卷(juan)八 庄元年(nian),尽十年(nian)
◎庄公
○陆曰:“庄(zhuang)公(gong),名同,桓公(gong)子,母文姜。”谥法(fa):“胜敌克乱曰庄(zhuang)。”
[疏(shu)]正义曰(yue)(yue):《鲁世家》云:“庄公名同,桓公之子,文(wen)姜(jiang)所生(sheng),即(ji)桓六年‘子同生(sheng)’者也。以庄王(wang)四年即(ji)位。谥法:胜敌克(ke)壮(zhuang)曰(yue)(yue)庄。”是(shi)岁(sui),岁(sui)在鹑火。
【经】元年,春,王正月(yue)。
三月,夫人孙于齐。夫人,庄公母也。鲁人责之,故出奔,内讳奔,谓之孙,犹孙让而去。
○逊,本亦作孙,音同,注及传(chuan)同。
[疏]“元年春王正月”。
○正义曰:此月无事,而空书月者,庄虽不即君位,而亦改元朝庙,与民更始。史书其事,见此月公宜即位,而父弑母出,不忍即位,故空书其文。闵、僖亦然。
○注“夫人庄公母”至“而去”。
○正义曰:夫人孙(sun)(sun)(sun)意,传(chuan)文不明,故(gu)云鲁人责之(zhi)。盖责其诉(su)公於齐侯,而(er)使(shi)(shi)公见杀,故(gu)惭惧(ju)而(er)出奔也。《公羊(yang)传(chuan)》曰:“孙(sun)(sun)(sun)者(zhe)何?孙(sun)(sun)(sun)犹(you)(you)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)也。内讳奔,谓之(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)。”《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰:“孙(sun)(sun)(sun)之(zhi)为言(yan)犹(you)(you)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)也,讳奔也。”杜(du)用(yong)彼为说。昔帝尧孙(sun)(sun)(sun)位(wei)以让(rang)虞舜,故(gu)假(jia)彼美事而(er)为之(zhi)名,犹(you)(you)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)让(rang)而(er)去。《释例》曰:“使(shi)(shi)若(ruo)不为臣(chen)子(zi)所逐,自孙(sun)(sun)(sun)位(wei)而(er)去者(zhe)。”
夏,单伯送王姬。无传。单伯,天子卿也。单,采地;伯,爵也。王将嫁女於齐,既命鲁为主,故单伯送女,不称使也。王姬不称字,以王为尊,且别於内女也。天子嫁女於诸侯,使同姓诸侯主之,不亲昏,尊卑不敌。
○单,音善。采,七代反。别(bie),彼列反。
[疏]注“单伯”至“不敌”。
○正义曰:检经(jing)上下公(gong)卿(qing)书爵(jue),大(da)夫(fu)书字(zi)。单伯(bo)书爵(jue),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)也。单者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)畿内(nei)地名,人(ren)君赐(ci)臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑,令采(cai)取赋(fu)税,谓之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)地。《礼运(yun)》曰:“诸侯(hou)(hou)有国以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处(chu)其子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,大(da)夫(fu)有采(cai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处(chu)其子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙。”是谓食邑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)采(cai)地。单氏世仕(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝(chao),此及文公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)世皆(jie)云(yun)单伯(bo),成公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下常(chang)称(cheng)(cheng)单子(zi)(zi)(zi),知伯(bo)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)爵(jue)也。此时称(cheng)(cheng)伯(bo),后(hou)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)耳。又解(jie)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)意,王(wang)(wang)(wang)於时将遣(qian)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)昏(hun),必先有命(ming)(ming),岂(qi)得未(wei)尝命(ming)(ming)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu),径(jing)送(song)女(nv)(nv)来(lai),故知王(wang)(wang)(wang)巳命(ming)(ming)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)巳承受王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming),单伯(bo)送(song)女(nv)(nv)付鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)而(er)已,不(bu)复(fu)重宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming),故不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)使(shi)也。十一年王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)不(bu)云(yun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)送(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)送(song)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)微也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姬(ji)系王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)(nv)字(zi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尊(zun),故系之(zhi)(zhi)於王(wang)(wang)(wang),且以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别於内(nei)女(nv)(nv)。内(nei)女(nv)(nv)则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)配(pei)姓(xing)(xing),谓之(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)姬(ji)是也。《公(gong)羊(yang)传》曰:“使(shi)我主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)使(shi)我主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)?天子(zi)(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv)于诸侯(hou)(hou),必使(shi)诸侯(hou)(hou)同姓(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi);诸侯(hou)(hou)嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv)于大(da)夫(fu),必使(shi)大(da)夫(fu)同姓(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),昏(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)礼,必宾主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相敌。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)於诸侯(hou)(hou),诸侯(hou)(hou)於大(da)夫(fu),不(bu)亲昏(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),尊(zun)卑不(bu)敌故也。二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),虽王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)宾客,示崇(chong)先代而(er)已,不(bu)得即与王(wang)(wang)(wang)敌。嫁(jia)於二(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),亦使(shi)诸侯(hou)(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。秦汉(han)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),使(shi)三公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)呼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
秋,筑王姬之馆于外。公在谅闇,虑齐侯当亲迎,不忍便以礼接於庙,又不敢逆王命,故筑舍於外。
○谅(liang),音梁(liang),又音亮。迎,鱼敬反。
[疏]注“公在”至“於外”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《穀梁传》曰(yue):“筑之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),变之(zhi)(zhi)正也(ye)(ye)。仇雠(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)人,非所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)接昏(hun)姻(yin)也(ye)(ye)。衰麻,非所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)接弁冕(mian)也(ye)(ye)。”其意言公(gong)与齐(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)雠(chou),又身有重(zhong)服,不(bu)得与齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)为(wei)礼(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)筑于外(wai)也(ye)(ye)。左(zuo)氏(shi)先儒亦(yi)用此为(wei)说(shuo)。杜(du)案传文称“请以(yi)(yi)(yi)彭(peng)生除之(zhi)(zhi)”,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)人虽为(wei)杀彭(peng)生,心实雠(chou)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),但不(bu)敢(gan)逆(ni)王命(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)谅闇为(wei)辞,故(gu)(gu)(gu)筑馆于外(wai)。杜(du)谓诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),既葬,则衰麻除矣(yi),不(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)丧(sang)服为(wei)言也(ye)(ye)。若雠(chou)不(bu)除,服未释,则诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)同姓多矣(yi),天王不(bu)应强使鲁侯(hou)冒斩衰接父雠(chou),与之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)吉(ji)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此益明杜(du)谅闇之(zhi)(zhi)言为(wei)得其实,徒以(yi)(yi)(yi)昏(hun)姻(yin)吉(ji)礼(li)行(xing)事在庙,公(gong)在谅闇之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),虑齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)当来亲迎,不(bu)可(ke)便以(yi)(yi)(yi)全(quan)吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)接宾於庙。又雠(chou)除服释,不(bu)敢(gan)逆(ni)王命(ming)辞主(zhu)昏(hun),故(gu)(gu)(gu)筑舍(she)於外(wai),使齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)从外(wai)迎之(zhi)(zhi)。
冬,十月,乙(yi)亥,陈侯林卒。无(wu)传(chuan)。未同盟而赴以名。
王使荣叔来锡桓公命。无传。荣叔,周大夫。荣,氏;叔,字。锡,赐也。追命桓公,褒称其德,若昭七年王追命卫襄之比。
○比,必利反。
[疏]注“荣叔”至“之比”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)者(zhe)何(he)?赐(ci)也(ye)(ye)。命(ming)(ming)者(zhe)何(he)?加(jia)我服也(ye)(ye)。”又(you)《诗·唐风·无衣(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇,晋人为其(qi)君请命(ming)(ming)於天(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi),以(yi)无衣(yi)为辞,则(ze)王(wang)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)诸侯(hou)(hou),当有(you)服也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)称王(wang)赐(ci)晋惠公命(ming)(ming)受玉惰,则(ze)王(wang)赐(ci)又(you)有(you)玉也(ye)(ye)。但赐(ci)诸侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)玉者(zhe),欲使(shi)执而朝觐(jin),所以(yi)合瑞(rui)。今追命(ming)(ming)桓公,若(ruo)追命(ming)(ming)卫襄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi),止(zhi)应褒称其(qi)德(de)(de),赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策书,或(huo)(huo)当有(you)服以(yi)表尊(zun)卑,不(bu)复(fu)合瑞(rui),未必有(you)玉也(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)命(ming)(ming),其(qi)详未闻,诸侯(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)即位(wei)而见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),或(huo)(huo)历年乃加(jia)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。或(huo)(huo)巳薨而追锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。鲁(lu)桓薨后见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),则(ze)亦(yi)卫襄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)文即位(wei)见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),则(ze)亦(yi)晋惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)成八(ba)年、齐灵(ling)二十三年乃见(jian)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),随恩所加(jia),得失存乎其(qi)事。”言(yan)存乎其(qi)事者(zhe),观其(qi)锡(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早晚,知(zhi)恩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚薄,观其(qi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)恶,知(zhi)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失。故(gu)传(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)复(fu)显(xian)言(yan)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)於追命(ming)(ming)卫襄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,注云“命(ming)(ming)如今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哀策”。魏晋以(yi)来,唯天(tian)(tian)子(zi)崩乃有(you)哀策,将(jiang)葬(zang),於是(shi)(shi)遣奠读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),陈大行功德(de)(de),叙(xu)臣子(zi)哀情(qing),非(fei)此类也(ye)(ye)。人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧不(bu)作哀策,良臣既卒,或(huo)(huo)赠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)官,褒德(de)(de)叙(xu)哀,载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於策,将(jiang)葬(zang),赐(ci)其(qi)家以(yi)告柩,“如今哀策”盖此谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)。
王姬归于齐。无(wu)传。不书逆,公不与接。
[疏]注“不书逆,公不与接”。
○正(zheng)义曰:成九年伯(bo)(bo)姬(ji)(ji)归(gui)于宋(song),杜(du)云“宋(song)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使卿(qing)(qing)逆(ni),非礼”。以逆(ni)者非卿(qing)(qing),故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书。此云公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)接(jie)者,杜(du)意以公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)接(jie),虽卿(qing)(qing)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书也(ye)。所与(yu)(yu)知者,十一年齐侯来(lai)逆(ni)共姬(ji)(ji),而经不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书故也(ye)。又(you)嫁伯(bo)(bo)姬(ji)(ji)于宋(song),鲁与(yu)(yu)宋(song)无故,此时有(you)故,知不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)接(jie)也(ye)。《春秋》之例,送女不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书者,取受我而厚(hou)之,此单伯(bo)(bo)书者,为(wei)逆(ni)至於(wu)鲁,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至於(wu)齐故也(ye)。
齐师迁纪郱、鄑、郚。无传。齐欲灭纪,故徙其三邑之民而取其地。郱在东莞临朐县东南。郚在朱虚县东南。北海都昌县西有訾城。
○郱(ping),蒲丁反(fan)。鄑,子(zi)斯(si)反(fan)。郚音吾。朐,其俱(ju)反(fan)。訾,子(zi)斯(si)反(fan)。
[疏]注“齐欲”至“訾城”。
○正(zheng)义曰:齐(qi)人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)此三(san)(san)邑(yi),非(fei)三(san)(san)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)自迁(qian)也。故(gu)知齐(qi)欲(yu)灭(mie)纪,故(gu)徙其(qi)三(san)(san)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)民而取其(qi)地(di)(di)也。苏氏云,直取其(qi)地(di)(di),不(bu)取其(qi)民,故(gu)云迁(qian),不(bu)云取。不(bu)言(yan)所(suo)往之(zhi)(zhi)处者,志在去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)而已,非(fei)欲(yu)安存其(qi)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)与(yu)宋(song)人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)宿文(wen)(wen)同。其(qi)又异於邢迁(qian)也。《释例》曰:“邢迁(qian)于夷仪,则以自迁(qian)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)。宋(song)人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)宿,齐(qi)人(ren)(ren)迁(qian)阳,则以宋(song)、齐(qi)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen),各从彼此所(suo)迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)实,记注之(zhi)(zhi)常辞,亦非(fei)例也。”郱在东莞言(yan)郡(jun),郚在朱(zhu)虚不(bu)言(yan)郡(jun)者,《释例·土地(di)(di)名》“朱(zhu)虚亦属东莞”,使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)蒙上郡(jun)。
【传】“元年,春”,不称即位,(文姜出故也。文姜与桓俱行,而桓为齐所杀,故不敢还。庄公父弑母出,故不忍行即位之礼。据文姜未还,故传称文姜出也。姜於是感公意而还,不书,不告庙。
○父杀,音(yin)(yin)试,一音(yin)(yin)如字。)
