi)此为不(bu)(bu)亏体,於(wu)义不(bu)(bu)可,故(gu)後郑引《文王(wang)(wang)(wang)世子》解之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。“玄谓此出五刑之(zhi)(zhi)中而髡者(zhe),必王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)族(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)宫(gong)者(zhe)”,此郑亦(yi)无正文,若合(he)宫(gong)者(zhe)宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)。今按(an)《文王(wang)(wang)(wang)世子》据诸(zhu)侯法,云公族(zu)(zu)无宫(gong)刑,不(bu)(bu)翦其(qi)类。王(wang)(wang)(wang)家同(tong)族(zu)(zu)犯淫罪者(zhe),亦(yi)当与诸(zhu)侯同(tong),不(bu)(bu)宫(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),亦(yi)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)翦其(qi)类之(zhi)(zhi)色。按(an)王(wang)(wang)(wang)同(tong)族(zu)(zu)犯馀罪,刑於(wu)甸(dian)师氏(shi),刑於(wu)隐处(chu)。今同(tong)族(zu)(zu)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)宫(gong),亦(yi)当於(wu)隐处(chu)罪之(zhi)(zhi)。此守(shou)积亦(yi)是(shi)隐处(chu),故(gu)知髡者(zhe)使守(shou)积,是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)同(tong)族(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)言者(zhe)必矣。是(shi)以(yi)郑云“守(shou)积,积在(zai)隐者(zhe)宜也(ye)”。
司隶掌(zhang)五(wu)隶之(zhi)法,辨(bian)其物,而掌(zhang)其政令(ling)。(五(wu)隶,谓罪隶、四翟之(zhi)隶也。物,衣服、兵器之(zhi)属。)
[疏]注“五隶”至“之属”
○释(shi)曰:此与(yu)下为目。云“物(wu),衣服、兵(bing)器之属”者,即下文云:“使之皆服其邦之服,执其国之兵(bing)”是也。
帅其民而搏盗贼,役国中之辱事,为百官积任器,凡囚执人之事。(民,五隶之民也。郑司农云:“百官所当任特之器物,此官主为积聚之也。”玄谓任犹用也。
○搏,音(yin)博。为百(bai),于伪(wei)反,注及下注同。)
[疏]注“民五”至“用也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“五隶之(zhi)民也”者,上《序官》五隶皆百二(er)十员,员外(wai)皆是民,故云(yun)五隶之(zhi)民也。云(yun)“任犹用(yong)也”者,用(yong)器(qi),除兵之(zhi)外(wai),所有(you)家(jia)具之(zhi)器(qi)皆是用(yong)器(qi)也。
邦有祭祀、宾客、丧纪之事,则役其烦辱之事。(烦,犹剧也。《士丧礼》下篇曰:“隶人涅厕”。
○涅,乃结反。)
[疏]注“烦犹”至“涅厕”
○释(shi)曰(yue):引《士丧礼(li)》下篇者(zhe),《既夕礼(li)》文(wen)。云“涅厕”者(zhe),死者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)复用(yong),故窒涅示不(bu)(bu)用(yong),引之者(zhe),证(zheng)烦辱之事。不(bu)(bu)言祭(ji)祀宾(bin)客事者(zhe),以无文(wen),意义(yi)可(ke)知(zhi)也。
掌帅四翟之隶,使之皆服其邦之服,执其邦之兵,守王宫与野舍之厉禁。(野舍,王者所止舍也。厉,遮例也。
○遮,章奢(she)反(fan)。例,本(ben)又作列,同,音烈。)
[疏]“掌师”至“厉禁”
○释曰:云(yun)“服其邦之(zhi)服,执(zhi)其邦之(zhi)兵”者,若(ruo)东方(fang)南方(fang)衣布帛(bo),执(zhi)刀剑。西方(fang)北(bei)方(fang)衣毡裘,执(zhi)弓矢(shi)。云(yun)“守王宫与野(ye)舍”者,即(ji)《师(shi)氏(shi)职》云(yun)“帅四夷(yi)之(zhi)隶守王宫,野(ye)舍亦如之(zhi)”者是也。
罪隶掌役百官府与凡有守者,掌使令之小事。(役,给其小役。
○使(shi),如字,刘色(se)吏反。令,力(li)呈反,沈力(li)政(zheng)反。)
[疏]注“役给其小役”
○释曰:云“小役”者,止谓给其(qi)小小劳役之(zhi)(zhi)事,谓若大役非隶所共,故以(yi)小役解之(zhi)(zhi)。
凡封国若家,牛助,为牵。(郑司农云:“凡封国若家,谓建诸侯、立大夫家也。牛助为牵,此官主为送致之也。”玄谓牛助,国以牛助转徙也。罪隶牵之,在前曰牵,在旁曰。
○,步浪(lang)反,注同。转(zhuan),如字,刘张恋反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“曰”
○释曰:先郑不解牵(qian),故後(hou)郑增成之。“玄谓(wei)牛(niu)助(zhu),国(guo)以牛(niu)助(zhu)转徙也”者(zhe),国(guo)家(jia)以官(guan)牛(niu)助(zhu)诸侯及大夫家(jia)运物,往至任所。云“在(zai)前曰牵(qian)”者(zhe),谓(wei)车辕(yuan)内一牛(niu),前亦一牛(niu),今还遣二隶,前者(zhe)牵(qian)前牛(niu),者(zhe)御当车之牛(niu),故据人而言牵(qian)也。
其(qi)守王宫与(yu)其(qi)厉禁(jin)者(zhe),如蛮(man)隶(li)之事(shi)。
[疏]“其守”至“之事”
○释曰(yue):蛮隶之事,事在(zai)下(xia)文,故云“如蛮隶之事”。
蛮隶掌役校人(ren)养马。其在王(wang)宫者,执其国之(zhi)兵以守王(wang)宫。在野外,则(ze)守厉禁(jin)。
[疏]“蛮隶”至“厉禁”
○释曰:云“掌(zhang)役(yi)校人(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)校人(ren)所役(yi)使以(yi)养马。按《校人(ren)》,良马乘一师(shi)四圉(yu),不见(jian)隶(li)者(zhe)(zhe),盖是杂役(yi)之中。“执其国之兵(bing)”,蛮隶(li)、闽隶(li),俱(ju)是刀剑也。
闽隶掌役畜养鸟而阜蕃教扰之,掌子则取隶焉。(杜子春云:“子当为祀。”玄谓掌子者,王立世子,置臣使掌其家事,而以闽隶役之。
○蕃(fan),扶元反,下注同。)
[疏]“闽隶”至“隶焉”
○释曰:云“掌役畜养鸟”者,谓若畜鸟氏掌畜禽鸟。阜,盛也,蕃,息也。使之盛太滋息,又教扰使从人意。
○注“杜子”至“役之”
○释曰:子春以(yi)子为(wei)祀,後郑不(bu)(bu)从(cong)者,《司(si)隶(li)(li)职》祭祀、宾客(ke)、丧纪三者并言(yan)(yan),此何得(de)唯言(yan)(yan)其一,明(ming)存子解之,於义为(wei)允(yun)。“玄谓(wei)王立世子,置臣使(shi)掌其家(jia)事(shi)(shi)(shi)”者,言(yan)(yan)掌家(jia)事(shi)(shi)(shi)者,若国事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)使(shi)隶(li)(li),今取隶(li)(li),故以(yi)家(jia)事(shi)(shi)(shi)而言(yan)(yan)也。
