卷四 隐(yin)六年,尽(jin)十(shi)一年
【经】六年,春,郑人来渝平。(和而不盟曰平。
○渝(yu),羊朱反,变也。)
[疏]注“和而不盟曰平”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):宣十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)宋人及(ji)楚人平(ping)(ping)(ping),传载其盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)辞。昭(zhao)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)燕(yan)暨齐(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping),传称(cheng)“盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于濡上”。似平(ping)(ping)(ping)皆有盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),而云不盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe),平(ping)(ping)(ping)实(shi)解怨和好之辞,非要盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也。彼自(zi)既平(ping)(ping)(ping)之后,别(bie)为盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)耳。此与(yu)定十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“及(ji)齐(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)”皆传无盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)事。定十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“及(ji)郑平(ping)(ping)(ping)”下(xia)乃云“叔还如(ru)郑莅盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”,平(ping)(ping)(ping)后乃盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),知(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)非盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也。
夏,五月,辛酉,公会齐侯,盟于艾。泰山牟县东南有艾山。
○艾,五盖(gai)反。
秋,七月,虽(sui)无事而书首月,具(ju)四时以(yi)成岁,他皆放此。
[疏]注“虽无”至“放此”。
○正义曰(yue):《公羊传》曰(yue):“此无(wu)事何以书(shu)?《春秋》虽无(wu)事,首时(shi)(shi)过则(ze)书(shu)。首时(shi)(shi)过则(ze)何以书(shu)?《春秋》编(bian)年,四(si)时(shi)(shi)具(ju),然后为(wei)年。”此注用《公羊》为(wei)说。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“年之(zhi)四(si)时(shi)(shi),虽或无(wu)事,必空书(shu)首月,以纪时(shi)(shi)变,以明历数也。”
冬,宋人取长葛。秋取,冬乃告也。上有“伐郑,围长葛”,长葛,郑邑可知,故不言郑也。前年冬围,不克而还。今冬乘长葛无备而取之,言易也。
○易,以(yi)豉反,传同。
[疏]注“秋取”至“易也”。
○正义曰:经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)“冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”,传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“秋(qiu)”。丘明为传(chuan)例(li)(li),不虚举经(jing)文(wen),独以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)事。明是(shi)以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)取(qu)(qu)(qu),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乃告(gao)也。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)告(gao)者,告(gao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)始取(qu)(qu)(qu)耳,故(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)以(yi)(yi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至告(gao),言(yan)(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)取(qu)(qu)(qu),亦当追书(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)秋(qiu)。八年(nian)传(chuan)曰:“冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),齐侯使(shi)来告(gao),成(cheng)三(san)国(guo)。”秋(qiu)成(cheng)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)告(gao),书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)秋(qiu)。明此(ci)以(yi)(yi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)告(gao),故(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也。贾、服以(yi)(yi)为长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge)不系(xi)(xi)郑(zheng)(zheng)者,剌不能(neng)(neng)抚有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)邑(yi)(yi)。凡(fan)邑(yi)(yi)为他国(guo)所取(qu)(qu)(qu),皆是(shi)不能(neng)(neng)抚有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何(he)故(gu)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)独为恶郑(zheng)(zheng)玄故(gu)杜以(yi)(yi)为上有(you)伐郑(zheng)(zheng)围长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge),则长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge)郑(zheng)(zheng)邑(yi)(yi)可知,故(gu)不言(yan)(yan)(yan)郑(zheng)(zheng)也。既言(yan)(yan)(yan)秋(qiu)取(qu)(qu)(qu),取(qu)(qu)(qu)实(shi)在秋(qiu)因其(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)文(wen)在冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),遂言(yan)(yan)(yan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)无备。襄十(shi)三(san)年(nian)传(chuan)例(li)(li)曰:“凡(fan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)‘取(qu)(qu)(qu)’,言(yan)(yan)(yan)易也。”知此(ci)乘(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)无备而(er)取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。杜知长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge)不系(xi)(xi)郑(zheng)(zheng),非大都以(yi)(yi)名通者,以(yi)(yi)前(qian)年(nian)云“伐郑(zheng)(zheng),围长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge)”,长(zhang)葛(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)系(xi)(xi)於(wu)(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)故(gu)也。刘炫以(yi)(yi)大都通名而(er)规杜氏(shi),非也。
【传】六年春,郑人来渝平,更成也。(渝,变也。公之为公子,战於狐壤,为郑所执,逃归,怨郑。郑伐宋,公欲救宋,宋使者失辞,公怒而止。忿宋则欲厚郑,郑因此而来,故经书“渝平”,传曰“更成”。
○壤,如掌反。使,所吏反。)
[疏]传注“渝变”至“更成”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):“渝,变(bian)也”,《释(shi)言》文。变(bian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)者,变(bian)更前(qian)恶而复(fu)为(wei)和(he)(he)好。变(bian)即更之(zhi)义(yi),成(cheng)(cheng)则平(ping)(ping)(ping)之(zhi)训(xun),故传解(jie)“渝平(ping)(ping)(ping)”谓(wei)之(zhi)“更成(cheng)(cheng)”。自狐壤(rang)以(yi)来与郑不和(he)(he),今日(ri)复(fu)和(he)(he),故曰(yue)“更成(cheng)(cheng)”,言更复(fu)狐壤(rang)以(yi)前(qian)之(zhi)好也。服虔云:“公(gong)为(wei)郑所(suo)获,释(shi)而不结平(ping)(ping)(ping),於(wu)是更为(wei)约(yue)束(shu)以(yi)结之(zhi),故曰(yue)渝平(ping)(ping)(ping)。”案(an)传,公(gong)赂(lu)尹氏而与之(zhi)逃归,非郑所(suo)释(shi),安得释(shi)而结平(ping)(ping)(ping)也?
翼九宗、五正、顷父之子嘉父,逆晋侯于随,翼,晋旧都也。唐叔始封,受怀姓九宗,职官五正,遂世为晋强家。五正,五官之长。九宗,一姓为九族也。顷父之子嘉父,晋大夫。
○顷音倾(qing)。长,丁丈反(fan),下丈及注同。
[疏]注“翼晋”至“大夫”。
○正义(yi)曰:唐(tang)叔(shu)始封,受怀(huai)姓九宗,职官五(wu)正者(zhe),谓(wei)周成(cheng)王(wang)灭唐(tang),始封唐(tang)叔(shu),以(yi)怀(huai)氏一姓九族(zu),及是先代五(wu)官之(zhi)长子孙(sun)赐(ci)之(zhi)。言五(wu)官之(zhi)长者(zhe),谓(wei)於殷时(shi)为(wei)五(wu)行官长,今(jin)褒(bao)宠(chong)唐(tang)叔(shu),故(gu)以(yi)其家族(zu)赐(ci)之(zhi)耳。今(jin)云(yun)顷(qing)父(fu)之(zhi)子嘉父(fu)者(zhe),以(yi)顷(qing)父(fu)旧居职位,名号章显,嘉父(fu)新(xin)为(wei)大夫,未(wei)甚(shen)著见,故(gu)系之(zhi)於父(fu)。诸(zhu)系父(fu)为(wei)文(wen)者(zhe),义(yi)皆同此也。
纳诸鄂,晋人谓之鄂侯。鄂,晋别邑。诸地名疑者皆言有,以示不审;阙者不复记其阙。他皆放此。前年桓王立此侯之子於翼,故不得复入翼,别居鄂。
○鄂,五各(ge)反。不(bu)复,扶又反,下同。
[疏]注“诸地”至“放此”。
○正义曰:杜言“不(bu)复记其阙”者,谓但言某邑(yi)而(er)已,下不(bu)云(yun)“阙”。若鄂直云(yun)“晋(jin)别邑(yi)”,及翼侯(hou)奔随,注云(yun)“随,晋(jin)地”,郑(zheng)人侵卫(wei)牧(mu),注云(yun)“牧(mu),卫(wei)邑(yi)”,如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)类,皆不(bu)言“阙”是也(ye)(ye)。若不(bu)知(zhi)何(he)国之(zhi)地者,则(ze)言“阙”,若虞公出奔其池,公孙婴(ying)齐卒于(yu)貍脤,并注云(yun)“阙”是也(ye)(ye)。亦有(you)虽知(zhi)某国之(zhi)地,注亦云(yun)“阙”,则(ze)隐十一年苏忿生(sheng)十二邑(yi),注“陉”云(yun)“阙”者,以馀(yu)邑(yi)皆知(zhi)所在,唯此(ci)独阙故也(ye)(ye)。
夏,盟于艾,始平于齐也。春秋前,鲁与齐不平,今乃弃恶结好,故言始平于齐。
○好,呼报反。
五月(yue),庚申,郑伯(bo)侵陈,大获。往岁郑伯(bo)请(qing)成于陈,成犹平也。
[疏]“五月庚申”。
○正义曰:案经盟于艾亦(yi)在五月(yue),传略不言(yan)月(yue)。庚申之日(ri),须月(yue)以统之,故别(bie)言(yan)五月(yue)。他(ta)皆放此。
陈侯不许。五父谏曰:“亲仁善邻,国之宝也。君其许郑。”五父,陈公子佗。
○佗,徒何反,人名皆同。
○陈侯曰:“宋、卫实难,可畏难也。
○难,乃旦反,注同。郑何能为?”遂不许。君子曰:“‘善不可失,恶不可长。’其陈桓公之谓乎!长恶不悛,从自及也。悛,止也。从,随也。
○悛,七全反。虽欲救之,其将能乎?《商书》曰:‘恶之易也,如火之燎于原,不可乡迩,《商书·盘庚》言恶易长,如火焚原野,不可乡近。
○燎,力召反,又力吊反。乡,本又作向,同,许亮反。近,附近之近。其犹可扑灭?’言不可扑灭。
○扑,普卜反。周任有言,周任,周大夫。
○任音壬。曰:‘为国家者,见恶如农夫之务去草焉,芟夷蕴崇之,绝其本根,勿使能殖,则善者信矣。’”芟,刈也。夷,杀也。蕴,积也。崇,聚也。
○去,起吕(lv)反(fan)。芟,所衔反(fan);《说文》作癹,匹(pi)末反(fan),云以足蹋夷草(cao)。蕴,纡纷反(fan)。信如字(zi),一音(yin)申。
秋,宋人取长葛。
冬,京师来告饥。公为之请籴於宋、卫、齐、郑,礼也。告饥不以王命,故传言“京师”,而不书於经也。虽非王命,而公共以称命,已国不足,旁请邻国,故曰礼也。传见隐之贤。
○为,于(yu)伪反(fan)。籴(di),直历(li)反(fan)。见,贤遍反(fan)。
[疏]注“告饥”至“之贤”。
○正义曰(yue):王(wang)使至(zhi)鲁(lu)(lu),皆应书(shu)经,此独不(bu)(bu)书(shu),故(gu)解之(zhi)。以人情恕之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)得自不(bu)(bu)输(shu)粟(su),空告他(ta)人。故(gu)知已国(guo)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),旁(pang)请(qing)邻国(guo),故(gu)曰(yue)礼(li)也。定五年“归粟(su)于蔡(cai)”尚书(shu)於(wu)经,此不(bu)(bu)书(shu)者,鲁(lu)(lu)以往岁螟灾,故(gu)已国(guo)饥困,所(suo)输(shu)不(bu)(bu)多,宋、郑输(shu)粟(su),不(bu)(bu)复告鲁(lu)(lu),故(gu)皆不(bu)(bu)书(shu)。此事无(wu)(wu)经而发,故(gu)解传意,见隐之(zhi)贤。诸(zhu)无(wu)(wu)经之(zhi)传,皆意有所(suo)见,悉皆放此。
郑伯如周,始朝桓王也。桓王即位,周、郑交恶,至是乃朝,故曰始。王不礼焉。周桓公言於王曰:“我周之东迁,晋、郑焉依。周桓公,周公黑肩也。周,采地,扶风雍县东北有周城。幽王为犬戎所杀,平王东徙,晋文侯、郑武公左右王室,故曰晋、郑焉依。
○焉依,如字;或(huo)於(wu)虔反,非。雍,於(wu)用反。左音(yin)(yin)佐,右音(yin)(yin)祐,又并如字。
[疏]注“周桓”至“焉依”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):桓公是(shi)周公黑肩,事见桓十八年传(chuan)也。幽(you)王(wang)娶申(shen)女为(wei)后(hou),生(sheng)大(da)子(zi)宜(yi)臼。后(hou)得褒姒,嬖(bi)之(zhi),生(sheng)子(zi)伯服。废(fei)申(shen)后(hou),逐大(da)子(zi)。以褒姒为(wei)后(hou),伯服为(wei)大(da)子(zi)。宜(yi)臼奔申(shen)申(shen)。侯(hou)乃(nai)与犬(quan)戎共攻幽(you)王(wang),杀幽(you)王(wang)於骊(li)山之(zhi)下。於是(shi)诸侯(hou)乃(nai)与申(shen)侯(hou)共立宜(yi)臼,是(shi)为(wei)平王(wang)。以西都逼戎,晋文侯(hou)、郑武公夹辅平王(wang),东迁洛邑。《毛诗(shi)》、《尚书(shu)》、《国语》、《史记》皆略有其(qi)事。
善郑以劝来者,犹惧不蔇,蔇,至也。
○蔇(ji),其器反。况不礼焉?郑(zheng)不来矣!”为桓五年诸侯(hou)从王伐郑(zheng)传。
【经】七年,春,王三月,叔姬归于纪。(无传。叔姬,伯姬之娣也。至是归者,待年於父母国,不与嫡俱行,故书。
○嫡,本又(you)作適(shi),同(tong),丁历反。)
[疏]注“叔姬”至“故书”。
○正义曰:女(nv)嫁於他国,皆有侄、娣与適俱行(xing)(xing),则所尊在適,书(shu)適,不书(shu)侄、娣。叔(shu)姬,待年之女(nv),年满特行(xing)(xing),故(gu)书(shu)其(qi)归。鲁女(nv)嫁於他国之卿(qing),皆书(shu)之。夫(fu)人之娣尊,与卿(qing)同(tong)其(qi)书(shu),固是常例。贾云(yun):“书(shu)之者(zhe),剌纪(ji)贵叔(shu)姬。”传(chuan)无其(qi)事,是妄说也。
滕侯卒。传例曰:“不书名,未同盟也。”滕国在沛国公丘县东南。
○沛音贝。
[疏]“滕侯卒”。