[疏]注“文姜”至“告庙”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):不(bu)称即(ji)位(wei)为文(wen),姜(jiang)(jiang)出(chu)(chu)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。则(ze)(ze)即(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)未还(hai),故(gu)知庄(zhuang)公(gong)以(yi)父(fu)弑母(mu)(mu)出(chu)(chu)不(bu)忍行(xing)其(qi)即(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。经书“三(san)月(yue)(yue),夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)孙(sun)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)”,则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)来而(er)(er)(er)复去(qu)(qu),故(gu)知文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)於是(shi)(shi)感公(gong)意而(er)(er)(er)还(hai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)来,经、传(chuan)皆无夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)还(hai)事,故(gu)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“还(hai),不(bu)书,不(bu)告庙”。《释例》曰(yue):“文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身,终(zhong)始(shi)(shi)七如齐(qi)(qi),再如莒,皆以(yi)淫行(xing),书行(xing)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)书反(fan)(fan),则(ze)(ze)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还(hai),亦(yi)不(bu)告庙,推此可知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)固(gu)在齐(qi)(qi)矣(yi),其(qi)言孙(sun)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)何(he)(he)?念母(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)以(yi)存(cun)(cun)君,念母(mu)(mu)以(yi)首事。”《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“接(jie)练(lian)时,录母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变,始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)意言文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)往年(nian)(nian)(nian)如齐(qi)(qi),至(zhi)此年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)(yue)犹尚不(bu)反(fan)(fan),三(san)月(yue)(yue)练(lian)祭念及(ji)其(qi)母(mu)(mu),乃书其(qi)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben),非三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)从鲁去(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。左氏先儒皆用(yong)此说(shuo)。杜不(bu)然者,史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所书,据实而(er)(er)(er)录,未有(you)虚书其(qi)事者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)若遂不(bu)还(hai),则(ze)(ze)孙(sun)巳(si)久矣(yi),何(he)(he)故(gu)至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)言孙(sun)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)乎(hu)!公(gong)若念及(ji)於母(mu)(mu),自(zi)可迎(ying)使来归,何(he)(he)以(yi)反(fan)(fan)书其(qi)孙(sun)?岂庄(zhuang)公(gong)召命史官使书其(qi)母(mu)(mu)孙(sun)乎(hu)!又《礼(li)》三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang),期月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)练(lian)。桓公(gong)以(yi)往年(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)月(yue)(yue)薨,至(zhi)今年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue)(yue)未得一(yi)期,何(he)(he)故(gu)巳(si)得为练(lian),而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)接(jie)练(lian)录变存(cun)(cun)君念母(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若以(yi)经无还(hai)文(wen),即(ji)言留(liu)齐(qi)(qi)不(bu)反(fan)(fan),则(ze)(ze)自(zi)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)后亦(yi)无还(hai)。文(wen)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)会齐(qi)(qi)侯于(yu)禚”,岂复自(zi)齐(qi)(qi)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉?以(yi)此知三(san)月(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)从鲁去(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
“三月,夫人孙于齐”。不称姜氏,绝,不为亲,礼也。姜氏,齐姓。於文姜之义,宜与齐绝,而复奔齐,故於其奔,去姜氏以示义。
○复(fu),扶又反。去,起(qi)吕反。
[疏]注“姜氏”至“示义”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)终始皆称(cheng)(cheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏,唯此(ci)一文(wen)独异,故(gu)传(chuan)解其(qi)(qi)意云“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏,绝(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)亲(qin)”。言(yan)(yan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复为(wei)亲(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。姜(jiang)(jiang)氏者(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼》“妇人(ren)(ren)在家则(ze)天父(fu),出(chu)嫁则(ze)天夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。为(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)斩衰三年,为(wei)兄(xiong)大功(gong)九(jiu)月”。今兄(xiong)杀已夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),於(wu)(wu)(wu)文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),姜(jiang)(jiang)意不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)而(er)(er)复奔(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)奔(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)特去(qu)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏。去(qu)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏者(zhe),若言(yan)(yan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)女,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)姓(xing)(xing)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏,以(yi)(yi)示应绝(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。应绝(jue)(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),所以(yi)(yi)刺(ci)文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)“礼”者(zhe),为(wei)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)兄(xiong)礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)何以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏?贬(bian)。曷为(wei)贬(bian)?与(yu)(yu)(yu)弑(shi)公(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)弑(shi)公(gong)奈何?夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)谮公(gong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯:公(gong)曰(yue),同非吾(wu)子(zi),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯怒,使公(gong)子(zi)彭(peng)生胁幹而(er)(er)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《穀梁传(chuan)》亦(yi)云:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)氏姓(xing)(xing),贬(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《左氏》先儒取二传(chuan)为(wei)说,言(yan)(yan)传(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)“绝(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)亲(qin),礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,谓(wei)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)母(mu)(mu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)亲(qin)。为(wei)父(fu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)母(mu)(mu),得礼,尊父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),故(gu)曰(yue)“礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。杜(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然者(zhe),《释例》曰(yue):“文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)如(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),以(yi)(yi)淫(yin)见谪,惧(ju)而(er)(er)归(gui)诉於(wu)(wu)(wu)襄(xiang)公(gong)。襄(xiang)公(gong)杀公(gong),而(er)(er)委罪(zui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)彭(peng)生。弑(shi)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋,姜(jiang)(jiang)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu),疑惧(ju)而(er)(er)自留於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)感其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan),以(yi)(yi)阙(que)即位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。故(gu)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏自齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)还鲁,鲁人(ren)(ren)探(tan)情(qing)以(yi)(yi)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)复出(chu)奔(ben)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏罪(zui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)弑(shi),於(wu)(wu)(wu)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),当(dang)以(yi)(yi)母(mu)(mu)淫(yin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)其(qi)(qi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin),内(nei)全(quan)母(mu)(mu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,故(gu)经不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏。传(chuan)曰(yue)‘绝(jue)(jue)(jue),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)亲(qin),礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’,明绝(jue)(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)称(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren),明母(mu)(mu)义(yi)存也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。哀姜(jiang)(jiang)外(wai)淫(yin),故(gu)孙称(cheng)(cheng)姜(jiang)(jiang)氏,明义(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”观此(ci)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)。《释例》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),言(yan)(yan)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe),夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)犹尚(shang)宜绝(jue)(jue)(jue),庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)固宜绝(jue)(jue)(jue)矣。先儒谓(wei)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)母(mu)(mu)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),杜(du)意庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)宜与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue),故(gu)偏据庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)为(wei)文(wen),所以(yi)(yi)排旧说耳。其(qi)(qi)实夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)及(ji)公(gong)俱(ju)当(dang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
“秋,筑王姬之馆于外”。为外,礼也。齐彊鲁弱,又委罪於彭生,鲁不能雠齐,然丧制未阕,故异其礼,得礼之变。
○未阕(que),苦穴反。
[疏]注“齐彊”至“之变”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):传(chuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)直言(yan)礼(li),而(er)云(yun):“为(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai),礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)常(chang),未(wei)足褒美,正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai),是(shi)(shi)应(ying)变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),故(gu)解其(qi)(qi)意。齐(qi)(qi)彊鲁(lu)弱,又委(wei)罪(zui)彭生,鲁(lu)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)能雠(chou)齐(qi)(qi),虽内(nei)实深雠(chou),外(wai)(wai)(wai)若无怨。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢辞(ci)王(wang)(wang)命,又不(bu)(bu)(bu)欲见齐(qi)(qi)侯。因其(qi)(qi)丧(sang)制未(wei)阕,故(gu)异其(qi)(qi)礼(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)外(wai)(wai)(wai),是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)得礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)也(ye)。乐息(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阕,则(ze)“阕”训为(wei)(wei)(wei)“息(xi)”也(ye)。未(wei)阕,言(yan)其(qi)(qi)未(wei)止(zhi)息(xi)也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆(guan)(guan),必(bi)(bi)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue):“主王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),必(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改筑(zhu)(zhu),於(wu)路(lu)寝(qin)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可,小寝(qin)则(ze)嫌,群公子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舍则(ze)以卑矣,其(qi)(qi)道(dao)必(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改筑(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。”《穀梁传(chuan)》曰(yue):“於(wu)庙则(ze)巳尊,於(wu)寝(qin)则(ze)巳卑,为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筑(zhu)(zhu),节矣。”郑《箴膏肓(huang)》云(yun):“宫庙朝廷各有定处,无所(suo)馆(guan)(guan)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女,故(gu)宜筑(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)宫外(wai)(wai)(wai)。”是(shi)(shi)言(yan)须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。但杜意若其(qi)(qi)内(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)恨齐(qi)(qi),非(fei)有丧(sang)制,不(bu)(bu)(bu)须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)於(wu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)耳。此言(yan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)者(zhe)(zhe),谓城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)说《公羊》、《穀梁》者(zhe)(zhe),亦以为(wei)(wei)(wei)城外(wai)(wai)(wai)。然王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)来嫁,必(bi)(bi)须(xu)筑(zhu)(zhu)馆(guan)(guan),所(suo)以十一年(nian)王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)筑(zhu)(zhu)馆(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe),或因其(qi)(qi)旧馆(guan)(guan),或筑(zhu)(zhu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书也(ye)。
【经(jing)】二年,春,王(wang)二月,葬陈(chen)庄公。(无传(chuan)。鲁往(wang)会之,故(gu)书。例在昭六年。)
夏(xia),公(gong)子(zi)庆(qing)父帅师(shi)伐於(wu)馀丘。无传。於(wu)馀丘,国(guo)名也。庄(zhuang)公(gong)时(shi)年十五,则庆(qing)父,庄(zhuang)公(gong)庶兄。
[疏]二年注“於馀”至“庶兄”。