夷隶掌(zhang)役牧(mu)人养牛马,与(yu)(yu)鸟言(yan)。(郑司农(nong)云(yun):“夷狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)人或晓鸟兽之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),故《春秋(qiu)传》曰:‘介葛卢闻(wen)牛鸣,曰:是生三(san)牺,皆用矣。’是以貉隶职(zhi)掌(zhang)与(yu)(yu)兽言(yan)。”)
[疏]“夷隶”至“鸟言”
○释曰:云“掌役牧人”者,为牧人之所役使,牧牛牲。
○注“郑司”至“兽言”
○释曰:经唯云(yun)“与(yu)鸟言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”,不言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“兽”,先郑意,解(jie)鸟言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者亦解(jie)兽言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也。案(an)僖二十九年,“介葛卢(lu)闻牛(niu)鸣,曰是生三牺,皆(jie)用之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)”。注云(yun):“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)八律(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)音,听(ting)禽兽之(zhi)(zhi)鸣,则知其嗜欲,生死(si)可知。伯益明(ming)(ming)是术,故(gu)尧舜(shun)使掌朕虞(yu)。至周(zhou)失其道,官又在四夷。”若周(zhou)末失道,官本不在四夷,无解(jie)鸟兽之(zhi)(zhi)语(yu)者,何周(zhou)公盛明(ming)(ming)制礼,使夷隶、貉隶与(yu)鸟兽之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)?然者,贾(jia)、服意误,不与(yu)礼合,故(gu)为此说。
其守王(wang)宫者与其守厉禁者,如蛮隶(li)之事。
貉隶掌役服不氏而养兽而教扰之,掌与兽言。(不言阜藩者,猛兽不可服,又不生乳於圈槛也。
○生,如字,刘色敬反(fan)。乳,而树反(fan)。圈,求阮(ruan)反(fan)。槛(jian),户(hu)览反(fan)。)
[疏]“貉隶”至“兽言”
○释(shi)曰:夷貉相近(jin),是以亦解(jie)兽言(yan)。若然,夷隶(li)既(ji)鸟(niao)兽之言(yan)具解(jie),而此貉隶(li)解(jie)兽言(yan)亦解(jie)鸟(niao)言(yan),互见之耳。
其(qi)(qi)守王宫者与其(qi)(qi)守厉禁者,如蛮隶之事。
◎秋官司寇下
布宪掌宪邦之刑禁。正月之吉,执旌节以宣布于四方,而宪邦之刑禁,以诘四方邦国及其都鄙,达于四海。(宪,表也,谓县之也。刑禁者,国之五禁,所以左右刑罚者。司寇正月布刑于天下,正岁又县其书于象魏。布宪於司寇布刑,则以旌节出宣令之。於司寇县书,则亦县之于门闾及都鄙邦国。刑者,王政所重,故屡丁宁焉。诘,谨也,使四方谨行之。《尔雅》曰:“九夷、八蛮、六戎、五狄,谓之四海。”
○诘,起(qi)吉反。县,音(yin)玄,下同。)
[疏]“布宪”至“四海”
○释曰:云“掌宪邦之刑禁”者,此文与“正月”以下为目。禁者,则士师之五禁,所以左右刑罚,故连刑言之也。云“正月之吉”者,此与《大司寇》正月之吉事同。大司寇布刑之时,此布宪亦布之於四方也。於司寇正岁县之时,此布宪亦宪邦之刑禁,以诘四方邦国,以达于四海也。布宪为司寇属官,於刑禁为重故每事共丁宁之也。
○注“宪表”至“四海”
○释曰:云“国之五禁,所(suo)以(yi)左右刑罚”者(zhe),《士师职》文。知布宪所(suo)县在(zai)门(men)(men)闾(lv)者(zhe),以(yi)其司寇所(suo)县在(zai)雉(zhi)门(men)(men),不(bu)可共处。此经(jing)(jing)云“执旌(jing)节”,以(yi)为(wei)行道(dao)之使,明在(zai)巷门(men)(men)之闾(lv)可知。云门(men)(men)闾(lv),据在(zai)城(cheng)内,经(jing)(jing)虽(sui)不(bu)云城(cheng)内门(men)(men)闾(lv),举外以(yi)见内,有门(men)(men)闾(lv)可知。经(jing)(jing)先(xian)(xian)邦国後(hou)都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi),注先(xian)(xian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)後(hou)邦国者(zhe),以(yi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)据畿内三等采地,经(jing)(jing)後(hou)言之者(zhe),尊邦国轻都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)。注先(xian)(xian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi)者(zhe),既见门(men)(men)闾(lv),即先(xian)(xian)近後(hou)远,乃及四海,故(gu)注先(xian)(xian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)鄙(bi),见从近及远之义也。引《尔雅》者(zhe),见刑禁远至夷狄(di),名此夷狄(di)为(wei)四海者(zhe),海之言晦,晦漫礼仪也。
凡(fan)邦之大事(shi)合(he)众(zhong)庶,则以刑禁(jin)号令。
[疏]“凡邦”至“归令”
○释曰:云“邦之大事合(he)众庶”者,谓征(zheng)伐、巡守、田(tian)猎(lie),皆是大事合(he)众庶也。以其是布禁之官,故於聚众,每皆以刑禁号令也。
禁(jin)杀戮掌司(si)斩杀戮者(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)伤(shang)人(ren)见(jian)血而不以告者(zhe)(zhe),攘(rang)狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),遏(e)讼(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe),以告而诛之(zhi)(zhi)。(司(si)犹(you)察(cha)也。察(cha)此四者(zhe)(zhe),告於司(si)寇罪之(zhi)(zhi)也。斩杀戮,谓吏民(min)相(xiang)斩相(xiang)杀相(xiang)戮者(zhe)(zhe)。伤(shang)人(ren)见(jian)血,见(jian)血乃为伤(shang)人(ren)耳。郑司(si)农云:“攘(rang)狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),距当狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)也。遏(e)讼(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe),遏(e)止欲讼(song)(song)者(zhe)(zhe)也。”玄谓攘(rang)犹(you)却也,却狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe),言不受也。)
[疏]注“司犹”至“受也”