○正义曰:《谱(pu)》云(yun):“滕(teng),姬姓(xing),文王(wang)(wang)子(zi)错叔绣(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)后。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)封之(zhi)(zhi),居滕(teng),今沛郡(jun)公丘县是(shi)也。自叔绣(xiu)至宣公十七世,乃见《春(chun)秋》。隐(yin)公以(yi)下,《春(chun)秋》后六世,而齐(qi)灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi)。”《世本》云(yun):“齐(qi)景(jing)公亡滕(teng)。”案(an)齐(qi)景(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)卒在(zai)滕(teng)、隐(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)前,《世本》言(yan)隐(yin)公之(zhi)(zhi)后仍(reng)有六世为君,而云(yun)“齐(qi)景(jing)亡滕(teng)”,为谬(miu)何甚!服虔昭(zhao)四年注亦云(yun):“齐(qi)景(jing)亡滕(teng)”,是(shi)不考校而谬(miu)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。《地(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun):“沛郡(jun)公丘县,故滕(teng)国也,周(zhou)文王(wang)(wang)子(zi)错叔绣(xiu)所封,三十一世为齐(qi)所灭(mie)。”
夏,城中丘。城例在庄二十九年。中丘在琅邪临沂县东北。
○琅音郎(lang)。沂,鱼依反。
齐侯使其弟年来(lai)聘(pin)。诸聘(pin)皆使卿执玉帛以(yi)相存(cun)问,例在襄九(jiu)年。
[疏]注“诸聘”至“九年”。
○正义曰:《聘(pin)(pin)礼》:“使者执(zhi)圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)命(ming),束帛(bo)加璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)享。”郑(zheng)(zheng)玄云(yun):“享,献也。既(ji)聘(pin)(pin)又(you)献,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厚恩惠也。”是执(zhi)玉帛(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相存(cun)问(wen)也。《玉人(ren)(ren)职》云(yun):“瑑圭(gui)(gui)璋(zhang)(zhang)璧琮(cong),八寸,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)覜聘(pin)(pin)。”注云(yun)八寸者,据上公之(zhi)臣(chen)。案聘(pin)(pin)礼:圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聘(pin)(pin)君(jun),璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聘(pin)(pin)夫人(ren)(ren)。既(ji)行(xing)聘(pin)(pin)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享君(jun),琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享夫人(ren)(ren)。又(you)郑(zheng)(zheng)玄注《小行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)“使卿大(da)夫覜聘(pin)(pin),降其君(jun)瑞(rui)一等。”则(ze)侯伯之(zhi)臣(chen)圭(gui)(gui)璋(zhang)(zhang)璧琮(cong)皆六寸,子(zi)男(nan)之(zhi)臣(chen)皆四寸。又(you)《小行(xing)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun):“圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)马,璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮,璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo),琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)锦,琥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绣,璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黼。”郑(zheng)(zheng)玄注云(yun):二王之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)享天(tian)(tian)子(zi)圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)马,享后(hou)(hou)璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)皮。其馀诸侯享天(tian)(tian)子(zi)璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo),享后(hou)(hou)琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)锦,子(zi)男(nan)享大(da)国之(zhi)君(jun)琥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绣,享大(da)国夫人(ren)(ren)璜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黼。是玉帛(bo)之(zhi)文也。
秋,公伐邾。
冬,天王使凡伯来聘。凡伯,周卿士。凡,国;伯,爵也。汲郡共县东南有凡城。
○共音恭。凡,字本作汎,音凡。戎伐凡伯于楚丘以归。戎鸣锺鼓以伐天子之使,见夷狄强虣。不书凡伯败者,单使无众,非战陈也。但言以归,非执也。楚丘,卫地,在济阴城武县西南。
○使,所吏(li)反(fan),下同。见,贤遍(bian)反(fan)。虣,蒲报反(fan)。陈,直觐(jin)反(fan)。
[疏]注“戎鸣”至“西南”。
○正义曰:传(chuan)例(li)“有锺鼓曰伐(fa)”。此(ci)既言(yan)(yan)“伐(fa)”,知(zhi)其鸣锺鼓也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)(du)意(yi)言(yan)(yan)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彼随己而(er)已,非囚执(zhi)(zhi)之辞,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“但言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui),非执(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”。杜(du)(du)必知(zhi)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)非执(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),《穀梁传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui),犹愈乎执(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”又昭十三年(nian)(nian)“晋人执(zhi)(zhi)季孙意(yi)如以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)”,若“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)”是(shi)“执(zhi)(zhi)”,何须别起“执(zhi)(zhi)”文(wen)。明直(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)”者(zhe)非“执(zhi)(zhi)”也(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)如定四年(nian)(nian)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沈子(zi)嘉归(gui)”,经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“杀(sha)(sha)之”;哀七(qi)年(nian)(nian)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邾(zhu)子(zi)益来(lai)”,传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“囚诸负瑕”。既有“囚”、“杀(sha)(sha)”之文(wen),容或是(shi)“执(zhi)(zhi)”。若直(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)”,无“囚”、“杀(sha)(sha)”之事(shi)者(zhe),则非执(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。《春秋(qiu)》有文(wen)同事(shi)异,此(ci)即(ji)其类也(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)君引沈子(zi)、邾(zhu)子(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归(gui)者(zhe)皆执(zhi)(zhi)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)规杜(du)(du)氏(shi),非其义也(ye)(ye)。
【传】七年,春,滕侯卒。不书名,未同盟也。凡诸侯同盟,於是称名,故薨则赴以名,(盟以名告神,故薨亦以名告同盟。)告终、嗣也,以继好息民,(告亡者之终,称嗣位之主嗣位之主。当奉而不忘,故曰:继好。好同则和亲,故曰息民。
○好,呼报反,注同。)谓之(zhi)(zhi)礼经(jing)。(此(ci)(ci)言凡(fan)例,乃(nai)周公所制(zhi)礼经(jing)也。十一年不告之(zhi)(zhi)例,又曰不书於(wu)策(ce)(ce)。明(ming)礼经(jing)皆(jie)当书於(wu)策(ce)(ce)。仲尼脩《春秋(qiu)》,皆(jie)承策(ce)(ce)为经(jing)。丘明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)传博(bo)采众记,故始开(kai)凡(fan)例,特显此(ci)(ci)二句。他皆(jie)放此(ci)(ci)。)
[疏]“凡诸”至“礼经”。
○正义曰:诸侯者,公侯伯子男五等之总号。侯训君也。五等之主虽爵命小异,而俱是国君,故总称诸侯也。诸发凡者皆周公之垂法,史书之旧章。丘明采合旧语,以发明史例。虽意是旧典,而辞出丘明,非全写旧语。同盟称名,薨则赴以名,是周公之旧典。其告终称嗣以下,乃是解释“赴”意,非旧语也。僖二十三年又发例曰:“凡诸侯同盟,死则赴以名,礼也。”直言赴名是礼,不言继好是礼。“继好息民”是礼之大意,非礼之实,明是丘明言此以解赴名之意。彼云“礼也”,此云“谓之礼经”,其事一也。言谓此赴名为礼之常法。丘明之意,言周公谓之然也。“谓之礼经”虽指此一事,诸发凡者莫不尽然。以此为例之初,故特言之。
○注“此言”至“放此”。
○正义曰:凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周公(gong)所(suo)制(zhi),其来亦无(wu)所(suo)出。以传(chuan)言“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)经(jing)”,则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“先圣(sheng)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,非丘(qiu)明自谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)策(ce),必有旧法。一(yi)代大典,周公(gong)所(suo)制(zhi),故知凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)周公(gong)所(suo)制(zhi)。此(ci)言凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)则(ze)云(yun)(yun)“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)经(jing)”,不言凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)则(ze)云(yun)(yun)“不书(shu)於(wu)策(ce)”。以此(ci)明所(suo)谓“礼(li)(li)(li)经(jing)”,皆当(dang)书(shu)策(ce)。从传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首至此(ci),始(shi)开凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li),故特显(xian)此(ci)二(er)(er)句。二(er)(er)句者(zhe),“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)经(jing)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)句,与“不书(shu)于策(ce)”为(wei)二(er)(er)句也(ye)。然则(ze)九(jiu)年“凡(fan)(fan)(fan)雨,自三(san)日以往为(wei)霖”,不以为(wei)始(shi),而远取(qu)十(shi)一(yi)年,云(yun)(yun)“始(shi)开凡(fan)(fan)(fan)例(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe),以九(jiu)年唯(wei)记当(dang)国(guo)雨雪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,史(shi)策(ce)旧文,非是(shi)(shi)(shi)赴告国(guo)家大事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)(li)。
夏,城中丘。书,不(bu)时也。
齐侯使夷仲年来聘,结艾之盟也。艾盟在六(liu)年。
秋,宋及郑平。七月庚申,盟于宿。公伐邾,为宋讨也。公拒宋而更与郑平,欲以郑为援。今郑复与宋盟,故惧而伐邾,欲以求宋,故曰为宋讨。
○为宋,于(yu)伪反,注“为宋”同(tong)。援,于(yu)眷反。复,扶又(you)反。
初,戎朝(chao)于周,发币(bi)于公卿,凡(fan)伯弗(fu)宾(bin)。朝(chao)而发币(bi)於公卿,如(ru)今(jin)计献诣公府卿寺(si)。
[疏]注“朝而”至(zhi)“卿寺(si)”。正(zheng)义曰:朝於天子,献国之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)有,亦发陈财币於公(gong)卿之(zhi)府(fu)(fu)寺(si)。如今(jin)者(zhe)(zhe),如晋时诸州年终遣会计(ji)之(zhi)吏(li)献物於天子,因(yin)令以(yi)物诣公(gong)府(fu)(fu)卿寺(si)。然自汉以(yi)来,三公(gong)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)府(fu)(fu),九(jiu)卿所(suo)(suo)居(ju)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)寺(si)。《风俗通》曰:“府(fu)(fu),聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)卿牧守(shou)府(fu)(fu),道(dao)德之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。藏府(fu)(fu),私府(fu)(fu),财货(huo)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寺(si),司也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),庭有法度,今(jin)官所(suo)(suo)止皆(jie)曰寺(si)。”《释名》曰:“寺(si),嗣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),治事者(zhe)(zhe)相嗣续於其内。”
冬,王使凡伯来(lai)聘。还(hai),戎伐之于楚丘以归。传言凡伯所以见(jian)伐。
陈及郑平。六年,郑侵陈,大获。今乃平。十二月,陈五父如郑莅盟。莅,临也。
○壬申,及郑伯盟,歃如忘。志不在於歃血。
○歃(sha),色(se)洽(qia)反,歃(sha)血也。如(ru)忘,亡亮反,服(fu)虔云:“如(ru),而也”。
[疏]“歃如忘”。
○正(zheng)义曰:歃(sha)(sha)谓口(kou)含血也(ye)(ye)。当歃(sha)(sha)血之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,如(ru)似遗(yi)忘物然(ran),故注云(yun)志(zhi)不在(zai)於歃(sha)(sha)血也(ye)(ye)。服虔(qian)云(yun):“如(ru),而也(ye)(ye)。虽歃(sha)(sha)而忘其盟(meng)载(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,言不精也(ye)(ye)。”盟(meng)载(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞在(zai)於简(jian)策,祝史(shi)读(du)以告神,非歃(sha)(sha)者自诵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何言忘载(zai)(zai)辞也(ye)(ye)?且忘否在(zai)心,五父终不自言已忘,洩伯(bo)安知其忘而讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?