○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue):《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》、《穀(gu)梁》皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)馀丘为(wei)(wei)邾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)邑(yi),左氏(shi)(shi)(shi)无传(chuan)(chuan),正以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)秋上(shang)下(xia),未(wei)有伐(fa)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)而(er)(er)不系国(guo)者,此(ci)(ci)无所系,故(gu)知是(shi)国(guo)。《释例》注阙,不知其(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu),盖近鲁(lu)小国(guo)也。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)五者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)生,至此(ci)(ci)二(er)年(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)十(shi)五。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)二(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)牙、公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友,皆庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di)也。”《左氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》先(xian)(xian)儒用(yong)此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)说(shuo),杜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不然(ran),故(gu)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释例》曰(yue):“经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)‘公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)伐(fa)於(wu)(wu)馀丘’。而(er)(er)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)母弟(di),计其(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)岁,既未(wei)能统军,又无晋悼、王孙(sun)(sun)满幼知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),此(ci)(ci)盖《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妄(wang),而(er)(er)先(xian)(xian)儒曾不觉悟,取(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)《左氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》义(yi)(yi)。”今推案传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia),羽父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弑隐公(gong)(gong),皆谘(zi)谋於(wu)(wu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong),则桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)巳(si)成人(ren)也。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue):“生桓(huan)公(gong)(gong),而(er)(er)惠公(gong)(gong)薨(hong)。”指(zhi)明(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)唯有此(ci)(ci)男,非谓(wei)(wei)生在薨(hong)年(nian)(nian)也。桓(huan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成人(ren)而(er)(er)弑隐即(ji)位,乃(nai)娶於(wu)(wu)齐,自(zi)应有长(zhang)庶(shu),故(gu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),此(ci)(ci)明(ming)证(zheng)也。公(gong)(gong)疾(ji),问后於(wu)(wu)叔牙,牙称(cheng)(cheng)庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)材,疑同(tong)母也。传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)季友,文(wen)姜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爱子(zi)(zi),与公(gong)(gong)同(tong)生,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)死奉(feng)般,情(qing)义(yi)(yi)相推,考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左氏(shi)(shi)(shi),有若符契,是(shi)杜明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)异母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也。氏(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),传(chuan)(chuan)文(wen)实(shi)然(ran),而(er)(er)经(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)孙(sun)(sun),杜无明(ming)释。八年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)举(ju)谥(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)仲(zhong)(zhong),盖庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)虽为(wei)(wei)庶(shu)长(zhang),而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)字(zi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)后子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)字(zi)为(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)仲(zhong)(zhong)孙(sun)(sun)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)庶(shu)长(zhang)称(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),故(gu)传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)孙(sun)(sun),其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谥(shi)配字(zi)而(er)(er)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共(gong)仲(zhong)(zhong),犹臧僖伯、管(guan)敬仲(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也。刘(liu)炫云,盖庆(qing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong),欲同(tong)於(wu)(wu)正適,言巳(si)少次庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong),为(wei)(wei)三家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)伯,而(er)(er)自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)。《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,皆传(chuan)(chuan)言实(shi)而(er)(er)经(jing)顺(shun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)意,经(jing)称(cheng)(cheng)当时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,书(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)孙(sun)(sun),不得(de)不书(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)仲(zhong)(zhong)。传(chuan)(chuan)序(xu)巳(si)適之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语(yu),时(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)呼为(wei)(wei)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),不得(de)不以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)录(lu)。《论(lun)语(yu)》云“孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)孙(sun)(sun)问孝於(wu)(wu)我”,是(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)呼云孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也。楚(chu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)弃疾(ji)弑君(jun)取(qu)(qu)国(guo),改名为(wei)(wei)居(ju),经(jing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)楚(chu)子(zi)(zi)居(ju)卒(zu),是(shi)从其(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)也。
秋,七月,齐王(wang)姬卒。无传(chuan)。鲁为(wei)之(zhi)主,比之(zhi)内女。
[疏]注“鲁为”至“内女”。
○正(zheng)义曰:他国(guo)夫人(ren)之卒(zu),例皆(jie)不书(shu)(shu),唯鲁女为诸侯之妻书(shu)(shu)其(qi)卒(zu)耳(er)。王姬非是(shi)内女,亦书(shu)(shu)其(qi)卒(zu),为比(bi)之内女故(gu)也。《檀弓》曰:“齐告王姬之丧,鲁庄公(gong)为之大(da)功,或曰由(you)鲁嫁,故(gu)为之服(fu)姊(zi)妹(mei)之服(fu)。”是(shi)其(qi)比(bi)内女也。
冬,十有二月,夫人姜氏会齐侯于禚。夫人行不以礼,故还皆不书,不告庙也。禚,齐地。
○禚,诸若反(fan)。
乙酉,宋公冯卒。无传。再与桓同盟。
○冯,皮冰反。
[疏]注“再与桓同盟也”。
○正义曰:桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)盟于(yu)折十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)于(yu)穀丘,是再也(ye)。
【传】二(er)年,冬,“夫人(ren)姜(jiang)氏会(hui)齐(qi)侯于禚”。(书,奸也。文姜(jiang)前与(yu)公(gong)俱如齐(qi),后(hou)惧而出(chu)(chu)奔,至此始与(yu)齐(qi)好会(hui)。会(hui)非夫人(ren)之事,显然(ran)书之。传曰“书,奸”,奸在夫人(ren)。文姜(jiang)比(bi)年出(chu)(chu)会(hui),其义皆同。)
【经】三年,春,王正月,溺会齐师伐卫。(溺,鲁大夫。疾其专命而行,故去氏。
○溺(ni),乃狄反(fan)。去,起吕反(fan)。)
[疏]三年注“溺鲁”至“去氏”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):隐(yin)四年翚(hui)(hui)会宋公、陈侯、蔡人(ren)、卫(wei)人(ren)伐郑。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue):“羽父请(qing)(qing)以师会之,公弗许,固请(qing)(qing)而行(xing)。故书曰(yue)(yue)‘翚(hui)(hui)帅(shuai)师’,疾之也(ye)。”彼不称公子,传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)疾之。今溺亦(yi)不称公子,传(chuan)亦(yi)言(yan)(yan)疾之,知(zhi)其事(shi)与翚(hui)(hui)同,疾其专(zhuan)命而行(xing),故去氏(shi)(shi)也(ye)。公子非氏(shi)(shi),贬与氏(shi)(shi)同,故言(yan)(yan)氏(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
夏,四(si)月,葬宋庄公。无传。
五月,葬桓王。
秋,纪季以酅入于齐。季,纪侯弟。酅,纪邑。在齐国东安平县。齐欲灭纪,故季以邑入齐为附庸,先祀不废,社稷有奉,故书字贵之。
○酅,户圭反,本(ben)又作携。
[疏]注“季纪”至“贵之”。
○正义曰:《公羊(yang)传》曰:“纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)者(zhe)何?纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟也(ye)(ye)。何以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)名?贤也(ye)(ye)。何贤乎纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)?请(qing)后五庙以(yi)存姑姊妹。”《穀梁传》曰:“酅(xi),纪(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑也(ye)(ye)。入(ru)(ru)于齐者(zhe),以(yi)酅(xi)事(shi)齐也(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)取(qu)彼为(wei)说(shuo),知(zhi)季(ji)(ji)是纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟,以(yi)酅(xi)邑入(ru)(ru)齐,为(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,附(fu)(fu)属齐国(guo)也(ye)(ye)。诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing),例当书名,善(shan)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)存立,故(gu)(gu)(gu)书字贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰:“齐侯(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯诈(zha)朝于纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)以(yi)袭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),纪(ji)(ji)人大(da)(da)惧,而(er)谋(mou)难於鲁,请(qing)王(wang)命以(yi)求成于齐。公告不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng),齐遂逼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),迁其(qi)三(san)邑。国(guo)有旦(dan)夕(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei),而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)入(ru)(ru)为(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)分季(ji)(ji)以(yi)酅(xi),使请(qing)事(shi)于齐。大(da)(da)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,季(ji)(ji)为(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)。先祀(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废,社稷有奉,季(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)书字不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书名,书入(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书叛(pan)(pan)也(ye)(ye)。判(pan),分也(ye)(ye)。传曰始分,为(wei)纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)去张(zhang)本也(ye)(ye)。刘、贾谓纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)以(yi)酅(xi)奔齐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)叛(pan)(pan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)专酅(xi)也(ye)(ye)。传称‘纪(ji)(ji)侯(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)下齐,以(yi)与纪(ji)(ji)季(ji)(ji)’,季(ji)(ji)非叛(pan)(pan)也(ye)(ye)。纪(ji)(ji)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,叔姬(ji)归于酅(xi),明(ming)为(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)犹得专酅(xi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)可归也(ye)(ye)。”是杜(du)具说(shuo)贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)叔姬(ji)归酅(xi),知(zhi)酅(xi)为(wei)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)。附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,虽无爵命,而(er)分地建国(guo),南(nan)面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,得立宗庙,守祭祀(si)。僖二十一(yi)年传曰:“任、宿、须句(ju)、颛臾,皆(jie)(jie)风姓也(ye)(ye)。实司大(da)(da)皞与有济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)。”《论语(yu)》云:“夫颛臾,昔者(zhe)先王(wang)以(yi)为(wei)东蒙主。”须句(ju)、颛臾,皆(jie)(jie)附(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。得祀(si)所出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖,主其(qi)竟内山川,明(ming)得祀(si)先君、奉社稷。
冬,公次于滑。滑,郑地,在陈留襄邑县西北。传例曰:“凡师,过信为次。兵未有所加,所次则书之。既书兵所加,则不书其所次,以事为宜,非虚次。”
○滑(hua),乎八(ba)反,又干八(ba)反。
[疏]注“滑郑”至“虚次”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):此(ci)(ci)(ci)解略(lve),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)释例详(xiang)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“凡(fan)师(shi)(shi),一(yi)宿为(wei)(wei)(wei)舍(she),再宿为(wei)(wei)(wei)信,过信为(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)详(xiang)录师(shi)(shi)出入行(xing)止迟(chi)速(su),因为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兵(bing)(bing)事(shi)尚速(su),老师(shi)(shi)费财(cai),不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)久(jiu)。故《春秋》告(gao)命(ming)(ming)三(san)日(ri)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,必(bi)记其(qi)(qi)欠。舍(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与信不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),轻碎,不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兵(bing)(bing)未(wei)有所(suo)加,所(suo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)示迟(chi)速(su)。‘公(gong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)滑’,‘师(shi)(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)郎’,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)加,则不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),以(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,非虚次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。诸(zhu)久(jiu)兵(bing)(bing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)加,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),义(yi)在取(qu)於次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。‘遂伐(fa)楚,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)泾’,‘盟于(yu)(yu)牡(mu)丘(qiu),遂次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)匡’,是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)记或(huo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),事(shi)成(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)随事(shi)实(shi),无义(yi)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜言(yan)(yan)(yan)既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)加,则不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或(huo)伐(fa)或(huo)战,旷日(ri)持久(jiu),其(qi)(qi)间必(bi)有二(er)(er)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)战伐(fa),则不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。