○释曰:云(yun)“司犹(you)察也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此禁杀戮(lu)之官(guan)(guan),恒(heng)在(zai)民(min)(min)间,私觇恶事(shi),而(er)(er)(er)告(gao)於上,执而(er)(er)(er)与(yu)(yu)之罪也(ye)(ye),故以(yi)(yi)司为察也(ye)(ye)。知斩杀戮(lu)是(shi)(shi)“吏民(min)(min)相斩、相杀、相戮(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,以(yi)(yi)伤(shang)民(min)(min)云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)告(gao)”,则相杀戮(lu)之等,尽是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)告(gao),明(ming)是(shi)(shi)吏民(min)(min)自(zi)相杀戮(lu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“伤(shang)人见血(xue)(xue),见血(xue)(xue)乃(nai)为伤(shang)人耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),恐经伤(shang)人与(yu)(yu)见血(xue)(xue)事(shi)别,伤(shang)人见血(xue)(xue)连(lian)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)见血(xue)(xue)乃(nai)为伤(shang)人,若不(bu)(bu)见血(xue)(xue),不(bu)(bu)为伤(shang)人也(ye)(ye)。若然(ran),趺折(zhe)支之等不(bu)(bu)见血(xue)(xue),岂得不(bu)(bu)为伤(shang)人乎?然(ran)今言(yan)见血(xue)(xue)乃(nai)为伤(shang)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),止为蹉跌及(ji)刃(ren)物丽历应见血(xue)(xue)之等,不(bu)(bu)为馀(yu)事(shi)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)。先郑云(yun)“攘狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),距(ju)当狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”,後郑不(bu)(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此经皆(jie)谓未在(zai)官(guan)(guan)司,而(er)(er)(er)先郑云(yun)距(ju)狱(yu),据在(zai)官(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan),故不(bu)(bu)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“遏讼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),遏止欲讼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有人见欺犯,欲向官(guan)(guan)所讼之,而(er)(er)(er)遏止不(bu)(bu)使(shi)去也(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓攘犹(you)却也(ye)(ye),却狱(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)受也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓人有罪过,官(guan)(guan)有文书追摄,不(bu)(bu)肯受者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。
禁暴氏掌禁庶民之乱暴力正者,挢诬犯禁者,作言语而不信者,以告而诛之。(民之好为侵陵、称诈、谩诞,此三者亦刑所禁也,力正,以力强得正也。
○挢,居表反(fan)。好为,呼(hu)报反(fan),下(xia)(xia)文“则为”、下(xia)(xia)注“皆(jie)为”同。谩(man)诞(dan),武谏反(fan),一音亡半(ban)反(fan),又(you)免仙反(fan),徐望山反(fan),本或作慢,诞(dan)音但。)
[疏]注“民之”至“正也”
○释(shi)(shi)曰:云“民之好(hao)为(wei)(wei)”者(zhe),此言(yan)为(wei)(wei)下三事而(er)发,皆是(shi)好(hao)为(wei)(wei)。“侵陵(ling)”,释(shi)(shi)经(jing)“乱(luan)暴力正者(zhe)”也(ye)。“称诈(zha)”,释(shi)(shi)经(jing)“挢诬(wu)犯禁者(zhe)”也(ye)。“谩(man)(man)诞”,释(shi)(shi)经(jing)“作言(yan)语而(er)不信者(zhe)”也(ye)。谩(man)(man)诞,谓(wei)浮谩(man)(man)虚诞也(ye)。
凡国聚(ju)众庶(shu),则戮(lu)其犯禁者以(yi)徇。凡奚(xi)隶聚(ju)而出(chu)入(ru)者,则司牧(mu)之,戮(lu)其犯禁者。(奚(xi)隶,女奴(nu)男奴(nu)也。其聚(ju)出(chu)入(ru),有所(suo)使。)
[疏]“凡国”至“禁者”
○释曰:云“聚众庶”者,谓征伐之等。云“凡奚隶聚而出入”者,谓国有烦辱之处,使奚隶,则有此出入而司牧之。
○注“奚隶”至“所使”
○释(shi)曰:按《司厉》“其奴(nu),男子(zi)入(ru)于罪(zui)隶(li)(li),女子(zi)入(ru)于舂”,是男子(zi)同坐为(wei)奴(nu)。天(tian)官酒人(ren)、浆人(ren)之等,皆名女奴(nu)为(wei)奚,五隶(li)(li)又是男奴(nu),故云(yun)“奚隶(li)(li),女奴(nu)、男奴(nu)”。
野庐氏掌达国道路,至于四畿。(达,谓巡行通之,使不陷绝也。去王城五百里曰畿。
○行,下孟反。)
[疏]注“达谓”至“曰畿”
○释(shi)曰:云“巡(xun)(xun)行”者,国之(zhi)(zhi)道路,使其地之(zhi)(zhi)人治之(zhi)(zhi),野庐氏直巡(xun)(xun)行不通之(zhi)(zhi)处,使人治之(zhi)(zhi),使无陷绝也。
比国郊及野之(zhi)道路、宿息、井树。(比犹校也(ye)。宿息,庐之(zhi)属,宾(bin)客(ke)所宿及昼止者也(ye)。并共饮食,树为蕃蔽。)
[疏]注“比犹”至“蕃蔽”
○释曰:此经所云王为宾客在道,须得供丞守卫之事。“国(guo)郊(jiao)”,谓近郊(jiao)、远郊(jiao)。“野”,谓百里(li)(li)(li)外至畿(ji)。“宿”,谓十里(li)(li)(li)有庐(lu),三十里(li)(li)(li)有宿,五十里(li)(li)(li)有。直言(yan)宿者(zhe),举中言(yan)之,故云“庐(lu)之属(shu)”以苞之。息,宾客昼(zhou)止之处。“井树”者(zhe),宾客所须者(zhe)也。
若有宾客,则令守涂地之人聚柝之,有相翔者诛之。(守涂地之人,道所出庐宿旁民也。相翔,犹昌翔观伺者也。郑司农云:“聚柝之,聚击柝以宿卫之也。有奸人相翔於宾客之侧,则诛之,不得令寇盗宾客。”
○柝,音托。令,力呈反(fan),下(xia)欲令同。)
[疏]注“守涂”至“宾客”
○释曰:“守涂地(di)之(zhi)人,道(dao)所出(chu)庐宿(su)(su)旁民也”者(zhe)(zhe),道(dao)路之(zhi)旁皆有民,当处有宾客止宿(su)(su),即使(shi)聚柝(tuo)之(zhi),不(bu)使(shi)失脱也。云(yun)“相翔(xiang),犹昌翔(xiang)观伺(si)者(zhe)(zhe)也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓昌狂(kuang)翱(ao)翔(xiang),观伺(si)宾客。先郑云(yun)“聚柝(tuo)之(zhi),聚击(ji)(ji)柝(tuo)以宿(su)(su)卫(wei)之(zhi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),谓其地(di)之(zhi)人自聚击(ji)(ji)柝(tuo),无行(xing)夜,故使(shi)宿(su)(su)卫(wei)自击(ji)(ji)。宫(gong)正之(zhi)等,使(shi)行(xing)夜者(zhe)(zhe)击(ji)(ji)柝(tuo),校(xiao)比(bi)直(zhi)宿(su)(su)者(zhe)(zhe),彼夜行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)与此(ci)异也。