洩伯曰:“五父必不免,不赖盟矣。”氵曳伯,郑洩驾。
○洩,息列反。郑良佐如陈莅盟。良佐,郑大夫。辛巳,及陈侯盟,亦知陈之将乱也。入其国,观其政治,故总言之也。皆为桓五年、六年陈乱,蔡人杀陈佗传。
○治,直吏反。
郑公子忽在王所,故陈侯请妻之。以忽为王宠故。
○妻,七计反。郑伯许之,乃成昏。为郑忽失齐昏援以至出奔传。
○为郑,于伪反。
【经】八年,春,宋公、卫侯遇于垂。(垂,卫地。济阴句阳县东北有垂亭。
○句,古侯反。)
三月,郑伯使宛来归祊。宛,郑大夫。不书氏,未赐族。祊,郑祀泰山之邑,在琅邪费县东南。
○宛,於阮反(fan)。祊,必彭反(fan)。费音祕。
[疏]注“宛郑”至“东南”。
○正义曰:内(nei)卿贬(bian)则去(qu)族(zu)(zu),外卿贬(bian)则称人。外无(wu)去(qu)族(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。今(jin)宛无(wu)族(zu)(zu),传无(wu)讥文(wen),故(gu)知未(wei)赐族(zu)(zu)也。传言郑释(shi)泰(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀,使(shi)来归祊,知祊是郑祀泰(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)。郑以桓(huan)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu),受邑(yi)泰(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,天子祭(ji)(ji)泰(tai)山(shan)必(bi)从往(wang)助祭(ji)(ji),使(shi)共汤沐焉,故(gu)《公(gong)羊》谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“汤沐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)”。既(ji)有(you)此(ci)邑(yi),因立别庙。刘炫云:“言祀泰(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)者,谓泰(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁有(you)此(ci)邑(yi)。邑(yi)内(nei)有(you)郑宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀,盖祀桓(huan)、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)。”
庚寅,我入祊。桓元年,乃卒易祊田(tian),知此入祊,未肯受而有之。
夏,六月,已亥,蔡叔考父卒。无传。襄六年传曰:“杞桓公卒,始赴以名,同盟故也。”诸侯同盟称名者,非唯见在位二君也。尝与其父同盟,则亦以名赴其子,亦所以继好也。蔡未与隐盟,盖春秋前与惠公盟,故赴以名。
○见(jian),贤(xian)遍反。好,呼报反。
[疏]注“襄六”至“以名”。
○正义曰:同(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)赴(fu)名(ming),自有成例(li),而(er)引杞桓(huan)公(gong)者,蔡自春秋以(yi)来未与鲁盟(meng)(meng)(meng),疑与惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)同(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)(gu)引杞桓(huan)为例(li)。杞桓(huan)与成公(gong)同(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),而(er)以(yi)名(ming)赴(fu)襄公(gong),传曰“同(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)”,则(ze)与其(qi)父(fu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)得以(yi)名(ming)赴(fu)其(qi)子,故(gu)(gu)疑蔡与惠(hui)(hui)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)名(ming)赴(fu)隐也(ye)。同(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)称(cheng)名(ming),则(ze)两君(jun)相知(zhi)。君(jun)既知(zhi)之,则(ze)国内皆知(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)彼(bi)父(fu)虽薨,得以(yi)名(ming)赴(fu)彼(bi)子,以(yi)此(ci)名(ming)学与彼(bi)父(fu)对称(cheng)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。若父(fu)与彼(bi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),彼(bi)君(jun)虽在,此(ci)子不得以(yi)其(qi)名(ming)赴(fu),以(yi)此(ci)名(ming)未与彼(bi)君(jun)对称(cheng)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。
辛亥,宿男卒。无传。元年,宋、鲁大夫盟于宿,宿与盟也。晋荀偃祷河,称齐、晋君名,然后自称名,知虽大夫出盟,亦当先称已君之名以启神明,故薨皆从身盟之例,当告以名也。传例曰:“赴以名,则亦书之,不然则否,辟不敏也”。今宿赴不以名,故亦不书名。诸例或发於始事,或发於后者,因宜有所异同,亦或丘明所得记注本末不能皆备故。
○宿与音预(yu),下“不与”同。祷(dao),丁(ding)老反(fan),或丁(ding)报反(fan)。
[疏]注“元年”至“备故”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:於(wu)(wu)例,盟(meng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国地(di),则地(di)主与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。元年“盟(meng)于(yu)(yu)宿(su)”,知(zhi)宿(su)与(yu)盟(meng)也(ye)。鲁(lu)、宋(song)俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)微人,宿(su)君(jun)(jun)(jun)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)与(yu),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)亦大(da)夫盟(meng)也(ye)。盟(meng)、祷(dao)虽异,俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)告(gao)(gao)神(shen)。荀偃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祷(dao),先称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming),知(zhi)大(da)夫聚盟(meng)亦各称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming),臣盟(meng)既称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming),则君(jun)(jun)(jun)薨得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)赴。宿(su)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu),宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)赴鲁(lu)。今宿(su)男(nan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)名(ming)(ming),自不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)赴,非(fei)(fei)法(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)引僖(xi)二十(shi)三年传例以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言其(qi)赴不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming),虽知(zhi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)书也(ye)。“诸(zhu)(zhu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)盟(meng)而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)赴鲁(lu)”,注云(yun):“大(da)夫盟(meng)於(wu)(wu)某者(zhe)(zhe),义(yi)皆(jie)(jie)出此(ci)。”卫冀隆难杜(du)(du)云(yun):“周人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)事(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen),臣子何(he)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)告(gao)(gao)神(shen)?又(you)荀偃祷(dao)河,一时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)耳(er),非(fei)(fei)正(zheng)礼(li)也(ye),何(he)得(de)知(zhi)大(da)夫盟(meng)先称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)乎(hu)?”杜(du)(du)必(bi)为此(ci)解者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)事(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen),谓讳(hui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)神(shen),若祭(ji)祖而讳(hui)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)。山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)尊於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),故(gu)(gu)《尚书·武成》告(gao)(gao)名(ming)(ming)山川(chuan),云(yun)“有(you)道周王发(fa)(fa)”,则荀偃祷(dao)河自称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming),於(wu)(wu)理何(he)怪?杜(du)(du)云(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)例或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)”,若七(qi)年“滕侯(hou)卒(zu)”,传曰:“凡诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)同(tong)盟(meng),於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)(ming)。”及(ji)(ji)(ji)桓二年“公(gong)(gong)(gong)至自唐”,凡公(gong)(gong)(gong)行,告(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)宗庙,是(shi)(shi)“或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)。宣(xuan)四年“凡弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)”,及(ji)(ji)(ji)僖(xi)二十(shi)六年“凡师能左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,是(shi)(shi)“或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)”也(ye)。云(yun)“因宜(yi)(yi)有(you)所异同(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe),宣(xuan)四年“郑(zheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子归生弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)”,嫌(xian)(xian)归生无罪,及(ji)(ji)(ji)宣(xuan)五年“高固来逆叔姬(ji)”,嫌(xian)(xian)“见逼(bi)成昏”,故(gu)(gu)传因以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)“亦或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)丘(qiu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)所得(de)记注本(ben)末不(bu)(bu)(bu)能皆(jie)(jie)备”者(zhe)(zhe),但杜(du)(du)又(you)自疑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为诸(zhu)(zhu)例皆(jie)(jie)应从始事(shi)(shi)(shi)而发(fa)(fa),在(zai)后(hou)(hou)发(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记注周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旧(jiu)凡不(bu)(bu)(bu)系於(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi),系於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)事(shi)(shi)(shi),丘(qiu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)作传因记注所系,遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如杜(du)(du)此(ci)言,则周公(gong)(gong)(gong)旧(jiu)凡於(wu)(wu)记注之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,散在(zai)诸(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。丘(qiu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)作传,因记注之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文发(fa)(fa)例,故(gu)(gu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)先或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)也(ye)。
秋(qiu),七月(yue),庚午,宋公、齐侯(hou)、卫侯(hou)盟于瓦(wa)屋。齐侯(hou)尊宋,使主(zhu)会,故(gu)宋公序齐上。瓦(wa)屋,周地。
[疏]注“齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)”至(zhi)“周地”。正义曰:《春秋(qiu)》之例,国以(yi)大小为序。《外传·郑语》云(yun):“齐(qi)庄、僖於是乎小伯。”此齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)即僖公也。此盟平(ping)宋(song)(song)、卫也。齐(qi)为会主,则齐(qi)宜在上。今宋(song)(song)在齐(qi)上,故(gu)特(te)解(jie)之,由(you)宋(song)(song)敬齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)与卫先遇,故(gu)齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)尊宋(song)(song)使为会主。瓦(wa)屋(wu)(wu)既(ji)阙,知(zhi)是周地者,以(yi)其会于(yu)(yu)温,盟于(yu)(yu)瓦(wa)屋(wu)(wu),会、盟不得相远,温是周地,知(zhi)瓦(wa)屋(wu)(wu)亦(yi)周地也。
八月(yue),葬(zang)蔡宣公。无传。三(san)月(yue)而葬(zang),速(su)。
九月辛卯,公及莒人盟于浮来。莒人,微者,不嫌敌公侯,故直称公,例在僖二十九年。浮来,纪邑。东莞县北有邳乡,邳乡西有公来山,号曰邳来间。
○邳,蒲悲反。间如字。
[疏]注“莒人”至“来间”。
○正义曰(yue):僖二十九年公会(hui)(hui)王子虎及诸侯之卿,盟(meng)于翟泉,没“公”不言,贬卿称(cheng)“人(ren)”,直言会(hui)(hui)某人(ren)某人(ren)。传曰(yue):“卿不书,罪之也。在礼(li),卿不会(hui)(hui)公侯,会(hui)(hui)伯(bo)子男可也。”此莒人(ren)乃对(dui)会(hui)(hui)公侯,故解之,莒是小国,卿当称(cheng)“人(ren)”,非贬辞也。微者不嫌能敌(di)公侯,故直称(cheng)公也。
螟。无传。为灾。
冬,十有二月,无骇卒。公不与小敛,故不书日。卒而后赐族,故不书氏。
○敛,力验反。
【传】八(ba)年春,齐侯将(jiang)平(ping)宋(song)(song)、卫(wei),(平(ping)宋(song)(song)、卫(wei)於郑。)有会(hui)期。宋(song)(song)公以币请(qing)於卫(wei),请(qing)先相见,(宋(song)(song)敬齐命。)卫(wei)侯许(xu)之(zhi),故遇于犬(quan)丘(qiu)。(犬(quan)丘(qiu),垂也。地有两名。)
[疏]注“犬丘”至“两名”。
○正义曰:地有两名(ming),新旧改易者(zhe),传则(ze)(ze)言(yan)实以(yi)明之。若二(er)名(ming)俱存(cun)者(zhe),传则(ze)(ze)错(cuo)经以(yi)见(jian)之。此犬(quan)丘与垂两名(ming)俱存(cun),故传不言(yan)实。《释例(li)》曰:“若一地二(er)名(ming),当时(shi)并存(cun),则(ze)(ze)直两文互见(jian),黑(hei)壤、犬(quan)丘、时(shi)来之属是也(ye)。犹卿大夫(fu)名(ming)氏互见(jian),非例(li)也(ye)。”
郑伯请释泰山之祀而祀周公,以泰山之祊易许田。三月,郑伯使宛来归祊,不祀泰山也。成王营王城,有迁都之志,故赐周公许田,以为鲁国朝宿之邑,后世因而立周公别庙焉。郑桓公,周宣王之母弟,封郑,有助祭泰山汤沐之邑在祊。郑以天子不能复巡狩,故欲以祊易许田,各从本国所近之宜。恐鲁以周公别庙为疑,故云巳废泰山之祀,而欲为鲁祀周公,孙辞以有求也。许田,近许之田。
○泰(tai)山(shan),如字,东岳。能复(fu),扶又反(fan)。守,手又反(fan)。近,附近之近,下同(tong),又如字。欲为(wei),于(yu)伪反(fan),下为(wei)鲁同(tong)。
[疏]注“成王”至“之田”。
○正义曰:成王(wang)(wang)营邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)洛,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)居(ju)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,贡赋路均(jun),将於(wu)洛邑(yi)(yi)(yi)受朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)近(jin)於(wu)王(wang)(wang)城,故赐周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。《诗·鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)颂》曰:“居(ju)常(chang)与许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),复周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宇。”是周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)何(he)?鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)请易许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)求(qiu)(qiu)祀(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故知后世因在许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)立(li)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)别(bie)庙焉。郑(zheng)(zheng)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟,故於(wu)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下亦受祊(beng)田(tian)(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)汤沐(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。祊(beng)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)内亦有郑(zheng)(zheng)先君(jun)别(bie)庙。此时周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)室既(ji)衰(shuai),王(wang)(wang)不(bu)巡守。郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)子不(bu)复巡守,则(ze)(ze)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)既(ji)废(fei)(fei),祊(beng)无(wu)所(suo)用,故欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祊(beng)易许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)近(jin)郑(zheng)(zheng),祊(beng)田(tian)(tian)(tian)近(jin)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),各从(cong)(cong)本国所(suo)近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)奉(feng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si),易其(qi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)则(ze)(ze)废(fei)(fei)其(qi)祀(si)(si)。恐(kong)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)别(bie)庙为(wei)(wei)疑,虑将不(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),云(yun)巳废(fei)(fei)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si),而(er)欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)祀(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。言(yan)郑(zheng)(zheng)得(de)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)不(bu)绝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)巳废(fei)(fei)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)者(zhe),谓天(tian)(tian)子不(bu)复巡守,郑(zheng)(zheng)家巳废(fei)(fei)此助(zhu)祭泰(tai)(tai)山(shan)祭祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,无(wu)所(suo)祭祀(si)(si),故欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)祀(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。其(qi)实废(fei)(fei)来(lai)巳久,今始云(yun)巳废(fei)(fei)者(zhe),欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)祀(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故云(yun)巳废(fei)(fei)耳(er)。方便(bian)逊辞(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)於(wu)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定四年祝佗言(yan)康叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受分物云(yun):“取(qu)於(wu)有阎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共王(wang)(wang)职(zhi),取(qu)於(wu)相土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)都(dou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)蒐。”有阎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu),犹鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。相土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)都(dou),犹郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祊(beng)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)近(jin)京(jing)师(shi),无(wu)假朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)近(jin)泰(tai)(tai)山(shan),不(bu)须汤沐(mu)。各受其(qi)一。卫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)路并远,故两(liang)皆(jie)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《礼记·王(wang)(wang)制》曰:“方伯为(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)(tian)子,皆(jie)有汤沐(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)县内。”然则(ze)(ze)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)亦名(ming)(ming)(ming)汤沐(mu)。但向京(jing)师(shi),主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)(wang)。从(cong)(cong)王(wang)(wang)巡守,主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)助(zhu)祭。祭必沐(mu)浴,随事立(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤沐(mu),亦互言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。《异义》:《左氏》说诸侯(hou)有大功德,乃有朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤沐(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi);《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》说以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou)皆(jie)有朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤沐(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)慎以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》为(wei)(wei)非,则(ze)(ze)杜(du)意亦从(cong)(cong)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)慎也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“此鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),则(ze)(ze)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)?讳取(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。讳取(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)则(ze)(ze)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)?系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。曷(he)为(wei)(wei)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)?近(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)言(yan)近(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian),是用《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》为(wei)(wei)说。杜(du)依公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)实近(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。刘君(jun)更(geng)无(wu)所(suo)冯,直云(yun)别(bie)有许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)邑(yi)(yi)(yi),邑(yi)(yi)(yi)自名(ming)(ming)(ming)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),非由近(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),国始名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)规杜(du)氏,非其(qi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