虽次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),皆(jie)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)加,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),义(yi)在取(qu)於次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。齐(qi)侯伐(fa)楚,楚疆,齐(qi)欲缓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)德,故不(bu)速(su)进,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)陉。盟于(yu)(yu)牡(mu)丘(qiu),本为(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)徐(xu),各使大夫(fu)救(jiu)徐(xu),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)匡以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)援,义(yi)取(qu)於次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。故书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)兵(bing)(bing)所(suo)加,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)前,谓僖元年(nian),齐(qi)师(shi)(shi)、宋师(shi)(shi)、曹师(shi)(shi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)聂北(bei),救(jiu)邢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在事(shi)后(hou)(hou),谓襄二(er)(er)十三(san)年(nian),叔孙(sun)豹帅(shuai)师(shi)(shi)救(jiu)晋,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)雍榆(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。聂北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue)(yue):“曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)救(jiu)?君也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”雍榆(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue)(yue):“曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)救(jiu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)(yan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)?先(xian)通君命(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《左氏(shi)》先(xian)儒取(qu)彼为(wei)(wei)(wei)说,言(yan)(yan)(yan)齐(qi)桓,君也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),进止自由,故先(xian)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)后(hou)(hou)救(jiu)。叔孙(sun),臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),先(xian)通君命(ming)(ming),故先(xian)救(jiu)后(hou)(hou)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。杜以(yi)(yi)(yi)传无此(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan),故改正(zheng)其(qi)(qi)谬,言(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)事(shi),或(huo)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)事(shi),或(huo)事(shi)成(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),皆(jie)随事(shi)实(shi)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无义(yi)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)儒又言(yan)(yan)(yan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。《释例》曰(yue)(yue):“‘叔孙(sun)救(jiu)晋,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)雍榆(yu)(yu)’,传曰(yue)(yue):‘礼(li)’者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),善其(qi)(qi)宗助盟主,非以(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。‘齐(qi)桓次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)聂北(bei),救(jiu)邢’,亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)存邢具其(qi)(qi)器(qi)用(yong),师(shi)(shi)人无私见善,不(bu)在次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)贾(jia)氏(shi)皆(jie)即以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)善次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与否,自是临时用(yong)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,非礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)素制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)非素制者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非礼(li)家制此(ci)(ci)(ci)名以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)善号也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。沈氏(shi)云(yun):“将会郑(zheng)伯,非军旅而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)君行(xing)师(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong),卿行(xing)旅从(cong)(cong),故亦从(cong)(cong)师(shi)(shi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
【传】“三年,春,溺会齐师伐卫”。疾之也。(传重明上例。
○重,直用反。)
“夏,五月,葬桓王”。缓(huan)也。以桓十五年三月崩,七年乃葬,故曰缓(huan)。
“秋,纪(ji)季以(yi)酅入于(yu)齐”。纪(ji)於是乎始判。判,分(fen)也。言(yan)分(fen)为附庸始於此(ci)。
“冬,公次于滑”。将会郑伯谋纪故也。郑伯辞以难。厉公在栎故。
○难,乃(nai)旦(dan)反。栎音历(li),或音书灼反。凡(fan)师,一宿为舍,再宿为信(xin),过信(xin)为次。为经(jing)书次例也(ye)。舍宿不书,轻也(ye)。言凡(fan)师,通君臣。
[疏]“传注为经”至“君臣”。
○正义曰:舍者,军行一日止而舍息也(ye)(ye)。信者,住经再宿得相信问也(ye)(ye)。《穀梁传》曰:“次(ci),止也(ye)(ye)。”则次(ci)亦(yi)止舍之名(ming)。过信以(yi)上,虽多日亦(yi)为次(ci),不(bu)复别(bie)立(li)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。通君臣者,“公(gong)次(ci)于滑”,君也(ye)(ye);“叔孙豹次(ci)于雍榆”,臣也(ye)(ye)。但是师(shi)行,皆从此(ci)例(li)(li)。君将不(bu)言帅师(shi),故止云“公(gong)次(ci)”,亦(yi)师(shi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)。非师(shi)之次(ci),则不(bu)在(zai)此(ci)例(li)(li)。《释例(li)(li)》讥贾氏云:“若鲁公(gong)次(ci)乾侯之比(bi),非为用师(shi),不(bu)应在(zai)例(li)(li),而复例(li)(li)之,亦(yi)为滥也(ye)(ye)。”
【经】四年,春,王二月,夫人姜氏享齐侯于祝丘。(无传。享,食也,两君相见之礼,非夫人所用,直书以见其失。祝丘,鲁地。
○食音嗣,又如字,本或作会。以(yi)见,贤遍反。)
[疏]“四年注享食”至“鲁地”。
○正(zheng)义曰:郑玄《仪(yi)礼》注云:“飨谓亨大(da)牢以饮宾。”则享(xiang)是饮酒大(da)礼,与会(hui)(hui)小别。而(er)以享(xiang)为会(hui)(hui)者,言夫(fu)(fu)人与齐(qi)(qi)侯会(hui)(hui)而(er)设享(xiang)礼,故书享(xiang)齐(qi)(qi)侯也(ye)。定(ding)十(shi)年夹谷之会(hui)(hui),传称“齐(qi)(qi)侯将享(xiang)公”,孔(kong)丘拒之,乃(nai)不果(guo)享(xiang)。是享(xiang)者,两君(jun)相(xiang)见(jian)之礼。二年《穀梁传》曰:“妇人不言会(hui)(hui),言会(hui)(hui),非(fei)正(zheng)也(ye)。飨,甚矣。”是享(xiang)非(fei)夫(fu)(fu)人所当用(yong)也(ye),礼不合用(yong)而(er)夫(fu)(fu)人用(yong)之,故直书以见(jian)其失也(ye)。定(ding)本(ben)“享(xiang)会(hui)(hui)”作“享(xiang)食”也(ye)。
三月,纪(ji)伯姬卒(zu)。无传。隐二年裂(lie)繻所(suo)逆者。内女唯诸侯夫人(ren)卒(zu)葬皆(jie)书(shu),恩成於敌体。
[疏]注“隐二”至“敌体”。
○正义曰(yue):《穀梁传》曰(yue):“外夫人(ren)不卒,此其(qi)言卒,何也?吾(wu)女(nv)也。適(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou),则(ze)尊同(tong),以吾(wu)为之变(bian)(bian),卒之也。”为之变(bian)(bian)者,为之服也。礼,诸(zhu)侯(hou)绝期,尊同(tong),则(ze)为之变(bian)(bian)服,服大功九月,恩(en)成(cheng)於(wu)敌体,故书(shu)其(qi)卒。適(shi)大夫则(ze)略之。《释例》曰(yue):“内(nei)女(nv)唯诸(zhu)侯(hou)夫人(ren)卒乃(nai)书(shu),恩(en)成(cheng)於(wu)敌体。其(qi)非(fei)適(shi)诸(zhu)侯(hou),则(ze)略之,以服制相准(zhun)也。生(sheng)书(shu)其(qi)来,而死不录其(qi)卒,从外大夫之比也。”
夏,齐(qi)侯、陈侯、郑伯遇于(yu)垂。无传(chuan)。
纪侯大去(qu)其国。以(yi)国与季,季奉(feng)社(she)稷,故(gu)不言灭(mie);不见迫逐,故(gu)不言奔。大去(qu)者,不反(fan)之辞。
[疏]注“以国”至“之辞”。
○正义曰(yue):传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)“纪(ji)侯不(bu)(bu)能下齐(qi),以(yi)(yi)与(yu)纪(ji)季(ji)(ji)”,是(shi)(shi)往(wang)年(nian)(nian)分酅与(yu)之(zhi),纪(ji)国(guo)(guo)(guo)犹在,今则(ze)(ze)全以(yi)(yi)纪(ji)与(yu)之(zhi),故云(yun)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)与(yu)季(ji)(ji)。《释例》曰(yue):“纪(ji)侯力弱虑穷,自以(yi)(yi)列(lie)国(guo)(guo)(guo),不(bu)(bu)忍屈臣(chen)於(wu)齐(qi),使(shi)季(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)酅求(qiu)安,而脱(tuo)身外(wai)寓。季(ji)(ji)果为(wei)附庸(yong),社稷有奉,故不(bu)(bu)言灭。不(bu)(bu)见(jian)迫逐(zhu),故不(bu)(bu)言奔(ben)。大去者,不(bu)(bu)反之(zhi)辞。盖时(shi)史即实(shi)而言,仲(zhong)尼弗改。故传(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)言故书(shu)书(shu)曰(yue)也(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)说大去之(zhi)意也(ye)。灭人(ren)国(guo)(guo)(guo)者,皆(jie)毁(hui)其(qi)(qi)宗庙,迁其(qi)(qi)社稷。纪(ji)季(ji)(ji)虽(sui)降为(wei)附庸(yong),得(de)(de)自立庙社,而其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)灭也(ye)。诸侯之(zhi)奔(ben),皆(jie)被逐(zhu)而出,此(ci)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)迫逐(zhu),故不(bu)(bu)言奔(ben)。时(shi)史谓(wei)之(zhi)大去,仲(zhong)尼以(yi)(yi)为(wei)得(de)(de)理(li),故因而用之(zhi)。十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),“叔(shu)姬(ji)归于酅”,则(ze)(ze)纪(ji)季(ji)(ji)虽(sui)全得(de)(de)纪(ji)国(guo)(guo)(guo),亦不(bu)(bu)移就(jiu)纪(ji)都,纪(ji)之(zhi)宗庙、社稷皆(jie)迁之(zhi)於(wu)酅,承祀如本,故为(wei)不(bu)(bu)灭。虽(sui)云(yun)国(guo)(guo)(guo)祚不(bu)(bu)灭,其(qi)(qi)实(shi)为(wei)齐(qi)所吞。纪(ji)之(zhi)器物财贿亦应为(wei)齐(qi)得(de)(de)。成二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)“纪(ji)甗、玉磬”,目之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)纪(ji),得(de)(de)非灭纪(ji)所得(de)(de)也(ye)。季(ji)(ji)既入臣(chen)於(wu)齐(qi),纵使(shi)齐(qi)不(bu)(bu)自取,必(bi)应以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)为(wei)赂,假令季(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)赂齐(qi),亦是(shi)(shi)灭纪(ji)所得(de)(de)也(ye)。
六月(yue),乙丑,齐侯葬纪伯姬(ji)。无(wu)传。纪季入酅,为齐附庸,而纪侯大去(qu)其国(guo),齐侯加礼初(chu)附,以(yi)崇厚(hou)义,故摄伯姬(ji)之(zhi)丧,而以(yi)纪国(guo)夫(fu)人(ren)礼葬之(zhi)。
[疏]注“纪季”至“葬之”。
○正义曰(yue):纪(ji)侯(hou)由齐大去,则是齐为纪(ji)雠,而(er)葬(zang)其(qi)(qi)夫人,故(gu)解其(qi)(qi)意云云。虽(sui)为齐侯(hou)所葬(zang),亦(yi)由鲁往会之(zhi),故(gu)书(shu)。《释例(li)》曰(yue):“纪(ji)侯(hou)大去其(qi)(qi)国,令弟纳邑附(fu)齐,齐侯(hou)嘉而(er)愍(min)之(zhi),恩(en)及伯姬(ji)。伯姬(ji),鲁女,故(gu)以(yi)来告,大夫会葬(zang),故(gu)书(shu)齐侯(hou)葬(zang)纪(ji)伯姬(ji)也。不书(shu)谥者,亡国之(zhi)妇,夫妻皆降,莫与之(zhi)谥。而(er)贾、许、方以(yi)诸侯(hou)礼(li)说,又失(shi)之(zhi)也。”
秋,七月。
○冬,公及齐人狩于禚。无传。公越竟与齐微者俱狩,失礼可知。
○狩,于又反。竟音境(jing),本又作(zuo)境(jing)。
【传】四年,春,王正月。楚武王荆尸,授师孑焉,以伐随。(尸,陈也。荆亦楚也,更为楚陈兵之法。扬雄《方言》:“孑者,戟也。”然则楚始於此参用戟为陈。
○孑,吉(ji)热反(fan)(fan)。《方言》云“楚(chu)谓戟为孑”。为陈,直觐反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“尸陈”至“为陈”。
○正义曰:“尸(shi)(shi),陈(chen)也”,《释(shi)诂》文。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)即楚之旧邑,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)亦(yi)楚也。楚本小国(guo),地狭民少,虽时(shi)复出师,未自为法式,今(jin)始(shi)言(yan)(yan)“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)”,则武王(wang)初(chu)为此楚国(guo)陈(chen)兵之法,名曰“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)”,使后(hou)人用之。宣十二年传称“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)尸(shi)(shi)而举(ju)”,是(shi)遵行之也。杨雄以(yi)《尔雅·释(shi)诂》今(jin)之语(yu)作书拟(ni)之,采(cai)异方之语(yu),谓之《方言(yan)(yan)》。《方言(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)“戟(ji)(ji)(ji)谓之孑(jie)(jie)”,郭璞云(yun)(yun)“取名於(wu)钩(gou)孑(jie)(jie)也”。戟(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)击(ji)刺之兵,有上(shang)刺之刃,又有下钩(gou)之刃,故(gu)以(yi)钩(gou)孑(jie)(jie)为名也。始(shi)云(yun)(yun)“授(shou)(shou)师孑(jie)(jie)焉”,是(shi)往前未以(yi)此器授(shou)(shou)师,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“然则楚始(shi)於(wu)此参(can)(can)用戟(ji)(ji)(ji)为陈(chen)”。言(yan)(yan)参(can)(can)用之者,参(can)(can)杂(za)用之。陈(chen)之所用,非专(zhuan)用戟(ji)(ji)(ji)。
将齐,人告夫人邓曼曰:“余心荡。”将授兵于庙,故齐。荡,动散也。
○将齐,侧皆反,注同。邓曼叹曰:“王禄尽矣!盈而荡,天之道也。先君其知之矣,故临武事,将发大命,而荡王心焉。楚为小国,僻陋在夷,至此武王始起其众,僣号称王,陈兵授师,志意盈满,临齐而散,故邓曼以天地鬼神为徵应之符。
○僻,匹亦反。僣,子念反。应,应对之应。若师徒无亏,王薨於行,国之福也。”王薨於行,不死於敌。王遂行,卒於樠木之下。樠木,木名。
○樠,朗荡反,又莫昆反,又武元反。
[疏]注“樠木,木名”。
○正义曰:此字(zi)之音,或为(wei)曼,或为(wei)朗(lang)。若以为(wei)声(sheng),当(dang)作(zuo)“曼”;以两为(wei)声(sheng),当(dang)作(zuo)“朗(lang)”。字(zi)体难(nan)定,或两为(wei)之音。杜直云木(mu)名(ming),不知木(mu)何(he)所(suo)似(si)(si)。木(mu)有似(si)(si)榆(yu)者,俗呼(hu)为(wei)朗(lang)榆(yu),盖(gai)为(wei)朗(lang)也?
令尹斗祁、莫敖屈重除道梁溠,营军临随。随人惧,行成。时祕王丧,故为奇兵更开直道。溠水在义阳厥县西,东南人郧水。梁,桥也。随人不意其至,故惧而行成。
○重,直(zhi)用反(fan),一(yi)音直(zhi)容反(fan)。溠,高贵乡公音侧嫁反(fan),水名;《字林(lin)》壮加(jia)反(fan)。郧音云,或(huo)作(zuo)员。
[疏]注“时祕”至“行成”。
○正义曰:除道,谓除治新路,故知(zhi)更开直道。梁溠(zha),为作梁於(wu)溠(zha),故为桥也。《释例》曰:“义阳厥(jue)县西有漈(ji)水,源出(chu)县北,从县西东南至随(sui)县入(ru)郧水。”杜(du)以漈(ji)解(jie)溠(zha),盖声相近而字(zi)转(zhuan)耳(er)。
莫敖以王命入盟随侯,且请为会於汉汭而还。汭,内也,谓汉西。
○汭,如(ru)锐反,水曲曰(yue)汭。济(ji)汉而后发丧(sang)。
[疏(shu)]“且请(qing)”至“发丧”。正义曰:莫敖既与(yu)(yu)随侯盟,且又请(qing)随侯与(yu)(yu)楚为会礼於汉(han)水之汭(rui),而(er)我还楚也。随侯畏楚,遂从莫敖为会礼。会讫,随侯因济汉(han)还国,而(er)后发王(wang)丧也。
纪侯不能下齐,以与纪季。不能降屈事齐,尽以国与季,明季不叛。
○下,遐嫁反。夏,纪侯大去其国,违齐难也。违,辟也。
○难,乃旦反(fan)。
【经】五年,春,王正月(yue)。
夏(xia),夫人姜氏如齐师。无传,书(shu)奸。
[疏]“五年夫人”至“齐师”。
○正义曰:於时齐(qi)无征伐之(zhi)事,不知师(shi)(shi)在何处。盖(gai)齐(qi)侯疆理纪(ji)地,有师(shi)(shi)在纪(ji)。杜(du)云(yun)“书奸”,奸发夫人(ren),当向(xiang)纪(ji)地从之(zhi)。不言会(hui)者,往其军(jun)内就齐(qi)侯耳,不行会(hui)礼。
秋,郳犁来来朝。附庸国也。东海昌虑县东北有郳城。犁来,名。
○郳,五兮(xi)反(fan),国名,后为小邾。犁,力兮(xi)反(fan)。虑,如(ru)字(zi),又(you)力於反(fan)。
冬(dong),公会(hui)齐人、宋人、陈(chen)人、蔡(cai)人伐卫(wei)。
【传】五年,“秋,郳犁来来朝”。名,未王命也。(未受爵命为诸侯,传发附庸称名例也。其后数从齐桓以尊周室,王命以为小邾子。
○数音朔。)
[疏]注“未受”至“邾子”。
○正义(yi)曰:郳(ni)(ni)(ni)者(zhe),附(fu)庸(yong)之(zhi)国。犁(li)来,其(qi)君之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。传(chuan)言(yan)未王命(ming)者(zhe),解(jie)其(qi)称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)意。由未得(de)爵命(ming)为(wei)诸(zhu)侯,故称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)。经(jing)书其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),传(chuan)言(yan)未王命(ming),此传(chuan)所(suo)发即是附(fu)庸(yong)称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)例(li)。例(li)当称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming),故仪父(fu)称(cheng)字为(wei)贵(gui)之(zhi)也(ye)。郳(ni)(ni)(ni)之(zhi)上世(shi)(shi)出於(wu)邾(zhu)(zhu)国。《世(shi)(shi)本》云:“邾(zhu)(zhu)颜(yan)居邾(zhu)(zhu),肥徙(xi)郳(ni)(ni)(ni)”,宋仲子(zi)注云:“邾(zhu)(zhu)颜(yan)别(bie)封小子(zi)肥於(wu)郳(ni)(ni)(ni),为(wei)小邾(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)。”则颜(yan)是邾(zhu)(zhu)君,肥始封郳(ni)(ni)(ni)。《谱》云:“小邾(zhu)(zhu),邾(zhu)(zhu)侠(xia)之(zhi)后也(ye)。夷父(fu)颜(yan)有(you)功於(wu)周,其(qi)子(zi)友(you)别(bie)封为(wei)附(fu)庸(yong),居郳(ni)(ni)(ni)。曾孙犁(li)来,始见《春秋(qiu)》,附(fu)从齐(qi)桓以尊周室,命(ming)为(wei)小邾(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)。穆公(gong)之(zhi)孙惠公(gong)以下(xia)。《春秋(qiu)》后六世(shi)(shi)而(er)楚灭之(zhi)。”《世(shi)(shi)本》言(yan)肥,杜(du)《谱》言(yan)友(you),当是一(yi)人。僖七年(nian)经(jing)书“小邾(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)来朝”,知齐(qi)桓请王命(ming)命(ming)之(zhi)。