凡道路之舟车{车}互者,叙而行之。(舟车{车}互,谓於迫隘处也。车有に辕、坻阁,舟有砥柱之属。其过之者,使以次叙之。
○{车(che)},音计,沈古的反。隘(ai),鸟(niao)卖反。环,户关反,本亦(yi)作に,同。坻,徐之尔(er)反,刘都礼(li)反。砥,音旨。)
[疏]注“舟车”至“叙之”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“{车}互(hu)(hu)”者,谓水(shui)陆之道(dao)(dao),舟车往来狭隘之所,更互(hu)(hu)相(xiang)击(ji),故云(yun){车}互(hu)(hu)者。云(yun)“车有に辕、坻阁(ge)(ge)”者,案襄二十(shi)一年,晋栾(luan)盈有罪,楚(chu),过於周,周西鄙掠之,告於周,使候出诸に辕,是に辕也。“坻阁(ge)(ge)”,道(dao)(dao)路之名(ming)也。云(yun)“舟有砥柱(zhu)之属(shu)”者,按《禹贡》:“导河(he)积石,至于龙门,南至于华阴,东(dong)至於柱(zhu)。”孔安(an)国云(yun):“柱(zhu),山名(ming)。河(he)水(shui)分流,包山而过,山见水(shui)中,若柱(zhu)然,在西虢之界。”是柱(zhu)为水(shui)之溢道(dao)(dao)者也。
凡有节者(zhe)及有爵者(zhe)至,则为(wei)之(zhi)辟。(辟,辟行人(ren),亦使守涂(tu)地者(zhe)。)
[疏]“凡有”至“之辟”
○释曰:云“凡(fan)有节(jie)(jie)”者(zhe),谓若诸侯之(zhi)使(shi),则有山(shan)国(guo)用虎节(jie)(jie)之(zhi)等。若民自往(wang)来,则有道路用旌节(jie)(jie)之(zhi)等。及(ji)有爵已(yi)上,皆为之(zhi)辟(pi)止行人,使(shi)无侵犯者(zhe)也(ye)。
禁野之横行径逾者。(皆为防奸也。横行,妄由田中。径逾,射邪疾,越堤渠也。
○射,食亦反(fan)。邪,似差反(fan)。堤,丁兮反(fan)。)
[疏]注“皆为”至“渠也”
○释(shi)曰:言“横行”者,不要东(dong)西(xi)为(wei)横,南北为(wei)纵(zong),但是不依道涂(tu),妄(wang)由田郑皆是横也。径,谓不遵道而射邪疾。逾,越也,谓越堤渠(qu)者也。
凡(fan)国之(zhi)大事,比除道(dao)路(lu)者。(比校治道(dao)者名,若今次金(jin)叙(xu)大功。)
[疏]注“比校”至“大功”
○释曰:“大(da)事”,谓若征伐(fa)、巡守、田猎、郊(jiao)祀天地,王(wang)亲(qin)行所经,并须(xu)修(xiu)除道(dao)路及庐(lu),校比民夫(fu),使有功效。故云“比校治道(dao)者名(ming)”也(ye)。云“若今次叫鹂大(da)功”者,谓汉时主役(yi)之官,官名(ming)次金叙,主以丈尺(chi)赋(fu)功,今俗本多误为“次叙大(da)功”也(ye)。
掌凡道禁。(禁,谓若今绝蒙布巾、持兵杖之属。
○杖(zhang),直亮反。)
[疏]注“禁谓”至“之属”
○释曰:古时禁书亡,故举汉(han)法而言也。
邦之大师,则令埽道路,且以几禁行作不时者、不物者。(不时,谓不夙则莫者也。不物,谓衣服操持非此常人也。几禁之者,备奸人内贼及反间。
○莫(mo),音暮。操(cao),七曹反(fan)。间(jian),间(jian)厕之(zhi)间(jian)。)
[疏]注“不时”至“反间”
○释曰:不言“大(da)事(shi)”而云“大(da)师”,惟(wei)谓征(zheng)伐者(zhe)也。云“几禁(jin)之(zhi)者(zhe),备奸人内贼(zei)及反间(jian)”者(zhe),内贼(zei),谓贼(zei)在内起。反间(jian),谓外贼(zei)密(mi)来觇探(tan),间(jian)候国家,反彼论说(shuo)。按《孙子兵(bing)法》云:“三军之(zhi)事(shi),莫密(mi)於反间(jian)”是也。
蜡氏掌除<骨此>。(《曲礼》四“足死者曰渍”。故书“<骨此>”作“脊”。郑司农云:脊读为渍,谓死人骨也。《月令》曰“掩骼埋<骨此>”,骨之尚有肉者也。及禽兽之骨皆是。
○蜡,清预反。<骨此>,似赐(ci)反,注“责”、“<骨此>”皆同(tong),责又作渍。脊,子(zi)亦(yi)反,李(li)慈(ci)益反。骼,古(gu)百反。)
[疏]注“曲礼”至“皆是”。
○释曰(yue)(yue):《曲礼(li)》者(zhe),彼(bi)谓(wei)四(si)(si)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兽(shou)相(xiang)渐渍而有(you)疫死(si),此(ci)(ci)(ci)<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>谓(wei)肉(rou)腐(fu),义理(li)有(you)殊。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),直取音同。仍取四(si)(si)足(zu)死(si)者(zhe)即有(you)肉(rou)腐(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>也。先郑云(yun)“死(si)人(ren)(ren)骨(gu)(gu)也”者(zhe),以人(ren)(ren)骨(gu)(gu)为主,其中兼四(si)(si)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)也。《月令》者(zhe),彼(bi)据(ju)孟春,春是(shi)生气(qi),骨(gu)(gu)是(shi)死(si)气(qi),为死(si)气(qi)逆生气(qi),故埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)官在秋者(zhe),是(shi)阴,故属(shu)秋。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),除(chu)<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>是(shi)同故也。彼(bi)注云(yun)“骨(gu)(gu)枯曰(yue)(yue)骼,肉(rou)腐(fu)曰(yue)(yue)<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>”,<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>言(yan)(yan)埋,亦(yi)掩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),骼言(yan)(yan)掩,亦(yi)埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),义无异,互言(yan)(yan)耳。故云(yun)“腐(fu)骨(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚有(you)肉(rou)者(zhe)也”,则(ze)肉(rou)腐(fu)曰(yue)(yue)<骨(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)>,亦(yi)一也。云(yun)“及禽兽(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)皆是(shi)”者(zhe),即“四(si)(si)足(zu)曰(yue)(yue)渍”在其中。按《诗》云(yun)“行有(you)死(si)人(ren)(ren),尚或堇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,又下云(yun)“若有(you)死(si)於道路者(zhe),则(ze)令埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,今得有(you)死(si)人(ren)(ren)骨(gu)(gu)者(zhe),近道人(ren)(ren)见者(zhe),令埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其有(you)死(si)于沟壑者(zhe),蜡氏除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