夏,虢公忌父始作卿士于周。周人於此遂畀之政。
○畀,必二反。
四月,甲辰,郑公子忽如陈逆妇妫。辛亥,以妫氏归。甲寅,入于郑。陈针子送女,先配而后祖。针子曰:“是不为夫妇,诬其祖矣。非礼也,何以能育?”针子,陈大夫。礼,逆妇必先告祖庙而后行。故楚公子围称告庄、共之庙。郑忽先逆归而后告庙,故曰“先配而后祖”。
○针,其(qi)廉反(fan)。诬,亡符(fu)反(fan)。共音恭(gong),本亦(yi)作恭(gong)。
[疏]注“针(zhen)子”至“后(hou)(hou)(hou)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”。正义曰:先(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)多有(you)异说,贾逵以“配(pei)(pei)(pei)”为(wei)“成夫妇”也(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)》:齐而(er)未配(pei)(pei)(pei),三月(yue)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)见(jian)(jian),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)配(pei)(pei)(pei)。案《昏礼(li)(li)》:亲迎之(zhi)(zhi)夜,衽席(xi)相连。是士(shi)礼(li)(li)不(bu)待三月(yue)也(ye)(ye)。禹娶涂山,四日即(ji)去(qu)(qu),而(er)有(you)启生焉,亦(yi)不(bu)三月(yue)乃(nai)配(pei)(pei)(pei),是贾之(zhi)(zhi)谬也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)众以配(pei)(pei)(pei)为(wei)同牢食也(ye)(ye),先(xian)食而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)祭(ji)(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),无(wu)敬神之(zhi)(zhi)心,故曰“诬其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)”。案《昏礼(li)(li)》:妇既(ji)入门,即(ji)设同牢之(zhi)(zhi)馔。其(qi)间无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)事。先(xian)祭(ji)(ji)乃(nai)食,《礼(li)(li)》无(wu)此文,是郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)妄也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄以祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)軷道之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye),先(xian)为(wei)配(pei)(pei)(pei)匹而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)道,言(yan)未去(qu)(qu)而(er)行(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)。案传既(ji)言(yan)“入于郑(zheng)”,乃(nai)云(yun)(yun)“先(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”,宁是未去(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)?若未去(qu)(qu)先(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei),则针(zhen)子在(zai)陈(chen)讥之(zhi)(zhi),何须(xu)云(yun)(yun)送女也(ye)(ye)?此三说皆滞。故杜引楚公子围(wei)告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)事,言(yan)“郑(zheng)忽(hu)(hu)(hu)先(xian)逆(ni)妇而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),故曰先(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”。此时忽(hu)(hu)(hu)父(fu)见(jian)(jian)在(zai),计告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)以否,当是庄(zhuang)公之(zhi)(zhi)事,而(er)讥忽(hu)(hu)(hu)者(zhe),楚公子围(wei)亦(yi)人臣矣,而(er)自布(bu)几(ji)筵,告(gao)於(wu)庄(zhuang)共之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),不(bu)言(yan)禀君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)。知(zhi)逆(ni)者(zhe)虽受父(fu)命(ming),当自告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。且忽(hu)(hu)(hu)先(xian)为(wei)配(pei)(pei)(pei)匹而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)告(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),见(jian)(jian)其(qi)告(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)方始(shi)讥之(zhi)(zhi),知(zhi)忽(hu)(hu)(hu)自告(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。或(huo)可郑(zheng)伯为(wei)忽(hu)(hu)(hu)娶妻,先(xian)逆(ni)而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),针(zhen)子见(jian)(jian)而(er)讥之(zhi)(zhi)。公子围(wei)告(gao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe),专权自由耳,非正也(ye)(ye)。
齐人卒平宋、卫于郑。秋,会于温,盟于瓦屋,以释东门之役,礼也。会温不书,不以告也。定国息民,故曰礼也。平宋、卫二国,忿郑之谋。郑不与盟,故不书。
○与音预。
八月,丙戌,郑伯以齐人朝王,礼也。言郑伯不以虢公得政而背王,故礼之。齐称人,略从国辞。上有七月庚午,下有九月辛卯,则八月不得有丙戌。
○背音佩。
[疏]注“言郑”至“丙戌”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:庚午(wu)之后十(shi)六(liu)(liu)日(ri)(ri)而有(you)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu),二(er)(er)十(shi)一日(ri)(ri)而有(you)辛(xin)卯。七月(yue)(yue)有(you)庚午(wu),九月(yue)(yue)有(you)辛(xin)卯,其(qi)(qi)间不容(rong)一月(yue)(yue),是(shi)(shi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)不得有(you)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu)。更(geng)遥一周,则(ze)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu)去庚午(wu)七十(shi)七日(ri)(ri),八(ba)月(yue)(yue)亦不得有(you)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu),是(shi)(shi)明丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu)为(wei)日(ri)(ri)误(wu)(wu)。《长历》推七月(yue)(yue)丁(ding)卯朔,四(si)日(ri)(ri)庚午(wu),至二(er)(er)十(shi)日(ri)(ri)是(shi)(shi)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu),九月(yue)(yue)丙(bing)(bing)寅(yin)朔,二(er)(er)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)日(ri)(ri)辛(xin)卯,其(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)一日(ri)(ri)是(shi)(shi)丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu)。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)小,丁(ding)酉朔,十(shi)日(ri)(ri)丙(bing)(bing)午(wu),二(er)(er)十(shi)日(ri)(ri)丙(bing)(bing)辰,二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)戊戌(xu),十(shi)四(si)日(ri)(ri)庚戌(xu),二(er)(er)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)日(ri)(ri)壬戌(xu)。未知丙(bing)(bing)戌(xu)二(er)(er)字孰为(wei)误(wu)(wu)也(ye)。不直(zhi)云日(ri)(ri)误(wu)(wu),而检上下者,因(yin)传明文,故显言之。他皆放此。
公及莒人盟于浮来,以成纪好也。二年,纪、莒盟于密,为鲁故。今公寻之,故曰以成纪好。
○好,呼报反,下同(tong)。
冬(dong),齐侯(hou)使(shi)(shi)来(lai),告成三国(guo)。齐侯(hou)冬(dong)来(lai)告,称秋和三国(guo)。公使(shi)(shi)众仲对曰(yue):“君(jun)释三国(guo)之(zhi)图,以鸠其民,君(jun)之(zhi)惠也。寡君(jun)闻(wen)命(ming)矣,敢不承受君(jun)之(zhi)明德。”鸠,集也。
无骇卒,羽父请谥与族。公问族於众仲。众仲对曰:“天子建德,立有德以为诸侯。因生以赐姓,因其所由生以赐姓,谓若舜由妫汭,故陈为妫姓。
○汭,如锐(rui)反。
[疏]注“因其”至“妫姓”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《陈(chen)世(shi)家》云:陈(chen)胡(hu)公满(man)(man)者,虞(yu)帝(di)舜(shun)(shun)之(zhi)后也。昔舜(shun)(shun)为庶人时,居于妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)汭,其后因为氏(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),姓(xing)(xing)(xing)妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)氏(shi)。武王克殷,得(de)妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)满(man)(man),封之(zhi)於陈(chen)。是舜(shun)(shun)由妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)汭,故陈(chen)为妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也。案《世(shi)本(ben)》:帝(di)舜(shun)(shun)姚(yao)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。哀(ai)元年传称虞(yu)思妻少康以(yi)二姚(yao)。是自舜(shun)(shun)以(yi)下犹姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姚(yao)也。昭八年传曰:“及(ji)胡(hu)公不淫,故周赐之(zhi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。”是胡(hu)公始姓(xing)(xing)(xing)妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)耳。《史记》以(yi)为胡(hu)公之(zhi)前(qian)巳(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)妫(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),非也。
胙之土而命之氏。报之以土而命氏曰陈。
○胙,才故反,报(bao)也。
[疏]注“报之”至“曰陈”。
○正义曰(yue):胙训报(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)必有(you)(you)美报(bao)。报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu),谓(wei)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)名,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)国(guo)(guo)名是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周语》曰(yue):帝(di)(di)(di)(di)嘉禹(yu)德(de),“赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)姒,氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)有(you)(you)夏”。“胙四岳国(guo)(guo)”,“赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)姜,氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)有(you)(you)吕”。亦与赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)妫,命(ming)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)陈,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),生也(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu),令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相生,虽下及(ji)百世(shi),而(er)(er)(er)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改。族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),属(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),与其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子孙共相连属(shu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旁(pang)支别(bie)(bie)(bie)属(shu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)各自(zi)(zi)立(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。《礼记·大传》曰(yue):“系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)弗别(bie)(bie)(bie)”,“百世(shi)而(er)(er)(er)昏姻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周道然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)(yan)子孙当共姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上文云(yun)(yun):“庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)(bie)(bie)於(wu)上,而(er)(er)(er)戚单於(wu)下。”是言(yan)(yan)子孙当别(bie)(bie)(bie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)犹(you)家(jia)(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。传称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“盟(meng)于子晳氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“逐狗入於(wu)华(hua)臣(chen)(chen)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)家(jia)(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)一也(ye)(ye)(ye),所从言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异耳。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“别(bie)(bie)(bie)而(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),合(he)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。”例言(yan)(yan)别(bie)(bie)(bie)合(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华(hua)元、华(hua)喜皆(jie)(jie)(jie)出戴公(gong),向、鱼、鳞、荡共出桓公(gong)。独举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren),则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)华(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、向氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);并指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗,则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)戴族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、桓族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),是其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《记》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),高祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),亦氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)天(tian)子,族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)禀(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)时君。天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广,兆民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong),非君所赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各从父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),非复人(ren)(ren)入赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋(jin)语》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子二十(shi)五人(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)二人(ren)(ren)”。天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),况馀人(ren)(ren)哉,固(gu)当从其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父耳。黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,兄弟(di)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子孙皆(jie)(jie)(jie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),质文代革。周代尚文,欲令(ling)子孙相亲,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)(shi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦少,唯外姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)妫满之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)耳。赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)(you)大功德(de),宜世(shi)享祀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),方始(shi)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。无(wu)(wu)大功德(de),任其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兴(xing)衰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),盖(gai)(gai)亦自(zi)(zi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)字。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)旧(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)可称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)世(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禄,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。众(zhong)仲以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)子得封建诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,故云(yun)(yun)胙土(tu)(tu)命(ming)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),据诸(zhu)(zhu)侯言(yan)(yan)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)朝大夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)封为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)君者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦当王(wang)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)?春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),有(you)(you)尹氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、武氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu),明亦天(tian)子赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen),义无(wu)(wu)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)无(wu)(wu)骇(hai)是卿(qing)(qing)(qing),羽父为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),盖(gai)(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)乃赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),大夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)下或不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen),卿(qing)(qing)(qing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)极(ji)。