冬,伐卫(wei),纳惠(hui)公(gong)也。惠(hui)公(gong),朔也。桓十六年(nian)出奔齐。
【经】六年,春,王正月(yue),王人(ren)子突救卫。(王人(ren),王之微官也,虽官卑(bei)而(er)(er)见授以大事,故称人(ren)而(er)(er)又(you)称字。)
[疏]“六年注王人”至“称字”。
○正义(yi)曰:昭十(shi)二年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)“叔孙昭子三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)逾父兄”,则(ze)昭子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父叔孙豹(bao)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye),再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)名(ming)(ming)见於(wu)经。知诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)皆(jie)书(shu)名(ming)(ming),一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)乃称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)既然,则(ze)王(wang)(wang)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)亦(yi)然。《周礼》王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)再(zai)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),下士(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)以(yi)为(wei)刘夏石尚称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)氏者(zhe),上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye),称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),下士(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。僖八年(nian)《公羊(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)微(wei)者(zhe)”。知此(ci)王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)微(wei)者(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云“王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren),王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)官(guan)(guan)也(ye)”。春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,二字而(er)子在上(shang)者(zhe),皆(jie)是字,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知子罕是字。救卫(wei)必(bi)以(yi)师救,而(er)文(wen)不称(cheng)师,於(wu)例为(wei)将卑(bei)师少,以(yi)卑(bei)官(guan)(guan)而(er)帅少师救卫(wei),不能使卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)不入,是无(wu)功也(ye)。无(wu)功而(er)称(cheng)字者(zhe),以(yi)朔(shuo)既谗构取国,而(er)又不能於(wu)民,王(wang)(wang)意(yi)即定,黔牟不欲使朔(shuo)得人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)遣师救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时史(shi)恶(e)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)逆王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)尊王(wang)(wang)使,言子突虽则(ze)官(guan)(guan)卑(bei),蒙王(wang)(wang)授以(yi)大事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)而(er)又称(cheng)字,贵(gui)王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)所以(yi)责(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)也(ye)。《释例》曰:“庄六年(nian),五国诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)犯逆王(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)纳卫(wei)朔(shuo),大其(qi)事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)字王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子突。”是说进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)。进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不称(cheng)名(ming)(ming)而(er)越称(cheng)字者(zhe),王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、下士(shi)(shi)(shi)爵(jue)同(tong)(tong)而(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)异耳。进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)士(shi)(shi)(shi),未(wei)足以(yi)为(wei)荣,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)超从大夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例,称(cheng)字以(yi)贵(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。文(wen)二年(nian),垂陇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,晋士(shi)(shi)(shi)穀(gu)堪其(qi)事即书(shu)名(ming)(ming)氏,似若真为(wei)卿然,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不复称(cheng)人(ren)(ren)。此(ci)贵(gui)子突止(zhi)为(wei)敦责(ze)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),非是人(ren)(ren)实堪进,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)人(ren)(ren),依其(qi)本班(ban),称(cheng)字,见其(qi)别有所为(wei)耳。《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)(chuan)》曰:“王(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren),卑(bei)者(zhe)也(ye),称(cheng)名(ming)(ming),贵(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),善(shan)救卫(wei)也(ye)。救者(zhe)善(shan),则(ze)伐者(zhe)不正矣。”杜(du)意(yi)取彼为(wei)说,唯(wei)以(yi)子突为(wei)字耳。范宁注《穀(gu)梁》,亦(yi)云此(ci)“名(ming)(ming)”当为(wei)“字”误尔。
夏,六月,卫侯朔入于卫。朔为诸侯所纳(na),不称归而以(yi)(yi)国逆为文,朔惧失众心,以(yi)(yi)国逆告也。归入例(li)在成十(shi)八年。
[疏]注“朔为”至“八年”。
○正(zheng)义曰:去(qu)年齐、宋(song)、陈、蔡(cai)伐卫,传曰:“纳(na)(na)(na)惠公也。”此(ci)年卫侯(hou)得入(ru)(ru),则是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯(hou)纳(na)(na)(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),当言归(gui),而(er)经(jing)书(shu)“入(ru)(ru)”。成十五年宋(song)华(hua)元奔晋,宋(song)人迎而(er)反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),当言“复归(gui)”,而(er)经(jing)书(shu)“归(gui)”。《释例》曰:“朔惧(ju)有(you)违众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犯,而(er)以国(guo)逆(ni)告。华(hua)元实(shi)国(guo)逆(ni),欲挟晋以自助(zhu),故以外纳(na)(na)(na)赴,《春秋》从(cong)而(er)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),示(shi)二(er)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)也。”凡诸侯(hou)外纳(na)(na)(na)有(you)三:一者,以言语告请得入(ru)(ru),“蔡(cai)季(ji)归(gui)于(yu)蔡(cai)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也;二(er)者,兴师送(song)入(ru)(ru)其(qi)(qi)国(guo),“楚人围陈,纳(na)(na)(na)顿(dun)子(zi)于(yu)顿(dun)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也;三者,所纳(na)(na)(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君别(bie)在他国(guo),而(er)诸侯(hou)师伐彼国(guo),令其(qi)(qi)得入(ru)(ru),今公及(ji)诸侯(hou)伐卫是(shi)(shi)(shi)也。
秋,公至自伐卫。无传。告(gao)於庙也。
螟。无传。为灾。
○螟,亡丁反。
冬,齐人来归卫俘。《公羊》、《穀梁》经传皆言“卫宝”,此传亦言“宝”。唯此经言“俘”,疑经误。俘,囚也。
○俘,芳夫反。
[疏]注“公羊”至“囚也”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰:《释(shi)例》曰:“‘齐人来归卫(wei)宝’,《公(gong)羊》、《穀梁》经传及(ji)左(zuo)氏传皆同。唯(wei)左(zuo)氏经独言(yan)‘卫(wei)俘’,考三家经传有六,而(er)其(qi)五皆言(yan)‘宝’,此必左(zuo)氏经之(zhi)独误(wu)(wu)也(ye)。案《说文》‘保(bao),从人,省声。古(gu)文不省’。然则古(gu)字(zi)通用‘宝’或‘’字(zi),与‘俘’相似,故误(wu)(wu)作(zuo)‘俘’耳(er)。”杜既以(yi)为(wei)误(wu)(wu),而(er)又解俘为(wei)囚,是其(qi)不敢(gan)正(zheng)(zheng)决,故且从之(zhi)。
【传】六年,春,王人救(jiu)卫(wei)。
夏,卫侯入,放公子黔牟于周,放甯跪于秦,杀左公子洩、右公子职,甯跪,卫大夫。宥之以远曰放。
○甯,乃定反。跪,其毁反。宥音又。乃即位。君子以二公子之立黔牟为不度矣。夫能固位者,必度於本末而后立衷焉。不知其本,不谋。知本之不枝,弗强。本末,终始也。衷,节適也。譬之树木,本弱者其枝必披,非人力所能强成。
○度,待洛反,下同。衷,丁仲反,注同;王音忠。强,其丈反,注同。披,普靡反,又普知反。《诗》云:“本枝百世。”《诗·大雅》,言文王本枝俱茂,蕃滋百世也。
○蕃音烦。
[疏]“君子”至“百世”。
○正义(yi)曰:君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)二公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)立(li)(li)黔牟也,为(wei)(wei)不(bu)知(zhi)揆度(du)形势矣(yi)。夫立(li)(li)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)君,使能(neng)自坚固(gu)其(qi)(qi)位者(zhe),必当揆度(du)於本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)末。度(du)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe),谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)才德(de)贤善,根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)牢固(gu);度(du)其(qi)(qi)末者(zhe),谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)久终能(neng)保(bao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)邦国,蕃育子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)堪能(neng)自固(gu)而后立(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)衷焉。衷谓(wei)节適,言使得(de)节適时,乃立(li)(li)之(zhi)也。若(ruo)不(bu)能(neng)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)之(zhi)可立(li)(li)与否,则不(bu)当谋之(zhi)。如似树(shu)木,知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)之(zhi)弱,不(bu)能(neng)生长枝(zhi)叶(ye),以(yi)喻所(suo)立(li)(li)之(zhi)人(ren)材力劣弱,不(bu)能(neng)保(bao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)邦国,蕃育子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,则不(bu)须自强立(li)(li)之(zhi)。《诗》以(yi)树(shu)木本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)幹喻適,枝(zhi)叶(ye)喻庶(shu),言文(wen)(wen)王子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)幹枝(zhi)叶(ye),適子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),皆传国百世。由文(wen)(wen)王之(zhi)德(de)堪使蕃滋故也。刘炫云:度(du)其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)谓(wei)思所(suo)立(li)(li)之(zhi)人(ren),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)母氏之(zhi)宠(chong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)先君之(zhi)爱(ai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彊臣之(zhi)援,为(wei)(wei)国人(ren)所(suo)信服也。度(du)其(qi)(qi)末,谓(wei)思所(suo)立(li)(li)之(zhi)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)度(du)量,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)知(zhi)谋,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)治(zhi)术(shu),为(wei)(wei)下民所(suo)爱(ai)乐也。
冬,齐人来归卫宝,文姜请之也。公亲与齐共伐卫,事毕而还。文姜淫於齐侯,故求其所获珍宝,使以归鲁,欲说鲁以谢惭。
○说音悦。
楚文王伐申,过邓。邓祁侯曰:“吾甥也。”祁,谥也。姊妹之子曰甥。
○祁,巨支反;《字林》上(shang)尸(shi)反。
[疏]注“祁谥”至“曰甥”。
○正义曰:谥(shi)法,经(jing)典不(bu)易(yi)曰祁。卫有石(shi)祁子,亦谥(shi)也。《释(shi)亲》云:“谓我舅者,吾谓之(zhi)甥(sheng)。”是姊妹之(zhi)子曰甥(sheng)。
止而享之,骓甥、聃甥、养甥请杀楚子,皆邓甥,仕於舅氏也。
○骓音隹。邓侯弗许。三甥曰:“亡邓国者,必此人也。若不早图,后君噬齐,若齧腹齐,喻不可及。
○噬(shi),市制(zhi)反(fan)。齐,粗(cu)兮反(fan)。齧,五结反(fan)。其(qi)及(ji)图(tu)之乎?图(tu)之,此为(wei)时矣!”邓侯曰:“人(ren)将不食(shi)吾馀。”言自害其(qi)甥(sheng),必为(wei)人(ren)所(suo)贱。
[疏]“人将不食吾馀”。
○正义曰:食(shi)谓啖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为甥设(she)享(xiang)而因享(xiang)害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所有(you)馀(yu)食(shi),更为人设(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),将贱吾,不肯复食(shi)啖吾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀(yu)食(shi)也。《膏(gao)肓(huang)》以(yi)为楚(chu)、邓彊(qiang)弱相县,若(ruo)从三甥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,楚(chu)子(zi)虽死,邓灭曾(ceng)不旋踵(zhong),若(ruo)刳腹去疾,炊(chui)炭止沸,《左氏》为短(duan)。郑箴云:“楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彊(qiang)盛,从灭邓以(yi)后。於时(shi)楚(chu)未为彊(qiang),何得云‘彊(qiang)弱相县’。”苏(su)氏云:“三甥既有(you)此语,左氏因史(shi)记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文录其实(shi)事(shi)。非君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论,何以(yi)非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”
对曰:“若不从三臣,抑社稷实不血食,而君焉取馀?”言君无复馀。
○焉,於虔反。复(fu),扶又反,下文同(tong)。弗从。还年(nian)(nian),楚子(zi)伐(fa)(fa)邓(deng)。伐(fa)(fa)申还之(zhi)年(nian)(nian)。十(shi)六年(nian)(nian),楚复(fu)伐(fa)(fa)邓(deng),灭之(zhi)。鲁庄公十(shi)六年(nian)(nian),楚终强盛,为经书楚事张本。
[疏]注“鲁庄公十六年”。
○正义曰:知非楚文王(wang)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)者,以文王(wang)庄(zhuang)五年(nian)即位,至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)卒。唯十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)耳(er)。
【经】七(qi)年,春,夫(fu)人姜(jiang)氏会齐侯(hou)于防(fang)。(防(fang),鲁地。)
夏,四月,辛卯,夜,恒星不见。恒,常也,谓常见之星。辛卯,四月五日,月光尚微,盖时无云,日光不以昏没。
○不见,贤遍反,注及传皆(jie)同。
[疏]七年注“恒常”至“昏没”。
○正义曰:“恒,常”,《释诂》文。夜(ye)者(zhe),自昏(hun)(hun)(hun)至(zhi)旦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名。但(dan)此经(jing)不(bu)言夜(ye)中(zhong),则(ze)此言夜(ye)者(zhe),夜(ye)未至(zhi)中(zhong),谓(wei)初昏(hun)(hun)(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后耳,非竟夜(ye)不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。《穀梁》“夜(ye)”作“昔”。传曰:“日(ri)(ri)入至(zhi)於(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)出谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昔,不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe),可以(yi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)。”必如(ru)彼言,星(xing)(xing)(xing)出以(yi)前名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰昔,则(ze)名昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)法(fa)当(dang)未有星(xing)(xing)(xing)矣。何以(yi)怪其不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)而书为异(yi)也(ye)(ye)?明经(jing)所言夜(ye)者(zhe),夜(ye)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,星(xing)(xing)(xing)应(ying)见(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),而不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)耳。《公(gong)羊传》曰:“恒星(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)何?列星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。”言天官(guan)列宿(su)常见(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。於(wu)时(shi)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)月(yue),则(ze)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仲(zhong)春。《月(yue)令》“仲(zhong)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),日(ri)(ri)在奎,昏(hun)(hun)(hun)弧(hu)中(zhong)”,郑玄云(yun)(yun):“弧(hu)在舆鬼(gui)南。”则(ze)於(wu)时(shi)南方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing),尽(jin)当(dang)列见(jian)(jian)(jian),谓(wei)常见(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe),谓(wei)南方星(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。杜以(yi)《长历》校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),知辛卯(mao)是四(si)月(yue)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)。杜以(yi)五(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)光(guang)(guang)尚(shang)微,不(bu)能(neng)奄星(xing)(xing)(xing)使不(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。若有云(yun)(yun)蔽,当(dang)时(shi)复无云(yun)(yun),盖日(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)不(bu)以(yi)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)没,是故以(yi)为异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