凡国之大祭祀,令州里除不蠲,禁刑者、任人及凶服者,以及郊野,大师、大宾客亦如之。(蠲读如“吉圭惟饣喜”之圭。圭,也。刑者,黥劓之属。任人,司圜所收教罢民也。凶服,服衰也。此所禁除者,皆为不欲见,人所恶也。
○蠲(juan),古玄反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),旧音圭,也。饣喜,昌志(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。罢,音皮。衰,七雷反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),下“为其滔”、“为其就禽”同。,纡(yu)废反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),今本多作秽。恶,乌(wu)路反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“蠲读”至“恶也”
○释曰(yue):“大(da)祭祀”,谓郊(jiao)祭天地。“大(da)宾客”,谓诸(zhu)侯来朝。若(ruo)据(ju)天地,其神位在(zai)郊(jiao),至郊(jiao)而已。若(ruo)宾客,则(ze)至畿,故兼言(yan)野(ye)。郊(jiao)外曰(yue)野(ye),大(da)总言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“蠲读如‘吉圭惟饣喜’之(zhi)圭”者(zhe),毛诗云(yun)“蠲为饣喜”,无此言(yan)。郑从三家《诗》,故不同。云(yun)“刑(xing)(xing)者(zhe),黥(qing)劓之(zhi)属(shu)(shu)”者(zhe),之(zhi)属(shu)(shu)中舍有宫(gong)刖(yue)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“任人,司圜所收教罢(ba)(ba)民也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),经“任人”文承“刑(xing)(xing)者(zhe)”之(zhi)下,则(ze)罢(ba)(ba)民亦刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)类(lei),是(shi)(shi)以《司圜》云(yun)“仕之(zhi)以事”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。“凶(xiong)服(fu)(fu)”,五(wu)服(fu)(fu)皆是(shi)(shi),故曰(yue)“凶(xiong)服(fu)(fu),服(fu)(fu)衰也(ye)(ye)”。祭者(zhe)皆齐,齐者(zhe)洁静,不欲见秽恶也(ye)(ye)。
若有死於道路者,则令埋而置曷焉,书其日月焉,县其衣服任器于有地之官,以待其人。(有地之官,主此地之吏也。其人,其家人也。郑司农云:“曷,欲令其识取之,今时揭橥是也。有地之官,有郡界之吏,今时乡亭是也。”
○曷(he),音竭(jie)。县(xian),音玄(xuan)。)
[疏]注“有地”至“是也”
○释曰(yue):此经主(zhu)(zhu)谓行人在路死者(zhe)。云(yun)“有(you)(you)地之官,主(zhu)(zhu)此地之吏也(ye)”者(zhe),谓比(bi)闾族党之等(deng)(deng),皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)长吏,若(ruo)比(bi)长、闾胥、党宰之辈皆(jie)(jie)是。若(ruo)今(jin)时乡亭治事之处,县衣服任器(qi)等(deng)(deng),仍使(shi)守掌,使(shi)不失(shi)也(ye)。
掌凡国(guo)之<骨此>禁,(禁谓孟春掩骼埋(mai)之属(shu)。)
[疏]注“禁谓”至“之属”
○释(shi)曰:“孟春”者(zhe),《月令》文(wen)也(ye)。
雍氏掌沟渎浍池之禁,凡害於国稼者。春令为阱扌沟渎之利於民者,秋令塞阱杜扌。(沟、渎、浍,田间通水者也。池,谓陂障之水道也。害於国稼,谓水潦及禽兽也。阱,穿地为斩,所以御禽兽,其或超逾,则陷焉,世谓之陷阱。扌,柞鄂也。坚地阱浅,则设柞鄂於其中。秋而杜塞阱扌,收刈之时,为其陷害人也。《书·{比米}誓》曰:“度攵乃扌,念攵乃阱。”时秋也,伯禽以出师征徐戎。
○浍,古(gu)外(wai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。阱,在性反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),堑也。扌,胡化反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。陂,披宜反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。障,之(zhi)尚反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。斩,七艳反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),本又(you)作堑。柞,刘才伯反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),或在洛(luo)(luo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。鄂,刘五洛(luo)(luo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),戚五各(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。{比米(mi)},音秘。度(du)攵,音杜。念攵,乃协反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)乃结反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。徐,刘本作余阝,音徐。)
[疏]“雍氏”至“杜扌”
○释曰:“掌沟渎浍池之禁,凡害於国稼者”,沟渎浍池,或田间通水,或在田外所须,本为利民而造,其中有放溢奔流为害者,则禁之。“凡害於国稼者”,谓水潦之等。“春令为阱扌沟渎之利於民者”,阱扌以取禽兽,沟渎所以通水,是皆利於民,故春使为之也。
○注“沟渎”至“徐戎”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“沟、渎、浍,田间通(tong)水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《遂人》、《匠人》,惟有遂、沟、荡(dang)、浍,川,不(bu)(bu)(bu)见有渎,此云(yun)(yun)(yun)渎亦(yi)田间通(tong)水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe),但注(zhu)渎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)川,或(huo)可(ke)以川为(wei)渎,举其(qi)类也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“池谓(wei)陂障(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“彼(bi)(bi)(bi)泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陂”,毛(mao)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“泽障(zhang)(zhang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)陂”,今云(yun)(yun)(yun)“陂障(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)道(dao),谓(wei)障(zhang)(zhang)泽为(wei)陂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,於泽通(tong)水(shui)(shui)入陂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)池”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阱,穿地(di)为(wei)斩”者(zhe)(zhe),此则(ze)深为(wei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)须别设柞(zuo)鄂(e)(e),扌(shou)则(ze)坚地(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)深,故须柞(zuo)鄂(e)(e)。