既登极(ji)位,理合(he)建家(jia)(jia)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父祖(zu)(zu)微贱,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)新升为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位绝(jue)等伦,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复因。故身未(wei)(wei)被赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),无(wu)(wu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)可称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。鲁(lu)挟(xie)、郑宛,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)未(wei)(wei)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故单称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或身以(yi)(yi)(yi)才举(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)升卿(qing)(qing)(qing)位,功德(de)犹(you)薄,未(wei)(wei)足(zu)立(li)家(jia)(jia),则(ze)(ze)(ze)虽为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),羽父为(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)骇(hai)请族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)由时命(ming),非例得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。华(hua)督生立(li)华(hua)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恐虑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得,故早求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。由此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan),明有(you)(you)竟(jing)无(wu)(wu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翚、挟(xie)、柔、溺,名见於(wu)经而(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)无(wu)(wu)闻,是或不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帑,处秦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)刘氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。伍(wu)员之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,在齐(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)孙氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。《外传》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)果(guo)知(zhi)知(zhi)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)灭(mie),自(zi)(zi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)辅氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是身自(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非复君赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“子孙繁衍(yan),枝(zhi)布叶(ye)分,始(shi)承其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本,末(mo)取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)别(bie)(bie)(bie),故其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流至於(wu)百姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)万(wan)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)百姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)万(wan)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),未(wei)(wei)必皆(jie)(jie)(jie)君赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋(jin)语》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姜,则(ze)(ze)(ze)伯(bo)夷(yi)炎帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。姜自(zi)(zi)是其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)姜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),别(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非一,自(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)姜姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)伯(bo)夷(yi),更使(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)耳,非复因旧(jiu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。犹(you)后(hou)稷别(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是因黄帝(di)(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
诸侯(hou)以(yi)字,诸侯(hou)位卑,不得(de)赐姓,故(gu)其臣因(yin)氏其王父字。为谥(shi),因(yin)以(yi)为族。或便即先人(ren)之谥(shi)称以(yi)为族。
[疏]“诸侯”至“为族”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):杜(du)意(yi)“诸侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,言(yan)赐(ci)先人(ren)(ren)(ren)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“为(wei)(wei)(wei)谥(shi),因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”,谓赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)虽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),或(huo)用先人(ren)(ren)(ren)所为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi),因(yin)将为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谥(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),卫齐(qi)恶(e)、宋(song)戴(dai)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而刘(liu)(liu)君(jun)(jun)乃称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谥(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),全无(wu)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,妄(wang)规杜(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),非其(qi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。死(si)(si)(si)后赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),乃是(shi)正(zheng)法。春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)非礼,生(sheng)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),华督(du)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“旧说以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大夫有(you)(you)(you)(you)功德者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)生(sheng)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至於郑(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)仲(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)封人(ren)(ren)(ren),后升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿,经书‘祭(ji)仲(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),检(jian)传既(ji)无(wu)同(tong)华氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,则(ze)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)仲(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”诸侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)等(deng)。《檀弓》曰(yue):“幼名(ming)冠字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),五十(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)仲(zhong),周道(dao)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”则(ze)二(er)十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)加冠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),又有(you)(you)(you)(you)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)仲(zhong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)季(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。服虔云(yun):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)弟则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)幼为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),贵(gui)適(shi)统(tong),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、仲(zhong)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)季(ji)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庶公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),尊(zun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),展(zhan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、臧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案郑(zheng)(zheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟。桓十(shi)四年,郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)使其(qi)弟语来盟,即其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而其(qi)后为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)服言(yan)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)弟以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)幼为(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”,其(qi)事(shi)未(wei)必(bi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庆父(fu)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)与(yu)(yu)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)异母(mu),自(zi)(zi)然仲(zhong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)非母(mu)弟族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)矣。其(qi)或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),盖(gai)出(chu)自(zi)(zi)时(shi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)肸(xi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),而三桓皆称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),俱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。臧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),展(zhan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),俱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)与(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),盖(gai)出(chu)其(qi)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),未(wei)必(bi)由君(jun)(jun)赐(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、系(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常言(yan),非族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)或(huo)贬责,则(ze)亦(yi)(yi)与(yu)(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)。成十(shi)四年“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)侨如(ru)如(ru)齐(qi)逆女”,传曰(yue):“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),尊(zun)君(jun)(jun)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。侨如(ru)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)妇姜氏(shi)(shi)(shi)至自(zi)(zi)齐(qi)”,传曰(yue):“舍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),尊(zun)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宣元年“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂(sui)如(ru)齐(qi)逆女”,“遂(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)至”,事(shi)与(yu)(yu)侨如(ru)正(zheng)同(tong),其(qi)传直云(yun)“尊(zun)君(jun)(jun)命(ming)(ming)”、“尊(zun)夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)”,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”、“舍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”。既(ji)非氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)不(bu)(bu)待君(jun)(jun)赐(ci),自(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。至於公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)复得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),如(ru)无(wu)骇(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈(bei)直以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)行,及(ji)其(qi)死(si)(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)则(ze)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)王(wang)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此无(wu)骇(hai)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)必(bi)须有(you)(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)据曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文,言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)父(fu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耳(er)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),正(zheng)法,死(si)(si)(si)后赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)未(wei)死(si)(si)(si)则(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)得臣是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun),於身必(bi)无(wu)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。经书季(ji)友(you)、仲(zhong)遂(sui)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)肸(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配名(ming)连言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)杜(du)注并云(yun)“字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。其(qi)荡伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)荡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi),不(bu)(bu)可言(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬,故(gu)系(xi)於夫字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),言(yan)荡伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬。荡非当时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)传云(yun)立叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、臧僖(xi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、臧哀伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)戴(dai)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,皆传家据后追言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。其(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孟彄,《世(shi)本》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)灵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孟,名(ming)彄,与(yu)(yu)季(ji)友(you)、仲(zhong)遂(sui)相似,俱以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配名(ming)。刘(liu)(liu)炫不(bu)(bu)达此旨,妄(wang)规杜(du)过(guo),非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)如(ru)刘(liu)(liu)解,生(sheng)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文证在何处?其(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)玄孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外,爰及(ji)异姓,有(you)(you)(you)(you)新升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿,君(jun)(jun)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)即为(wei)(wei)(wei)此族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。案《世(shi)本》宋(song)督(du)是(shi)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)好父(fu)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),华父(fu)是(shi)督(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),计督(du)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耳(er),未(wei)合(he)赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),应死(si)(si)(si)后其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)杜(du)云(yun):“督(du)未(wei)死(si)(si)(si)而赐(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),督(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妄(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”沈亦(yi)(yi)云(yun):“督(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方(fang)可有(you)(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)耳(er)。”
官有世功,则有官族,邑亦如之。”谓取其旧官旧邑之称以为族,皆禀之时君。
○称,尺证反。
[疏(shu)]注“谓取”至“时(shi)(shi)君(jun)”。正义曰:旧官谓若(ruo)晋之士(shi)氏(shi),旧邑若(ruo)韩、魏、赵氏(shi),非是(shi)君(jun)赐,则不(bu)得为(wei)族。嫌其居官邑不(bu)待公(gong)命,故云“皆禀之时(shi)(shi)君(jun)”。此(ci)谓同姓异(yi)(yi)姓皆然也。服(fu)虔(qian)止(zhi)谓异(yi)(yi)姓,又(you)引宋司(si)城(cheng)韩魏为(wei)证。韩与司(si)城(cheng)非异(yi)(yi)姓,司(si)城(cheng)又(you)自为(wei)乐氏(shi),不(bu)以司(si)城(cheng)为(wei)族也。
公(gong)命(ming)以字为展(zhan)氏(shi)。诸侯(hou)之子称公(gong)子,公(gong)子之子称公(gong)孙,公(gong)孙之子以王父(fu)字为氏(shi)。无(wu)骇,公(gong)子展(zhan)之孙,故为展(zhan)氏(shi)。
【经】九年,春(chun),天王(wang)使南季(ji)(ji)来聘。(无传。南季(ji)(ji),天子(zi)大(da)夫也。南,氏(shi);季(ji)(ji),字也。)
三月癸酉,大雨震电。庚辰,大雨雪。三月,今正月。
○电,徒练(lian)反(fan)。雨(yu)雪(xue),于付反(fan),传同。
[疏]“大雨震电”。
○正义曰:《说文》云:“震,劈历震物者。”“电,阴阳激曜也。”《河图》云:“阴阳相薄为雷,阴激阳为电。”然则震是雷之劈历,电是雷光。僖十五年“震夷伯之庙”,是劈历破之。雷之甚者为震。故何休云:“震,雷也。”
○“大雨雪”。