夜中,星陨如雨。如,而也。夜半乃有云,星落而且雨,其数多,皆记异也。日光不匿,恒星不见,而云夜中者,以水漏知之。
○夜(ye)中,夜(ye)半也,丁仲反(fan)(fan),又如字。陨,于闵反(fan)(fan),落也。匿,女力反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注(zhu)“如(ru)而(er)”至“知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。正(zheng)义(yi)曰:《公(gong)羊》说“如(ru)雨(yu)”者,言(yan)其(qi)状(zhuang)似(si)雨(yu)也(ye)。此传言(yan)“星(xing)(xing)陨(yun)如(ru)雨(yu),与(yu)雨(yu)偕也(ye)”,偕训为(wei)(wei)俱,与(yu)雨(yu)俱下(xia),不得为(wei)(wei)状(zhuang)似(si)雨(yu)也(ye)。故(gu)转如(ru)为(wei)(wei)而(er),谓星(xing)(xing)落而(er)且(qie)雨(yu),其(qi)数多(duo),与(yu)雨(yu)杂下(xia),所落非(fei)一(yi)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)。非(fei)常为(wei)(wei)异(yi),害物为(wei)(wei)灾,此二(er)事(shi)虽是(shi)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变异(yi),不见(jian)物被灾害,皆记异(yi)也(ye)。星(xing)(xing)陨(yun)非(fei)常,固可记异(yi)。雨(yu)乃(nai)常事(shi),亦言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,见(jian)星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陨(yun),其(qi)势宜明,时乃(nai)阴雨(yu),雨(yu)内见(jian)星(xing)(xing),所以为(wei)(wei)异(yi)。主言(yan)星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi),不言(yan)雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)异(yi)也(ye)。夜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早晚,以星(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)验。日光不匿,恒星(xing)(xing)不见(jian),而(er)云夜中(zhong)者,以水漏(lou)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。漏(lou)者,昼夜百刻。於时春分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)夜当(dang)五十刻,二(er)十五刻而(er)夜半也(ye)。
秋,大水。无传。
无麦、苗。今五月,周之秋。平地出水,漂杀熟麦及五稼之苗。
○漂(piao),匹(pi)妙(miao)反(fan),又匹(pi)遥反(fan)。
[疏]注“今五”至“之苗”。
○正义曰(yue):直言无(wu)(wu)(wu)麦(mai)、苗,似是麦(mai)之(zhi)苗,而知(zhi)麦(mai)、苗别者,《公羊传》曰(yue):“曷为(wei)先言无(wu)(wu)(wu)麦(mai),而后言无(wu)(wu)(wu)苗?待(dai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)麦(mai),然后书无(wu)(wu)(wu)苗。”如彼传文,知(zhi)麦(mai)、苗别也。且(qie)此秋,今之(zhi)五(wu)月(yue),麦(mai)巳(si)熟矣,不得方云麦(mai)之(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)苗,故(gu)知(zhi)熟麦(mai)及五(wu)稼(jia)之(zhi)苗皆为(wei)水漂杀也。种之(zhi)曰(yue)稼(jia),敛之(zhi)曰(yue)穑(se)。《月(yue)令》五(wu)时食(shi)穀、黍(shu)、稷、麻、麦(mai)、豆(dou),《周(zhou)礼》谓之(zhi)五(wu)穀,故(gu)云五(wu)稼(jia)之(zhi)苗。何休云:“禾初生曰(yue)苗,秀曰(yue)禾。”
冬,夫人姜氏会齐侯于穀。无传。穀,齐地,今济北穀城县。
【传】七年,春,文姜会齐侯于防,齐志也。(文姜数与齐侯会。至齐地,则奸发夫人;至鲁地,则齐侯之志,故传略举二端以言之。
○数音朔。)
[疏]注“文(wen)姜”至“言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)”。正(zheng)义曰:文(wen)姜数与齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯会者:二年(nian)于(yu)禚,四年(nian)于(yu)祝(zhu)丘,五(wu)年(nian)如齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师,此年(nian)于(yu)防、于(yu)穀(gu)是(shi)也(ye)。哀十五(wu)年(nian)传(chuan)称(cheng)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)致(zhi)禚、媚、杏於(wu)(wu)(wu)卫”,则(ze)禚是(shi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)。定(ding)五(wu)年(nian)传(chuan)称(cheng)“季平子行(xing)东野,卒于(yu)房”,则(ze)防是(shi)鲁地(di)。传(chuan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)言(yan)(yan)书(shu)奸,於(wu)(wu)(wu)鲁地(di)言(yan)(yan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi),故(gu)(gu)知至齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)则(ze)奸发(fa)夫(fu)人,至鲁地(di)则(ze)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)也(ye)。二年(nian)会之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi),此年(nian)会之(zhi)(zhi)末,故(gu)(gu)传(chuan)略举二端以言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),明其(qi)馀意同也(ye)。杜于(yu)禚、于(yu)穀(gu),皆言(yan)(yan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di),于(yu)祝(zhu)丘言(yan)(yan)鲁地(di),见(jian)其(qi)有二意。若其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然,桓五(wu)年(nian)经(jing)书(shu)“城祝(zhu)丘”,祝(zhu)丘鲁地(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)须解之(zhi)(zhi)。《释例(li)(li)》曰:“妇(fu)人无(wu)外(wai)事(shi),见(jian)兄弟不(bu)(bu)(bu)逾阈。故(gu)(gu)其(qi)他(ta)行(xing),非礼所及(ji),亦例(li)(li)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)存。而当其(qi)时(shi)实(shi)有出入,或(huo)以事(shi)宜,或(huo)以淫纵,小君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu),故(gu)(gu)直书(shu)其(qi)行(xing),而其(qi)善恶各(ge)系(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)本。会于(yu)禚,传(chuan)称(cheng)书(shu)奸,夫(fu)人入齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)也(ye)。会于(yu)防,传(chuan)称(cheng)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯入鲁地(di)也(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)无(wu)例(li)(li),传(chuan)以实(shi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。”
夏,恒星不见,夜明也。星陨如雨,与雨偕也。偕,俱也。
○偕(xie)音皆。秋,无麦、苗,不(bu)害嘉(jia)穀(gu)(gu)也。黍稷尚可更种,故曰(yue)不(bu)害嘉(jia)穀(gu)(gu)。
【经】八年,春,王正月,师次于(yu)郎(lang),以(yi)俟陈人、蔡人。(无(wu)传。期共(gong)伐郕,陈、蔡不至,故驻(zhu)师于(yu)郎(lang)以(yi)待(dai)之。)
[疏]“八年注期共”至“待之”。
○正义曰:唯(wei)言以俟(si)陈、蔡,不知何(he)故待(dai)(dai)之(zhi)。下有“师(shi)及(ji)齐师(shi)围郕”,或与(yu)陈、蔡同计,故云(yun)“期共伐(fa)郕,陈、蔡不至,故待(dai)(dai)之(zhi)”。贾逵及(ji)说《穀梁》者(zhe)皆云(yun)陈、蔡欲伐(fa)鲁,故待(dai)(dai)之(zhi)。陈、蔡於(wu)鲁竟绝路遥,《春秋》以来(lai)(lai)末(mo)尝构(gou)怨,何(he)因(yin)辄伐(fa)鲁也?又俟(si)者(zhe),相(xiang)须同行之(zhi)辞,非防寇(kou)拒敌(di)之(zhi)称,若是(shi)畏其来(lai)(lai)伐(fa),当谓之(zhi)御,不得称俟(si),故知“期共伐(fa)郕”耳(er)。何(he)休、服虔(qian)亦言欲共伐(fa)郕。
甲午,治(zhi)兵(bing)。治(zhi)兵(bing)於庙,习(xi)号令,将以围郕。
[疏(shu)]注“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)”至“围(wei)郕(cheng)”。正义曰:《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》:“中(zhong)春,教(jiao)振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv);中(zhong)秋,教(jiao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)。”《穀梁(liang)传》曰:“出(chu)(chu)曰治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),习战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)曰振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv),习战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《公羊(yang)传》曰:“出(chu)(chu)曰祠兵(bing)(bing)(bing),入(ru)曰振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv),其礼(li)(li)(li)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆习战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释天》云(yun):“出(chu)(chu)为(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),尚威武也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)为(wei)振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv),反尊(zun)卑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙炎云(yun):“出(chu)(chu)则(ze)(ze)幼贱在(zai)前(qian),贵勇力也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);入(ru)则(ze)(ze)尊(zun)老在(zai)前(qian),复常法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”彼言(yan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)、振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)皆谓(wei)因田猎(lie)而(er)选车徒、教(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)法、习号(hao)令,知此治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)亦(yi)是(shi)习号(hao)令,此治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)於庙(miao)(miao),欲就尊(zun)严之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)畏威用命耳(er)。但军旅(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)非(fei)庙(miao)(miao)内所容,止应(ying)告於宗庙(miao)(miao),出(chu)(chu)在(zai)门巷习之(zhi)(zhi)。昭十(shi)八年传称“郑(zheng)人简(jian)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)大蒐,将为(wei)蒐除”,杜(du)云(yun):“治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)於庙(miao)(miao),城内地迫,故除广之(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)告於庙(miao)(miao),习於巷也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下有围(wei)郕(cheng),知治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)为(wei)围(wei)郕(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。沈(shen)云(yun)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)》“中(zhong)秋治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)”,《月令》孟春令云(yun)“是(shi)月也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),不可以称兵(bing)(bing)(bing)”。所以甲(jia)午治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)者,以为(wei)围(wei)郕(cheng)。故非(fei)时(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),犹如备难而(er)城,虽非(fei)时(shi)(shi)不讥。沈(shen)又云(yun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),必须告庙(miao)(miao)。告庙(miao)(miao)虽是(shi)内事(shi),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)乃是(shi)外事(shi),故虽告庙(miao)(miao),仍用甲(jia)午。且治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)则(ze)(ze)征伐之(zhi)(zhi)类,又为(wei)围(wei)郕(cheng),虽在(zai)郊(jiao)内,亦(yi)用刚(gang)日。甲(jia)午治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),《公羊(yang)》以为(wei)祠兵(bing)(bing)(bing),谓(wei)杀牲飨士(shi)卒。
夏,师及齐师围郕,郕降于齐师。二国同讨而齐独纳郕。
○降,户(hu)江反,传皆同。
[疏]“师及”至“齐师”。
○正义曰:於(wu)例,将(jiang)卑师(shi)众称(cheng)师(shi),此(ci)直言师(shi),则公不自将(jiang)。传(chuan)称(cheng)“仲庆父请伐(fa)齐(qi)师(shi)”,闻郕降齐(qi)师(shi),在国请耳,非(fei)是军中(zhong)请也。
秋,师(shi)还(hai)。时史善公克己复礼,全(quan)军(jun)而(er)还(hai),故特书师(shi)还(hai)。
[疏]注“时史”至“师还”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《春(chun)秋》之例(li),公(gong)行(xing)征伐(fa)(fa),还(hai)则书至,命将出师(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)有(you)书师(shi)(shi)(shi)还(hai)者也(ye)。庆父请伐(fa)(fa)齐(qi)师(shi)(shi)(shi),欲(yu)以(yi)自围(wei)郕之师(shi)(shi)(shi),回(hui)伐(fa)(fa)齐(qi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)。若用其言,则方(fang)相战(zhan)斗(dou),师(shi)(shi)(shi)或丧败。公(gong)乃自责无(wu)德,引罪归己。时(shi)(shi)史善公(gong)克己复礼(li),全(quan)军而(er)还(hai),喜其得还(hai),故特书师(shi)(shi)(shi)还(hai)也(ye)。传(chuan)言“君子是以(yi)善鲁(lu)庄公(gong)”。君子谓当时(shi)(shi)之史,书此师(shi)(shi)(shi)还(hai),以(yi)善鲁(lu)庄公(gong)也(ye)。仲尼以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)得理,故因而(er)用之。“克己复礼(li)”,《论语》文也(ye)。克,胜也(ye)。己虽恨(hen)齐(qi)胜情而(er)止,责己而(er)不(bu)责於(wu)人(ren)(ren),合於(wu)礼(li)意。僖三十年“秦、晋围(wei)郑(zheng)”,传(chuan)称“秦人(ren)(ren)窃与郑(zheng)盟,子犯(fan)请击秦师(shi)(shi)(shi),晋侯不(bu)许”,与此事(shi)同。而(er)彼无(wu)善文者,鲁(lu)庄中平之主,能有(you)善事(shi),故为(wei)(wei)(wei)可嘉。晋文身为(wei)(wei)(wei)霸主,而(er)私自恨(hen)郑(zheng),引秦共伐(fa)(fa),而(er)秦人(ren)(ren)背之,失其所(suo)与,则为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)知。得免(mian)不(bu)知之讥,巳为(wei)(wei)(wei)幸矣,虽不(bu)从子犯(fan),未(wei)足可尚。时(shi)(shi)史不(bu)善其事(shi),故仲尼亦无(wu)褒(bao)文。
冬,十有一月,癸未,齐无知弑其君诸儿。称臣,臣之罪也。
○儿,如字,一音五(wu)兮反。
【传】八年,春,治兵于庙,礼也。“夏,师及齐师围郕。郕降于齐师”。仲庆父请伐齐师。(齐不与鲁共其功,故欲伐之。)公曰:“不可!我实不德,齐师何罪?罪我之由。《夏书》曰:‘皋陶迈种德,(《夏书》,逸《书》也。称皋陶能勉种德。迈,勉也。
○夏(xia),户雅反,后放此。陶音遥。)德,乃降。’
[疏]“夏书”至“乃降”。
○正义曰:此《虞书(shu)·皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)谟(mo)》之(zhi)文(wen),以述禹事,故(gu)(gu)(gu)传(chuan)谓之(zhi)《夏书(shu)》。孔(kong)安国以为(wei)迈,行;种,布(bu)(bu);降(jiang),下(xia)也。言(yan)皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)能行、布(bu)(bu)其德(de)(de),德(de)(de)乃(nai)下(xia)洽(qia)於民(min),故(gu)(gu)(gu)民(min)归之(zhi)。今引之(zhi)断章(zhang),取证降(jiang)义,当言(yan)皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)能布(bu)(bu)行其德(de)(de),由其有德(de)(de),乃(nai)为(wei)人降(jiang)服(fu)也。杜不(bu)见古文(wen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以为(wei)逸《书(shu)》,以迈为(wei)勉(mian),言(yan)皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)能勉(mian)力(li)种树(shu)功德(de)(de),不(bu)知“德(de)(de)乃(nai)降(jiang)”亦是《书(shu)》文(wen),谓为(wei)庄公之(zhi)语,故(gu)(gu)(gu)隔(ge)从(cong)下(xia)注,言(yan)能自慕(mu)皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)之(zhi)种德(de)(de),乃(nai)人自降(jiang)服(fu)之(zhi)。自恨不(bu)能如皋(gao)陶(tao)(tao)也。
姑(gu)务脩德(de)以(yi)待时乎。”言苟有德(de),乃为人(ren)所(suo)降服,姑(gu),且(qie)也。“秋(qiu),师还”。君子(zi)是以(yi)善鲁庄(zhuang)公。传言经所(suo)以(yi)即用旧(jiu)史之文。
齐侯使连称、管至父戌葵丘。连称、管至父,皆齐大夫。戍,守也。葵丘,齐地,临淄县西有地名葵丘。
○称,尺证反,又如字。瓜时而往,曰:“及瓜而代。”期戍,公问不至。问,命也。
○期音基,本亦作期。请代,弗许。故谋作乱。僖公之母弟曰夷仲年,生公孙无知,有宠於僖公,衣服礼秩如適,適,大子。
○適,丁历反,注同。襄公绌之。二人因之以作乱。二人,连称、管至父。
○绌,敕律反。连称有从妹在公宫,无宠。使间公,伺公之间隙。
○从,才用反,下从者皆同。间,如字,注同;或古苋反,非。曰:“捷,吾以女为夫人。”捷,克也。宣无知之言。
○捷(jie),在接反。女音汝。
冬,十二月,齐侯游于姑棼,遂田于贝丘。姑棼、贝丘,皆齐地。田,猎也。乐安博昌县南有地名贝丘。
○棼,扶云反。贝,补盖反。乐音洛。见大豕,从者曰:“公子彭生也。”公见大豕,而从者见彭生,皆妖鬼。公怒,曰:“彭生敢见!”射之,豕人立而啼。公惧,队于车,伤足丧屦。反,诛屦於徒人费,诛,责也。