柞(zuo)鄂(e)(e)者(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)以为(wei)竖柞(zuo)於中(zhong),向上鄂(e)(e)鄂(e)(e)然,所以载(zai)禽(qin)兽,使足不(bu)(bu)(bu)至地(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)跃(yue)而(er)出,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柞(zuo)鄂(e)(e)也(ye)。《书(shu)·{比米}誓》者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁侯伯禽(qin)宅(zhai)曲(qu)阜,徐戎并兴(xing),伯禽(qin)往征(zheng)”,有此塞阱杜扌(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),故引以为(wei)证(zheng)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“时秋也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见时节(jie),但此说在秋,明彼(bi)(bi)(bi)亦(yi)秋,故得(de)(de)有度攵扌(shou)念(nian)攵阱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
禁山之为苑、泽之沈宅。(为其就禽兽鱼{敝虫}自然之居而害之。郑司农云:“不得擅为苑囿於山也。泽之沈者,谓毒鱼及水虫之属。”
○苑,於阮反(fan),刘於原反(fan)。)
[疏]注“为其”至“之属”
○释曰:先郑云“不得擅(shan)为苑(yuan)囿(you)於山”,义虽(sui)与後(hou)郑异,得为一义,故(gu)引之在下。又云“沈(shen)者,谓(wei)毒鱼(yu)及(ji)水虫(chong)之属”者,谓(wei)别以药沈(shen)於水中以杀(sha)鱼(yu)及(ji)水虫(chong),不谓(wei)鸩,故(gu)不作鸩作沈(shen)也。
萍氏掌国之水禁。(水禁,谓水中害人之处,及入水捕鱼鳖不时。
○捕,音步。)
[疏]注“水禁”至“不时”
○释曰:水中(zhong)害人(ren)之(zhi)处,或有深泉(quan)洪波(bo),沙虫水弩。云“捕(bu)鱼鳖(bie)不(bu)时”者,案(an)《月令(ling)》,春秋(qiu)及冬取(qu)鱼,夏不(bu)合取(qu)鱼。夏取(qu)则(ze)不(bu)时,故云“不(bu)时”,皆禁(jin)之(zhi)也。
几酒,(苛察沽买过多及非时者。
○苛,音何(he),又(you)(you)呼何(he)反(fan)。沽,音姑(gu),又(you)(you)音故(gu)。买,如字,一本作卖(mai)。)
[疏]“几酒”
○释曰:萍氏几(ji)酒(jiu)(jiu)者,酒(jiu)(jiu)亦水之类(lei)故也。不得(de)非(fei)时,时,谓若《酒(jiu)(jiu)诰》“惟祀兹酒(jiu)(jiu)”,又乡(xiang)饮酒(jiu)(jiu)及昏娶(qu)为酒(jiu)(jiu)食(shi)以(yi)召乡(xiang)党(dang)僚(liao)友,是其时也。
谨(jin)酒(jiu),(使民节用酒(jiu)也。《书(shu)·酒(jiu)诰》曰:“有政有事无(wu)彝酒(jiu)。”)
[疏]“谨酒”
○释(shi)曰:此戒谨(jin)慎於酒(jiu),故引《酒(jiu)诰》。有(you)政之(zhi)大目(mu),有(you)事之(zhi)小目(mu),夷,常也(ye),不(bu)得常饮(yin)(yin)(yin),明如上文(wen)合饮(yin)(yin)(yin)时(shi)乃饮(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)。
禁川游者。(备波洋卒至沈溺也。
○洋(yang),音翔(xiang),又音羊(yang)。卒,寸忽反。)
[疏]“禁川游者”
○释(shi)曰:游,谓浮游,不乘桥船,恐溺,故禁之(zhi)也。
司寤氏掌夜(ye)时(shi)。(夜(ye)时(shi),谓夜(ye)晚早(zao),若今甲乙至戌。)
[疏]注“夜时”至“至戌”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此文与下为月,故注云“谓夜晚早(zao)”,甲乙(yi)则早(zao)时(shi),戌亥则晚时(shi)也。
以星分夜,以诏夜士夜禁。(夜士,主行夜徼候者,如今都候之属。
○行(xing),下孟反。下“行(xing)夜”同。徼,古吊(diao)反。)
[疏]注“夜士”至“之属”
○释曰:云(yun)“以星(xing)分(fen)夜(ye)”者,若今时(shi)观(guan)参辰知夜(ye)早晚(wan),是以《书(shu)传》云(yun):“春(chun)昏(hun)张中(zhong),可以种稷。夏大(da)火中(zhong),可以种黍菽。秋虚中(zhong),可以种麦。冬昴中(zhong),可以收敛盖藏。”彼虽非分(fen)夜(ye)以诏(zhao)夜(ye)士,亦(yi)是以星(xing)知早晚(wan)之类也(ye)。言(yan)“行夜(ye)徼候(hou)(hou)”者,若宫伯掌授八次八舍,注(zhu)云(yun)“於徼候(hou)(hou)便也(ye)”,则(ze)行夜(ye)来(lai)往周旋,谓徼候(hou)(hou)者也(ye)。
御晨行者,禁宵行者、夜游者。(备其遭寇害及谋非公事。御亦禁也,谓遏止之,无刑法也。晨,先明也。宵,定昏也。《书》曰:“宵中星虚。”《春秋传》曰:“夜中,星陨如雨。”
○先,悉荐反(fan)。陨,于敏反(fan)。)
[疏]注“沟其”至“如雨”
○释曰(yue):晨亦(yi)得(de)名旦(dan),《月(yue)令》云(yun)(yun)“旦(dan)尾中(zhong)”,亦(yi)得(de)名曰(yue)明,按《三(san)(san)光(guang)考(kao)灵(ling)耀》云(yun)(yun):“日入三(san)(san)刻为(wei)昏(hun),不尽三(san)(san)刻为(wei)明。”昏(hun)亦(yi)得(de)名星(xing),故奔丧云(yun)(yun)“日行(xing)百里不以夜(ye)(ye)行(xing),惟父母之丧,见星(xing)而行(xing),见星(xing)而舍(she)”,明见星(xing)时即为(wei)夜(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)。如是(shi)(shi),宵亦(yi)得(de)名曰(yue)昏(hun),昏(hun)参中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye),亦(yi)名曰(yue)夜(ye)(ye)。《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)“宵,夜(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)”,然则(ze)夜(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)晨明之首,不通(tong)於前,宵是(shi)(shi)昏(hun)之末,不通(tong)於後也(ye)(ye)。