○正义曰(yue):《说(shuo)文(wen)》云(yun):“雨(yu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)从云(yun)下也。”然则雨(yu)者(zhe),天(tian)上(shang)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)名。既见雨(yu)从天(tian)下,自(zi)(zi)上(shang)下者(zhe)因即以(yi)雨(yu)言(yan)之(zhi)。雨(yu)螽亦称为(wei)雨(yu),故下雪(xue)(xue)(xue)称“雨(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)”也。平原出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),直书大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui);“平地尺为(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)”,不(bu)直书大(da)(da)(da)(da)雪(xue)(xue)(xue),而(er)云(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)雨(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)”者(zhe),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)则从天(tian)入地,出(chu)地乃为(wei)多(duo),见其在地之(zhi)多(duo),言(yan)其出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da),故不(bu)言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。雪(xue)(xue)(xue)则自(zi)(zi)天(tian)而(er)下,下即委(wei)之(zhi)於地,见其自(zi)(zi)上(shang)而(er)下,言(yan)其下雪(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)多(duo),故言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)雨(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)则俯视,雪(xue)(xue)(xue)则仰观,故立(li)文(wen)有异。其大(da)(da)(da)(da)雨(yu)雹(bao)亦与雪(xue)(xue)(xue)同。
挟(xie)卒(zu)。无传。挟(xie),鲁(lu)大夫,未赐族。
夏,城郎。
秋,七月。冬,公会齐侯于防。防,鲁地,在琅邪县东南。
○华,户化反。
【传】九年,春,王三月,“癸酉,大雨霖以震”。书,始也。(书癸酉,始始雨日。
○霖(lin)(lin)音(yin)林,《尔(er)雅》云(yun):“久雨(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)淫,淫雨(yu)(yu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)霖(lin)(lin)。”)“庚辰,大(da)雨(yu)(yu)雪(xue)”,亦如之(zhi)。书(shu),时失也(ye)。(夏之(zhi)正(zheng)月,微阳始出(chu),未(wei)可震(zhen)电;既(ji)震(zhen)电,又不当(dang)大(da)雨(yu)(yu)雪(xue),故皆为时失。)凡(fan)雨(yu)(yu),自(zi)三日(ri)以往为霖(lin)(lin)。(此解经(jing)书(shu)霖(lin)(lin)也(ye)。而经(jing)无(wu)霖(lin)(lin)字,经(jing)误。)
[疏]注“此解”至“经误”。
○正义曰:传(chuan)(chuan)发(fa)凡以(yi)解经(jing),若经(jing)无“霖”字,则(ze)传(chuan)(chuan)无由(you)发(fa),故知经(jing)误。然则(ze)经(jing)当如传(chuan)(chuan)言“大(da)(da)雨霖以(yi)震(zhen)”,不当云“大(da)(da)雨震(zhen)电(dian)”。是经(jing)脱“霖以(yi)”二字,而妄加“电(dian)”也。
平地尺为大雪。
“夏,城郎”。书,不时也。
宋公不王。不共王职。
○共音恭,本亦作供。郑伯为王左卿士,以(yi)(yi)(yi)王命(ming)讨之(zhi),伐(fa)宋(song)。宋(song)以(yi)(yi)(yi)入郛之(zhi)役怨公(gong),不(bu)(bu)告命(ming)。入郛在五年,公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)七年伐(fa)邾,欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)说宋(song),而宋(song)犹不(bu)(bu)和也。公(gong)怒,绝宋(song)使。
秋,郑人以王命来告伐(fa)宋。遣使致王命也。伐(fa)宋未得志,故复(fu)往告之。
冬,公会齐侯于(yu)防,谋伐宋也。
北戎侵郑。郑伯御之,患戎师,曰:“彼徒我车,惧其侵轶我也。”徒,步兵也。轶,突也。
○轶,直结反,又音逸。公子突曰:“使勇而无刚者尝寇而速去之。公子突,郑厉公也。尝,试也。勇则能往,无刚不耻退。君为三覆以待之。覆,伏兵也。戎轻而不整,贪而无亲,胜不相让,败不相救。先者见获,必务进;进而遇覆,必速奔;后者不救,则无继矣。乃可以逞。”逞,解也。
○轻(qing),遣政反(fan)。逞,敕领反(fan)。解音(yin)蟹(xie),或(huo)佳(jia)买反(fan)。
[疏]“先者”至“以逞”。
○正(zheng)义曰:尝寇(kou)速去,知戎必(bi)(bi)逐(zhu)之。逐(zhu)其(qi)(qi)去者(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)(bi)有所获(huo)。获(huo)谓(wei)(wei)获(huo)郑人也(ye)(ye)。在先(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)见逐(zhu)有所获(huo),不(bu)复顾后(hou),必(bi)(bi)务在速进(jin)。谓(wei)(wei)弃其(qi)(qi)后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe),独自(zi)先(xian)进(jin)。进(jin)而遇覆,必(bi)(bi)速回奔走(zou)。后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)救(jiu),则(ze)(ze)是无继(ji)续矣。无继(ji)则(ze)(ze)易败,如是乃可(ke)以(yi)解(jie)患。服(fu)虔云(yun):“先(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)见获(huo),言必(bi)(bi)不(bu)往(wang)相救(jiu),各自(zi)务进(jin),言其(qi)(qi)贪利也(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)言见获(huo)者(zhe)(zhe),当谓(wei)(wei)戎被(bei)郑获(huo)也(ye)(ye)。郑人速去以(yi)诱之,安得获(huo)戎也(ye)(ye)?在先(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)已被(bei)郑获(huo),重进(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)将(jiang)复为(wei)虏(lu),各自(zi)务进(jin),欲(yu)何(he)所贪,而云(yun)贪利也(ye)(ye)?此则(ze)(ze)不(bu)言可(ke)解(jie),无故(gu)以(yi)解(jie)乱之。
从之。戎人之前遇覆者奔,祝聃逐之。祝聃,郑大夫。
○聃,乃甘反,一音士甘反。衷戎师,前后击之,尽殪。为三部伏兵,祝聃帅勇而无刚者先犯戎而速奔,以遇二伏兵,至后伏兵起,戎还走,祝聃反逐之。戎前后及中三处受敌,故曰衷戎师。殪,死也。
○衷,丁仲反(fan)(fan),又音忠。殪(yi),於计反(fan)(fan)。处,昌虑反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“为三”至“死也”。
○正义曰:“前后(hou)及(ji)中三(san)(san)处受敌(di)”者,前谓(wei)第(di)一伏逆其前也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)谓(wei)祝聃与(yu)后(hou)伏逐其后(hou)也(ye)(ye),中谓(wei)第(di)二伏击其中也(ye)(ye)。“衷戎师”者,谓(wei)戎师在(zai)三(san)(san)伏之中。“殪,死也(ye)(ye)”,《释诂》文。
戎师大奔。后驻军不复继也。
○驻,丁住反。十一月甲寅,郑人大败戎师。此皆春秋时事,虽经无正文,所谓必广记而备言之,将令学者原始要终,寻其枝叶,究其所穷。他皆放此。
○令(ling),力呈(cheng)反。要,於遥反。
[疏]“十一月”至“戎师”。
○正(zheng)义曰:此即上传(chuan)所说击戎(rong)之(zhi)事。史官得其战状,乃裁(cai)约为(wei)之(zhi)辞。经之(zhi)所陈,皆是此类。既(ji)不书经,故准经为(wei)文以总之(zhi)。
【经】十年,春,王(wang)二月(yue),公会(hui)齐(qi)侯、郑(zheng)伯(bo)于(yu)中丘。(传言正(zheng)月(yue)会(hui),癸丑盟。《释(shi)例》推(tui)经、传日月(yue),癸丑是正(zheng)月(yue)二十六日。知经二月(yue)误。)
夏,翚帅师会齐人、郑人伐宋。公子翚不待公命,而贪会二国之君,疾其专进,故去氏。齐、郑以公不至,故亦更使微者从之伐宋。不言及,明翚专行,非邓之谋也。及例在宣七年。
○去,起吕(lv)反,传同。
[疏(shu)]注(zhu)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)”至“七年(nian)”。正义曰(yue)(yue):传称(cheng)羽父(fu)先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐(qi)侯、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo),是“不(bu)(bu)待(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)”也(ye)。贪(tan)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)二(er)国之君,自求其(qi)(qi)(qi)名,时史(shi)疾(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)专进(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)贬(bian)(bian)去(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)义与(yu)氏同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)氏言(yan)(yan)之。中丘(qiu)之会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),计(ji)(ji)君自亲行(xing),今齐(qi)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)称(cheng)“人(ren)”,是使(shi)微者(zhe)从之也(ye)。於(wu)(wu)例,师出与(yu)谋曰(yue)(yue)“及(ji)”,传称(cheng)盟于(yu)邓为(wei)(wei)“师期”,公(gong)(gong)(gong)既与(yu)谋,计(ji)(ji)当(dang)书“及(ji)”。今乃言(yan)(yan)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”,明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)翚(hui)专行(xing),非(fei)邓之谋。《释(shi)例》曰(yue)(yue):“王命(ming)伐(fa)宋,羽父(fu)不(bu)(bu)匡君以(yi)速进(jin),而先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)二(er)国,自以(yi)为(wei)(wei)名,故(gu)(gu)(gu)贬(bian)(bian)去(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)族。齐(qi)为(wei)(wei)侯伯(bo),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)又(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)王卿士(shi),二(er)君奉王命(ming)以(yi)讨宋。恶羽父(fu)之专进(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)与(yu)微者(zhe)同伐(fa),动而无功,故(gu)(gu)(gu)无成(cheng)败也(ye)。”案(an)四年(nian)翚(hui)“固请(qing)而行(xing)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)贬(bian)(bian)去(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)氏。此直言(yan)(yan)羽父(fu)先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐(qi)侯、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo),无“固请(qing)”之文(wen),亦贬(bian)(bian)之者(zhe)。又(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)豫(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)邾人(ren)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren),以(yi)不(bu)(bu)待(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming),而经(jing)不(bu)(bu)书,此翚(hui)亦不(bu)(bu)待(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)而经(jing)书者(zhe),翚(hui)於(wu)(wu)四年(nian)传称(cheng)“固请(qing)”,明(ming)此“先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”亦“固请(qing)”也(ye)。传於(wu)(wu)四年(nian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)已详(xiang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)此而略耳。豫(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)邾人(ren)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren),本(ben)非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)书;此则(ze)公(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐(qi)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)中丘(qiu),已为(wei)(wei)师期,翚(hui)又(you)(you)请(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),先会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)则(ze)是君命(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)书之。
六月壬戌,公败宋师于菅。齐、郑后期,故公独败宋师。书败宋,未陈也。败例在庄十一年。菅,宋地。
○菅,古顽反。陈(chen),直觐(jin)反。
[疏]注“齐郑”至“宋地”。
○正义曰:案(an)传公(gong)会(hui)齐侯、郑伯于老桃(tao),然后(hou)公(gong)败宋师(shi),则知老桃(tao)之会(hui),谋(mou)与(yu)(yu)宋战。彼与(yu)(yu)公(gong)谋(mou)战,而公(gong)独败宋师(shi),知齐、郑后(hou)期(qi)也。
辛未,取郜。辛巳,取防。郑后至,得郜、防二邑,归功于鲁,故书取,明不用师徒也。济阴城武县东南有郜城。高平昌邑县西南有西防城。
○郜,古报反,《字林》又工竺反。
秋,宋人、卫人入郑。宋人、蔡人、卫人伐戴。郑伯伐取之。三国伐戴,郑伯因其不和,伐而取之。书伐,用师徒也。书取,克之易也。戴国,今陈留外黄县东南有戴城。
○载音再,《字林(lin)》作(zuo)戴(dai),云:故国(guo)在陈留。易,以豉反,传(chuan)同。
[疏]注“三国”至“戴城”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):案传例(li),“克(ke)邑不(bu)用(yong)师徒曰(yue)(yue)取”。然则(ze)“取”者,据克(ke)邑之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)。今此(ci)“克(ke)”得军师亦(yi)称“取”者,但(dan)取者虽据克(ke)邑之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),其(qi)克(ke)得师众而(er)易(yi)者亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)“取”。是(shi)以(yi)庄十一(yi)年(nian)注云:“威(wei)力(li)兼(jian)备,若(ruo)罗(luo)网(wang)所(suo)掩覆(fu),一(yi)军皆见禽制。”若(ruo)非(fei)前敌(di)之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi),何能覆(fu)而(er)取之(zhi)(zhi)?故(gu)(gu)《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue):“如取,如携。”然则(ze)凡言(yan)(yan)“取”者皆易(yi)辞。刘君以(yi)取之(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)易(yi)而(er)规杜氏,非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。沈氏亦(yi)云:“今日围,明日取,故(gu)(gu)知易(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue)(yue):“其(qi)言(yan)(yan)伐(fa)取之(zhi)(zhi)何?易(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)杜所(suo)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)义。《地理志》云:“梁国(guo)(guo)甾县(xian),故(gu)(gu)载国(guo)(guo)。”应劭(shao)曰(yue)(yue):“章帝改曰(yue)(yue)考城(cheng)。”古(gu)者甾、载声相(xiang)近。故(gu)(gu)郑玄《诗》笺读“俶载”为(wei)“炽菑”,是(shi)其(qi)音(yin)大同,故(gu)(gu)汉(han)於(wu)载国(guo)(guo)立甾县(xian),於(wu)晋属(shu)陈留。
冬,十月,壬午(wu),齐(qi)人、郑人、入郕。
【传】十年,春,王正(zheng)月,公(gong)会齐侯、郑伯于中丘(qiu)。癸丑(chou),盟于邓(deng),为师(shi)期。(寻(xun)九(jiu)年会于防,谋伐宋也。公(gong)既(ji)会而盟,盟不书,非后也。盖公(gong)还(hai),告会而不告盟。邓(deng),鲁地(di)。)
[疏]注“寻九”至“鲁地”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):九年(nian)传称会(hui)于防,谋伐宋。未及(ji)伐宋而更(geng)为(wei)此会(hui),为(wei)师伐宋之(zhi)期,知(zhi)是寻防会(hui)也。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“盟(meng)于邓,盟(meng)于荦,盟(meng)于戚,公(gong)既(ji)在会(hui)而不书盟(meng)者(zhe),以理推之(zhi),会(hui)在盟(meng)前,知(zhi)非后盟(meng)也。盖公(gong)还告会(hui)而不告盟(meng)。”
夏,五月,羽父先(xian)会齐侯、郑伯伐宋。言先(xian)会,明(ming)非(fei)公(gong)本期,释翚之去族。
六(liu)月(yue)(yue),戊(wu)(wu)申(shen),公会齐侯、郑(zheng)伯于(yu)老桃。会不书,不告(gao)於庙也。老桃,宋地。六(liu)月(yue)(yue)无戊(wu)(wu)申(shen);戊(wu)(wu)申(shen),五(wu)月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)三(san)日。日误(wu)。
[疏]注“会不”至“日误”。
○正义(yi)曰:六(liu)月(yue)无戊申者(zhe),下有(you)辛巳取防,亦(yi)在六(liu)月(yue)之内。戊申在辛巳之前三(san)十三(san)日,不得共在一月(yue)。上有(you)五(wu)月(yue),今别(bie)言(yan)六(liu)月(yue),知(zhi)日误月(yue)不误。《长历》推六(liu)月(yue)丙辰朔,三(san)日戊午,五(wu)日庚申,未(wei)知(zhi)二者(zhe)孰是。
壬戌,公败宋师于菅。庚午,郑师入郜;辛未,归于我。庚辰,郑师入防;辛巳,归于我。壬戌六月七日,庚午十五日,庚辰二十五日,郑伯后期而公独败宋师,故郑频独进兵以入郜、防。入而不有,命鲁取之,推功上爵,让以自替。不有其实,故经但书鲁取,以成郑志,善之也。君子谓郑庄公於是乎可谓正矣,以王命讨不庭,下之事上,皆成礼於庭中。不贪其土以劳王爵,正之体也。劳者,叙其勤以答之。诸侯相朝,逆之以饔饩,谓之郊劳。鲁侯爵尊,郑伯爵卑,故言以劳王爵。
○劳,力报(bao)反(fan),注同(tong)。饩音许气反(fan)。
[疏]注“劳者”至“王爵”。
○正义曰(yue):《聘礼(li)》:“宾至于近(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),君(jun)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing)朝服,用(yong)(yong)束帛劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。”《觐礼(li)》:“至于郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),王使(shi)(shi)人皮(pi)弁,用(yong)(yong)璧(bi)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。”《周(zhou)礼(li)·司(si)仪》曰(yue):“诸(zhu)公(gong)相(xiang)为宾”,“主君(jun)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”,皆不(bu)言以(yi)(yi)饔(yong)(yong)(yong)饩(xi)(xi)(xi)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。案《礼(li)》,饔(yong)(yong)(yong)饩(xi)(xi)(xi)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)既(ji)相(xiang)见致(zhi)大礼(li),不(bu)应於(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)设之(zhi)。杜意盖以(yi)(yi)孰食曰(yue)饔(yong)(yong)(yong),生牲曰(yue)饩(xi)(xi)(xi)。以(yi)(yi)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)客於(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),必(bi)有(you)牲馔,故亦(yi)饔(yong)(yong)(yong)饩(xi)(xi)(xi)言之(zhi),非谓(wei)大礼(li)之(zhi)饔(yong)(yong)(yong)饩(xi)(xi)(xi)也。劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)礼(li),《大行(xing)人》云:上公(gong)三劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),近(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),一(yi)也;远郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),二也;竟(jing)首劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),三也。侯伯(bo)再劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),去竟(jing)首。子(zi)男一(yi)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),去远郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。凡近(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao),皆君(jun)自(zi)行(xing);远郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)使(shi)(shi)卿(qing);竟(jing)首使(shi)(shi)大夫掌(zhang)客。又(you)云:“上公(gong)五积,皆视飧牵(qian)”,“侯伯(bo)四积”,“子(zi)男三积”。是(shi)(shi)宾入竟(jing)之(zhi)后(hou),有(you)致(zhi)积之(zhi)礼(li)。积虽是(shi)(shi)牵(qian),亦(yi)或(huo)有(you)孰,或(huo)在郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)致(zhi)积,故谓(wei)之(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。沈依(yi)《聘礼(li)》注其郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)远近(jin)(jin),上公(gong)远郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五十(shi)里,侯伯(bo)三十(shi)里,子(zi)男十(shi)里;近(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各半之(zhi)。
蔡人(ren)、卫人(ren)、郕人(ren)不(bu)会(hui)王命。不(bu)伐宋也。
秋,七月,庚寅,郑师入郊。犹在郊,郑师还,驻兵於远郊。宋人、卫人入郑。宋、卫奇兵,承虚入郑。蔡人从之伐戴。从宋、卫伐戴也。八月,壬戌,郑伯围戴。癸亥,克之,取三师焉。三国之军在戴,故郑伯合围之。师者,军旅之通称。
○称,尺证反。
[疏]注“三国”至“通称”。
○正义曰:三(san)(san)国之(zhi)军在戴(dai)(dai)(dai)城下,故(gu)郑伯合围(wei)(wei)之(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)围(wei)(wei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)者(zhe),本意围(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)师(shi),不(bu)(bu)围(wei)(wei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)也。不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)围(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)师(shi)者(zhe),今日围(wei)(wei),明日取,围(wei)(wei)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)。经以(yi)“取”告,不(bu)(bu)以(yi)“围(wei)(wei)”告。三(san)(san)国经皆(jie)称“人”,於(wu)例为(wei)“将卑师(shi)少”。而传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)“三(san)(san)师(shi)”,故(gu)辩之(zhi),“师(shi)者(zhe),军旅之(zhi)通称。”
宋、卫既入郑,而(er)以伐(fa)戴召(zhao)蔡人。伐(fa)戴乃召(zhao)之。蔡人怒(nu),故(gu)不和而(er)败。言郑取(qu)之易(yi)也。