○敢见,贤遍反。射,食亦反。啼,田兮反。队,直类反。丧,息浪反。屦,九具反。费音祕。弗得,鞭之,见血。走出,遇贼于门,劫而束之。费曰:“我奚御哉!”袒而示之背,信之。费请先入,诈欲助贼。
○御,鱼吕反。袒音但。伏公而出,斗死于门中。石之纷如死于阶下。石之纷如,齐小臣,亦斗死。
○纷,敷文反。遂入,杀孟阳于床。孟阳,亦小臣,伐公居床。
○床(chuang),士良反(fan)。曰:“非君也(ye)(ye),不类。”见(jian)公之足于户下,遂弑之。而立无知。经书十(shi)(shi)一月癸未,《长(zhang)历》推之,月六日也(ye)(ye)。传云十(shi)(shi)二月,传误(wu)。
初,襄公立,无常。政令无常。鲍叔牙曰:“君使民慢,乱将作矣!”奉公子小白出奔莒。鲍叔牙,小白傅。小白,僖公庶子。
○鲍,步卯反。乱作,管夷吾、召忽奉公子纠来奔。管夷吾、召忽,皆子纠傅也。子纠,小白庶兄。来不书,皆非卿也。为九年公伐齐、纳子纠、齐小白入于齐传。
○召,时照反。纠,居黝反。初,公孙无知虐于雍廪。雍廪,齐大夫。为杀无知传。
○廪,力(li)锦反。
【经】九年(nian),春,齐人(ren)杀无知(zhi)(zhi)。(无知(zhi)(zhi)弑君而(er)立,未列(lie)於会,故不书爵(jue),例在(zai)成十六年(nian)。)
[疏]九年注“无知”至“六年”。
○正(zheng)义曰:无知弑君(jun)(jun)自(zi)立,则是(shi)为齐(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)矣,而(er)(er)(er)不言(yan)弑其(qi)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe),为未列(lie)(lie)(lie)於(wu)会(hui)(hui),故不书爵,不书爵者(zhe),正(zheng)谓不书弑其(qi)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰:“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)不受先君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)命而(er)(er)(er)篡(cuan)立,得(de)与诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)会(hui)(hui)者(zhe),则以成(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)书之(zhi)(zhi)。齐(qi)(qi)商人(ren)、蔡(cai)侯(hou)(hou)般(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若未得(de)接於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou),则不称爵。楚(chu)公(gong)子弃(qi)疾杀(sha)公(gong)子比,蔡(cai)人(ren)杀(sha)陈佗,齐(qi)(qi)人(ren)杀(sha)无知,卫人(ren)杀(sha)州吁、公(gong)子瑕(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)篡(cuan)立,虽以会(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)为正(zheng),此列(lie)(lie)(lie)国之(zhi)(zhi)制也(ye)(ye)。至於(wu)国内,策名委(wei)质,即君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)分巳定(ding),故虽杀(sha)不成(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun),亦与成(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)同义也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)言(yan)杀(sha)而(er)(er)(er)不称君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。曹(cao)伯(bo)负刍(chu)杀(sha)大(da)子而(er)(er)(er)自(zi)立,成(cheng)(cheng)十五(wu)年晋侯(hou)(hou)讨而(er)(er)(er)执之(zhi)(zhi),十六年曹(cao)人(ren)请(qing)于晋,曰若有(you)罪,则君(jun)(jun)列(lie)(lie)(lie)侯(hou)(hou)会(hui)(hui)矣。是(shi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)会(hui)(hui)则成(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun),故指(zhi)彼以为例(li)。
公及齐大夫盟于蔇。齐乱无君,故大夫得敌於公,盖欲迎子纠也。来者非一人,故不称名。蔇,鲁地,琅邪缯县北有蔇亭。
○蔇,其器反。缯,才陵反。
[疏]注“齐乱”至“蔇亭”。
○正义曰(yue):僖(xi)二(er)十(shi)九年传曰(yue):“在礼,卿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)会公、侯,会伯(bo)、子、男可也(ye)。”是(shi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)敌(di)公也(ye)。若敌(di)公,则经没(mei)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu),而贬卿称人,翟泉之盟是(shi)也(ye)。此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)没(mei)公者,齐乱(luan)无君,故大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)得(de)(de)敌(di)公,既得(de)(de)敌(di)公,当书(shu)名氏,而直言(yan)齐大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)者,来(lai)者非一人,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称名也(ye)。文(wen)十(shi)年宋人杀(sha)其大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),传曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称名,众也(ye)。。”是(shi)众则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)书(shu)名。
夏,公伐齐,纳(na)子纠。
[疏]“公伐齐,纳子纠”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传》曰(yue):“纠(jiu)者(zhe)何?公(gong)(gong)子(zi)纠(jiu)也(ye)。何以不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)?君前臣名也(ye)。”何休(xiu)曰(yue):“嫌当为齐(qi)君,在鲁君前不(bu)为臣礼。”故(gu)去(qu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),见臣於(wu)鲁也(ye)。贾(jia)逵云:“不(bu)言(yan)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),次(ci)正也(ye),《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》之说不(bu)可通於(wu)《左氏(shi)》,次(ci)正不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi),其事又无(wu)所(suo)出。”案今定本经文纠(jiu)之上且有(you)(you)子(zi)字。自外(wai)入(ru)内(nei)不(bu)称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)者(zhe)多,唯有(you)(you)楚公(gong)(gong)子(zi)比称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)。盖(gai)告(gao)辞有(you)(you)详略,故(gu)为文不(bu)同。此有(you)(you)伐齐(qi)之文,故(gu)不(bu)须(xu)言(yan)于齐(qi)。纳捷菑于邾,为无(wu)伐邾之文,故(gu)须(xu)言(yan)于邾。
齐小白入(ru)于齐。二公(gong)子(zi)各有党(dang),故虽盟(meng)而迎子(zi)纠(jiu),当(dang)须(xu)伐(fa)乃得入(ru),又出在小白之后。小白称入(ru),从国逆之文,本无位。
[疏]注“二公”至“无位”。
○正义曰:传称(cheng)鲍叔牙以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)白奔(ben)莒,管(guan)夷吾、召忽(hu)奉子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)来(lai)奔(ben)。则(ze)二子(zi)(zi)在(zai)国宠均势敌,故(gu)(gu)国内(nei)各(ge)有其党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang),令齐(qi)大(da)夫来(lai)盟于蔇,直是(shi)子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)来(lai)迎子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)耳(er)。小(xiao)(xiao)白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)犹自向莒迎小(xiao)(xiao)白也(ye)。若其举(ju)国同(tong)心共推子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu),来(lai)迎即宜付之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)须以(yi)(yi)盟要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今既(ji)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟而(er)兴师送纠(jiu),是(shi)二公子(zi)(zi)各(ge)自有党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang),须伐乃得(de)入(ru),故(gu)(gu)公伐齐(qi)也(ye)。昭十(shi)三年传称(cheng)“桓公有国、高以(yi)(yi)为(wei)内(nei)主”,则(ze)国子(zi)(zi)、高子(zi)(zi)是(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)也(ye)。彼云小(xiao)(xiao)白既(ji)早,公送子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)又(you)迟(chi),公伐齐(qi)纳子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)始(shi)行(xing)即书(shu)(shu),小(xiao)(xiao)白入(ru)齐(qi)得(de)告乃书(shu)(shu)。故(gu)(gu)至齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,出小(xiao)(xiao)白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后。然传例(li)曰:“凡去国,国逆(ni)(ni)而(er)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰入(ru)。”小(xiao)(xiao)白称(cheng)入(ru),从国逆(ni)(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,以(yi)(yi)其本无位(wei)也(ye),若本有位(wei),则(ze)当(dang)云复归。贾、服以(yi)(yi)为(wei)齐(qi)大(da)夫来(lai)迎子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu),公不(bu)(bu)亟遣,而(er)盟以(yi)(yi)要(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。齐(qi)人归迎小(xiao)(xiao)白。谓迎小(xiao)(xiao)白者,疑是(shi)盟蔇大(da)夫,故(gu)(gu)杜言各(ge)自有党(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)以(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
秋,七月(yue),丁(ding)酉(you),葬齐襄公。无传(chuan)。九月(yue)乃葬,乱故。
八月,庚申,及齐师战于乾时,我师败绩。小白既定而公犹不退师,历时而战,战遂大败。不称公战,公败讳之。乾时,齐地,时水在乐安界,岐流。旱则竭涸,故曰乾时。
○乾音干。岐(qi),其宜反,又(you)巨移反。涸,户各反。
[疏]注“小白”至“乾(qian)时”。正义(yi)曰:公(gong)以夏伐齐(qi),巳出小白之后(hou)。齐(qi)人得葬襄(xiang)公(gong),便是(shi)国宁位定。公(gong)可(ke)退而(er)(er)不(bu)退,战(zhan)而(er)(er)败(bai)绩,是(shi)公(gong)之罪(zui)。时史书策不(bu)称公(gong)战(zhan),公(gong)败(bai),为(wei)公(gong)讳(hui)(hui)也。若言此战(zhan)非公(gong),是(shi)将卑师众,故直言师战(zhan)师败(bai)耳。此战(zhan)虽讳(hui)(hui),犹书败(bai)。升陉之战(zhan),败(bai)亦不(bu)书者,彼为(wei)获公(gong)胄,耻,讳(hui)(hui)之深,故不(bu)书败(bai)也。
九月,齐人取子纠,杀之。公子为贼乱,则书。齐实告杀而书齐取杀者,时史恶齐志在谲以求管仲,非不忍其亲,故极言之。
○恶,乌路反(fan)。谲,古穴反(fan)。
[疏]“取子纠杀之”。正义曰:此名纠耳,称子者,《公羊传》曰:“其称子纠何?贵也。其贵奈何?宜为君者也。”何休云:“以君薨,称子某,言之者,著其宜为君,从未逾年君例。”贾逵云:“称子者,愍之。”案定本上“纳子纠”巳称子,则此言子,非愍之也。沈云:齐人称子纠,故鲁史从其所称,而经书子纠,知者,传云“子纠,亲也,请君讨之”,岂复是愍之乎!刘与贾同。注“公子”至“言之”。
○正义曰(yue):诸侯之(zhi)臣(chen)为卿,乃见经。公子(zi)为贼(zei)乱(luan)者,则(ze)书(shu)(shu)其名(ming),不(bu)问位之(zhi)贵贱。《释(shi)例》曰(yue):“祸(huo)福(fu)不(bu)告(gao)则(ze)不(bu)书(shu)(shu),然则(ze)国之(zhi)大(da)事(shi)见告(gao),则(ze)皆(jie)承告(gao)而书(shu)(shu),贵贱各(ge)以所告(gao)为文也(ye)。福(fu)莫大(da)於享国有家,祸(huo)莫甚於骨肉(rou)相(xiang)残。故公子(zi)取国及为乱(luan)见杀者,亦皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)。不(bu)必(bi)系於为卿,故子(zi)纠、意恢(hui)以公子(zi)见书(shu)(shu)於经也(ye)。”是(shi)说公子(zi)书(shu)(shu)经之(zhi)意也(ye)。
冬,浚洙。无传。洙水在鲁城北,下合泗。浚深之,为齐备。
○浚,苏俊反,深(shen)也。洙音(yin)殊,水名。泗音(yin)四。
[疏]注“洙水”至“齐备”。
○正义曰(yue):《释(shi)例》云:“洙水(shui)出鲁国东北,西(xi)南入(ru)沇水(shui),下(xia)合泗。”《公羊传》曰(yue):“洙者何?水(shui)也(ye)。浚之(zhi)者何?深(shen)之(zhi)也(ye)。曷为深(shen)之(zhi)?畏(wei)齐也(ye)。”是(shi)畏(wei)齐,故深(shen)之(zhi)为阻(zu)固也(ye)。
【传(chuan)】九年(nian),春,雍廪杀无知。
“公及齐大夫盟于蔇”,齐无君也。
夏,公伐齐,纳子纠。桓公自莒先入(ru)。桓公,小白(bai)。
秋,师(shi)及(ji)齐师(shi)战于乾时,我师(shi)败绩,公丧戎路,传(chuan)乘而归。戎路,兵车。传(chuan)乘,乘他(ta)车。丧,息浪反。传(chuan),直(zhi)专反。又丁(ding)恋反。传(chuan)乘,绳证反,注“传(chuan)乘”字(zi)同。乘他(ta)如字(zi)。
秦子、梁子以公旗辟于下道,二子,公御及戎右也,以误齐师。
○僻音避,本亦作辟,一音婢亦反。是以皆止。止,获也。鲍叔帅师来言曰:“子纠,亲也,请君讨之。鲍叔乘胜而进军,志在生得管仲,故讬不忍之辞。管、召,雠也,请受而甘心焉。”管仲射桓公,故曰雠。甘心,言欲快意戮杀之。
○召,诗照反。雠,市由反。射,食亦反。乃杀子纠于生窦,生窦,鲁地。
○窦音豆。召忽死之。管仲请囚,鲍叔受之,及堂阜而税之。堂阜,齐地。东莞蒙阴县西北有夷吾亭。或曰:鲍叔解夷吾缚於此,因以为名。
○税,本又作“说”,同,上活反,一音失锐反。解,古买反。缚,扶略反。归而以告曰:“管夷吾治於高傒,高傒,齐卿高敬仲也。言管仲治理政事之才,多於敬仲。
○治,直吏反,注(zhu)同。傒(xi)音(yin)兮。使相可也。”
[疏]“鲍叔”至“可也”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):此传(chuan)大(da)(da)略(lve),世有(you)《管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)》书者(zhe),或是(shi)(shi)(shi)后人(ren)(ren)所录,其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)甚详。其(qi)(qi)《小匡(kuang)》篇曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“桓公(gong)自(zi)莒反於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐,使(shi)(shi)鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙为(wei)宰。鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)辞(ci)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)加(jia)惠(hui)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)冻馁,则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)治国(guo)家(jia),则(ze)非臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所能也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)唯管(guan)(guan)夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)乎(hu)!臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所不(bu)如(ru)夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)五:宽(kuan)惠(hui)爱民(min),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);治国(guo)不(bu)失秉,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);忠(zhong)信可(ke)(ke)(ke)结於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸侯,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);制礼(li)(li)义可(ke)(ke)(ke)法於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四方,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);介胄执枹,立於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)军门(men),使(shi)(shi)百(bai)姓(xing)皆知(zhi)勇,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)如(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi),民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父母(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),将(jiang)欲治其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)弃其(qi)(qi)父母(mu)。’公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管(guan)(guan)夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)亲射寡(gua)人(ren)(ren),中钩(gou),殆於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)死,今(jin)乃(nai)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?’鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘彼为(wei)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)若宥而(er)(er)(er)反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)犹是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘然(ran)则(ze)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)?’鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。’公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘夫(fu)施(shi)伯,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋(mou)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼知(zhi)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)将(jiang)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)与(yu)。’鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)诏(zhao)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)不(bu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),原(yuan)(yuan)请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以戮於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)诺(nuo)。且施(shi)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai),必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)将(jiang)致鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)受(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)能弱齐矣(yi)。夷吾(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)受(shou)(shou),彼知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)反齐,必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)亟请(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)然(ran)无(wu)及。’