惟夜(ye)(ye)中(zhong)之时正一(yi)名耳(er)。此云(yun)(yun)“禁(jin)晨行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)、禁(jin)宵行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)”,谓在道(dao)(dao)路中(zhong)。《礼志》云(yun)(yun)“男女夜(ye)(ye)行(xing)以烛”,谓在宫中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。晨行(xing)、宵行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),惟罪人(ren)与奔父母之丧。若天子祭天之时,则(ze)通(tong)夜(ye)(ye)而行(xing),故《礼记》云(yun)(yun)“埽反道(dao)(dao),乡为(wei)田烛”。禁(jin)夜(ye)(ye)游者(zhe)(zhe),禁(jin)其无(wu)故游者(zhe)(zhe)。引《春秋》者(zhe)(zhe),庄公(gong)七(qi)年,夏(xia)四月(yue)辛(xin)卯,“夜(ye)(ye)中(zhong)星(xing)陨如雨”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
司ピ氏掌以夫遂取明火於日,以鉴取明水於月,以共祭祀之明、明烛,共明水。(夫遂,阳遂也。鉴,镜属,取水者,世谓之方诸。取日之火,月之水,欲得阴阳之洁气也。明烛以照馔,陈明水以为玄酒。郑司农云:“夫,发声。明,谓以明水涤粢盛黍稷。”
○夫,方符反,或(huo)云(yun)司(si)农音(yin)(yin)符。,音(yin)(yin)资,注作(zuo)粢(zi),音(yin)(yin)同。)
[疏]注“夫遂”至“黍稷”
○释(shi)曰:云“夫遂,阳(yang)遂也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)太(tai)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)精,取(qu)(qu)火於(wu)日(ri),故名(ming)阳(yang)遂。取(qu)(qu)火於(wu)木,为(wei)木遂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“鉴(jian),镜属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《诗》云“我心非鉴(jian),不可以茹。”彼鉴(jian)是(shi)镜,可以照(zhao)(zhao)物(wu)。此鉴(jian)形制与(yu)彼鉴(jian)同,所以取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),世(shi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)方诸”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉世(shi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)方诸,言取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)方诸,则取(qu)(qu)火者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不名(ming)方诸,别名(ming)阳(yang)遂也(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),洁也(ye)(ye)(ye),日(ri)月(yue)水(shui)(shui)火为(wei)明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)明(ming)(ming)火,是(shi)取(qu)(qu)日(ri)月(yue)阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)洁气也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“明(ming)(ming)烛以照(zhao)(zhao)馔(zhuan)陈”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)祭日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)旦,馔(zhuan)陈於(wu)堂东,去(qu)明(ming)(ming),须烛照(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)以为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郁(yu)鬯五齐,以明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)配,三酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),以玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)配。玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),井水(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)与(yu)明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)别,而云明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)以为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),对则异(yi),散文(wen)通谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。是(shi)以《礼运》云“玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在室”,亦谓(wei)明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云“明(ming)(ming)水(shui)(shui)氵(shui)涤粢盛黍稷”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),氵(shui)谓(wei)氵(shui)氵(shui)隋,涤谓(wei)荡涤,俱谓(wei)释(shi)米者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡邦之大事共坟烛庭燎。(故书“坟”为“ナ”。郑司农云:“蒉烛,麻烛也。”玄谓坟,大也。树於门外曰大烛,於门内曰庭燎,皆所以照众为明。
○坟(fen),扶云反(fan)。燎,力召反(fan)。ナ,扶云反(fan),李一音妇辈(bei)反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡邦”至“庭燎”
○释曰:“大事”者,谓若大丧纪大宾客,则皆设大烛在门外,庭燎在大寝之庭。
○注“故书”至“为明”
