方孝孺《詹鼎传》原文及翻译
【原文】:
詹鼎(ding)(ding),字国器,台(tai)宁海人(ren)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)家(jia)(jia)素(su)贱,父(fu)鬻(yu)饼(bing)(bing)市中,而舍(she)县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)家(jia)(jia)。大(da)家(jia)(jia)惟吴氏(shi)(shi)最豪贵,舍(she)其(qi)(qi)家(jia)(jia),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鼎(ding)(ding)。鼎(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)七年,不(bu)与(yu)市中儿嬉(xi)敖(ao),独(du)(du)喜游学馆,听(ting)人(ren)读书,归,辄能(neng)言诸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)(suo)诵。吴氏(shi)(shi)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓其(qi)(qi)父(fu)令儿读书。鼎(ding)(ding)欣(xin)然(ran),其(qi)(qi)父(fu)独(du)(du)不(bu)肯,骂曰:“吾故(gu)市人(ren)家(jia)(jia),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而能(neng)业(ye),吾业(ye)不(bu)废(fei)足矣,柰何(he)从儒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)游也(ye)?”然(ran)鼎(ding)(ding)每(mei)自课习,夜坐饼(bing)(bing)灶下,诵不(bu)休。其(qi)(qi)父(fu)见其(qi)(qi)志不(bu)可夺,遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)读书。逾年,尽通其(qi)(qi)师所(suo)(suo)能(neng),师辞(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)吴氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)延师儒,鼎(ding)(ding)就学,吴氏(shi)(shi)亦(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使学。未数年,吴氏(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)无能(neng)与(yu)鼎(ding)(ding)谈者(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)师去,鼎(ding)(ding)遂为吴氏(shi)(shi)诸子(zi)(zi)(zi)师。
元(yuan)(yuan)末方国(guo)珍(zhen)起海上,不(bu)能制,以(yi)重位授之(zhi)。国(guo)珍(zhen)开府庆元(yuan)(yuan),求士为己用。国(guo)珍(zhen)闻鼎(ding)有才(cai),以(yi)计擒之(zhi)。鼎(ding)为所(suo)获,无柰,因为之(zhi)尽力,为其(qi)府都事(shi)(shi),有廉名。国(guo)珍(zhen)弟(di)平章(zhang)事(shi)(shi),有人(ren)(ren)犯法,属(shu)鼎(ding)治(zhi),鼎(ding)论(lun)如法。平章(zhang)之(zhi)妻受赇,请于(yu)鼎(ding)。持不(bu)可,曰:“今方氏欲举大谋,当用天(tian)下贤士,一心守法,曷(he)使(shi)妇人(ren)(ren)得预事(shi)(shi)乎?”不(bu)许(xu)。妻怒,谮(jian)之(zhi),系(xi)鼎(ding)狱,半载乃释。
复起(qi),为上虞制。上虞与伪(wei)吴王张士诚地相错,军吏(li)贵臣甚众,以鼎儒(ru)生,不习边(bian)事(shi),屡违约。鼎会众于(yu)庭(ting)(ting),引一驿丞,责(ze)以不奉公,斩之(zhi)。在庭(ting)(ting)者皆股栗,膝(xi)行请罪,膝(xi)屈(qu)久不能起(qi),乃罢。后(hou)虽元帅(shuai)、万夫长有所陈说(shuo),皆长跪以言,不敢举(ju)目视其面。鼎临事(shi)有才(cai),简牍满前,须臾而决。
至(zhi)正末,我兵临庆元城下,国珍(zhen)惧,乘(cheng)楼船遁于海。上怒,欲举兵诛之(zhi)。莫为计,鼎为草表(biao)谢,辞(ci)甚恭(gong)而辩。上读表(biao),曰:“孰谓方氏无(wu)人哉(zai)?是可(ke)以活其命矣(yi)。”乃(nai)赦之(zhi),不问。更以国珍(zhen)为右丞,鼎亦(yi)召至(zhi)京(jing)师(shi)。
时河南行省(sheng)缺郎(lang)中,吏部(bu)(bu)请(qing)命鼎(ding)为(wei)之(zhi)。丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)曰(yue):“吾同(tong)事,以鼎(ding)才不(bu)可使外也(ye)。”待半岁,除(chu)留(liu)守都卫经历,改刑(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)郎(lang)中、刑(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)佐寮。未完,有司请(qing)除(chu)吏。丞(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)曰(yue):“刑(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)有詹鼎(ding)在,胜百辈。”其见(jian)称如此。鼎(ding)在刑(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu),一以宽(kuan)仁(ren)行法(fa),威声不(bu)起,而人皆乐(le)其不(bu)苛刻。会(hui)大都督府受赂,除(chu)军吏。事发,诬鼎(ding)有赃(zang)。御(yu)史覆(fu)鼎(ding),鼎(ding)言在留(liu)守时所(suo)养孤甥来省(sheng),恐有之(zhi),鼎(ding)诚不(bu)知。御(yu)史曰(yue):“法(fa)贵杀有名。”卒诛(zhu)鼎(ding),与百余人皆死。
选自《逊(xun)志斋集(ji)》,有删改)
高考卷(juan)中的注释(shi):开府(fu):古代指高级(ji)官员成(cheng)立府(fu)署,选置僚属。
【翻译】:
詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding),字国(guo)器。台湾宁(ning)海人(ren)。他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家族向来贫穷,父亲在街市卖饼为业(ye),租本(ben)县(xian)有钱(qian)人(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋子居住。有钱(qian)人(ren)家中只有吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)最富(fu)裕显(xian)贵,租住在吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)家时,生(sheng)了詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)。詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)六七岁时,不喜欢与街市儿童(tong)嬉戏游玩,唯独喜爱(ai)上(shang)学(xue)(xue)馆听人(ren)读书(shu),回家后(hou)就能(neng)说(shuo)出学(xue)(xue)生(sheng)们所诵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)内容。吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)爱(ai)其聪(cong)敏,劝詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父亲让(rang)詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)读书(shu),詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)非(fei)常高(gao)兴,但他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父亲不答应,骂道:“我们本(ben)来就是做(zuo)小生(sheng)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren),生(sheng)了儿子就能(neng)够(gou)从(cong)事这(zhei)行职(zhi)业(ye),我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)职(zhi)业(ye)不会后(hou)继无人(ren)就足(zu)够(gou)了,为什么(me)要跟(gen)着(zhe)读书(shu)人(ren)呢?”,然而詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)每节课(ke)都认真(zhen)学(xue)(xue)习,夜(ye)晚常在饼灶之(zhi)下捧书(shu)诵读不止。他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父亲为之(zhi)感动(dong),遂让(rang)他入学(xue)(xue)读书(shu)。一(yi)年之(zhi)后(hou),把(ba)他老(lao)(lao)(lao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所能(neng)教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都学(xue)(xue)会了,老(lao)(lao)(lao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)告辞(ci)离开了。当时吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)聘(pin)请了儒(ru)学(xue)(xue)老(lao)(lao)(lao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)授(shou)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孩(hai)子,詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)就从(cong)学(xue)(xue)于(yu)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)家,吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)同样把(ba)他和自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孩(hai)子一(yi)样看待(dai),让(rang)他学(xue)(xue)习。没过几年,吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)子弟(di)无人(ren)能(neng)及(ji)詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)。他们的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)辞(ci)别离开了,于(yu)是詹(zhan)鼎(ding)(ding)被聘(pin)请为吴(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)孩(hai)子们的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。