公(gong)乃(nai)使(shi)(shi)鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)行成(cheng),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘公(gong)子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu),亲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),请(qing)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)杀公(gong)子(zi)(zi)纠(jiu)。又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管(guan)(guan)仲,雠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),请(qing)受(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)许(xu)诺(nuo)。施(shi)伯谓(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘勿与(yu)。非戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),将(jiang)用(yong)其(qi)(qi)政也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。管(guan)(guan)仲,天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤人(ren)(ren),今(jin)齐求而(er)(er)(er)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)长为(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)忧,君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)何(he)不(bu)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)授其(qi)(qi)尸。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘诺(nuo)。’将(jiang)杀管(guan)(guan)仲。鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)进曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐,是(shi)(shi)(shi)戮齐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)戮鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)原(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以徇於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo),为(wei)群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)戮;若不(bu)生得,是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)与(yu)寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贼比也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。非敝邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所请(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),使(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)敢受(shou)(shou)命。’於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)乎(hu)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乃(nai)不(bu)杀,遂生束缚而(er)(er)(er)以与(yu)齐。鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)受(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三举。施(shi)伯从而(er)(er)(er)笑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)大(da)(da)夫(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘管(guan)(guan)仲必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)死矣(yi),鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)忍戮贤人(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)知(zhi)知(zhi)称贤以自(zi)成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂阜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)祓而(er)(er)(er)浴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三。桓公(gong)亲迎於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)郊。遂与(yu)归,礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙,三酌而(er)(er)(er)问为(wei)政焉。”《外(wai)传(chuan)·齐语(yu)》与(yu)《管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)》大(da)(da)同,《管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)》当是(shi)(shi)(shi)本耳。《管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi)》无(wu)“治於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)高傒(xi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)。鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)管(guan)(guan)子(zi)(zi),其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)非一,说(shuo)者(zhe)各记所闻,故不(bu)同耳。
公从之。
○相,息亮(liang)反。
【经】十年,春,王正月,公败齐师于长勺。(齐人虽成列,鲁以权谲稽之,列成而不得用,故以未陈为文。例在十一年。长勺,鲁地。
○勺,上酌(zhuo)反(fan)。陈,直觐反(fan),十(shi)一(yi)年经注同。)
[疏]“十年注齐人”至“鲁地”。
○正义曰(yue):例称“敌未陈(chen)曰(yue)败(bai)某师(shi),背陈(chen)曰(yue)战”。此传称齐(qi)人成陈(chen)击鼓,不(bu)应称败(bai)齐(qi)师(shi),故(gu)解之(zhi)。《孙子兵书(shu)》曰(yue):“誓稽(ji)之(zhi)使失其先后(hou)。”谓稽(ji)留(liu)彼敌,不(bu)时(shi)与战,使先后(hou)失其次第。鲁以(yi)曹刿(gui)之(zhi)语,权(quan)谋谲诈(zha)以(yi)稽(ji)留(liu)之(zhi),列成而(er)(er)不(bu)得用,与未陈(chen)相似,故(gu)以(yi)未陈(chen)为文(wen)。《释例》曰(yue):“长勺之(zhi)役,虽(sui)俱陈(chen),而(er)(er)鼓音不(bu)齐(qi)。槜(zui)李之(zhi)役,越人患(huan)吴(wu)之(zhi)整,以(yi)死士乱吴(wu),虽(sui)皆巳陈(chen),犹以(yi)独克为文(wen),举其权(quan)诈(zha)。”是也。此注“稽(ji)”或作(zuo)“掩”,误(wu)耳,今(jin)定本作(zuo)“稽(ji)”。
二月,公侵宋。无传。侵例在二十九年(nian)。
三月,宋人迁宿。无传。宋强迁之而取其地,故文异於邢迁。
○强(qiang),其丈反。
夏,六月,齐师、宋师次于郎。不言侵伐,齐为兵主,背蔇之盟,义与长勺同。
○背,音佩,传同。
[疏]注“不言”至“勺同”。
○正义曰(yue):此(ci)春败齐(qi)(qi)(qi)师于(yu)(yu)长勺,传(chuan)称(cheng)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)师伐(fa)我”,则(ze)今次于(yu)(yu)郎,亦(yi)是欲来(lai)伐(fa)我。而经(jing)并不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)侵(qin)伐(fa),侵(qin)伐(fa)者,责罪之文(wen)也(ye)(ye)。桓十年,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,郑(zheng)伯来(lai)战于(yu)(yu)郎,传(chuan)曰(yue):“我有(you)辞也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)侵(qin)伐(fa)。则(ze)知(zhi)此(ci)与长勺不(bu)(bu)书侵(qin)伐(fa),亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)“我有(you)辞也(ye)(ye)”。我有(you)辞者,齐(qi)(qi)(qi)来(lai)伐(fa)我,为(wei)(wei)公(gong)伐(fa)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)纳子(zi)纠(jiu)来(lai)报伐(fa)也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)之伐(fa)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),大夫来(lai)盟于(yu)(yu)蔇(ji),许以(yi)子(zi)纠(jiu)为(wei)(wei)君(jun),令鲁(lu)伐(fa)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),纳子(zi)纠(jiu),彼自背盟伐(fa)鲁(lu),非责鲁(lu)也(ye)(ye),鲁(lu)有(you)此(ci)辞,故(gu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)人不(bu)(bu)合(he)伐(fa)也(ye)(ye)。杜言二(er)公(gong)子(zi)各有(you)党(dang),则(ze)迎子(zi)纠(jiu)者,非小白之徒,而责齐(qi)(qi)(qi)背盟者,言彼蔇(ji)盟,大夫背盟而从(cong)小白,误公(gong)使伐(fa)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)耳,不(bu)(bu)言桓公(gong)背盟也(ye)(ye)。杜以(yi)传(chuan)於长勺之役有(you)“伐(fa)我”之语,故(gu)就传(chuan)为(wei)(wei)解,而以(yi)此(ci)同(tong)之。
公败宋师于乘丘。乘丘,鲁地。
○乘,绳证反。
秋,九月,荆败蔡师于莘。荆,楚本号,后改为楚。楚辟陋在夷,於此始通上国,然告命之辞犹未合典礼,故不称将帅。莘,蔡地。
○莘,所巾反(fan)。将率,子匠(jiang)反(fan),率又作帅,同,所类反(fan)。
[疏]注“荆楚”至“蔡地”。
○正义(yi)曰:荆、楚一木(mu)二(er)(er)名,故以为国号(hao)亦得二(er)(er)名。终(zhong)庄公(gong)之(zhi)世,经(jing)皆书(shu)荆。僖之(zhi)元(yuan)年,乃书(shu)楚人伐郑,盖於尔时始改为楚,以后常(chang)称楚也。他国虽将(jiang)(jiang)有(you)尊卑,师(shi)有(you)多少,或(huo)称师(shi),或(huo)称将(jiang)(jiang),不得直(zhi)书(shu)国名,史之(zhi)书(shu)策承彼告辞。此直(zhi)称国,知其告命之(zhi)辞,未合典礼,故不称将(jiang)(jiang)帅也。
以蔡侯献(xian)舞归。献(xian)舞,祭季。
[疏]“以蔡侯献舞归”。
○正义曰:《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰:“以(yi)归(gui)(gui),犹愈乎执也(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)(du)於(wu)隐七年注云:“但言(yan)以(yi)归(gui)(gui),非执也(ye)(ye)”。则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)归(gui)(gui)者(zhe),直将与(yu)其归(gui)(gui),不(bu)被(bei)囚执,其耻轻(qing)於(wu)执也(ye)(ye)。《释例·得(de)获(huo)例》曰:“敌(di)国(guo)交兵,亦有兵器之获(huo),欲殊别(bie)君(jun)臣(chen)(chen),故於(wu)君(jun)曰灭(mie)(mie)(mie),於(wu)臣(chen)(chen)曰获(huo)。国(guo)君(jun)者(zhe),社(she)稷(ji)之主,百姓之望,当与(yu)社(she)稷(ji)宗庙(miao)(miao)共(gong)其存亡者(zhe)也(ye)(ye),而见获(huo)於(wu)敌(di)国(guo),虽存若亡,死之与(yu)生,皆(jie)与(yu)灭(mie)(mie)(mie)同。至於(wu)偏军元帅,君(jun)之臣(chen)(chen)仆,出身致命(ming),荣辱得(de)失,自其常事。故传(chuan)曰:胡子(zi)髡、沈子(zi)逞灭(mie)(mie)(mie),获(huo)陈夏齧’,君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)之辞也(ye)(ye)。”如杜(du)(du)此言(yan),师败身虏亦应称灭(mie)(mie)(mie)。此不(bu)言(yan)灭(mie)(mie)(mie)。而云以(yi)归(gui)(gui)者(zhe),《释例》所(suo)云据宗庙(miao)(miao)社(she)稷(ji)巳亡,而君(jun)见获(huo)於(wu)敌(di),君(jun)身虽在(zai)(zai),与(yu)亡无异,皆(jie)以(yi)灭(mie)(mie)(mie)为文,则(ze)(ze)(ze)定六(liu)年“郑游(you)速帅师灭(mie)(mie)(mie)许(xu)(xu),以(yi)许(xu)(xu)男斯归(gui)(gui)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若社(she)稷(ji)宗庙(miao)(miao)不(bu)亡,君(jun)身见获(huo)於(wu)敌(di),则(ze)(ze)(ze)云以(yi)归(gui)(gui),“此蔡侯献舞归(gui)(gui)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)炫(xuan)云“在(zai)(zai)陈死,则(ze)(ze)(ze)称灭(mie)(mie)(mie),以(yi)还(hai)者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)言(yan)以(yi)归(gui)(gui)”,以(yi)规(gui)杜(du)(du)氏(shi),非也(ye)(ye)。
冬,十月,齐师灭谭。谭国在济南平陵县西南。传曰:“谭无礼。”此直释所以见灭。经无义例,他皆放此。灭例在文十五年。
○谭(tan),徒南反。谭(tan)子奔(ben)莒。不言(yan)出奔(ben),国灭无所出。
[疏]注“不言”至“所出”。
○正义曰:《公羊传》曰:“何以不言出?国巳(si)灭矣,无所出也(ye)。”
【传】十年,春,齐师伐我。(不书侵伐,齐背蔇之盟,我有辞。)公将战,曹刿请见。(曹刿,鲁人。
○刿,古卫反。见,贤(xian)遍反,下同。)
[疏]注“曹刿,鲁人”。
○正义曰(yue):《史记(ji)》作“曹沬”,亦云:“鲁人”。
其乡人曰:“肉食者谋之,又何间焉”。肉食,在位者。间犹与也。
○间,间厕之间,注同。与音(yin)预。
[疏]注“肉食”至“与也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《孟子》论庶人(ren)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“五(wu)亩之(zhi)宅,树之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)桑,五(wu)十者(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)衣帛(bo)。鸡(ji)豚狗(gou)彘之(zhi)畜,无失其时,七十者(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)食肉(rou)(rou)(rou)。”是贱(jian)人(ren)不得(de)食肉(rou)(rou)(rou),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)在(zai)位者(zhe)也(ye)。襄二十八年(nian)传说子雅、子尾之(zhi)食云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公膳日双(shuang)鸡(ji)”,昭四年(nian)传说颁冰之(zhi)法云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食肉(rou)(rou)(rou)之(zhi)禄,冰皆与焉,大(da)(da)夫命妇丧,浴(yu)用冰”。盖位为大(da)(da)夫,乃(nai)得(de)食肉(rou)(rou)(rou)也(ye)。间(jian)谓间(jian)杂(za),言不应间(jian)其中而为之(zhi)谋,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“间(jian)犹(you)与也(ye)”。
刿(gui)曰:“肉(rou)食(shi)(shi)者鄙,未(wei)能远谋。”乃入(ru)见。问何(he)以战(zhan)?公曰:“衣食(shi)(shi)所(suo)安(an),
[疏]“衣食所安”。
○正(zheng)义曰:公意衣食二者,虽所(suo)以安(an)身,然亦(yi)不敢专(zhuan)巳有之(zhi),必以之(zhi)分人(ren)。
弗敢专也,必以分人。”对曰:“小枯未徧,民弗从也。”分公衣食,所惠不过左右,故曰未徧。
○徧音遍(bian),注同。公(gong)曰:“牺牲玉(yu)帛(bo),
[疏]“牺牲玉帛”。
○正义曰:四(si)者皆祭神之物。《曲礼》曰:“天(tian)子(zi)以牺牛(niu),诸(zhu)侯以肥牛(niu)。”郑玄云:“牺,纯毛(mao)也。肥,养於涤也。”然(ran)则牲(sheng)谓三牲(sheng),牛(niu)、羊、豕也。牺者,牲(sheng)之纯色也。鲁自得用天(tian)子(zi)之礼,要牺牲(sheng)相配之语,未必为得用,乃言之也。
弗敢加也,必以信。”祝辞不敢以小为大,以恶为美。
○牺,许宜反(fan)。对曰:“小(xiao)信(xin)未(wei)孚,神弗福也。”孚,大(da)信(xin)也。
[疏]注“孚大信也”。
○正义曰:孚亦信耳(er),以言“小信未孚”,故(gu)解孚为大信以形之。
公曰:“小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。”必尽巳情。察,审也。对曰:“忠之属也,上思利民,忠也。
○属音蜀。
[疏]注“上思利民,忠也”。
○正义曰(yue):桓(huan)六年传文也(ye)。言以情(qing)审察,不用使之(zhi)有(you)枉,则是(shi)思(si)欲(yu)利民,故为忠之(zhi)属也(ye)。
可以一战,战则请从。”公与之乘。共乘兵车。
○从,才用反。乘,绳证反。战于长勺,公将鼓之。刿曰:“未可。”齐人三鼓,刿曰:“可矣。”齐师败绩。公将驰之。刿曰:“未可。”下视其辙。视车迹也。
○三(san),息暂反,又如字。辙,直列反。登轼而望(wang)之,
[疏(shu)]“登轼而望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。正义曰:《考工记》云:兵车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广六尺(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)六寸(cun)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen),车(che)广去(qu)(qu)一以(yi)为隧,隧谓舆内(nei),前后深四尺(chi)(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)也。三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)隧,一在前,二(er)在后,以(yi)揉其(qi)(qi)式。式在舆间,从前量(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深一尺(chi)(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)也。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)广之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式崇,崇三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)寸(cun)也。谓当车(che)舆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),去(qu)(qu)前轸一尺(chi)(chi)(chi)四寸(cun)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)寸(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er),下去(qu)(qu)车(che)板(ban)三(san)(san)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)三(san)(san)寸(cun),横施一木名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰轼,得(de)(de)使人立於其(qi)(qi)后,时(shi)依倚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曹刿登轼,得(de)(de)臣(chen)云君(jun)冯轼,皆谓此也。
曰:“可矣。”遂逐齐师。既克,公问其故。对曰:“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼竭我盈,故克之。夫大国难测也。惧有伏焉。恐诈奔。
○轼音式。伏如字,旧扶又反。吾视其辙乱,望其旗靡,故逐之。”旗靡辙乱,怖遽。
○旗音其。靡音美。怖,普布(bu)反。遽,其据反。
夏,六月,齐师、宋师次于郎。公子偃曰:“宋师不整,可败也。公子偃,鲁大夫。宋败,齐必还,请击之。”公弗许。自雩门窃出,蒙皋比而先犯之。雩门,鲁南城门。皋比,虎皮。
○雩音于。比音毗,注同。
[疏]注“雩门”至“虎皮”。
○正义曰(yue):雩门,为鲁南城门。盖(gai)时人犹(you)以名(ming)之,故知(zhi)也。僖二十八年传称“胥臣蒙马以虎(hu)(hu)(hu)皮(pi)”,此云(yun)“蒙皋(gao)比而先犯(fan)之”,事与彼同。知(zhi)皋(gao)比是虎(hu)(hu)(hu)皮(pi)也。以胥臣之事譬之,必(bi)知(zhi)定是虎(hu)(hu)(hu)皮(pi),其(qi)名(ming)曰(yue)皋(gao)比,则其(qi)义未闻。《乐记》云(yun):“倒载干(gan)戈,包之以虎(hu)(hu)(hu)皮(pi),名(ming)之曰(yue)建櫜。”郑玄以为兵甲之衣(yi)曰(yue)櫜。櫜,韬也,而其(qi)字或(huo)作建皋(gao)。故服虔引以解此。
公从(cong)之,大败(bai)宋师(shi)于乘丘。齐(qi)师(shi)乃还。
蔡(cai)哀侯(hou)娶(qu)于陈,息(xi)侯(hou)亦娶(qu)焉(yan)。息(xi)妫将归(gui),过蔡(cai)。蔡(cai)侯(hou)曰(yue):“吾姨也。”妻之姊妹曰(yue)姨。
[疏]注“妻之姊妹曰姨”。
○正义(yi)曰:《释亲》云“妻之姊妹同出(chu)为姨”,孙炎云“同出(chu),俱已嫁也”。
止而见(jian)之(zhi),弗宾。不(bu)礼敬(jing)也。息侯(hou)闻之(zhi),怒,使谓(wei)楚文王曰(yue):“伐(fa)我,吾求救於蔡而伐(fa)之(zhi)。”楚子从之(zhi)。秋九(jiu)月,楚败(bai)蔡师(shi)于莘,以蔡侯(hou)献舞归。
齐侯之出也,过谭,谭不礼焉。及其入也,诸侯皆贺,谭又不至。以九年入。
○过,古禾反。冬,齐(qi)师灭谭,谭无(wu)礼也(ye)(ye)。谭子奔莒(ju),同盟故也(ye)(ye)。传言谭不能及远,所(suo)以亡。