九月(yue),戊寅(yin),郑(zheng)伯入(ru)(ru)宋。报入(ru)(ru)郑(zheng)也。九月(yue)无戊寅(yin)。戊寅(yin),八月(yue)二十四日。
[疏]注“报入”至“四日”。
○正义曰:九月(yue)无戊寅者,经有十月(yue)壬(ren)午,《长历(li)》推壬(ren)午十月(yue)二十九日,戊寅在(zai)壬(ren)午之前四日耳,故九月(yue)不得有戊寅。上有八月(yue),下有冬,则误(wu)在(zai)日也。
冬,齐人、郑人人郕,讨(tao)违王命也。
【经】十有一年,春,滕侯、薛侯来朝。(诸侯相朝,例在文十五年。
○薛,息列反。)
[疏]“十有一年”至“来朝”。
○正(zheng)义曰:“十(shi)(shi)”下言(yan)“有”者(zhe),干宝云:“十(shi)(shi)盈(ying)则更始以奇,从盈(ying)数,故言(yan)有也。”经备文,传从略,故传不言(yan)“有”。桓七年穀伯、邓侯别言(yan)“来朝(chao)”,此(ci)兼言(yan)“来朝(chao)”者(zhe),彼别行(xing)礼,此(ci)同(tong)行(xing)礼。由(you)同(tong)时行(xing)礼,当长(zhang)者(zhe)在先,故争(zheng)之。
夏,公会郑伯于时来。时来,郲也。荥阳县东有釐城,郑地也。
○郲音(yin)来(lai)。釐,音(yin)来(lai);王元规,力之反。
秋,七月,壬午,公及齐侯、郑伯入许。与谋曰及。还使许叔居之,故不言灭也。许,颍川许昌县。
○与音(yin)预(yu)。还音(yin)环(huan)。
[疏]注“与谋”至“昌县”。
○正义曰:“与(yu)谋曰及”,宣七年传例也。传称会于郲,谋伐许。是公(gong)(gong)与(yu)谋也。《谱》云(yun):“许,姜姓,与(yu)齐(qi)同祖(zu),尧四岳,伯夷之后也。周武(wu)王封其苗裔文叔于许,今颍川(chuan)许昌是也。灵公(gong)(gong)徙(xi)叶,悼公(gong)(gong)迁夷,一(yi)名城(cheng)父。又居(ju)析,一(yi)名白羽。许男(nan)斯处容城(cheng)。自文叔至庄公(gong)(gong)十一(yi)世(shi)始见《春秋》。元公(gong)(gong)子(zi)结元年,获(huo)麟之岁也,当战国初,楚灭之。”《地(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun):“颍川(chuan)郡许县,故许国,文叔所(suo)封,二十四世(shi)为楚所(suo)灭也。汉(han)世(shi)名许县耳,魏(wei)武(wu)作(zuo)相,改曰许昌。”
冬,十(shi)有一月,壬(ren)辰,公薨(hong)。实弑(shi)书(shu)薨(hong),又不地者,史策所(suo)讳也(ye)。
[疏]注“实弑”至“讳也”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):他君(jun)(jun)见弑(shi)则(ze)书(shu)(shu)(shu)弑(shi),鲁(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)见弑(shi)则(ze)书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨。公薨例皆(jie)地,此公又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)地。故(gu)解之(zhi)(zhi),言鲁(lu)(lu)史(shi)(shi)策书(shu)(shu)(shu)所(suo)讳(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍言君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)见弑(shi),又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍言其(qi)僵尸(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)处,讳(hui)(hui)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu),故(gu)夫子(zi)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)。传不(bu)(bu)(bu)言书(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue),知(zhi)是旧史(shi)(shi)讳(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。董狐(hu)(hu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)“赵盾弑(shi)君(jun)(jun)”,仲(zhong)尼谓之(zhi)(zhi)“良(liang)(liang)史(shi)(shi)”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)君(jun)(jun)弑(shi),则(ze)是史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)。夫子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改其(qi)文而(er)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者,为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)臣者或心实爱君(jun)(jun),为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)(hui)愆过;或志在疾恶,故(gu)章(zhang)贼名。虽事(shi)(shi)迹不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,而(er)俱(ju)是为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)。圣(sheng)贤(xian)两通(tong)其(qi)事(shi)(shi),欲见仁(ren)非(fei)一(yi)涂。僖元年传曰(yue):“讳(hui)(hui)国(guo)恶,礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)董狐(hu)(hu),知(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)史(shi)(shi)必须(xu)直也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)丘明之(zhi)(zhi)礼讳(hui)(hui)恶,知(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)史(shi)(shi)又(you)当讳(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“臣之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun),犹子(zi)事(shi)(shi)父。微(wei)谏(jian)见志,造(zao)膝跪辞,执其(qi)事(shi)(shi)而(er)谏(jian)其(qi)非(fei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必其(qi)得,盖匡救将(jiang)然,而(er)将(jiang)顺其(qi)已然,故(gu)有隐讳(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)焉。至於(wu)激节之(zhi)(zhi)士则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然,南史(shi)(shi)执简而(er)累(lei)进,董狐(hu)(hu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)隐,鬻拳劫(jie)君(jun)(jun)而(er)自(zi)刖,晏(yan)婴端委(wei)而(er)引直,圣(sheng)贤(xian)亦(yi)录而(er)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)广义(yi)(yi)训,博(bo)大(da)道。殷有三仁(ren),此之(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是言圣(sheng)贤(xian)两通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑伯(bo)髡顽、楚子(zi)麏、齐侯(hou)阳生之(zhi)(zhi)徒,俱(ju)实见弑(shi),而(er)以(yi)(yi)“卒”赴鲁(lu)(lu),是他国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)臣亦(yi)有讳(hui)(hui)国(guo)恶者,非(fei)独鲁(lu)(lu)史(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
【传】十一年,春,滕侯薛侯来朝,争长。(薛,鲁国薛县。
○长,丁丈反。下(xia)注及文同。)
[疏]注“薛鲁国薛县”。
○正义曰:《谱》云:“薛(xue),任姓(xing),黄(huang)帝之苗裔(yi)奚(xi)仲(zhong)(zhong)封为薛(xue)侯(hou),今鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)薛(xue)县是也(ye)。奚(xi)仲(zhong)(zhong)迁于(yu)邳(pi),仲(zhong)(zhong)虺(hui)居(ju)薛(xue),以(yi)为汤左相,武王复(fu)以(yi)其胄为薛(xue)侯(hou)。齐桓霸诸侯(hou),黜为伯(bo)。献公始与鲁(lu)同(tong)盟。小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)无记,世不可(ke)知,亦不知为谁所灭(mie)。”《地(di)理志》云:“鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)薛(xue)县,夏(xia)车正奚(xi)仲(zhong)(zhong)所国(guo)(guo)(guo),后迁于(yu)邳(pi),汤相仲(zhong)(zhong)虺(hui)居(ju)之。”
薛侯曰:“我先封。”薛祖奚仲,夏所封,在周之前。
○夏,户(hu)雅反。
[疏]注“薛祖”至“之前”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):定元年(nian)传曰(yue):“薛(xue)之皇祖奚中居薛(xue),以(yi)为夏车正(zheng)。”是夏所封也。
滕(teng)侯曰:“我,周(zhou)之(zhi)卜正(zheng)也。卜正(zheng),卜官之(zhi)长(zhang)。
[疏]注“卜正,卜官之长”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《周礼(li)·春(chun)官》:“太卜,下(xia)大(da)夫二人(ren)(ren)。”其下(xia)有卜师、卜人(ren)(ren)、龟人(ren)(ren)、筮人(ren)(ren),大(da)卜为之长(zhang)。正(zheng)训长(zhang)也,故谓(wei)之卜正(zheng)。
薛(xue),庶(shu)姓也。我不可(ke)以后之。”庶(shu)姓,非周之同(tong)姓。
[疏]注“庶姓”至“同姓”。
○正义曰(yue):《周礼·司仪职》云(yun):“诏王仪,南(nan)乡见(jian)诸侯。土揖庶姓(xing)(xing),时揖异姓(xing)(xing),天揖同姓(xing)(xing)。”郑玄云(yun):“庶姓(xing)(xing),无(wu)亲者也”。“异姓(xing)(xing),婚姻者也。”是庶姓(xing)(xing)非同姓(xing)(xing)也。
公使羽父请於薛侯曰:“君与滕君,辱在寡人。周谚有之曰:‘山有木,工则度之;宾有礼,主则择之。’择所宜而行之。
○谚音(yin)彦,俗言也。度,大洛反。周(zhou)之(zhi)宗盟,异(yi)姓(xing)为后(hou)。盟载书皆先同(tong)姓(xing),例在定(ding)四(si)年。
[疏]“周之”至“为后”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰:贾逵(kui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)(zong)为(wei)尊(zun),服虔(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)为(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),孙毓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)宗(zong)(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)属官(guan),掌作盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)诅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载(zai)辞,故曰宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。杜无(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)解。盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)卑(bei),自有(you)定法,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)言(yan)尊(zun)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》司盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)乃是(shi)(shi)司寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,非宗(zong)(zong)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)得(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)旨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而孙毓难服云(yun)(yun):“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)则(ze)(ze)无(wu)与(yu)(yu)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),何(he)论先(xian)(xian)后(hou)。若(ruo)通共同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),则(ze)(ze)何(he)称於宗(zong)(zong)?”斯不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)矣。天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),令其(qi)(qi)(qi)奖(jiang)王(wang)(wang)室(shi),未闻离逖异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),独(du)与(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)贵亲,先(xian)(xian)叙同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)笃於宗(zong)(zong)族,是(shi)(shi)故谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”。鲁人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)此(ci)言(yan),见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)重宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),执其(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,即云(yun)(yun)“无(wu)与(yu)(yu)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)公与(yu)(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)燕(yan),则(ze)(ze)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)宾,复言(yan)“族燕(yan)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟轲(ke)所云(yun)(yun)说诗者(zhe)(zhe)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辞害(hai)意(yi)”,此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)后(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)降临诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)命(ming)而盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),狎主(zhu)齐盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。践(jian)土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)载(zai)书云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)若(ruo)曰晋重鲁申”,是(shi)(shi)用王(wang)(wang)命(ming)而盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。召陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,刘子在焉,故祝(zhu)佗(tuo)引(yin)践(jian)土(tu)为(wei)比,为(wei)有(you)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),楚(chu)屈建先(xian)(xian)於赵武,明(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)大国在前,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。若(ruo)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)先(xian)(xian),则(ze)(ze)楚(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)竞(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且言(yan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),是(shi)(shi)唯周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)乃然(ran)。”故《释例》曰:“斥周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而言(yan),指谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)临盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)杂盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),未必皆(jie)然(ran)。”是(shi)(shi)言(yan)馀(yu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)则(ze)(ze)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在先(xian)(xian),朝(chao)(chao)则(ze)(ze)各从其(qi)(qi)(qi)爵(jue)。故郑康(kang)成注《礼记》云(yun)(yun):“朝(chao)(chao)觐爵(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)。”若(ruo)然(ran),案《觐礼》曰:“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前朝(chao)(chao),皆(jie)受舍于朝(chao)(chao),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)上,异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)东(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)上。”郑玄云(yun)(yun):“言(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),明(ming)(ming)(ming)来朝(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)众矣,顾其(qi)(qi)(qi)入觐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)并耳”,“分别(bie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将有(you)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。若(ruo)如(ru)此(ci)言(yan),则(ze)(ze)似(si)朝(chao)(chao)觐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)。但朝(chao)(chao)觐实以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei),就爵(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。若(ruo)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),则(ze)(ze)爵(jue)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼记》:“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公朝(chao)(chao)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)”,“三(san)公中(zhong)阶(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)东(dong)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),阼阶(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong),西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi),东(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,门(men)东(dong),北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)东(dong)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,门(men)西(xi)(xi),北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)东(dong)上。”《觐礼》於方(fang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坛,郑言(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),亦(yi)引(yin)《明(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)位(wei)》为(wei)说。是(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)总(zong)见(jian)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)为(wei)班,虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分别(bie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)(qi)(qi)受礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时爵(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),犹先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)临诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),虽(sui)群后(hou)咸在,常(chang)先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),故此(ci)言(yan)“宗(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”耳。取重宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喻已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。取譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),聊举一边。“寡(gua)人(ren)若(ruo)朝(chao)(chao)于薛,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)任齿”,朝(chao)(chao)於彼国,自可下主(zhu)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)聚盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯先(xian)(xian)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
寡人若朝于薛,不敢与诸任齿。薛,任姓。齿,列也。
○任音(yin)壬(ren),注同。
[疏]注“薛,任姓。齿,列也”。
○正义曰:《世(shi)本·氏姓篇》云(yun):“任姓:谢、章(zhang)、薛(xue)、舒、吕、祝(zhu)、终、泉、毕(bi)、过。”言此十国皆任姓也。《礼记(ji)·文王世(shi)子》曰:“古者谓年龄,齿(chi)亦龄也。”然(ran)则齿(chi)是年之别名。人以(yi)(yi)(yi)年齿(chi)相次列。以(yi)(yi)(yi)爵位相次列亦名为齿(chi),故(gu)云(yun)齿(chi)也。君若辱(ru)贶寡人,则原(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)滕君为请。”薛(xue)侯许之,乃长滕侯。
“夏,公会郑伯于郲”,谋伐许也。郑伯将伐许,五月,甲辰,授兵於大宫。大宫,郑祖庙。
○大音泰。公孙阏与颍考叔争车,公孙阏,郑大夫。
○阏,於葛反。颍考叔挟辀以走,辀,车辕也。
○挟音(yin)协(xie)。辀,张(zhang)留(liu)反。
[疏]“挟辀以走”。
○正义曰:庙内授车未有(you)马(ma)驾,故手(shou)挟以走(zou)。辀,辕也(ye)。《方言》云(yun):“楚、卫谓(wei)辕为辀。”服(fu)(fu)虔(qian)云(yun):“考叔挟车辕,棰(chui)马(ma)而走(zou)。古者兵(bing)车一(yi)辕,服(fu)(fu)马(ma)夹之(zhi)。若马(ma)已在辕,不可(ke)复(fu)挟。且棰(chui)马(ma)而走(zou),非捷步所及,子都岂复(fu)乘车逐之(zhi)。”
子都拔棘以逐之。子都,公孙阏。棘,戟也。及大逵,弗及,子都怒。逵,道方九轨也。
○逵,求龟反。《尔雅》云:“九(jiu)达谓之(zhi)逵。”杜云:“道(dao)方九(jiu)轨。”此依《考工记》
[疏]注“逵,道方九轨也”。