○释(shi)曰(yue):先郑从故书ナ为(wei)(wei)麻烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)有麻烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),故不从,是(shi)以《礼(li)(li)记(ji)·少(shao)仪(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“十人执(zhi)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)抱ㄡ。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“未(wei)曰(yue)ㄡ”,是(shi)知未(wei)有麻烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)。後郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“树於(wu)(wu)门(men)(men)外(wai)曰(yue)大(da)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)人所(suo)执(zhi)也(ye)。《燕礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“甸人执(zhi)大(da)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)(wu)庭”,不言树者(zhe)(zhe),彼诸侯燕礼(li)(li),不树於(wu)(wu)地(di),使(shi)人执(zhi)。彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun):“庭大(da)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),为(wei)(wei)位(wei)广也(ye)。”此言大(da)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),亦为(wei)(wei)位(wei)广,又树之於(wu)(wu)地(di)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)(wu)门(men)(men)内曰(yue)庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)”者(zhe)(zhe),於(wu)(wu)门(men)(men)内,在庭中(zhong),故谓之庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)。庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)与大(da)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)亦一(yi)(yi)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)所(suo)以照众为(wei)(wei)明,是(shi)以《诗·庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“夜(ye)如何(he)其(qi)(qi),夜(ye)未(wei)央(yang),庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)之光,君子(zi)(zi)至止,鸾(luan)声将将。”谓宣王时诸侯来朝之事。按(an)《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)之百,由齐(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)始也(ye)。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun):“庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)之差,公(gong)(gong)盖五十,侯伯子(zi)(zi)男皆三十。”《大(da)戴礼(li)(li)》文。其(qi)(qi)百者(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)(zi)礼(li)(li)。庭燎(liao)(liao)(liao)所(suo)作,依慕容所(suo)为(wei)(wei),以苇为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),以布缠(chan)之,饴密灌之,若今蜡烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。百者(zhe)(zhe),或以百般一(yi)(yi)处设之,或百处设之。若人所(suo)执(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),用(yong)荆(jing)ㄡ为(wei)(wei)之,执(zhi)烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)抱ㄡ,《曲(qu)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“烛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不见跋”是(shi)也(ye)。
中春,以木铎修火禁于国中。(为季春将出火也。火禁,谓用火之处及备风燥。
○中,音仲。为(wei)(wei),于伪(wei)反(fan),下(xia)“为(wei)(wei)葬”、“皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)”同。燥,素(su)早(zao)反(fan),又素(su)报反(fan)。)
[疏]注“为季”至“风燥”
○释曰:云“为(wei)季春(chun)将出火(huo)也”者,三月昏时,大辰(chen)星(xing)在(zai)卯南见,是火(huo)星(xing)出,此(ci)二(er)月末出,故(gu)云为(wei)季春(chun)将出火(huo)也。
军旅,修火禁。邦若屋诛,则为明焉。(郑司农云:“屋诛,谓夷三族。无亲属收葬者,故为葬之也。三夫为屋,一家田为一夫,以此知三家也。玄谓屋读如其刑屋刂之屋刂。屋刂诛,谓所杀不於而以甸师氏者也。明,若今揭头明书其罪法也。司ピ掌明,则罪人夜葬与?
○,昌锐反。屋(wu)刂,徐音(yin)屋(wu),刘(liu)音(yin)握。与,音(yin)馀。)
[疏]“军旅”至“焉”
○释曰:“屋诛”,谓甸师氏屋舍中诛,则王之同族及有爵者也。是以《易·鼎卦》云:“鼎折足,覆公饣束,其刑屋。”郑义以为饣束,美馔,鼐三足,三公象,若三公倾覆王之美道,屋中刑之。与此同。云“为明焉”者,明用刑以板书其姓名及罪状,著於身圹中也。
○注“郑司”至“葬与”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)以屋为(wei)夫(fu)三为(wei)屋者(zhe),谓夷三族(zu)解之(zhi)。後(hou)郑(zheng)不从者(zhe),夷三族(zu)乃是战国韩信(xin)等用商鞅连相坐(zuo)之(zhi)法,造(zao)三夷之(zhi)诛,既乱世之(zhi)法,何(he)得以解太平制礼之(zhi)事(shi)乎?郑(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)人亦有明(ming)刑书(shu)於本者(zhe),见昭二年,郑(zheng)公孙黑作乱,子(zi)产(chan)数其罪(zui)(zui)云(yun):“不速死,大刑将至。”七月壬(ren)寅(yin),缢,尸(shi)诸周氏(shi)之(zhi)衢,加木焉(yan)。注云(yun):“书(shu)其罪(zui)(zui)於木,以加尸(shi)上。”而(er)罪(zui)(zui)之(zhi)非礼,故书(shu)“杀(sha)”以恶(e)黑,知(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)刑者(zhe)书(shu)可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi)。知(zhi)(zhi)夜(ye)葬者(zhe),以其司ピ主(zhu)明(ming)火(huo)掌夜(ye)事(shi),既令掌之(zhi),则罪(zui)(zui)人夜(ye)葬可(ke)知(zhi)(zhi),故《曾子(zi)问》云(yun):“见星而(er)行(xing)者(zhe)惟罪(zui)(zui)人”,是夜(ye)葬之(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。