○正义(yi)曰:《冬官(guan)·考工记(ji)》:“匠(jiang)人营国(guo)”,“经涂(tu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)。”轨(gui)(gui)(gui),车(che)(che)辙。谓(wei)王城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,道(dao)(dao)(dao)广并(bing)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)车(che)(che)也(ye)。《尔(er)雅(ya)·释宫》云(yun):“一达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路,二达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歧旁,三达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剧旁,四达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衢,五(wu)达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康,六达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庄,七达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剧骖,八(ba)(ba)达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崇(chong)期(qi),九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)达(da)(da)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逵(kui)。”说《尔(er)雅(ya)》者(zhe),皆以(yi)(yi)为(wei)“四道(dao)(dao)(dao)交出(chu)(chu),复有(you)旁通”。故(gu)(gu)刘炫《规过》以(yi)(yi)逵(kui)为(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)交出(chu)(chu)也(ye)。今以(yi)(yi)为(wei)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)方九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)”者(zhe),盖以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),世俗所希,不应城(cheng)(cheng)内得有(you)。此道(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)记(ji)有(you)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)(gui)(gui),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)“逵(kui)”当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)并(bing)容(rong)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)(gui)(gui),皆得前达(da)(da),亦是九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)达(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。故(gu)(gu)李巡注《尔(er)雅(ya)》亦取“并(bing)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。又涂(tu)方九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)轨(gui)(gui)(gui),天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)不得皆有(you),唯(wei)郑(zheng)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内独(du)有(you)其涂(tu),故(gu)(gu)传於郑(zheng)国(guo)每言(yan)“逵(kui)”也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)桓十四年(nian)“焚渠门,入(ru)及大逵(kui)”,庄二十八(ba)(ba)年(nian)“众车(che)(che)入(ru)自纯门,及逵(kui)市(shi)”,宣十二年(nian)“入(ru)自皇门,至于逵(kui)路”。刘君以(yi)(yi)为(wei)国(guo)国(guo)皆有(you)逵(kui)道(dao)(dao)(dao),以(yi)(yi)规杜氏,其义(yi)非也(ye)。
秋,七月,公会齐侯、郑伯伐许。庚辰,傅于许。傅于许城下。
○傅音附,注同。
颍考叔取郑伯之旗蝥弧以先登,蝥弧,旗名。
○蝥,亡(wang)侯反。弧音(yin)胡。
[疏]注“蝥弧,旗名”。
○正义曰:《周礼(li)》:“诸(zhu)侯建旂,孤(gu)卿建<巾亶>。”而(er)《左传》郑有蝥弧,齐有灵姑鉟,皆诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)旗(qi)也(ye)。赵简(jian)子(zi)有蜂旗(qi),卿之(zhi)旗(qi)也(ye)。其名(ming)当时为之(zhi),其义不(bu)可知也(ye)。
子都自下射之,颠。颠队而死。
○射,食亦反,下及注同。队,直类反。瑕叔盈又以蝥弧登,瑕叔盈,郑大夫。周麾而呼曰:“君登矣!”周,徧也。麾,招也。
○麾,许危反,又许伪反。呼,火故反。徧音遍。郑师毕登。壬午,遂入许。许庄公奔卫。奔不书。兵乱遁逃,未知所在。
○遁,徒顿反。齐侯以许让公。公曰:“君谓许不共,不共职贡。
○共音恭,本亦作供,音同。注及下同。故从君讨之。许既伏其罪矣,虽君有命,寡人弗敢与闻。”乃与郑人。郑伯使许大夫百里奉许叔以居许东偏,许叔,许庄公之弟。东偏,东鄙也。
○与闻音预。曰:“天祸许国,鬼神实不逞于许君,而假手于我寡人。借手于我寡德之人以讨许。寡人唯是一二父兄,不能共亿,父兄,同姓群臣。供,给;亿,安也。
○亿,於力反。其敢以许自为功乎?寡人有弟,不能和协,而使餬其口於四方,弟,共叔段也。餬,鬻也。段出奔在元年。
○餬音胡(hu),《说文》云(yun):“寄食。”鬻,本又作粥,之育反(fan),又与六反(fan)。
[疏]注“弟共”至“元年”。
○正义曰(yue):庄(zhuang)公之弟逃於四方,故(gu)知(zhi)唯是共叔段也。《说文》云(yun):“餬(hu)(hu),寄(ji)食也。”以此传(chuan)言“餬(hu)(hu)口四方”,故(gu)以“寄(ji)食”言之。昭(zhao)七年传(chuan)云(yun):“饘於是,鬻(yu)於是,以餬(hu)(hu)余口。”《释言》云(yun):“餬(hu)(hu),饘也。”则餬(hu)(hu)是饘、鬻(yu)别名。今人以薄鬻(yu)涂物谓之餬(hu)(hu)纸、餬(hu)(hu)帛,则餬(hu)(hu)者,以鬻(yu)食口之名,故(gu)云(yun)“餬(hu)(hu)其口”也。
其况能久有许乎?吾子其奉许叔以抚柔此民也,吾将使获也佐吾子。获,郑大夫公孙获。若寡人得没于地,以寿终。
○寿,如字,又音授。天其以礼悔祸于许,言天加礼於许而悔祸之。无宁兹许公复奉其社稷。无宁,宁也。兹,此也。
○复,扶又反,又音服。唯我郑国之有请谒焉。如旧昏媾,谒,告也。妇之父曰昏,重昏曰媾。
○媾(gou),古(gu)豆反(fan)。重,直龙反(fan)。
[疏]注“谒告”至“曰媾”。
○正义曰:“谒,告也”,《释诂》文。“妇之父(fu)曰昏(hun)”,《释亲》文也。“媾(gou)”与(yu)“昏(hun)”同文,故先儒皆以(yi)为“重昏(hun)曰媾(gou)”。
其能降以相从也。降,降心也。无滋他族,实逼处此,以与我郑国争此土也。吾子孙其覆亡之不暇,而况能禋祀许乎?絜齐以享,谓之禋。祀,谓许山川之祀。
○覆,芳服反。暇,行(xing)嫁反。禋音因。齐,侧(ce)皆反,本(ben)亦作斋。
[疏]注“絜齐”至“之祀”。
○正义曰:《释诂(gu)》云(yun):“禋(yin),祭也。”孙炎(yan)曰:“禋(yin),絜(xie)敬之(zhi)(zhi)祭。”《周(zhou)语》曰:“精意(yi)以(yi)享,禋(yin)也。”是“絜(xie)齐以(yi)享谓之(zhi)(zhi)禋(yin)”。享训献也。言(yan)絜(xie)清(qing)齐敬以(yi)酒(jiu)食献神也。《礼》:诸侯祭山(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)在其地者。若其受许之(zhi)(zhi)土,则当祭许山(shan)川,故(gu)知“祀谓许山(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)祀”。
寡人之使吾子处此,不唯许国之为,亦聊以固吾圉也。”圉,边垂也。
○为(wei),于伪反(fan),圉,鱼(yu)吕反(fan)。
[疏]注“圉,边垂也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《释(shi)诂》云(yun):“圉,垂也(ye)。”舍人曰(yue):“圉,边(bian)垂也(ye)。”
乃使公孙获处许西偏,曰:“凡而器用财贿,无寘於许。我死,乃亟去之!吾先君新邑於此,此,今河南新郑。旧郑在京兆。
○贿,呼(hu)罪(zui)反,《字林》音悔。寘,之豉反,置也。亟,纪力反,急(ji)也,下注同。
[疏]注“此(ci)今”至“京兆”。正(zheng)义曰(yue):《地(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun):“河南郡新郑(zheng)县,《诗》郑(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公之(zhi)子(zi)武公所国(guo)。”是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)“新邑於(wu)此(ci)”,谓(wei)河南新郑(zheng)也。且《志(zhi)》又(you)云(yun):“京兆郑(zheng)县,周(zhou)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)弟郑(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公邑。”是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)旧郑(zheng)在京兆也。《志(zhi)》又(you)云(yun):“本周(zhou)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)弟友为周(zhou)司徒,食采(cai)於(wu)宗周(zhou)畿内,是(shi)(shi)为郑(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公问(wen)於(wu)史(shi)伯曰(yue):‘王(wang)(wang)室多故,何所可以(yi)逃死?’”史(shi)伯为桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公谋取虢(guo)(guo)、郐之(zhi)地(di),令“寄帑与(yu)(yu)贿,而虢(guo)(guo)、郐受之(zhi)。后二(er)年(nian),幽王(wang)(wang)败(bai),桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公死,其子(zi)武公与(yu)(yu)平王(wang)(wang)东迁,卒(zu)定虢(guo)(guo)、郐之(zhi)地(di)”。然则传云(yun)“先(xian)君新邑於(wu)此(ci)”,谓(wei)武公始居此(ci)也。《史(shi)记·郑(zheng)世家》称虢(guo)(guo)、郐自分“十邑”献於(wu)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公,桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公“竟国(guo)之(zhi)”。案(an)《郑(zheng)语(yu)》,桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公始谋,未(wei)取之(zhi)也;武公始国(guo),非(fei)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公也;全(quan)灭(mie)虢(guo)(guo)、郐,非(fei)献邑也。马迁之(zhi)言(yan)皆谬耳(er)。昭十六(liu)年(nian)传子(zi)产谓(wei)韩宣(xuan)子(zi),曰(yue)“我先(xian)君桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公与(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)人皆出自周(zhou),以(yi)艾杀此(ci)地(di)而共(gong)处(chu)之(zhi)”者,谓(wei)“寄帑与(yu)(yu)贿”之(zhi)时,商(shang)(shang)人即与(yu)(yu)俱行耳(er),非(fei)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公身至新郑(zheng)。
王室而既卑矣,周之子孙日失其序。郑亦周之子孙。夫许,大岳之胤也,大岳,神农之后,尧四岳也。胤,继也。
○大岳音泰。
[疏]注“大岳”至“继也”。
○正义曰:《周语》称“共工(gong)、伯(bo)篰二(er)者,皆黄炎(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)”。言篰为(wei)(wei)黄帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),共工(gong)为(wei)(wei)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝则神农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别号。《周语》又称尧命(ming)禹治(zhi)水,“共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从孙四(si)(si)(si)岳佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,“胙四(si)(si)(si)岳国,命(ming)为(wei)(wei)侯伯(bo),赐(ci)姓(xing)曰姜(jiang),氏曰有吕”。贾逵云:“共,共工(gong)也(ye)。从孙,同(tong)姓(xing)末嗣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙。四(si)(si)(si)岳,官名,大岳也(ye)。主四(si)(si)(si)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)焉。姜(jiang),炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing),其(qi)后(hou)变易(yi),至於四(si)(si)(si)岳,帝复赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖姓(xing),以绍炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。”以此知“大岳”是神农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),尧四(si)(si)(si)岳也(ye)。以其(qi)主岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si),尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故称大岳,许国是其(qi)后(hou)也(ye)。“胤(yin),继也(ye)”。《释诂》文。舍人(ren)云:“胤(yin),继世也(ye)。”
天而既厌周德矣,吾其能与许争乎?君子谓郑庄公於是乎有礼。礼,经国家,定社稷,序民人,利后嗣者也。许无刑而伐之,服而舍之,刑,法也。
○厌,於(wu)艳反(fan)。
[疏]“礼经”至“嗣者也”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):经(jing)(jing)谓纪理之,若《诗(shi)》之经(jing)(jing)营、经(jing)(jing)始(shi)也(ye)。国家(jia)(jia)非(fei)礼(li)不治,社(she)稷(ji)得(de)礼(li)乃安(an),故礼(li)所以(yi)经(jing)(jing)理国家(jia)(jia),安(an)定社(she)稷(ji)。以(yi)礼(li)教民(min)则亲戚和睦,以(yi)礼(li)守位则泽及子孙,故礼(li)所以(yi)次(ci)序民(min)人,利益后嗣。“经(jing)(jing)国家(jia)(jia)”,犹《诗(shi)序》之言“经(jing)(jing)夫妇”也(ye)。
度德而处之,量力而行之,相时而动,无累后人,“我死,乃亟去之”,无累后人。
○度,待洛反(fan)。量音良,下同。相(xiang),息(xi)亮反(fan)。累,劣(lie)伪反(fan),注同。可谓知礼矣。
郑伯使卒出豭,行出犬鸡,以诅射颍考叔者。百人为卒,二十五人为行,行亦卒之行列。疾射颍考叔者,故令卒及行间皆诅之。
○卒,尊忽反(fan),注同(tong)。豭(jia)音(yin)加,猪(zhu)别名。行,户刚反(fan),注同(tong)。诅(zu),则虑反(fan)。令,力呈反(fan)。
[疏]注“百人”至“诅之”。
○正义曰:《周礼·夏官》序制军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,“百人(ren)(ren)为(wei)卒(zu)(zu)”,“二(er)十五人(ren)(ren)为(wei)两(liang)”。此言“二(er)十五人(ren)(ren)为(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe),以传先“卒(zu)(zu)”后“行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,“豭”大(da)(da)於(wu)“犬”,知(zhi)(zhi)“行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)数少(shao)於(wu)“卒(zu)(zu)”也(ye)(ye)。军(jun)法百人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)唯有二(er)十五人(ren)(ren)为(wei)“两(liang)”耳。又大(da)(da)司马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)官行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)司马是(shi)中士(shi),军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)官两(liang)司马亦(yi)中士(shi),知(zhi)(zhi)《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)即此行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓(wei)(wei)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)列(lie),知(zhi)(zhi)此行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦(yi)卒(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)列(lie)也(ye)(ye)。诅(zu)者(zhe),盟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细,杀(sha)牲告神,令加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殃咎。疾射颍考叔(shu)者(zhe),令卒(zu)(zu)及行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)閒祝(zhu)诅(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲使神杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。一(yi)卒(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内已用(yong)一(yi)豭,又更令一(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间或用(yong)鸡(ji)(ji),或用(yong)犬,重祝(zhu)诅(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。犬、鸡(ji)(ji)者(zhe),或鸡(ji)(ji)或犬,非鸡(ji)(ji)、犬并用(yong)。何则?盟诅(zu)例(li)用(yong)一(yi)牲,不用(yong)二(er)也(ye)(ye)。豭谓(wei)(wei)豕(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牡者(zhe),《尔雅·释兽》:豕(shi)牡曰豝。豝者(zhe)是(shi)牝(pin),知(zhi)(zhi)豭者(zhe)是(shi)牡。祭祀例(li)不用(yong)牝(pin)。且宋人(ren)(ren)谓(wei)(wei)宋朝为(wei)艾豭,明以雄猪喻也(ye)(ye)。
君子谓郑庄公失政刑矣。政以治民,刑以正邪。既无德政,又无威刑,是以及邪。大臣不睦,又不能用刑於邪人。
○邪(xie)(xie),似(si)嗟反,下及注同。邪(xie)(xie)而诅之,将何益矣!
王取邬、刘、二邑在河南缑氏县,西南有邬聚,西北有刘亭。
○邬,乌户反。缑,古侯反,一音苦侯反。聚,才遇反。蒍、邘之田于郑,蒍、邘,郑二邑。
○蒍,尢委反。邘音于。而与郑人苏忿生之田:苏忿生,周武王司寇苏公也。
○忿,芳粉反。
[疏]注“苏忿”至“公也”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):成十(shi)一年传曰(yue)(yue):“昔周克商,使诸侯抚封(feng),苏忿生以(yi)温为司寇。”《尚书·立政》称“周公(gong)(gong)告(gao)大史曰(yue)(yue)司寇苏公(gong)(gong)”,是其事也。
温、今温县。原、在沁水县西。
○沁,七浸反;《字林》,先任反;郭璞《三仓解诂》音狗沁之沁;沈文何,疏鸩反;韦昭,思金反。水名。絺、在野王县西南。
○絺,敕之反。樊、一名阳樊,野王县西南有阳城。
○樊,扶袁反。隰郕、在怀县西南。
○隰,详立反。郕,尚征反。欑茅、在脩武县西北。
○欑,才官反。向、轵县西有地名向上。
○向,舒亮反,注同。轵音纸。盟、今盟津。
○盟音孟。州、今州县。陉、阙。
○陉音刑。隤、在脩武县北。
○隤,徒回反(fan)。怀(huai)。今怀(huai)县(xian)。凡十二邑(yi),皆苏(su)忿生之(zhi)(zhi)田。欑茅、隤属(shu)汲郡(jun)。馀皆属(shu)河内。君子(zi)是以(yi)知桓王之(zhi)(zhi)失郑(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。恕而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi),德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)则也(ye)(ye),礼之(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)也(ye)(ye)。已弗能有(you),而(er)以(yi)与人(ren),人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)不至,不亦(yi)宜乎(hu)!苏(su)氏叛王,十二邑(yi)王所不能有(you),为(wei)桓五年从王伐郑(zheng)张本。
郑、息有违言,以言语相违恨。息侯伐郑。郑伯与战于竟,息师大败而还。息国,汝南新息县。
○竟音(yin)境。息(xi),一本作鄎(xi),音(yin)息(xi)。
[疏]注“息国”至“息县”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《世本(ben)》:“息(xi)国,姬(ji)姓(xing)。”此“息(xi)侯伐(fa)郑”,责其(qi)不亲(qin)亲(qin),知与郑国同姬(ji)姓(xing)也(ye)。庄十四年(nian)传楚文王(wang)灭息(xi)。其(qi)初则不知谁之(zhi)子(zi),何时封也(ye)。《地(di)理志》汝南郡有(you)新(xin)息(xi)县,故息(xi)国也(ye)。应劭(shao)云:“其(qi)后东徙,故加(jia)(jia)新(xin)云。”若其(qi)后东徙,当(dang)云“故息(xi)”,何以反加(jia)(jia)“新(xin)”字乎?盖本(ben)自他处而(er)徙此也(ye)。
君子是以知息之将亡也。不度德,郑庄贤。
○度,待洛反。不量力,息国弱。不亲亲,郑、息,同姓之国。不徵辞,不察有罪。言语相恨,当明徵其辞,以审曲直,不宜轻斗。犯五不韪,而以伐人,其丧师也,不亦宜乎!韪,是也。
○韪,韦(wei)鬼反,《苍(cang)颉篇》同(tong)。丧,息浪反。
冬,十月,郑伯以虢师伐宋。壬戌,大败宋师,以报其入郑也。入郑在十年。宋不告命,故不书。凡诸侯有命,告则书,不然则否。命者,国之大事政令也。承其告辞,史乃书之於策。若所传闻行言,非将君命,则记在简牍而已,不得记於典策。此盖周礼之旧制。
○传,直专反。师出臧否,亦如之。臧否,谓善恶得失也。灭而告败,胜而告克,此皆互言,不须两告乃书。
○否音鄙,又方九反,注同。虽及(ji)灭国(guo),灭不(bu)告败(bai),胜不(bu)告克,不(bu)书于(yu)策。
[疏]“凡诸”至“于策”。
○正义曰:此传虽因宋不告败而发此例,其言“诸侯有命”,非独为被伐之命。故注云:“命者,国之大事政令也。”谓诸国大事,崩卒会盟,战伐克取,君臣乖离,水火灾害。经书他国之事,皆是来告则书,不告则否。来告则书者,或彼以实告,改其告辞而书之。或彼以虚告,因其虚言而记之。立文褒贬,章示善恶。虽复依告者多,不必尽皆依告。卫献公之出奔也,传称“孙林父、甯殖出其君”,名在诸侯之策。及其书经,则云“卫侯出奔齐”。如此之类,是改告辞也。晋人之败秦也,传称“潜师夜起,以败秦于令狐”。秦实未陈,不与晋战。晋人讳背前言,妄以战告。及其书经,乃言“晋人及秦人战于令狐”。如此之类,是因虚言也。虽复或因其虚,或改其实,终是归於劝戒,得告乃书也。“不然则否”者,虽复传闻行言,实知其事,但非故遣来告,知亦不书,所以慎谬误,辟不审。若楚灭六蓼,臧文仲叹而为言,鲁非不知,但无命来告,故不书也。“师出臧否亦如之”者,传因被兵发例,嫌出师伐人,不必须告,故重明之。“虽及灭国”者,既据侵伐发例,又嫌灭国事重,不待告命,故更明之。言“不书于策”者,明告命大事,皆书於国史正策,以见仲尼脩定,悉因正策之文。
○注“臧否”至“乃书”。
○正义曰:不(bu)言“胜败(bai)(bai)”而言“臧否”者(zhe),明其臧否之言,非徒胜败(bai)(bai)之谓,故(gu)知是(shi)“善(shan)恶得失”,总谓理有曲直,兵有彊弱也(ye)。狄(di)伐邢之类,非狄(di)能(neng)告(gao)(gao)也(ye);楚灭(mie)庸之徒,非庸能(neng)告(gao)(gao)也(ye):故(gu)知败(bai)(bai)克(ke)互言,不(bu)须(xu)两告(gao)(gao)乃(nai)书也(ye)。且哀元年传曰:“吴(wu)入越(yue),不(bu)书,吴(wu)不(bu)告(gao)(gao)庆,越(yue)不(bu)告(gao)(gao)败(bai)(bai)也(ye)。”吴(wu)、越(yue)并言,知其不(bu)待两告(gao)(gao)。
羽父请杀桓公,将以求大宰。大宰,官名。
○大音泰(tai),注同。
[疏]注“大宰,官名”。
○正义曰(yue):《周礼》:天(tian)子(zi)六卿,天(tian)官为(wei)大宰(zai)(zai),诸(zhu)侯则并六为(wei)三(san)而兼职(zhi)焉(yan)。昭四年传称(cheng)季孙(sun)为(wei)司(si)(si)徒,叔孙(sun)为(wei)司(si)(si)马(ma),孟(meng)孙(sun)为(wei)司(si)(si)空(kong)。则鲁之三(san)卿无(wu)大宰(zai)(zai)也。羽父名见於(wu)经,已是卿矣,而复求(qiu)大宰(zai)(zai),盖欲令鲁特(te)置此(ci)官以荣已耳。以后更无(wu)大宰(zai)(zai),知鲁竟不立之。
公曰:“为其少故也,吾将授之矣。授桓位。
○为,于伪反。少,诗照反。使营菟裘,吾将老焉。”菟裘,鲁邑,在泰山梁父县南。不欲复居鲁朝,故别营外邑。
○菟,兔都反。裘音求。父音甫。复,扶又反,下同。羽父惧,反谮公于桓公,而请弑之。公之为公子也,与郑人战于狐壤,止焉。内讳获,故言止。狐壤,郑地。
○谮,侧鸩反。弑音试,下同;一本作杀。郑人囚诸尹氏,尹氏,郑大夫。赂尹氏,而祷於其主锺巫,主,尹氏所主祭。
○赂音路。祷,丁老反,或多报反。巫,亡夫反。遂与尹氏归,而立其主。立锺巫於鲁。十一月,公祭锺巫,齐于社圃,社圃,园名。
○圃,布古反。馆于寪氏。馆,舍也。寪氏,鲁大夫。
○寪(wei),于委反。壬辰,羽父使贼弑公于寪(wei)氏(shi),立桓公,而讨寪(wei)氏(shi),有死者。欲以(yi)弑君之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)加(jia)寪(wei)氏(shi),而复不能正法诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。传言(yan)进(jin)退无(wu)据。
[疏]“讨寪氏,有死者”。
○正义曰:刘炫云:羽父遣贼弑公,公非寪氏所弑。公在寪氏而死,遂寪氏弑君,欲以正法诛之。君非寪氏所弑,故讨寪氏之家,仅有死者而已,言不总诛之。
○注“欲以”至“无据”。
○正(zheng)义曰:刘炫云:欲以(yi)弑君(jun)之罪(zui)加寪氏(shi),则(ze)君(jun)非寪氏(shi)所弑,而复不能以(yi)正(zheng)法诛之。正(zheng)法谓灭其(qi)族,污其(qi)宫也。传言此者进退(tui)无据(ju):进诛寪氏(shi),则(ze)实非寪氏(shi)弑君(jun);退(tui)舍(she)寪氏(shi),则(ze)无弑君(jun)之人(ren)。是其(qi)进退(tui)无据(ju)也。
不(bu)书葬,不(bu)成丧(sang)(sang)也(ye)。桓弑(shi)隐篡位,故丧(sang)(sang)礼不(bu)成。